Roster of the United Nations 1179

Appendix I Roster of the United Nations (As at 31 December 1977)

DATE OF DATE OF DATE OF MEMBER ADMISSION MEMBER ADMISSION MEMBER ADMISSION

Afghanistan 19 Nov. 1946 Ghana 8 Mar. 1957 Peru 31 Oct. 1945 Albania 14 Dec. 1955 Greece 25 Oct. 1945 Philippines 24 Oct. 1945 Algeria 8 Oct. 1962 Grenada 17 Sep. 1974 Poland 24 Oct. 1945 Angola 1 Dec. 1976 Guatemala 21 Nov. 1945 Portugal 14 Dec. 1955 Argentina 24 Oct. 1945 Guinea 12 Dec. 1958 Qatar 21 Sep. 1971 Australia 1 Nov. 1945 Guinea-Bissau 17 Sep. 1974 Romania 14 Dec. 1955 Austria 14 Dec. 1955 Guyana 20 Sep. 1966 Rwanda 18 Sep. 1962 Bahamas 18 Sep. 1973 Haiti 24 Oct. 1945 Samoa 15 Dec. 1976 Bahrain 21 Sep. 1971 Honduras 17 Dec. 1945 Sao Tome and Bangladesh 17 Sep. 1974 Hungary 14 Dec. 1955 Principe 16 Sep. 1975 Barbados 9 Dec. 1966 Iceland 19 Dec. 1946 Saudi Arabia 24 Oct. 1945 Belgium 27 Dec. 1945 India 30 Oct. 1945 Senegal 28 Sep. 1960 Benin 20 Sep. 1960 Indonesia2 28 Sep. 1950 Seychelles 21 Sep. 1976 Bhutan 21 Sep. 1971 Iran 24 Oct. 1945 Sierra Leone 27 Sep. 1961 Bolivia 14 Nov. 1945 Iraq 21 Dec. 1945 Singapore4 21 Sep. 1965 Botswana 17 Oct. 1966 Ireland 14 Dec. 1955 Somalia 20 Sep. 1960 Brazil 24 Oct. 1945 Israel 11 May 1949 South Africa 7 Nov. 1945 Bulgaria 14 Dec. 1955 Italy 14 Dec. 1955 Spain 14 Dec. 1955 Burma 19 Apr. 1948 Ivory Coast 20 Sep. 1960 Sri Lanka 14 Dec. 1955 Burundi 18 Sep. 1962 Jamaica 18 Sep. 1962 Sudan 12 Nov. 1956 Byelorussian Soviet Japan 18 Dec. 1956 Surinam 4 Dec. 1975 Socialist Republic 24 Oct. 1945 Jordan 14 Dec. 1955 Swaziland 24 Sep. 1968 Canada 9 Nov. 1945 Kenya 16 Dec. 1963 Sweden 19 Nov. 1946 Cape Verde 16 Sep. 1975 Kuwait 14 May 1963 Syrian Arab 1 Central African Lao People's Republic 24 Oct. 1945 Empire 20 Sep. 1960 Democratic Republic 14 Dec. 1955 Thailand 16 Dec. 1946 Chad 20 Sep. 1960 Lebanon 24 Oct. 1945 Togo 20 Sep. 1960 Chile 24 Oct. 1945 Lesotho 17 Oct. 1966 Trinidad and China 24 Oct. 1945 Liberia 2 Nov. 1945 Tobago 18 Sep. 1962 Colombia 5 Nov. 1945 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya3 14 Dec. 1955 Tunisia 12 Nov. 1956 Comoros 12 Nov. 1975 Luxembourg 24 Oct. 1945 Turkey 24 Oct. 1945 Congo 20 Sep. 1960 Madagascar 20 Sep. 1960 Uganda 25 Oct. 1962 Costa Rica 2 Nov. 1945 Malawi 1 Dec. 1964 Ukrainian Soviet Cuba 24 Oct. 1945 Malaysia4 17 Sep. 1957 Socialist Republic 24 Oct. 1945 Cyprus 20 Sep. 1960 Maldives 21 Sep. 1965 Union of Soviet Czechoslovakia 24 Oct. 1945 Mali 28 Sep. 1960 Socialist Republics 24 Oct. 1945 Democratic Kampuchea 14 Dec. 1955 Malta 1 Dec. 1964 United Arab Emirates 9 Dec. 1971 Democratic Yemen 14 Dec. 1967 Mauritania 27 Oct. 1961 United Kingdom Denmark 24 Oct. 1945 Mauritius 24 Apr. 1968 of Great Britain and Djibouti 20 Sep. 1977 Mexico 7 Nov. 1945 Northern Ireland 24 Oct. 1945 Dominican Republic 24 Oct. 1945 Mongolia 27 Oct. 1961 United Republic Ecuador 21 Dec. 1945 Morocco 12 Nov. 1956 of Cameroon 20 Sep. 1960 Egypt1 24 Oct. 1945 Mozambique 16 Sep. 1975 United Republic 5 El Salvador 24 Oct. 1945 Nepal 14 Dec. 1955 of Tanzania 14 Dec. 1961 Equatorial Guinea 12 Nov. 1968 Netherlands 10 Dec. 1945 United States Ethiopia 13 Nov. 1945 New Zealand 24 Oct. 1945 of America 24 Oct. 1945 Fiji 13 Oct. 1970 Nicaragua 24 Oct. 1945 Upper Volta 20 Sep. 1960 Finland 14 Dec. 1955 Niger 20 Sep. 1960 Uruguay 18 Dec. 1945 France 24 Oct. 1945 Nigeria 7 Oct. 1960 Venezuela 15 Nov. 1945 Gabon 20 Sep. 1960 Norway 27 Nov. 1945 Viet Nam 20 Sep. 1977 Gambia 21 Sep. 1965 Oman 7 Oct. 1971 Yemen 30 Sep. 1947 German Democratic Pakistan 30 Sep. 1947 Yugoslavia 24 Oct. 1945 Republic 18 Sep. 1973 Panama 13 Nov. 1945 Zaire 20 Sep. 1960 Germany, Federal Papua New Guinea 10 Oct. 1975 Zambia 1 Dec. 1964 Republic of 18 Sep. 1973 Paraguay 24 Oct. 1945

1 Egypt and Syria, both of which became Members of the United Nations on 24 October 1945, joined together—following a plebiscite held in those countries on 21 February 1958—to form the United Arab Republic. On 13 October 1961, the Syrian Arab Republic, having (footnotes continued on next page) 1180 Appendix I

(Footnotes-continued from preceding page)

resumed its status as an independent State, also resumed its separate membership in the United Nations. The United Arab Republic continued as a Member of the United Nations and reverted to the name of Egypt on 2 September 1971. By a letter of 20 January 1965, Indonesia informed the Secretary-General that it had decided to withdraw from the United Nations. 2 By a telegram of 19 September 1966, it notified the Secretary-General of its decision to resume participation in the activities of the United Nations. On 28 September 1966, the General Assembly took note of that decision and the President invited the representatives of Indonesia to take their seats in the Assembly. By notes verbales of 1 and 21 April 1977, the Libyan Arab Republic advised that it had changed its name to the Socialist People's 3 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. On 16 September 1963, Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore joined with the Federation of Malaya (which became a United4 Nations Member on 17 September 1957) to form Malaysia. On 9 August 1965, Singapore became an independent State and on 21 September 1965 it became a Member of the United Nations. Tanganyika was a Member of the United Nations from 14 December 1961, and Zanzibar, from 16 December 1963. Following the 5 ratification, on 26 April 1964, of Articles of Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar continued as a single Member of the United Nations; on 1 November 1964, it changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania. The Charter of the United Nations 1181

Appendix II The Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the International Court of Justice

The Charter of the United Nations

NOTE: The Charter of the United Nations was signed on 26 June (formerly seven), including the concurring votes of the five per- 1945, in San Francisco, at the conclusion of the United Nations manent members of the Security Council. Conference on International Organization, and came into force on The amendment to Article 61, which entered into force on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice 31 August 1965, enlarged the membership of the Economic and is an integral part of the Charter. Social Council from 18 to 27. The subsequent amendment to that Article, which entered into force on 24 September 1973, further increased the membership of the Council from 27 to 54. Amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter were The amendment to Article 109, which relates to the first para- adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 1963 and graph of that Article, provides that a General Conference of came into force on 31 August 1965. A further amendment to Arti- Member States for the purpose of reviewing the Charter may be cle 61 was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the 1971, and came into force on 24 September 1973. An amend- members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine ment to Article 109, adopted by the General Assembly on 20 De- members (formerly seven) of the Security Council. Paragraph 3 of cember 1965, came into force on 12 June 1968. Article 109, which deals with the consideration of a possible re- The amendment to Article 23 enlarges the membership of the view conference during the tenth regular session of the General Security Council from 11 to 15. The amended Article 27 provides Assembly, has been retained in its original form in its reference to that decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall a "vote of any seven members of the Security Council", the para- be made by an affirmative vote of nine members (formerly seven) graph having been acted upon in 1955 by the General Assembly, and on all other matters by an affirmative vote of nine members at its tenth regular session, and by the Security Council.

WE THE PEOPLES Chapter I OF THE UNITED NATIONS PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES DETERMINED to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which Article 1 twice in our life-time has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and The Purposes of the United Nations are: to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and 1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and women and of nations large and small, and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by obligations arising from treaties and other sources of interna- peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice tional law can be maintained, and and international law, adjustment or settlement of international to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace; freedom, 2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on re- spect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of AND FOR THESE ENDS peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another universal peace; as good neighbours, and 3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian char- and acter, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the to race, sex, language, or religion; and common interest, and 4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the to employ international machinery for the promotion of the eco- attainment of these common ends. nomic and social advancement of all peoples, Article 2 HAVE RESOLVED TO The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Prin- ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS ciples. Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representa- 1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign tives assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhib- equality of all its Members. ited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have 2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfil in good faith the hereby establish an international organization to be known obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present as the United Nations. Charter. 1182 Appendix II

3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by CHAPTER IV peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY security, and justice, are not endangered. 4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from Composition the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent Article 9 with the Purposes of the United Nations. 1. The General Assembly shall consist of all the Members of 5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance the United Nations. in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and 2. Each Member shall have not more than five representa- shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the tives in the General Assembly. United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action. 6. The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Functions and powers Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of Article 10 international peace and security. The General Assembly may discuss any questions or any 7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize matters within the scope of the present Charter or relating to the the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially powers and functions of any organs provided for in the present within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Charter, and, except as provided in Article 12, may make recom- Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present mendations to the Members of the United Nations or to the Secu- Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice the application of rity Council or to both on any such questions or matters. enforcement measures under Chapter VII. Article 11 Chapter II 1. The General Assembly may consider the general principles MEMBERSHIP of co-operation in the maintenance of international peace and se- curity, including the principles governing disarmament and the Article 3 regulation of armaments, and may make recommendations with The original Members of the United Nations shall be the states regard to such principles to the Members or to the Security which, having participated in the United Nations Conference on Council or to both. International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously 2. The General Assembly may discuss any questions relating signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign to the maintenance of international peace and security brought the present Charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110. before it by any Member of the United Nations, or by the Security Council, or by a state which is not a Member of the United Na- Article 4 tions in accordance with Article 35, paragraph 2, and, except as 1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all other provided in Article 12, may make recommendations with regard to peace-loving states which accept the obligations contained in the any such questions to the state or states concerned or to the present Charter and, in the judgment of the Organization, are able Security Council or to both. Any such question on which action is and willing to carry out these obligations. necessary shall be referred to the Security Council by the General 2. The admission of any such state to membership in the Assembly either before or after discussion. United Nations will be effected by a decision of the General Assem- 3. The General Assembly may call the attention of the Secu- bly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. rity Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security. Article 5 4. The powers of the General Assembly set forth in this Article A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or shall not limit the general scope of Article 10. enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of Article 12 membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation 1. While the Security Council is exercising in respect of any of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privi- dispute or situation the functions assigned to it in the present leges may be restored by the Security Council. Charter, the General Assembly shall not make any recommenda- tion with regard to that dispute or situation unless the Security Article 6 Council so requests. A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated 2. The Secretary-General, with the consent of the Security the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled Council, shall notify the General Assembly at each session of any from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recom- matters relative to the maintenance of international peace and mendation of the Security Council. security which are being dealt with by the Security Council and shall similarly notify the General Assembly, or the Members of the United Nations if the General Assembly is not in session, imme- Chapter III diately the Security Council ceases to deal with such matters. ORGANS Article 13 Article 7 1. The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make 1. There are established as the principal organs of the United recommendations for the purpose of: Nations: a General Assembly, a Security Council, an Economic a. promoting international co-operation in the political field and and Social Council, a Trusteeship Council, an International Court encouraging the progressive development of international of Justice, and a Secretariat. law and its codification; 2. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may b. promoting international co-operation in the economic, social, be established in accordance with the present Charter. cultural, educational, and health fields, and assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms for all Article 8 without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. The United Nations shall place no restrictions on the eligibility 2. The further responsibilities, functions and powers of the of men and women to participate in any capacity and under General Assembly with respect to matters mentioned in conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs. paragraph 1 (b) above are set forth in Chapters IX and X. The Charter of the United Nations 1183

Article 14 quest of the Security Council or of a majority of the Members of Subject to the provisions of Article 12, the General Assembly the United Nations. may recommend measures for the peaceful adjustment of any situation, regardless of origin, which it deems likely to impair the Article 21 general welfare or friendly relations among nations, including The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure. It situations resulting from a violation of the provisions of the shall elect its President for each session. present Charter setting forth the Purposes and Principles of the United Nations. Article 22 The General Assembly may establish such subsidiary organs Article 15 as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions. 1. The General Assembly shall receive and consider annual and special reports from the Security Council; these reports shall Chapter V include an account of the measures that the Security Council has THE SECURITY COUNCIL decided upon or taken to maintain international peace and secu- rity. Composition 2. The General Assembly shall receive and consider reports from the other organs of the United Nations. Article 231 1. The Security Council shall consist of fifteen Members of the Article 16 United Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of So- The General Assembly shall perform such functions with viet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and respect to the international trusteeship system as are assigned Northern Ireland, and the United States of America shall be per- to it under Chapters XII and XIII, including the approval of the manent members of the Security Council. The General Assembly trusteeship agreements for areas not designated as strategic. shall elect ten other Members of the United Nations to be non- permanent members of the Security Council, due regard being Article 17 specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of Members 1. The General Assembly shall consider and approve the of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace budget of the Organization. and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and 2. The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the also to equitable geographical distribution. Members as apportioned by the General Assembly. 2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall 3. The General Assembly shall consider and approve any fi- be elected for a term of two years. In the first election of the non- nancial and budgetary arrangements with specialized agencies permanent members after the increase of the membership of the referred to in Article 57 and shall examine the administrative bud- Security Council from eleven to fifteen, two of the four additional gets of such specialized agencies with a view to making recom- members shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring mem- mendations to the agencies concerned. ber shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. 3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one repre- Voting sentative. Article 18 1. Each member of the General Assembly shall have one Functions and powers vote. 2. Decisions of the General Assembly on important questions Article 24 shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present 1. In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary re- respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, sponsibility for the maintenance of international peace and secu- the election of the non-permanent members of the Security rity, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibi- Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social lity the Security Council acts on their behalf. Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in 2. In discharging these duties the Security Council shall act in accordance with paragraph 1(c) of Article 86, the admission of accordance with the Purposes and Principles of the United Na- new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights tions. The specific powers granted to the Security Council for the and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, ques- discharge of these duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, Vlll, tions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and bud- and XII. getary questions. 3. The Security Council shall submit annual and, when nec- 3. Decisions on other questions, including the determination essary, special reports to the General Assembly for its consider- of additional categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds ation. majority, shall be made by a majority of the members present and voting. 1 Amended text of Article 23 which came into force on 31 August 1965. Article 19 (The text of Article 23 before it was amended read as follows: A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the pay- 1. The Security Council shall consist of eleven Members of the United ment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have Nations. The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Re- publics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears United States of America shall be permanent members of the Security equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for Council. The General Assembly shall elect six other Members of the the preceding two full years. The General Assembly may, never- United Nations to be non-permanent members of the Security Council, due theless, permit such a Member to vote if it is satisfied that the regard being specially paid, in the first instance to the contribution of failure to pay is due to conditions beyond the control of the Mem- Members of the United Nations to the maintenance of international peace ber. and security and to the other purposes of the Organization, and also to equitable geographical distribution. 2. The non-permanent members of the Security Council shall be elec- Procedure ted for a term of two years. In the first election of non-permanent mem- Article 20 bers, however, three shall be chosen for a term of one year. A retiring The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions member shall not be eligible for immediate re-election. and in such special sessions as occasion may require. Special 3. Each member of the Security Council shall have one representa- sessions shall be convoked by the Secretary-General at the re- tive.) 1184 Appendix II

Article 25 resort to regional agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry means of their own choice. out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the 2. The Security Council shall, when it deems necessary, call present Charter. upon the parties to settle their dispute by such means.

Article 26 Article 34 In order to promote the establishment and maintenance of in- The Security Council may investigate any dispute, or any situa- ternational peace and security with the least diversion for arma- tion which might lead to international friction or give rise to a dis- ments of the world's human and economic resources, the Secu- pute, in order to determine whether the continuance of the dispute rity Council shall be responsible for formulating, with the assist- or situation is likely to endanger the maintenance of international ance of the Military Staff Committee referred to in Article 47, peace and security. plans to be submitted to the Members of the United Nations for the establishment of a system for the regulation of armaments. Article 35 1. Any Member of the United Nations may bring any dispute, Voting or any situation of the nature referred to in Article 34, to the atten- tion of the Security Council or of the General Assembly. Article 272 2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may 1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. bring to the attention of the Security Council or of the General 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters Assembly any dispute to which it is a party if it accepts in ad- shall be made by an affirmative vote of nine members. vance, for the purposes of the dispute, the obligations of pacific 3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall settlement provided in the present Charter. be made by an affirmative vote of nine members including the 3. The proceedings of the General Assembly in respect of concurring votes of the permanent members; provided that, in de- matters brought to its attention under this Article will be subject to cisions under Chapter VI, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a the provisions of Articles 11 and 12. party to a dispute shall abstain from voting. Article 36 Procedure 1. The Security Council may, at any stage of a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 or of a situation of like nature, Article 28 recommend appropriate procedures or methods of adjustment. 1. The Security Council shall be so organized as to be able to 2. The Security Council should take into consideration any function continuously. Each member of the Security Council shall procedures for the settlement of the dispute which have already for this purpose be represented at all times at the seat of the been adopted by the parties. Organization. 3. In making recommendations under this Article the Security 2. The Security Council shall hold periodic meetings at which Council should also take into consideration that legal disputes each of its members may, if it so desires, be represented by a should as a general rule be referred by the parties to the Interna- member of the government or by some other specially designated tional Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the representative. Statute of the Court. 3. The Security Council may hold meetings at such places other than the seat of the Organization as in its judgment will best Article 37 facilitate its work. 1. Should the parties to a dispute of the nature referred to in Article 33 fail to settle it by the means indicated in that Article, Article 29 they shall refer it to the Security Council. The Security Council may establish such subsidiary organs as 2. If the Security Council deems that the continuance of the it deems necessary for the performance of its functions dispute is in fact likely to endanger the maintenance of interna- tional peace and security, it shall decide whether to take action Article 30 under Article 36 or to recommend such terms of settlement as it The Security Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure, may consider appropriate. including the method of selecting its President. Article 38 Article 31 Without prejudice to the provisions of Articles 33 to 37, the Se- Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of curity Council may, if all the parties to any dispute so request, the Security Council may participate, without vote, in the discus- make recommendations to the parties with a view to a pacific set- sion of any question brought before the Security Council when- tlement of the dispute. ever the latter considers that the interests of that Member are spe- cially affected. Chapter VII ACTION WITH RESPECT TO THREATS TO Article 32 THE PEACE, BREACHES OF Any Member of the United Nations which is not a member of THE PEACE, AND ACTS OF AGGRESSION the Security Council or any state which is not a Member of the United Nations, if it is a party to a dispute under consideration by Article 39 the Security Council, shall be invited to participate, without vote, The Security Council shall determine the existence of any in the discussion relating to the dispute. The Security Council threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall lay down such conditions as it deems just for the participa- shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be tion of a state which is not a Member of the United Nations. 2 Amended text of Article 27 which came into force on 31 August 1965. Chapter VI (The text of Article 27 before it was amended read as follows: PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 1. Each member of the Security Council shall have one vote. 2. Decisions of the Security Council on procedural matters shall be made by an affirmative vote of seven members. Article 33 3. Decisions of the Security Council on all other matters shall be made 1. The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is by an affirmative vote of seven members including the concurring votes of likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and the permanent members; provided that, in decisions under Chapter VI, security, shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, and under paragraph 3 of Article 52, a party to a dispute shall abstain from enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, voting.) The Charter of the United Nations 1185 taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or re- the Security Council's military requirements for the maintenance store international peace and security. of international peace and security, the employment and command of forces placed at its disposal, the regulation of arma- Article 40 ments, and possible disarmament. In order to prevent an aggravation of the situation, the Security 2. The Military Staff Committee shall consist of the Chiefs of Council may, before making the recommendations or deciding Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their upon the measures provided for in Article 39, call upon the parties representatives. Any Member of the United Nations not perma- concerned to comply with such provisional measures as it deems nently represented on the Committee shall be invited by the necessary or desirable. Such provisional measures shall be Committee to be associated with it when the efficient discharge of without prejudice to the rights, claims, or position of the parties the Committee's responsibilities requires the participation of that concerned. The Security Council shall duly take account of failure Member in its work. to comply with such provisional measures. 3. The Military Staff Committee shall be responsible under the Security Council for the strategic direction of any armed forces Article 41 placed at the disposal of the Security Council. Questions relating The Security Council may decide what measures not involving to the command of such forces shall be worked out subsequently. the use of armed force are to be employed to give effect to its 4. The Military Staff Committee, with the authorization of the decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United Na- Security Council and after consultation with appropriate regional tions to apply such measures. These may include complete or agencies, may establish regional sub-committees. partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, Article 48 and the severance of diplomatic relations. 1. The action required to carry out the decisions of the Secu- rity Council for the maintenance of international peace and secu- Article 42 rity shall be taken by all the Members of the United Nations or by Should the Security Council consider that measures provided some of them, as the Security Council may determine. for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inade- 2. Such decisions shall be carried out by the Members of the quate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may United Nations directly and through their action in the appropriate be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and secu- international agencies of which they are members. rity. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Article 49 Nations. The Members of the United Nations shall join in affording mu- tual assistance in carrying out the measures decided upon by the Article 43 Security Council. 1. All Members of the United Nations, in order to contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security, undertake to Article 50 make available to the Security Council, on its call and in accord- If preventive or enforcement measures against any state are ance with a special agreement or agreements, armed forces, taken by the Security Council, any other state, whether a Member assistance, and facilities, including rights of passage, necessary of the United Nations or not, which finds itself confronted with for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security. special economic problems arising from the carrying out of those 2. Such agreement or agreements shall govern the numbers measures shall have the right to consult the Security Council with and types of forces, their degree of readiness and general loca- regard to a solution of those problems. tion, and the nature of the facilities and assistance to be provided. 3. The agreement or agreements shall be negotiated as soon Article 51 as possible on the initiative of the Security Council. They shall be Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of concluded between the Security Council and Members or individual or collective self-defence if an armed attack occurs between the Security Council and groups of Members and shall against a Member of the United Nations, until the Security Council be subject to ratification by the signatory states in accordance has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace with their respective constitutional processes. and security. Measures taken by Members in the exercise of this right of self-defence shall be immediately reported to the Security Article 44 Council and shall not in any way affect the authority and respon- When the Security Council has decided to use force it shall, sibility of the Security Council under the present Charter to take at before calling upon a Member not represented on it to provide any time such action as it deems necessary in order to maintain armed forces in fulfilment of the obligations assumed under Arti- or restore international peace and security. cle 43, invite that Member, if the Member so desires, to partici- pate in the decisions of the Security Council concerning the em- Chapter Vlll ployment of contingents of that Member's armed forces. REGIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Article 45 Article 52 In order to enable the United Nations to take urgent military 1. Nothing in the present Charter precludes the existence of measures, Members shall hold immediately available national regional arrangements or agencies for dealing with such matters air-force contingents for combined international enforcement ac- relating to the maintenance of international peace and security as tion. The strength and degree of readiness of these contingents are appropriate for regional action, provided that such arrange- and plans for their combined action shall be determined, within ments or agencies and their activities are consistent with the Pur- the limits laid down in the special agreement or agreements re- poses and Principles of the United Nations. ferred to in Article 43, by the Security Council with the assistance of 2. The Members of the United Nations entering into such ar- the Military Staff Committee. rangements or constituting such agencies shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through such re- Article 46 gional arrangements or by such regional agencies before Plans for the application of armed force shall be made by the referring them to the Security Council. Security Council with the assistance of the Military Staff Commit- 3. The Security Council shall encourage the development of tee. pacific settlement of local disputes through such regional ar- Article 47 rangements or by such regional agencies either on the initia- 1. There shall be established a Military Staff Committee to tive of the states concerned or by reference from the Security advise and assist the Security Council on all questions relating to Council. 1186 Appendix II

4. This Article in no way impairs the application of Articles 34 Assembly and, under the authority of the General Assembly, in and 35. the Economic and Social Council, which shall have for this pur- pose the powers set forth in Chapter X. Article 53 1. The Security Council shall, where appropriate, utilize such regional arrangements or agencies for enforcement action under Chapter X its authority. But no enforcement action shall be taken under re- THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL gional arrangements or by regional agencies without the authori- zation of the Security Council, with the exception of measures Composition against any enemy state, as defined in paragraph 2 of this Article, provided for pursuant to Article 107 or in regional arrangements Article 613 directed against renewal of aggressive policy on the part of any 1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of fifty-four such state, until such time as the Organization may, on request of Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly. the Governments concerned, be charged with the responsibility 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, eighteen mem- for preventing further aggression by such a state. bers of the Economic and Social Council shall be elected each 2. The term enemy state as used in paragraph 1 of this Article year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible applies to any state which during the Second World War has for immediate re-election. been an enemy of any signatory of the present Charter. 3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Economic and Social Council from twenty-seven to fifty-four Article 54 members, in addition to the members elected in place of the nine The Security Council shall at all times be kept fully informed of members whose term of office expires at the end of that year, activities undertaken or in contemplation under regional arrange- twenty-seven additional members shall be elected. Of these ments or by regional agencies for the maintenance of interna- twenty-seven additional members, the term of office of nine tional peace and security. members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of nine other members at the end of two years, in accordance with Chapter IX arrangements made by the General Assembly. INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC 4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall AND SOCIAL CO-OPERATION have one representative.

Article 55 Functions and powers With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well- being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations Article 62 among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights 1. The Economic and Social Council may make or initiate stud- and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall pro- ies and reports with respect to international economic, social, mote: cultural, educational, health, and related matters and may make a. higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions recommendations with respect to any such matters to the General of economic and social progress and development; Assembly, to the Members of the United Nations, and to the spe- b. solutions of international economic, social, health, and re- cialized agencies concerned. lated problems; and international cultural and educational 2. It may make recommendations for the purpose of pro- co-operation; and moting respect for, and observance of, human rights and funda- c. universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and mental freedoms for all. fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, 3. It may prepare draft conventions for submission to the sex, language, or religion. General Assembly, with respect to matters falling with its compe- tence. Article 56 4. It may call, in accordance with the rules prescribed by the All Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate ac- United Nations, international conferences on matters falling within tion in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of its competence. the purposes set forth in Article 55. Article 63 Article 57 1. The Economic and Social Council may enter into agree- 1. The various specialized agencies, established by inter- ments with any of the agencies referred to in Article 57, defining governmental agreement and having wide international respon- the terms on which the agency concerned shall be brought into sibilities, as defined in their basic instruments, in economic, social, relationship with the United Nations. Such agreements shall be cultural, educational, health, and related fields, shall be brought subject to approval by the General Assembly. into relationship with the United Nations in accordance with the provisions of Article 63. 3 2. Such agencies thus brought into relationship with the Amended text of Article 61, which came into force on 24 September United Nations are hereinafter referred to as specialized agencies. 1973. (The text of Article 61 as previously amended on 31 August 1965 read as Article 58 follows: The Organization shall make recommendations for the co- 1. The Economic and Social Council shall consist of twenty-seven ordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agen- Members of the United Nations elected by the General Assembly. 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, nine members of the Eco- cies. nomic and Social Council shall be elected each year for a term of three years. A retiring member shall be eligible for immediate re-election. Article 59 3. At the first election after the increase in the membership of the Eco- The Organization shall, where appropriate, initiate negotiations nomic and Social Council from eighteen to twenty-seven members, in ad- among the states concerned for the creation of any new special- dition to the members elected in place of the six members whose term of ized agencies required for the accomplishment of the purposes office expires at the end of that year, nine additional members shall be set forth in Article 55. elected. Of these nine additional members, the term of office of three members so elected shall expire at the end of one year, and of three other members at the end of two years, in accordance with arrangements made Article 60 by the General Assembly. Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organi- 4. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall have one zation set forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General representative.) The Charter of the United Nations 1187

2. It may co-ordinate the activities of the specialized agencies convening of meetings on the request of a majority of its mem- through consultation with and recommendations to such agencies bers. and through recommendations to the General Assembly and to the Members of the United Nations. Chapter XI DECLARATION REGARDING Article 64 NON-SELF-GOVERNING TERRITORIES 1. The Economic and Social Council may take appropriate steps to obtain regular reports from the specialized agencies. It Article 73 may make arrangements with the Members of the United Nations Members of the United Nations which have or assume respon- and with the specialized agencies to obtain reports on the steps sibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have taken to give effect to its own recommendations and to recom- not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the mendations on matters falling within its competence made by the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories General Assembly. are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to 2. It may communicate its observations on these reports to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace the General Assembly. and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of these territories, and, to this end: Article 65 a. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples The Economic and Social Council may furnish information to concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational the Security Council and shall assist the Security Council upon its advancement, their just treatment, and their protection request. against abuses; b. to develop self-government, to take due account of the poli- Article 66 tical aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the 1. The Economic and Social Council shall perform such func- progressive development of their free political institutions, tions as fall within its competence in connexion with the carrying according to the particular circumstances of each territory out of the recommendations of the General Assembly. and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement; 2. It may, with the approval of the General Assembly, perform c. to further international peace and security; services at the request of Members of the United Nations and at d. to promote constructive measures of development, to en- the request of specialized agencies. courage research, and to co-operate with one another and, 3. It shall perform such other functions as are specified when and where appropriate, with specialized international elsewhere in the present Charter or as may be assigned to it by the bodies with a view to the practical achievement of the social, General Assembly. economic, and scientific purposes set forth in this Article; and Voting e. to transmit regularly to the Secretary-General for information purposes, subject to such limitation as security and consti- Article 67 tutional considerations may require, statistical and other in- 1. Each member of the Economic and Social Council shall formation of a technical nature relating to economic, social, have one vote. and educational conditions in the territories for which they 2. Decisions of the Economic and Social Council shall be are respectively responsible other than those territories to made by a majority of the members present and voting. which Chapters XII and XIII apply.

Procedure Article 74 Members of the United Nations also agree that their policy in Article 68 respect of the territories to which this Chapter applies, no less The Economic and Social Council shall set up commissions in than in respect of their metropolitan areas, must be based on the economic and social fields and for the promotion of human rights, general principle of good-neighbourliness, due account being and such other commissions as may be required for the perfor- taken of the interests and well-being of the rest of the world, in mance of its functions. social, economic, and commercial matters.

Article 69 The Economic and Social Council shall invite any Member of Chapter XII the United Nations to participate, without vote, in its deliberations INTERNATIONAL TRUSTEESHIP SYSTEM on any matter of particular concern to that Member. Article 75 Article 70 The United Nations shall establish under its authority an inter- The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for national trusteeship system for the administration and supervision representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without of such territories as may be placed thereunder by subsequent vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions individual agreements. These territories are hereinafter referred to established by it, and for its representatives to participate in as trust territories. the deliberations of the specialized agencies. Article 76 Article 71 The basic objectives of the trusteeship system, in accordance The Economic and Social Council may make suitable arrange- with the Purposes of the United Nations laid down in Article 1 of ments for consultation with non-governmental organizations the present Charter, shall be: which are concerned with matters within its competence. Such a. to further international peace and security; arrangements may be made with international organizations and, b. to promote the political, economic, social, and educational where appropriate, with national organizations after consultation advancement of the inhabitants of the trust territories, and with the Member of the United Nations concerned. their progressive development towards self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular cir- Article 72 cumstances of each territory and its peoples and the freely 1. The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules expressed wishes of the peoples concerned, and as may be of procedure, including the method of selecting its President. provided by the terms of each trusteeship agreement; 2. The Economic and Social Council shall meet as required in c. to encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental accordance with its rules, which shall include provision for the freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, Ian- 1188 Appendix II

guage, or religion, and to encourage recognition of the perform those functions of the United Nations under the trust- interdependence of the peoples of the world; and eeship system relating to political, economic, social, and educa- d. to ensure equal treatment in social, economic, and commer- tional matters in the strategic areas. cial matters for all Members of the United Nations and their nationals, and also equal treatment for the latter in the ad- Article 84 ministration of justice, without prejudice to the attainment It shall be the duty of the administering authority to ensure that of the foregoing objectives and subject to the provisions of the trust territory shall play its part in the maintenance of interna- Article 80. tional peace and security. To this end the administering authority may make use of volunteer forces, facilities, and assistance from Article 77 the trust territory in carrying out the obligations towards the Secu- 1. The trusteeship system shall apply to such territories in the rity Council undertaken in this regard by the administering autho- following categories as may be placed thereunder by means of rity, as well as for local defence and the maintenance of law and trusteeship agreements: order within the trust territory. a. territories now held under mandate; b. territories which may be detached from enemy states as a Article 85 result of the Second World War; and 1. The functions of the United Nations with regard to trust- c. territories voluntarily placed under the system by states re- eeship agreements for all areas not designated as strategic, in- sponsible for their administration. cluding the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements 2. It will be a matter for subsequent agreement as to which and of their alteration or amendment, shall be exercised by the territories in the foregoing categories will be brought under the General Assembly. trusteeship system and upon what terms. 2. The Trusteeship Council, operating under the authority of the General Assembly, shall assist the General Assembly in car- Article 78 rying out these functions. The trusteeship system shall not apply to territories which have become Members of the United Nations, relationship among which shall be based on respect for the principle of sovereign Chapter XIII equality. THE TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

Article 79 Composition The terms of trusteeship for each territory to be placed under the trusteeship system, including any alteration or amendment, Article 86 shall be agreed upon by the states directly concerned, including 1. The Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following the mandatory power in the case of territories held under man- Members of the United Nations: date by a Member of the United Nations, and shall be approved a. those Members administering trust territories; as provided for in Articles 83 and 85. b. such of those Members mentioned by name in Article 23 as are not administering trust territories; and Article 80 c. as many other Members elected for three-year terms by the 1. Except as may be agreed upon in individual trusteeship General Assembly as may be necessary to ensure that the agreements, made under Articles 77, 79, and 81, placing each total number of members of the Trusteeship Council is territory under the trusteeship system, and until such agreements equally divided between those Members of the United Na- have been concluded, nothing in this Chapter shall be construed tions which administer trust territories and those which do in or of itself to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any not. states or any peoples or the terms of existing international instru- 2. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall designate ments to which Members of the United Nations may respectively one specially qualified person to represent it therein. be parties. 2. Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not be interpreted as giving Functions and powers grounds for delay or postponement of the negotiation and conclu- sion of agreements for placing mandated and other territories Article 87 under the trusteeship system as provided for in Article 77. The General Assembly and, under its authority, the Trusteeship Council, in carrying out their functions, may: Article 81 a. consider reports submitted by the administering authority; The trusteeship agreement shall in each case include the terms b. accept petitions and examine them in consultation with the under which the trust territory will be administered and designate administering authority; the authority which will exercise the administration of the trust ter- c. provide for periodic visits to the respective trust territories at ritory. Such authority, hereinafter called the administering autho- times agreed upon with the administering authority; and rity, may be one or more states or the Organization itself. d. take these and other actions in conformity with the terms of the trusteeship agreements. Article 82 There may be designated, in any trusteeship agreement, a Article 88 strategic area or areas which may include part or all of the trust The Trusteeship Council shall formulate a questionnaire on the territory to which the agreement applies, without prejudice to any political, economic, social, and educational advancement of the special agreement or agreements made under Article 43. inhabitants of each trust territory, and the administering authority for each trust territory within the competence of the General As- Article 83 sembly shall make an annual report to the General Assembly 1. All functions of the United Nations relating to strategic upon the basis of such questionnaire. areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and of their alteration or amendments, shall be exer- Voting cised by the Security Council. 2. The basic objectives set forth in Article 76 shall be applica- Article 89 ble to the people of each strategic area. 1. Each member of the Trusteeship Council shall have one 3. The Security Council shall, subject to the provisions of the vote. trusteeship agreements and without prejudice to security consid- 2. Decisions of the Trusteeship Council shall be made by a erations, avail itself of the assistance of the Trusteeship Council to majority of the members present and voting. The Charter of the United Nations 1189

Procedure mic and Social Council, and of the Trusteeship Council, and shall perform such other functions as are entrusted to him by these Article 90 organs. The Secretary-General shall make an annual report to the 1. The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of proce- General Assembly on the work of the Organization. dure, including the method of selecting its President. 2. The Trusteeship Council shall meet as required in accor- Article 99 dance with its rules, which shall include provision for the con- The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Secu- vening of meetings on the request of a majority of its members. rity Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security. Article 91 The Trusteeship Council shall, when appropriate, avail itself of Article 100 the assistance of the Economic and Social Council and of the 1. In the performance of their duties the Secretary-General specialized agencies in regard to matters with which they are re- and the staff shall not seek or receive instructions from any spectively concerned. government or from any other authority external to the Organization. They shall refrain from any action which might reflect on their po- sition as international officials responsible only to the Organiza- Chapter XIV tion. THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE 2. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Article 92 Secretary-General and the staff and not to seek to influence them The International Court of Justice shall be the principal judicial in the discharge of their responsibilities. organ of the United Nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Per- Article 101 manent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of 1. The staff shall be appointed by the Secretary-General the present Charter. under regulations established by the General Assembly. 2. Appropriate staffs shall be permanently assigned to the Article 93 Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, and, as 1. All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to required, to other organs of the United Nations. These staffs shall the Statute of the International Court of Justice. form a part of the Secretariat. 2. A state which is not a Member of the United Nations may 3. The paramount consideration in the employment of the become a party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be on conditions to be determined in each case by the General As- the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, sembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the im- portance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as Article 94 possible. 1. Each Member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decision of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party. Chapter XVI 2. If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations in- MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS cumbent upon it under a judgment rendered by the Court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which Article 102 may, if it deems necessary, make recommendations or decide 1. Every treaty and every international agreement entered into upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment. by any Member of the United Nations after the present Charter comes into force shall as soon as possible be registered with the Article 95 Secretariat and published by it. Nothing in the present Charter shall prevent Members of the 2. No party to any such treaty or international agreement United Nations from entrusting the solution of their differences to which has not been registered in accordance with the provisions other tribunals by virtue of agreements already in existence or of paragraph 1 of this Article may invoke that treaty or agreement which may be concluded in the future. before any organ of the United Nations.

Article 96 Article 103 1. The General Assembly or the Security Council may request In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the Mem- the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on bers of the United Nations under the present Charter and their any legal question. obligations under any other international agreement, their obliga- 2. Other organs of the United Nations and specialized agen- tions under the present Charter shall prevail. cies, which may at any time be so authorized by the General As- sembly, may also request advisory opinions of the Court on legal Article 104 questions arising within the scope of their activities. The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Mem- bers such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes. Chapter XV THE SECRETARIAT Article 105 1. The Organization shall enjoy in the territory of each of its Article 97 Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary-General and such fulfilment of its purposes. staff as the Organization may require. The Secretary-General 2. Representatives of the Members of the United Nations and shall be appointed by the General Assembly upon the recom- officials of the Organization shall similarly enjoy such privileges mendation of the Security Council. He shall be the chief adminis- and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of trative officer of the Organization. their functions in connexion with the Organization. 3. The General Assembly may make recommendations with a Article 98 view to determining the details of the application of paragraphs 1 The Secretary-General shall act in that capacity in all meetings and 2 of this Article or may propose conventions to the Members of the General Assembly, of the Security Council, of the Econo- of the United Nations for this purpose. 1190 Appendix II

Chapter XVII Chapter XIX TRANSITIONAL SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS RATIFICATION AND SIGNATURE

Article 106 Article 110 Pending the coming into force of such special agreements re- 1. The present Charter shall be ratified by the signatory states ferred to in Article 43 as in the opinion of the Security Council in accordance with their respective constitutional processes. enable it to begin the exercise of its responsibilities under Arti- 2. The ratifications shall be deposited with the Government of cle 42, the parties to the Four-Nation Declaration, signed at Mos- the United States of America, which shall notify all the signatory cow, 30 October 1943, and France shall, in accordance with the states of each deposit as well as the Secretary-General of the provisions of paragraph 5 of that Declaration, consult with one Organization when he has been appointed. another and as occasion requires with other Members of the 3. The present Charter shall come into force upon the deposit United Nations with a view to such joint action on behalf of the Or- of ratifications by the Republic of China, France, the Union of So- ganization as may be necessary for the purpose of maintaining viet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and international peace and security. Northern Ireland, and the United States of America, and by a majority of the other signatory states. A protocol of the ratifica- Article 107 tions deposited shall thereupon be drawn up by the Government Nothing in the present Charter shall invalidate or preclude ac- of the United States of America which shall communicate copies tion, in relation to any state which during the Second World War thereof to all the signatory states. has been an enemy of any signatory to the present Charter, taken 4. The states signatory to the present Charter which ratify it or authorized as a result of that war by the Governments having after it has come into force will become original Members of the responsibility for such action. United Nations on the date of the deposit of their respective ratifi- cations.

Chapter XVIII Article 111 AMENDMENTS The present Charter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain de- Article 108 posited in the archives of the Government of the United States of Amendments to the present Charter shall come into force for all America. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Members of the United Nations when they have been adopted by Government to the Governments of the other signatory states. a vote of two thirds of the members of the General Assembly and ratified in accordance with their respective constitutional pro- IN FAITH WHEREOF the representatives of the Governments cesses by two thirds of the Members of the United Nations, includ- of the United Nations have signed the present Charter. ing all the permanent members of the Security Council. DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, Article 1094 one thousand nine hundred and forty-five. 1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Na- tions for the purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the 4 Amended text of Article 109 which came into force on 12 June 1968. members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any nine (The text of Article 109 before it was amended read as follows: members of the Security Council. Each Member of the United 1. A General Conference of the Members of the United Nations for the Nations shall have one vote in the conference. purpose of reviewing the present Charter may be held at a date and place 2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a to be fixed by a two-thirds vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council. Each Mem- two-thirds vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in ber of the United Nations shall have one vote in the conference. accordance with their respective constitutional processes by two 2. Any alteration of the present Charter recommended by a two-thirds thirds of the Members of the United Nations including all the per- vote of the conference shall take effect when ratified in accordance with manent members of the Security Council. their respective constitutional processes by two thirds of the Members of 3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth the United Nations including all the permanent members of the Security annual session of the General Assembly following the coming into Council. force of the present Charter, the proposal to call such a confer- 3. If such a conference has not been held before the tenth annual ses- sion of the General Assembly following the coming into force of the pres- ence shall be placed on the agenda of that session of the Gen- ent Charter, the proposal to call such a conference shall be placed on the eral Assembly, and the conference shall be held if so decided by a agenda of that session of the General Assembly, and the conference shall majority vote of the members of the General Assembly and by a be held if so decided by a majority vote of the members of the General vote of any seven members of the Security Council. Assembly and by a vote of any seven members of the Security Council.)

The Statute of the International Court of Justice

Article 1 or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE established by law. the Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in ac- Article 3 cordance with the provisions of the present Statute. 1. The Court shall consist of fifteen members, no two of whom may be nationals of the same state. Chapter I 2. A person who for the purposes of membership in the Court ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT could be regarded as a national of more than one state shall be deemed to be a national of the one in which he ordinarily exer- Article 2 cises civil and political rights. The Court shall be composed of a body of independent judges, elected regardless of their nationality from among persons of high Article 4 moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their 1. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, Assembly and by the Security Council from a list of persons nom- The Statute of the International Court of Justice 1191 inated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitra- unfilled, a joint conference consisting of six members, three ap- tion, in accordance with the following provisions. pointed by the General Assembly and three by the Security 2. In the case of Members of the United Nations not repre- Council, may be formed at any time at the request of either the sented in the Permanent Court of Arbitration, candidates shall be General Assembly or the Security Council, for the purpose of nominated by national groups appointed for this purpose by their choosing by the vote of an absolute majority one name for each governments under the same conditions as those prescribed for seat still vacant, to submit to the General Assembly and the Secu- members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration by Article 44 of rity Council for their respective acceptance. the Convention of the Hague of 1907 for the pacific settlement of 2. If the joint conference is unanimously agreed upon any international disputes. person who fulfils the required conditions, he may be included in 3. The conditions under which a state which is a party to the its list, even though he was not included in the list of nominations present Statute but is not a Member of the United Nations may referred to in Article 7. participate in electing the members of the Court shall, in the ab- 3. If the joint conference is satisfied that it will not be success- sence of a special agreement, be laid down by the General As- ful in procuring an election, those members of the Court who sembly upon recommendation of the Security Council. have already been elected shall, within a period to be fixed by the Security Council, proceed to fill the vacant seats by selection from Article 5 among those candidates who have obtained votes either in the 1. At least three months before the date of the election, the General Assembly or in the Security Council. Secretary-General of the United Nations shall address a written 4. In the event of an equality of votes among the judges, the request to the members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration eldest judge shall have a casting vote. belonging to the states which are parties to the present Statute, and to the members of the national groups appointed under Arti- Article 13 cle 4, paragraph 2, inviting them to undertake, within a given time, 1. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years by national groups, the nomination of persons in a position to ac- and may be re-elected; provided, however, that of the judges cept the duties of a member of the Court. elected at the first election, the terms of five judges shall expire at 2. No group may nominate more than four persons, not more the end of three years and the terms of five more judges shall than two of whom shall be of their own nationality. In no case may expire at the end of six years. the number of candidates nominated by a group be more than 2. The judges whose terms are to expire at the end of the double the number of seats to be filled. above-mentioned initial periods of three and six years shall be chosen by lot to be drawn by the Secretary-General immediately Article 6 after the first election has been completed. Before making these nominations, each national group is rec- 3. The members of the Court shall continue to discharge their ommended to consult its highest court of justice, its legal facul- duties until their places have been filled. Though replaced, they ties and schools of law, and its national academies and national shall finish any cases which they may have begun. sections of international academies devoted to the study of law. 4. In the case of the resignation of a member of the Court, the resignation shall be addressed to the President of the Court for Article 7 transmission to the Secretary-General. This last notification 1. The Secretary-General shall prepare a list in alphabetical makes the place vacant. order of all the persons thus nominated. Save as provided in Arti- cle 12, paragraph 2, these shall be the only persons eligible. Article 14 2. The Secretary-General shall submit this list to the General Vacancies shall be filled by the same method as that laid down Assembly and to the Security Council. for the first election, subject to the following provision: the Secretary-General shall, within one month of the occurrence of Article 8 the vacancy, proceed to issue the invitations provided for in Arti- The General Assembly and the Security Council shall proceed cle 5, and the date of the election shall be fixed by the Security independently of one another to elect the members of the Court. Council.

Article 9 Article 15 At every election, the electors shall bear in mind not only that A member of the Court elected to replace a member whose the persons to be elected should individually possess the qualifi- term of office has not expired shall hold office for the remainder of cations required, but also that in the body as a whole the repre- his predecessor's term. sentation of the main forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems of the world should be assured. Article 16 1. No member of the Court may exercise any political or ad- Article 10 ministrative function, or engage in any other occupation of a pro- 1. Those candidates who obtain an absolute majority of votes fessional nature. in the General Assembly and in the Security Council shall be 2. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of considered as elected. the Court. 2. Any vote of the Security Council, whether for the election of judges or for the appointment of members of the conference envi- Article 17 saged in Article 12, shall be taken without any distinction between 1. No member of the Court may act as agent, counsel, or ad- permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council. vocate in any case. 3. In the event of more than one national of the same state 2. No member may participate in the decision of any case in obtaining an absolute majority of the votes both of the General which he has previously taken part as agent, counsel, or advo- Assembly and of the Security Council, the eldest of these only cate for one of the parties, or as a member of a national or inter- shall be considered as elected. national court, or of a commission of enquiry, or in any other ca- pacity. Article n 3. Any doubt on this point shall be settled by the decision of If, after the first meeting held for the purpose of the election, the Court. one or more seats remain to be filled, a second and, if necessary, a third meeting shall take place. Article 18 1. No member of the Court can be dismissed unless, in the Article 12 unanimous opinion of the other members, he has ceased to fulfil 1. If, after the third meeting, one or more seats still remain the required conditions. 1192 Appendix II

2. Formal notification thereof shall be made to the Article 27 Secretary-General by the Registrar. A judgment given by any of the chambers provided for in Arti- 3. This notification makes the place vacant. cles 26 and 29 shall be considered as rendered by the Court.

Article 19 Article 28 The members of the Court, when engaged on the business of The chambers provided for in Articles 26 and 29 may, with the the Court, shall enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunities. consent of the parties, sit and exercise their functions elsewhere than at The Hague. Article 20 Every member of the Court shall, before taking up his duties, Article 29 make a solemn declaration in open court that he will exercise his With a view to the speedy dispatch of business, the Court shall powers impartially and conscientiously. form annually a chamber composed of five judges which, at the request of the parties, may hear and determine cases by sum- Article 21 mary procedure. In addition, two judges shall be selected for the 1. The Court shall elect its President and Vice-President for purpose of replacing judges who find it impossible to sit. three years; they may be re-elected. 2. The Court shall appoint its Registrar and may provide for the appointment of such other officers as may be necessary. 1. The Court shall frame rules for carrying out its functions. In Article 22 particular, it shall lay down rules of procedure. 1. The seat of the Court shall be established at The Hague. 2. The Rules of the Court may provide for assessors to sit This, however, shall not prevent the Court from sitting and exer- with the Court or with any of its chambers, without the right to cising its functions elsewhere whenever the Court considers it vote. desirable. 2. The President and the Registrar shall reside at the seat of the Court. Article 31 1. Judges of the nationality of each of the parties shall retain Article 23 their right to sit in the case before the Court. 1. The Court shall remain permanently in session, except dur- 2. If the Court includes upon the Bench a judge of the nation- ing the judicial vacations, the dates and duration of which shall ality of one of the parties, any other party may choose a person to be fixed by the Court. sit as judge. Such person shall be chosen preferably from among 2. Members of the Court are entitled to periodic leave, the those persons who have been nominated as candidates as pro- dates and duration of which shall be fixed by the Court, having in vided in Articles 4 and 5. mind the distance between The Hague and the home of each 3. If the Court includes upon the Bench no judge of the nation- judge. ality of the parties, each of these parties may proceed to choose 3. Members of the Court shall be bound, unless they are on a judge as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article. leave or prevented from attending by illness or other serious rea- 4. The provisions of this Article shall apply to the case of Arti- sons duly explained to the President, to hold themselves perma- cles 26 and 29. In such cases, the President shall request one or, nently at the disposal of the Court. if necessary, two of the members of the Court forming the cham- ber to give place to the members of the Court of the nationality of Article 24 the parties concerned, and, failing such, or if they are unable to 1. If, for some special reason, a member of the Court consid- be present, to the judges specially chosen by the parties. ers that he should not take part in the decision of a particular 5. Should there be several parties in the same interest, they case, he shall so inform the President. shall, for the purpose of the preceding provisions, be reckoned as 2. If the President considers that for some special reason one one party only. Any doubt upon this point shall be settled by the of the members of the Court should not sit in a particular case, he decision of the Court. shall give him notice accordingly. 6. Judges chosen as laid down in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4 of 3. If in any such case the member of the Court and the Presi- this Article shall fulfil the conditions required by Articles 2, 17 dent disagree, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the (paragraph 2), 20, and 24 of the present Statute. They shall take Court. part in the decision on terms of complete equality with their colleagues. Article 25 1. The full Court shall sit except when it is expressly provided otherwise in the present Statute. Article 32 2. Subject to the condition that the number of judges available 1. Each member of the Court shall receive an annual salary. to constitute the Court is not thereby reduced below eleven, the 2. The President shall receive a special annual allowance. Rules of the Court may provide for allowing one or more judges, 3. The Vice-President shall receive a special allowance for according to circumstances and in rotation, to be dispensed from every day on which he acts as President. sitting. 4. The judges chosen under Article 31, other than members of 3. A quorum of nine judges shall suffice to constitute the the Court, shall receive compensation for each day on which they Court. exercise their functions. 5. These salaries, allowances, and compensation shall be Article 26 fixed by the General Assembly. They may not be decreased dur- 1. The Court may from time to time form one or more cham- ing the term of office. bers, composed of three or more judges as the Court may deter- 6. The salary of the Registrar shall be fixed by the General mine, for dealing with particular categories of cases; for example, Assembly on the proposal of the Court. labour cases and cases relating to transit and communications. 7. Regulations made by the General Assembly shall fix the 2. The Court may at any time form a chamber for dealing with conditions under which retirement pensions may be given to a particular case. The number of judges to constitute such a members of the Court and to the Registrar, and the conditions chamber shall be determined by the Court with the approval of under which members of the Court and the Registrar shall have the parties. their travelling expenses refunded. 3. Cases shall be heard and determined by the chambers 8. The above salaries, allowances, and compensation shall provided for in this Article if the parties so request. be free of all taxation. The Statute of the International Court of Justice 1193

Article 33 Article 38 The expenses of the Court shall be borne by the United Nations 1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with in such a manner as shall be decided by the General Assembly. international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply: a. international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting Chapter II states; COMPETENCE OF THE COURT b. international custom, as evidence of a general practice ac- cepted as law; Article 34 c. the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations; 1. Only states may be parties in cases before the Court. d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and 2. The Court, subject to and in conformity with its Rules, may the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the request of public international organizations information relevant various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination to cases before it, and shall receive such information presented of rules of law. by such organizations on their own initiative. 2. This provision shall not prejudice the power of the Court to 3. Whenever the construction of the constituent instrument of decide a case ex aequo et bono, if the parties agree thereto. a public international organization or of an international conven- tion adopted thereunder is in question in a case before the Court, the Registrar shall so notify the public international organization Chapter III concerned and shall communicate to it copies of all the written PROCEDURE proceedings. Article 39 Article 35 1. The official languages of the Court shall be French and En- 1. The Court shall be open to the states parties to the present glish. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in Statute. French, the judgment shall be delivered in French. If the parties 2. The conditions under which the Court shall be open to agree that the case shall be conducted in English, the judgment other states shall, subject to the special provisions contained in shall be delivered in English. treaties in force, be laid down by the Security Council, but in no 2. In the absence of an agreement as to which language shall case shall such conditions place the parties in a position of in- be employed, each party may, in the pleadings, use the language equality before the Court. which it prefers; the decision of the Court shall be given in French 3. When a state which is not a Member of the United Nations and English. In this case the Court shall at the same time deter- is a party to a case, the Court shall fix the amount which that mine which of the two texts shall be considered as authoritative. party is to contribute towards the expenses of the Court. This pro- 3. The Court shall, at the request of any party, authorize a vision shall not apply if such state is bearing a share of the language other than French or English to be used by that party. expenses of the Court. Article 40 Article 36 1. Cases are brought before the Court, as the case may be, 1. The jurisdiction of the Court comprises all cases which the either by the notification of the special agreement or by a written parties refer to it and all matters specially provided for in the application addressed to the Registrar. In either case the subject Charter of the United Nations or in treaties and conventions in of the dispute and the parties shall be indicated. force. 2. The Registrar shall forthwith communicate the application 2. The states parties to the present Statute may at any time to all concerned. declare that they recognize as compulsory ipso facto and without 3. He shall also notify the Members of the United Nations special agreement, in relation to any other state accepting the through the Secretary-General, and also any other states entitled same obligation, the jurisdiction of the Court in all legal disputes to appear before the Court. concerning: a. The interpretation of a treaty; Article 41 b. any question of international law; 1. The Court shall have the power to indicate, if it considers c. the existence of any fact which, if established, would that circumstances so require, any provisional measures which constitute a breach of an international obligation; ought to be taken to preserve the respective rights of either party. d. the nature or extent of the reparation to be made for the 2. Pending the final decision, notice of the measures sug- breach of an international obligation. gested shall forthwith be given to the parties and to the Security 3. The declarations referred to above may be made uncondi- Council. tionally or on condition of reciprocity on the part of several or certain states, or for a certain time. Article 42 4. Such declarations shall be deposited with the Secretary- 1. The parties shall be represented by agents. General of the United Nations, who shall transmit copies thereof 2. They may have the assistance of counsel or advocates to the parties to the Statute and to the Registrar of the Court. before the Court. 5. Declarations made under Article 36 of the Statute of the 3. The agents, counsel, and advocates of parties before the Permanent Court of International Justice and which are still in Court shall enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary to the force shall be deemed, as between the parties to the present independent exercise of their duties. Statute, to be acceptances of the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice for the period which they still have to Article 43 run and in accordance with their terms. 1. The procedure shall consist of two parts: written and oral. 6. In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has juris- 2. The written proceedings shall consist of the communication diction, the matter shall be settled by the decision of the Court. to the Court and to the parties of memorials, counter-memorials and, if necessary, replies; also all papers and documents in sup- port. Article 37 3. These communications shall be made through the Regis- Whenever a treaty or convention in force provides for reference trar, in the order and within the time fixed by the Court. of a matter to a tribunal to have been instituted by the League of 4. A certified copy of every document produced by one party Nations, or to the Permanent Court of International Justice, the shall be communicated to the other party. matter shall, as between the parties to the present Statute, be 5. The oral proceedings shall consist of the hearing by the referred to the International Court of Justice. Court of witnesses, experts, agents, counsel, and advocates. 1194 Appendix II

Article 44 2. It shall contain the names of the judges who have taken 1. For the service of all notices upon persons other than the part in the decision. agents, counsel, and avocates, the Court shall apply direct to the government of the state upon whose territory the notice has to be Article 57 served. If the judgment does not represent in whole or in part the unani- 2. The same provision shall apply whenever steps are to be mous opinion of the judges, any judge shall be entitled to deliver a taken to procure evidence on the spot. separate opinion.

Article 45 Article 58 The hearing shall be under the control of the President or, if he The judgment shall be signed by the President and by the is unable to preside, of the Vice-President; if neither is able to Registrar. It shall be read in open court, due notice having preside, the senior judge present shall preside. been given to the agents.

Article 46 Article 59 The hearing in Court shall be public, unless the Court shall de- The decision of the Court has no binding force except between cide otherwise, or unless the parties demand that the public be the parties and in respect of that particular case. not admitted. Article 47 Article 60 1. Minutes shall be made at each hearing and signed by the The judgment is final and without appeal. In the event of dis- Registrar and the President. pute as to the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall 2. These minutes alone shall be authentic. construe it upon the request of any party.

Article 48 Article 61 The Court shall make orders for the conduct of the case, shall 1. An application for revision of a judgment may be made only decide the form and time in which each party must conclude its when it is based upon the discovery of some fact of such a nature arguments, and make all arrangements connected with the taking as to be a decisive factor, which fact was, when the judgment was of evidence. given, unknown to the Court and also to the party claiming revi- sion, always provided that such ignorance was not due to negli- Article 49 gence. The Court may, even before the hearing begins, call upon the 2. The proceedings for revision shall be opened by a judg- agents to produce any document or to supply any explanations. ment of the Court expressly recording the existence of the new Formal note shall be taken of any refusal. fact, recognizing that it has such a character as to lay the case open to revision, and declaring the application admissible on this Article 50 ground. The Court may, at any time, entrust any individual, body, bu- 3. The Court may require previous compliance with the terms reau, commission, or other organization that it may select, with of the judgment before it admits proceedings in revision. the task of carrying out an enquiry or giving an expert opinion. 4. The application for revision must be made at latest within six months of the discovery of the new fact. Article 51 5. No application for revision may be made after the lapse of During the hearing any relevant questions are to be put to the ten years from the date of the judgment. witnesses and experts under the conditions laid down by the Court in the rules of procedure referred to in Article 30. Article 62 1. Should a state consider that it has an interest of a legal Article 52 nature which may be affected by the decision in the case, it may After the Court has received the proofs and evidence within the submit a request to the Court to be permitted to intervene. time specified for the purpose, it may refuse to accept any further 2. It shall be for the Court to decide upon this request. oral or written evidence that one party may desire to present un- less the other side consents. Article 63 1. Whenever the construction of a convention to which states Article 53 other than those concerned in the case are parties is in question, 1. Whenever one of the parties does not appear before the the Registrar shall notify all such states forthwith. Court, or fails to defend its case, the other party may call upon the 2. Every state so notified has the right to intervene in the pro- Court to decide in favour of its claim. ceedings; but if it uses this right, the construction given by the 2. The Court must, before doing so, satisfy itself, not only that judgment will be equally binding upon it. it has jurisdiction in accordance with Articles 36 and 37, but also that the claim is well founded in fact and law. Article 64 Unless otherwise decided by the Court, each party shall bear Article 54 its own costs. 1. When, subject to the control of the Court, the agents, coun- sel, and advocates have completed their presentation of the case, the President shall declare the hearing closed. Chapter IV 2. The Court shall withdraw to consider the judgment. ADVISORY OPINIONS 3. The deliberations of the Court shall take place in private and remain secret. Article 65 1. The Court may give an advisory opinion on any legal ques- Article 55 tion at the request of whatever body may be authorized by or in 1. All questions shall be decided by a majority of the judges accordance with the Charter of the United Nations to make such a present. request. 2. In the event of an equality of votes, the President or the 2. Questions upon which the advisory opinion of the Court is judge who acts in his place shall have a casting vote. asked shall be laid before the Court by means of a written request containinq an exact statement of the question upon which an opin- Article 56 ion is required, and accompanied by all documents likely to 1. The judgment shall state the reasons on which it is based. throw light upon the question. The Statute of the International Court of Justice 1195

Article 66 tice having been given to the Secretary-General and to the repre- 1. The Registrar shall forthwith give notice of the request for sentatives of Members of the United Nations, of other states and an advisory opinion to all states entitled to appear before the of international organizations immediately concerned. Court. 2. The Registrar shall also, by means of a special and direct Article 68 communication, notify any state entitled to appear before the In the exercise of its advisory functions the Court shall further Court or international organization considered by the Court, or, be guided by the provisions of the present Statute which apply in should it not be sitting, by the President, as likely to be able to contentious cases to the extent to which it recognizes them to be furnish information on the question, that the Court will be pre- applicable. pared to receive, within a time limit to be fixed by the President, written statements, or to hear, at a public sitting to be held for the purpose, oral statements relating to the question. Chapter V 3. Should any such state entitled to appear before the Court AMENDMENT have failed to receive the special communication referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, such state may express a desire to Article 69 submit a written statement or to be heard; and the Court will de- Amendments to the present Statute shall be effected by the cide. same procedure as is provided by the Charter of the United Na- 4. States and organizations having presented written or oral tions for amendments to that Charter, subject however to any statements or both shall be permitted to comment on the state- provisions which the General Assembly upon recommendation of ments made by other states or organizations in the form, to the the Security Council may adopt concerning the participation of extent, and within the time limits which the Court, or, should it not states which are parties to the present Statute but are not Mem- be sitting, the President, shall decide in each particular case. Ac- bers of the United Nations. cordingly, the Registrar shall in due time communicate any such written statements to states and organizations having submitted Article 70 similar statements. The Court shall have power to propose such amendments to the present Statute as it may deem necessary, through written Article 67 communications to the Secretary-General, for consideration in The Court shall deliver its advisory opinions in open court, no- conformity with the provisions of Article 69. 1196 Appendix III

Appendix III The structure of the United Nations

The General Assembly

The General Assembly is composed of all the Members of the Vice-Chairmen: Imre Hollai (Hungary), Ilkka Olavi Pastinen (Fin- United Nations. land). Rapporteur: Francisco Correa (Mexico). SESSIONS Resumed thirty-first session: 13-19 September 1977. Special Political Committee Thirty-second session: 20 September-21 December 1977. Chairman: Bernhard Neugebauer (German Democratic Republic). Vice-Chairmen: Donald G. Blackman (Barbados), K. B. Shahi OFFICERS (Nepal). Resumed thirty-first session Rapporteur: Ruth L. Dobson (Australia). President: H. S. Amerasinghe (Sri Lanka). Vice-Presidents: Australia, Chad, China, Dominican Republic, Second Committee France, German Democratic Republic, Guinea, Japan, Nicara- Chairman: Peter Jankowitsch (Austria). gua, Oman, Panama, Sudan, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, Vice-Chairmen: Angel Maria Oliveri-López (Argentina), Umayya United Republic of Tanzania, United States. Salah Tukan (Jordan). Rapporteur: Ibrahim Suleiman Dharat (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya). Thirty-second session President: Lazar Mojsov (Yugoslavia). Third Committee Vice-Presidents: China, Cyprus, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Chairman: Lucille Mair (Jamaica). Ecuador, France, Gabon, Guatemala, Indonesia, Lesotho, Vice-Chairmen: Luvsandanzangyn Ider (Mongolia), Eigil Peder- Madagascar, Netherlands, Peru, Sierra Leone, USSR, sen (Denmark). United Kingdom, United States. Rapporteur: Fuad Mubarak Ali AI-Hinai (Oman).

The Assembly has four types of committees: (1) Main Commit- Fourth Committee tees; (2) procedural committees; (3) standing committees; (4) Chairman: Mowaffak Allaf (Syrian Arab Republic). subsidiary and ad hoc bodies. Vice-Chairmen: Khaled Qais Al-Said (Oman), Mampuya Musun- gayi Nkuembe (Zaire). Main Committees Rapporteur: Gursel Demirok (Turkey).

Seven Main Committees have been established, as follows: Fifth Committee Chairman: Morteza Talieh (Iran). Political and Security Committee (including the regulation of ar- Vice-Chairmen: Oswaldo Gamboa (Venezuela), Rudolf Schmidt maments) (First Committee) (Germany, Federal Republic of). Special Political Committee Rapporteur: P. G. Belyaev (Byelorussian SSR). Economic and Financial Committee (Second Committee) Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee (Third Committee) Sixth Committee Trusteeship Committee (including Non-Self-Governing Territories) Chairman: Enrique Gaviria (Colombia). (Fourth Committee) Vice-Chairmen: Valentine V. Bojilov (Bulgaria), Thabo Makeka Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee) (Lesotho). Legal Committee (Sixth Committee) Rapporteur: Awn S. Al-Khasawneh (Jordan).

The General Assembly may constitute other committees, on which all Members have the right to be represented. Procedural committees

OFFICERS OF THE MAIN COMMITTEES There are two procedural committees of the Assembly: the Gen- eral Committee and the Credentials Committee. Resumed thirty-first session

Second Committee* General Committee Chairman: Jaime Valdes Hertzog (Bolivia). The General Committee consists of the President of the Gen- Vice-Chairmen: Ion Goritza (Romania), Mohan Prasad Lohani eral Assembly, as Chairman, the 17 Vice-Presidents and the (Nepal). Chairmen of the seven Main Committees. Rapporteur: Gerhard Pfanzelter (Austria).

* The only Main Committee which met at the resumed thirty-first Credentials Committee session. The Credentials Committee consists of nine members ap- pointed by the General Assembly on the proposal of the President. Thirty-second session Thirty-second session First Committee Canada, China, Ecuador, Fiji, Madagascar, Nepal (Chairman), Chairman: Frank Edmund Boaten (Ghana). Nigeria, USSR, United States. The structure of the United Nations 1197

Standing committees to 21 December 1977. Those bodies marked * were set up or began to function during 1977; those marked † were discontinued in 1977. The General Assembly has two standing committees: the Advi- sory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole Assembly the Committee on Contributions. Each consists of experts ap- Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism pointed in their individual capacities for three-year terms. Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention against Apartheid in Sports Advisory Committee on Administrative Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Convention and Budgetary Questions against the Taking of Hostages Members: Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean To serve until 31 December 1977: Yasushi Akashi (Japan); Hou Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of the Economic and So- Tung (China); Andre Naudy (France); Michael F. H. Stuart cial Sectors of the United Nations System† (United Kingdom); Morteza Talieh (Iran). Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference To serve until 31 December 1978: Lucio Garcia del Solar (Argen- Advisory Committee for the International Year for Disabled Per- tina); A. V. Grodsky (USSR);* Rudolf Schmidt (Germany, Fed- sons* eral Republic of); David L. Stottlemyer (United States).† Advisory Committee on the United Nations Educational and Train- To serve until 31 December 1979: Andrzej Abraszewski (Poland); ing Programme for Southern Africa C. S. M. Mselle, Chairman (United Republic of Tanzania); Advisory Committee on the United Nations Programme of As- Tieba Ouattara (Ivory Coast); Christopher R. Thomas (Trinidad sistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Ap- and Tobago). preciation of International Law Board of Auditors * Resigned with effect from 1 January 1978. The resultant va- Collective Measures Committee cancy for the unexpired portion of the term was to be filled by Committee Established under General Assembly Resolution V. K. Palamarchuk (USSR), who was appointed by the General 32/174* Assembly on 21 December 1977. Committee for Programme and Co-ordination † Resigned with effect from 15 November 1977. The resultant Committee of Trustees of the United Nations Trust Fund for South vacancy for the unexpired portion of the term was filled by Virginia Africa C. Housholder (United States), who had been appointed by the Committee on Applications for Review of Administrative Tribunal Assembly on 11 November 1977. Judgements Committee on Arrangements for a Conference for the Purpose of On 11 November 1977, the General Assembly appointed the Reviewing the Charter following five members for a three-year term beginning on 1 Jan- Committee on Conferences uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977: Committee on Relations with the Host Country Yasushi Akashi (Japan), Hou Tung (China) Guy Scalabre Working Group (France), Michael F. H. Stuart (United Kingdom), Morteza Talieh Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (Iran). Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Pales- On 14 December 1977, the Assembly increased the member- tinian People ship of the Advisory Committee from 13 to 16 members. Accord- Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space ingly, on 21 December, it appointed Hamed Arabi EI-Houderi Legal Sub-Committee (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya), Anwar Kemal (Pakistan) and Norman Scientific and Technical Sub-Committee Williams (Panama) for terms of one, two and three years, respec- Working Group on a Navigation Services Satellite System tively, all beginning on 1 January 1978. Working Group on Direct Broadcast Satellites Committee to Draw Up a Constitution for the United Nations In- Committee on Contributions dustrial Development Organization as a Specialized Agency† Members: Consultative Panel on Public Information To serve until 31 December 1977: Abdel Hamid Abdel-Ghani Disarmament Commission (Egypt); Japhet Gideon Kiti (Kenya); Angus J. Matheson (Can- Human Rights Committee ada); John I. M. Rhodes (United Kingdom); David Silveira da Interim Committee of the General Assembly Mota, Jr., Vice-Chairman (Brazil); Bernal Vargas-Saborio International Civil Service Commission (Costa Rica). Advisory Committee on Post Adjustment Questions To serve until 31 December 1978: Syed Amjad Ali, Chairman International Law Commission (Pakistan); A. S. Chistyakov (USSR); Miguel A. Dávila Men- Investments Committee doza (Mexico); Wilfried Koschorreck (Germany, Federal Re- Joint Advisory Group on the International Trade Centre public of); Michel Rouge (France); Tien Yi-nung (China). UNCTAD/GATT To serve until 31 December 1979: Talib El-Shibib (Iraq); Gbadebo Joint Inspection Unit Oladeinde George (Nigeria); Richard V. Hennes (United Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the United States); Junpei Kato (Japan); Dragos Serbanescu (Romania); Nations Euthimios Stoforopoulos (Greece). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) On 14 December 1977, the General Assembly appointed the Executive Committee of the High Commissioner's Programme following six members for a three-year term beginning on 1 Jan- Sub-Committee of the Whole on International Protection uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977: Panel for Inquiry and Conciliation Abdel Hamid Abdel-Ghani (Egypt), Leoncio Fernández Maroto Panel of External Auditors (Spain), Carlos Moreira Garcia (Brazil), Japhet Gideon Kiti Panel of Military Experts (Kenya), Angus J. Matheson (Canada), Atilio Norberto Molteni Peace Observation Commission (Argentina). Preparatory Committee for the Special Session of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Subsidiary, ad hoc and related bodies Science and Technology for Development Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on The following subsidiary, ad hoc and related bodies were in Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries existence or functioning in 1977, or were established during the Special Committee against Apartheid General Assembly's thirty-second session, held from 20 September Sub-Committee on Petitions and Information 1198 Appendix III

Sub-Committee on the Implementation of United Nations Board of Governors Resolutions and Collaboration with South Africa United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Developing Coun- Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Princi- tries ple of Non-Use of Force in International Relations* Board of Governors Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations United Nations Staff Pension Committee Working Group United Nations University Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on Council of the United Nations University the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization World Food Council Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implemen- tation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole Assembly Colonial Countries and Peoples The Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole Assembly consists of all Sub-Committee on Petitions, Information and Assistance Members of the United Nations, under the chairmanship of the Sub-Committee on Small Territories President of the session. It meets as soon as practicable after the Working Group opening of each regular session of the General Assembly to en- Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the able Governments to announce pledges of voluntary contributions Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories to the programmes of the United Nations High Commissioner for Special Committee to Select the Winners of the United Nations Refugees and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Human Rights Prize Palestine Refugees in the Near East for the following year. States United Nations Administrative Tribunal which are members of specialized agencies but which are not United Nations Capital Development Fund also Members of the United Nations are invited to attend to an- Executive Board nounce their pledges. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) In 1977, the Ad Hoc Committee met to announce pledges to Executive Board the two programmes on 18 November and 6 December, respec- United Nations Commission on International Trade Law tively. (UNCITRAL) Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism Working Group on International Negotiable Instruments During 1977, the 35-member Ad Hoc Committee on Interna- Working Group on the International Sale of Goods tional Terrorism held one series of meetings, between 14 and United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine 25 March, at United Nations Headquarters, New York. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Members: Algeria, Austria, Barbados, Canada, Congo,* Czecho- Trade and Development Board slovakia, Democratic Yemen, France, Greece, Guinea,* Committee on Commodities Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Committee on Tungsten Nigeria, Panama, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Permanent Group on Synthetics and Substitutes Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United Kingdom, United Re- Committee on Economic Co-operation among Developing public of Tanzania, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yemen, Countries Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia.* Committee on Invisibles and Financing related to Trade Committee on Manufactures * Not represented at the 1977 meetings. Committee on Shipping Working Group on International Shipping Legislation Chairman: Fereydoun Hoveyda (Iran). Committee on Transfer of Technology Vice-Chairmen: Donald G. Blackman (Barbados), Imre Hollai Special Committee on Preferences (Hungary), Folke Persson (Sweden). United Nations Council for Namibia Rapporteur: James L. Kateka (United Republic of Tanzania). Committee on the United Nations Fund for Namibia Standing Committee I Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International Standing Committee II Convention against Apartheid in Sports Standing Committee III The 25-member Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an Inter- Steering Committee national Convention against Apartheid in Sports held three meet- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ings in 1977: on 4 May, 10 August and 10 November, all at Governing Council United Nations Headquarters, New York. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Governing Council Members: Algeria, Barbados,* Canada,* Congo,* German Demo- Environment Co-ordination Board cratic Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indone- United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation sia, Jamaica,* Malaysia, Nepal, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, So- Advisory Board malia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Ukrainian SSR, United Republic of Tanzania,* Yugoslavia.* Industrial Development Board Permanent Committee * Appointed by the President of the thirty-first session of the UNIDO Advisory Committee on Co-ordination in the Field of In- General Assembly, as stated in his communication of 27 January dustrial Development (UNIDAC)† 1977 to the Secretary-General. In a note of 29 April 1977, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Secretary-General advised that Burma, among those which had Board of Trustees been appointed, would not be able to serve; a replacement was United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board not appointed in 1977. Standing Committee of the Pension Board Committee of Actuaries Chairman: Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria). United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees Vice-Chairmen: Donald G. Blackman (Barbados), Riad Siage (Syr- in the Near East (UNRWA) ian Arab Republic). Advisory Commission of UNRWA Rapporteur: Lucille Mair (Jamaica). Working Group on the Financing of UNRWA United Nations Scientific Advisory Committee Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Ra- Convention against the Taking of Hostages diation The Ad Hoc Committee on the Drafting of an International United Nations Special Fund Convention against the Taking of Hostages held one series of The structure of the United Nations 1199 meetings in 1977, between 1 and 19 August, at United Nations States maintained contact with it through its Chairman, pursuant to 1 Headquarters, New York. a 1973 General Assembly resolution.

Members:* Algeria, Barbados, Byelorussian SSR, Canada, Chile, Chairman: Fereydoun Hoveyda (Iran). Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Fed- Vice-Chairmen: Carlos Alzamora Traverso (Peru), Henryk Ja- eral Republic of, Guinea, Iran, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Le- roszek (Poland), Artemon Simbananiye (Burundi). sotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicara- Rapporteur: Juan Ignacio López-Chicheri (Spain). gua, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Somalia, Surinam, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic Advisory Committee for the International Year of Tanzania, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. for Disabled Persons On 16 December 1977, the General Assembly established an * Appointed by the President of the thirty-first session of the Advisory Committee of 15 Member States, to be appointed by the General Assembly, as stated in his communications of 28 June Chairman of the Assembly's Third (Social, Humanitarian and and (with respect to the Byelorussian SSR) of 9 August 1977. Cultural) Committee, on the basis of equitable geographical dis- One seat remained unfilled in 1977. tribution and with the concurrence of the regional groups. The Advisory Committee, to be convened no later than March Chairman: Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria). 1979, was to consider, in consultation with Member States and Vice-Chairmen: José Antonio Alvarado Correa (Nicaragua), Da- specialized agencies, the draft programme for the International voud Hermidas Bavand (Iran), Eike Bracklo (Germany, Federal Year for Disabled Persons (1981) prepared by the Secretary- Republic of). General. Rapporteur: P. G. Belyaev (Byelorussian SSR). By the end of 1977, the members had not been appointed.

Advisory Committee on the United Nations Educational Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean and Training Programme for Southern Africa The Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean held one series of Members: Canada, Denmark, India, United Republic of Tanzania, meetings in 1977, between 18 April and 14 October, at United Venezuela, Zaire, Zambia. Nations Headquarters, New York. Chairman: William H. Barton (Canada). Members: Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Paki- Advisory Committee on the United Nations Programme stan, Somalia, Sri Lanka, United Republic of Tanzania, Yemen, of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination Zambia. and Wider Appreciation of International Law The Advisory Committee held its twelfth session at United Na- Chairman: H. S. Amerasinghe (Sri Lanka). tions Headquarters, New York, on 2 November 1977. Vice-Chairman: Djoko Joewono (Indonesia). Rapporteur: Henri Rasolondraibe (Madagascar). Members (until 31 December 1979): Barbados,* Cyprus, El Sal- vador,* France,* Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Mali,* Syrian Arab Re- On 12 December 1977, the General Assembly increased the public,* USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, membership of the Ad Hoc Committee from 18 to 23 by the addi- United States. tion of Democratic Yemen, Ethiopia, Greece, Mozambique and Oman. * Not represented at the twelfth session.

Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of the Economic Chairman: R. Simmonds (Ghana) (acting). and Social Sectors of the United Nations System During 1977, the Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring of Board of Auditors the Economic and Social Sectors of the United Nations System, a The Board of Auditors consists of three members appointed by committee of the whole of the General Assembly open to the par- the General Assembly for three-year terms. ticipation of all States, held its fifth session from 16 February to 4 March; and its sixth, and final, session from 2 to 20 May and Members: from 30 September to 14 December, both at United Nations To serve until 30 June 1978: Controller-General of Colombia. Headquarters, New York. To serve until 30 June 1979: Auditor-General of Ghana. To serve until 30 June 1980: Auditor-General of Canada. Chairman: Kenneth K. S. Dadzie (Ghana). Vice-Chairmen: Antoni Czarkowski (Poland), Luis Gonzalez Arias On 11 November 1977, the General Assembly appointed the (Paraguay), Farrokh Parsi (Iran). Auditor-General of Bangladesh for a three-year term beginning on Rapporteur: Robert Douglas Sturkey (Australia) (until 2 May 1 July 1978 and expiring on 30 June 1981. 1977), Raymond James Greet (Australia) (from 2 May 1977). Collective Measures Committee Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference The Collective Measures Committee did not meet in 1977. During 1977, the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarma- ment Conference held meetings at United Nations Headquarters, Members: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Burma, Canada, Egypt, New York, on 4 April and between 12 and 16 September. France, Mexico, Philippines, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. Members: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Committee Established under General Assembly Ethiopia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Leb- Resolution 32/174 anon, Liberia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, On 19 December 1977, the General Assembly established a Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sri committee of the whole of the Assembly, open to all States, which Lanka, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, was, among other things, to oversee and monitor the implemen- Zambia. tation of the decisions and agreements reached in the negotia-

1 France, the USSR and the United Kingdom participated in the See Y.U.N., 1973, pp. 18-19, text of resolution 3183(XXVIII) of 18 De- work of the Ad Hoc Committee, while China and the United cember 1973. 1200 Appendix III tions on the establishment of a new international economic order Chairman: Christopher R. Thomas (Trinidad and Tobago) (until in the appropriate bodies of the United Nations system. 28 April 1977), Michael G. Okeyo (Kenya) (from 28 April 1977). The Committee, on which representation was to be at a high Vice-Chairmen: Ahmed Aboul Gheit (Egypt) (until 28 April 1977), level, was to meet during intersessional periods until the Assem- Bernal Vargas-Saborio (Costa Rica) (from 20 June 1977); bly's special session to be convened in 1980 to assess the prog- Philipp L. K. Hahn (Canada). ress in the establishment of the new international economic Rapporteur: A. Razzaque Khan (Bangladesh). order. By a communication of 23 December 1977, the President of the Committee for Programme and Co-ordination General Assembly informed the Secretary-General that, pursuant The Committee for Programme and Co-ordination is the main to an Assembly decision of 9 December 1977 to retain the subsidiary organ of the Economic and Social Council and of the Committee on Conferences and to set forth its new terms of refer- General Assembly for planning, programming and co-ordination; it ence, he had appointed the following 22 members for a three- reports to both. year term beginning on 1 January 1978 to fill the vacancies occur- For details of the Committee's membership and session in ring on 31 December 1977: Algeria, Austria, Canada, Chile, 1977, see below, under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUN- Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Honduras, Indonesia, Japan, CIL. Kenya, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia. Committee of Trustees of the United Nations Trust Fund for South Africa Committee on Relations with the Host Country Members: Chile, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sweden. Members: Bulgaria, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cyprus, France, Honduras, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Mali, Senegal, Spain, USSR, Chairman: Olof Rydbeck (Sweden) (until February 1977), Anders United Kingdom, United States (host country). Thunborg (Sweden) (from February 1977). Vice-Chairman: Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria). Chairman: Zenon Rossides (Cyprus). Vice-Chairman: Simeon Ake (Ivory Coast). Committee on Applications for Review of Rapporteur: Emilia Castro de Barish (Costa Rica). Administrative Tribunal Judgements The Committee on Applications for Review of Administrative WORKING GROUP Tribunal Judgements held is sixteenth session at United Nations Members: Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Mali, Spain, United Kingdom, Headquarters, New York, on 23 May 1977. United States.

Members (from 21 September 1976) (based on the composition Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination of the General Committee at the General Assembly's thirty-first The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was session): Australia, Bolivia, Chad, China, Dominican Republic, established under the terms of the International Convention on France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.3 It consists public of, Guinea, Japan, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nic- of 18 experts elected by the States parties to the Convention to aragua, Norway, Oman, Panama, Philippines, Poland, Sri serve in their personal capacities, with due regard for equitable Lanka, Sudan, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United Re- geographical distribution and for representation of the different public of Tanzania, United States. forms of civilization and principal legal systems. Members of the Committee serve for four-year terms. Chairman: Alejandro D. Yango (Philippines). The Committee held two sessions in 1977: its fifteenth, from Vice-Chairman: Sebastian Chale (United Republic of Tanzania). 28 March to 14 April, at Vienna; and its sixteenth, from 1 to Rapporteur: Paul R. N. Fifoot (United Kingdom). 19 August, at United Nations Headquarters, New York.

Members (from 21 September 1977) (based on the composition Members: of the General Committee at the General Assembly's thirty- To serve until 19 January 1978: Mahmoud Aboul-Nasr (Egypt); second session): Austria, China, Colombia, Cyprus, Democratic Christopher Olayiwola Hollist (Nigeria); Jose D. Ingles (Philip- Yemen, Denmark, Ecuador, France, Gabon, German Demo- pines); Paul Joan George Kapteyn, Chairman (Netherlands); cratic Republic, Ghana, Guatemala, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, George O. Lamptey, Vice-Chairman (Ghana); Karl Josef Lesotho, Madagascar, Netherlands, Peru, Sierra Leone, Syrian Partsch (Germany, Federal Republic of); Fayez Al Sayegh, Rap- Arab Republic, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Yu- porteur (Kuwait); Luis Valencia Rodriguez (Ecuador); Halima goslavia. Embarek Warzazi (Morocco). To serve until 19 January 1980: Yuli Bahnev (Bulgaria); Pedro Committee on Arrangements for a Conference Brin Martinez, Vice-Chairman (Panama); Rajeshwar Dayal for the Purpose of Reviewing the Charter (India); Andre Dechezelles (France); Silvo Devetak (Yugo- All Members of the United Nations are members of the slavia); Mohied-Din Nabavi (Iran); E. N. Nasinovsky, Vice- Committee on Arrangements for a Conference for the Purpose of Chairman (USSR);* Erik Nettel (Austria);* Federico Videla Es- Reviewing the Charter. calada, Vice-Chairman (Argentina).*† The Committee did not meet in 1977. * Appointed, respectively, by the Committee, as follows: on Committee on Conferences 2 August 1977, to replace I. P. Blishchenko (USSR), who re- The Committee on Conferences was re-established by the Gen- signed by a letter of 25 July 1977; on 28 March 1977, to re- eral Assembly in 1974 on an experimental basis, subject to re- place Willibald P. Pahr (Austria), who resigned by a letter of the view at the Assembly's thirty-second (1977) session.2 It consists same date; and on 1 August 1977, to replace Arturo Enrique of 22 Member States designated by the President of the Assem- Sampay (Argentina), of whose death the Committee was notified bly on the basis of equitable geographical balance, to serve for a by a letter of 24 March 1977. three-year term. † Did not attend the sixteenth session.

Members (until 31 December 1977): Algeria, Austria, Bangla- desh, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt, France, 2 See Y.U.N., 1974, pp. 922-23, text of resolution 3351 (XXIX) of 18 De- India, Kenya, Mongolia, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Romania, cember 1974. 3 Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United See Y.U.N., 1965, pp. 440-46, resolution 2106 A (XX), of 21 December States, Yugoslavia. 1965, containing text of International Convention, esp. Article 8. The structure of the United Nations 1201

Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Members: Experts from the following United Nations Member Rights of the Palestinian People States: Canada, China, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Members: Afghanistan, Cuba, Cyprus, German Democratic Re- Yemen, France, India, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Jordan, Libe- public, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Lao Peo- ria, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Romania, Sudan, Sweden, ple's Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Tunisia, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, Yugoslavia. Chairman: The Secretary-General. Chairman: Médoune Fall (Senegal). Vice-Chairmen: Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada (Cuba), Mir Abdul Disarmament Commission Wahab Siddiq (Afghanistan). The Disarmament Commission, which consists of all the Mem- Rapporteur: Victor J. Gauci (Malta). bers of the United Nations, did not meet in 1977.

Human Rights Committee Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space The Human Rights Committee was established under the terms The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space held its of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.4 It twentieth session at Vienna, from 20 June to 1 July 1977. consists of 18 experts elected by the States parties to the Cove- nant to serve in their personal capacities for four-year terms. Members: Albania,* Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, The Committee, which reports annually to the General Assem- Bulgaria, Canada, Chad,* Chile, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, bly through the Economic and Social Council, held two sessions France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- in 1977: its first, at United Nations Headquarters, New York, from public of, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kenya, 21 March to 1 April; and its second, at Geneva, from 11 to 31 Au- Lebanon, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Po- gust. land, Romania, Sierre Leone, Sudan,* Sweden, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela. Members: To serve until 31 December 1978: Mohamed Ben-Fadhel (Tuni- * Not represented at the twentieth session. sia); Ole Mogens Espersen (Denmark); Bernhard Graefrath (German Democratic Republic); Rajsoomer Lallah, Vice- Chairman: Peter Jankowitsch (Austria). Chairman (Mauritius); Fernando Mora Rojas (Costa Rica); Rapporteur: Luiz Paulo Lindenberg Sette (Brazil). Torkel Opsahl, Vice-Chairman (Norway); Julio Prado Vallejo (Ecuador); Fulgence Seminega (Rwanda); Christian Tomuschat On 20 December 1977, the General Assembly decided to ex- (Germany, Federal Republic of). pand the membership of the Committee from 37 to 47. Appoint- To serve until 31 December 1980: Sir Vincent Evans (United ment of the new members had not taken place by the end of Kingdom); Manouchehr Ganji (Iran); Vladimir Hanga (Roma- 1977. nia); Haissam Kelani (Syrian Arab Republic); Luben G. Kou- lishev, Vice-Chairman (Bulgaria); Andreas V. Mavrommatis, LEGAL SUB-COMMITTEE Chairman (Cyprus); A. P. Movchan (USSR); Walter Surma The Legal Sub-Committee, a committee of the whole, held its Tarnopolsky (Canada); Diego Uribe Vargas, Rapporteur (Co- sixteenth session at United Nations Headquarters, New York, lombia). from 14 March to 8 April 1977. Interim Committee of the General Assembly Chairman: Eugeniusz Wyzner (Poland). The Interim Committee of the General Assembly, on which each Member of the United Nations has the right to be repre- SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SUB-COMMITTEE sented, did not meet in 1977. The Scientific and Technical Sub-Committee, a committee of the whole, held its fourteenth session at United Nations Head- International Civil Service Commission quarters, New York, from 14 to 25 February 1977. The International Civil Service Commission consists of 15 members who serve in their personal capacities as individuals Chairman: J. H. Carver (Australia). of recognized competence in public administration or related fields, particularly in personnel management. They are appointed WORKING GROUP ON A by the General Assembly, on the basis of equitable geographical NAVIGATION SERVICES SATELLITE SYSTEM representation, for four-year terms. The Working Group adjourned sine die in July 1967. The Commission held two sessions in 1977: its fifth, at United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 22 February to 11 March; WORKING GROUP ON DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITES and its sixth, at Vienna, from 16 August to 2 September. The Working Group did not meet in 1977. Members: Committee to Draw Up a Constitution for the United To serve until 31 December 1977: Toru Hagiwara (Japan); Robert Nations Industrial Development Organization as a E. Hampton (United States);* Arthur H. M. Hillis (United Specialized Agency Kingdom); António Fonseca Pimentel (Brazil); Jean-Louis Pli- The Committee to Draw Up a Constitution for the United Na- hon (France). tions Industrial Development Organization as a Specialized To serve until 31 December 1978: A. L. Adu, Vice-Chairman Agency, which was open to the participation of all States, held its (Ghana);† Pascal Frochaux (Switzerland); Jiri Nosek (Czecho- fifth, and final, session at Vienna, from 7 March to 2 April 1977. slovakia); Raul A. Quijano, Chairman (Argentina); Doudou Thiam (Senegal). Chairman: Amrik S. Mehta (India). To serve until 31 December 1980: Syed Amjad Ali (Pakistan); Mi- Vice-Chairmen: Kasasa Cinyati Mutati (Zaire), Maria Salazar chael O. Ani (Nigeria);* A. S. Chistyakov (USSR); Parmeshwar (Peru), Gerhard Thomas (German Democratic Republic). N. Haksar (India); Halima Embarek Warzazi (Morocco). Rapporteur: Gustav Ekholm (Sweden).

Consultative Panel on Public Information The Consultative Panel on Public Information met at United 4 See Y.U.N., 1966, pp. 418-32, resolution 2200 A (XXI) of 16 December Nations Headquarters, New York, on 25 and 26 April 1977. 1966, containing text of International Covenant, esp. Part IV. 1202 Appendix III

* Did not attend the sixth session. United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board and the Advisory Commit- † Died on 2 September 1977; replaced by Richard M. Akwei tee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to (Ghana), who was appointed member and Vice-Chairman by the confirmation by the Assembly. Members serve for three-year General Assembly on 21 December 1977, for a term of one year terms. with effect from 1 January 1978. Members:* On 21 December 1977, the General Assembly appointed the To serve until 31 December 1977: David Montagu; Yves Oltra- following five members for a four-year term beginning on 1 Jan- mare. uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977; To serve until 31 December 1978: R. Manning Brown, Jr.; Jean Arthur H. M. Hillis (United Kingdom), Akira Matsui (Japan), Antó- Guyot; Toshio Shishido. nio Fonseca Pimentel (Brazil), Jean-Louis Plihon (France), Ersa To serve until 31 December 1979: Aloysio de Andrade Faria; H. Poston (United States). B. K. Nehru, Chairman; Stanislaw Raczkowski.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON * One seat remained unfilled in 1977. POST ADJUSTMENT QUESTIONS The Advisory Committee on Post Adjustment Questions In addition, during 1977, Hamzah Merghani, George A. Murphy consists of six members, of whom five are chosen from the geo- and Juergen Reimnitz served in an ad hoc consultative capacity. graphical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe and other States; and one, from the Interna- On 14 December 1977, the General Assembly confirmed the tional Civil Service Commission, who serves ex officio as Chair- appointment by the Secretary-General of Hamzah Merghani, man. David Montagu and Yves Oltramare as members of the Invest- Members are appointed by the Chairman of the Commission to ments Committee for a three-year term beginning on 1 January serve for four-year terms. With the appointment in January 1977 1978. of the initial, regular members, however, one member was to serve for three years, a second for two years, and a third for one Joint Advisory Group on the International year, so as to initiate the process of annual rotation. Trade Centre UNCTAD/GATT The Advisory Committee held its second session at Montreal, The Joint Advisory Group was established in accordance with Canada, from 13 to 19 July 1977. an agreement between UNCTAD and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)5 with effect from 1 January 1968, the Members: date on which the International Trade Centre commenced opera- To serve until 31 December 1977: E. N. Omaboe (Ghana).* tions under the joint sponsorship of UNCTAD and GATT. To serve until 31 December 1978: Geoffrey H. Moore (United Participation in the Joint Advisory Group is open to all States States). members of UNCTAD and to all Contracting Parties to GATT. To serve until 31 December 1979: A. F. Revenko (USSR).† The Group meets annually and relies on a Technical Commit- To serve until 31 December 1980: Bernardo Ferrán (Venezuela), tee, an 18-member intergovernmental group of trade promotion Yuki Miura (Japan). experts, for the review of the Centre's work programme and orga- Ex-officio member: Pascal Frochaux, Chairman (Switzerland). nizational structure. The Joint Advisory Group held its tenth session at Geneva, * Did not attend the second session. from 18 to 21 January 1977. † Replaced Y. N. Batovrin (USSR), who resigned on 7 April 1977. Chairman: Kahono Martohadinegoro (Indonesia). Vice-Chairmen: A. S. Horoszkiewicz (Poland), J. C. Raimondi International Law Commission (Argentina). The International Law Commission consists of 25 persons of recognized competence in international law, elected by the Gen- Joint Inspection Unit eral Assembly to serve in their individual capacities for a five-year In accordance with the statute of the Joint Inspection Unit, ap- term. Vacancies occurring within the five-year period are filled by proved by the General Assembly in 1976 to take effect on 1 Jan- the Commission. uary 1978,6 the Unit was to consist of not more than 11 Inspec- The Commission held its twenty-ninth session at Geneva, from tors to be appointed by the Assembly from candidates nominated 9 May to 29 July 1977. by Member States following prescribed consultations. The In- spectors, to be chosen for their special experience in national or Members (until 31 December 1981): Roberto Ago (Italy); Mo- international administrative and financial matters, with due regard hammed Bedjaoui, Rapporteur (Algeria); Juan Jose Calle y for equitable geographical distribution and reasonable rotation, Calle (Peru); Jorge Castañeda (Mexico); Emmanuel Kodjoe were to serve in their personal capacities. Dadzie (Ghana); Leonardo Díaz-González (Venezuela); Ab- The duration of the appointment was to be for five years. To dullah El-Erian (Egypt); Laurel B. Francis (Jamaica); S. P. Ja- ensure continuity in the membership, however, six of the Inspec- gota (India); Frank X. J. C. Njenga (Kenya); Christopher W. tors to be appointed from 1 January 1978 were to serve for a full Pinto (Sri Lanka); Robert Q. Quentin-Baxter (New Zealand); term and the remainder, for three years. Paul Reuter (France); Willem Riphagen (Netherlands); Milan The current members of the Unit were to continue in office until Sahovic (Yugoslavia); Stephen M. Schwebel (United States); the expiration of their term on 31 December 1977. Jose Sette Camara, First Vice-Chairman (Brazil); Sompong Sucharitkul (Thailand); Abdul Hakim Tabibi (Afghanistan);* Dou- Members (until 31 December 1977): Maurice Bertrand, Chairman dou Thiam (Senegal); Senjin Tsuruoka (Japan); N. A. Ushakov (until 30 June 1977) (France); A. S. Bryntsev, Vice-Chairman (USSR); Sir Francis Vallat, Chairman (United Kingdom); Ste- (from 1 July 1977) (USSR); Enrique Ferrer-Vieyra (Argentina); phan Verosta (Austria); Alexander Yankov, Second Vice- Sreten Ilic (Yugoslavia); Chandra S. Jha (India); Cecil E. King Chairman (Bulgaria). (United Kingdom); Joseph A. Sawe, Vice-Chairman (until 30 June 1977), Chairman (from 1 July 1977) (United Republic * Elected by the Commission on 19 May 1977 to fill the vacancy of Tanzania); Earl D. Sohm (United States). created by the death of Edvard Hambro (Norway). 5 For further information on GATT, see PART TWO, CHAPTER XVII of this Investments Committee volume. 6 The Investments Committee consists of nine members ap- See Y.U.N., 1976, pp. 920-23, resolution 31/192 of 22 December 1976, pointed by the Secretary-General, after consultation with the containing text of Statute. The structure of the United Nations 1203

On 14 December 1977, the General Assembly appointed the Panel of External Auditors following 11 members for terms to begin on 1 January 1978: The Panel of External Auditors consists of the members of the United Nations Board of Auditors and the appointed external au- To serve until 31 December 1980: Isaac Newton Kofi Atiase ditors of the specialized agencies and the International Atomic (Ghana), Maurice Bertrand (France), Alfred Nathaniel Forde Energy Agency. (Barbados), Sreten Ilic (Yugoslavia), Earl D. Sohm (United States). Panel of Military Experts To serve until 31 December 1982: Mark Alien (United Kingdom), The General Assembly's "Uniting for Peace" resolution8 called A. S. Bryntsev (USSR), Sharif Padmadisastra (Indonesia), Julio for the appointment of military experts to be available, on request, C. Rodríguez Arias (Argentina), Joseph A. Sawe (United Re- to United Nations Member States wishing to obtain technical ad- public of Tanzania), Zakaria Sibahi (Syrian Arab Republic). vice on the organization, training and equipment of elements with- in their national armed forces which could be made available, in Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency accordance with national constitutional processes, for service as of the United Nations a unit or units of the United Nations upon the recommendation of The Negotiating Committee on the Financial Emergency of the the Security Council or the General Assembly. United Nations, which was to consist of 54 Member States des- ignated by the President of the General Assembly, did not meet in Peace Observation Commission 1977. The Peace Observation Commission did not meet in 1977

Members:* Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Canada, Members (until 31 December 1977):* Czechoslovakia, France, Chad, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Honduras, India, Israel, New Zealand, Pakistan, Sweden, Gabon, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay. public of, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ire- land, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Libyan * Reappointed by the General Assembly on 16 December 1977 Arab Republic, Malawi, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, for a two-year period with effect from 1 January 1978. Philippines, Poland, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Trini- dad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom Preparatory Committee for the Special Session of the United States, Upper Volta, Venezuela. General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament The 54-member Preparatory Committee for the Special Ses- * Six seats remained unfilled in 1977. sion of the General Assembly Devoted to Disarmament held three sessions during 1977, all at United Nations Headquarters, New Office of the United Nations High Commissioner York: its first (organizational) session, from 28 to 30 March; its for Refugees (UNHCR) second, from 9 to 20 May; and its third, from 31 August to 9 Sep- tember. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER'S PROGRAMME Members:* Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Ban- The Executive Committee held its twenty-eighth session at Ge- gladesh, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Burundi, Canada, Colombia, neva, from 4 to 12 October 1977. Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Guyana, Hungary, Members: Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, China,* Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Federal Re- Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, public of, Greece, Holy See, Iran, Israel, Italy, Lebanon, Mada- Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Spain, gascar,* Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, USSR, United Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United Republic of Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zam- Tanzania, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. bia.

* Not represented at the twenty-eighth session. * Appointed by the President of the thirty-first session of the General Assembly, as stated in his communication of 7 February Chairman: J. Cappelen (Norway). 1977 to the Secretary-General. Vice-Chairman: M. Mitic (Yugoslavia). Rapporteur: K. Ahmed (Nigeria). Chairman: Carlos Ortiz de Rozas (Argentina). Vice-Chairmen: Isao Abe (Japan), Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees: Sadruddin Aga Ralph L Harry (Australia), Fereydoun Hoveyda (Iran), Henryk Khan.* Jaroszek (Poland), Livingston Basil Johnson (Bahamas), Jaksa Petric (Yugoslavia), Oscar Vaerno (Norway). * On 8 December 1977, the General Assembly elected Poul Rapporteur: Saad Ahmed Alfarargi (Egypt). Hartling as United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for a five-year term beginning on 1 January 1978. Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development SUB-COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE The Committee on Science and Technology for Development ON INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION (see below, under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL) During 1977, the Sub-Committee of the Whole on International was designated by the General Assembly to act as the Prepara- Protection held one meeting, on 3 October, at Geneva. tory Committee for the United Nations Conference on Science The officers of the Executive Committee's twenty-eighth ses- and Technology for Development to be held in 1979. sion served as officers of the Sub-Committee. The Preparatory Committee, which is open to participation of all States, reports to the Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. It held its first session (the first special session of the Panel for Inquiry and Conciliation Committee on Science and Technology for Development acting The Panel for Inquiry and Conciliation was established by the 7 7 General Assembly in 1949. It was to consist of qualified persons, See Y.U.N., 1948-1949, pp. 416-17, text of resolution 268 D (III) of designated by United Nations Member States, each to serve for a 28 April 1949. term of five years. 8 See Y.U.N., 1950, pp. 193-95, text of resolution 377(V) of 3 November The Panel was not called upon in 1977. 1950. 1204 Appendix III as the Preparatory Committee) at United Nations Headquarters, Members: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, New York, from 31 January to 14 February 1977. Brazil (Vice-Chairman),* Canada (Vice-Chairman), Czechoslo- vakia (Vice-Chairman)* Denmark, Egypt (Rapporteur), El Sal- Chairman: Arcot Ramachandran (India). vador, Ethiopia, France, Hungary, India, Iraq, Italy, Japan Vice-Chairmen: Mohamed Baha El-Din Fayez (Egypt), Peter Jan- (Vice-Chairman), Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria kowitsch (Austria), Nicolae Nicolae (Romania). (Chairman), Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Sierra Leone, Spain, Rapporteur: Anne-Marie de Grant (Venezuela). Thailand, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. On 15 December 1977, the General Assembly decided that the Committee on Science and Technology for Development, when * Resigned from the Special Committee: Brazil, by a letter of acting as the Preparatory Committee, should be open to the par- 19 December 1977 to the Secretary-General; Czechoslovakia, by ticipation of all States as full members. a letter of 16 September 1977 to the President of the General Assembly. Replacing them were the German Democratic Re- Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference public and Guatemala, whose appointments were announced on on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries 15 and 21 December, respectively, by the Assembly President. The Committee on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries, a sessional committee of the Governing Council of the WORKING GROUP United Nations Development Programme (see below, under THE Members: Argentina, France, India, Pakistan, USSR, United ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL), was designated by the Kingdom, United States, and the officers of the Special General Assembly to function as the Preparatory Committee for Committee on Peace-keeping Operations. the United Nations Conference on Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries to be held in 1978. Special Committee on the Charter of the United The Preparatory Committee, open to the participation of all Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role Member States of the United Nations as full members, held two of the Organization sessions in 1977, both at United Nations Headquarters, New The 47-member Special Committee on the Charter of the York: its first session, from 10 to 17 January; and its second, from United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organi- 20 to 26 September. zation held a series of meetings at United Nations Headquarters, New York, between 14 February and 11 March 1977. Chairman: Slobodan Ristic (Yugoslavia). Vice-Chairmen: Benjamin I. Bassin (Finland); Raül Desmarás- Members: Algeria, Argentina, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, China, Luzuriaga (Argentina) (first session), Jose Andres (Argentina) Colombia, Congo, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, Egypt, El (second session); Christo Kossev (Bulgaria). Salvador, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Ger- Rapporteur: Gillane Allam (Egypt). many, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, India, In- donesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Liberia, Mexico, Special Committee against Apartheid Nepal,* New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Members: Algeria, German Democratic Republic, Ghana, Romania, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Guinea, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Re- Zambia. public, Trinidad and Tobago, Ukrainian SSR. * Not represented at the 1977 meetings. Chairman: Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria). Vice-Chairmen: Serge Elie Charles (Haiti), V. N. Martynenko Chairman: Bengt H. G. A. Broms (Finland). (Ukrainian SSR). Vice-Chairmen: Miguel Albornoz (Ecuador), Shirley Yema Gbu- Rapporteur: Putrevu J. Rao (India). jama (Sierra Leone), Siegfried Zachmann (German Democratic Republic). SUB-COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS AND INFORMATION Rapporteur: Noegroho Wisnoemoerti (Indonesia). Members: Algeria (Chairman), German Democratic Republic, Nepal, Somalia, Trinidad and Tobago. On 14 February 1977, the Special Committee established an open-ended Working Group whose officers were the same as SUB-COMMITTEE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION those of the Special Committee. OF UNITED NATIONS RESOLUTIONS AND COLLABORATION WITH SOUTH AFRICA Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Members: Ghana (Chairman), Hungary, Malaysia, Peru, Sudan. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Members: Afghanistan, Australia, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Congo, Special Committee on Enhancing the Effectiveness Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, of the Principle of Non-Use of Force in Iraq, Ivory Coast, Mali, Norway,* Sierra Leone, Syrian Arab International Relations Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, USSR, United Re- On 19 December 1977, the General Assembly decided to estab- public of Tanzania, Yugoslavia. lish a special committee of 35 Member States to consider pro- posals for a world treaty on the non-use of force in international * Withdrew from the Special Committee with effect from 31 De- relations, with a view to drafting the treaty or to making other rec- cember 1977. The resultant vacancy was to be filled by Sweden, ommendations as appropriate. Members were to be appointed whose appointment, from 1 January 1978, was confirmed by the by the President of the Assembly according to a scheme pro- General Assembly on 7 December 1977. viding equitable geographical representation as well as representa- tion of the principal legal systems of the world. Chairman: Salim Ahmed Salim (United Republic of Tanzania). By the end of 1977, the members had not been appointed. Vice-Chairmen: Frank Owen Abdulah (Trinidad and Tobago), Neytcho Neytchev (Bulgaria), Tom Eric Vraalsen (Norway). Rapporteur: Sami Glayel (Syrian Arab Republic). Special Committee on Peace-keeping Operations During 1977, the Special Committee on Peace-keeping Opera- WORKING GROUP tions held meetings at United Nations Headquarters, New York, In 1977, the Working Group of the Special Committee, which on 14 February, 17 June and 1 December. functions as a steering committee, consisted of the Congo, Cuba, The structure of the United Nations 1205

Iran, Tunisia; the five officers of the Special Committee; and the act as the Executive Board of the United Nations Capital De- Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Small Territories. velopment Fund.

SUB-COMMITTEE ON PETITIONS, Managing Director (provisional):* F. Bradford Morse. INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE Members: Bulgaria (Chairman), Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, * On 15 December 1977, the General Assembly reconfirmed its Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Mali, Norway, Sierra Leone, Syrian Arab 1967 decision10 that, on a provisional basis, the Administrator of Republic, Tunisia. UNDP would be asked to act as the Managing Director of the United Nations Capital Development Fund. SUB-COMMITTEE ON SMALL TERRITORIES Members: Afghanistan, Australia (Rapporteur), Bulgaria, Chile, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Congo, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast (Chairman), Mali, Norway, Trinidad and EXECUTIVE BOARD Tobago, Yugoslavia. The Executive Board of the United Nations Children's Fund re- ports to the Economic and Social Council, and, as appropriate, to Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices the Assembly. (See below, under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of COUNCIL) the Occupied Territories Members: Senegal (Chairman), Sri Lanka, Yugoslavia. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Special Committee to Select the Winners of The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law the United Nations Human Rights Prize consists of 36 members elected by the General Assembly, in ac- The Special Committee to Select the Winners of the United Na- cordance with a formula providing equitable geographical repre- tions Human Rights Prize was established pursuant to a 1966 sentation and adequate representation of the principal economic resolution of the General Assembly9 recommending that a prize or and legal systems of the world. Members serve for six-year terms. prizes in the field of human rights be awarded not more often than The Commission held its tenth session at Vienna, from 23 May at five-year intervals. Prizes were awarded for the second time on to 17 June 1977. 26 October 1973. The Special Committee did not meet in 1977. Members: To serve until the day preceding the Commission's regular an- Members: The President of the General Assembly, the President nual session in 1980: Argentina, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, of the Economic and Social Council, the Chairman of the Bulgaria, Cyprus,* Czechoslovakia, Gabon,* Germany, Federal Commission on Human Rights, the Chairman of the Commis- Republic of, Greece, Hungary, India, Kenya,* Mexico, Philip- sion on the Status of Women, and the Chairman of the Sub- pines, Sierra Leone,* Syrian Arab Republic,* United States, Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Zaire. Minorities. To serve until the day preceding the Commission's regular an- nual session in 1983: Australia, Austria, Burundi,* Chile, Co- United Nations Administrative Tribunal lombia, Egypt, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Members: Ghana, Indonesia, Japan, Nigeria, Singapore, USSR, United To serve until 31 December 1977: Francis T. P. Plimpton, Second Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania.* Vice-President (United States); Sir Roger Bentham Stevens (United Kingdom). * Not represented at the tenth session. To serve until 31 December 1978: Francisco A. Forteza (Uru- guay); Endre Ustor (Hungary). Chairman: Nehemias Gueiros (Brazil). To serve until 31 December 1979: Mrs. Paul Bastid, First Vice- Vice-Chairmen: Oyinwole Adeniji (Nigeria), Maurice H. Byers President (France); Mutuale Tshikankie (Zaire); R. Venkatara- (Australia), Shinichiro Michida (Japan). man, President (India). Rapporteur: Ludvik Kopac (Czechoslovakia).

On 11 November 1977, the General Assembly reappointed WORKING GROUP ON Francis T. P. Plimpton (United States) and Sir Roger Bentham INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS Stevens (United Kingdom) for a three-year term beginning on The Working Group on International Negotiable Instruments 1 January 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December held its fifth session at United Nations Headquarters, New York, 1977. from 18 to 29 July 1977.

Members: Egypt,* France, India, Mexico, Nigeria,* USSR, United United Nations Capital Development Fund Kingdom, United States. The United Nations Capital Development Fund was set up as an organ of the General Assembly to function as an autonomous * Not represented at the fifth session. organization within the United Nations framework, with the control of its policies and operations to be exercised by a 24-member Ex- Chairman: Rene Roblot (France). ecutive Board elected by the General Assembly from Members of Rapporteur: Roberto Luis Mantilla-Molina (Mexico). the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The chief executive offi- WORKING GROUP ON THE cer of the Fund, the Managing Director, exercises his functions INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS under the general direction of the Executive Board. The Executive The Working Group on the International Sale of Goods held its Board reports to the General Assembly through the Economic eighth session at United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 4 and Social Council. to 14 January; and its ninth session at Geneva, from 19 to 30 September 1977. EXECUTIVE BOARD On 15 December 1977, the General Assembly reconfirmed its 9 See Y.U.N., 1966, pp. 457-60, text of resolution 2217 A (XXI) of 19 De- 10 1967 decision that, on a provisional basis, the Governing Coun- cember 1966, esp. Recommendation C of Annex. cil of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (see 10 See Y.U.N., 1967, p. 372, text of resolution 2321 (XXII) of 15 December below, under THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL) would 1967. 1206 Appendix III

Members: Austria, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, France, Ghana, Hun- such notifications, the President announces the membership of gary, India, Japan, Kenya,* Mexico, Philippines, Sierra Leone,* the Board at the commencement of its following regular, special USSR, United Kingdom, United States. or resumed session.

* Not represented at the ninth session. Members: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Barbados,* Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chairman: Jorge Barrera-Graf (Mexico). Burma, Byelorussian SSR, Canada, Central African Empire, Rapporteur: Gyula Eorsi (Hungary). Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea,* Den- United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine mark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethio- Members: France, Turkey, United States. pia, Finland, France, Gabon, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, United Nations Conference on Trade Guyana,* Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, and Development (UNCTAD) Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia,* Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, consists of those States which are Members of the United Nations Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,* Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, or members of the specialized agencies or the International Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Neth- Atomic Energy Agency. erlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Po- TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD land, Portugal, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Romania, Saudi Ara- The Trade and Development Board is a permanent organ of the bia, Senegal, Sierra Leone,* Singapore, Somalia. Spain, Sri United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Its mem- Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, bership is drawn from the following four groups of States mem- Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, bers of UNCTAD: Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania,† United States, Uru- Group A. Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, guay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire. Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burma, Burundi, Cape Verde, Cen- tral African Empire, Chad, China, Comoros, Congo, Democratic * Became a member on 25 April 1977. Kampuchea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Demo- † Became a member on 23 August 1977. cratic Yemen, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Iran, SESSIONS Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's During 1977, the Trade and Development Board held the fol- Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab lowing sessions, all at Geneva: its eighth special session, from Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, 25 April to 4 May; the second part of its sixteenth session, on Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, 4 May; the first part of its seventeenth session, from 23 August to Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philip- 2 September; and the first part of its ninth special session, from 5 pines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome to 10 September. and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,* Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, OFFICERS (BUREAU) OF THE BOARD Swaziland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Eighth special session and sixteenth session (second part) Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon, President: K. G. Lagerfelt (Sweden). United Republic of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Viet Nam, Yemen, Vice-Presidents: Ivan Anastassov (Bulgaria), Mario Carias (Hon- Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia. duras), Susanta de Alwis (Sri Lanka), Dia Allah EI-Fattal Group B. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, (Syrian Arab Republic), Amine Kherbi (Algeria), Frans J. C. Finland, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Holy Klinkenbergh (Netherlands), W. H. Montgomery (Canada), See, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, H. S. Pankine (USSR), Masaki Seo (Japan),* Herbert S. Walker Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, (Jamaica). San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Rapporteur: Joseph Muliro (Kenya). Kingdom, United States. Group C. Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, *Elected on 25 April 1977 to replace Makoto Taniguchi Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El (Japan), who was unable to attend the eighth special session. Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Ja- maica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Seventeenth session (first part) Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela. and ninth special session (first part) Group D. Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussian SSR, Czechoslovakia, President: Susanta de Alwis (Sri Lanka). German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Vice-Presidents: Juan Antonio de Castro (Spain), Omran El- Ukrainian SSR, USSR. Shafei (Egypt), Tibor Fabian (Hungary), Jean Fevre (France), Per Haugestad (Norway), M. Humayun Khan (Pakistan), Martin * Became a member of UNCTAD after the fourth (1976) ses- Nzue Nkoghe (Gabon), V. I. Peshkov (Byelorussian SSR), Juan sion of the Conference and, by decision of the Board on 5 Octo- Jose Real (Uruguay), Masaki Seo (Japan). ber 1976, to be treated as if it were among the countries listed in Rapporteur: Jose Carlos Barona Chambón (Mexico).* Group A for the purpose of elections, pending approval by the Conference at its fifth (1979) session. * Did not attend the first part of the ninth special session; re- placed by Sergio Delgado (Mexico), who was designated by the On 20 September 1977, Djibouti became a Member of the Board on 5 September 1977. United Nations and, ipso facto, of UNCTAD. Its group listing for the purpose of elections was not decided upon by the Board in 1977. SUBSIDIARY ORGANS OF THE TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD BOARD MEMBERS The membership of the Board is open to all States members of The main committees of the Board are open to the participation UNCTAD. Those wishing to become members of the Board of all interested States members of UNCTAD, on the under- communicate their intention to the Secretary-General of UNCTAD, standing that those wishing to attend a particular session of one or for transmittal to the President of the Board. On the basis of more of the main committees communicate their intention to the The structure of the United Nations 1207

Secretary-General of UNCTAD during the preceding regular ses- Uganda,** USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cam- sion of the Board. On the basis of such notifications, the Board eroon, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire,†** determines the membership of the main committees. Zambia.‡

COMMITTEE ON COMMODITIES * Represented only at the first part of the first session. The Committee on Commodities did not meet in 1977. † Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on 4 May 1977, thus bringing the total membership of the Committee Members: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, to 88. Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Central ** Represented only at the second part of the first session. African Empire, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, ‡ Not represented at the first session. Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Chairman: Mohammed Yunus (Pakistan). Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, German Democratic Re- Vice-Chairmen: Juan Antonio de Castro (Spain), I. Dimitrov (Bul- public, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guate- garia), Hisham AI-Khudhairy (Iraq), A. Samir Mokhtar (Egypt), mala, Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Juan José Real (Uruguay). Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Rapporteur: André Leroux (France). Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nige- On 30 August 1977, the Trade and Development Board de- ria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Re- clared Saudi Arabia elected to the Committee on Economic Co- public of Korea, Romania, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, operation among Developing Countries; on 1 September, it fur- Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab ther declared Somalia and the United Republic of Tanzania elected. Republic, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, With the addition of these three members, the Board confirmed Turkey, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of that the Committee, at its next regular (second) session, would Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania,* United States, Upper comprise 91 members. Volta, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Yugoslavia, Zaire. COMMITTEE ON INVISIBLES AND FINANCING * Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on RELATED TO TRADE 30 August 1977, thus bringing the total membership of the The Committee on Invisibles and Financing related to Trade Committee to 93. held the first part of its eighth session at Geneva, from 5 to 9 De- cember 1977. The Committee on Commodities has a Permanent Sub- Committee on Commodities. Members: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria,* Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Central COMMITTEE ON TUNGSTEN African Empire,* Chad, Chile, China,* Colombia, Costa Rica,* The Committee on Tungsten did not meet in 1977. Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea,* Denmark,* Dominican Republic,* Ecuador, Egypt, El Members: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Salvador, Ethiopia,* Finland, France, German Democratic Re- Canada, China, Cyprus, France, Gabon, Germany, Federal public,* Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Gua- Republic of, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, temala, Guinea, Honduras,* Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Rwanda, Spain, Swe- Iraq, Ireland,* Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,* Jamaica, Japan, den, Thailand, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. Kenya, Kuwait,* Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,* Madagas- car,* Malaysia, Mali,* Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, PERMANENT GROUP ON SYNTHETICS AND SUBSTITUTES New Zealand,* Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Pan- The Permanent Group on Synthetics and Substitutes did not ama,* Peru, Philippines, Poland,* Republic of Korea, Roma- meet in 1977. nia, Saudi Arabia,* Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic,* Thailand, Trinidad and To- Members: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chad, Egypt, France, Ger- bago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,* USSR, United Kingdom, many, Federal Republic of, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania,† Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Senegal, Sri United States, Upper Volta,† Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam,* Lanka, Sudan, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia,* Zaire. Viet Nam. * Not represented at the first part of the eighth session. COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION † Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 30 August 1977, thus bringing the total membership of the The Committee on Economic Co-operation among Developing Committee to 91. Countries held its first session, in two parts, at Geneva: the first part, from 7 to 8 February; and the second, from 2 to 9 May 1977. Chairman: Lars E. Toren (Sweden). Vice-Chairmen: Robert B. Alien (United States), Gregoria C. Ar- Members: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria,* Bangladesh, naldo (Philippines), J. Irukwu (Nigeria), Oszkar Porzse (Hun- Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Central African Em- gary), José Rafael Serrano (Ecuador). pire,†** Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,‡ Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Rapporteur: Antonio López Franco (Venezuela). Democratic People's Republic of Korea,†** Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia,** Finland, France, Gabon, Ger- COMMITTEE ON MANUFACTURES man Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, The Committee on Manufactures held its eighth session at Ge- Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana,‡‡ Honduras, India, Indo- neva, from 4 to 8 July 1977. At that session it had a membership nesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland,†** Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jor- of 85. dan, Kenya,‡ Kuwait,†** Lebanon,†** Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Members: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh,* Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria,* Canada, Central African Oman.†** Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland,†** Re- Empire,* Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica,* Cuba, Czecho- public of Korea, Romania, Senegal,†** Spain, Sri Lanka, slovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea,* Denmark, Sudan, Surinam,†‡ Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Re- Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,* Ethiopia,* public, Thailand, Togo,‡ Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Fed- 1208 Appendix III

eral Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras,* Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran,* Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Uganda, USSR, Coast,* Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya,* Libyan Arab Jamahi- United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. riya, Madagascar,* Malaysia, Mali,* Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco,* Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Paki- On 22 April 1977, the Committee on Shipping elected the fol- stan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, lowing 43 members for a three-year term beginning on 26 April Romania, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,* Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 25 April 1978: Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago,* Tunisia, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, United States, Upper Volta,* Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam,* France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- Yugoslavia, Zaire.* public of, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Mozambique, Nigeria, * Not represented at the eighth session. Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Spain, Sri Lanka, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, United Chairman: Felipe Jaramillo (Colombia). States, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. Vice-Chairmen: G. A. Falase (Nigeria), A. Hoda (India), J. M. Poswick (Belgium), Jaroslav Rynes (Czechoslovakia), Masaki Seo (Japan). COMMITTEE ON TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY Rapporteur: Somkiati Ariyapruchya (Thailand). The Committee on Transfer of Technology did not meet in 1977. On 30 August 1977, the Trade and Development Board de- clared the United Republic of Tanzania elected to the Committee on Members: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Manufactures and confirmed that with the addition of the new Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, member, the Committee, at its next regular (ninth) session, would Czechoslovakia, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Den- comprise 86 members. mark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, COMMITTEE ON SHIPPING Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indo- The Committee on Shipping held its eighth session at Geneva, nesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, from 12 to 22 April 1977. At that session it had a membership of Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malay- 83. sia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philip- Members: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belgium, pines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Sene- Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Central African Empire, Chile, gal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, China,* Colombia, Costa Rica,* Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Demo- Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, cratic People's Republic of Korea,* Denmark, Dominican Re- USSR, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic public, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, of Cameroon, United Republic of Tanzania,* United States, Gabon, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- Upper Volta, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. public of, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,* Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran,* Iraq, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast, * Declared elected by the Trade and Development Board on Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait,* Libyan Arab Jamahi- 30 August 1977, thus bringing the total membership of the riya, Madagascar,* Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius,* Mexico, Mo- Committee to 81. rocco,* Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Republic of SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON PREFERENCES Korea, Romania, Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, The Special Committee on Preferences held its eighth session Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,* USSR, United at Geneva, from 27 June to 1 July 1977. Represented at the ses- Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, United States, Upper sion were: Volta,* Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam,* Yugoslavia, Zaire. Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, * Not represented at the eighth session. Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, German Democratic Chairman: S. A. M. S. Kibria (Bangladesh). Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Gua- Vice-Chairmen: R. O. Adero (Kenya), Richard K. Bank (United temala, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory States), Alfredo Romero (Colombia), Shoji Tomita (Japan), Che Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mada- Fong Yee (Malaysia). gascar, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Neth- Rapporteur: G. A. Levikov (USSR). erlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, On 30 August 1977, the Trade and Development Board de- Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, clared Panama, Switzerland and the United Republic of Tanzania Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, elected to the Committee on Shipping; on 1 September, it further USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yu- declared Saudi Arabia elected. With the addition of these four goslavia, Zaire. members, the Board confirmed that the Committee, at its next regular (ninth) session, would comprise 87 members. Chairman: Miroslav Pravda (Czechoslovakia). Vice-Chairmen: D. Hall (United Kingdom), Washington Herrera WORKING GROUP ON (Ecuador), A. Hoda (India), Ludunge Kadahi (Zaire), INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING LEGISLATION W. H. Montgomery (Canada). The Working Group on International Shipping Legislation did Rapporteur: T. M. Sule (Nigeria). not meet in 1977.

Members (until 25 April 1978): Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Bul- United Nations Council for Namibia garia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Members: Algeria, Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Burundi, Ethiopia, France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Fed- Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Finland, Guyana, Haiti, eral Republic of, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, India, Indonesia, Liberia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ivory Coast, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico, Romania, Senegal, Turkey, USSR, Yugoslavia, Zambia. The structure of the United Nations 1209

President: Dunstan Weston Kamana (Zambia) (until 3 June nesia, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Norway, Philippines, Senegal, 1977), Gwendoline Chomba Konie (Zambia) (from 23 June Spain, Syrian Arab Republic,* United Republic of Tanzania,* 1977). Yugoslavia. Vice-Presidents: Rikhi Jaipal (India); Abdellatif Rahal (Algeria) (until 2 July 1977), Fathih Khaouane Bouayad-Agha (Algeria) * Not represented at the fifth session. (from 2 July 1977); Roberto de Rosenzweig-Díaz (Mexico). President: Ludwik Ochocki (Poland). United Nations Commissioner for Namibia: Martti Ahtisaari.* Vice-Presidents: Julius Gikonyo Kiano (Kenya), Hans Pflaumer (Germany, Federal Republic of), Anthony Spaulding (Jamaica). * On 4 November 1977, the General Assembly extended Martti Rapporteur: Namir Yousif Zainal (Iraq). Ahtisaari's appointment for a period of one year to expire on 31 December 1978. Executive Director of UNEP: Mostafa Kamal Tolba.

COMMITTEE ON THE UNITED On 15 December 1977, the General Assembly elected the fol- NATIONS FUND FOR NAMIBIA lowing 19 members for a three-year term beginning on 1 January Members: Finland, India, Nigeria, Romania (Rapporteur), Sen- 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977: Alge- egal, Turkey, Yugoslavia; the President of the Council (ex-officio ria, Austria, Brazil, Colombia, Denmark, Germany, Federal Re- Chairman). public of, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Netherlands, Pakistan, Romania, Tunisia, USSR, United States, STANDING COMMITTEE I Venezuela, Zaire. Members: Algeria, China, Colombia, Finland, Haiti, Indonesia, Nigeria, Poland, Senegal (Chairman), Turkey (Vice-Chairman), ENVIRONMENT CO-ORDINATION BOARD USSR, Zambia. The membership of the Environment Co-ordination Board in- cludes: the Secretary-General of the United Nations; the executive STANDING COMMITTEE II heads of the specialized agencies and the International Atomic Members: Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Chile, Guyana Energy Agency; the Secretary-General of the United Nations (Chairman), Liberia (Vice-Chairman), Mexico, Pakistan, Roma- Conference on Trade and Development; the Executive Directors nia, Zambia. of the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Na- tions Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations STANDING COMMITTEE III Children's Fund, the United Nations Institute for Training and Re- Members: Algeria, Australia, Burundi, Colombia, Egypt (Vice- search, the World Food Programme and the United Nations Fund Chairman), India, Mexico, Nigeria, Yugoslavia (Chairman), for Population Activities; the Administrator of the United Nations Zambia. Development Programme; the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator; the STEERING COMMITTEE Rector of the United Nations University; and the Director-General In 1977, the Steering Committee consisted of the Council's of the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs President and three Vice-Presidents, the chairmen of its three and Trade. standing committees and the Rapporteur of the Committee on the Also participating in the work of the Board are the Executive United Nations Fund for Namibia. Directors of the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corpora- tions and the World Food Council and the Executive Secretaries United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) of the United Nations regional commissions. The Board meets under the chairmanship of the Executive Di- GOVERNING COUNCIL rector of the United Nations Environment Programme and reports The Governing Council of the United Nations Development annually to the Governing Council of UNEP. Programme reports to the Economic and Social Council and The Board held its seventh session at United Nations Head- through it to the General Assembly. (See below, under THE quarters, New York, on 28 October 1977. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL.) By a resolution of 20 December 1977, the General Assembly endorsed a recommendation of the Ad Hoc Committee on the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Restructuring of the Economic and Social Sectors of the United Nations System that the machinery for interagency co-ordination GOVERNING COUNCIL should be streamlined. Accordingly, steps were to be taken (in The Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Pro- 1978) to merge the Environment Co-ordination Board with the gramme consists of 58 members elected by the General Assem- Administrative Committee on Co-ordination. bly for three-year terms. Seats on the Governing Council are allocated as follows: 16 to United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation African States, 13 to Asian States, 10 to Latin American States, 13 to Western European and other States and 6 to Eastern Euro- ADVISORY BOARD pean States. The Advisory Board of the United Nations Habitat and Human The Governing Council, which reports to the Assembly through Settlements Foundation consists of: (a) up to 15 members, cho- the Economic and Social Council, held its fifth session at Nairobi, sen on a broad geographical basis and appointed in their per- Kenya, from 9 to 25 May 1977. sonal capacities for a term of two years by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme; and (b) the Execu- Members: tive Director of UNEP and the Administrator of the Foundation, To serve until 31 December 1977: Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Fin- who are ex-officio members and serve as Chairman and Rap- land, Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, porteur of the Board, respectively. Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Romania, Sudan, The Advisory Board held its second meeting on 29 and 30 April Switzerland, USSR, United States, Venezuela, Zaire. 1977 at Nairobi, Kenya. To serve until 31 December 1978: Belgium, Central African Em- pire,* Cyprus, Greece, Grenada,* Hungary, Iraq, Kuwait, Libe- Members: George Arthur Brown (Jamaica),* Adolf Ciborowski ria,* Mexico, New Zealand, Peru,* Poland, Rwanda, Somalia, (Poland),* Robert K. A. Gardiner (Ghana), A. M. Kaissouni Thailand, Togo,* Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay.* (Egypt),* Imelda R. Marcos (Philippines),* John Stadtler (United To serve until 31 December 1979: Argentina, Bangladesh, Bul- Kingdom), Maurice F. Strong (Canada), Hans Wuttke (Ger- garia, Canada, Chad,* China, France, Ghana, Guatemala,* Indo- many, Federal Republic of). 1210 Appendix III

Ex-officio members: The Executive Director of UNEP (Chairman) The Industrial Development Board held its eleventh session at and the Administrator of the Foundation (Rapporteur). Vienna, from 23 May to 6 June 1977.

* Did not attend the second meeting. BOARD MEMBERS To serve until 31 December 1977: Algeria, Brazil, Cuba, Czecho- Administrator of the United Nations Habitat and Human Settle- slovakia, France, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Ku- ments Foundation: Cesar Quintana.* wait, Malaysia, Netherlands, Peru, Sweden, United States. To serve until 31 December 1978: China, Denmark, Germany, * Appointed by the Secretary-General with effect from 1 June Federal Republic of, Greece, Grenada,* Iran, Iraq, Mexico, Ni- 1977. On 19 December 1977, the General Assembly decided that geria, Romania, Turkey, United Kingdom, United Republic of the United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation Cameroon, Upper Volta, Venezuela. would be administered by the Executive Director of the proposed To serve until 31 December 1979: Argentina, Austria, Belgium, United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat). Chad,* Finland, Hungary, Italy, Kenya,* Sudan, Swaziland,* Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, USSR, United Republic of Tanzania.* United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) * Not represented at the eleventh session.

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BOARD President: Ferhang Jalal (Iraq). The Industrial Development Board, the principal organ of the Vice-Presidents: Andre T. de Mesquita (Brazil), Endre Ivan (Hun- United Nations Industrial Development Organization, consists of gary), Wolfgang Wolte (Austria). 45 States elected by the General Assembly, on the basis of Rapporteur: Musa Awad Ballal (Sudan). equitable geographical distribution, to serve for three-year terms. States eligible for election to the Board are those which are Mem- Executive Director of UNIDO: Abd-EI Rahman Khane. bers of the United Nations or members of the specialized agen- cies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency. On 15 December 1977, the General Assembly elected the fol- The Board reports annually to the Assembly through the Eco- lowing 15 members of the Industrial Development Board for a nomic and Social Council. three-year term beginning on 1 January 1978 to fill the vacancies The Board's membership is drawn from the following four occurring on 31 December 1977: Brazil, Bulgaria, Democratic groups of States: Yemen, France, German Democratic Republic, India, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, List A. 18 of the following States: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Tunisia, United States. Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burma, Bu- rundi, Cape Verde, Central African Empire, Chad, China, PERMANENT COMMITTEE Comoros, Congo, Democratic Kampuchea, Democratic Yemen, The Permanent Committee has the same membership as the Djibouti,* Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Industrial Development Board and normally meets twice a year. Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia, Iran, During 1977, however, the Permanent Committee held only Iraq, Israel, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lao People's one session, its ninth, from 5 to 9 December, at Vienna, Austria. Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Chairman: Ferhang Jalal (Iraq). Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Vice-Chairmen: Paulo Cabral de Mello (Brazil), Endre Ivan (Hun- Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philip- gary), Wolfgang Wolte (Austria). pines, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Prin- Rapporteur: Musa Awad Ballal (Sudan). cipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singa- pore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syr- UNIDO ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CO-ORDINATION IN ian Arab Republic, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, United THE FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT (UNIDAC) Arab Emirates, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic The Advisory Committee on Co-ordination in the Field of In- of Tanzania, Upper Volta, Viet Nam,* Yemen, Yugoslavia, dustrial Development was established in accordance with one of Zaire, Zambia. the provisions of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on In- List B. 15 of the following States: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Can- dustrial Development and Co-operation,12 which was adopted on ada, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Federal 26 March 1975 by the Second General Conference of the United Republic of, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Nations Industrial Development Organization and endorsed by Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, New the General Assembly on 16 September 1975.13 Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Advisory Committee served as a forum for the harmoniza- Turkey, United Kingdom, United States. tion of the objectives, strategies and programmes of the United List C. 7 of the following States: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Nations system in the field of industrial development. In particular, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,† Dominican it sought to achieve new common approaches towards the major Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, issues of industrial development. Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Para- The membership of the Advisory Committee included, under guay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Vene- the chairmanship of the Executive Director of UNIDO, also the zuela. executive heads of the following: Department of Economic and List D. 5 of the following States: Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Social Affairs, as well as Office of Inter-Agency Affairs and Co- SSR, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, ordination (ex officio), of the United Nations; United Nations Poland, Romania, Ukrainian SSR, USSR. Conference on Trade and Development; United Nations Devel- opment Programme; United Nations Environment Programme; * Included in list A by a resolution of 15 December 1977 of the International Labour Organisation; Food and Agriculture Organi- General Assembly. zation of the United Nations; United Nations Educational, Scien- † At the elections to the Industrial Development Board held in tific and Cultural Organization; World Health Organization; Interna- 1966, 1968, 1971 and 1974, the General Assembly decided on each of those particular occasions and in each of those particular 11 See Y.U.N., 1966, pp. 302-6, text of resolution 2152(XXI) of 17 November cases that Cuba, at its request, be included among the States 1966. 11 listed in part D of the Annex to Assembly resolution 2152(XXI), 12 See Y.U.N., 1975, pp. 473-79. which dealt with, inter alia, the composition of the Board. 13 Ibid., pp. 348-54, text of resolution 3362(S-VII), esp. section IV. The structure of the United Nations 1211 tional Bank for Reconstruction and Development; World Intellec- The Board held its twenty-third session at Nairobi, Kenya, from tual Property Organization. 18 to 29 July 1977. By the end of 1977, the Advisory Committee had held three sessions: its first session, at Geneva, on 3 July 1975; its second Members: and third sessions, at Vienna, on 23 September 1976 and United Nations 21 September 1977, respectively. Representing the General Assembly: Representatives: M. Ma- By a resolution of 20 December 1977, the Assembly endorsed joli (Italy); M. G. Okeyo, Chairman (Kenya). Alternates: a recommendation of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Restructuring R. Schmidt (Germany, Federal Republic of); E. C. Garrido of the Economic and Social Sectors of the United Nations System (Philippines); S. Kuttner (United States); A. Marpaung (Indo- that the machinery for interagency co-ordination should be nesia). streamlined. Accordingly, steps were to be taken (in 1978) to Representing the Secretary-General: Representatives: merge the Advisory Committee with the Administrative Committee H. F. Debatin (Germany, Federal Republic of); N. Rathore on Co-ordination. (Pakistan). Alternates: R. Gieri (United States); W. H. Ziehl (United States); C. C. Timbrell (United States); S. Ivanko (USSR). United Nations Institute for Training and Representing the Participants: Representatives: A. A. García Research (UNITAR) (United States); P. K. Tsien (China). Alternates: A. J. Fried- The Executive Director of the United Nations Institute for Train- gut (South Africa); E. Albertal (Argentina); A. Tholle (Den- ing and Research, in consultation with the Board of Trustees of mark); D. F. Mant (United Kingdom). the Institute, reports, through the Secretary-General, to the Gen- International Labour Organisation eral Assembly and, as appropriate, to the Economic and Social Representing the Executive Head: Representative: A. Ali Council and other United Nations bodies. (India). Alternates: P. M. C. Denby (United Kingdom); N. MacCabe (Ireland). BOARD OF TRUSTEES Representing the Participants: Representative: S. Grabe The membership of the Board of Trustees of UNITAR consists (Sweden). Alternates: E. Ryser (Switzerland); W. Longerich of: (a) up to 24 members appointed in their personal capacities by (Germany, Federal Republic of). the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Presidents of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council; and (b) Representing the Executive Head: Representative: four ex-officio members. K. A. P. Stevenson (India). Alternatives: A. J. Bronsema The Board held its sixteenth session at United Nations Head- (Netherlands); J. A. C. Davies (Sierra Leone). quarters, New York, from 13 to 16 September 1977. Representing the Participants: Representative: P. Montanaro, Second Vice-Chairman (Italy). Alternates: T. Rivetta (Italy); Members (until 30 June 1979): Ole Algard (Norway);* Lord Eric A. Eid (Lebanon). Ashby (United Kingdom); Jean M. L. Baillou (France); Abdulla United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Yaccoub Bishara (Kuwait); Edvard Hambro (Norway);† Felipe Representing the Governing Body: Representative: N'Sougan Herrera, Chairman (Chile); Josphat Njuguna Karanja (Kenya); Agblemagnon (Togo). Johan Kaufmann (Netherlands);* T. T. B. Koh (Singapore); Representing the Participants: Representative: P. Coeytaux Manfred Lachs, Vice-Chairman (Poland); Gopalaswami Partha- (Switzerland). sarathi (India); Manuel Perez Guerrero (Venezuela); Harvey World Health Organization Picker (United States); Walter F. Rau (Germany, Federal Re- Representing the Governing Body: Representative: public of); Missoum Sbih (Algeria); Raymond Scheyven (Bel- Dr. A. Sauter (Switzerland). Alternate: L. A. Valle (Bolivia). gium); Toshio Shishido (Japan); Maurice F. Strong (Canada); Representing the Participants: Representative: C. Garcia, Inga Thorsson (Sweden); Brian E. Urquhart (Secretariat); Ar- Rapporteur (Spain). Alternate: G. Dazin (France). sene Assouan Usher (Ivory Coast); B. S. Vaganov (USSR);* International Civil Aviation Organization Piero Vinci (Italy). Representing the Governing Body: Representative: N. Nakano Ex-officio members: The Secretary-General, the President of the (Japan). General Assembly, the President of the Economic and Social Representing the Executive Head: Representative: N. Salathe Council and the Executive Director of UNITAR. (Switzerland). Alternate: S. E. Jayasekera (Sri Lanka). International Atomic Energy Agency * Appointed by the Secretary-General on 19 August 1977. Representing the Governing Body: Representative: L. Mo- † Died on 1 February 1977. dransky (Hungary). Representing the Executive Head: Representative: L. Alonso Executive Director of UNITAR: Davidson S. H. W. Nicol. de Huarte, First Vice-Chairman (Spain). World Meteorological Organization Representing the Governing Body: Representative: B. M. Pa- United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board dya (Mauritius). The United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board is composed of Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization 21 members, as follows: Representing the Executive Head: Representative: M. Landey (Canada). Alternate: K. Stangeland (Norway). Six appointed by the United Nations Staff Pension Committee International Telecommunication Union (two from members elected by the General Assembly, two from Representing the Participants: Representative: J. Balfroid those appointed by the Secretary-General, two from those (Belgium). elected by participants). Fifteen appointed by Staff Pension Committees of the other STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE PENSION BOARD member organizations of the United Nations Joint Staff Pension Members (elected at the Board's twenty-third session): Fund (two each by the following: International Labour Organi- sation; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na- United Nations (Group I) tions; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Orga- Representing the General Assembly: Representative: M. Ma- nization; World Health Organization; International Civil Aviation joli. Alternates: E. C. Garrido, M. G. Okeyo, S. Kuttner, Organization; International Atomic Energy Agency; and one R. Schmidt, A. Marpaung. each by the following: World Meteorological Organization; Representing the Secretary-General: Representative: Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization; Inter- H. F. Debatin. Alternate: N. Rathore. national Telecommunication Union). Representing the Participants: Representative: A. A. Garcia. 1212 Appendix III

Alternates: P. K. Tsien, A. J. Friedgut, E. Albertal, A. Tholle, United Nations Special Fund D. F. Mant. (to provide emergency relief and development assistance) Specialized agencies (Group II) Representing the Governing Body: Representative: BOARD OF GOVERNORS Dr. A. Sauter (WHO). Alternate: L. A. Valle (WHO). The Board of Governors of the United Nations Special Fund Representing the Executive Head: Representative: L. Alonso de consists of 36 members elected by the General Assembly from Huarte (IAEA). Alternate: D. J. Musk (ITU). among Members of the United Nations or members of the special- Representing the Participants: Representative: S. Grabe (ILO). ized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency. The Alternates: E. Ryser (ILO), W. Longerich (ILO). term of office is three years. Specialized agencies (Group III) The Board, which reports annually to the General Assembly Representing the Governing Body: Representative: N'Sougan through the Economic and Social Council, held its fourth session Agblemagnon (UNESCO). Alternate: G.-H. Dumont at United Nations Headquarters, New York, on 19 January 1977. (UNESCO). Representing the Executive Head: Representative: N. Salathé Members: (ICAO). Alternate: S. E. Jayasekera (ICAO). To serve until 31 December 1977:* Algeria, Argentina,† Czecho- Representing the Participants: Representative: P. Montanaro slovakia, India, Nigeria, Paraguay, Philippines,† Sri Lanka, (FAO). Alternates: T. Rivetta (FAO), A. Eid (FAO). Sweden, Turkey, Zaire,† To serve until 31 December 1978: Costa Rica,† France, Guyana, COMMITTEE OF ACTUARIES Japan, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan,† USSR, The Committee of Actuaries consists of five members, each rep- Upper Volta, Venezuela. resenting one of the five geographical regions of the United Na- To serve until 31 December 1979:* Ecuador, Fiji,† Grenada,† tions. Iran, Madagascar,† Mali, Netherlands, Syrian Arab Republic, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, Yugoslavia. Members: A. O. Ogunshola, Region I (African States); K. Takeu- chi, Region II (Asian States); E. M. Chetyrkin, Region III (East- * One seat remained unfilled in 1977. ern European States); G. Arroba, Region IV (Latin American † Not represented at the fourth session. States); R. J. Myers, Region V (Western European and other States). President: Ole Algard (Norway). Vice-Presidents: Miodrag M. Cabric (Yugoslavia), Kamal Gadir United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Salim (Sudan). Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) Rapporteur: Mian Qadrud-Din (Pakistan).

ADVISORY COMMISSION OF UNRWA Executive Director of the United Nations Special Fund: Gabriel The Advisory Commission of UNRWA met on 10 August 1977 Van Laethem (acting). at Amman, Jordan. On 15 December 1977, the General Assembly elected the fol- Members: Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan Lebanon, Syr- lowing members for a three-year term beginning on 1 January ian Arab Republic (Chairman), Turkey, United Kingdom, 1978 to fill six of the 13 vacancies as of 31 December 1977: Alge- United States. ria, Benin, Central African Empire, Czechoslovakia, Paraguay, Sri Lanka. At the same time the Assembly authorized the Economic WORKING GROUP ON THE FINANCING OF UNRWA and Social Council to hold elections (in 1978) for the remaining Members: France, Ghana (Vice-Chairman), Japan, Lebanon, vacancies. Norway (Rapporteur), Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey (Chair- man), United Kingdom, United States. United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Developing Countries Commissioner-General of UNRWA: Sir John Shaw Rennie (until The General Assembly established the United Nations Special 31 March 1977), Thomas W. McElhiney (from 1 April 1977). Fund for Land-locked Developing Countries on 15 December Deputy Commissioner-General of UNRWA: Thomas W. McEl- 197514 and approved its statute on 21 December 1976.15 The hiney (until 31 March 1977), Alan J. Brown (from 29 July 1977). Special Fund was to operate as an organ of the Assembly, with its policies and procedures to be formulated by a Board of Gover- nors. United Nations Scientific Advisory Committee The chief executive officer of the Special Fund, the Executive The United Nations Scientific Advisory Committee did not meet Director, to be appointed by the Secretary-General subject to the in 1977. confirmation of the Assembly, was to discharge his functions under the guidance and supervision of the Board of Governors Members: Brazil, Canada, France, India, USSR, United Kingdom, and an Executive Committee, if established. United States. The Executive Director was not appointed in 1977.

BOARD OF GOVERNORS United Nations Scientific Committee on the A 36-member Board of Governors of the United Nations Spe- Effects of Atomic Radiation cial Fund for Land-locked Developing Countries was to be elected The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of by the General Assembly from among Members of the United Atomic Radiation held its twenty-sixth session at Vienna, from 13 Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of the Interna- to 21 April 1977. tional Atomic Energy Agency, keeping in view the need for a bal- anced representation of the beneficiary land-locked developing Members: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czecho- countries and their transit neighbours, on the one hand, and po- slovakia, Egypt, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, tential donor countries on the other. India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Sudan, Swe- Members were to serve three-year terms, except that at the first den, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. election the terms of one third of the members were to expire at

14 Chairman: M. Klimek (Czechoslovakia). Ibid., pp. 387-88, text of resolution 3504(XXX). Vice-Chairman: F. E. Stieve (Germany, Federal Republic of). 15 See Y.U.N., 1976, pp. 355-57, text of resolution 31/177, containing Rapporteur: K. Sundaram (India). Statute. The structure of the United Nations 1213 the end of one year and those of a further third, at the end of two zuela); Seydou Madani Sy (Senegal);* Edward W. Weidner, years. Vice-Chairman (United States); Eric Eustace Williams (Trinidad The Board was to report annually to the Assembly through the and Tobago);† Keniz Fatima Yusuf (Pakistan). Economic and Social Council. To serve until 2 May 1983:** Estefania Aldaba-Lim (Philippines); On 21 December 1977, the Assembly deferred election of the Pawel Bozyk (Poland); Carlos Chagas (Brazil);† Wilbert Board to its thirty-third (1978) session. K. Chagula (United Republic of Tanzania); Jean Coulomb (France); P. N. Dhar (India); Shams El-Wakil (Egypt); Rev. Fe- United Nations Staff Pension Committee lipe E. MacGregor (Peru); Abdul Salam Majali (Jordan); Malu The United Nations Staff Pension Committee consists of three wa Kalenga (Zaire); Ines Wesley Tanaskovic (Yugoslavia); members elected by the General Assembly, three appointed by Stephan Verosta (Austria). the Secretary-General and three elected by the participants in the Ex-officio members: The Secretary-General, the Director-General United Nations Joint Staff Pension Fund. The term of office of the of UNESCO, the Executive-Director of UNITAR; and the Rector elected members is three years. of the University.

Members: * Reappointed with effect from 3 May 1977 to fill the vacancies Elected by Assembly (to serve until 31 December 1979): Mem- created by resignations during 1976. bers: E. C. Garrido; M. Majoli; M. G. Okeyo. Alternates: † Did not attend the ninth session. S. Kuttner; A. Marpaung; R. Schmidt, Chairman. ** Twelve members were appointed for a six-year term with ef- Appointed by Secretary-General (to serve until further notice): fect from 3 May 1977 to fill the vacancies which occurred the day Members: H. F. Debatin; S. Ivanko; C. C. Timbrell. Alternates: before. W. H. Ziehl; N. Rathore; R. Gieri. Elected by Participants (to serve until 31 December 1979): The Council maintained two standing committees during 1977: Members: A. A. Garcia; P. K. Tsien; A. J. Friedgut. Alternates: the Committee on Finance and Budget; and the Committee on E. Albertal; A. Tholle; D. F. Mant. Programmes and Institutional Relations (formerly the Programme Committee and the Committee on Institutional Relations). United Nations University Rector of the United Nations University: James M. Hester. COUNCIL OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY The Council of the United Nations University, the governing board of the University, consists of: (a) 24 members appointed World Food Council jointly by the Secretary-General and the Director-General of the The World Food Council, at the ministerial or plenipotentiary United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization level, functions as an organ of the United Nations and reports to (UNESCO), in consultation with the agencies and programmes the General Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. concerned, including the United Nations Institute for Training and It consists of 36 members, nominated by the Economic and So- Research (UNITAR), who serve in their personal capacities for cial Council and elected by the Assembly according to the follow- six-year terms; (b) the Secretary-General, the Director-General of ing pattern: nine members from African States, eight from Asian UNESCO and the Executive Director of UNITAR, who are ex- States, seven from Latin American States, four from socialist officio members; and (c) the Rector of the University, who is nor- States of Eastern Europe and eight from Western European and mally appointed for a five-year term. other States. Members serve for three-year terms. The Council held two sessions in 1977, both at Tokyo, Japan: During 1977, the World Food Council held its third session, its eighth, from 21 to 25 February; and its ninth, from 5 to 9 De- from 20 to 24 June, at Manila, Philippines. It was preceded by a cember. series of preparatory meetings held between 9 and 14 May, at Rome. Members (until 2 May 1977): Served until 2 May 1977: Jacob Festus Ade-Ajayi, Chairman (Ni- Members: geria); Jean Bernard (France);* Marcolino Gomes Candau To serve until 31 December 1977: Chad, Egypt, Hungary, Iran, (Brazil);* Ismail Ghanem, Vice-Chairman (Egypt); Janusz Italy, Japan, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, W. Golebiowski (Poland); Aklilu Habte (Ethiopia);* Reimut Jo- United Kingdom, Venezuela. chimsen (Germany, Federal Republic of); Gopalaswami Par- To serve until 31 December 1978: Argentina, Bangladesh, Can- thasarathi (India); Jose Luis Romero (Argentina); Victor Sahini ada, Germany, Federal Republic of, Indonesia, Mauritania, (Romania);* Seydou Madani Sy (Senegal);* Victor Luis Urquidi Mexico, Rwanda,* Somalia, Thailand, United States, Yugo- (Mexico). slavia. To serve until 2 May 7980:† Lord Asa Briggs, Vice-Chairman To serve until 31 December 1979: Australia, Cuba, France, Gua- (United Kingdom); Roger Gaudry (Canada); Hans Lowbeer temala,* Ivory Coast, Jamaica,* Madagascar, Nigeria, Pakistan, (Sweden); Yoshinori Maeda (Japan); Antonio Marussi (Italy); Philippines, Poland, USSR. Majid Rahnema, Vice-Chairman (Iran); Marcel Roche, Vice- Chairman (Venezuela); Edward W. Weidner, Vice-Chairman * Not represented at the third session. (United States); Eric Eustace Williams (Trinidad and Tobago);* Keniz Fatima Yusuf (Pakistan). President: Arturo R. Tanco, Jr. (Philippines). Ex-officio members: The Secretary-General, the Director-General Vice-Presidents: Jeremiah J. M. Nyagah (Kenya), Jorge Palacios of UNESCO, the Executive-Director of UNITAR; and the Rector Treviño (Mexico), Vladimir Stipetic (Yugoslavia). of the University. Rapporteur: Roger Bull (Canada).

* Did not attend the eighth session. Executive Director: John A. Hannah. † Two vacancies remained unfilled for the period ending 2 May 1977. On 14 December 1977, the Economic and Social Council nominated the following 12 States for election by the General As- Members (from 3 May 1977): sembly to membership in the World Food Council, for a three- To serve until 2 May 1980: Jacob Festus Ade-Ajayi, Chairman year term beginning on 1 January 1978, to fill the vacancies oc- (Nigeria);* Lord Asa Briggs, Vice-Chairman (United Kingdom); curring on 31 December 1977: Denmark, Gabon, German Demo- Roger Gaudry (Canada); Hans Lowbeer (Sweden); Yoshinori cratic Republic, Iran, Italy, Japan, Malawi, Morocco, Netherlands, Maeda (Japan); Antonio Marussi (Italy); Majid Rahnema, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela. They were elected Vice-Chairman (Iran); Marcel Roche, Vice-Chairman (Vene- by the Assembly on 15 December 1977. 1214 Appendix III

The Security Council

The Security Council consists of 15 Member States of the United Lieutenant-Colonel L. V. Vorobyev; Captain 2nd Rank A. P. Ko- Nations, in accordance with the provisions of Article 23 of the val (until 26 July 1977), Lieutenant-Colonel V. K. Efremov (from United Nations Charter as amended in 1965. 19 July 1977). United Kingdom. Army representatives: Lt.-Gen. Sir Rollo Pain; MEMBERS Brigadier Andrew Linton Watson (until 16 June 1977), Brigadier Permanent members: China, France, USSR, United Kingdom, David Houston (from 16 June 1977); Colonel Brian R. W. Bar- United States. ber; Major Charles John Dawnay (until 22 July 1977). Air Force Non-permanent members: Benin, Canada, Germany, Federal representatives: Air Commodore Neville S. Howlett (until Republic of, India, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mauritius, Pakistan, 9 September 1977), Air Commodore R. L. Davis (from 9 Sep- Panama, Romania, Venezuela. tember 1977); Group Captain Ernest S. Chandler. Navy repre- sentatives: Rear-Admiral Roy William Halliday (until 15 Novem- On 24 October 1977, the General Assembly elected Bolivia, ber 1977), Rear-Admiral Robert M. Burgoyne (from 15 Novem- Czechoslovakia, Gabon, Kuwait and Nigeria for a two-year term ber 1977); Captain Noel Bearne; Lieutenant-Commander beginning on 1 January 1978, to replace Benin, the Libyan Arab R. M. S. Hart (from 22 July 1977). Royal Marines representa- Jamahiriya, Pakistan, Panama and Romania, whose terms of of- tive: Colonel John Frederick Mottram (until 23 September fice were to expire on 31 December 1977. 1977), Colonel D. J. Brewster (from 23 September 1977). United States. Army representatives: Lieutenant General Edward PRESIDENTS Charles Meyer; Colonel William R. D. Jones. Air Force repre- The Presidency of the Council rotates monthly, according to the sentatives: Lieutenant General William G. Moore (until English alphabetical listing of its member States. The following 25 March 1977), Lieutenant General W. L. Creech (from 2 May served as Presidents during 1977: 1977); Colonel Nathaniel A. Gallagher (until 1 July 1977), Colo- nel John M. Kirk (from 29 July 1977). Navy representatives: Month Member Representative Vice Admiral Joseph P. Moorer (until 23 August 1977), Vice January USSR O. A. Troyanovsky Admiral W. J. Crowe, Jr. (from 23 August 1977); Captain Carl February United Kingdom Sir James Murray J. Lidel. March United States Andrew Young April Venezuela Simón Alberto Consalvi May Benin Thomas S. Boya Standing committees June Canada William H. Barton There are three standing committees of the Security Council, July China Chen Chu each composed of representatives of all Council members: August France Jacques Leprette September Germany, Federal Baron Rudiger von Committee of Experts (to examine the provisional rules of proce- Republic of Wechmar dure of the Council and any other matters entrusted to it by the October India Rikhi Jaipal Council) November Libyan Arab Mansur Rashid Kikhia Committee on Council Meetings Away from Headquarters Jamahiriya December Mauritius Sir Harold E. Walter Committee on the Admission of New Members Radha Krishna Ramphul Ad hoc bodies Collective Measures Committee The Collective Measures Committee reports to both the Gen- Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia eral Assembly and the Security Council. (See above, under THE The Ad Hoc Sub-Committee on Namibia consists of all the GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) members of the Security Council. It did not meet in 1977.

Disarmament Commission Committee of Experts Established by the The Disarmament Commission reports to both the General As- Security Council at its 1506th Meeting sembly and the Security Council. (See above, under THE GEN- (on the question of micro-States) ERAL ASSEMBLY.) The Committee of Experts consists of all the members of the Security Council. The chairmanship is rotated monthly in the Eng- lish alphabetical order of the member States. Military Staff Committee The Committee of Experts did not meet in 1977. The Military Staff Committee consists of the Chiefs of Staff of the permanent members of the Security Council or their repre- Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights sentatives. It met fortnightly throughout 1977; the first meeting of the Palestinian People was held on 6 January and the last, on 22 December. The Committee reports to the General Assembly, which also requested the Security Council to consider the question of the Members. exercise by the Palestinian people of its inalienable rights recog- China. Army representative and head of delegation: Hsu Yi-min. nized by the Assembly. (See above, under THE GENERAL AS- Air Force representative: Li Chih-hung. Navy representative: SEMBLY.) Feng Lieh-sun. Assistant to head of delegation: Huang Pao- hsiang. Security Council Committee Established by France. Army representatives: Brigadier-General C. Georges Resolution 421(1977) concerning the Fricaud-Chagnaud; Lieutenant-Colonel Bernard Gildas Four- Question of South Africa nier; Lieutenant-Colonel Gerard Henri Berge; Lieutenant- On 9 December 1977, the Security Council established a Colonel Roland Francis Dubois. Air Force representative: committee, consisting of all the members of the Council, which Lieutenant-Colonel Claude Cholin (until 18 July 1977), Colonel was, among other things, to study and recommend to the Council A. de Bernes de Longvilliers (from 18 July 1977). Navy repre- measures for the effective application of the mandatory arms em- sentative: Commander Michel Charles V. B. Debray. bargo against South Africa and to obtain further information from USSR. Armed Forces representatives: Rear Admiral I. P. Sa- all States regarding their implementation of the embargo. kulkin; Colonel V. N. Chernyshev (until 9 December 1977); The Committee did not meet in 1977. The structure of the United Nations 1215

Security Council Committee Established United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in pursuance of Resolution 253(1968) concerning Force Commander: Major-General Rais Abin. the Question of Southern Rhodesia The Committee consists of all the members of the Security United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) Council. Force Commander: Major-General Hannes Philipp. On 10 February 1977, the Committee elected Mansur Rashid Kikhia (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) Chairman, and on 28 April 1977 United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) it elected the delegations of Venezuela and India to provide the Special Representative of the Secretary-General in Cyprus: Ja- First Vice-Chairman and Second Vice-Chairman, respectively. vier Perez de Cuellar (until 20 December 1977), Rémy Gorge (acting) (from 21 December 1977). Security Council Special Mission to Benin Force Commander: Major-General James Joseph Quinn. (established by Security Council resolution 404(1977)) Members: India, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Panama (Chairman). United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) Chief Military Observer: Lieutenant-General Luis Tassara Gon- Special Committee against Apartheid zález (until 30 June 1977), Lieutenant-Colonel Pol. A. Bergevin The Special Committee against Apartheid reports to both the (acting) (from 1 July 1977). General Assembly and the Security Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) Representative of the Secretary-General in accordance with Security Council resolution 415(1977) Representative of the Secretary-General: Lieutenant-General PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS AND SPECIAL MISSIONS Dewan Prem Chand.*

Chief Co-ordinator of the United Nations Peace-keeping * Appointed by the Secretary-General, with the approval of the Missions in the Middle East Security Council, on 4 October 1977. Under the terms of the Se- Chief Co-ordinator: Lieutenant-General Ensio P. H. Siilasvuo. curity Council resolution requesting his appointment, the Repre- sentative of the Secretary-General was to enter into discussions with the British Resident Commissioner designate and with all the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization parties concerning the military and associated arrangements in Palestine (UNTSO) necessary to effect the transition to majority rule in Southern Chief of Staff: Major-General Emmanuel Alexander Erskine. Rhodesia.

The Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council consists of 54 Member States Sixty-third session: Geneva, 6 July-4 August 1977. of the United Nations, elected by the General Assembly, each for Resumed sixty-third session: United Nations Headquarters, New a three-year term, in accordance with the provisions of Article 61 York, 5, 17 and 31 October, and 2 and 14 December 1977. of the United Nations Charter as amended in 1965 and 1973. OFFICERS MEMBERS President: Ladislav Smid (Czechoslovakia). To serve until 31 December 1977: Argentina, Bulgaria, Canada, Vice-Presidents: Ole Algard (Norway); Mehdi Ehsassi (Iran); China, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Gabon, Edouard Longerstaey (Belgium); Abdalla Mahgoub (Sudan); Japan, Kenya, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, USSR, United Rafael Rivas (Colombia) (until 23 February 1977), Donald Kingdom, Yemen, Zaire. O. Mills (Jamaica) (from 23 February 1977). To serve until 31 December 1978: Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Greece, Malaysia, Nigeria, Portugal, Togo, Tuni- Subsidiary and other related organs sia, Uganda, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. To serve until 31 December 1979: Colombia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Ja- SUBSIDIARY ORGANS maica, Mauritania, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philip- In addition to three regular sessional committees, the Economic pines, Poland, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, and Social Council may, at each session, set up other committees Ukrainian SSR, United States, Upper Volta. and refer to them any question on the agenda for study and re- port. Such committees may be committees of the whole or of lim- On 24 October 1977, the General Assembly elected the follow- ited membership. ing 17 States as members of the Council: Argentina, Central Other subsidiary organs reporting to the Council consist of African Empire, China, Finland, Hungary, India, Japan, Lesotho, functional commissions, regional commissions, standing commit- Malta, Romania, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, USSR, United tees, expert bodies and ad hoc bodies. Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Cameroon, Those bodies marked * were set up or began to function during United Republic of Tanzania; and, on 28 November 1977, it 1977; those marked † were discontinued in 1977. elected the Dominican Republic, all for a three-year term begin- The interagency Administrative Committee on Co-ordination ning on 1 January 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 De- also reports to the Council. cember 1977. Sessional committees SESSIONS Economic Committee Organizational session for 1977: United Nations Headquarters, Policy and Programme Co-ordination Committee New York, 11-14 January 1977. Social Committee Third special session: United Nations Headquarters, New York, Ad Hoc Sessional Committee on human settlements*† 23 February 1977. Sixty-second session: United Nations Headquarters, New York, Functional commissions and subsidiaries 12 April-13 May 1977. Commission for Social Development 1216 Appendix III

Commission on Human Rights United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Ad Hoc Committee on Periodic Reports on Human Rights Executive Board Ad Hoc Working Group (established by Commission resolu- Committee on Administration and Finance tion 8(XXXI)) Programme Committee Ad Hoc Working Group of Experts (established by Commission United Nations Conference on Trade and Development resolution 2(XXIII)) (UNCTAD) Group of Three Established under the International Convention Trade and Development Board on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Apartheid* Governing Council Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protec- Budgetary and Finance Committee tion of Minorities Committee on Technical Co-operation among Developing Working Group (established by Sub-Commission resolu- Countries tion 2(XXIV)) Intergovernmental Working Group on Overhead Costs* Working Group (established by Sub-Commission resolu- Inter-Agency Consultative Board of UNDP (IACB) tion 11 (XXVI I)) United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) Working Groups (established by Commission deci- United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) sion 6(a)(XXXII)† and decision 5(XXXIII)*) Governing Council Commission on Narcotic Drugs United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Sub-Commission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in Industrial Development Board the Near and Middle East United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Working Group*† United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Commission on the Status of Women (UNRISD) Population Commission Board of Directors Statistical Commission United Nations Special Fund Board of Governors Regional commissions United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Developing Coun- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific tries (ESCAP) Board of Governors Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) United Nations University Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) Council of the United Nations University Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) World Food Council Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) World Food Programme Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes Standing committees Commission on Transnational Corporations Intergovernmental Working Group on a Code of Conduct Sessional committees Committee for Programme and Co-ordination Each of the sessional committees of the Economic and Social Committee on Housing, Building and Planning Council consists of the 54 members of the Council. Committee on Natural Resources Committee on Negotiations with Intergovernmental Agencies SESSIONAL COMMITTEES AND OFFICERS Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations Economic Committee. Chairman: Donald O. Mills (Jamaica). Committee on Review and Appraisal Vice-Chairmen: J. K. B. Kinsman (Canada), Mian Qadrud-Din Committee on Science and Technology for Development (Pakistan). Policy and Programme Co-ordination Committee. Chairman: Expert bodies Mehdi Ehsassi (Iran). Vice-Chairmen: Mohamed Benhocine Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Tech- (Algeria), Hans-Otto Neuhoff (Germany, Federal Republic of). nology to Development Social Committee. Chairman: Ole Algard (Norway). Vice- Committee for Development Planning Chairmen: Habiba A. Balogun (Nigeria), V. N. Martynenko Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (Ukrainian SSR). Group of Experts on Explosives Ad hoc Sessional Committee on human settlements. Chairman: Group of Rapporteurs of the Committee of Experts on the Abdalla Mahgoub (Sudan). Transport of Dangerous Goods Committee on Crime Prevention and Control Group of Experts on Tax Treaties between Developed and De- Functional commissions and subsidiaries veloping Countries United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Commission for Social Development The Commission for Social Development consists of 32 mem- Ad hoc bodies bers, elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Social Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group on the Problem of Cor- Council. rupt Practices Preparatory Sub-Committee for the World Conference to Combat Members: Racism and Racial Discrimination To serve until 31 December 1978: Costa Rica, Cyprus, Egypt, Finland, Gabon, Japan, Mali, Mexico, Romania, United Administrative Committee on Co-ordination Kingdom, Zaire. To serve until 31 December 1979: Dominican Republic, France, Grenada, Hungary, Indonesia, Lesotho, Mongolia, Netherlands, OTHER RELATED BODIES Sierra Leone, USSR, United States. Human Rights Committee To serve until 31 December 1980: Chile, Denmark, Ecuador, International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) Guinea, Iraq, Italy, Madagascar, Philippines, Poland, Turkey. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) The Commission held its twenty-fifth session at Geneva, from United Nations Capital Development Fund 17 January to 4 February 1977, with the following members and Executive Board their chief representatives: The structure of the United Nations 1217

Chile: Gregorio Amunategui; Jorge Cruz Badilla (alternate). Godoy (alternate). Rwanda: Fulgence Seminega; Antoine Costa Rica: Jorge Arturo Montero-Castro. Cyprus: Mikis Sparsis, Ntashmaje (alternate). Senegal: Kéba M'Baye; Abdoulaye Dièye Rapporteur. Denmark: Finn Nielsen; Lise Lynaes (alternate). (alternate). Sweden: Hans Danelius; John Hagard, Jan Stahl (al- Dominican Republic: Eudoro Sanchez y Sanchez;* Rolando Perez ternates). Syrian Arab Republic: Dia Allah EI-Fattal; Adnan Uribe (alternate). Ecuador: Gladys Pozo de Ruiz, Vice-Chairman; Jouman-Agha, Mawia Sheikh-Fadli (alternates). Turkey: Ercument Fernando Flores (alternate). Egypt: Ahmed Mohamed Khalifa; Yavuzalp; Elvend Kantar, Osman Koruturk; Unal Marasli, Kaya Ahmed Aboul Kheir, Leila Emara, (alternates). Finland: Tapani Pu- Toperi, Hasim Utkan (alternates). Uganda: Louis Kayanda Mwan- rola; Anna-Liisa Korhonen, Kirsti M. Valvio (alternates). France: gaguhunga.* USSR: V. A. Zorin; D. V. Bykov (alternate). United Jacqueline Bardeau; Jean Fernand-Laurent, Georges Gautier Kingdom: Sir Keith Unwin; David Broad (alternate). United States: (alternates). Gabon: (not represented). Guinea: Jeanne Martin Allard K. Lowenstein; Warren E. Hewitt (alternate). Upper Volta: Cisse, Vice-Chairman. Grenada: (not represented). Hungary: Charles Seriba Traore; Athanase Nanema (alternate). Uruguay: Iliona Gereb; Janos Varga (alternate). Indonesia: Ali Bustam; Carlos Giambruno; Aureliano Aguirre (alternate). Yugoslavia: Djadjat Dradjat (alternate). Iraq: Jawad M. Ghali. Italy: Maria An- Aleksandar Bozovic, Chairman; Zagorka Ilic (alternate). tonietta Cao-Pinna, Vice-Chairman; Daniele Occhipinti, Ludovico Ortona (alternates). Japan: Sadako Ogata; Tsutomu Tanaka (al- * Did not attend the thirty-third session. ternate). Lesotho: Julius Nako Tsoanamatsie. Madagascar: Jean-Jacques Maurice; Henry N. Rabary (alternate). Mali: (not On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected represented). Mexico: Agustin Arias Lazo; Jorge Berea Arce, Te- Australia, Brazil, Colombia, France, Iran, Poland, the United resa Margarita Roman Arista (alternates). Mongolia: Luvsandan- States and Yugoslavia; and on 12 May it elected Egypt, the Ivory zangyn Ider. Netherlands: G. Hendriks; R. G. Deibel, C. A. Everts Coast and Senegal, all for a three-year term beginning on 1 Jan- (alternates). Philippines: Narciso G. Reyes; Josue L. Villa (alter- uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977. nate). Poland: Michael Dobroczynski; Helena Dobrzynska (alter- nate). Romania: loan Voicu, Chairman; Constantin Ivascu (alter- AD HOC COMMITTEE ON nate). Sierra Leone: Rosalind Omolaja Forde. Turkey: Mustafa PERIODIC REPORTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS Aksin. USSR: L. Astafiev. United Kingdom: Albert Russell Gar- The Ad Hoc Committee on Periodic Reports on Human Rights ness Prosser; J. Chapman (alternate). United States: Jean held its 1977 meetings at Geneva, between 31 January and Picker; Lois J. Matteson (alternate). Zaire: Nyimi Nyimi; Ludunge 4 February. Kadahi, Lisembe Elebe (alternates). Members: India (Chairman/Rapporteur), Italy, Peru, Senegal, * Did not attend the twenty-fifth session. USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia.

Commission on Human Rights AD HOC WORKING GROUP The Commission on Human Rights consists of 32 members, (to inquire into the situation of human rights in elected for three-year terms by the Economic and Social Council. Chile, established by Commission on Human Rights resolution 8(XXXI) of 27 February 1975) Members: To serve until 31 December 1977: Byelorussian SSR, Costa Rica, Members: Ghulam Ali Allana, Chairman/Rapporteur (Pakistan); Ecuador, Egypt, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iran, Italy, Sen- Leopoldo Benites (Ecuador); Abdoulaye Dièye (Senegal); Felix egal, United States, Upper Volta, Yugoslavia. Ermacora (Austria); Marian J. T. Kamara (Sierra Leone). To serve until 31 December 1978: Bulgaria, Canada, Cuba, Jor- dan, Lesotho, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Rwanda, Turkey, United AD HOC WORKING GROUP OF EXPERTS Kingdom, Uruguay. (established by Commission on Human To serve until 31 December 1979: Austria, Cyprus, India, Nigeria, Rights resolution 2(XXIII) of 6 March 1967) Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Syrian Arab Republic, Sweden, Uganda, USSR. Members: Amjad Ali (India); Annan Arkyin Cato (Ghana); Humberto Diaz-Casanueva (Chile); Felix Ermacora (Austria); The Commission held its thirty-third session at Geneva, from Branimir M. Jankovic, Vice-Chairman (Yugoslavia); Kéba 7 February to 11 March 1977, with the following members and M'Baye, Chairman/Rapporteur (Senegal). their chief representatives: Austria: Felix Ermacora; Leonore Abele-Emich (alternate). Bul- GROUP OF THREE ESTABLISHED UNDER THE garia: Luben Pentchev; Kalin Mitrev (alternate). Byelorussian INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE SUPPRESSION SSR: L. I. Maksimov; V. I. Lukyanovich, A. V. Orlovski (alter- AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF APARTHEID nates). Canada: Yvon Beaulne; F. E. K. Chandler, R. Hurtubise, Pursuant to a resolution of 13 December 1976 of the General M. I. Massip (alternates). Costa Rica: Fernando Salazar; Merida Assembly,16 the Chairman of the thirty-third session of the Morales (alternate). Cuba: Carlos Lechuga Hevia, Vice-Chairman; Commission on Human Rights appointed the Group of Three on Miguel Alfonso Martinez, Humberto Rivero Rosario (alternates). 11 March 1977, as called for by article IX of the International Cyprus: Michael A. Triantafyllides; Loukis Loukaides, Andreas Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of V. Mavrommatis (alternates). Ecuador: Leopoldo Benites; Jose Apartheid, which was adopted by the Assembly on 30 November Rafael Serrano (alternate). Egypt: Omran El-Shafei, Vice- 197317 and which entered into force on 18 July 1976. Members of Chairman; Ahmed Aboul Kheir, Leila Emara, Dawlat Ibrahim Has- the Group are members of the Commission and also representa- san, Mervate Tallawy (alternates). Germany, Federal Republic of: tives of the States parties to the International Convention. Gerhard Jahn; Hartmut Hillgenberg, Christoph Merkel (alter- The Group of Three did not meet in 1977. nates). India: V. C. Trivedi; P. K. Gupta, Nina Sibal (alternates). Iran: Princess Ashraf Pahlavi; Manouchehr Fartash (alternate). Italy: Members: Cuba, Nigeria, Syrian Arab Republic. Giuseppe Sperduti, Vice-Chairman; M. Alessi (alternate). Jordan: Waleed M. Sadi; Kamal Hasa, Talal Hassan, Saleh Kabariti (al- SUB-COMMISSION ON PREVENTION OF ternates). Lesotho: Lekhanya E. Mathaba. Libyan Arab Jamahi- DISCRIMINATION AND PROTECTION OF MINORITIES riya: Kamel Hassan Maghur; Youssef Arebi, Attia Embark, Mo- The Sub-Commission consists of 26 members elected by the hamed Jamal Ghellali (alternates). Nigeria: G. A. Falase; Commission on Human Rights from candidates nominated by J. A. Adeosum, O. O. Somorin (alternates). Pakistan: Ghulam Ali 16 Allana;* M. Humayun Khan, Khalid Saleem, Rapporteur, Mo- Ibid., p. 577, text of resolution 31/80. 17 hammed Yunus (alternates). Panama: Dídimo Ríos,* Aquilino See Y.U.N., 1973, pp. 103-5, resolution 3068(XXVIII), containing text of Villamonte Ramos. Peru: Luis Marchand Stens;* Luis Chávez- International Convention. 1218 Appendix III

Member States of the United Nations, in accordance with a Members: Jose Joaquin Caicedo Perdomo (Colombia); Manou- scheme to ensure equitable geographical distribution. Members chehr Ganji (Iran); Branimir M. Jankovic (Yugoslavia); Kezia serve in their individual capacities as experts, rather than as gov- Njeri Egeria Kinyanjui (Kenya); Benjamin Charles George ernmental representatives, each for a three-year term. Whitaker, Chairman/Rapporteur (United Kingdom).

Members: Wisam Al-Zahawi (Iraq), Bali Ram Bhagat (India), Ab- WORKING GROUPS delwahab Bouhdiba (Tunisia), Jose Joaquín Caicedo Perdomo (to study situations revealing consistent patterns of (Colombia), W. Beverly Carter, Jr. (United States), Antonio gross and reliably attested violations of human rights) Cassese (Italy),* Aureliu Cristescu (Romania), I. J. D. Durlong (Nigeria), Manouchehr Ganji (Iran), Branimir M. Jankovic (Yu- Working Group established by Commission on goslavia), Renu Jotidilok (Thailand), Ahmed Mohamed Khalifa Human Rights decision 6(a)(XXXII) of 4 March 1976: (Egypt), Kezia Njeri Egeria Kinyanjui (Kenya), Antonio Members: Yvon Beaulne, Chairman/Rapporteur (Canada); Martínez-Báez (Mexico), Jose R. Martínez Cobo (Ecuador), Er- Aleksandar Bozovic (Yugoslavia); Luis Chávez-Godoy (Peru); nesto Navarro Richardson (Nicaragua), Erik Nettel (Austria), Waleed M. Sadi (Jordan); Fulgence Seminega (Rwanda). Gonzalo Ortiz Martin (Costa Rica), Mrs. Turkia Ould-Daddah (Mauritania), Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (Pakistan), Nicole Working Group established by Commission on Questiaux (France), Marc Schreiber (Belgium),* E. Kofi Sek- Human Rights decision 5(XXXIII) of 1 March 1977: yiamah (Ghana), Freddie A. Short (Sierra Leone), S. N. Smir- Members: Ghulam Ali Allana (Pakistan); Yvon Beaulne, nov (USSR), Benjamin Charles George Whitaker (United Chairman/Rapporteur (Canada); Zagorka Ilic (Yugoslavia); Kingdom). Fulgence Seminega (Rwanda); Aquilino Villamonte Ramos (Panama). *Elected by the Commission on Human Rights on 10 March 1977: Antonio Cassese (Italy), to replace Francesco Capotorti Commission on Narcotic Drugs (Italy), who resigned from the Sub-Commission in 1976; Marc The Commission on Narcotic Drugs consists of 30 members, Schreiber (Belgium), to replace T. C. van Boven (Netherlands), elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Social Council who resigned on 4 February 1977. from among the Members of the United Nations and of the spe- cialized agencies and the parties to the Single Convention on The Sub-Commission held its thirtieth session at Geneva, from Narcotic Drugs, 1961, with due regard to the adequate represen- 15 August to 2 September 1977, with the following members and tation of (a) countries which are important producers of opium or alternates: coca leaves, (b) countries which are important in the manufacture Wisam Al-Zahawi;* Basil Yussef (alternate) (Iraq). Bali Ram of narcotic drugs, and (c) countries in which drug addiction or the Bhagat; K. S. Sodhi (alternate) (India). Abdelwahab Bouhdiba, illicit traffic in narcotic drugs constitutes an important problem, as Vice-Chairman (Tunisia). Jose Joaquin Caicedo Perdomo; An- well as taking into account the principle of equitable geographical gela Herrán (alternate) (Colombia). W. Beverly Carter, Jr. (United distribution. States). Antonio Cassese, Rapporteur; Daniele Occhipinti (alter- nate) (Italy). Aureliu Cristescu (Romania). I. J. D. Durlong;* Ibra- Members: him Sulaiman Jimeta (alternate) (Nigeria). Manouchehr Ganji; To serve until 31 December 1977: Australia, Brazil, Chile, Egypt, Shirin Amir Tahmaseb (alternate) (Iran). Branimir M. Jankovic, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Morocco, Romania, Vice-Chairman; Milutin Despotovic (alternate) (Yugoslavia). Renu Togo, Turkey, USSR, United Kingdom. Jotidilok;* Voraputhi Jayanama (alternate) (Thailand). Ahmed To serve until 31 December 1979: Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Mohamed Khalifa (Egypt). Kezia Njeri Egeria Kinyanjui (Kenya). France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Hungary, India, Italy, Antonio Martínez-Báez (Mexico). Jose R. Martínez Cobo; Jose Kenya, Madagascar, Pakistan, Sweden, Thailand, United Rafael Serrano (alternate) (Ecuador). Ernesto Navarro Richard- States, Yugoslavia. son (Nicaragua). Erik Nettel; Rudolf Torovsky (alternate) (Aus- tria). Gonzalo Ortiz Martín, Vice-Chairman (Costa Rica). The Commission held its twenty-seventh session at Geneva, Mrs. Turkia Ould-Daddah;* T. Ould Sidi (alternate) (Mauritania). from 7 to 25 February 1977, with the following members and their Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada, Chairman; Khalid Saleem (alternate) chief representatives: (Pakistan). Nicole Questiaux (France). Marc Schreiber (Belgium). Argentina: Amadeo Luis Farias; Francisco Lalanne (alternate). E. Kofi Sekyiamah (Ghana). Freddie A. Short (Sierra Leone). Australia: G. E. Sheen; D. de Souza, Jennifer Morison-Turnbull S. N. Smirnov; L. Dadiani (alternate) (USSR). Benjamin Charles (alternates). Brazil: Fernando Ayres da Cunha. Canada: George Whitaker (United Kingdom). Dr. D. M. Smith, Second Vice-Chairman; T. R. McKim (alternate). Chile: Dr. Maria Rosa Mas Torner; Pedro Oyarce (alternate). Co- * Did not attend the thirtieth session. lombia: Hector Charry Samper, Luis Villa Mizar Herrera; Carlos Osorio (alternate). Egypt: Dr. Hamdy H. El-Hakim; Dr. Helmi Ghali Working Group Abdel-Messih, General Sami Assaad Farag, Abdel Aziz Ahmed (established by resolution 2(XXIV) of 16 August 1971 Hamdy, Kamel Khalil (alternates). France: Charles Vaille; Jac- of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination queline Balencie, T. J. M. Francfort, Germaine Hirlemann, Fran- and Protection of Minorities pursuant to Economic and cois Le Mouel, C. Merlin (alternates). Germany, Federal Republic Social Council resolution 1503(XLVIII)) of: Dr. Oskar Schroeder; Dr. Eleonore Linsmayer (alternate). The Working Group on communications concerning human Hungary: Dr. Bela Boles; Bela Blaho, Lajos Kopetty, Dezso Lu- rights held its sixth session at Geneva, from 1 to 11 August 1977. kacs, Janos Somogyvari (alternates). India: B. B. Gujral; Anand P. Agrawal, S. S. Gothoskar (alternates). Indonesia: Sukardjo Members: W. Beverly Carter, Jr. (United States); Ernesto Navarro Subadi, Mr. Suharjono. Iran: Behruz Shahandeh, Rapporteur. Richardson (Nicaragua); Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (Pakistan); Italy: Giuseppe di Gennaro; Massimo Bonomo, Romano Ca- E. Kofi Sekyjamah, Chairman/Rapporteur (Ghana); S. N. passo, Benedetto Lenti, Alberto Mollica, Franco Testa, Ferdi- Smirnov (USSR). nando Zezza (alternates). Jamaica: Joy Webster; Vivia Betton (alternate). Japan: Dr. Nobuo Motohashi; Takao Onishi (alter- Working Group nate). Kenya: Christopher Wetungu. Madagascar: Maurice Ran- (established on 21 August 1974 by resolution 11 (XXVII) drianame. Mexico: Juan Barona-Lobato; Augusto Bondani Guasti, of the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination Ignacio Vasquez Torres (alternates). Morocco: T. Chkili; Ahmed and Protection of Minorities) Seddiki (alternate). Pakistan: Sahibzada Raoof Ali; Akhlar Hashmi The Working Group on slavery held its third session at Geneva, (alternate). Romania: Mircea Manea. Sweden: Bror Anders on 10, 11 and 24 August 1977. Rexed, First Vice-Chairman; Lars Hultstrand, Carl-Edvard Sturkell The structure of the United Nations 1219

(alternates). Thailand: Chitra Posayanonda, Pora Tamprateep; nate). Ghana: Samuel Baidoo Jones, Rapporteur. Hungary: Benja Soponpinich, Police Major-General Chavalit Yodmani (al- Jozsef Balint; Egon Szabady (alternate). India: Serla Grewal, ternates). Togo: Dr. Faadji Johnson-Dagbegnikin. Turkey: Ercu- Vice-Chairman; Mr. Shashank, Nina Sibal (alternates). Indonesia: ment Yavuzalp; Murat Bilhan, Osman Koruturk, Kaya Toperi Roesiah Sardjono; Achmad Pamekas, Pek Poedjioetomo (alter- (alternates). USSR: Dr. E. Babaian, Chairman; E. P. Sviridov (alter- nates). Japan: Nobuo Shinozaki. Mauritania: Mrs. Turkia Ould- nate). United Kingdom: G. I. de Deney; D. H. Cecil, D. G. Turner Daddah;* Mamadou Kane (alternate). Mexico: Luisa Maria Leal; (alternates). United States: Mathea Falco; Peter Bourne, Robert Sergio Correu, Jorge Cueto Garcia; Ramon Ojeda Mestre, Valen- L. Dupont, Betty C. Gough, Donald E. Miller (alternates). Yu- tin O. Trevino (alternates). Netherlands: Dirk Jan van de Kaa, goslavia: Vladimir Kusevic; Milutin Despotovic (alternate). Chairman; E. J. N. Brouwers (alternate). Norway: Petter Jakob Bjerve. Panama: Hildebrando Araica;* Ithzel de Villarroel (alter- On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the nate). Philippines: Mercedes B. Concepcion; Laura Lopez Using following 15 members for a four-year term beginning on 1 Jan- (alternate). Rwanda: Silas Niyibizi. Sierra Leone: Rosalind Omo- uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977: laja Forde. Spain: Salustiano Del Campo Urbano. Thailand: Visid Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, German Democratic Republic, Prachuabmoh. Tunisia: Mezri Chekir;* Taoufik Kilani (alternate). Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda: Moses Mukasa; Harold E. L Acemah, Hilda B. Rwaba- USSR, United Kingdom. zaire (alternates). Ukrainian SSR: A. A. Zhuk. USSR: A. A. Isu- pov; A. D. Zhukov (alternate). United Kingdom: Jean Helen SUB-COMMISSION ON ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFIC AND Thompson; E. Grebenik, J. D. Greig, Michael A. Pattison (alter- RELATED MATTERS IN THE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST nates). United States: Marshall Green; Fred O. Pinkham, Conrad Taeuber (alternates). Zaire: (not represented). Members: Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Sweden, Turkey. * Did not attend the nineteenth session. The Sub-Commission held one meeting in 1977, at Geneva, on 18 February, with the following members and their representa- On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the tives attending: following nine members for a four-year term beginning on 1 Jan- Afghanistan: Mohammad Yahya Maroofi. Iran: Behruz Shahan- uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977: deh. Pakistan: Sahibzada Raoof Ali. Sweden: Sten Stromholm. Barbados, Egypt, India, Japan, Malawi, Panama, USSR, United Turkey: Ercument Yavuzalp, Chairman. Kingdom, United States.

Working Group Statistical Commission Members: Afghanistan: Mir Mohammad Ibrahim. Iran: Brigadier- The Statistical Commission consists of 24 members, elected for General Seyed-Ahmad Seyed-Taheri (Chairman). Pakistan: four-year terms by the Economic and Social Council. Sahibzada Raoof Ali. Turkey: Cetin Olgac. The Commission did not meet in 1977.

Commission on the Status of Women Members: The Commission on the Status of Women consists of 32 mem- To serve until 31 December 1977: Canada, Gabon, New Zealand, bers, elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Social Sierra Leone, Tunisia, USSR, United States, Venezuela. Council. To serve until 31 December 1979: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, The Commission did not meet in 1977. Ghana, India, Iraq, Ireland, Kenya, Ukrainian SSR. To serve until 31 December 1980: Brazil, France, Japan, Malay- Members: sia, Panama, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom. To serve until 31 December 1978: Byelorussian SSR, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Indonesia, Senegal, Sweden, Thailand, On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Zaire. following members for a four-year term beginning on 1 January To serve until 31 December 1979: Cuba, Denmark, Ethiopia, 1978 to fill seven of the eight vacancies occurring on 31 Decem- France, German Democratic Republic, Iran, Mexico, Pakistan, ber 1977: Canada, Ethiopia, Jamaica, Spain, Tunisia, USSR, Togo, Venezuela. United States. To serve until 31 December 1980: Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, No further election was held in 1977 for the remaining vacancy. Federal Republic of, India, Japan, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar, New Zealand, Niger, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago. Regional commissions Population Commission The Population Commission consists of 27 members, elected Economic and Social Commission for for four-year terms by the Economic and Social Council. Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Members: held its thirty-third session at Bangkok, Thailand, from 20 to To serve until 31 December 1977: Ecuador, India, Japan, Mauri- 30 April 1977. tania, Panama, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. To serve until 31 December 1979: Finland, France, Ghana, Indo- Members: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, nesia, Mexico, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Uganda, Ukrainian China, Democratic Kampuchea,* France, India, Indonesia, Iran, SSR. Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Mal- To serve until 31 December 1980: Brazil, Dominican Republic, dives,* Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Rwanda, Spain, Thailand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Zaire. Samoa,* Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tonga,* USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Viet Nam. The Commission held its nineteenth session at United Nations Associate members: Brunei,* Cook Islands, Fiji,* Gilbert Islands,* Headquarters, New York, from 10 to 21 January 1977, with the Hong Kong, Solomon Islands,* Trust Territory of the Pacific following members and their chief representatives: Islands, Tuvalu.* Brazil: Luis Paulo Lindenberg Sette. Dominican Republic: Luis González Fabra; Myrtha Tavares de Grossman, Máximo Otoniel Switzerland, not a Member of the United Nations, participates Molina (alternates). Ecuador: Eduardo Santos, Vice-Chairman. in a consultative capacity in the work of the Commission. Finland: Kauko M. Sipponen; Anja-Riitta Ketokoski, Elina Visuri (alternates). France: Alfred Sauvy; Jean Bourgeois-Pichat (alter- * Not represented at the thirty-third session. 1220 Appendix III

Chairman: Marka Bahadur Gurung (Nepal). Switzerland, not a member of the United Nations, participates Vice-Chairmen: Neale de Alwis (Sri Lanka), Tan Sri Chong Hon in a consultative capacity in the work of the Commission. Nyan (Malaysia), Mohsen Sadigh Esfandiary (Iran), Abdul Samad Ghaus (Afghanistan), Aziz-ul Huq (Bangladesh), Ta- * Not represented at the thirteenth session. dashi Kuranari (Japan), Lu Tzu-po (China), Adam Malik (Indo- † Became a member of ECA on its admission to membership in nesia), Troadio T. Quiazon, Jr. (Philippines), Nouphanh Sith- the United Nations on 20 September 1977. phasay (Lao People's Democratic Republic). ** On 30 July 1963, the Economic and Social Council decided that South Africa should not take part in the work of ECA until The following are the main subsidiary bodies of the Commis- conditions for constructive co-operation had been restored by a sion: change in South Africa's racial policy.18

For policy and direction: Advisory Committee of Permanent Rep- Chairman: Bofossa W'amb'ea Nkoso (Zaire). resentatives and Other Representatives Designated by Mem- First Vice-Chairman: Peter W. Matoka (Zambia). bers of the Commission; Council of Ministers for Asian Eco- Second Vice-Chairman: Ousmane Seck (Senegal). nomic Co-operation. Rapporteur: Abdellatif Ghissassi (Morocco). For sectoral review and project formulation and programming: Committee on Agricultural Development; Committee on De- The Commission has established the following principal sub- velopment Planning; Committee on Industry, Housing and Tech- sidiary bodies: nology; Committee on Natural Resources; Committee on Committee on Staff Recruitment and Training, Conference of Population; Committee on Shipping, and Transport and Commu- African Demographers, Conference of African Planners, Confer- nications;* Committee on Social Development; Committee on ence of African Statisticians, Executive Committee, Intergovern- Statistics; Committee on Trade; Special Body on Land-locked mental Committee of Experts for Science and Technology De- Countries. velopment in Africa, Intergovernmental Regional Committee on For project implementation: Advisory Board, Asian Highway Co- Human Settlements,* Technical Committee of Experts, Trans- ordinating Committee; Committee for Co-ordination of Investi- African Highway Co-ordinating Committee. gations of the Lower Mekong Basin; Committee for Co- ordination of Joint Prospecting for Mineral Resources in Asian * Established by ECA on 1 March 1977. Offshore Areas; Committee for Co-ordination of Joint Prospec- ting for Mineral Resources in South Pacific Offshore Areas; Ty- Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) phoon Committee; Intergovernmental Governing Council† and The Economic Commission for Europe held its thirty-second Co-ordinating Committee for the five regional training and re- session at Geneva, from 19 to 30 April 1977. search institutions (Asian and Pacific Centre for Women and Development,** Asian and Pacific Development Administration Members: Albania,* Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Byelorussian Centre,‡ Asian and Pacific Development Institute,‡ Social SSR, Canada, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Welfare and Development Centre for Asia and the Pacific,‡ France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific‡), as well as a sepa- public of, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, rate Advisory Committee for each. Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, * Formerly known as the Committee on Transport and Commu- United Kingdom, United States, Yugoslavia. nications, the Committee was restructured and renamed by ESCAP on 27 April 1977. The Holy See, Liechtenstein and San Marino, which are not † Constituted on 29 April 1977. Members of the United Nations, participate in a consultative ca- ** Established pursuant to ESCAP resolutions of 6 March 1975 pacity in the work of the Commission. and 31 March 1976 and inaugurated on 27 February 1977. ‡ Formerly known, respectively, as the Asian Centre for Devel- * Not represented at the thirty-second session. opment Administration, the Asian Development Institute, the Asian Centre for Training and Research in Social Welfare and Chairman: Cornelio Sommaruga (Switzerland). Development, and the Asian Statistical Institute, these institutions Vice-Chairman: Eugeniusz Kulaga (Poland). were renamed by ESCAP on 29 April 1977. Rapporteurs: V. I. Lukyanovich (Byelorussian SSR), Franz Weis- glas (Netherlands).

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) The Commission has established the following principal subsid- The regular biennial session of the Economic Commission for iary bodies: Africa is at the ministerial level and is known as the Conference of Chemical Industry Committee; Coal Committee; Committee on Ministers. Agricultural Problems; Committee on Electric Power; Committee The Commission held its thirteenth session (fourth meeting of on Gas; Committee on Housing, Building and Planning; Commit- the Conference of Ministers) at Kinshasa, Zaire, from 24 February tee on Water Problems; Committee on the Development of Trade; to 3 March 1977. Conference of European Statisticians; Inland Transport Commit- tee; Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental Prob- Members: Algeria, Angola,* Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cape lems; Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Science and Verde,* Central African Empire, Chad, Comoros,* Congo, Dji- Technology; Senior Economic Advisers to ECE Governments; bouti,† Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,* Ethiopia, Gabon,* Gambia, Steel Committee; Timber Committee. Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,* Ivory Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Some of these committees have established subsidiary bodies, Liberia, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Madagascar,* Malawi, Mali, including standing sub-committees and working parties. Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique,* Niger,* Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles,* Sierra Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) Leone, Somalia, South Africa,** Sudan, Swaziland, Togo, Tuni- The Economic Commission for Latin America held its seven- sia, Uganda, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of teenth session at Guatemala City, Guatemala, from 25 April to Tanzania, Upper Volta, Zaire, Zambia. 5 May 1977. Associate members: The non-self-governing territories situated within the geographical area of the Commission and States responsible for international relations in those territories (i.e. 18 France, Spain* and the United Kingdom). See Y.U.N., 1963, pp. 274-75, text of resolution 974 D IV (XXXVI). The structure of the United Nations 1221

Members: Argentina, Bahamas,* Barbados,* Bolivia, Brazil, Can- To serve until 31 December 1978: Algeria, Canada, Gabon,* ada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy,* Ivory Coast,* Jamaica, Nigeria, Paki- Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana,* stan,* Peru, Spain, Ukrainian SSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, To serve until 31 December 1979: Brazil,* Cuba, Indonesia,* Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Kenya, Kuwait, Madagascar,* Mexico, Netherlands, Panama, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela. Sweden, Thailand, Uganda, USSR, United Kingdom,* United Associate members: Belize, West Indies Associated States (Anti- States, Zaire.* gua, Dominica, St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia and St. Vin- Expert Advisers:19 J. D. Akumu (Kenya), S. Babar Ali (Pakistan), cent and the territory of Montserrat—collectively as a single Sid Ahmed Ghozali (Algeria),† Johan M. Goudswaard (Nether- member).* lands), I. D. Ivanov (USSR), Elizabeth Jager (United States), Gilbert Jones (United States), Kiyoshi Kojima (Japan), David Switzerland, not a Member of the United Nations, participates Lea (United Kingdom), Alfred Lucas Mfinanga (United Republic in a consultative capacity in the work of the Commission. of Tanzania),† Alister Mclntyre (Grenada),† Samuel Paul (India), Germanico Salgado (Ecuador), Mario Sanfelice (Italy), Juan * Not represented at the seventeenth session. Somavia (Chile), Gerd Tacke (Germany, Federal Republic of).

Chairman: Adolfo Molina-Orantes (Guatemala). * Not represented at the resumed second session. First Vice-Chairman: Jorge Chavez Quelopana (Peru). † Did not attend the third session. Second Vice-Chairman: Frank Owen Abdulah (Trinidad and To- bago). Chairman: Carlos Alzamora Traverso (Peru) (resumed second Rapporteur: Victor Manuel Barceló Rodríguez (Mexico). session), Abdelmadjid Fasla (Algeria) (third session). Vice-Chairmen: Abdelmadjid Fasla (Algeria) (resumed second The Commission has established the following principal subsid- session), Mian Qadrud-Din (Pakistan) (third session); Evgeny iary bodies: Mateev (Bulgaria); Pieter Sanders (Netherlands). Caribbean Development and Co-operation Committee, Rapporteur: Saroj Chavanaviraj (Thailand) (resumed second Committee of High-level Government Experts, Committee of the session), Juan Manuel Figuerero (Argentina) (third session). Whole, Committee on Central American Economic Co-operation and its Inter-Agency Commission, Regional Committee on Elec- On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the trical Standards, Regional Group on Electricity Rates, Trade following members for a three-year term beginning on 1 January Committee; Governing Council, Latin American Demographic 1978 to fill 13 of the 16 vacancies occurring on 31 December Centre; Technical Committee, Latin American Institute for Eco- 1977: Argentina, Benin, Colombia, France, German Democratic nomic and Social Planning. Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Ghana, Japan, Roma- The Committee of the Whole of ECLA held its eleventh nia, Surinam, Switzerland, Tunisia, Zambia. extraordinary session in New York on 21 November 1977. No further elections were held in 1977 for the remaining vacan- cies. Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA) The Economic Commission for Western Asia held its fourth INTERGOVERNMENTAL WORKING session at Amman, Jordan, from 24 to 29 April 1977. GROUP ON A CODE OF CONDUCT The Intergovernmental Working Group, a working group of the Members: Bahrain, Democratic Yemen, Egypt,* Iraq, Jordan, whole of the Commission, held two sessions in 1977, both at Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Re- United Nations Headquarters, New York: its first, from 10 to 14 Jan- public, United Arab Emirates, Yemen; Palestine Liberation Or- uary; and its second, from 18 April to 4 May. ganization.* Chairman: Sten Niklasson (Sweden).* * Became a member by a resolution of 22 July 1977 of the Vice-Chairmen: Konstantin Kolev (Bulgaria), Farrokh Parsi (Iran). Economic and Social Council. * Also served as Rapporteur. Chairman: Najmuddin Dajani (Jordan). Vice-Chairmen: S. Barakat AI-Lamaky (Oman), Mohamed Abdel Committee for Programme and Co-ordination Wahab Joubari (Democratic Yemen). The Committee for Programme and Co-ordination is the main Rapporteur: Ghazi Derwish (Iraq). subsidiary organ of the Economic and Social Council and of the General Assembly for planning, programming and co-ordination The Commission has established a Standing Committee to ad- and reports directly to both. It consists of 21 members nominated vise on arrangements for sessions and other meetings of the by the Council and elected by the Assembly for three-year terms Commission and on other matters as needed. according to a specific pattern of equitable geographical distribu- tion. Standing committees The Committee held an organizational meeting on 9 May 1977 and its seventeenth session from 23 May to 17 June 1977, both Commission on Transnational Corporations at United Nations Headquarters, New York. The Commission on Transnational Corporations consists of 48 members from all States, elected for three-year terms by the Members: Economic and Social Council according to a specific pattern of To serve until 31 December 1977: Brazil, India, Indonesia, Japan, geographical distribution. Kenya, United Republic of Tanzania, Zaire.* The Commission held its resumed second session on 3 March To serve until 31 December 1978: Belgium, Bulgaria, Byelorus- 1977 and its third session from 25 April to 6 May 1977, both at sian SSR, Chile, Denmark, Pakistan, United Kingdom. United Nations Headquarters, New York.

Members: 19 At its resumed second session, the Commission on Transnational Cor- To serve until 31 December 1977: Argentina, Australia,* Bangla- porations, in consultation with the Secretary-General, selected 16 persons desh,* Bulgaria, Colombia,* Democratic Yemen,* Ecuador, who in a private consultative capacity were to assist the Commission and its France,* German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- Intergovernmental Working Group on a Code of Conduct, in accordance with public of, Guinea,* Japan,* Philippines,* Sierra Leone,* Tunisia, Economic and Social Council resolution 1913(LVII) of 5 December 1974 (see Zambia.* Y.U.N., 1974, pp. 485-86, esp. para. 1 (d)). 1222 Appendix III

To serve until 31 December 1979: Argentina, Colombia, France, Malaysia, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,† Philippines,‡ Sudan, Uganda, USSR, United States. Romania, Sierra Leone,†‡ Swaziland, USSR, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Zaire,† Zambia. * Not represented at the seventeenth session. * Two seats, one reserved for a member from Asian States for Chairman: Peter Hansen (Denmark). a term until 31 December 1978 and another reserved for a mem- Vice-Chairmen: P. Belyaev (Byelorussian SSR), Angel Maria Oli- ber from African States for a term until 31 December 1980, re- veri López (Argentina), Michael G. Okeyo (Kenya). mained unfilled in 1977. Rapporteur: G. S. lyer (India). † Not represented at the fifth (regular) session. ** Not represented at the second special session. On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council nominated $ The Philippines was elected on 13 January 1977 and Sierra the following seven Member States of the United Nations, for Leone, on 11 May 1977. election by the General Assembly, for a three-year term beginning on 1 January 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December Officers, second special session 1977: Brazil, Burundi, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya. Chairman: Leslie O. Harriman (Nigeria). They were elected by the Assembly on 14 October 1977. Vice-Chairmen: M. AI-Badri (Iraq), J. P. Bruce (Canada), V. I. Kryzhanovsky (Ukrainian SSR). Committee on Housing, Building and Planning Rapporteur: Pedro Camacho-Sánchez (Venezuela). The Committee on Housing, Building and Planning consists of 27 members, elected for four-year terms by the Economic and Officers, fifth (regular) session Social Council according to a specific pattern of equitable geo- Chairman: Per Jodahl (Sweden). graphical distribution. Vice-Chairmen: Jesús Fornerino (Venezuela), Hanumantha Rao The Committee did not meet in 1977. (India), Gerhard Zindler (German Democratic Republic). Rapporteur: A. Samir Mokhtar (Egypt). Members: To serve until 31 December 1977: Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Fin- Committee on Negotiations with Intergovernmental Agencies land, Gabon, Iraq, Morocco, Thailand, Venezuela. The Committee on Negotiations with Intergovernmental Agen- To serve until 31 December 1979: Burundi, Ecuador, France, cies, reconstituted pursuant to a 1976 resolution of the Economic Greece, Japan, Trinidad and Tobago, USSR, United Kingdom, and Social Council21 of 13 May 1976 for the purpose of negotia- United Republic of Tanzania. ting a relationship agreement between the United Nations and the To serve until 31 December 1980: Czechoslovakia, El Salvador, International Fund for Agricultural Development, held a series of Ghana, Iran, Malawi,* Portugal, Syrian Arab Republic,* meetings between 14 April and 11 May 1977. Uganda, United States. Members: Algeria, Argentina, Canada, Denmark, Ecuador, * Elected on 11 May 1977. France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Somalia, On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the United States. following nine members for a four-year term beginning on 1 Jan- uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977: Chairman: Rafael Rivas (Colombia) (until 23 February 1977), Ab- Barbados, Canada, Central African Empire, Egypt, German Dem- dalla Mahgoub (Sudan) (from 23 February 1977). ocratic Republic, Iraq, Jamaica, Sweden, Thailand. On 19 December 1977, the General Assembly decided that the Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations Council (at its next session in 1978) should transform the The Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations consists Committee on Housing, Building and Planning into a Commission of 13 members of the Economic and Social Council, elected for a on Human Settlements with a membership of 58, to be elected for term of four years by the Council according to a specific pattern of three-year terms according to the following distribution of seats: equitable geographical representation. 16 seats for African States, 13 for Asian States, 6 for Eastern The Committee held two series of meetings in 1977, both at European States, 10 for Latin American States and 13 for West- United Nations Headquarters, New York: between 7 and 11 Feb- ern European and other States. The Commission was to report to ruary and between 7 and 11 April. the Assembly through the Council. Members (until 31 December 1978): Chile, Cuba, Czechoslo- Committee on Natural Resources vakia, France, Ghana, Iraq, Japan, Kenya, Sweden,* Tunisia, The Committee on Natural Resources consists of 54 members, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. elected by the Economic and Social Council for four-year terms in accordance with the geographical distribution of seats in the * Elected on 13 January 1977 to fill the seat vacated by the Council. Netherlands on 1 January 1977. The Committee, acting as the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Water Conference pursuant to a 1975 resolution Chairman: Olle Dahlen (Sweden). of the Council,20 held its second special session at United Nations Vice-Chairman: Bassam Salih Kubba (Iraq). Headquarters, New York, from 3 to 7 January 1977. The Rapporteur: Ali Hachani (Tunisia) (February meetings), Annan Committee held its fifth (regular) session at Geneva, from 9 to Arkyin Cato (Ghana) (April meetings). 19 May 1977. Committee on Review and Appraisal Members: The Committee on Review and Appraisal consists of 54 mem- To serve until 31 December 7978:* Argentina, Australia, Egypt, bers, elected by the Economic and Social Council for four-year France, Gabon,† German Democratic Republic, Iceland,** In- terms in accordance with the geographical distribution of seats in donesia, lran,† Iraq, Italy, Kenya, Kuwait,† Netherlands, Nige- the Council. ria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Sudan, Sweden, Trinidad and The Committee held its fourth session at United Nations Head- Tobago, Turkey, Ukrainian SSR, United States, Upper Volta,† quarters, New York, from 16 May to 3 June 1977. Yugoslavia. To serve until 31 December 1980:* Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, 20 Burundi,† Canada, Central African Empire,† Colombia, Ger- See Y.U.N., 1975, p. 506, text of resolution 1979(LIX) of 31 July 1975. many, Federal Republic of, Greece, India, Jamaica,† Japan, 21 See Y.U.N., 1976, p. 469, text of resolution 2006(LX). The structure of the United Nations 1223

Members: The Advisory Committee held its twenty-third session at Ge- To serve until 31 December 1977:* Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bo- neva, from 7 to 18 November 1977. livia, Canada, Chad, Colombia, Egypt, France, Germany, Fed- eral Republic of, Guatemala, Guinea, Honduras, Iran, Ivory Members (until 12 January 1978):* Pierre Victor Auger (France); Coast, Jordan, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Neth- Bruce H. Billings (United States); Alfred Boettcher (Germany, erlands, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Zaire. Federal Republic of); Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (Neth- To serve until 31 December 1979:† Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Do- erlands); Carlos Chagas, Vice-Chairman (Brazil); Wilbert minican Republic, Finland, German Democratic Republic, Hun- K. Chagula, Chairman (United Republic of Tanzania); Guy gary, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, B. Gresford, Vice-Chairman (Australia); J. M. Gvishiani Senegal, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuni- (USSR);† Zafar Ali Hashmi (Pakistan); Howe Yoon Chong sia, Uganda, Ukrainian SSR, USSR, United States, Yugoslavia. (Singapore);† Kenneth S. Julien (Trinidad and Tobago);† Naji Abdul Kadir (lraq);† Leszek Kasprzyk (Poland); Alexander Key- * The seats reserved for two members from Asian States re- nan (Israel); Mohamed Liassine (Algeria);† M. G. K. Menon mained unfilled in 1977. (India); Takashi Mukaibo (Japan); Mukendi Mbuyi Tshingoma † The seats reserved for one member from African States and (Zaire);† Tiberiu Muresan (Romania); Marcel Roche (Vene- two members from Asian States remained unfilled in 1977. zuela); Hassan Saab (Lebanon); Kwaku Mawuena Sape (Ghana); Victor Luis Urquidi (Mexico); Mohammed Yeganeh Chairman: Saad M. Hashmi (India). (Iran).† Vice-Chairmen: Ali Hachani (Tunisia), Wolfgang Sproete (German Democratic Republic). * On 14 December 1977, the Economic and Social Council de- Rapporteur: Kerstin Oldfelt (Sweden). cided to enlarge the Advisory Committee's membership from 24 to 28. At the same time, the Council extended the term of the On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the current members, originally to expire on 31 December 1977, to following members for a four-year term beginning on 1 January the date of appointment of the enlarged membership, on 12 Jan- 1978 to fill 18 of the 30 vacancies as of 31 December 1977: Alge- uary 1978, during the Council's 1978 organizational session. ria, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Canada, Colombia, Ecua- † Did not attend the twenty-third session. dor, Egypt, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Kenya, Netherlands, Nigeria, Surinam, United Kingdom, United Republic The Advisory Committee has established regional groups for of Cameroon, Venezuela. Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and Western No further elections were held in 1977 for the remaining vacan- Asia, as well as a number of ad hoc working groups. cies. Committee for Development Planning The Committee for Development Planning is composed of Committee on Science and Technology for Development 24 experts representing different planning systems. They are ap- The Committee on Science and Technology for Development pointed by the Economic and Social Council, on nomination by consists of 54 members, elected for four-year terms by the Eco- the Secretary-General, to serve in their personal capacities for a nomic and Social Council in accordance with the geographical term of three years. distribution of seats in the Council. The Committee held its thirteenth session at United Nations The Committee, acting as the Preparatory Committee for the Headquarters, New York, from 11 to 21 April 1977. United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for De- velopment, held its first special session at United Nations Head- Members" (until 31 December 1977†): Chedly Ayari (Tunisia);** quarters, New York, from 31 January to 14 February 1977. (See Hendricus Cornelis Bos (Netherlands); Ester Boserup (Den- above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) mark); Nurul Islam (Bangladesh); Saeb Jaroudi (Lebanon);** Paul Kaya (Congo); V. N. Kirichenko (USSR); Janos Kornai, Members: Vice-Chairman (Hungary); Julio A. Lacarte (Uruguay); John To serve until 31 December 1978:* Brazil, Bulgaria, Byelorussian P. Lewis, Rapporteur (United States); Alister Mclntyre (Gre- SSR, Chad, France, Guatemala, India, Italy, Nigeria, Pakistan, nada);** J. H. Mensah (Ghana);** Widjojo Nitisastro (Indone- Peru, Poland, Romania, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United sia); Saburo Okita (Japan);** H. M. A. Onitiri (Nigeria);** Jozef Kingdom, United States. Pajestka (Poland); Giuseppe Parenti (Italy); K. N. Raj (India); To serve until 31 December 1979:* Austria, Canada, Central Afri- Jean Ripert (France); Germánico Salgado, Chairman (Ecua- can Empire, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Ghana, Greece, Indo- dor); Leopoldo Soli's (Mexico).** nesia, Iran, Jordan, Mauritania, Mongolia, Morocco, Neth- erlands, Philippines, Spain, Thailand. * Three seats remained unfilled in 1977. To serve until 31 December 1980: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, † The succeeding members were not appointed in 1977. Belgium, Cuba, Germany, Federal Republic of, Jamaica, ** Did not attend the thirteenth session. Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Mexico, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra Leone,† Sudan, USSR, Venezuela, Yugoslavia. Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods * The seat reserved for one member from Asian States re- The Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous mained unfilled in 1977. Goods did not meet in 1977. † Elected on 11 May 1977. By a resolution of 5 May 1977, the Economic and Social Coun- cil decided that any member of the Committee of Experts might participate in the work of and vote in the Committee's subsidiary bodies provided such member notified the United Nations Secre- Expert bodies tariat of the intention to do so.

Advisory Committee on the Application of Members* (experts appointed by the following countries): Can- Science and Technology to Development ada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Iran, Iraq, Italy, The Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Japan, Norway, Poland, Thailand, USSR, United Kingdom, Technology to Development consists of 24 members appointed United States. by the Economic and Social Council, on nomination by the Secretary-General in consultation with Governments. Members * By the end of 1977, two additional members remained to be serve in their personal capacities for a term of three years. appointed, in accordance with a 1975 resolution of the Economic 1224 Appendix III and Social Council to enlarge the Committee's membership to (Sudan); Shri S. Narayan (India) (from 9 August);* Efren Piana 15.22 (Philippines) (from 6 September);* N. M. Qureshi (Pakistan) (from 7 April);* Mitsuo Sato (Japan) (from 4 October);* GROUP OF EXPERTS ON EXPLOSIVES A. Scheel, Rapporteur (Norway); C. Sivaprakasam (Sri Members (experts appointed by the following countries): France, Lanka);† W. H. van den Berge, Vice-Chairman (Netherlands); Germany, Federal Republic of, United Kingdom, United States. Gilberto U. Vistoso (Chile); Max Widmer (Switzerland); Ahmed Zarrouk (Tunisia). The Group of Experts on Explosives held its seventeenth ses- sion at Geneva, from 8 to 12 August 1977. Attending the session *Appointed by the Secretary-General during 1977 to replace, were: respectively, B. Pollard (United Kingdom); Nathan Gordon (United L. Andronov (USSR);* W. K. Byrd (United States); E. Heinrich States), who died in September 1976; S. R. Mehta (India); Am- (Germany, Federal Republic of); P. Marrec (France); T. R. Rob- brosio M. Lina (Philippines); Riaz Ahmad (Pakistan); and Yuji ertson (Canada);* E. G. Whitbread, Chairman (United Kingdom); Gomi (Japan). L. Savi (Italy).* † Did not attend the seventh meeting.

* Member of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names Dangerous Goods. The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names held its seventh session at Athens, Greece, on 16 August and GROUP OF RAPPORTEURS OF THE COMMITTEE OF 8 September 1977. Attending the session were the chairmen or EXPERTS ON THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS chief representatives of 17 geographical/linguistic divisions, as Members (rapporteurs appointed by the following countries): follows: Canada, France, Germany, Federal Republic of, Italy, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. Africa Central Division:* M. Bizenga (Congo). Africa East Division: W. J. Absaloms, Vice-Chairman (September The Group of Rapporteurs of the Committee of Experts on the meeting) (Kenya). Transport of Dangerous Goods held its twentieth session at Ge- Africa West Division: R. Oluwole Coker (Nigeria). neva, from 15 to 19 August 1977. Attending the session were: Arabic Division: A. Al-Wohaibi (Saudi Arabia). L. Andronov, Vice-Chairman (USSR); W. K. Byrd (United Asia, East Division (other than China): T. Kanakubo (Japan). States); T. Ellison, Vice-Chairman (Canada); F. Goemmel (Ger- Asia, South-East Division: Major-General B. Khamasundara many, Federal Republic of); Serm Hatakosol (Thailand);* P. Marrec (Thailand). (France); L. Savi, Chairman (Italy); L. Spencer (United Kingdom). Asia, South-West Division (other than Arabic): M. H. Ganji (Iran). China Division: Yang Leiguang (China). * Member of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dutch and German-speaking Division: E. Meynen (Germany, Fed- Dangerous Goods. eral Republic of); D. P. Blok, Rapporteur (August meeting) (Netherlands); Josef Breu, Chairman (September meeting) Committee on Crime Prevention and Control (Austria). The 15 members who comprise the Committee on Crime Pre- East Central and South-East Europe Division: S. Rado (Hungary). vention and Control were appointed by the Economic and Social India Division: Colonel D. N. Sharma Atri Harnal (India). Council on the recommendation of the Secretary-General, to Latin America Division: Francis Gall (Guatemala). serve in their individual capacities for a term of four years, the Norden Division: Per Hovda (Norway). current term to expire on 31 December 1978. Romano-Hellenic Division: J. Ramondou (France). On 8 December 1977, the General Assembly decided that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Division: A. M. Komkov, members of the Committee should be elected by the Council, on Vice-Chairman (August meeting) (USSR). the basis of equitable geographical representation, from among United Kingdom Division: H. A. G. Lewis (United Kingdom). experts nominated by Member States. The term of office was to United States of America and Canada Division: M. F. Burrill, remain four years, with one half of the membership being elected Chairman (August meeting) (United States); A. Rayburn, Rap- every two years. porteur (September meeting) (Canada). The Committee did not meet in 1977. * Established by a resolution of 7 September 1977 of the Third Members (until 31 December 1978): Tolani Asuni (Nigeria), Nils United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographi- Christie (Norway), Mustafa EI-Augi (Lebanon), Marcel Ette cal Names held at Athens, Greece, from 17 August to 7 Septem- Bogui (Ivory Coast), Sergio Garcia Ramirez (Mexico), Gui- ber 1977. seppe di Gennaro (Italy), Sa'id Hekmat (Iran), Wojciech Michal- ski (Poland), Jorge Arturo Montero-Castro (Costa Rica), Sir Arthur Peterson (United Kingdom), Ramananda Prasad Singh Ad hoc bodies (Nepal), Simone Andrée Rozes (France),* Richard W. Velde (United States), B. A. Viktorov (USSR), Yip Yat-Hoong (Malay- Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group on sia). the Problem of Corrupt Practices23 The Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group on the Problem * Appointed with effect from 13 January 1977. of Corrupt Practices, originally to consist of 18 members elected by the Economic and Social Council according to a specific pat- Group of Experts on Tax Treaties between tern of equitable geographical distribution, held three sessions dur- Developed and Developing Countries ing 1977 with a membership of 12: its second and third sessions, The Group of Experts on Tax Treaties between Developed and both at United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 31 January Developing Countries held its seventh meeting at Geneva, to 11 February and from 28 March to 8 April, respectively; and its Switzerland, from 24 October to 4 November 1977. resumed third session, at Geneva, from 27 June to 1 July.

Members: A. N. E. Amissah, Chairman (Ghana); Maurice Hugh

Collins (United Kingdom) (from 26 July);* Francisco O. N. Dor- 2 See Y.U.N., 1975, pp. 734-35, text of resolution 1973(LIX) of 30 July nelles (Brazil); M. Feinberg (United States) (from 2 September);* 2 1975. Simcha Gafny (Israel); Adnan Bazer Kafaoglu (Turkey); Pierre 23 Formerly known as the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Working Group on Kerlan (France); Carlos C. Martínez Molteni (Argentina); Tho- Corrupt Practices, the Working Group changed its name at its second ses- mas Menck (Germany, Federal Republic of); Hamzah Merghani The structure of the United Nations 1225

On 4 August 1977, the Council decided to expand the Working The Secretary-General of the United Nations and the executive Group's membership to include all interested States, provided heads (or their representatives) of all member organizations and that the Working Group would meet only if a quorum of four bodies attended meetings of ACC in 1977. States from each interested geographical region was represented. The Administrative Committee has established a number of The Council decided at the same time that the Working Group subsidiary bodies and working groups. should draft an international agreement on illicit payments. *Became a specialized agency on 15 December 1977 and, Members: Algeria, Colombia, Iran, Japan, Mexico, Nigeria, Pak- ipso facto, became a member of ACC on the same date. istan, Sierra Leone, Uganda, United States, Venezuela, Zaire. Other related bodies Chairman: Rafael Rivas (Colombia) (second session), Farrokh Parsi (Iran) (third session). Human Rights Committee Vice-Chairman: Jumichi Nakamura (Japan) (second session), The Human Rights Committee reports annually to the General J. F. Botero (Colombia) (third session). Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. (See above, Rapporteur: Harold E. L. Acemah (Uganda). under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.)

Preparatory Sub-Committee for the World Conference International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination The International Narcotics Control Board was established On 14 January 1977, the Economic and Social Council enlarged under the terms of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, the membership of the Preparatory Sub-Committee for the World 1961, which entered into force on 13 December 1964. Conference to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination from 16 In accordance with the 1972 Protocol Amending the Single to 23 Member States of the United Nations to be appointed ac- Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, which entered into force on cording to the following geographical distribution: six members 8 August 1975, the Board's membership rose, with effect from from African States, four from Asian States, four from Latin Amer- 2 March 1977, from 11 to 13 members, elected by the Economic ican States, four from socialist States of Eastern Europe and five and Social Council, three from candidates nominated by the from Western European and other States. On 23 February 1977, World Health Organization (WHO) and 10 from candidates nomi- the Council authorized its President, in consultation with regional nated by Members of the United Nations and parties to the Single groups, to appoint the 23 members. Convention, and the term of office was extended from three to The Preparatory Sub-Committee held one session, at United five years. However, at the election on 12 and 13 May 1976 of the Nations Headquarters, New York, from 14 to 25 March 1977. enlarged Board, six of the members were chosen by lot to serve for a term of three years, and seven, for a term of five years, to Members:* Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, initiate the process of rotation every three years. France, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Federal Re- The Board held two sessions in 1977, both at Geneva: its public of, Grenada, Iraq, Kenya, Nigeria, Philippines, Portugal, twentieth, from 12 to 27 May; and its twenty-first, from 12 October Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic, Togo, USSR, United Kingdom, to 4 November. Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire. Members (until 1 March 1977): * Appointed by the President of the Economic and Social Elected from candidates nominated by WHO: Michel A. Attisso Council, as stated in his letter of 4 March 1977 to the Secretary- (Togo); Dr. Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (Mexico); Dr. Sukru General. Kaymakcalan (Turkey). Elected from candidates nominated by Governments: Chairman: Gbadebo Oladeinde George (Nigeria). D. P. Anand (India); Dr. N. K. Barkov (USSR); Ross A. Chap- Vice-Chairmen: Taher AI-Hussamy (Syrian Arab Republic), Jose man (Canada); Sir Frederick Mason (United Kingdom); M. Chaves (Grenada), António da Costa Lobo (Portugal). Dr. Victorio V. Olguin (Argentina); Martin R. Pollner (United Rapporteur: Zagorka Ilic (Yugoslavia). States); Paul Reuter (France); Dr. Tsutomu Shimomura (Japan). Administrative Committee on Co-ordination The membership of the Administrative Committee on Co- Members (from 2 March 1977): ordination (ACC) includes, under the chairmanship of the To serve until 1 March 1980: Dr. Ramón de la Fuente Muniz Secretary-General of the United Nations, also the executive (Mexico);* Dr. Helmut E. Ehrhardt (Germany, Federal Republic heads of the following organizations: International Labour Organi- of); Dr. Diego Garcés-Giraldo (Colombia); Mohsen Kchouk sation; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; (Tunisia); Dr. Ahmed Wagdi Sadek (Egypt); Dr. Tsutomu Shi- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; momura (Japan),† World Health Organization; International Bank for Reconstruction To serve until 1 March 1982: Dr. N. K. Barkov (USSR); Daniel and Development; International Monetary Fund; International Civil Bovet (Italy);* Dr. Tadeusz L. Chrusciel (Poland); Betty Aviation Organization; Universal Postal Union; International Tele- C. Gough (United States); Dr. Sukru Kaymakcalan, Second communication Union; World Meteorological Organization; Inter- Vice-President (Turkey);* Paul Reuter, President (France); Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization; World Intel- Dr. Jehan Shah Saleh, First Vice-President (Iran). lectual Property Organization; International Fund for Agricultural Development;* International Atomic Energy Agency. * Elected from candidates nominated by WHO. Also taking part in the work of ACC as full members are the † Did not attend the twenty-first session. United Nations Under-Secretaries-General for Economic and So- cial Affairs and for Administration and Management, and the exec- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner utive heads of the following bodies: United Nations Conference for Refugees (UNHCR) on Trade and Development; United Nations Environment Pro- The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees reports gramme; United Nations Industrial Development Organization; annually to the General Assembly through the Economic and So- United Nations Development Programme; World Food Pro- cial Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) gramme; United Nations Children's Fund; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; United Nations Relief United Nations Capital Development Fund and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East; United Nations Institute for Training and Research; and the execu- EXECUTIVE BOARD tive head of the secretariat of the Contracting Parties to the Gen- The Executive Board of the United Nations Capital Develop- eral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. ment Fund reports annually to the General Assembly through the 1226 Appendix III

Economic and Social Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL Switzerland, USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tan- ASSEMBLY.) zania, United States. Ex-officio members: Chairman of the Executive Board, Chairman United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) of the Programme Committee. The United Nations Children's Fund participates in the activities of the Protein Advisory Group of the United Nations System and Chairman: Pieter A. van Buuren (Netherlands). collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO) in a UNICEF/WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy. PROGRAMME COMMITTEE The Programme Committee is a committee of the whole of EXECUTIVE BOARD UNICEF. The Executive Board of UNICEF consists of 30 members elected by the Economic and Social Council from Member States of Chairman: Sadako Ogata (Japan). the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency, for three-year terms. In 1977, the Executive Board held a series of meetings at Ma- United Nations Conference on Trade nila, Philippines, between 23 May and 3 June; and an organiza- and Development (UNCTAD) tional meeting (with its composition as of 1 August 1977) at United Nations Headquarters, New York, on 27 June. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD The Trade and Development Board reports to the United Na- Members (until 31 July 1977): tions Conference on Trade and Development; it also reports an- To serve until 31 July 1977: Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Finland, nually to the General Assembly through the Economic and Social Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) Uganda,* Yugoslavia. To serve until 31 July 1978: Benin, Bolivia,* Bulgaria,* Guinea,* United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Indonesia, Netherlands, Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. GOVERNING COUNCIL To serve until 31 July 1979: Brazil, France, Italy, Japan, Morocco, The Governing Council of the United Nations Development Poland, USSR, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic Programme consists of 48 members, elected by the Economic of Tanzania, United States. and Social Council from Member States of the United Nations or members of the specialized agencies or of the International * Not represented at the May/June 1977 meetings. Atomic Energy Agency. Twenty-seven seats are allocated to developing countries as Chairman: Antonio Ordóñtez-Plaja (Colombia). follows: 11 to African countries, 9 to Asian countries and Yu- First Vice-Chairman: Zaki Hasan (Pakistan). goslavia, and 7 to Latin American countries. Second Vice-Chairman: Boguslaw Kozusznik (Poland). Twenty-one seats are allocated to economically more ad- Third Vice-Chairman: Mamadou Maxime Camara (Guinea). vanced countries as follows: 17 to Western European and other Fourth Vice-Chairman: Reino Rissanen (Finland). countries, and 4 to Eastern European countries. The term of office is three years, one third of the members On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the being elected each year. following 10 members for a three-year term beginning on 1 Au- The Governing Council held its twenty-third session at United gust 1977 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 July 1977: Afghan- Nations Headquarters, New York, from 18 January to 4 February istan, Barbados, Canada, Chile, Germany, Federal Republic of, 1977; and its twenty-fourth session at Geneva, from 13 June to Jordan, Norway, Pakistan, Yugoslavia, Zambia. 1 July 1977.

Members (from 1 August 1977): Members: To serve until 31 July 1978: Benin, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Guinea, In- To serve until 31 December 1977: Argentina, Benin, Bulgaria, donesia, Netherlands, Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, United China, Finland, Germany, Federal Republic of, Guyana, Indo- Kingdom. nesia, Malawi, Malta, Netherlands, Niger, Peru, Poland, Sri To serve until 31 July 1979: Brazil, France, Italy, Japan, Morocco, Lanka, Switzerland. Poland, USSR, United Republic of Cameroon, United Republic To serve until 31 December 1978: Austria, Colombia, Cuba, of Tanzania, United States. Denmark, India, Iran, Italy, Japan, Mali, Mexico, Sierra Leone, To serve until 31 July 1980: Afghanistan, Barbados, Canada, Tunisia, USSR, United Kingdom, United States, Yemen. Chile, Germany, Federal Republic of, Jordan, Norway, Paki- To serve until 31 December 1979: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bu- stan, Yugoslavia, Zambia. rundi, Canada, Congo, France, Guinea, Kuwait, Madagascar, Norway, Pakistan, Romania, Swaziland, Sweden, Thailand. Chairman: Ferdinand Leopold Oyono (United Republic of Cam- eroon). President: Johan Kaufmann (Netherlands). First Vice-Chairman: Zaki Hasan (Pakistan). First Vice-President: Sarfraz Khan Malik (Pakistan). Second Vice-Chairman: Boguslaw Kozusznik (Poland). Second Vice-President: Raul Desmarás-Luzuriaga (Argentina) Third Vice-Chairman: Paal Bog (Norway). (twenty-third session), José Andres (Argentina) (twenty-fourth Fourth Vice-Chairman: Marcos de Carvalho Candau (Brazil). session). Third Vice-President: Evlogy Bonev (Bulgaria). Executive Director of UNICEF: Henry R. Labouisse. Rapporteur: Peter J. Kuyembeh (Sierra Leone).

COMMITTEE ON ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected the Members: following 16 members for a three-year term beginning on 1 Jan- To serve until 31 July 1977: Bulgaria, Canada, Cuba, France, uary 1978 to fill the vacancies occurring on 31 December 1977: Germany, Federal Republic of, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mo- Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Democratic Yemen, Ecuador, Fin- rocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Sweden, land, Germany, Federal Republic of, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jor- Switzerland, USSR, United Kingdom, United States. dan, Kenya, Netherlands, Poland, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, To serve from 1 August 1977: Canada, France, Germany, Fed- Trinidad and Tobago. eral Republic of, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Morocco, Neth- erlands, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Sweden, Administrator of UNDP: F. Bradford Morse. The structure of the United Nations 1227

Deputy Administrator: Indraprasad G. Patel (until 30 November ** Became a specialized agency on 15 December 1977 and, 1977). ipso facto, became a member of IACB on the same date. í Participates in the sessions of IACB at the request of the BUDGETARY AND FINANCE COMMITTEE Board and the Administrator of UNDP. The Budgetary and Finance Committee, a committee of the whole, held two series of meetings in 1977: one, at United Na- By a resolution of 20 December 1977, the General Assembly tions Headquarters, New York, between 17 January and 3 Feb- endorsed the recommendation of the Ad Hoc Committee on the ruary; and another, at Geneva, between 9 and 27 June. Restructuring of the Economic and Social Sectors of the United Nations System that the machinery for interagency co-ordination Chairman: Sarfraz Khan Malik (Pakistan). should be streamlined. Accordingly, steps were to be taken (in Rapporteur: Henrik Amneus (Sweden). 1978) to merge the Inter-Agency Consultative Board with the Ad- ministrative Committee on Co-ordination. COMMITTEE ON TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR POPULATION The Committee on Technical Co-operation among Developing ACTIVITIES (UNFPA) Countries, a committee of the whole, held two series of meetings The United Nations Fund for Population Activities is under the in 1977: one, at United Nations Headquarters, New York, authority of the General Assembly. Over-all policy guidance is between 28 January and 3 February; and another, at Geneva, provided to the Fund by the Economic and Social Council and between 8 and 16 June. financial and administrative policy guidance, by the Governing Council of UNDP. Chairman: Raúl Desmarás-Luzuriaga (Argentina) (January/ February meetings), José Ramón Sanchis Muñoz (Argentina) Executive Director: Rafael M. Salas. (June meetings). Rapporteur: Krisda Piampongsant (Thailand). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

INTERGOVERNMENTAL WORKING GOVERNING COUNCIL GROUP ON OVERHEAD COSTS The Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Pro- On 29 June 1977, the Governing Council established an inter- gramme reports to the Assembly through the Economic and So- governmental working group to recommend new arrangements cial Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) for the reimbursement of support costs for technical co-operation activities and to report to the Council on its work in June 1979. United Nations Industrial Development The Working Group, which was to be open to the participation Organization (UNIDO) of all the members of the Governing Council, as well as to ob- servers, did not meet in 1977. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BOARD The Industrial Development Board, the principal organ of the INTER-AGENCY CONSULTATIVE BOARD OF UNDP (IACB) United Nations Industrial Development Organization, reports an- The Inter-Agency Consultative Board consists of the Adminis- nually to the General Assembly through the Economic and Social trator of UNDP, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, the Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) executive heads of the specialized agencies—excepting the In- ternational Finance Corporation and the International Develop- United Nations Institute for Training ment Association—and of the International Atomic Energy and Research (UNITAR) Agency, and the heads of the United Nations Conference on The Executive Director of the United Nations Institute for Train- Trade and Development and the United Nations Industrial Devel- ing and Research reports to the General Assembly and, as ap- opment Organization. propriate, to the Economic and Social Council. (See above, under The Executive Directors of the United Nations Children's Fund, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) the World Food Programme and the United Nations Environment Programme, as well as the United Nations High Commissioner for United Nations Research Institute for Refugees, are invited to participate, as appropriate, in the meet- Social Development (UNRISD) ings of the Board. The Board, which meets under the chairmanship of the Admin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS istrator of UNDP, held its twenty-third session in Paris, on 4 April The Board of Directors of the United Nations Research Institute 1977; and its twenty-fourth session at United Nations Headquar- for Social Development reports to the Economic and Social ters, New York, on 27 October 1977. Represented at the sessions Council through the Commission for Social Development. were: The Board consists of: United Nations; International Labour Organisation; Food and The Chairman, appointed by the Secretary-General: Mohamed Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; United Nations Diawara (Ivory Coast); Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization; World Health Seven members, nominated by the Commission for Social Devel- Organization; International Bank for Reconstruction and Devel- opment and confirmed by the Economic and Social Council (to opment; International Monetary Fund;* International Civil Aviation serve until 30 June 1977): Jacques Delors (France), Gunnar Organization; Universal Postal Union; International Telecommuni- Karl Myrdal (Sweden), Khaleeq Ahmed Naqvi (India), cation Union; World Meteorological Organization; Inter- H. M. A. Onitiri (Nigeria), Berislaw Sefer (Yugoslavia), Eleanor Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization; World Intel- Bernert Sheldon (United States), Rodolfo Stavenhagen (Mex- lectual Property Organization;† International Fund for Agricultural ico); Development;†** International Atomic Energy Agency; and United Eight other members, as follows: a representative of the Nations Conference on Trade and Development, United Nations Secretary-General, the Director of the Latin American Institute Industrial Development Organization,* United Nations Children's for Economic and Social Planning, the Director of the Asian and Fund, World Food Programme, United Nations Environment Pro- Pacific Development Institute, the Director of the African Insti- gramme, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, tute for Economic Development and Planning, the Executive United Nations Fund for Population Activities‡ and UNDP. Secretary of the Economic Commission for Western Asia, the Director of UNRISD (ex officio), and the representatives of two * Not represented at the twenty-fourth session. of the following specialized agencies appointed as members t Not represented at either the twenty-third or twenty-fourth and observers in annual rotation: United Nations Educational, session. Scientific and Cultural Organization and World Health Organi- 1228 Appendix III

zation; International Labour Organisation; and Food and Agri- World Food Programme culture Organization of the United Nations. COMMITTEE ON FOOD AID POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES The Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes, the gov- On 3 February 1977, the Commission for Social Development erning body of the World Food Programme, consists of 30 mem- nominated the following for the vacancies occurring on 30 June bers, of whom 15 are elected by the Economic and Social Council 1977: Khaleeq Ahmed Naqvi (India), H. M. A. Onitiri (Nigeria), and 15 by the Council of the Food and Agriculture Organization of Berislaw Sefer (Yugoslavia), Eleanor Bernert Sheldon (United the United Nations (FAO), from Member States of the United Na- States) and Rodolfo Stavenhagen (Mexico), to serve for a further tions or from members of FAO. Members serve for three-year term of two years; and Karl Erick Knutsson (Sweden) and Jean terms. The Committee reports annually to the Economic and Ripert (France), to serve for a four-year term, all beginning on Social Council and to the FAO Council. It also submits periodic 1 July 1977. The Economic and Social Council confirmed the nom- and special reports to the World Food Council. inations on 13 May 1977. The Committee held two sessions in 1977: its third, from 16 to 27 May, and its fourth, from 24 October to 4 November, both at Rome. United Nations Special Fund

BOARD OF GOVERNORS Members: The Board of Governors of the United Nations Special Fund To serve until 31 December 1977: reports annually to the General Assembly through the Economic Elected by Economic and Social Council: Hungary, and Social Council. (See above, under THE GENERAL ASSEM- Mauritania, Philippines (Second Vice-Chairman), Sweden BLY.) (Chairman), Turkey. Elected by FAO Council: Australia, Canada, India, Saudi United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked Arabia, United States. Developing Countries To serve until 31 December 1978: Elected by Economic and Social Council: Belgium, Denmark, BOARD OF GOVERNORS Ethiopia, Japan, Pakistan. A Board of Governors of the United Nations Special Fund for Elected by FAO Council: Brazil, Congo (First Vice-Chairman), Land-locked Developing Countries was to report to the General Indonesia, Netherlands, Uganda. Assembly through the Economic and Social Council. (See above, To serve until 31 December 1979: under THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) Elected by Economic and Social Council: Argentina, Guatemala, Ireland, United Kingdom, Zaire. Elected by FAO Council: Egypt, France, Germany, Federal United Nations University Republic of, Guinea, Trinidad and Tobago.

COUNCIL OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY On 11 May 1977, the Economic and Social Council elected The Council of the United Nations University, the governing Greece, Hungary, Norway and Tunisia; and, on 1 December board of the University, reports annually to the General Assembly, 1977, the FAO Council elected Australia, Canada, India, Saudi to the Economic and Social Council and to the Executive Board of Arabia and the United States, all for a three-year term beginning the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organiza- on 1 January 1978 to fill nine of the 10 vacancies occurring on tion (UNESCO) through the Secretary-General and the Director- 31 December 1977. General of UNESCO. (See above, under THE GENERAL AS- No further elections were held in 1977 by the Economic and SEMBLY.) Social Council for the remaining vacancy.

Executive Director of the World Food Programme: Thomas World Food Council C. M. Robinson (until 30 September 1977),* Garson Nathaniel The World Food Council, an organ of the United Nations at the Vogel (from 1 October 1977). ministerial or plenipotentiary level, reports to the General Assem- bly through the Economic and Social Council. (See above, under * Served as Executive Director ad interim from 16 May 1976 to THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY.) 30 June 1977.

The Trusteeship Council

Article 86 of the United Nations Charter lays down that the MEMBERS Trusteeship Council shall consist of the following: Member administering a Trust Territory: United States. Non-administering members: China, France, USSR, United Kingdom. Members of the United Nations administering Trust Territories; Permanent members of the Security Council which do not SESSION administer Trust Territories; Forty-fourth session: United Nations Headquarters, New York, As many other members elected for a three-year term by the 6-23 June 1977. General Assembly as will ensure that the membership of the Council is equally divided between United Nations Members OFFICERS which administer Trust Territories and those which do not.* President: Robin A. C. Byatt (United Kingdom). Vice-President: Ricardo Duque (France).

* During 1977, only one Member of the United Nations was an United Nations Mission to French Somaliland (Djibouti) administering member of the Trusteeship Council, while four (to observe referendum and elections) permanent members of the Security Council continued as Members and representatives: Norway: Tom Eric Vraalsen. Sri non-administering members. Therefore, the parity called for by Lanka: I. B. Fonseka, Chairman. Venezuela: Maria Clemencia Article 86 of the Charter was not maintained. López. The structure of the United Nations 1229

United Nations Visiting Mission to the United Nations Visiting Mission to the Cayman Islands, 1977 United States Virgin Islands, 1977 Members and representatives: Fiji: Berenado Vunibobo, Members and representatives: Fiji: Berenado Vunibobo, Chairman. Trinidad and Tobago: Philip R. A. Sealy. Tunisia: Chairman. Mali: Noumou Diakite. Trinidad and Tobago: Philip Mohamed Bachrouch. R. A. Sealy. Tunisia: Mohamed Bachrouch.

The International Court of Justice

Judges of the Court Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, Gambia, Haiti, Honduras, The International Court of Justice consists of 15 Judges elected India, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, for nine-year terms by the General Assembly and the Security Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Council, each voting independently. Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, The following were the Judges of the Court serving in 1977, Portugal, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, listed in the order of precedence: Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay.

Country of End of United Nations organs and specialized agencies authorized Judge nationality term" to request advisory opinions from the Court Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga, President Uruguay 1979 Authorized by the United Nations Charter to request opinions on Nagendra Singh, Vice-President India 1982 any legal questions: General Assembly; Security Council. Isaac Forster Senegal 1982 Authorized by the General Assembly in accordance with the André Gros France 1982 Charter to request opinions on legal questions arising within Manfred Lachs Poland 1985 the scope of their activities: Economic and Social Council; Hardy Cross Dillard United States 1979 Trusteeship Council; Interim Committee of the General Louis Ignacio-Pinto Benin 1979 Federico de Castro Spain 1979 Assembly; Committee on Applications for Review of Platon D. Morozov USSR 1979 Administrative Tribunal Judgements; International Labour Sir Humphrey Waldock United Kingdom 1982 Organisation; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United José María Ruda Argentina 1982 Nations; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Hermann Mosler Germany, Federal Organization; World Health Organization; International Bank for Republic of 1985 Reconstruction and Development; International Finance Taslim Olawale Elias Nigeria 1985 Corporation; International Development Association; Salah El Dine Tarazi Syrian Arab Republic 1985 International Monetary Fund; International Civil Aviation Shigeru Oda Japan 1985 Organization; International Telecommunication Union; World Meteorological Organization; Inter-Governmental Maritime * Term expires on 5 February of the year indicated. Consultative Organization; World Intellectual Property Organization; International Fund for Agricultural Development; International Atomic Energy Agency. Registrar: Stanislas R. Aquarone. Deputy Registrar: William Tait (until 14 April 1977), Alain Pillepich (from 14 April 1977). Committees of the Court The Court has established the following committees, all of Chamber of Summary Procedure which are standing committees except for the Committee for the Cas constituted by the Court on 14 April 1977) Revision of the Rules of Court. Members: Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga (ex officio), Nagendra Singh (ex officio), Isaac Forster, Hardy Cross Dillard, Sir Humphrey Waldock. BUDGETARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE Substitute members: Taslim Olawale Elias, Salah El Dine Tarazi. Members: Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga (ex officio), Nagendra Singh (ex officio), André Gros, Manfred Lachs, José María Ruda. Parties to the Court's Statute All Members of the United Nations are ipso facto parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice. The following COMMITTEE FOR THE REVISION OF THE RULES OF COURT non-members have also become parties to the Court's Statute: Members: Manfred Lachs, Platon D. Morozov, Sir Humphrey Liechtenstein, San Marino, Switzerland. Waldock, Hermann Mosler, Taslim Olawale Elias, Salah El Dine Tarazi.

States accepting the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court Declarations made by the following States accepting the COMMITTEE ON RELATIONS Court's compulsory jurisdiction (or made under the Statute of the Members: Isaac Forster, Platon D. Morozov, Shigeru Oda. Permanent Court of International Justice and deemed to be an acceptance of the jurisdiction of the International Court) were in force at the end of 1977: LIBRARY COMMITTEE Australia, Austria, Belgium, Botswana, Canada, Colombia, Members: Hardy Cross Dillard, José María Ruda, Hermann Costa Rica, Democratic Kampuchea, Denmark, Dominican Mosler, Shigeru Oda. 1230 Appendix III

Principal members of the United Nations Secretariat fas at 31 December 1977)

Secretariat OFFICE OF GENERAL SERVICES Assistant Secretary-General: Clayton C. Timbrell The Secretary-General: Kurt Waldheim Department of Conference Services Executive Office of the Secretary-General Under-Secretary-General for Conference Services and Special Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Assistant to the Assignments: Bohdan Lewandowski Secretary-General: Rafee Uddin Ahmed Office of Public Information Office of the Under-Secretaries-General Assistant Secretary-General: Genichi Akatani for Special Political Affairs Under-Secretary-General: Roberto E. Guyer United Nations Office at Geneva Under-Secretary-General: Brian E. Urquhart Under-Secretary-General, Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva: Vittorio Winspeare Guicciardi Office of the Assistant Secretary-General for Special Political Questions International Court of Justice Registry Assistant Secretary-General: Abdulrahim Abby Farah Registrar: Stanislas R. Aquarone

Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Secretariats of subsidiary organs, special Political and General Assembly Affairs representatives and other related bodies Under-Secretary-General: William B. Buffum Chief Co-ordinator of the United Nations Peace-keeping Office of Legal Affairs Missions in the Middle East Under-Secretary-General, the Legal Counsel: Erik Suy Chief Co-ordinator: Lieutenant-General Ensio P. H. Siilasvuo

Office of Inter-Agency Affairs and Co-ordination Conference of the Committee on Disarmament Under-Secretary-General: C. V. Narasimhan Assistant Secretary-General, Special Representative of the Secretary-General: Risto Hyvarinen Department of Political and Security Council Affairs Under-Secretary-General: Arkady N. Shevchenko Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Namibia Assistant Secretary-General, United Nations Commissioner for United Nations Centre for Disarmament Namibia: Martti Ahtisaari Assistant Secretary-General: Rolf G. Bjornerstedt Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Department of Political Affairs, Trusteeship Co-ordinator (UNDRO) and Decolonization Under-Secretary-General, Disaster Relief Co-ordinator: Faruk Under-Secretary-General: Tang Ming-chao N. Berkol

Department of Economic and Social Affairs Office of the United Nations High Commissioner Under-Secretary-General: Gabriel Van Laethem for Refugees (UNHCR) Under-Secretary-General, Commissioner for Technical High Commissioner: Sadruddin Aga Khan Co-operation: Issoufou Saidou Djermakoye Assistant Secretary-General for Social Development and Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea Humanitarian Affairs: Helvi Sipila Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative of the Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic Secretary-General: Bernardo Zuleta Commission for Europe: Janez I. Stanovnik Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: Johan Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Henry R. La- B. P. Maramis bouisse Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic Assistant Secretary-General, Senior Deputy Executive Direc- Commission for Latin America: Enrique V. Iglesias tor: Eric J. R. Heyward Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director, Pro- Commission for Africa: Adebayo Adedeji grammes: Charles A. Egger Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, Economic Commission for Western Asia: Mohamed-Said AI-Attar INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE CHILD Assistant Secretary-General, Special Representative: Estefa- United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations nia Aldaba-Lim Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: Klaus Aksel Sahlgren United Nations Conference on Science and Technology Under-Secretary-General, Secretary-General of the Conference: Department of Administration and Management João Frank da Costa Under-Secretary-General: George F. Davidson United Nations Conference on Trade and OFFICE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES Development (UNCTAD) Assistant Secretary-General, Controller: Helmut F. Debatin Under-Secretary-General, Secretary-General of the Conference: Gamani Corea OFFICE OF PERSONNEL SERVICES Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Secretary-General of the Assistant Secretary-General: Mohamed Habib Gherab Conference: Stein Rossen The structure of the United Nations 1231

Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Conference: Bernard T. Chidzero Executive Director: Mostafa Kamal Tolba Assistant Secretary-General, Deputy Executive Director: Peter Shaw Thacher United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Assistant Secretary-General, Assistant Executive Director: Administrator: F. Bradford Morse Sveneld Evteev Deputy Administrator: Bert H. Lindstrom Assistant Secretary-General, Assistant Executive Director, Bu- Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Special Activities: John A. reau of Programme: Horst Peter Oltmanns Olver Assistant Administrator, Bureau for Administration: Sixten United Nations Habitat and Human Settlements Foundation K. D. Heppling Assistant Secretary-General, Administrator: César Quintana Executive Director, United Nations Fund for Population Activi- ties: Rafael M. Salas United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC) Deputy Executive Director, United Nations Fund for Population Executive Director: Jacobus De Beus Activities: Halvor Gille Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Regional Bu- United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) reau for Africa: Michel Doo Kingue Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Abd-EI Rahman Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Resident Khane Representative in Lebanon: John M. Saunders Assistant Administrator and Regional Bureau for Asia and the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) Pacific: Andrew J. Joseph Under-Secretary-General, Executive Director: Davidson Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Regional Bu- S. H. W. Nicol reau of Europe, Mediterranean and Middle East: Stig Ander- sen United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) Assistant Administrator and Regional Director, Regional Bu- Assistant Secretary-General, Force Commander: Major-General reau for Latin America: Gabriel Valdes-Subercaseaux James Joseph Quinn Assistant Administrator and Director for Bureau for Programme Policy and Evaluation: Margaret J. Anstee United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Deputy Secretary-General, United Nations Conference on Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) Technical Co-operation among Developing Countries: Commissioner-General: Thomas W. McElhiney Abdel-Razzak Abdel-Meguid Assistant Secretary-General: Sidney S. Dell United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine (UNTSO) Chief of Staff: Major-General Emmanuel Alexander Erskine United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) Force Commander: Major-General Hannes Philipp United Nations University Rector: James M. Hester

United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) World Food Council Force Commander: Major-General Rais Abin Assistant Secretary-General, Executive Director: John A. Hannah

On 31 December 1977, the total number of staff of the United ular staff serving at Headquarters or other established offices Nations holding permanent, probationary and fixed-term appoint- and 2,043 were assigned as project personnel to technical co- ments with service or expected service of a year or more was operation projects. In addition, the United Nations Relief and 20,146. Of these, 6,623 were in the Professional and higher cate- Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East had some gories and 13,523 were in the General Service, Manual Worker 15,000 local area staff. and Field Service categories. Of the same total, 18,103 were reg- 1232 Appendix IV

Appendix IV United Nations Information Centres and Offices (As at 1 April 1978)

ACCRA. United Nations Information Centre BELGRADE. United Nations Information GENEVA. Information Service, United Liberia and Maxwell Roads Centre Nations Office at Geneva (Post Office Box 2339) Svetozara Markovica 58 Palais des Nations Accra, Ghana (Post Office Box 157) 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland Belgrade, Yugoslavia YU-11001 ADDIS ABABA. Information Service, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa BOGOTA. United Nations Information ISLAMABAD. United Nations Information Africa Hall Centre Centre (Post Office Box 3001) Calle 10 No. 3061 House No. 26 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Apartado Postal 6567) Ramna 6/3, 88th Street Bogota, Colombia (Post Office Box 1107) ALGIERS. United Nations Information Islamabad, Pakistan Centre BRUSSELS. United Nations Information 19 Avenue Chahid El-Waly and Liaison Office Mustapha Sayed, Debussy 108 Rue d'Arlon KABUL. United Nations Information Centre (Boîte Postale 823) 1040 Brussels, Belgium Shah Mahmoud Ghazi Watt Algiers, Algeria (Post Office Box 5) BUCHAREST. United Nations Information Kabul, Afghanistan ANKARA. United Nations Information Centre Office 16 Rue Aurel Vlaicu KATHMANDU. United Nations Information 197 Ataturk Bulvari Bucharest, Romania Centre (P.K. 407) Lainchaur, Lazimpat Ankara, Turkey BUENOS AIRES. United Nations Informa- (Post Office Box 107) tion Centre Kathmandu, Nepal ANTANANARIVO. United Nations Infor- Marcelo T. de Alvear 684 (3er piso) mation Centre Buenos Aires, Argentina KHARTOUM. United Nations Information 26 Rue de Liege Centre (Boîte Postale 1348) BUJUMBURA. United Nations Information Plot No. 1(9), Block 5D East Antananarivo, Madagascar Centre Nigumi Street Avenue de la Poste et Place Jungers (Post Office Box 1992) ASUNCION. United Nations Information (Boîte Postale 1490) Khartoum, Sudan Centre Bujumbura, Burundi Edificio City (3er piso) KINSHASA. United Nations Information Calle Estrella y Chile CAIRO. United Nations Information Centre Centre (Casilla de Correo 1107) Sh. Osoris Building Deuxième République Asunción, Paraguay Tagher Building (Garden City) Boulevard du 30 juin (Post Office Box 262) (Boîte Postale 7248) ATHENS. United Nations Information Cairo, Egypt Kinshasa, Zaire Centre 36 Amalia Avenue COLOMBO. United Nations Information Athens 119, Greece Centre LAGOS. United Nations Information Centre 204 Buller's Road 17 Kingsway Road, Ikoyi BAGHDAD. United Nations Information (Post Office Box 1505) (Post Off ice Box 1068) Centre Colombo 7, Sri Lanka Lagos, Nigeria House No. 167/1 Abu Nouwas Street (Post Office Box 2398 Alwiyah) COPENHAGEN. United Nations Informa- LA PAZ. United Nations Information Centre Baghdad, Iraq tion Centre Edificio "Santa Isabel" 37 H. C. Andersen's Boulevard Avenida Arce No. 2525 (2° piso) BANGKOK. Information Service, United DK 1553 Copenhagen V, Denmark (Apartado Postal 686) Nations Economic and Social Commis- La Paz, Bolivia sion for Asia and the Pacific DAKAR. United Nations Information Centre Sala Santitham 2 Avenue Roume LIMA. United Nations Information Centre Bangkok, Thailand (Boîte Postale 154) Avenida Arenales 815 Dakar, Senegal (Apartado Postal 11199) BEIRUT. Information Service, United Lima, Peru Nations Economic Commission for DAR ES SALAAM. United Nations Informa- Western Asia tion Centre LISBON. United Nations Information Apt. No. 1, Fakhoury Building Matasalamat Building Centre Montee Baim Militaire (Post Office Box 9224) Rua Latino Coelho No. 1 (Post Office Box 4656) Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Edificio Avis, Bloco A-1 10 Andar Beirut, Lebanon Tanzania Lisbon 1, Portugal United Nations Information Centres and Offices 1233

LOME. United Nations Information Centre NAIROBI. United Nations Information SAN SALVADOR. United Nations Informa- Rue Albert Sarraut Centre tion Centre Coin Avenue de Gaulle Electricity House (11th floor) 6a-10a Calle Poniente 1833 (Boîte Postale 911) Harambee Avenue (Apartado Postal 2157) Lomé, Togo (Post Office Box 30218) San Salvador, El Salvador Nairobi, Kenya LONDON. United Nations Information SANTIAGO. Information Service, United Centre NEW DELHI. United Nations Information Nations Economic Commission for Latin 14/15 Stratford Place Centre America London W1N 9AF, England 55 Lodi Estate Edificio Naciones Unidas New Delhi 110003, India Avenida Dag Hammarskjold LUSAKA. United Nations Information Santiago, Chile Centre PARIS. United Nations Information Centre Post Office Box 2905 4 et 6, Avenue de Saxe SYDNEY. United Nations Information Lusaka, Zambia 75700 Paris, France Centre 77 King Street PORT MORESBY. United Nations Infor- (Post Office Box 4045, Sydney 2001, MANAMA. United Nations Information mation Centre N.S.W.) Centre Towers Building (ground floor) Sydney 2000, N.S.W., Australia Jufair Musgrave Street, Ela Beach (Post Office Box 814) (Post Office Box 472) TEHERAN. United Nations Information Manama, Bahrain Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Centre Off Takhte Jamshid MANILA. United Nations Information PORT OF SPAIN. United Nations Informa- 12 Kh. Bandar Pahlavi Centre tion Centre (Post Office Box 1555) Neda Building, Amorsolo Street 15 Keate Street Teheran, Iran Legaspi Village, Makati (Post Office Box 130) (Post Office Box 2149) Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago TOKYO. United Nations Information Centre Metro Manila, Philippines Shin Ohtemachi Building, Room 450 PRAGUE. United Nations Information 2-1 Ohtemachi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku MASERU. United Nations Information Centre Tokyo, Japan Centre Panska 5 Credit Union League House 110 00 Prague 1, Czechoslovakia TUNIS. United Nations Information Centre Kingsway 61, Boulevard Bab Benat (Post Office Box 301) RABAT. United Nations Information Centre (Boîte Postale 863) Maseru, Lesotho Angle Charia Moulay Hassan et Zankat Tunis, Tunisia Assafi MEXICO CITY. United Nations Information (Casier ONU) VIENNA. Information Service, United Na- Centre Rabat, Morocco tions Industrial Development Organiza- Presidente Mazaryk No. 29 (7° piso) tion Colonia Polanco RANGOON. United Nations Information Lerchenfelderstrasse 1 Mexico 5, D.F., Mexico Centre (Post Office Box 707, A-1011 Vienna) 28A Manawhari Road A-1070 Vienna, Austria MONROVIA. United Nations Information Rangoon, Burma Centre WASHINGTON. United Nations Informa- LBDI Building RIO DE JANEIRO. United Nations Informa- tion Centre Main Road, Congotown tion Centre 2101 L Street, N.W. (Post Office Box 274) Rua Cruz Lima 19, group 201 Washington, D.C. 20037, United States Monrovia, Liberia Flamengo Rio de Janeiro, Brazil YAOUNDE. United Nations Information Centre MOSCOW. United Nations Information ROME. United Nations Information Centre Immeuble Kamden Centre Palazzetto Venezia Rue Joseph Clere No. 4/16 Ulitsa, Lunacharskogo 1 Piazza San Marco 50 (Boîte Postale 836) Moscow, USSR Rome, Italy Yaoundé, United Republic of Cameroon How to obtain previous volumes 1303

How to obtain previous volumes of the Yearbook

Volumes of the Yearbook of the United Nations published previously may be obtained in many bookstores throughout the world and also from the Sales Section, United Na- tions, New York, N.Y. 10017, or from United Nations Publications, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. Volumes listed below with an * are special reprints of edi- tions out of print.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1976 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1961 Vol. 30. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.76.I.1. Vol. 15. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 62.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1975 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1960 Vol. 29. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.77.I.1. Vol. 14. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 61.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1974 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1959* Vol. 28. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.76.I.1. Vol. 13. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 60.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1973 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1958 Vol. 27. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.75.I.1. Vol. 12. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 59.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1972 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1957* Vol. 26. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.74.I.1. Vol. 11. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 58.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1971 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1956* Vol. 25. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.73.I.1. Vol. 10. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 57.I.1.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1970* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1955* Vol. 24. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.72.I.1. Vol. 9. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 56.I.20.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1969 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1954* Vol. 23. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.71.I.1. Vol. 8. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 55.I.25.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1968 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1953* Vol. 22. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.70.I.1. Vol. 7. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 54.1.15.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1967 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1952* Vol. 21. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.68.I.1. Vol. 6. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 53.I.30.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1966* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1951* Vol. 20. U.N. Pub. Sales No. E.67.I.1. Vol. 5. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 52.I.30.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1965* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1950* Vol. 19. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 66.I.1. Vol. 4. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 1951.I.24.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1964* Yearbook of the United Nations, 1948-49* Vol. 18. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 65.I.1. Vol. 3. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 1950.I.11.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1963 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1947-48 Vol. 17. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 64.I.1. Vol. 2. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 1949.I.13.

Yearbook of the United Nations, 1962 Yearbook of the United Nations, 1946-47* Vol. 16. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 63.I.1. Vol. 1. U.N. Pub. Sales No. 1947.I.18.

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