Biobased Economy Workshop

Intregated Pest Management (IPM) Programs in Tropical Agriculture

Celso Omoto Dept. of Entomology and Acarology Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture / University of São Paulo

[email protected] OUTLINE

• Tropical agriculture: implications for IPM Soybean-Maize-Cotton  Sugarcane  Citrus

• Our major goal: Sustainable Pest Management in Tropical Agriculture The miracle of Cerrado

Available at: http://www.economist.com/node/16886442 Maize Production Area in Brazil (1990-2016) (million of hectares)

Source: CONAB Crop growing seasons

Maize Maize 2nd season 1st season Winter  9.9 million ha  5.6 million ha

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP Cotton  1.0 million ha

Soybean  33 million ha Source: Conab / IBGE (2016) Maize production areas

1st season 2nd season

5,6 Mi ha 9,9 Mi ha

Source: Conab (2016) Soybean and Cotton Production Areas

Soybean Cotton

33 Mi ha 1 Mi ha

Source: Conab (2016) Cross-Crop Pests

Soybean Maize Cotton

Spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera frugiperda Spodoptera frugiperda S. eridania Helicoverpa zea S. eridania S. cosmioides Stink bugs and other bugs S. cosmioides Helicoverpa armigera Whiteflies Helicoverpa armigera Chloridea virescens Spider mites Chloridea virescens Chrysodeixis includens Chrysodeixis includens Stink bugs and other bugs Stink bugs and other bugs Whiteflies Whiteflies Spider mites Spider mites Soybean in Western Bahia

• 1980´s 2 to 4 insecticide sprays Production cost: US$ 300-400/ha • 1990´s  5 to 7 insecticide sprays Production cost: US$ 500-600/ha • 2000´s  6 a 8 insecticide sprays Production cost: US$ 800/ha • 2012/13  > 10 insecticide sprays Production cost:  US$ 950/ha

Source: ADAB, ABAPA, AIBA, Fundação BA Genetically Modified Crops Bt Crops Intense selection pressure with Bt crops

Research Lines / Areas

• Taxonomy and Bioecology Acarology Insect Biology Insect Ecology Insect Molecular Ecology Insect Physiology and Biochemistry Insect Taxonomy

• Arthropod-plant-microorganism interactions Chemical Ecology and Insect Behaviour Insect Vectors of Plant Pathogen Interactions in Insects Insect Pathology

• Integrated pest management strategies Arthropod Resistance to Control Tactics Biological Control Integrated Pest Management Host Plant Resistance Department of Entomology and Acarology Major research interests

• to develop and implement innovative and integrative technologies (e.g. biological control packages, genes for pest control through transgenesis and RNAi, molecules for behavioral pest control, molecular markers, etc.)

• to assess the impact of current pest control strategies (GMOs, pesticides, biological control, semiochemicals) on the biodiversity of agroecosystems, on the plant- arthropod and arthropod-arthropod interactions and the side-effects on beneficials Technological Innovations – Biological Control Agents Parasitic wasps Entomopatogenic fungi

Metarril (Metarhizium anisopliae) Boveril (Beauveria bassiana) Cotesia flavipes > 4 million ha/year Vertirril (Verticillium lecanii) Trichogramma spp. > 500,000 ha/year Trichodermil (Trichoderma spp.)

Entrepreneurship: Startups

Department of Entomology and Acarology 15 Technological Innovations - Pheromones Citrus Fruit Borer Migdolus beetle– 300,000 ha Citrus Fruit Borer – 150,000 ha Citrus leaf miner – under registration

Losses avoided in 10 years - 2003-2012 U$ 1.2 billion (50% less pesticides)

Cost-Benefit (investment/losses avoided) U$ 1 : 112

National Institute in Science and Technology in Semiochemicals Coordinators: J.R.P.Parra & J.M.S.Bento

Department of Entomology and Acarology 16 EMBRAPII in Biological Control Agents and Biotechnological Process 2017

2017 Entomology at USP

Top 10 in the World Thank you for your attention!

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