SOCIALS 10 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

Study Guide’s purpose: This guide will help you focus on the main points covered in the final exam. Please note that not everything in this guide is on the exam and that some information on the exam may not be covered in this study guide (that’s why we call it a guide!). Make sure that you use this guide as you also "skim and scan" the textbook chapters in addition to going over your notes and assignments.

CHAPTER 1: COLONIES IN THE WILDERNESS Important Terms and People: Oligarchy, , Chateau Clique, Clergy and Crown Reserves, republican government, land speculators, tenant farmers, coffin ships, underground railway, veto, Robert Gourlay, John Strachan, Papineau, Mackenzie, Lord Durham, Durham Report

Points to Consider 1. What life was like for settlers in Upper Canada in the early 1820s. 2. The role of the official church of Upper Canada. 3. Why immigrants from Europe and the U.S. wanted to come to Canada,. 4. Describe the structure of the colonial government at this time. 5. Causes and results of the Rebellions of 1837. 6. Durham's Report: Recommendations 7. CHAPTER 2: BUILDING A NATION -VICTORIAN TIMES Important Terms and People: , Act of Union, Corn Laws, Lord Elgin, , Clear Grits, Parti Bleu, Rebellion Losses Bill, Manifest Destiny, Rep. by Pop, John A. Macdonald, Georges-Etienne Cartier, George Brown, double majority, Confederation, Fenian Raids, Charlottetown Conference. Quebec Conference, Seventy-Two Resolutions, British North America Act, Constitution Points to Consider 1. Life in Victorian times: how they lived, what they believed in, their attitudes, new forms of entertainment and inventions. 2. Confederation: Arguments for and against + which parts of Canada were the first to join. 3. Provincial and Federal Powers under the BNA Act 4. Structure of the Canadian Government under the BNA Act

CHAPTER 3: GEOGRAPHY OF WESTERN CANADA Important Terms and ideas: physical characteristics of place, continental climate, maritime climate, rain shadow, leeward side, frontal precipitation, rural settlement pattern, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock, tectonics, plates, subduction zones, Continental Shelf, Juan de Fuca Plate Points to Consider 1. Physical regions of Western Canada, physical features, climate and natural resources. 2. What things determine where people will settle? 3. Temperature influences and reasons for: altitude, distance from the equator, bodies of water . . . CHAPTER 4: THE NORTHWEST TO 1870 Important Terms and People: Rupert's Land, Metis, hivernant, country-born, pemmican, township pattern, seigneurial pattern, Lord Selkirk, Miles MacDonnell, Pemmican Proclamation, Red River Settlement, Canadian Party, Louis Riel, Manitoba Act, John Schultz, Thomas Scott, Provisional Government, bison hunt, George Simpson. Points to Consider 1. Comparison of Northwest Company and HBC way of doing business 2. Life in Red River: the role of the Metis, their lifestyle and cultural traditions. 3. Economy of Red River. 4. Tensions between the settlers from Canada West and the Metis. 5. Rebellion at Red River: causes, events, and results.

 Chapters 5, 6, and 7 terms and questions are on the reverse side of this handout

CHAPTER 5: METIS IN THE NORTHWEST Important Terms and People: Gabriel Dumont, scrip, Laws of St. Laurent, Whiskey Traders, Lawrence Clarke, Northwest Mounted Police, Pacific Scandal, National Dream, , Sir Hugh Allen, CPR Syndicate, Sanford Fleming, Major Rogers, William Van Horne, Metis Bill of Rights, Duck Lack, Batoche.

Points to Consider 1. Treatment of Metis after the Red River Rebellion. 2. Metis in the Northwest: Role of Lawrence Clarke, Gabriel Dumont and the Bison Hunt of 1875 3. Macdonald's National Dream - what was it? How did he propose to realize it? 4. How the American fur traders helped to speed up the creation of the Northwest Mounted Police, and the building of the railway. 5. How did Macdonald become involved in the Pacific Scandal? What was the scandal? 6. Describe how the Canadian government treated the natives during treaty negotiations. 7. How did the CPR Syndicate succeed in getting the railway built? Problems they faced, and how they dealt with them. Treatment of railway workers. 8 What was British Columbia promised if they agreed to join Confederation? 9. Northwest Rebellion: causes, main events, main people and results - trial of Riel. CHAPTER 6: BRITISH COLUMBIA TO 1896 Important Terms and People: James and Amelia Douglas, John McLoughlin, Billy Barker, Anthony Musgrave, "Gassy Jack" Deighton, David Oppenheimer, Amor de Cosmos, James Polk. Points to Consider 1. Settlement of the boundary of the Oregon territory - conflict between John McLoughlin and George Simpson: What Britain wanted, What the U.S. wanted + The end result. 2. The colony of Vancouver Island. Why was it formed? Who was in charge? Social structure. 3. Colony of British Columbia: Why was it formed? Who was in charge? Why did the two colonies finally unite? Structure of Colonial Government. Capital cities. 4. BC enters Confederation: Who and what were the different sides in the Confederation debate? Who Won and how? What were the terms of Confederation? How BC was seen by other parts of Canada? (Quebec, Ontario) 5. Cariboo Gold Rush. What was its impact on the development of BC? Rise and fall of Barkerville as an important centre. 6. CPR - Battle of the Routes. How was it resolved. Importance to the development of Vancouver - role of David Oppenheimer. 7. Chinese in BC - prejudice and discrimination, how shown?

CHAPTER 7: THE EMERGENCE OF MODERN CANADA, 1896 -1914 Important Terms and People: Wilfred Laurier, South African (Boer) War, Henri Bourassa, the Naval Crisis, Robert Borden, Clifford, Frank Oliver, William Lyon Mackenzie King, Nellie McClung, Emily Carr, Pauline Johnson, Women's Christian Temperance Union.

Points to Consider 1. Issues dividing English and French Canada - Manitoba Schools, Naval Crisis, South African War. How did Laurier resolve these issues? 2. Issues concerning - Alaska Boundary Dispute, South African War, Naval Issue, Reciprocity with the United States, Imperialism. What was Laurier's approach to these issues? 3. Immigration - attitudes and laws regarding Asian immigration, "Last Best West", push-pull factors for immigration, How did Canadian immigration policies change? Who were the Immigration Ministers? How did they differ? What was "continuous passage"? 4. Migration to the Cities - Why did people move to cities? Why did immigrates settle in cities? 5. Growth of Railways - Why was Canadian National Railway formed? 6. Rise of Unions - what is a union? why were they formed? What challenges did they face in BC? 7. Women's Suffrage: define suffrage, connection between suffrage and social issues - define WCTU. 8. First Nations Issues - reserve lands, McKenna-McBride Commission, cut-off lands, residential schools, Nisga'a land claim. 9. Turn of the century innovations - changes in transportation, communication, culture.

Note: apart from short multiple choice questions, the exam will also contain cite reference multiple choice question based upon maps containing political, physical, and historical information (Canada) and political cartoons. When answering questions based upon political cartoons, look at them carefully and think about the implied ideas of the cartoons and their intended purposes. They will contain information on people and events that we have studied this year. Study hard, good luck!