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Refractory Clay Deposits of South-Central Colorado

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Refractory Clay Deposits of South-Central Colorado Refractory Clay Deposits of South-Central Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 993 Refractory Clay Deposits of South-Central Colorado By KARL M. WAAGE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 993 A description of the refractory and semirefractory clays in the Purgatoire formation and Dakota sandstone UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1953 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Abstract _________________________________________________________ 1 Introduction. _____________________________________________________ 2 The present study._________________________________________ 2 Acknowledgments _ ____________________________________________ 2 Location of the clay deposits.--_--______________-------___-----_ 2 Previous geologic work_________________________________________ 4 Stratigraphy of the clay-bearing formations.__________________________ 5 Classification of the clay-bearing rocks______-___-_---_____-_---_ 5 Purgatoire formation__ _ _____________________________________ 7 Lytle sandstone member____________________________________ 8 Glencairn shale member. __________________________________ 9 Fossils.__________________________________________________ 11 Dakota sandstone.____________________________________________ 11 Lower sandstone unit ______________________________________ 12 Dry Creek Canyon member____ __________________________ 13 Upper sandstone unit ______________________________________ 17 Uniform bodies of Dakota sandstone.________________________ 18 Fossils.__________________________________________________ 20 Channel deposits within the Dakota sandstone ________________ 20 Kinds of channel deposits_______________________________ 22 Interpretation. ________________________________________ 24 Correlation and age of the Purgatoire and Dakota formations___--_- 26 Correlation with northeastern Colorado ______________________ 26 Age relationships._________________________________________ 28 Refractory clay deposits____________________________________________ 29 Definition and classification.____________________________________ 29 Clay of Glencairn shale member of the Purgatoire formation-_______ 30 Clay of Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone. ______ 31 Character of the clay _ _____________________________________ 31 Flint clay__________________________________________ 31 Semiplastic clay_______________________________________ 35 Clay of the marker bed_________________________________ 36 Plastic clay_________________________________________ 36 Mineralogic composition of the flint and plastic clays _ _____ 38 Properties of the clay types.________________________________ 39 Stratigraphic relations of the clay types ______________________ 43 Origin of the clay__________________________________________ 45 Sedimentary origin, ___________________________________ 45 Source of clay sediment ________________________________ 47 Locus of deposition.___________________________________ 48 Inferred depositional history, ___________________________ 49 Clay of upper sandstone unit of the Dakota sandstone _____________ 51 IV CONTENTS Page Clay mining districts_____________________________-_________-_______ 52 Geologic setting,______________________________________________ 52 Mining and production_________________________________________ 54 Turkey Creek district-__________________________^_---_--_--__-_ 55 Location and subdivisions. _________________-_-_-_---___-_-_ 55 Geology-_________________________________________________ 55 Stone City area______________--_______---_-_---------_---- 56 Local structure__---_________-_-----__-------_--------- 57 Clay deposits.___-_-_____-______-_--__---_-_-_-_-_---- 58 Clay mines-__-_-__________-______________-_-___------ 59 Dry Creek Canyon mine.__________________________ 59 Spring Canyon mines_---_-__________-___-_-__-_-_- 60 Nellie Helen mine.________________________________ 60 Snowden entry.___________________________________ 61 Abandoned workings-___-___-__-___-_-_-___________ 61 Reserves _______________-__-__--__-_____-__-_--_------ 62 Future prospecting.---__----_-___-______-___---_--___- 62 Hell Canyon area_______^________________-___-_-_-_-_---_ 63 Accessibility.__--_________________-_-___--__--_-_----_ 63 Geology and clay deposits-___________-____---_--_-_---_ 64 Clay mines___________________________________________ 64 Reserves._ ___________________________________________ 65 Group A prospects_________________________________ 66 Group B prospects_______________________________ 68 Areas for subsurface exploration.________________________ 68 Total reserves in the Turkey Creek district___________________ 70 Beulah district-___________________________---------_-----_-_-- 70 Geology and clay deposits. _________________________________ 70 Rock Creek area__ ________________________________________ 71 Geology._____________________________________________ 71 Clay deposits.________________________-_-_-_-_-___-_-- 73 Clay mines___________________________________________ 74 Mines and prospects in other areas._________________________ 76 Canon City district____________________________________________ 76 Location and subdivisions._________________________________ 76 Clay-bearing beds._____________________------_---_-_-_--__ 77 Clay mining._____________________________________________ 77 Clay deposits.._________________-___-_____-_-_-_-_-_-----_ 78 Parkdale area___________________-______--_-__---_----_ 78 Grape Creek area____________________________________ 79 Skyline Hogback area__________________________________ 79 Oil Creek and Sixmile Creek area________________________ 80 Flint clay of the Wilson Creek area______________________ 80 Clay mines._____________________-_-----____-_---_ 81 Character of the clay-bearing zone.- __________________ 81 Possible extensions of the flint clay body _____________ 83 Penrose district_________-__________-_______--_------------__-_ 84 Clay deposits in adjacent counties-______________________________ 85 Wetmore area, Custer County_________--____-_---_---------- 85 Capers area, Huerfano and Pueblo Counties._________________ 87 Cucharas canyon area, Huerfano County_________--_____--_-_ 88 Geology_________-_______________--__---------_------- 89 Clay deposits___-___________---_------------_--------- 90 Appraisal__ _________________________________________ 92 CONTENTS Page Future prospecting. 92 References cited________ 93 Analyses of clay samples. 94 Index _________________ 103 ILLUSTKATIONS Page PLATE 1. Geologic map of the Turkey Creek district.____________ In pocket 2. Geologic map of the Stone City area___________________ In pocket 3. Distribution of clay in the Stone City area _____________ In pocket 4. Geology and distribution of clay in the Hell Canyon area_ _ In pocket 5. Geologic map of the Rock Creek area_-__-_-___-__----- In pocket FIGURE 1. Index map of refractory clay areas of south-central Colorado__ 3 2. Generalized section of the Purgatoire formation and the Dakota sandstone-___________________________________________ 6 3. Exposure of the Purgatoire formation at Parkdale in Fremont County,_____________________________________________ 8 4. Exposures of the Purgatoire formation on Skyline Hogback near Canon City_ ____________________________________ 10 5. Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone in Dry Creek Canyon.______________________________________ 13 6. Close-up of the lower part of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone.______________________________ 14 7. Superposition of Dakota channel deposits__________________ 17 8. Areal distribution of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone in south-central Colorado-____________ 21 9. Clay-bearing zone of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone in Dry Creek Canyon_________________ 22 10. Flint clay of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone in Dry Creek Canyon._______________________ 23 11. Stages in the development of channel deposits in the Dakota sandstone_ ___________________________________________ 25 12. Flint clay from the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone _ _-____-_______-__-_-___-___-___-__________- 32 13. Plastic clay from the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone_ _ _________________________________________ 37 14. Columnar sections of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone-___________-____--__--_-_____-__-__ 44 15. Cross sections of the clay-bearing zone of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone-______________ 46 16. Columnar section of rocks in the clay-mining districts-._____ 53 17. Geologic map of a portion of the Cucharas River canyon area, Huerfano County_____________________________________ 91 VI CONTENTS TABLES Page 1. Properties of the clays of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Da­ kota sandstone in the raw state ________________________________ 40 2. Characteristics of the clays of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone when treated by heat at 1,800 F (about cone 07) _ _ 40 .3. Characteristics of the clays of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone when treated by heat at 2,000 F (about cone 04}0_ 41 4. Characteristics of the clays of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone when treated by heat at 2,200 F (cone 5)______ 41 5. Characteristics of the clays of the Dry Creek Canyon member of the Dakota sandstone when treated by heat at 2,300 F (cone 8)_______
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