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Geologic Map of the Lodge Grass 30' X 60' Quadrangle, Montana

Lodge Grass 30' x 60' Quadrangle,Lodge Vuke GEOLOGIC MAP SERIES NO. 56

Meters Sea Level 2000 1000 1000 2000 Mean A A Scale (Vertical and Horizontal) 1:100,000 Surficial deposits not shown Projection: UTM zone 13; 1927 NAD Map date: 1981 Lodge Grass 30'x60' topographic quadrangle Base from U.S. Geological Survey Mta Compiled and Mapped by Susan M. Vuke, Edith M. Wilde, DOtjb Lodge Grass 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Cs Mm David A. Lopez, and Robert N. Bergantino Willow Creek Geologic Map of the 2000 (Revised 2007) DOtjb et al. 2000 (Revised 2007) Mm DOtjb IOEES1012 1 0 1 KILOMETERS IE 1 0 1 MILES Ag Cs Mm

Black Canyon Creek

North Fork Mm Lodge Grass Creek 3 234 4 567 Mta

CREEK

SOAP

DOME 01 21 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 56

ROTTEN

GRASS

DOME Pcg Je 7891011 KJkm Pcg Je KJkm map - S M Vuke 51 71 920 19 18 17 16 15 eiinDate Revision Kt

Lodge Grass Creek Kbm 213 12 8/07

Dick Creek Kcgr 1 CENTIMETER ON THE MAP REPRESENTS KILOMETER GROUND

Johnny Creek CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 METERS SCALE 1:100 000 Ag Cs Kn

DOME

GULCH BLACK 5000

Crazy Creek 1000 Kga 0 0 Prepared in Cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. of Energy National Petroleum Department Technology Office Kcl 10 000

Bighorn 5000 20 000 Halfway Creek

Halfway Reservoir Kjr 30 000 10 000 40 000

Owl Creek 15 000 50 000 lhTflt Klfh

Little Beaver Creek 60 000 dip of fault plane not known 1300 West Park Street, Butte, Montana 59701-8997 Phone: (406) 496-4167 or 496-4174 Montana Bureau of Mines and Little Owl Creek 20 000 METERS Maps may be obtained from http://mbmgsun.mtech.edu Fax: (406) 496-4451 Publications Office 70 000 FEET Tftr

Tflt Kid Creek Tftr Tw Tftr North Fork Rosebud Creek A' Qaf Location Qls Tw CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS Qal A' 2000 1000 Sea Level Mean 1000 2000 Unconformity Unconformity Unconformity Unconformity Unconformity Unconformity Unconformity Qgac Kb Mm Kga Kcl Kjp Kju Kfh Tfle Jm Km Tft Js Kbf Kgr Kca Tw Kn Kl Tftr Ag Dtj Jr Kk Ob Kt Jp 45°00’ 45°30’ Entire Meters Entire Qat map map 108°00’ QTcl Denson, N.M., and Pierson, C.T., 1991 N.H., 1906 Darton, Bergantino, R.N., 1980 Kanizay, S.P., 1987 Agard, S.S., Colton, R.B., and _____, 1989 _____, 1988 Agard, S.S., 1986 and 1980 magnetic declination UTM grid convergence (GN) 1°47' Diagram is approximate at center of map GN Archean Middle Middle Upper Mississippian Pennsylvanian and Lower Middle Upper Jurassic Lower Upper Cretaceous Paleocene Eocene Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene (MN) INDEX OF PREVIOUS GEOLOGIC MAPPING MN 14 1/2° DOtjb KJkm Kbm Kcgr Kga Mm Klfh Tftr Kcl Tflt s Ag Kn Kjr Tw Pcg Mta Je Kt Tertiary Quaternary * Units combined on cross section only Gammon Claggett Shale Ellis Group Kootenai & Morrison Formations* & Fall River Belle Fourche & Mowry * & Greenhorn Formation* Granitic gneiss, hornblende schist, and biotite schist Cambrian sedimentary rocks, undivided Three Forks, Jefferson, and Bighorn Formations* Madison Group, undivided Tensleep & Amsden Formations* Chugwater & Goose Egg Formations* Lance and Fox Hills Formations Lebo & Tullock Members of Tongue River Member of Fort Union Formation Cross Section A–A' Entire map Adjacent 30' x 60' maps Billings rde Birney Bridger Powell and Moulton, G.F., 1935 Thom, W.T., Jr., Hall, G.M., Wegemann, C.H., Summerford, H.E., 1941 and Swenson, F.A., 1960 Moulder, E.A., Klug, M.F., Morris, D.A., Mapel, W.J., 1978 1956, and Richards, P.W., 1955 Knechtel, M.M., and Patterson, S.H., Kanizay, S.P., 1986 Hamilton, L.J., and Paulson, O.F., 1968 Junction Burgess W

Hardin

Lodge

Grass 32

Lame Deer Lame MAP SYMBOLS Sheridan Water arrow on shorter more steeply dipping limb anticlinal flexure; dotted where concealed, Monocline: where concealed and plunge direction where known, dotted Syncline: arrow on more steeply dipping limb axial plane; dotted where concealed, shorter Asymmetric anticline: where concealed and plunge direction where known, dotted Anticline: block Reverse fault: ball on downthrown side located; dotted where concealed, bar and Fault: Strike and dip of inclined beds Contact: dashed where approximately WY MT 107°00’ dotted where concealed showing trace of axial plane showing trace of axial plane showing axial plane trace of open teeth on upthrown showing trace of Qgac QTcl Kga Tfle Qat Qaf Qal Kfh Qls Tftr Kjp Kju Kcl Kn Kb Tw Tft Kl Thickness of formation ranges from 410 to 700 feet. calcareous shale 75 feet above the base of the formation. feet in diameter. Contains a nine-foot-thick bed of light-gray to pale yellowish-brown concretions up to two fissile shale with abundant thin bentonite beds and medium Niobrara Shale Thickness of formation ranges from 325 to 855 feet. of the map area. part in sandy shale the northern Contains a zone of reddish-orange ferruginous concretions to the south and northwest. beds that may be equivalent to the Shannon Sandstone Contains several yellowish-brown, fine-grained sandstone brown , brownish-gray, calcareous silty shale. brown calcareous interbedded with yellowish- Gammon Formation which contain . Thickness of formation 395 feet. yellowish-tan concretions, or orange septarian many of dark-gray fissile or bentonitic shale. Contains distinctive Claggett Shale sandstone. Thickness of member 255 feet. with yellowish-gray silty shale, less abundant than the medium-grained cross-bedded sandstone interbedded Yellowish-gray to brownish-gray and olive-green, fine- to Parkman Sandstone member 200 to 445 feet. of map area.north Thickness of member ranges from some thin, brown sandstone beds. Member pinches out brownish-gray sandy shale and interbedded with Upper member — area. Thickness of formation ranges from 0 to 150 feet. fine-grained sandstone beds. Pinches out to south in map shale interbedded with thin, brownish-gray siltstone and Bearpaw Shale feet. Alluvial fan deposit to 150 feet. hummocky surfaces. Thickness of unit ranges from 100 mass-wasting processes that resulted in irregular or and soil that moved downslope in discrete units through Landslide deposit (Agard, 1989). Thickness as much as 35 feet. sandstone,in descending order and of chert, abundance other mafic volcanic rocks, granitic rocks, quartzite, and boulders of dolomite, andesite and RiverHorn drainage alluvium is mainly pebbles, cobbles, less than six feet above river or stream. Gravel of Big moderately well sorted; includes alluvial terrace deposits and stratified, dominantly clast supported, to poorly active channels of , streams, and tributaries; well Alluvium formation exposed in map area is 395 feet. mapped by Galyardt and Murray (1979). Thickness of than on an adjacent 7.5' quadrangle (Pearl School) contact on this map is in a lower stratigraphic position suite (Denson weathers very light gray. Each has a distinct heavy mineral upper Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation Formation typically weathers light gray to tan, and the Union Formation.Member of the Fort The Wasatch variation than sandstone in the underlying Tongue River Formation is coarser grained and has more grain-size the base of formation. Sandstone of the Wasatch 0.1 to 0.4 m (6-8 in.) thick occurs about 250 feet above associated clinker. A brown-weathering calcareous coquina gray shale, brown carbonaceous shale, , and or cross-bedded sandstone, interbedded with medium- gray siltstone and medium- to coarse-grained, massive Wasatch Formation rock.scoriaceous Thickness of unit as much as 130 feet. and fused to form buchite, a black, glassy, vesicular or rock.red scoriaceous Locally, baked rock was melted baked coal and is dominantly by of underlying burning Lance, Fort Union, and Wasatch formations. Bedrock was shale, siltstone,metamorphosed and sandstone of the pink, gray, orange, black, and yellow resistant, thermally Clinker Thickness ranges 5 to 15 m (Agard, 1989) (16-49 feet). has been dated at about 0.02 Ma and highest at 1.4 Ma. descending order of abundance; lowest terrace deposit granitic rocks,quartzite, in sandstone, and chert, and dolomite, andesite, and other mafic volcanic rocks, composed of rounded to subrounded clasts of limestone River, ranging from 10 to 560 ft above the rivers; gravel Riverrecognized along Big Horn and Little bedding. At least eight, distinct terrace levels are with planar and trough cross moderately well sorted Poorly to moderately well to stratified, and poorly to and higher in elevation than streams modern and rivers. , and clay alluvial underlying terrace surfaces adjacent Alluvial terrace deposit Thickness as much 25 m (Agard, 1988) (82 feet). and to a lesser extent from bedrock sandstone and shale. sorted; derived from higher level alluvial terrace deposits, moderately well to moderately stratified, well and poorly and Pleistocene): Gravel, sand, silt, and clay, to poorly Gravelly sheetwash alluvium and colluvium as 50 feet. Smith;Fort gravel supported. matrix Thickness as much Mountains near ephemeral stream at base of Big Horn stratified, deposited at mouth of sand, and silt, crudely — interbedded with dark hummocky-bedded, resistant sandstone poorly gray siltstone and fine-grained cross-bedded or Fox Hills Sandstone formation ranges from 460 to 525 feet. older usage (e.g., Hall and Howard, 1929). Thickness of probably of the Lennep Sandstone equivalent to part with some associated clinker.part, This basal unit is grained sandstone interbedded with coal in the lower In many areas contains a very light-gray, fine- to medium- more lenticular than those in overlying Tullock Member. Montana.in easternmost Sandstone beds thicker and lenses. Laterally equivalent to the Hell Creek Formation sandstone Contains calcite-cemented concretionary greenish-gray shale, less abundant than the sandstone. massive sandstone. Interbedded with light olive-gray to gray, fine-grained, cross-bedded, lenticular-bedded or Thickness of member ranges from 230 to 395 feet. and persistent than those in Lance underlying Formation. the sandstone). Sandstone beds thinner, more tabular dark-gray carbonaceous shale (much less abundant than massive sandstone. Interbedded with brownish-gray or medium-grained trough cross-bedded, plane-bedded or Tullock Member ranges from 195 to 330 feet. contains ironstone concretions. Thickness of member siltstone, and thin lenticular coal beds. Shale locally with thin, interbedded yellowish-gray sandstone and olive-gray smectitic or carbonaceous shale and silty shale Lebo Member River Member. Thickness of member 650 feet. of silcrete beds occurs locally at the top Tongue 10 coal beds with associated clinker. A prominent zone shale, brownish-gray to yellowish-gray siltstone, and 8 to abundant than the sandstone) and light greenish-gray Interbedded with carbonaceous shale (much less bedded, plane-bedded, or massive sandstone. grayish-yellow, fine- to medium-grained, trough cross- Tongue River Member Geological Survey Open-File 81-870, Report scale 1:24,000. Pearl School quadrangle, County, Big Horn Montana: U.S. Galyardt, G.L., and Murray, F.N., 1979, Geologic map of U.S. Geological Survey Map I-2094-A, scale 1:200,000. : Montana and northeastern Basin, southeastern Wyodak half of the Powder coal bed in the north River showing the thickness of the Anderson- and structure Denson, N.M., and Pierson, C.T., 1991, Geologic map Geological Survey Map I-2019, scale 1:100,000. Rosebud,Horn, and Powder River counties, Montana: U.S. in Tertiary rocks 30' x 60' quadrangle, of the Birney Big M.E., 1990, Geologic map and distribution of heavy minerals Denson, N.M., Macke, D.L., Schumann, R.R., and Durrett, 58, scale 1:250,000. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 51, 128 p., pl. Mountains: N.H., 1906, Geology of the Bighorn Darton, 1:250,000. of Mines and Geology Geologic Atlas Map MA-2, scale 2° quadrangle,Montana: southeastern Montana Bureau Bergantino, R.N., 1980, Geologic map of the Hardin 1° x 1:100,000. and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Map MF-1928, scale deposits in the Lodge Grass 30' x 60' quadrangle, Montana Agard, S.S., Colton, R.B., and Kanizay, S.P., 1987, Landslide Geological Survey Map MF-2094, scale 1:100,000. Tertiary terraces of the lower River, Bighorn Montana: U.S. Agard, S.S.,and Late 1989, Map showing Quaternary Geological Survey Map MF-2039, scale 1:24,000. Dam quadrangle,County, Big Horn Montana: U.S. Agard, S.S., 1988, geologic Preliminary map of the Yellowtail Geological Survey Map MF-1884, scale 1:24,000. Point quadrangle,County, Big Horn Montana: U.S. Agard, S.S., geologic map 1986, of Preliminary the Peyote JUDITH RIVER FORMATION FORT UNION FORMATION (Holocene, Pleistocene, and Pliocene): Red, (Holocene): Gravel, sand, silt, and clay along (Paleocene): Medium-gray, dark-gray, and et al (Upper Cretaceous): brownish-grayDark (Upper Cretaceous): Dark-gray fissile (Upper Cretaceous): Brownish-gray and (Upper Cretaceous) (Paleocene): Yellowish-gray, fine- to (Upper Cretaceous): Light brownish- ., 1990). Following the these criteria, (Holocene and Pleistocene): Rock gray sha (Holocene and Pleistocene): Gravel, (Eocene): Yellowish-gray to light- (Upper Cretaceous): Yellowish- (Upper Cretaceous): Brownish- (Paleocene): Yellowish-gray to (Pleistocene): Gravel, sand, le. Thickness of formation 100 — (Upper Cretaceous): — : Greenish-gray to DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS (Holocene REFERENCES MONTANA BUREAU OF MINES AND GEOLOGY A Department of Montana A Department Tech of The University of Montana Bulletin 856, 200 p., pl. 1, scale 1:190,080. Montana:Indian Reservation, U.S. Geological Survey G.F., County and the Crow 1935, Geology of Big Horn Thom, W.T., Jr., Hall, G.M., Wegemann, C.H., and Moulton, of Iowa. 57 p., pl. VIII, scale 1:42,240. Xavier quadrangle, Montana: M.S. thesis, State University of the St. Summerford, H.E., 1941, Geology of a portion 1:62,500. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1026, 93 p., pl. 1, scale Richards, P.W., 1955, Geology of the CanyonBighorn area: 1–4, scale 1:62,500. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1487, 223 p., pls. RiverLittle Bighorn valley, County,Big Horn Montana: U.S. 1960, Geology and ground-water resources of the lower Moulder, E.A., Klug, M.F., Morris, D.A., and Swenson, F.A., 78-998, scale 1:62,500. Survey Open-File Report County, Reserve area, Big Horn Montana: U.S. Geological Mapel, W.J., geological 1978, map Preliminary of the Crow 1023., 116 p., pls. 1 and 2, scale 1:62,500. Montana and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin Cretaceous formations,deposits in marine Hardin district, Knechtel, M.M., and Patterson, S.H., 1956, Bentonite 1:50,000. and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Map MF-1822, scale PowderGrass area, northwestern River Basin, Montana Kanizay, S.P., 1986, geologic Preliminary map of the Lodge scale 1:250,000. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1876, 39 p., pl. 1, ground-water resources of the lowerRiver: Bighorn U.S. Hamilton, L.J., and Paulson, O.F., 1968, Geology and Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 599, 118 p. Yellowstone and Treasure counties, Montana: U.S. Hall, G.M., and Howard, C.S., 1929, Ground water in Kca Mm Kgr Km Kbf Ob Jm Ag Dtj Kk Jp Js Kt Jr Contains mafic dikes and quartz veins.Contains mafic dikes and quartz and aplite.gneiss, schist, quartzite, biotite-hornblende red granitic gneiss, medium dark-gray, quartzofeldspathic Granitic gneiss and schist of unit ranges from 705 to 804 feet. Park, and Pilgrim formations to the northwest. Thickness formations to the south, or the Flathead, Wolsey, Meagher, Equivalent to the Flathead, Gros Ventre, and Gallatin a basal reddish-brown, coarse-grained sandstone bed. fissile, with calcareous silty or sandy shale in lower part pebble conglomerate in upper part. Gray to grayish-green mud-cracked shale, and intraformational limestone flat- thin-bedded, limestone interbedded with grayish-green Sedimentary rocks, undivided formation ranges from 394 to 492 feet. massivebedded, lower and resistant. part Thickness of limestone. locally. Contains chert dolomite and dolomitic pale-orangeto very micritic Bighorn Dolomite Combined thickness of formations 198 feet. granulardolomitic, limestone with fetid partly odor. in map area. Jefferson Formation: brownish-gray, dark gray shale, siltstone, and sandstone. Locally not present to shaly limestone and dolomite interbedded with greenish- light gray to brownish-gray thin- to medium-bedded, silty undivided Three Forks Formation and Jefferson Formation, top. Thickness of group 656 feet. with shale from the overlying Amsden Formation at the breccia in middle, and karst surface with sink holes infilled limestone and dolomitic limestone. Contains solution to coarse-grained,stromatolites), micritic resistant fossiliferous (mainly crinoids, brachiopods, corals, and gray to light brownish-gray, thick-bedded to massive, Madison Group, undivided of formation 262 feet. contains chert. Red shale and siltstone at base. Thickness very light-gray to gray limestone and dolomite that locally brown shale, siltstone, and sandstone interbedded with Mississippian): green, or light- Light-red to red, purple, Amsden Formation Thickness of formation 98 feet. dolomite, or silty shale.limestone beds, nodular chert, to-tightly cemented sandstone. Contains some thin grained, well-rounded, well-sorted, cross-bedded, porous- to light yellowish-brown, fine-grained very to medium- Tensleep Formation 150 m (Agard, 1986, 1988) (492 feet). Occurs only locally. Combined thickness of formations interbedded with red, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. light-grayvery gypsum or pink, finely crystalline 115 feet below the top. Goose resistant ledge five feet thick, of light-gray limestone about and very fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. Prominent cross-bedded, calcareous or gypsiferous, fine-grained red reddish-brown,to dark generally thin-bedded, locally Formation lower part. Thickness of formation 131 feet. red claystone, siltstone, and medium-gray limestone in massive white gypsum interbedded with some brownish- red claystone by with lenses of white gypsum underlain claystone and white gypsum in middle part. Dark brownish- and white dolomitic limestone interbedded with red lavendar chalcedony nodules. Medium-gray limestone Contains a white dolomitic limestone bed and gray-to- interbedded with brownish-red siltstone in upper part. claystone with scattered streaks of green claystone Piper Formation 180 feet. oyster shells in lower part. Thickness of formation light-brown calcareous shale that contains abundant at top that forms a resistant ridge. Greenish-gray to light yellowish-gray, fine-grained calcareous sandstone limestone, brownish-gray, Rierdon Formation large fossil oyster shells. Thickness of formation 115 feet. higher in the member. Contains numerous base and one or more similar thin glauconitic resistant, glauconitic, fossiliferous sandstone at the lower part. Greenish-gray to yellowish-gray, poorly moderately resistant, greenish-gray claystone in the resistant claystone interbedded with silty to sandy limestone coquina at the top. Medium-gray poorly sandy pelecypods and belemnites) sandstone or very or cross-bedded, glauconitic, fossiliferous (mainly yel ELLIS GROUP (Lower Cretaceous): Shale:Thermopolis dark- (Upper Devonian): Three Forks Formation: (Permian) (Upper Cretaceous): Very dark-gray to dark (Upper Cretaceous): Light-gray to medium- (Middle Jurassic): Brownish-red — (Upper Jurassic): Greenish-gray to (Middle Ordovician): Very light-gray (Middle Jurassic): Light-gray , undivided (Lower Pennsylvanian and Upper (Lower Cretaceous): Reddish- (Pennsylvanian): Very light-brown (Upper Jurassic): Greenish-gray (Upper Cretaceous): Dark-gray Contains abundant fish scales on (Upper Cretaceous): bluish-Dark (Lower Triassic) and sandy oolitic limestone, and (Middle Mississippian): Light- (Archean): Pale- to moderate- locally present at the top is Egg Formation: light-gray, (Middle Cambrian): Gray, : Chugwater Formation: Upper part thin to thick Upper part Goose Egg

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