Chapter 15 Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units, Southwestern Wyoming Province, Volume Title Page Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

By Mark A. Kirschbaum and Laura N.R. Roberts

Chapter 15 of Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah By USGS Southwestern Wyoming Province Assessment Team

U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS–69–D

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado: Version 1, 2005

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Manuscript approved for publication May 10, 2005

ISBN= 0-607-99027-9 Contents

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………………… 1 Depositional Environments …………………………………………………………………… 9 Marine …………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Shoreface and Deltaic Deposits ………………………………………………………… 9 Continental (Coastal Plain/Estuarine) …………………………………………………… 9 Stratigraphy ………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Dakota Sandstone and Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) ………………………… 9 Thermopolis Shale (Lower Cretaceous) ………………………………………………… 10 Shell Creek Shale (Lower Cretaceous) ………………………………………………… 10 Mowry Shale (Upper Cretaceous) ……………………………………………………… 10 Frontier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) ………………………………………………… 11 Hilliard, Baxter, Mancos, Steele and Cody Shales (Upper Cretaceous) ………………… 13 Isopach Map of the Frontier Formation ……………………………………………………… 13 Structure Contour Map on Top of the Frontier Formation …………………………………… 13 References …………………………………………………………………………………… 16

Plates

1. Stratigraphic cross section A–A’ located on the Moxa arch ……………………………… 18 Plate figure 1-1. Graphic log of USGS core E244 of the Frontier Formation ……………… 19 Plate figure 1-2. Graphic log of USGS core B275 of the Frontier Formation. …………… 20 2. Stratigraphic cross section B–B’ oriented northwest to southeast from the Moxa arch to the Rock Springs uplift. ………………………………………………………………… 21 Plate figure 2–1. Graphic log of USGS core E540 of the Frontier Formation ……………… 22 Plate figure 2–2. Graphic log of USGS core D121 of the Frontier Formation …………… 23 Plate figure 2–3. Graphic log of USGS core D122 of the Frontier Formation …………… 24 Plate figure 2–4. Graphic log of USGS core E452 of the Frontier Formation ……………… 25 Plate figure 2–5. Graphic log of USGS core D131 of the Frontier Formation …………… 26 Plate figure 2–6. Graphic log of USGS core D707 of the Frontier Formation …………… 27 Plate figure 2–7. Graphic log of USGS core D305 of the Frontier Formation …………… 28 3. Stratigraphic cross section C–C’ oriented south to north along the crest of the Rock Springs uplift. ……………………………………………………………………………… 29 Plate figure 3–1. Graphic log of USGS core B326 of the Frontier Formation …………… 30 4. Stratigraphic cross section D–D’ oriented northwest to southeast then south in the Muddy Gap area in the northeastern part of the province ………………………………………… 31

III Figures

1. Index map showing lines of cross sections, data points used in database, locations of reconnaissance outcrop sections, and major structural elements within the Southwestern Wyoming Province ………………………………………………………… 2 2. Columnar sections of the Mowry Composite Total Petroleum System for three locations within the Southwestern Wyoming Province and one for the Wyoming thrust belt located west of the province ………………………………………………………… 8 3. Isopach map of the Frontier Formation (exclusive of the first Frontier sandstone) in the Southwestern Wyoming Province ………………………………………………………… 12 4. Index map of the Southwestern Wyoming Province showing location of data points in stratigraphic database (table 1) used in construction of isopach map (fig. 3) ……………… 14 5. Structure contour map on top of the Frontier Formation (exclusive of the first Frontier sandstone) in the Southwestern Wyoming Province ……………………………………… 15

Table

1. Well data showing depths to selected stratigraphic horizons within the Thermopolis Shale, Mowry Shale, and Frontier Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming ……………………… 3

IV Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units, Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

By Mark A. Kirschbaum and Laura N.R. Roberts

Abstract tier Formation, interpret basic depositional environments, and A stratigraphic framework of source and reservoir rocks in calibrate rock types with geophysical logs. Core descriptions by the Mowry Composite Total Petroleum System was developed Stands (1999) and interpretations by Hamlin (1996) also were to support the characterization and assessment of oil and gas used to help map units and to determine their depositional envi- resources in the total petroleum system in the Southwestern ronments. Reconnaissance observation of three outcrop sec- Wyoming Province of Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. The tions were made at Muddy Gap and Blazon Gap in Wyoming Mowry Composite Total Petroleum System includes the Lower and south of the town of Manila near Flaming Gorge in Utah Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone, Cloverly Formation, Thermopo- (fig. 1). At Muddy Gap, interpretations of sedimentary struc- lis Shale, and Shell Creek Shale, and the Upper Cretaceous tures were added to a section measured by Mieras (1993) and Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation. Four regional strati- incorporated into cross section D–D’ (pl. 4). graphic cross sections were constructed to show the subsurface Stratigraphic units were defined and mapped using geo- distribution and correlation of these formations in various parts physical logs in the subsurface, published subsurface cross sec- of the province, as well as the different facies represented. tions, and observed surface sections. Key stratigraphic studies Detailed lithologic descriptions were obtained from cored include Merewether (1983), Hamlin (1996), and Stands (1999) intervals in a few wells, and surface sections at three widely for the Frontier Formation and Ryer and others (1987) for the separated localities provided key information on formation ages Lower Cretaceous Dakota Sandstone. Comprehensive studies and stratigraphic relations. Isopach and structure contour maps by private companies on the Dakota and the Frontier have not of the Frontier Formation were also prepared to show the three- been publicly released; however, some correlations and strati- dimensional distribution of the units within the province. graphic terminology from those reports have been incorporated into some publications (for example, Miller and others, 1992) and are noted on the cross sections (pls. 1–4). In addition to the Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation, other units were cor- Introduction related in less detail, including the Dakota Sandstone, Cloverly Formation, Thermopolis Shale including the Muddy Sandstone The purpose of this study was to illustrate the stratigraphic Member, and Shell Creek Shale, all of Early Cretaceous age, framework of source and reservoir rocks of the Mowry Total and the first Frontier sandstone, and the lower part of the marine Petroleum System in support of the characterization and assess- shale facies equivalent to the Hilliard, Baxter, Steele, and Cody ment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the Southwestern Shales, which are of Late Cretaceous age (see fig. 2). Wyoming Province (Kirschbaum and Roberts, Chapter 5, this CD–ROM). The study consists of four regional stratigraphic cross sections (fig. 1; pls. 1–4), 10 core descriptions of the Frontier Formation, an isopach map of members of the Frontier Acknowledgments Formation, a structure contour map on top of the Frontier, and a database of records for depths to the base and top of the Mowry Discussions with Jeff May, Ira Pasternack, Donna Ander- Shale and to the tops of the members of the Frontier Formation son, Peter McCabe, and Al Merewether improved our under- as interpreted from 156 drill holes (table 1). standing of the stratigraphy. Thorough reviews by Tom Finn, The main focus of the study was the Upper Cretaceous Ron Johnson, and Dick Keefer greatly improved the report. We Mowry Shale and Frontier Formation, exclusive of the first are also grateful to Chris French and Steve Cazenave for their Frontier sandstone. The cores were chosen to investigate as diligence in tracing the geophysical logs used in the cross sec- many different stratigraphic intervals as possible in the Fron- tions. 1 2 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

111 107 ° 110° 109° 108° ° Jackson

191 T 40 N EXPLANATION 287 Wells in database (table 1) 

t

s

u Wells in database used in cross r A-1

h sections t

t  c e Southwestern Wells in cross section with core p B-1 s descriptions (black dot in center o 43 r Hoback Wyoming Province ° T 35 N P denotes in database) W Basin in Reconnaissance outcrops sections d R iv R115W e Southwestern Wyoming Province r r e M

v i R 105 W o R u n Outcrop of Mowry Total Petroleum ta n i System units e n e s T 30 N  r  G 287 La Barge Muddy D-1 D-2 Gap  area  R 110 W R 105 W R 100 W R 95 W   D-3 t  l  D-4 R 85 W e    b 

t B

t D s  s   

u  u  r  C-18 r D-5 B-1     h h B-7 B-8 G t t  C' D-6 T 25 N  B-9 r k    e  g T 25 N T 25 N

c D-7 A-17   C-17 a n a t  i 191 b A-16   D-8 D-9 s C-16 m   D g  42 o A'    i ° o   B-10  v y A-15   i H C-15  d

W     C-14 e D' Rawlins    B-11   A-14 C-13  uplift      B n  Blazon i  C-12 a

 s s  A-13 i

a B-13 n Gap  C-11  B     W Rawlins T 20 N   T 20 N ams   B-12 utter T 20 N    A-12 C-10, B-14    arc     B-15 80   h  A-11       Frewans deep   C-9 Trowbridge A-8,9,10 B'  A-7  r     Echo Springs e   C-8  v  i deep R    C-7  in A-6 s  Evanston 80 a B  n  C-6 A-5  T 15 N T 15 N  T 15 N e e e 191 C-5 i

r  k Flaming    a  G  h A-4 Gorge C-4 s  a  A-3 Reservoir C-3 W A-2  WYOMING   R 110 W  R 105 W R 85 W R117W   C-2 R 100 W R 95 W R 90 W 41°     T 3 N  A-1     Cherokee ridge C-1  Sand A R 20 E C W R 10 E T 1 N T 10 N ash  T 10 N Manila area Basin

Uinta Mountains

 Craig Y er   am iv pa R

Vernal 40 T 5 N  r 40 Rive    

n 40 e ° e r T 1 S G Miles

0 10 20

Glenwood Springs R 83 W UTAH COLORADO 70

Figure 1. Index map showing lines of cross sections, data points used in database, locations of reconnaissance outcrop sections, and major structural elements within the Southwestern Wyoming Province. The wells used in cross section A–A’ (pl. 1) generally define the location of the Moxa arch, and cross section C–C’ (pl. 3) generally shows the location of the Rock Springs uplift. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 3 - FT 80 83 94 80 70 440 760 175 540 540 780 470 545 560 100 165 474 410 185 460 306 318 466 527 461 131 2,560 3,081 DW 3,895 3,194 8,237 7,890 8,980 7,470 7,120 7,005 6,690 6,860 7,294 7,457 14,520 14,170 15,050 13,650 12,895 15,300 14,840 12,240 11,530 14,325 11,970 13,904 13,092 10,556 10,705 13,014 12,920 12,069 OE 4,250 4,010 8,428 7,980 9,255 7,590 7,250 7,110 6,800 6,920 7,420 7,586 14,640 14,505 15,100 13,770 12,980 15,360 14,898 12,305 11,620 14,390 12,120 13,950 13,120 10,617 10,812 13,124 12,967 12,164 AH 4,350 4,258 8,550 8,030 9,300 7,680 7,290 7,225 6,830 6,965 7,446 7,635 14,750 14,600 15,110 13,910 13,120 15,380 14,940 12,405 11,710 14,408 12,155 13,998 13,172 10,745 10,877 13,190 12,990 12,200 CC 4,750 4,500 8,550 8,030 9,300 7,680 7,290 7,225 6,830 6,965 7,446 7,635 14,815 14,600 15,110 13,910 13,120 15,380 14,940 12,405 11,710 14,408 12,155 13,998 13,172 10,745 10,877 13,190 12,990 12,200 BF 5,725 5,530 8,340 9,465 7,770 7,560 7,330 7,010 7,060 7,676 7,772 14,860 14,758 15,110 14,150 13,330 15,380 14,940 12,405 11,885 14,408 12,155 13,998 13,172 10,845 10,980 13,450 12,990 12,200 MU 6,455 6,275 8,430 9,760 8,015 7,680 7,479 7,150 7,760 7,918 14,960 14,930 15,225 14,190 13,365 15,380 14,940 12,405 11,940 14,408 12,155 13,998 13,172 10,862 11,023 13,541 12,990 12,200 ML 6,610 6,440 1,587 8,528 9,930 8,205 7,840 7,650 7,290 7,926 8,075 15,175 15,325 13,495 15,450 14,940 12,615 12,065 14,408 12,355 13,998 13,172 10,982 11,147 13,675 12,990 12,255 SH 6,808 8,858 8,462 8,078 7,915 7,540 8,183 8,328 15,532 15,353 15,570 10,180 13,875 15,758 15,175 12,900 12,412 14,662 12,658 14,239 13,418 11,310 11,458 13,892 13,211 12,535 TM 9,200 8,625 8,218 7,730 8,358 8,500 15,635 15,570 15,605 10,382 14,070 15,800 15,190 12,995 12,610 14,690 12,753 14,269 13,440 11,460 11,590 14,046 13,243 12,599 KB KB GR KB GR KB KB KB GR GR KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB GR KB GR KB GR KB KB KB KB KB KB KB ELEV 6,646 7,056 7,000 6,753 9,736 9,276 7,343 8,297 9,213 7,278 9,492 7,815 7,946 8,892 6,608 7,206 6,853 8,420 6,666 8,140 7,030 6,588 7,286 6,724 6,543 6,949 6,936 9,045 7,269 6,689 UT WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY State 14E 117W 116W 116W 113W 115W 116W 115W 114W 114W 114W 115W 113W 113W 114W 113W 114W 114W 114W 114W 113W 112W 113W 112W 112W 112W 112W 112W 113W 113W Range w Shale Member of the Frontier; OE, combined tops Oyster Ridge Sandstone and Emigrant Gap Members, includes 3N 18N 22N 19N 39N 28N 12N 22N 30N 27N 22N 12N 29N 28N 20N 26N 23N 12N 20N 12N 27N 27N 13N 23N 22N 26N 30N 26N 14N 17N Township 8 3 8 6 7 9 15 34 11 30 26 13 35 33 16 17 22 19 18 24 33 36 22 23 14 32 23 22 22 12 Section Well name Well 33-24 CPC Whitney Creek 34-15 CPC Whitney Gary Huckabay 34-15 Champlin 406 Amoco-A Granite Ck 1-30 Williams 1-26 Dome Fogarty TPI 1 Texaco Natural Gas Federal 31-35A Ridge Quasar Riley Amer. Exxon Graphite 1 American Quasar Sun Fed 1 Graham A-2 Anadarko Mobil TR2 57-19GT Top Mobil Tip A 9 Phillips Fork Champlin 262 Amoco B Enron 13-8A 1 Exxon Graham Reservoir Fed 2 Sun (Oryx) Luckey Champlin 262 Amoco C1 Ranch 33-3 Diamond Taylor California Birch Creek 1 55-32 Enron East Labarge Henry 11 Forest CNG Graham 2-6 Amoco Shute Creek 8 Stead 12-9 Enron West Guio 23-1 Woods 22-22B Natural Gas Fontenelle Butcher Knife 6 Wexpro Celsius Thompson 12-1 API number 49041207120000 49023206100000 49023203550000 49039200180000 49035205070000 49041208140000 49023204670000 49035206730000 49035205540000 49023201250000 49041207720000 49035206180000 49035057950000 43043203030000 49023204140000 49023206930001 49023206240000 49041207240001 49023204150000 49041207600000 49035054500000 49035211860000 49041206150000 49023207260000 49023204240000 49023206330000 49035205280000 49023204680000 49041201720000 49041207190000 Well data showing depths to selected stratigraphic horizons within the Thermopolis Shale, Mowry Shale, and Frontier Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Map no. [ELEV, elevation of Kelly bushing (KB), ground level (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above mean sea level. Values in all but the last column are depths, in feet; last column is thickness, in feet. Abbreviations the last column are depths, in feet; is thickness, feet. Abbreviations in all but Values mean sea level. (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above (KB), ground level bushing of Kelly elevation [ELEV, Shale on pls. 1–4); MU, top of the Mowry Shale ( blue interval Mowry Sandstone; SH, top of the Shell Creek Shale; ML, lower used: TM, top of the Thermopolis Shale or in some cases Dakota part of the Chalk Creek in thrust belt (base Stands, 1999, sequence boundary); includes the lower most of the area but Member over top of the Belle Fourche on pls. 1–4); BF, (purple interval CC, top of the Chalk Creek Member Frontier; AH, Allen Hollo Fron FT, Creek Members of the Frontier Formation; and Wall combined tops of the Dry Hollow Basin; DW, Member of the Frontier in Washakie sandstones associated with the Dry Hollow shoreface any 5.] in figure to top of MU. Blank cells indicate no data. Locations data points are shown tier thickness from top of DW Table 1. 1. Table Province, and thicknesses (column FT) of the Frontier Formation. 4 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah - FT 92 85 128 140 314 410 330 112 117 148 310 155 144 255 287 393 250 258 230 413 310 256 174 190 230 250 130 270 230 265 1,097 DW 8,535 9,681 8,990 2,590 9,268 9,952 11,440 11,133 12,628 14,235 11,180 10,570 12,280 11,323 11,270 11,660 11,756 10,525 10,370 10,770 14,220 14,455 15,040 15,910 15,019 16,806 15,730 15,660 16,040 15,450 16,240 14,680 14,415 OE 8,630 9,777 9,090 3,285 9,362 11,500 11,170 12,670 14,303 11,280 10,660 12,350 11,410 11,340 11,782 11,860 10,590 10,450 10,110 10,835 14,308 14,530 15,208 15,998 15,096 16,889 15,808 15,770 16,083 15,530 16,332 14,740 14,460 AH 8,712 9,852 9,175 3,350 9,438 11,530 11,239 12,720 14,320 11,335 10,725 12,392 11,440 11,418 11,815 11,900 10,670 10,510 10,180 10,900 14,395 14,570 15,270 16,070 15,155 16,955 15,825 15,789 16,135 15,580 16,374 14,790 14,510 CC 9,852 9,175 3,440 9,438 11,530 11,239 12,720 14,320 11,335 10,725 12,392 11,440 11,418 11,815 11,900 10,670 10,510 10,180 10,900 14,395 14,570 15,270 16,070 15,155 16,955 15,825 15,789 16,135 15,580 16,374 14,790 14,510 BF 9,955 9,265 3,490 9,529 11,530 11,273 12,720 14,320 11,530 10,810 12,392 11,440 11,418 11,815 11,900 10,690 10,510 10,230 10,965 14,395 14,620 15,330 16,070 15,155 16,955 15,825 15,789 16,135 15,580 16,374 14,790 14,510 MU 9,995 3,687 9,578 11,568 11,273 12,720 14,320 11,590 10,900 12,392 11,440 11,418 11,815 11,900 10,780 10,657 10,345 11,020 14,478 14,685 15,453 16,220 15,275 16,980 15,920 15,890 16,290 15,580 16,510 14,910 14,680 ML 3,823 9,693 11,650 11,393 12,720 14,385 10,119 11,740 10,975 12,392 11,523 11,480 11,900 11,978 10,865 10,765 10,445 11,120 14,564 14,770 15,549 16,293 15,346 17,040 15,980 15,954 16,348 15,680 16,575 14,980 14,750 SH 4,120 12,090 11,736 12,960 14,520 10,442 11,985 11,265 12,641 11,818 11,930 10,017 12,210 12,260 11,147 11,010 10,716 11,365 14,818 15,811 16,552 15,603 17,170 16,152 16,103 16,600 15,800 16,776 15,158 14,920 TM 4,300 12,170 11,870 13,000 14,570 10,584 12,100 11,415 12,685 11,895 12,000 10,140 12,300 12,323 11,280 11,148 10,874 11,480 14,965 15,915 16,648 15,686 17,198 16,190 16,150 16,668 15,830 16,831 15,195 14,960 KB KB KB GR KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB GR KB KB KB KB GR GR KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB ELEV 6,680 6,671 6,910 7,020 7,319 6,685 6,777 6,564 6,989 7,091 7,641 6,298 6,442 6,885 6,433 6,389 6,458 6,406 6,688 6,396 6,437 6,394 6,900 6,737 6,524 6,254 6,616 6,801 6,737 7,026 6,724 7,368 7,570 WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY State 113W 112W 113W 112W 112W 112W 111W 112W 111W 112W 110W 112W 112W 111W 112W 112W 111W 110W 110W 110W 109W 109W 108W 107W 108W 108W 108W 107W 106W 107W 107W 106W 105W Range w Shale Member of the Frontier; OE, combined tops Oyster Ridge Sandstone and Emigrant Gap Members, includes 20N 21N 15N 25N 12N 24N 28N 23N 25N 16N 37N 19N 20N 25N 20N 18N 23N 23N 25N 23N 23N 23N 25N 25N 23N 14N 17N 17N 22N 12N 19N 19N 19N Township 6 2 6 9 4 5 3 2 25 21 11 11 12 17 36 17 21 27 35 14 25 13 27 16 28 17 30 14 20 26 30 28 19 Section Well name Well Amoco Whiskey Buttes 48 Amoco Whiskey Champlin CPC 24-11 Fed 43-11 Pacfic 1 Sun Wadsworth NW Exploration Fontenelle USA & Reardon 17-1 Woods 16 Hollow Amoco Cow 3-17 Terra Unit 31 Wexpro 32-27 Forks HPC Inc New Amoco 149 F1 Mile #13 C&K Seven Fed 23-14 Energetics Amoco 326 D2 Amoco 206 C2 22-27 Presido Haven East Storm Shelter 1 Davis 44-9 Energetics Horseshoe 31-16 Washington 32-4 Energy Washington Buckhorn 1 Davis Hunter Faraway Amer. American Enterprise 1A Kansas Sandy Bend 1 Current Ck Brown Massacre Hills 3-26 Huskey Massacre Hills 11-5 Huskey Blue Rim Energy 1-3 Oil Gov Forest 1 Dagger Unit Davis Fed 1 Poitevent Davis Union Oil White Mtn 1-C-19 Amoco Wilson Ranch 1 Amoco Wilson API number 49023200440000 49023207320000 49041201710000 49023202760000 49041207820000 49023202780000 49035205780000 49023208050000 49023206680000 49037222680000 49035209170000 49037219330000 49037217810000 49037213310000 49037227530000 49037227480000 49037231530000 49037215150000 49037218050000 49037231790000 49037226880000 49037208070000 49037219270000 49037219540000 49037206500000 49037205590100 49037210660000 49037210920000 49037220590000 49037201570000 49037219580000 49037211280000 49037202850000 Well data showing depths to selected stratigraphic horizons within the Thermopolis Shale, Mowry Shale, and Frontier Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Map no. [ELEV, elevation of Kelly bushing (KB), ground level (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above mean sea level. Values in all but the last column are depths, in feet; last column is thickness, in feet. Abbreviations the last column are depths, in feet; is thickness, feet. Abbreviations in all but Values mean sea level. (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above (KB), ground level bushing of Kelly elevation [ELEV, Shale on pls. 1–4); MU, top of the Mowry Shale ( blue interval Mowry Sandstone; SH, top of the Shell Creek Shale; ML, lower used: TM, top of the Thermopolis Shale or in some cases Dakota part of the Chalk Creek in thrust belt (base Stands, 1999, sequence boundary); includes the lower most of the area but Member over top of the Belle Fourche on pls. 1–4); BF, (purple interval CC, top of the Chalk Creek Member Frontier; AH, Allen Hollo Fron FT, Creek Members of the Frontier Formation; and Wall combined tops of the Dry Hollow Basin; DW, Member of the Frontier in Washakie sandstones associated with the Dry Hollow shoreface any 5.] in figure to top of MU. Blank cells indicate no data. Locations data points are shown tier thickness from top of DW Table 1. 1. Table Province, and thicknesses (column FT) of the Frontier Formation.—Continued Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 5 - FT 259 150 212 185 203 208 165 286 337 362 376 195 306 374 200 413 302 209 214 341 235 371 327 224 400 303 DW 7,840 6,538 7,790 5,392 5,131 4,344 5,788 8,572 6,758 6,815 4,291 5,935 7,732 6,470 2,490 7,435 6,430 6,940 7,210 2,390 9,395 3,628 9,032 3,092 6,145 3,075 4,728 2,857 12,896 10,595 11,260 13,777 OE 7,900 6,615 7,870 5,517 5,226 4,440 5,878 8,667 6,874 6,940 4,365 6,030 7,822 6,575 2,600 7,550 6,532 7,050 7,330 2,468 9,486 3,700 9,084 3,165 6,250 3,168 4,795 2,932 12,960 10,690 11,359 13,871 AH 7,990 6,650 7,920 5,583 5,241 4,455 5,930 8,720 6,904 7,010 4,406 6,070 7,874 6,620 2,690 7,590 6,575 7,090 7,370 2,495 9,550 3,729 9,126 3,197 6,290 3,209 4,860 2,960 13,017 10,760 11,418 13,925 CC 7,990 6,650 7,920 5,583 5,241 4,455 5,930 8,720 6,904 7,010 4,406 6,070 7,874 6,620 2,690 7,590 6,575 7,090 7,370 2,495 9,550 3,729 9,126 3,197 6,290 3,209 4,860 2,960 13,017 10,760 11,418 13,925 BF 7,990 6,650 7,920 5,583 5,241 4,455 5,930 8,735 6,904 7,010 4,406 6,090 7,892 6,630 2,690 7,600 6,595 7,110 7,390 2,495 9,550 3,729 9,140 3,197 6,290 3,209 4,860 2,960 13,017 10,760 11,448 13,925 MU 7,990 6,750 7,975 5,595 5,339 4,630 6,125 8,934 7,134 7,010 4,597 8,106 2,690 2,692 9,604 3,842 9,373 3,327 6,516 3,402 4,952 3,160 13,155 10,760 11,673 14,177 ML 7,990 6,820 8,035 5,630 5,398 4,695 6,193 9,005 7,200 7,010 4,670 8,177 2,755 2,758 9,661 3,902 9,436 3,395 6,579 3,470 5,025 3,230 13,224 10,760 11,732 14,254 SH 8,190 6,978 8,167 5,738 5,532 4,852 6,379 9,205 7,397 7,200 4,844 8,366 2,915 2,920 9,787 4,029 9,633 3,542 6,757 3,639 5,129 3,385 13,431 10,955 11,949 14,450 TM 7,030 8,202 5,763 5,568 4,896 6,430 9,272 7,435 7,212 4,895 8,428 2,930 2,960 9,806 4,064 9,698 3,592 6,795 3,680 5,160 3,435 13,490 12,025 14,520 KB KB GR KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB ELEV 6,679 6,986 6,523 7,539 6,464 7,632 8,190 6,661 7,114 6,452 7,096 6,990 6,706 7,242 6,967 7,005 7,752 7,289 7,302 7,013 7,298 6,968 6,317 7,566 7,611 7,098 8,307 7,333 6,488 7,181 7,652 6,462 UT UT WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY State 24E 25E 105W 105W 105W 105W 104W 104W 104W 104W 104W 104W 104W 103W 103W 103W 104W 103W 103W 103W 103W 103W 104W 104W 104W 103W 104W 103W 104W 103W 103W 103W Range w Shale Member of the Frontier; OE, combined tops Oyster Ridge Sandstone and Emigrant Gap Members, includes 3N 3N 20N 12N 17N 15N 16N 12N 18N 21N 23N 22N 21N 22N 23N 22N 16N 22N 22N 22N 24N 22N 19N 13N 15N 24N 17N 22N 20N 15N 25N 19N Township 7 4 2 3 7 8 5 2 19 21 11 27 17 17 11 25 30 36 31 31 19 30 18 14 11 32 13 33 13 31 24 16 Section Well name Well H P C Dines 1 Mountain Fuel Rich. Mtn 1 1 Little Miller Canyon Davis Dollar #1 Silver MFS Clay Basin 37-S 10-17 Kappes Canyon Terra Mtn II Marathon Tepee Columbine Grace Fed. 4-1 Depot 4 Yates Fed 1 Winston Texas Amoco 1-25 Luff Artus Sherwin Fed 12-30 Roundhouse 1 Yates Christmann 1-31 Oil Entpr. Pacfic UPRR 3-19 Celsuis Unit 16 2-7 UPRR Iron Duke 43-30 Energetics Federal H-18 Luff 1-8 Aztec Essex 10-5 Terra MFS-Fed 14-2 Wexpro Inc Helmerich & Payne 3-11 Great Western Elf McBride 33-32 UPRR So. Baxter 18 UPRR Leucite Hill 4-33 3 2-14 UPRR Invincible Ensource 2-31 1 Packsaddle Woods Resources Airport 1-16 API number Well data showing depths to selected stratigraphic horizons within the Thermopolis Shale, Mowry Shale, and Frontier Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming 49037209650000 49037064180000 49037207510000 49037211570000 43009300280000 49037224590000 49037207540000 49037220480000 49037235000001 49037214390000 49037209230000 43009300370000 49037238360000 49037214990000 49037226500000 49037225100000 49037223000000 49037232150000 49037215610000 49037226760000 49037228950000 49037224740000 49037215490000 49037219810000 49037214180000 49037211390000 49037232060000 49037225350000 49037232160000 49037223320000 49037214250000 49037220220000 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Map no. [ELEV, elevation of Kelly bushing (KB), ground level (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above mean sea level. Values in all but the last column are depths, in feet; last column is thickness, in feet. Abbreviations the last column are depths, in feet; is thickness, feet. Abbreviations in all but Values mean sea level. (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above (KB), ground level bushing of Kelly elevation [ELEV, Shale on pls. 1–4); MU, top of the Mowry Shale ( blue interval Mowry Sandstone; SH, top of the Shell Creek Shale; ML, lower used: TM, top of the Thermopolis Shale or in some cases Dakota part of the Chalk Creek in thrust belt (base Stands, 1999, sequence boundary); includes the lower most of the area but Member over top of the Belle Fourche on pls. 1–4); BF, (purple interval CC, top of the Chalk Creek Member Frontier; AH, Allen Hollo Fron FT, Creek Members of the Frontier Formation; and Wall combined tops of the Dry Hollow Basin; DW, Member of the Frontier in Washakie sandstones associated with the Dry Hollow shoreface any 5.] in figure to top of MU. Blank cells indicate no data. Locations data points are shown tier thickness from top of DW Table 1. 1. Table Province, and thicknesses (column FT) of the Frontier Formation.—Continued 6 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah - FT 426 233 379 257 423 273 370 391 385 272 375 460 316 360 318 415 187 347 368 340 186 345 358 460 343 196 354 363 917 407 931 225 DW 995 6,961 5,308 6,610 8,345 3,160 5,450 5,070 7,942 6,390 6,348 7,800 6,530 9,078 5,422 13,212 16,951 11,990 13,585 18,390 13,770 14,265 11,312 12,412 10,260 15,550 10,427 13,746 13,484 14,417 18,255 11,495 OE 7,100 5,420 6,695 8,482 3,210 5,550 5,130 8,058 6,495 6,444 7,870 6,584 9,140 1,290 5,660 13,310 17,007 12,080 13,660 18,530 13,840 14,326 11,447 12,463 10,343 15,650 10,530 13,806 13,564 14,467 18,300 11,515 AH 7,150 5,460 6,772 8,520 3,242 5,600 5,170 8,137 6,525 6,480 7,898 6,617 9,188 1,360 5,760 13,400 17,027 12,150 13,708 18,562 13,880 14,438 11,532 12,588 10,367 15,695 10,530 13,932 13,680 14,500 18,348 11,565 CC 7,150 5,460 6,772 8,520 3,242 5,600 5,170 8,137 6,525 6,480 7,898 6,617 9,188 1,360 5,760 13,400 17,027 12,150 13,708 18,562 13,880 14,438 11,532 12,588 10,367 15,695 10,530 13,932 13,680 14,500 18,348 11,565 BF 7,150 5,460 6,772 8,520 3,242 5,600 5,170 8,137 6,525 6,480 7,920 6,617 9,210 1,360 5,760 13,400 17,027 12,170 13,720 18,562 13,890 14,438 11,532 12,588 10,367 15,695 10,530 13,932 13,680 14,500 18,348 11,565 MU 7,387 5,687 6,867 8,768 3,433 5,820 5,342 8,258 6,750 6,666 8,147 6,870 9,436 1,912 6,353 13,445 17,342 12,375 13,960 18,850 14,185 14,452 11,680 12,598 10,605 16,010 10,770 13,942 13,838 14,780 18,662 11,720 ML 7,478 5,750 6,928 8,830 3,500 5,880 5,405 8,324 6,813 6,733 8,200 6,930 9,505 2,003 6,470 13,508 17,425 12,450 14,033 18,949 14,258 14,512 11,737 12,662 10,660 16,083 10,830 14,000 13,895 14,850 18,725 11,765 SH 7,646 5,910 7,028 9,012 3,654 6,041 5,545 8,438 6,966 6,874 8,350 7,020 9,647 2,113 6,650 13,610 17,623 12,630 14,220 19,143 14,425 14,614 11,850 12,788 10,805 16,246 10,965 14,109 14,007 14,988 18,842 11,850 TM 7,692 5,944 7,063 9,062 3,695 6,078 5,580 8,455 6,995 6,896 8,373 7,115 9,669 2,203 6,745 13,633 17,696 12,699 14,283 19,222 14,487 11,874 10,822 16,310 10,995 18,844 KB KB GR KB GR KB KB KB KB KB KB KB GR GR KB KB GR GR KB KB GR KB KB KB KB KB KB GR KB KB KB KB ELEV 7,271 9,390 7,178 7,775 7,057 6,552 6,789 7,346 7,528 7,257 7,610 7,543 7,413 6,959 6,872 7,544 7,284 6,761 7,665 6,877 7,012 7,121 7,018 7,059 6,841 6,444 7,295 6,822 7,053 6,937 8,074 6,658 CO CO CO CO WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY State 99W 97W 95W 95W 93W 94W 103W 103W 103W 103W 102W 103W 102W 102W 102W 102W 102W 101W 102W 102W 102W 101W 102W 101W 101W 101W 101W 101W 101W 100W 100W 100W Range w Shale Member of the Frontier; OE, combined tops Oyster Ridge Sandstone and Emigrant Gap Members, includes 7N 22N 12N 20N 14N 22N 19N 20N 26N 24N 17N 24N 26N 14N 20N 17N 24N 12N 20N 14N 19N 11N 16N 20N 24N 17N 11N 13N 19N 27N 19N 28N Township 2 8 6 4 8 3 1 4 4 2 1 9 3 25 10 14 25 23 34 13 16 28 36 16 35 22 17 18 18 17 13 17 Section Well name Well Luff Amoco-Champlin D-25 Luff Mtn Kenai Reserve Energy Federal 44-2 Smokey 1 Exxon Salt Wells Oil & Gas Hague Hill 1 Texas 6-25 Marathon (Husky) Daube Federal 1-6 Buccaner 1 Davis Steamboat Mtn 3 Woods Houston Fed 23-4 Freighter 13-1 Woods 1 Musketeer Davis Chambers 16-14-102 W498 1 SE Snowshoe Davis 2-1 Luff 4 Treasure Woods Diamond 1-X Texaco Oil Beard Fed 24-4A True 42X-16 Grynburg 1 Sidewinder Davis Marathon Sparks Ridge 2 Champlin Brady 36N Amoco 259 B-1 Saddlebag 22-1 Woods Duncan 1-9 1-XA Samedan Talamantes unit 2 Mtn Fuel Kinney Rock 44 Table Texaco Lockridge Bison 30 Deep 1 Amoco Frewen Exxon Jade Arco McIntyre 1-3 API number 49037220380000 49037214500000 49037219060000 49037205860000 49037600520000 49037215280000 49037228890000 49037218390000 49037215130000 49037215310000 49037219040000 49037219660000 49037206740000 49037207370000 49037209700000 49037220320000 05081063820000 49037227930000 49037205990000 49037220680000 05081069780000 49037223340000 49037217770000 49037219550000 49037228910000 05081062890000 49037051380001 49037216710000 49013216600000 49037225780000 49013210980000 05081066080000 Well data showing depths to selected stratigraphic horizons within the Thermopolis Shale, Mowry Shale, and Frontier Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 Map no. [ELEV, elevation of Kelly bushing (KB), ground level (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above mean sea level. Values in all but the last column are depths, in feet; last column is thickness, in feet. Abbreviations the last column are depths, in feet; is thickness, feet. Abbreviations in all but Values mean sea level. (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above (KB), ground level bushing of Kelly elevation [ELEV, Shale on pls. 1–4); MU, top of the Mowry Shale ( blue interval Mowry Sandstone; SH, top of the Shell Creek Shale; ML, lower used: TM, top of the Thermopolis Shale or in some cases Dakota part of the Chalk Creek in thrust belt (base Stands, 1999, sequence boundary); includes the lower most of the area but Member over top of the Belle Fourche on pls. 1–4); BF, (purple interval CC, top of the Chalk Creek Member Frontier; AH, Allen Hollo Fron FT, Creek Members of the Frontier Formation; and Wall combined tops of the Dry Hollow Basin; DW, Member of the Frontier in Washakie sandstones associated with the Dry Hollow shoreface any 5.] in figure to top of MU. Blank cells indicate no data. Locations data points are shown tier thickness from top of DW Table 1. 1. Table Province, and thicknesses (column FT) of the Frontier Formation.—Continued Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 7 - FT 249 455 955 313 953 490 984 962 724 388 973 950 552 948 798 775 865 732 750 340 815 373 346 370 390 1,057 1,145 DW 580 945 700 840 4,502 8,800 5,417 9,300 7,640 7,480 8,975 4,360 2,345 6,742 7,438 5,412 3,310 1,590 4,840 1,662 3,115 2,880 4,380 6,510 3,250 3,790 5,080 16,823 17,470 OE 888 893 4,730 8,845 5,680 9,608 7,730 7,600 9,238 4,690 2,628 6,880 7,730 5,480 3,608 1,897 4,920 1,975 3,410 1,245 3,160 4,670 6,540 1,015 3,295 3,845 5,130 16,845 17,545 AH 920 4,840 8,862 5,792 9,670 7,770 7,650 9,325 4,810 2,742 6,920 7,785 5,520 3,719 1,979 4,990 2,040 1,000 3,450 1,260 3,190 4,735 6,590 1,070 3,340 3,900 5,170 16,905 17,600 CC 920 4,840 8,862 5,792 9,670 7,770 7,650 9,325 4,810 2,742 6,920 7,785 5,520 3,719 1,979 4,990 2,040 1,000 3,450 1,260 3,190 4,735 6,590 1,070 3,340 3,900 5,170 16,905 17,600 BF 920 4,840 8,862 5,792 9,670 7,770 7,650 9,325 4,810 2,742 6,920 7,785 5,520 3,719 1,979 4,990 2,040 1,000 3,450 1,260 3,190 4,735 6,590 1,070 3,340 3,900 5,170 16,905 17,600 MU 5,457 9,113 6,474 8,130 9,959 5,505 3,307 8,162 5,800 4,283 2,540 5,392 2,610 1,378 3,890 1,810 3,612 5,130 6,850 1,515 3,623 4,136 5,450 1,230 17,072 17,925 10,253 ML 5,573 9,154 6,595 8,180 5,560 3,404 8,200 5,828 4,387 2,626 5,433 2,690 1,445 3,930 1,887 3,660 5,180 6,890 1,552 3,650 4,160 5,475 1,262 17,120 17,977 10,303 10,067 SH 5,800 9,216 6,799 8,274 5,762 3,529 8,324 5,915 4,525 2,749 5,552 2,807 1,559 4,054 2,030 3,800 5,290 6,950 1,680 3,725 4,240 5,550 1,335 17,290 18,095 10,500 10,203 TM 5,850 6,838 3,588 8,355 4,580 2,802 2,853 1,590 4,084 2,270 3,800 5,290 1,680 10,600 10,267 DF DF GR KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB KB GR KB KB KB GR ELEV 6,747 6,793 6,654 6,564 8,374 7,410 6,779 7,148 7,083 6,857 6,825 7,576 7,174 7,817 6,612 6,533 7,628 6,517 6,516 7,209 7,059 7,263 7,309 7,238 6,592 8,556 6,931 8,825 8,417 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY WY State 94W 93W 92W 92W 91W 90W 91W 91W 90W 90W 89W 90W 90W 90W 89W 89W 89W 88W 88W 88W 87W 88W 88W 88W 86W 87W 86W 86W 85W Range w Shale Member of the Frontier; OE, combined tops Oyster Ridge Sandstone and Emigrant Gap Members, includes 7N 4N 5N 3N 6N 3N 3N 10N 18N 28N 28N 26N 15N 16N 27N 26N 26N 17N 19N 26N 25N 19N 25N 24N 19N 26N 20N 20N 21N Township 8 6 2 7 5 2 23 21 29 30 14 24 23 27 26 26 21 14 26 31 29 10 30 35 24 22 16 25 23 Section Well name Well Kemmerer Coal 23-2 Kemmerer Amoco Echo Sps Deep Production Co Key 23 UPRR Weco-Kleitz Green Mtn Fed 1 Davis Hunt Fed 1-6 Fed Y 1 Texas 1-24 Oil TAO Amer. Texas Sohio Fed 2-B Able Ck 1-23 Florida Explor. ABC Amoco Wertz 1 McCulloch State Tuttle 1 USA Trowbridge Tenneco 1-26 Coors Winder Dome 10 Amoco Bailey Union Fed 7-14 Farmers McCulloch 3 Bence Fed 1-31 Wold Chancellor 234 Solar PLC-Rim-Fed 1 1-30 Amoco Mahoney Solar UPRR 1 Sinclair Fed 11-24 Dry Ck 1 Southland Royalty Sinclair 16-16 1 Cheney Gov Texas Ck Fed 5-5 Gas Tow Texas Benson Oak Ck 12-2 1 Daubes Pastouris API number Well data showing depths to selected stratigraphic horizons within the Thermopolis Shale, Mowry Shale, and Frontier Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming 05081064130000 49007212490000 49013217230000 05081066700000 49013217610000 49037223090000 49007203910000 49007206490000 49013213780000 49037217620000 49007210640000 49007051030000 49007200340000 05081065240000 49007210250000 49007207290000 49007052150000 49007207780000 49007206260000 49007206980000 49007210590000 49007205610000 49007213740000 05107060630000 49007214550000 05103059190000 05107061190000 05107060370000 05107051970000 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 Map no. [ELEV, elevation of Kelly bushing (KB), ground level (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above mean sea level. Values in all but the last column are depths, in feet; last column is thickness, in feet. Abbreviations the last column are depths, in feet; is thickness, feet. Abbreviations in all but Values mean sea level. (GR), or drill floor (DF) in feet above (KB), ground level bushing of Kelly elevation [ELEV, Shale on pls. 1–4); MU, top of the Mowry Shale ( blue interval Mowry Sandstone; SH, top of the Shell Creek Shale; ML, lower used: TM, top of the Thermopolis Shale or in some cases Dakota part of the Chalk Creek in thrust belt (base Stands, 1999, sequence boundary); includes the lower most of the area but Member over top of the Belle Fourche on pls. 1–4); BF, (purple interval CC, top of the Chalk Creek Member Frontier; AH, Allen Hollo Fron FT, Creek Members of the Frontier Formation; and Wall combined tops of the Dry Hollow Basin; DW, Member of the Frontier in Washakie sandstones associated with the Dry Hollow shoreface any 5.] in figure to top of MU. Blank cells indicate no data. Locations data points are shown tier thickness from top of DW Table 1. 1. Table Province, and thicknesses (column FT) of the Frontier Formation.—Continued 8 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah i m - r s u a l u s i g t o i u l d i u i t l i b s t e n i n d a o l r a r r i o i h d o t e a o c d p i t p u w b j c h a a n a l s m i r s e u y s s s a a r g g a q h e e a r r t t r r s e s s i i s s a e l l e c a a a u u c c r p p r l l r o w i ) e o o o e c c e n n i s 3 c r r c y y c a o t t e d o c c o t o 9 s s g r n i h o o n n e a a 9 a t g i h n n i o v l c g g n 1 l p o o p n l n o o o a ( i i a i u o e o e e r r c c c h P S P C N S D A C N N c i l o e u v o C T C A d a r b a 0 1 2 3 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O 0 0 0 0 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 M 1 1 1 1 ) r r r b 6 b N s b 8 M u p e k M 9 t e n M p a e s 1 n a o a ) e e n t ( t e i r G G e s h o r n i g d c a n C e e o t H n y l r n a p t i l l a a a ( u l s d t h b m a S i a n d o S o d e b d a h l m y y n s F r n u o i e r a W d ) a l w g S o t i t d o h e C S o p s a l p r u M m S a l s y o d F r d a E a e r - M e y m r n - e r p c e ) d B y e a o ( w g c l s h o 2 h o r a r t o T i h 6 n n C e n d e i / a c S 9 l s a i l h i e t g e c u v M e t t 1 l r k i t e a f t r ( a e e e c w i v t o i y s e e e n e l o r a r h r h e w t u l e e . h m e w C S C R P D . r h P . l s I o l S i e c f e i f d h M E a S S O R e r - g r h b e r l ) d b N l i t S b 3 M e 6 . f R M ) ) k i M B s 8 r w t 0 e 4 e l e s u o r h t 9 l e S 8 l c n s p a r + r 1 o e y a 9 u p u ( C c H O e ( o i n 6 1 l - . l F x y l ( s n r - o h e e 6 a m a t g s D h S m 9 e r e h b s i F n l S e r v * e i a b g r d r S e o ) h r e r h t l o t e n S o t n a p i x o r B . y s t h C o a h i a . P S r l a S r n s G r o S d d B a s p f o b i p / v k w ) l n n r ( f o g d d s M o a c 5 a a o i r F u t p m o n k t s r o 6 a o i r r / e u e i u o s m e 9 e e l n m h e x M r u i R l a r r i t k m e 1 h h T i C t r c e l o d t t ( a a i a h c p k e a H l e e l y r . T m c a n f e h i D N h F w w e o p . d e C s e e . . P r n I I r r I n o e e a h S H M M S h ) N e S 4 m l ) t d 8 F r a r a 9 a e r h i p 1 l e ( n l ( S i i t o ) s H t n 5 3 y r e / 7 / s t o r 4 2 h e / i 8 t h r e 1 r d l r B B h ) e n 9 e c a t w B F u i t n r t h o c 1 o o r o ( n S f a a a / a o m s e d f s s d i r c S r a i n l r p r M n i e F s i m o e o ) ( x e t n a i r h p a a s t t e 9 h t o t A o t r d o t l n 9 n m n e o i h o r h o e a 9 u M e h s S r k t 1 s h S d d r e a ( F k e T t e n i i e t s h a d e w D n r p d e n r o a C r r n c e o l F e S a c l y t t e e s M R S r h s i f S S ) r s 6 l ) s b u h E 8 a u n 4 ) n t S M t a ) 9 c ) 8 5 t c o e e i r 1 n l w 0 9 i 9 r t r l ( a i t e o l e e 6 1 9 l p v r . r l ( l a e ( m n I 9 n s 1 b a b o a i a r u ( b s 1 o h t . t M r H m ( b b u C S s t N M h r e e n n r b n s r n n d S h M e e o ) o o o r ) o l u a t w t t c l a h r 3 s n F i k b C o . r o t C l d A l 8 e h e l N b o a n l r i t d d e 9 a p o o s p e r n n H S s d 1 e ( g C ( a a e d v n H C i A g n i a ) i r r r o d i d r y s k i e e e 6 r a l R n o e s s R i l h h h g i 7 i d m a a r l t t t s r D r l o g 9 a m e h o n e e e o n i 3 t r e g a e 3 . 1 s l o . . l o y n C l 0 d ( f y w w w e 0 a r w i o e M o Columnar sections of the Mowry Composite Total Petroleum System for three locations within the Southwestern Wyoming Province and one for the Wyoming p e e e + . O r e o s d + o W r r r i B . e C 6 e w G t . 6 . I e e ' e . . e y 6 n 3 M C 9 9 o R R M M M M * * r m W F F Figure 2. thrust belt located west of the province. Generalized depositional environments are shown. Stratigraphic namesface are equivalent based on successions names observed are shown only in outcrops; for the Moxa arch area. subsur B1–B5, benches within the second Frontier; Dry B1, Hollow Member; B2/3,Creek Member; Oyster third and fourth Ridge Member; Frontier, B4/5, equivalent to Chalk the Belle Fourche and lower Chalk Creek Members. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 9

Depositional Environments accompanies interpreting log signatures. In core, the dominant facies observed in this environment is burrowed to bioturbated sandstone. Sedimentary structures observed in cores include Three generalized depositional environments—marine, low- to high-angle cross lamination. Low-angle lamination is shoreface/deltaic, and continental—were identified based on interpreted as lower shoreface, hummocky cross stratification interpretations of lithology, trace fossils, and sedimentary when it is indicated by the stratigraphic context; otherwise it is structures described in core and outcrop. The interpretation of shown as horizontal lamination in the core description. Higher environments determined from cores were used to help map angle cross laminations are interpreted as undifferentiated units in the cross sections by comparing cores to their cor- cross stratification and can be indicative of several environ- responding geophysical logs (pls. 1–4). Marine shale is gener- ments, including upper shoreface. ally the easiest lithology to identify and correlate because of a high clay content and good lateral continuity. Shoreface and deltaic deposits generally show an upward decrease in gamma- Continental (Coastal Plain/Estuarine) ray values, consist mainly of sandstone, and also have good lateral continuity allowing reasonably good correlations in the Continental strata are defined as rocks that were depos- subsurface. On geophysical logs from uncored wells, shore- ited near or above the landward limit of marine conditions face and deltaic sandstones were interpreted mainly by using and have either fresh or brackish water (tidal) influence. This a minimum gamma-ray value, but a standard American Petro- environment is characterized by fluctuating gamma-ray signa- leum Institute (API) cutoff was not applied to all logs because tures on geophysical logs and by sandstones that have increas- there was not a one-to-one correspondence of sandstone to a ing-upward gamma-ray signatures related to fining-upward specific API value when the value was compared to litholo- successions in core and outcrop. In core, rock types consist gies exhibited in cores. Therefore, each log was evaluated of interbedded sandstone, mudrock, carbonaceous shale, and separately to estimate the thickness of sandstone; an average coal. Sandstones are generally cross stratified, rippled, or con- shale line and maximum sandstone line were estimated and voluted. Cross-stratified sandstone units are difficult to distin- sandstone was then interpreted at 25 percent above the maxi- guish from upper shoreface, fluvial, and estuarine depositional mum sand line. The continental strata were the most difficult environments. A transition in the cores from dominantly coars- to identify with confidence unless core was available because ening-upward successions topped by fine-grained bioturbated of the varied gamma-ray responses that are characteristic of sandstone to fining-upward successions with basal medium- these deposits. Continental units may overlap somewhat with and coarse-grained cross-stratified sandstone is interpreted the other two environments. to mark the change from shoreface to continental rocks. An interpretation of tidal influence is added to the fining-upward successions based primarily on the presence of trace fossils Marine and flaser-wavy-lenticular bedding. Mudrocks with abundant carbonaceous fragments or roots are also diagnostic of conti- Marine rocks include isolated thin sandstone beds, inter- nental strata. bedded burrowed to laminated sandstone and shale, siltstone, and shale. Marine shale is generally characterized by high gamma-ray and low resistivity signatures on geophysical logs. Extremely high gamma-ray signatures in combination with Stratigraphy low resistivity or high conductivity are interpreted as bentonite beds, which are important marker horizons. Dakota Sandstone and Cloverly Formation Shoreface and Deltaic Deposits (Lower Cretaceous)

Shoreface and deltaic strata are defined in this study as Predominantly fluvial strata lying below marine shale sediments that accumulated between the point of highest wave of the Thermopolis Shale, or in some cases the Shell Creek action at high tide (foreshore) and storm wavebase in or adja- Shale, and above variegated beds of the underlying Morrison cent to a completely open-water marine setting. These deposits Formation were assigned to the Dakota Sandstone, based on are recognized on the geophysical logs as having decreasing- outcrop mapping in the Flaming Gorge area near the south upward gamma-ray signatures, which are related to coarsen- plunge of the Moxa arch (Hansen, 1965). In subsurface sec- ing-upward successions in cores and outcrop, and normally tions these rocks are also referred to as Dakota in the south- these log signatures can be traced between wells that are from ern parts of the Moxa arch (Ryer and others, 1987) or to the several to tens of miles apart. Rocks identified as shoreface Muddy Sandstone Member of the Thermopolis Shale by some sandstone on cross sections (pl. 1–4) may include some marine investigators (Walker, 1992). The unit changes facies from or continental rocks because of the uncertainty that typically dominantly fluvial sandstone in the southern parts of the Moxa 10 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah arch (well A–1 north to about well A–11, pl. 1) to dominantly fig. 1) show the Shell Creek to be present on the Moxa arch nearshore marine sandstone and interbedded marine rocks of but also refer to the unit as the lower, nonsiliceous member of the Thermopolis Shale in the northern parts of the Moxa arch the Mowry Shale (Ryer and others, 1987, their fig. 12). Walker (pl. 1) (Ryer and others, 1987). A similar facies relationship (1992) correlated the Shell Creek along the Moxa arch, and was observed in the Rock Springs uplift. Fluvial rocks domi- this nomenclature is apparently derived from an unpublished nate facies in what we referred to as the Dakota in the southern work by Research Planning Institute (for example, see Miller part of the Rock Springs uplift (well C–1 north to about well and others, 1992, p. 302). The Shell Creek terminology is also C–7, pl. 3) and then change facies to interbedded nearshore shown by Dolson and others (1991) for part of the Greater marine sandstone and marine shale farther north (pl. 3). East Green River Basin. of the Rock Springs uplift, toward the east side of the Great The character of the Shell Creek Shale is best seen on Divide Basin (fig. 1), the name Cloverly is used instead of the cross section B-B’ (pl. 2). In the Rock Springs area, only a thin lower part of the Dakota Sandstone (pl. 4). remnant of this unit is interpreted between the basal Mowry marker bed and the top of the first well-developed sandstone of the Muddy below. Part of this unit could represent litholo- Thermopolis Shale (Lower Cretaceous) gies of either brackish water or freshwater origin within the Muddy. The Thermopolis Shale is applied to a succession of marine shale, nearshore marine sandstone, and continental deposits (incised-valley fill) in the Wind River and Bighorn Mowry Shale (Upper Cretaceous) Basins (Dolson and others, 1991; U.S. Geological Survey, 2004). The name was extended to strata in the northeastern The name Mowry Shale is extended into the area of our part of the Greater Green River Basin by Eicher (1962) and study from exposures in the Powder River Basin and across subsequently has been in use by the petroleum industry on the the intervening areas (U.S. Geological Survey, 2004). In Moxa arch (for example, see Walker, 1992). Also on the Moxa the subsurface of the Southwestern Wyoming Province, the arch, a tongue of the Thermopolis has been referred to as the Mowry is recognized as a high resistivity zone on geophysi- G shale of the Dakota Sandstone by Ryer and others (1987). cal logs; for example, see well A–2 to A–11 on plate 1. This In the northeastern part of the Southwestern Wyoming distinctive signature reflects the highly siliceous character Province, the Muddy Sandstone Member of the Thermopolis of the shales and the presence of numerous interbedded thin Shale can be recognized on outcrop (Reynolds, 1968) and in bentonite beds. However, determining the exact positions of the subsurface as either a thin, decreasing upward gamma-ray both the upper and lower contacts can be problematic. Nixon response or a thicker, increasing-upward gamma-ray response (1973) arbitrarily placed the base at a persistent high gamma- (pl. 4). ray spike within the lower part of the high-resistivity shale section that characterizes the Mowry. The top of the unit is typically placed at the top of the Clay Spur Bentonite Bed Shell Creek Shale (Lower Cretaceous) (Nixon, 1973; Burtner and Warner, 1984). The Clay Spur has been traced into the subsurface of the Powder and Wind River The Shell Creek Shale lies between the Thermopolis Basins and is present at the top of a unique log signature con- Shale (Muddy Sandstone Member where present) and the sisting of an increasing-upward natural gamma count (Nixon, Mowry Shale (fig. 2). The lower contact of the formation is 1973, his fig. 2; Bhattacharya and Willis, 2001, their figure 2). placed at a high gamma-ray response on geophysical logs 1 We identified two mappable subunits within the Mowry that to 40 ft above the highest sandstone of the Muddy (see pl. 4). are bounded by traceable bentonite beds; these subunits are This high gamma-ray response can be traced with some con- colored purple and blue on the cross sections. fidence around the province and provides a mappable subsur- In the northeastern part of the Southwestern Wyoming face contact between the Thermopolis and Shell Creek Shales Province, the top of the Mowry Shale was placed at the top of where the Muddy Sandstone Member is absent (pls. 1–3). The a 3- to 5-ft-thick bentonite that can be recognized on outcrop Shell Creek is thickest on the northern Moxa arch (pls. 1 and and was placed at a high gamma-ray spike that is interpreted to 2). be the Clay Spur just above the increasing-upward gamma-ray The name Shell Creek Shale was applied in the Big Horn signature in the subsurface (Merewether and Cobban, 1972). Basin of north-central Wyoming by Eicher (1960), who later In the present study, these markers were then traced southward (Eicher, 1962) traced the unit into the Dutton Basin, north of along the eastern margin of the province south of Rawlins, our study area (sec. 18, T. 33 N., R. 89 W.) but interpreted it Wyoming, and traced westward across the Washakie Basin to pinch out before it reaches the Greater Green River Basin. (key wells include Towbridge, Amoco Echo Springs deep, and Reynolds (1968) mapped a shale unit between the Muddy and Amoco Frewen deep; fig. 1) to the Rock Springs uplift and the Mowry as the upper shale member of the Thermopolis in beyond to the western margin of the province. the Muddy Gap area (fig. 1), which corresponds to the unit we On the east side of the Rock Springs uplift, the top of the call Shell Creek in this report. Ryer and others (1987, their Mowry is placed at a prominent high gamma-ray spike that Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 11 is near the base of a prominent resistivity/conductivity spike ing the first Frontier) on the hanging wall of the Hogsback that typically has been used as the contact of the Mowry (see thrust, but thins to about 250 ft thick in the footwall (fig. 3). Nixon, 1973, and Curry, 1986). This resistivity/conductivity The rapid eastward thinning of the members toward the east is spike, however, does not match a distinct lithologic contact as mainly due to depositional thinning within the foreland basin recorded by the gamma-ray log, and so was not used by us as away from the thrust belt. On the Moxa arch and Rock Springs the contact. uplift, remnants of the Chalk Creek Member are interpreted on In the western part of the Greater Green River Basin, the well logs (pl. 1, wells A–13 to A–17) and in core (core E540, base of the Mowry was placed at the base of a high gamma- pl. fig. 2–1; core B326, pl. fig. 3–1; also see Hamlin, 1996, his ray interval, which was labeled M400 (Miller and others, figs. 5 and 6). The contact of the continental Chalk Creek with 1992, for example, p. 258). This same gamma-ray spike is the underlying marine and marginal marine Belle Fourche the B2 horizon of Stands (1999). The top of the Mowry is Member of the Frontier is difficult to discern unless cores are consistently placed at a conductivity spike that correlates, in available (pls. 1 and 2). The Allen Hollow is only preserved places, with a high gamma-ray spike shown by Miller and in the thrust belt and has been removed by erosion during the others (1992). This conductivity spike was mapped by Stands Cretaceous within the Southwestern Wyoming Province (1999) as the Km700 marker bed, which he shows to be about (fig. 2). The Oyster Ridge Sandstone Member is easily traced at the top of the Mowry. Curry (1986, his fig. 2, well 3) also from outcrops in the Wyoming thrust belt, where the unit is interprets this conductivity spike to be the top of the Mowry. dated by the presence of Collignoniceras woollgari, eastward We interpret the high gamma-ray spike just above the Km700 into the subsurface to the western flank of the Rock Springs to be approximately equivalent to the Clay Spur Bentonite uplift (pl. 2) and then southward to outcrops near Flaming Bed and use it as our contact. [Note: Map units B3 of Stands Gorge (pl. 3), where the unit contains the ammonite Prionocy- (1999) is close to (less than 50 ft above) the base of the Shell clus hyatti (fig. 2). The Dry Hollow Member can also be traced Creek; B2 of Stands is at the base of our blue unit (that is, base in the subsurface as far east as the Rock Springs uplift (pl. 2). of the Mowry); B1 of Stands is at the top of the blue unit; and There is a nomenclature change in the Frontier Formation Km700 of Stands is close to top of the purple unit (that is, the between the Rock Springs uplift and the Rawlins uplift top of the Mowry).] (fig. 2) and, because of sparse subsurface control, it is dif- ficult to determine where best to apply the various names in the intervening area. Three wells drilled between these Frontier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) uplifts (Echo Springs deep, Amoco Echo Springs deep, and the Tenneco #1 USA Trowbridge, fig. 1) provide the best data The correlation diagram (fig. 2) shows the age control to resolve which units are represented. The basal Emigrant and interpretations of the stratigraphic correlations of units Gap Member shoreface sandstone (pl. 4) is apparently pres- within the Frontier Formation in the Southwestern Wyoming ent in all three wells based on stratigraphic position relative Province. On the northeast margin of the province, the Fron- to underlying bentonites in the Belle Fourche Member. It tier ranges from about 600 ft to as much as 1,000 ft thick should be noted, however, that the Emigrant Gap is shown by (fig. 3) and is divided into three members: in ascending order, Merewether and Cobban (1972) to pinch out or to be truncated the Belle Fourche, the Emigrant Gap (formerly called the on outcrop in the Rawlins area. Its presence in those three unnamed member), and the Wall Creek Sandstone Members wells would require sediment bypass along the unconformity (pl. 4) (Merewether, 1983; Mieras, 1993). In the Rock Springs at the base of the continental strata of the Emigrant Gap (pl. uplift area to the west, we correlate the Emigrant Gap Member 4). We interpret the Emigrant Gap Member to be the approxi- with the Oyster Ridge Sandstone Member, and the Dry Hollow mate equivalent of shoreface sandstones of the Oyster Ridge Member, in part, with the Wall Creek Sandstone Member Sandstone Member and (or) lower part of the Dry Hollow (fig. 2). Others have made this correlation as well (for exam- Member of the Frontier Formation in the western part of the ple, Merewether and Cobban, 1986). province. The Wall Creek Member (pl. 4) appears to grade On outcrops in the Wyoming thrust belt (fig. 1), the Fron- westward approximately into the upper part of the Dry Hollow tier Formation consists of five members (fig. 2): in ascend- Member and lower part of the Baxter Shale on the Rock ing order, the Chalk Creek, Coalville, Allen Hollow, Oyster Springs uplift. Ridge Sandstone, and Dry Hollow Members (Hale, 1960; The top of the Frontier is generally placed at the top M’Gonigle and others, 1995). These members are exposed on of the highest sandstone above which lies the thick body of the hanging walls of imbricate thrusts in eastern Idaho, west- marine shale of the Hilliard, Baxter, Mancos, Steele, or Cody ern Wyoming, and northern Utah (fig. 1). In the subsurface in Shales. In the La Barge area (fig. 1), the first Frontier sand- the westernmost part of the Southwestern Wyoming Province, stone is a recognized tongue within these shales that is well the Frontier is informally divided, in ascending order, into the developed above the main body of the Frontier and can be fourth through the first Frontier. The second Frontier is further identified as far east as the northern Rock Springs uplift divided into benches 5 through 1 (fig. 2, Moxa arch column). (pl. 2). The first Frontier was not included in units isopached The formation thickness is about 4,000 ft (not includ- and shown in figure 3. 12 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

111° 110° 109° 108° 107°

EXPLANATION

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40 ° 100-200 800-900 0-100 700-800 Miles 0 10 20

UTAH COLORADO

Figure 3. Isopach map of the Frontier Formation (exclusive of the first Frontier sandstone) in the Southwestern Wyoming Province. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 13

Hilliard, Baxter, Mancos, Steele and Cody holes in the Wyoming thrust belt have been palinspastically Shales (Upper Cretaceous) restored 12 miles west of their present locations (fig. 3), based on restorations by Royse (1993). The Coalville section was The 3,000 to 5,000 ft of marine shale above the Frontier restored 37.5 miles to the west, based on DeCelles (1994). Formation (Finn and Johnson, Chapter 14, this CD–ROM) are The Frontier Formation thickness data were modeled and con- called (1) Hilliard Shale in the Green River Basin proper and toured using EarthVision (Dynamic Graphics, Inc., 2002). on outcrop near Flaming Gorge; (2) Baxter Shale on the Rock Springs uplift and in adjacent wells; (3) Mancos Shale in the Sand Wash Basin; (4) Steele Shale in the Washakie Basin, in most of the Great Divide Basin, and near Rawlins; and (5) Structure Contour Map on Top of the Cody Shale in the northeastern part of the Great Divide Basin. Frontier Formation In the Rawlins area, a tongue of Cody Shale, present between the Frontier and Niobrara Formations (pl. 4), has been called the unnamed calcareous unit (Merewether and Cobban, 1972; The structure contour map (fig. 5) was constructed with Merewether, 1973), the Sage Breaks Shale (Merewether, the top of the Dry Hollow Member (second Frontier) or Wall 1983), or a tongue of the Cody equivalent to the Niobrara Creek Sandstone Member of the Frontier Formation as a (Reynolds, 1968). We show this unit as a tongue of the Cody datum. Data used for the map included about 4,000 wells from Shale on plate 4. In the western part of the study area, the Hill- the Petroleum Information/Dwights PetroROM well-history iard contains the first Frontier sandstone tongue (fig. 2), which database (IHS Energy Group, 2001), that listed depths to the can be distinguished as a silty or sandy interval as far east as top of the Frontier. These data were modeled and contoured the Rock Springs uplift (pls. 2, 3). using EarthVision to reveal obvious anomalies represented by “bulls eyes.” Data in these areas then were either deleted or the geophysical logs were checked and the values changed. Outcrop elevations were derived digitally by intersecting lines Isopach Map of the Frontier Formation representing the top of the Frontier (and equivalents) from digital geologic maps with a digital elevation model of the top- An isopach map of the Frontier Formation (fig. 3) was ographic surface. Selected major fault traces, also from digital constructed on the basis of our interpretations of 156 geo- geologic maps, were added to the model. In areas with little physical logs (fig. 4; table 1), many of which are used on the or no data, including the northern Great Divide Basin and the four regional cross sections (pls. 1–4). The interval thicknesses deep parts of the Washakie and Sand Wash Basins, structure (table 1, column FT) were calculated by subtracting the depth contours were extrapolated by using the structure contour map to the top of the Dry Hollow or Wall Creek Sandstone Mem- of the top of the Mesaverde Group (Johnson and Finn, Chapter bers (column DW in table 1) from the depth to the top of the 8, this CD–ROM) and an inferred thickness from the top of Mowry Shale (column MU in table 1). the Mesaverde Group to the top of the Frontier derived from a Six control points located outside of the Southwestern regional isopach map. Wyoming Province were used to constrain thickness trends at The top of the Frontier picked by the authors and used in the margins of the province, including three subsurface points the isopach map (DW in table 1) was interpreted 2 years after from the Wind River Basin in Wyoming and from outcrop the structure map was created and is not used in its construc- measurements at Dutch John and Coalville in Utah, based on tion. However, when locations and calculated elevations of the Frontier thickness compilations in Roberts and Kirschbaum top of the Frontier from table 1 were plotted on the structure (1995). In addition, an average thickness (950 ft) for the Jack- map, the values were consistent with the map. It should be son, Wyoming area, was obtained from a published measured noted that this structure map was used to create the depth map surface section by Love and others (1951), an unpublished to the top of the Frontier in Kirschbaum and Roberts (Chapter measured surface section (E.A. Merewether, written commun., 5, this CD–ROM). 2003), and a nearby drill hole. Two measurements from drill 14 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

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27 T 30 N 8   12  13 R 90 W 5  37 130   R 110 W R 105 W R 100 W   R 85 W 9 21 126 132   124 136  22 133 t 16  26 138 s   28 107   142 u   148 r 103    h 34 137 t  39 44 49 53 143 T 25 N  k    54 94 T 25 N T 25 N  c   145 a 36 84  b   106 119 s  111  146 g 24 48 51 89 42  73   ° o  50     55  104 H 78 17 38 47 52    81 85 10  25   100  83    59 79  82 2    96  7  32  91 152  74 72 77  43 102  64 76 98 109 19     118 150 T 20 N 31 45  T 20 N113 T 20 N     61 92 3  147 149  15  63 86 95 123 125  42 62   101   140    115   1 71  144  46  129   30 58 105 110    120 66 90   139 57    80 117  69   40  135   33 67 88    134 T 15 N T 15 N  T 15 N 93  29 56 99 108 114      23 87   122  35 WYOMING 20 60 97 6    70 R 85 W  11 18 65  R 100 W R 95 W R 90 W 41°   R 110 W   T 3 N  14   112 116 75  121 68 

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Figure 4. Index map of the Southwestern Wyoming Province showing location of data points in stratigraphic database (table 1) used in construction of isopach map (fig. 3). Numbered locations are sorted first by longitude, starting in the west, and then by latitude, beginning at the north. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 15

111 ° 110° 109° 108° 107° EXPLANATION

above sea level

Southwestern 0 to 10,000 feet below sea level 43° Wyoming Province greater than 10,000 feet below sea level

-12 Structure contour in thousands of feet Contour interval = 1,000 feet contol point -18 7 -16 -14 0 -12 4 6 -2 -10 -14 -9 -12 -18 42 -8 ° -8 -8 -4 -9 0 -4

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UTAH COLORADO

Figure 5. Structure contour map on top of the Frontier Formation (exclusive of the first Frontier sandstone) in the Southwestern Wyoming Province. Data are from about 4,000 wells listed in the Petroleum Information/Dwights PetroROM well-history database (IHS Energy Group, 2001). See text for methods used in constructing map. 16 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

References IHS Energy Group, 2001, [includes data current as of Decem- ber, 2000] PI/Dwights Plus U.S. Production and Well Data: Englewood, Colo., database available from IHS Energy Bhattacharya, J.P., and Willis, B.J., 2001, Lowstand deltas Group, 15 Inverness Way East, D205, Englewood, CO in the Frontier Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyo- 80112, U.S.A. ming—Implications for sequence stratigraphic models: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, v. 85, no. 2, Love, J.D., Keefer, W.R., Duncan, D.C., Bergquist, H.R., and p. 261–294. Hose, R.K., 1951, Geologic map of the Spread Creek-Gros Ventre River area, Teton County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Burtner, R.L., and Warner, M.A., 1984, Hydrocarbon genera- Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Map OM–118, 2 sheets. tion in Lower Cretaceous Mowry and Skull Creek Shales of the Northern Rocky Mountain area, in Woodward, Jane, Merewether, E.A., 1973, Geologic map of the Lone Haystack Meissner, F.F., and Clayton, J.L., eds., Hydrocarbon source Mountain quadrangle, Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. rocks of the Greater Rocky Mountain Region: Rocky Moun- Geological Survey Map GQ–1064. tain Association of Geologists, p. 449–467. Merewether, E.A., 1983, The Frontier Formation and mid- Curry, W.H., III, 1986, Subtle middle Cretaceous paleotectonic Cretaceous orogeny in the foreland of southwestern Wyo- deformation of Frontier and lower Cody rocks in Wyoming, ming: Mountain Geologist, v. 20, no. 4, p. 121–138. in Peterson, J.A., ed., Paleotectonics and Sedimentations in the Rocky Mountain region, United States: American Asso- Merewether, E.A., Blackmon, P.D., and Webb, J.C., 1984, The ciation of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 41, p. 469–479. mid-Cretaceous Frontier Formation near the Moxa arch, southwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Profes- DeCelles, P.G., 1994, Late Cretaceous-Paleocene synorogenic sional Paper 1290, 29 p. sedimentation and kinematic history of the Sevier thrust belt, northeast Utah and southwest Wyoming: Geological Merewether, E.A., and Cobban, W.A., 1972, Unconformities Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 32–56. within the Frontier Formation, northwestern Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper Dolson, John, Muller, D., Evetts, M.J., and Stein, J.A., 1991, 800–D, p. 57–66. Regional paleotopographic trends and production, Muddy Sandstone (Lower Cretaceous), central and northern Rocky Merewether, E.A., and Cobban, W.A., 1986, Biostratigraphic Mountains: American Association of Petroleum Geologists units and tectonism in the Mid-Cretaceous foreland of Wyo- Bulletin, v. 75, p. 409–435. ming, Colorado, and adjoining areas, in Peterson, J.A., ed., Paleotectonics and sedimentation in the Rocky Mountain Dynamic Graphics, Inc., 2002, EarthVision, v. 7. Region, United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, v. 41, p. 443–468. Eicher, D.L., 1960, Stratigraphy and micropaleontology of the Thermopolis Shale: Peabody Museum of Natural History M’Gonigle, J.W., Dalrymple, G.B., and Holmes, C.W., 1995, Yale University Bulletin 15, 126 p. Single-crystal 40Ar/39Ar ages for rocks in the lower part of the Frontier Formation (Upper Cretaceous), southwest Eicher, D.L., 1962, Biostratigraphy of the Thermopolis, Wyoming: The Mountain Geologist v. 32, p. 47–53. Muddy, and Shell Creek Formations, in Enyert, R.L., and Curry, W.H., eds., Symposium on Early Cretaceous rocks of Mieras, B.D., 1993, Sequence stratigraphy and depositional Wyoming and adjacent areas: Wyoming Geological Asso- controls, mid-Cretaceous Frontier Formation, south-central ciation Seventeenth Annual Field Conference Guidebook, Wyoming: Boulder, University of Colorado Ph.D. disserta- p. 72–93. tion, 397 p. Hale, L.A., 1960, Frontier Formation—Coalville, Utah, and Miller, T.S., Crockett, F.J., and Hollis, S.H., 1992, Wyoming nearby areas of Wyoming and Colorado, in Overthrust Belt oil and gas fields symposium Greater Green River Basin of southwest Wyoming: Wyoming Geological Association and Overthrust belt: Wyoming Geological Association Fifteenth Annual Field Conference Guidebook, p. 137–146. Symposium, 372 p. Hamlin, H.S., 1996, Frontier Formation stratigraphy on the Nixon, R.P., 1973, Oil source beds in Cretaceous Mowry Shale Moxa arch, Green River Basin, Wyoming: Mountain Geolo- of northwestern interior United States: American Association gist, v. 33, number 2, p. 35–44. of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 57, no. 1, p. 136–161. Hansen, W.R., 1965, Geology of the Flaming Gorge area, Obradovich, J.D., 1993, A Cretaceous time scale, in Caldwell, Utah-Colorado-Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Profes- W.G.E., and Kauffman, E.G., Evolution of the Western Inte- sional Paper 490, 196 p. rior Basin: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 39, p. 379–396. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 17

Reeside, J.B., Jr., and Cobban, W.A., 1960, Studies of the Ryer, T.A., McClurg, J.J., and Muller, M.M., 1987, Dakota– Mowry Shale (Cretaceous) and contemporary formations Bear River paleoenvironments, depositional history and in the United States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey shoreline trends—implications for foreland basin paleo- Professional Paper 355, 126 p. tectonics, southwestern Green River Basin and southern Wyoming overthrust belt, in Miller, W.R., ed., The Thrust Reynolds, M.W., 1968, Geologic map of the Muddy Gap Belt revisited: Wyoming Geological Association Annual quadrangle, Carbon County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Field Conference Guidebook, v. 38, p. 179–206. Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ–771. Stands, R.E., 1999, Depositional sequence analysis of the Roberts, L.N.R., and Kirschbaum, M.A., 1995, Paleogeogra- Upper Cretaceous Frontier Formation, Darby thrust—Moxa phy of the Late Cretaceous of the Western Interior of middle arch area, southwestern Wyoming: Golden, Colorado North America—Coal distribution and sediment accumula- School of Mines, Ph.D. dissertation, 619 p. tion: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1561, 115 p. U.S. Geological Survey, 2004, Geologic names lexicon, in National Geologic Map Database: U.S. Geological Survey Royse, Frank, Jr., 1993, An overview of the geologic structure Web site , accessed 06–02–2004. Idaho, in Snoke, A.W., Steidtmann, J.R., Roberts, S.M., eds., Geology of Wyoming: Geological Survey of Wyoming Walker, S.A., 1992, Moxa arch cross section, in Miller, T.S., Memoir No. 5, p. 272–311. Crockett, F.J., and Hollis, S.H. eds., Wyoming oil and gas fields symposium, Greater Green River Basin and Over- Ryer, T.A., 1976, Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Coalville and thrust belt: Wyoming Geological Association Symposium, Rockport areas, Utah: Utah Geology, v. 3, p. 71–83. plate in pocket. Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (WOGCC) Web site, 2003, http://wogcc.state.wy.us/, accessed 09–03– 2003. 18 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah Click on image below to bring up high-resolution of plate 1. Stratigraphic cross section A-A’ located on the Moxa arch. Location of section shown in figure Wells 1. were projected into a single line of section. Plate 1. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 19

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 1–1.

Plate figure 1-1. Graphic log of USGS core E244 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 11,821–11,880 feet. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. 20 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 1–2.

Plate figure 1-2. Graphic log of USGS core B275 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 11,830–11,920 feet. Trace fossil sketches are true scale. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 21 Wells were projected into a single line of section. Click on image below to bring up high-resolution of plate 2. Stratigraphic cross section B-B’ oriented northwest to southeast from the Moxa arch to the Rock Springs uplift. Location of section shown in figure 1. Plate 2. 22 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 2–1.

Plate figure 2-1. Graphic log of USGS core E540 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 7,214–7,271.5 feet. Trace fossil sketches are true scale. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 23

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 2–2.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DIGITAL DATA SERIES DDS–69–D U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHAPTER 15, PLATE FIGURE 2–2

B-3 Comparison of core to gamma-ray log Natural Gas Corp. of Calif. (XTO Energy Inc.) 7,600 43-22 Federal sec. 22, T. 26 N., R. 112 W. 6,727 KB 8,050 TD 7,650

USGS Core D121

7,700 7,700 7,670

7,750

7,675 sand filled, unlined

low-angle cross stratification, 7,680 probably preserved toesets

EXPLANATION

7,685 Depositional environments

Continental deposits; includes fluvial and tidal 0.5 ft missing core sandstones, mudrock, carbonaceous shale, and coal

Shoreface sandstones 7,690

Offshore to marine mudrocks and shale

7,695 Trough or planar-tabular Hummocky cross cross stratification stratification Current ripples Wave ripples Horizontal or subhorizontal Flaser bedding bedding Wavy bedding Convoluted bedding Lenticular bedding 7,700 Lamination Streaky bedding Mud clasts Erosional contact 1.0 ft missing core Chert clasts Sharp contact Coal or plant fragments Roots distinct grain flows Coal Planolites Ophiomorpha 7,705 Altered volcanic ash Burrows

slickensides Grain size 7,710 C S V F M Cs C S V F M Cs Vc Feet ver y coarse sand coarse sand medium sand fine sand ver y fine sand silt clay

GRAPHIC LOG OF USGS CORE D121 OF THE FRONTIER FORMATION By Mark A. Kirschbaum and Laura N.R. Roberts 2005 Chapter 15

Plate figure 2-2. Graphic log of USGS core D121 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 7,668–7,710 feet. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. 24 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 2–3.

Plate figure 2-3. Graphic log of USGS core D122 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 7,600–7,660 feet. Trace fossil sketches are true scale. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 25

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 2–4.

Plate figure 2-4. Graphic log of USGS core E452 of the Frontier Formation. described core is in the depth interval 8,747–8,800 feet. Trace fossil sketches are true scale. Trace fossil sketches are true scale. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. 26 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 2–5.

Plate figure 2-5. Graphic log of USGS core D131 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 8,613–8,640 feet. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 27

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 2–6.

Plate figure 2-6. Graphic log of USGS core D707 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 15,925–16,060 feet. Trace fossil sketches are true scale. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. 28 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 2–7.

Plate figure 2-7. Graphic log of USGS core D305 of the Frontier Formation. The described core is in the depth interval 16,047–16,135 feet. Trace fossil sketches are true scale. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 29 Wells were projected into a single line of section. Click on image below to bring up high-resolution of plate 3. Stratigraphic cross section C-C’ oriented south to north along the crest of the Rock Springs uplift. Location of section shown in figure 1. Plate 3. 30 Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas in the Southwestern Wyoming Province, Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate figure 3–1.

Plate figure 3-1. Graphic log of USGS core B326 of the Frontier Formation. Described core is in the depth interval 9,060–9,148 feet. Abbreviations: KB, Kelly bushing; TD, total depth. Stratigraphic Framework of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale, Frontier Formation and Adjacent Units 31

Click on image below to bring up high-resolution image of plate 4.

Plate 4. Stratigraphic cross section D–D’ oriented northwest to southeast in the Muddy Gap area in the northeastern part of the province. Location of section shown in figure 1. Wells were projected into a single line of section.

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