Continued Bird Surveys in Southeastern Coastal Brazilian Atlantic Forests and the Importance of Conserving Elevational Gradients

Home , Bicolored conebill, Brazilian ruby, Diademed tanager, Laniisoma, Serra do Mar, Sooty swift

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 383-409 ARTICLE December 2014

Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients

Vagner Cavarzere1,2,4, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa1,2, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto3, Luciano Moreira-Lima1,2 and Luís Fábio Silveira2

1 Pós-Graduação, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, travessa 14, 101, CEP 05508- 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 2 Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Nazaré, 481, CEP 04218-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3 Rua Tiro Onze, 04, CEP 11013-040, Santos, SP, Brazil. 4 Corresponding author: [email protected]

Received on 15 January 2014. Accepted on 18 November 2014.

ABSTRACT: Although the Atlantic forest is the best-studied Brazilian phytogeographic domain, few coastal municipalities of the state of São Paulo can count on published and critically revised bird species list, which are important initial steps to organize conservation inniciatives. Here we present historical records from Bertioga, a northern coastline municipality of the state of São Paulo, as well as recent records obtained in surveys during the past years within the municipality. Surveying methods, carried out between 2008-2011, included point counts, 10-species lists, transect counts and mist nets. This compendium resulted in 330 documented species, 90 of which still await documentation. Of these 420 bird species, 85 (20.4%) are Atlantic forest endemic species and as many as eight, six and 23 are threatened at the global, national and state levels, respectively. Seventeen species are reported from Bertioga for the first time. Some records based exclusively on sightings must be carefully considered, whereas the species richness reflects the diversity of the habitats we visited, which varied from lowland and montane forests, to slopes and fluvial and tidal-influenced environments. We highlight that every habitat of the region should be continuously inventoried and that the absence of legal protection of lowland forests (which are not considered under the elevational threshold of the Serra do Mar State Park) must be reevaluated, as they harbor a greater number of endemic and threatened species than do other elevational bands.

KEYWORDS: Bird species richness, Bertioga, restingas, species lists, survey methods.

INTRODUCTION phytogeographic domain), 199 birds (16%), 71 mammals (27%), 94 reptiles (31%), and 286 amphibians (60%, The Brazilian Atlantic forest occupies a vast heterogeneous Mittermeier et al. [2005]). Despite this biological richness, region (1,481,946 km2, approximately 17.4% of the the Atlantic forest is probably one of the most threatened Brazilian territory). It includes a large variety of forest tropical forests, within the hottest of hotspots (Laurance physiognomies and compositions distributed throughout 2009). Almost 90% of the original Atlantic forest has been > 3,300 km along the Brazilian Atlantic coast, within lost, and less than 12% of the original vegetation remains. latitudes from 3º S to 30º S, and elevations from sea level The best preserved biogeographical sub-region of this up to 2,700 m. These forests are distributed in diﬀerent phytogeographic domain is the Serra do Mar Mountain topographical and climatic conditions, encompassing Range, which runs in parallell with the Atlantic Ocean lowlands and coastal mountains with high levels of and encompasses 36.5% of its original vegetation (Ribeiro rainfall, as well as interior high plateaus with seasonally et al. 2009). This mountainous complex also holds the dry seasons (Câmara 2003). highest levels of bird endemism in the Atlantic forest The Atlantic forest is recognized worldwide for its (Haﬀer 1985). In the state of São Paulo, lowland forests, high diversity (1-8% of the world’s total species, Silva & which lie in narrow bands at the base of coastal mountains, Casteleti 2003) and high rates of endemism (Myers et al. are unprotected throughout most of their extension 2000). A recent assessment highlighted the large number because the Serra do Mar State Park rarely includes forests of endemic species in several groups, such as 8,000 tree below a 100 m elevational threshold. Due to the absence species (40% of the total species richness within the of protection as well as real-state speculation, lowland 384 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira

forests are probably the most threatened Atlantic forest such as Bertioga, São Sebastião and Caraguatatuba. habitats in the state (Câmara 1991). As a consequence These lists represent an important means of gathering of a long history of deforestation, more than 80% of the data that will initially organize and eventually lead to 199 endemic bird species are threatened or endangered conservation inniciatives. Here we present a birdlist (Goerck 1997, IUCN 2012). for the municipality of Bertioga, São Paulo, based on Although the Serra do Mar has a stunning diversity, museum specimens, published literature and recent field we still know little about its birds. Since the first expeditions, highlighting noteworthy records, endemic investigations carried out at the Serra do Mar at the and endangered species and the importance of continued turn of the 20th century by Helmuth Pinder in Alto de surveys in order to document and produce the most Paranapiacaba (Camargo 1998), as well as Luederwaldts’s updated and reliable bird checklist for this municipality. (1925) scientific expeditions to Ilhabela (both localities in We further discuss about the need of extending São Paulo), and later Davis’ (1946) in Teresópolis, state of conservation priority to lowland forests, which remain Rio de Janeiro, several bird inventories conducted along mostly unprotected although harboring extremely high this region have been published (e.g. Willis & Oniki bird richness and endemism. 1981, Olmos 1996, Goerck 1999, Naka & Rodrigues 2000, Willis & Oniki 2003, Develey 2004, Nores et al. 2005, Straube & Urben-Filho 2005, Cunha & Rajão MATERIAL AND METHODS 2007, Alves & Vecchi 2009, Lima 2010, Cavarzere et al. 2010, Mallet-Rodrigues et al. 2010), especially in Study site the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. Recently a paper gathered all documented records of bird species We carried out bird censuses and observations in Bertioga from the municipality of Ubatuba (Simpson et al. 2012), (centered at 23°51' S / 46°08' W), a northern coastline but entire municipalities of São Paulo’s northern shore, municipality in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil which primarily constitute the Serra do Mar, remain (Figure 1). Bertioga has about 480 km2 of evergreen without published and critically revised checklists, Atlantic forest, 85% of which constitutes areas under

FIGURE 1: Map showing the remaining Atlantic forest (green) in the municipality of Bertioga, southeastern Brazil, where recent bird surveys have been carried out (numbered black circles, cross-referenced with Table 1). Locations where records of birds have been made within Bertioga by several other sources are depicted as un-numbered black circles with white dots. A black square shows the city of Bertioga.

protection (Maia et al. 2008). According to Köppen’s palm tree Euterpe edulis) and hunter trails, while elevations classiﬁcation, the climate of the region is Af, humid or above 300 m constituted of mature secondary forests (≥ super humid tropical, with rains distributed throughout 20 m canopy) and seemed slightly disturbed, with scarce the year (Nascimento & Pereira 1988). Climatologic understory. We surveyed sites at several latitudes along data monitored between 1941 and 1970, indicates mean elevational transects: (1) habitats around the Guaratuba annual temperatures of 24.8°C, with lowest and highest River (hitherto Guaratuba), which included 15 point monthly means of 20.7°C in July and 28.3°C in February, counts distributed along ﬁve elevational bands between respectively. Bertioga is one of the most humid regions 0 and 400 m; (2) habitats around the Itatinga River in Brazil, with mean annual rainfall of more than 3,200 (hitherto Itatinga) between 0 and 500 m, surveyed with mm, with lowest mean rainfalls in July (111 mm) and 10-species lists; and (3) restingas between da Prata River highest, in February (410 mm, Martins et al. 2008). (hitherto Prata), one of the tributaries of the Itapanhaú We cleared up existing (sometimes quite steep) River, as well as the adjacent Bertioga beach, between 0 narrow (< 1 m wide) trails in distinct zones within the and 50 m. These latter locations were surveyed with point municipality. At lower elevations they presented signs of counts and mist nets. For coordinates and locations refer human disturbance, such as selective logging (especially the to Table 1 and Figure 1, respectively.

TABLE 1: List of locations where recent bird surveys have been carried out within the municipality of Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil. Dates of surveys (detailed in methods) are indicated for each site, to which decimal latitude and longitude are given. The main vegetation types are shown, including mean elevations and type of surveying method and effort. Total sampling effort for mist nets are represented in h.m2, while the effort for other methods are indicated in hours. Ad = ad libitum, L = 10-species lists, MN = mist nets, PC = point counts, T = transect counts.

Total Location Sampling Location name Habitat Latitude Longitude Altitude Method sampling number period eﬀort

1 2008-2009 Boraceia beach Beach -23.751 -45.860 4 Ad 32 2 2008-2009 Condomínio Lowland -23.732 -45.866 20 PC 30 Morada da Praia I forest 3 2008-2009 Condomínio Submontane -23.705 -45.869 98 PC 20 Morada da Praia II forest 4 2008-2009 Condomínio Submontane -23.702 -45.891 290 PC 10 Morada da Praia III forest 5 2010 Segunda Estrada Lowland -23.875 -46.194 31 L 5 forest 6 2010 Alambique road Lowland -23.854 -46.176 35 L 5 forest 7 2010 Vicente’s road Lowland -23.832 -46.167 9 L 5 forest 8 2010 Mangue road Mangrove -23.817 -46.154 4 L 5 9 2010 K3 trail Lowland -23.801 -46.126 10 L 5 forest 10 2010 Restinga trail Restinga -23.779 -46.124 109 L 5 11 2010 Rio trail Lowland -23.764 -46.112 46 L 5 forest 12 2010 Pedra trail Submontane -23.773 -46.115 189 L 5 forest 13 2010 Represa trail Submontane -23.745 -46.115 491 L 5 forest 14 2010-2011 Prata river Lowland -23.8 -46.1 5 MN,T 2,304/5 forest 15 2010-2011 Bertioga beach Restinga -23.82 -46.08 12 MN,T 2,304/5

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 386 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira

Bird counts multiplied by width), h is the time of exposure and n is the number of mist nets (Roos 2010). Free observations We surveyed birds with auditory-visual methods summed up 87 h and another 110 h were spent walking in and mist nets. VC conducted unlimited-distance 10-min nearby marshes and restingas, for a total of 197 hours and point counts (Bibby et al. 2000, Vielliard & Silva 1990). ca. 190 km of quantitative and ad libitum observations. There were three points 200 m apart in each of the four For a complete compendidium we searched elevational bands, which were separated vertically by ca. for Bertioga bird records in the literature in Web of 100 m. Each point was visited for six non-continuous days knowledge (http://wokinfo.com/) and Google Scholar and the observer managed to intersperse the sequence of (http://www.scholar.google.com/), and for “Santos” conducting points so that each point was the first to be (which encompassed this municipality in past decades), sampled. Complementarily, TVVC used 10-species lists, “Bertioga”, and “Varjão do Rio Guaratuba” specimens in which case 10 species were noted in a list, without in the MZUSP bird collection. Santos specimens were repeating the same species in the same list; it was possible critically examined individually regarding their precise to mark a repeated species again only in a subsequent one. location, and only those unequivocally collected within The observer took descriptions or sound recordings of any the current Bertioga municipality were considered. In bird not immediately identified but that was seen or heard addition, skins deposited at the Instituto Adolfo Lutz sufficiently well for identification. These individuals were (IAL) and Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual later identified using standard reference works (Herzog de Campinas (ZUEC) and recordings available at the et al. 2002, MacKinnon & Phillips 1993). GAB and Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard (FNJV) were LML surveyed birds with unlimited-distance transect accessed in http://www.splink.org.br/. Specialized World counts during mornings and afternoons. All observations Wide Web sites were consulted for additional documented began 15 min before sunrise, while afternoon counts records within the municipality (http://www.xeno-canto. usually took place after 15h00. Bird records consisted of org and http://www.wikiaves.com.br), bearing in mind individuals heard and/or seen with the help of 8 x 20 some questionable identifications. Therefore, all records and 8 x 40 binoculars. We avoided surveying birds on based on these websites were critically examined . We rainy or windy days. Individuals were recorded with tape are aware that many species recorded from the literature (Panasonic RQ-L31) and digital (Zoom H4n) recorders and that we considered as undocumented may have with a Sennheiser ME-66 directional microphone. documentation. However, because we had no access to Recordings were deposited at the Seção de Aves do Museu these vouchers (photographs and recordings), we treated de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). them as such. Taxonomic arrangements follow the Comitê Mist nets were also used to complement our Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos (CBRO 2014) and inventories. Eight mist nets (12 x 3 m x 30 mm) were Atlantic forest endemic species are according to Moreira- placed in six 100 m trails, one trail for each of the six sites Lima (2013). Threatened species are reported for global located at the Prata restingas. Nets touched bottom and (IUCN 2012), national (Silveira & Straube 2008) and were kept open from 05h00-12h00 for two consecutive state (Silveira et al. 2009) levels. mornings and one afternoon (15h00-17h00). We also conducted pre-dawn observations (03h00-05h00) and walked randomly in different elevations around our study RESULTS areas and distinct habitats such as restingas and nearby marshes and reed beds, while including stops at flowering Over a total of 71 non-continuous days of surveys and and fruiting trees to observe hummingbirds and canopy- random observations we documented 217 bird species dwelling frugivores, many of which are difficult to detect, of 22 orders and 61 families. Another 30 species were especially during point counts (Robinson 1999). On recorded aurally and/or seen only, lacking further many occasions we conducted afternoon counts ca. 2 h documentation. The use of mist nets resulted in 215 before sunset until nightfall. We surveyed sites during individuals captured. These corresponded to 21 species, four reproductive seasons: 31 August-1 September which were also detected with other surveying methods, 2008; 24 October-8 November 2008; 25-28 November belonging,to three orders and 14 families. 2008; 14-29 November 2009 (Guaratuba), 11, 15-22 The first published account on Bertioga birds was December 2010 (Itatinga) and 8-12 September 2010, 31 Camargo’s (1946) who mentioned six species from Varjão March, 2 and 5 April 2011 (Prata), accumulating a total do Guaratuba, which consists of mangroves and marshes of 90 point counts (15 h), 42 10-species lists (~ 12 km), adjacent to that river. Lopes et al. (1980) mist netted 18 58 h of transect counts (~ 10 km) and a net effort (E) of species in lowland forests around the Guaratuba River 4,608 h.m2. The net effort was calculated according to E and later, Bennett & Lopes (1980) mist netted birds at = area.h.n, where area is the area of each mist net (height Varjão do Rio Guaratuba, as well as other municipalities

in the state (Itapetininga and Salesópolis) without teasing of the following: Myiarchus tyrannulus is a poor-quality apart species recorded by individual locality. The Bertioga photograph of a ferrugineous-tailed Myiarchus. As no Polygon avifauna inventory yielded 87 species, for none of comments by the photographer reffered to its vocalization, which Beyer (2008) mentioned the type of documentation but rather to its ferrugineous wing and tail feathers, we obtained. The SESC Bertioga bird project recorded 135 decided to exclude this record because this genus is not species, most of them documented with photographs easily recognizable by plumage alone. In addition, VC (Sanfilippo & Demétrio 2004). Willis & Oniki (2003), photographed a ferrugineous-tailed singing M. ferox at in which Stotz & Willis’ (1992) records in Guaratuba Emas National Park on 27 November 2013, rendering are included, mentioned 233 species from Bertioga. The the feature used to identify this M. tyrannulus from most recent published avifaunal inventory conducted in Bertioga unreliable. Sula leucogaster were photographed Bertioga surveyed birds with point counts in montane during a boat crossing from Bertioga to Guarujá, so their Atlantic forests at the Parque das Neblinas, lying on 700- precise locality (municipality) cannot be assumed. 1,200 m terrains (Donatelli et al. 2011). This list included All documented records (including literature, 221 species. The authors, however, did not specify the museum specimens, recordings and photographs) from types of documentation for each species, except for the Bertioga accounted for 330 species of 25 orders and 73 Hangnest Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus nidipendulus, the families. Of these, 55 are endemic to the Atlantic forest identification of which consisted of its diagnosable nest. (including another 11 “almost endemic” species, Moreira- The MZUSP collection accounted for 116 specimens Lima 2013), and six are considered globally endangered of 64 species whereas the IAL and ZUEC collections or vulnerable, whereas six are endangered in Brazil and accounted for 20 species each, although the IAL specimen another 23 in the state, including the critically endangered of an Elaenia sp. was omitted here since its identification Aburria jacutinga (Appendix I). Seventeen species are was not provided and could not be personally examined. reported from Bertioga for the first time (Appendix I Recordings from xeno-canto included 17 species, and and II). Should we consider elevational bands separetly, from the 2,806 photographs and 51 recordings as of 22 the lowest band (0-99 m) accounts for three times (or October 2014 on the Wiki Aves database (261 species), even more) the number of species recorded in any other we excluded two single photographed individuals because elevational band (Table 2).

TABLE 2: Number of species recorded per elevational band within the municipality of Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil.

Elevation Documented species Undocumented species Total

0-99 177 21 198 100-199 60 6 66 200-299 60 9 69 300-399 41 5 46 400-499 47 3 50

DISCUSSION counterpart Scalloped Woodcreeper L. falcinellus should occur in montane forests) there are many other Novel species added to the municipality of Bertioga are sightings that must be fully documented either due to mostly represented by conspicuous, yet vagrant species, their unlikely range within the Serra do Mar or discrete or those, which have recently colonized the area due to plumage to be identified only by sight. Species such as habitat alterations. Some common forest species should the Planalto Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus pelzelni, Pale- be recorded and documented with continued surveys. breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens, Southern Antpipit Some 90 undocumented records (of which 28 are Corythopis delalandi and Mouse-coloured Tyrannulet Atlantic forest endemics) include many species found Phaeomyias murina (Donatelli et al. 2011) are not found at higher elevations of the Serra do Mar, not surveyed along the coast or in highland evergreen Atlantic forests by us. Among these there are three vulnerable and two in the state (Willis & Oniki 2003). They may have been critically endangered species in the state, as well as misidentified since these records relied on sightings only 30 species, which can be found at the nearby Boraceia (Donatelli et al. 2011). Biological Station (Appendix II, Cavarzere et al. 2010). VC saw on two consecutive days (25 and 26 October While the Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus 2008) one lone, quite striated Tigrisoma standing on represents a misidentification (in Bertioga its southern large rocks in the middle of the river while crossing the

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 388 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira

Guaratuba River deep in lowland forest in a point where it where a bird in young plumage was seen besides an adult bears characteristc features (fast-flowing small- to medium- individual. This elevational gradient may be a promising sized clear water rivers surrounded by undisturbed location for studying A. jacutinga at the Serra do Mar. vegetation) of the habitat of the Fasciated Tiger-Heron Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus. Near T. fasciatum, a critically endangered species in São Paulo. threatened in São Paulo. An uncommon hawk in the There was no time to observe the diagnosable characters state, especially in coastal areas (Willis & Oniki 2003). At that dintinguish it from its congenier’s youngsters as the least nine individuals were reported from three different bird flew away to the forest on both occasions at the localities at the Baixada Santista, a southern coastal moment it was sighted. However, we strongly believe it locality in São Paulo (Silva & Olmos 2007), suggesting was not a young Rufescent Tiger-Heron T. lineatum, for a resident population which commonly form conspecific this latter species was commonly and only observed, in groups. Here it is reported for Bertioga (Itatinga) for the adult and juvenile plumage, in marshes bordering, or even first time, but we saw no indications of social aggregations. completely isolated from, forest edges. VC also heard the Mantled Hawk Pseudastur polionotus. Vulnerable Rusty-barred Owl Strix hylophila on 3 November 2008 in São Paulo. This species is typically found at higher at ca. 200 m at a steep slope at Guaratuba. This owl is altitudes at the Serra do Mar, but we saw one bird soaring more common at higher elevations at the Serra do Mar over the 200 m elevational band at Itatinga, just 100 and especially at the Serra da Mantiqueira (Antunes et al. m higher than our record of the White-necked Hawk 2006). This undocumented record illustrates how some Amadonastur lacernulatus, a coastal lowland species in the typical high-elevation species move along elevational state. gradients as long as the vegetation is continuous between Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus lowland and montane forests (Simpson et al. 2012). melanoleucus. Critically endangered in São Paulo. A rare species in the state, it depends on large areas to hunt. Noteworthy records We saw one bird soaring over a small fragment, which was not far from continuous lowland forests, near the Our compilation resulted in 420 bird species (93, or city of Bertioga. 22.6%, Atlantic forest endemics), 324 of which are American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus. documented in the form of skins, photographs or Vulnerable in São Paulo. New for the municipality, this recordings. Some of these records are quite interesting species has no historical records in São Paulo northern and we briefly comment on them below. coastlines. Because dogs are a menace to the nidification of Solitary Tinamou Tinamus solitarius. Vulnerable the species, it would be important to control the entrance in São Paulo and sought after by poachers. The species of such pets in protected environments (F. Olmos, pers. was perhaps less common in the lowlands, but regularly com.). In addition, the deforestation of restingas, as well found along the entire elevational gradient at Guaratuba, as uncontrolled turism and pollution constitute a severe even in the steepest terrains, indicating low hunting threat to this species (Barbieri 2009). Hopefully, recently pressure in that area (Sick 1997). Its vocalization was protected restingas (see below) will warrant its constant heard on every survey, apparently with no temporal or presence in Bertioga. seasonal correlation. On few occasions when birds were Mearly Parrot Amazona farinosa. Critically seen, only one individual was sighted. endangered in São Paulo. This represents one of the few Black-fronted Piping-Guan Aburria jacutinga. populations in the state’s northern coasts. The species is Critically endangered in São Paulo and globally much more abundant in São Sebastião and Ilha Bela, endangered. This species is extremely rare outside immediately northeast of Bertioga (Olmos 1992), but protected areas, especially in the Serra do Mar, due to can reach both Caraguatatuba (E. Pacífico pers. obs.) and hunting and palm harvesting (Galetti et al. 1997). We Ubatuba (Simpson et al. 2012) to the north. The species saw two individuals around the 100 m elevational band is typically seen in small flocks of ca. six individuals, at Guaratuba, which is the limit threshold of the Serra do which fly from lower slopes to lowland forests during the Mar State Park boundaries. One individual flew away the mornings and to the opposite direction on late afternoons moment it was sighted, but the other remained calm on (São Sebastião, R. S. Marconde pers. obs.). Although a canopy branch for several minutes. Residents reported common in lowlands, it can be also spotted above 700 m, the species as somewhat regularly seen in the area, and in preserved montane forests at Ilha Bela, in the highest although it is not common at all at the Boraceia Biological part of the dirt road to the Castelhanos beach (pers. obs.). Station (contiguous higher elevation forests on the same Salvadori’s Antwren Myrmotherula minor. elevational gradient), the species has also been recently Vulnerable in São Paulo and globally vulnerable. We saw recorded there at 830 m (Cavarzere et al. 2010). There is one adult male in mature and tall forest at sea level at a record of breeding activity in Bertioga (Casadei 2013), Guaratuba. Much less common than its congener M.

unicolor, this species may be easily overlooked because making this area one of the last large protected restingas of its cryptic plumage and behavior. There is also a male remaining in the country. Despite these initiatives, we collected at Varjão do Rio Guaratuba by E. Dente in 30 caution about the conservation of lowland forests along June 1971 (MZUSP 43457). other coastline municipalities within São Paulo. As Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus macconnelli. the Serra do Mar State Park does not protect lowland Vulnerable in São Paulo. The only record of the species habitats, we strongly believe these forests will be destined for Bertioga is a mist netted male (MZUSP 62446) on for real-state speculation and, as already seen in Bertioga 24 October 1972 around Varjão do Rio Guaratuba. and elsewhere, occupation by slums in the near future. Uncommon at the northward coastal municipality of Although some species seem restricted to lowlands, Ubatuba (Simpson et al. 2012), no other records have such as the Yellow-legged Tinamou C. noctivagus, been made for this species in Bertioga since then, nor Glittering throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata, Tawny- has the species been recorded in Caraguatatuba (between throated Leaftosser S. macconnelli, Whiskered Flycatcher Bertioga and Ubatuba), where we suspect the species Myiobius barbatus, Black-headed Berryeater Carpornis will be found with increasing surveying efforts. There melanocephala, the conservation of complete elevational is also a record from Saibadela/Sete Barras, within the gradients are just as important. As fully documented, Serra de Paranapiacaba (Aleixo & Galetti 1997), which there are cases of elevational replacements and migrations is supposedly the southernmost range of this species in at both the Serra do Mar and Serra de Paranapiacaba eastern Brazil. (e.g. Rajão & Cerqueira 2006, Simpson et al. 2012). Wren-like Rushbird Phleocryptes melanops. Migrations exist in some high elevation species which can Vulnerable in São Paulo. One of three records for the descend to sea level, or species that have been suggested state. There is a female specimen in MZUSP (61066) to depend on the palm heart E. edulis, which fruits at from Rio Guaratuba. Like S. macconnelli, no other record different times and elevations, during periods of general of the species has been made in Bertioga, although it has fruit scarcity (Laps 1996, but see Galetti & Aleixo 1998). been recorded in Cubatão (Olmos & Silva 2001). Therefore, such communities can only thrive in entire Shrike-like Cotinga Laniisoma elegans. Vulnerable Atlantic forest elevational gradients, from lowlands to in São Paulo. A species hard to detect, with only a few montane forests. records in the state, most of them at higher elevations Recently, the polytypic species Sclerurus mexicanus (Boraceia Biological Station, Cavarzere et al. [2010]). was proven paraphyletic (d’Horta et al. 2012), meaning A previous undocumented sighting at the Varjão do that the subspecies S. m. maconelli should eventually be Rio Guaratuba lowlands by Camargo (1946) is now regarded as a full species ranging from the Guiana Shield confirmed by a recent photograph (Balieiro 2012). to the Atlantic forest in eastern Brazil (CBRO 2014). The Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch Sporophila angolensis. Yellow-legged Tinamou Crypturellus n. noctivagus may Vulnerable in São Paulo. A sought-after cage bird found also prove to be a separate species (endemic of the Atlantic especially in Coco-grass Cyperus rotundus and Cattail forest) from its northern counterpart, C. n. zabele, of Typha ssp. dominated marshes in the interior of the state drier caatinga and semideciduous forests (B. Tamotami (Willis & Oniki 2003). Apparently its populations are pers. com.). For harboring a greater species richnes than recovering in some parts of São Paulo, becoming more other elevational band, exclusive and threatened species common even in disturbed areas. We saw and heard a as well as several Atlantic forest endemics, we highlight singing adult male at Itatinga. the importance of continuous efforts to study and survey low elevation forest and restinga habitats, suggesting their Correlates of species richness immediate inclusion within the Serra do Mar State Park, a Category II protected area (see IUCN protected area The high species richness detected at Bertioga clearly categories). reflects the environmental diversity in our study areas, such as lowland and montane forests, and riverine and marine habitats. There are other species that will ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS eventually be encountered within the municipality as additional surveys and observations are carried out. G. P. Moraes helped on a few field expeditions. IdeaWild Recently, the successful implementation of a 9,264 ha supported us with field equipment. VC benefitted from restinga protected area (Restinga de Bertioga State Park) a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível has been achieved, although this excluded Itaguaré beach, Superior (CAPES) scholarship. We extend many thanks an important resting area for sea and shorebirds. The to Andrés Calonge-Méndez for inviting TVVC to adjoining Hércules Florence Private Natural Reserve survey these forests. F. K. Ubaid is thanked for inviting adds another 1,440 ha to this large restinga continuum, VC to collaborate with his research at Emas National

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 390 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira

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Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 392 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira VU E NT NT EN EN d Wiki Aves (Wk*, exclusively (Wk*, exclusively Aves Wiki d GL BR SP Endemism EN EN CR E . (1980), P = Beyer (2008), S = Sanﬁlippo (2008), S = Sanﬁlippo et al . (1980), P = Beyer et al . 2009). AE = species almost endemic to the A S,Wk A,Wk A,Wk A,Wk Source A,S,Wk A,W,Wk A,D,P,Wk A,D,P,W,Wk A,MZUSP,W,Wk* et al . (2011), L = Lopes A,C,D,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk B B B B B B B 13 APPENDIX I APPENDIX P,V P,V V,P V,P V,P A,R A,R,Sk A,P,Sk,V 1234 Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V B Pied-billed Grebe Pied-billed White-faced Whistling-Duck P Brown Tinamou Brown Tinamou Yellow-legged Muscovy Duck Muscovy Duck Masked Guan Dusky-legged Piping-Guan Black-fronted Black-bellied Whistling-DuckBlack-bellied Teal Brazilian P,V Solitary Tinamou English name English Podicipediformes (1) Podicipedidae podiceps Podilymbus Anseriformes Anatidae (5) viduata Dendrocygna Crypturellus obsoletus Crypturellus noctivagus Crypturellus Cairina moschata Cairina dominica Nomonyx Galliformes (2) Cracidae obscura Penelope jacutinga Aburria Dendrocygna autumnalis Dendrocygna brasiliensis Amazonetta Tinamiformes (3) Tinamidae solitarius Tinamus Taxa & Demétrio (2004), W = Willis & Oniki (2003); on line photographs - Wk = Wiki Aves. Elevation: B = 0-99 m, 1 100-199 2 200-299 3 300-399 4 Elevation: Aves. Wiki Wk = (2003); on line photographs - & Oniki Willis W = (2004), & Demétrio Paulo (Silveira São Straube 2008), SP = state of & Brazil (Silveira GL = global (IUCN 2012), BR 400-499 m. Threats: 2013). (Moreira-Lima forest Atlantic registered on Wiki Aves as recordings); Literature - A = this study, C = Camargo (1946), D = Donatelli C = Camargo (1946), D Donatelli - A = this study, Literature as recordings); Aves Wiki on registered List of 330 bird species documented within the municipality of Bertioga, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Evidence: A = aural, N nest, P photograph, R Evidence: southeastern Brazil. Paulo, species documented within the municipality of Bertioga, state of São List of 330 bird Estadual de Campinas da Universidade de Zoologia (MZUSP), Museu Paulo de São da Universidade de Zoologia - Museu Skins V = visual. Sources: = skin, Sk recording, an (FNJV),database (XC) xeno-canto Vielliard Jacques Neotropical - Fonoteca (IAL); Recordings Lutz Adolfo (ZUEC) and Instituto

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 394 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E NT GL BR SP Endemism VU EN VU E S XC Wk Wk Wk A,Wk A,Wk A,Wk A,Wk A,Wk A,D,P D,Wk W,Wk W,Wk W,Wk Source A,W,Wk A,W,Wk A,W,Wk MZUSP,W A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,P,S,W,Wk A,D,C,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk 1 B B B B B B B B B B B B P P P P P P R Sk P,V P,V P,V P,V P,V A,P,R A,P,V P,Sk,V P,Sk,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V Evidence Elevation Roseate Spoonbill Roseate Lesser Yellow-headed VultureLesser Yellow-headed P English name English Vulture Turkey Gray-headed Kite Gray-headed Kite Rufous-thighed Hawk Tiny Hawk Bicolored Black Vulture Black Osprey Kite Hook-billed Crane Hawk Crane Snail Kite Snail Savanna Hawk Savanna Black-Hawk Great White-necked Hawk Roadside Hawk Roadside Hawk Short-tailed Gray-necked Wood-Rail Gray-necked Crake Rufous-sided Rail Spotted Limpkin Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail Slaty-breasted Platalea ajaja Platalea Cathartes burrovianus Taxa Cathartiformes (3) Cathartidae Cathartes aura Accipiridae (12) Accipiridae Leptodon cayanensis diodon Harpagus superciliosus Accipiter bicolor Accipiter Coragyps atratus Accipitriformes (1) Pandionidae haliaetus Pandion uncinatus Chondrohierax Geranospiza caerulescens Geranospiza Rostrhamus sociabilis Rostrhamus Heterospizias meridionalis Heterospizias urubitinga Urubitinga Amadonastur lacernulatus Amadonastur Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Rupornis brachyurus Buteo Rallidae (8) cajaneus Aramides melanophaius Laterallus maculatus Pardirallus Gruiformes Aramidae (1) guarauna Aramus Aramides saracura Aramides

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 395 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira VU NT GL BR SP Endemism Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk A,Wk A,Wk W,Wk Source A,S,Wk P,W,Wk A,W,Wk A,W,Wk A,P,S,Wk A,D,P,Wk A,P,S,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,MZUSP,W,Wk B B B B B B B B B B P P P P P P P P P P P,V P,V P,V P,V A,P,V A,P,V P,Sk,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V Evidence Elevation Red-gartered Coot Red-gartered Purple Gallinule Purple Blackish Rail Blackish Common Gallinule Southern Lapwing Southern American Golden-Plover English name English Semipalmated Plover Semipalmated American Oystercatcher White-backed Stilt Collared Plover Collared Spotted Sandpiper Spotted Solitary Sandpiper Yellowlegs Greater Lesser Yellowlegs Sanderling White-rumped Sandpiper Long-tailed Jaeger Wattled Jacana Wattled Kelp Gull Kelp Common Tern Fulica armillata Fulica Porphyrio martinicus Porphyrio Pardirallus nigricans Pardirallus galeata Gallinula Charadriiformes Charadriidae (4) chilensis Vanellus Pluvialis dominica Pluvialis Taxa Charadrius semipalmatus Charadrius Charadriiformes (1) Haematopodidae palliatus Haematopus Recurvirostridae (1) melanurus Himantopus Charadrius collaris Charadrius Scolopacidae (6) macularius Actitis solitaria Tringa melanoleuca Tringa Tringa ﬂavipes Tringa Calidris alba Calidris fuscicollis Calidris (1) Stercorariidae longicaudus Stercorarius Jacanidae (1) Jacanidae jacana Jacana Laridae (1) Larus dominicanus Sternidae (5) Sternidae hirundo Sterna

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 396 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E EN VU GL BR SP Endemism S W A,S Wk Wk D,S S,W A,Wk W,Wk W,Wk Source A,D,W A,S,Wk A,D,P,W A,P,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk A,D,W,Wk A,P,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,Wk A,D,IAL,S,W,Wk A,D,IAL,P,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,W,Wk 1 B B B B B B B B 123 P P P P P Sk Sk P,V P,V A,P A,P A,R A,P,V A,P,V A,P,V A,P,V A,P,Sk P,Sk,V A,P,R,Sk 234 A,P,Sk,V B A,P,Sk,V B Evidence Elevation A,R,Sk,V B South American Tern American South English name English Tern Cabot’s Eared Dove Eared White-tipped Dove Dove Gray-fronted Quail-Dove Ruddy Cuckoo Squirrel Cuckoo Dark-billed Ani Smooth-billed Cuckoo Guira Screech-Owl Tropical Barn Owl Barn Owl Tawny-browed Black Skimmer Black Cuckoo Striped Owl Burrowing Royal Tern Royal Picazuro Pigeon Picazuro Pigeon Pale-vented Rock Dove Rock Ruddy Ground-Dove Ruddy Ground-Dove Blue Sterna hirundinacea Sterna Taxa Thalasseus acuﬂavidus Zenaida auriculata Zenaida Leptotila verreauxi Leptotila rufaxilla montana Geotrygon Cuculiformes (5) Cuculidae cayana Piaya Coccyzus melacoryphus ani Crotophaga guira Guira (4) Strigidae choliba Megascops Strigiformes (1) Tytonidae furcata Tyto koeniswaldiana Pulsatrix Rynchopidae (1) Rynchopidae niger Rynchops naevia Tapera cunicularia Athene Thalasseus maximus Patagioenas picazuro Patagioenas cayennensis Patagioenas Columba livia Columbiformes Columbidae (9) Columbina talpacoti pretiosa Claravis

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 397 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E AE GL BR SP Endemism D,S S,W A,W A,W D,W S,Wk S,Wk Source A,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk A,D,P,S,Wk A,P,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk W,Wk,ZUEC A,P,XC,W,Wk A,S,W,Wk,ZUEC A,D,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk A,MZUSP,W,Wk,ZUEC A,MZUSP,S,W,Wk,ZUEC 1 B B B B B B B B B B B P P P P,V P,V P,V P,V P,V Sk,V A,P,V A,P,V P,Sk,V A,P,R,V A,P,Sk,V B A,P,Sk,V 123 A,P,Sk,V B12 Evidence Elevation A,R,Sk,V 12 A,P,R,Sk,V 1234 A,C,D,MZUSP,W,Wk,ZUEC A,P,R,Sk,V B4 Lesser Nighthawk Swift Sick’s Hermit Saw-billed Swallow-tailed HummingbirdSwallow-tailed Hummingbird Sombre P,V Reddish Hermit Reddish White-throated HummingbirdWhite-throated P White-chinned Sapphire Glittering-bellied Emerald Glittering-bellied WoodnymphViolet-capped A,P,Sk,V B1 Stygian Owl Stygian Pauraque Long-trained Nightjar Swift Sooty Swift White-collared Coquette Festive Gray-rumped Swift Gray-rumped Mango Black-throated Black Jacobin Black Glittering-throated EmeraldGlittering-throated P,Sk,V Versicolored Emerald Versicolored Common Potoo English name English Nighthawk Short-tailed Chordeiles acutipennis Chordeiles meridionalis Chaetura (16) Trochilidae Ramphodon naevius Eupetomena macroura macroura Eupetomena cirrochloris Aphantochroa Phaethornis ruber Leucochloris albicollis Hylocharis cyanus Hylocharis Chlorostilbon lucidus Chlorostilbon glaucopis Thalurania Asio stygius albicollis Hydropsalis forcipata Hydropsalis Apodiformes (4) Apodidae fumigatus Cypseloides zonaris Streptoprocne Lophornis chalybeus Chaetura cinereiventris Chaetura nigricollis Anthracothorax Florisuga fusca Florisuga Amazilia ﬁmbriata Amazilia Amazilia versicolor Amazilia Nyctibiiformes (1) Nyctibiidae griseus Nyctibius Taxa Caprimulgiformes (4) Caprimulgidae semitorquatus Lurocalis

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 398 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E E AE AE NT E NT E GL BR SP Endemism Wk D,W W,Wk Source D,S,Wk A,W,Wk D,W,Wk D,W,Wk A,D,S,W W,ZUEC A,P,S,W,Wk A,D,P,W,Wk L,MZUSP,W A,MZUSP,W FNJV,S,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk MZUSP,W,Wk A,MZUSP,W,Wk A,MZUSP,W,Wk A,MZUSP,P,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,L,P,S,Wk B B B B B P Sk P,V P,Sk V,Sk A,P,V P,Sk,V P,Sk,V P,Sk,V A,Sk,V A,P,R,V A,P,Sk,V 1 Evidence Elevation A,R,Sk,V 1234 A,P,R,Sk,V 134 A,P,R,Sk,V 12 White-tailed Trogon White-tailed Trogon Brazilian Ruby Brazilian KingfisherAmerican Pygmy Kingfisher Green P,Sk Sapphire-spangled EmeraldSapphire-spangled P,R,Sk Ringed Kingfisher Kingfisher Amazon Rufous-capped Motmot Rufous-capped English name English KingfisherGreen-and-rufous Sk Puffbird Buff-bellied Crescent-chested Puffbird Crescent-chested Toucan Toco White-spotted Woodpecker A,P,R,V B23 Channel-billed Toucan Yellow-fronted WoodpeckerYellow-fronted A,P,R,V 124 Red-breasted Toucan Red-breasted Piculet Ochre-collared Spot-billed Toucanet Spot-billed Piculet White-barred Trogoniformes (2) Trogonidae viridis Trogon surrucura Trogon Clytolaema rubricauda Chloroceryle aenea Chloroceryle americana Amazilia lactea Amazilia Coraciiformes Alcedinidae (5) Megaceryle torquata Chloroceryle amazona Momotidae (1) Momotidae Baryphthengus ruficapillus Taxa Chloroceryle inda Galbuliformes (2) Bucconidae swainsoni Notharchus Malacoptila striata Malacoptila Piciformes Ramphastidae (4) Ramphastos toco Veniliornis spilogaster Veniliornis Ramphastos vitellinus Melanerpes flavifrons Melanerpes Ramphastos dicolorus temminckii Picumnus Selenidera maculirostris Selenidera (9) Picidae cirratus Picumnus

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 399 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E AE CR VU E NT E NT GL BR SP Endemism VU EN VU E NT S W Wk Wk A,W S,Wk A,Wk A,Wk* Source A,D,W A,D,S,Wk MZUSP,W A,D,W,Wk A,D, FNJV A,MZUSP,W A,MZUSP,W A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,S,P,S,XC,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk A,MZUSP,W,Wk,ZUEC 1 2 B B B B B B B B B B P P P P Sk Sk P,V P,V P,V A,R A,R A,Sk Sk,V A,P,V P,R,V A,R,V A,R,V A,P,R,V Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V B12 A,P,R,Sk,V B134 A,P,R,Sk,V 12 A,D,FNJV,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk Southern Caracara Southern Forest-Falcon Barred Robust Woodpecker Robust Caracara Yellow-headed Laughing Falcon Blond-crested WoodpeckerBlond-crested Lineated Woodpecker A,P,R,Sk,V B1234 A,D,MZUSP,P,S,XC,W,Wk Forest-Falcon Collared American Kestrel Campo Flicker Aplomado Falcon Aplomado Yellow-throated WoodpeckerYellow-throated A,P,Sk,V 1 Peregrine Falcon Peregrine English name English Golden-capped Parakeet Golden-capped Maroon-bellied ParakeetMaroon-bellied Parrotlet Blue-winged Parrot Pileated A,P,R,Sk,V B1234 Plain Parakeet Plain Scaly-headed Parrot Antwren Streak-capped Antwren Salvadori’s Mealy Parrot Mealy Parrot Orange-winged Parrot Blue-bellied Falconiformes (8) Falconidae plancus Caracara ruficollis Micrastur Campephilus robustus Campephilus chimachima Milvago cachinnans Herpetotheres Dryocopus lineatus Celeus flavescens flavescens Celeus semitorquatus Micrastur sparverius Falco Colaptes campestris Falco femoralis Falco Piculus flavigula Piculus Falco peregrinus Falco Taxa Psittaciformes (9) Psittacidae auricapillus Aratinga Pyrrhura frontalis Pyrrhura xanthopterygius Forpus pileata Pionopsitta Brotogeris tirica Brotogeris Pionus maximiliani Pionus Passeriformes Thamnophilidae (12) maculata Terenura minor Myrmotherula Amazona farinosa Amazona amazonica Amazona malachitacea Triclaria

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 400 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E E E E E E E AE AE VU VU E NT E NT E GL BR SP Endemism Wk A,W A,W S,Wk Source A,D,Wk D,W,Wk MZUSP,W A,D,XC,W A,D,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk* A,D,XC,W,Wk* A,D,FNJV,P,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,P,W,Wk* A,D,MZUSP,P,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,S,W,Wk A,MZUSP,P,XC,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk A,L,MZUSP,P,XC,W,Wk 4 1 B B P P A,P,R A,R,V B123 A,R,V A,R,V 1234 A,P,Sk A,R,Sk A,P,R,V 134 A,P,R,V B1234 A,P,Sk,V A,R,Sk,V 1234 Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V B234 A,P,R,Sk,V 2 A,P,R,Sk,V B134 A,L,MZUSP,P,XC,W,Wk A,P,R,Sk,V B12 A,P,R,Sk,V B13 A,MZUSP,XC,W,Wk,ZUEC Lesser Woodcreeper WoodcreeperWhite-throated Xenops Plain A,P,Sk 1234 Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Narrow-billed Streaked Xenops Streaked Rufous-capped AntthrushRufous-capped LeaftosserTawny-throated A,P,R,Sk,V LeaftosserRufous-breasted A,P,R,Sk,V WoodcreeperPlain-winged B A,P,R,Sk B A,R,Sk,V A,C,MZUSP,S,W,Wk,ZUEC 23 1234 Planalto Woodcreeper Planalto Scaled Antbird White-shouldered Fire-eyeWhite-shouldered A,R,Sk,V Gnateater Rufous GnateaterBlack-cheeked 234 Bristlefront Slaty A,P,R,Sk,V Tapaculo White-breasted 1234 Star-throated Antwren Star-throated Spot-breasted Antvireo Spot-breasted Antvireo Plain Antwren Rusty-backed Antshrike Variable Antshrike Spot-backed Squamate Antbird Squamate Unicolored Antwren Unicolored English name English Xiphorhynchus fuscus Xiphocolaptes albicollis (2) Xenopidae minutus Xenops Lepidocolaptes angustirostris Xenops rutilansXenops Scleruridae (2) Sclerurus macconnelli Formicariidae (1) Formicariidae colma Formicarius Sclerurus scansor (5) Dendrocolaptidae turdina Dendrocincla Dendrocolaptes platyrostris Dendrocolaptes Drymophila squamata Pyriglena leucoptera Pyriglena Conopophagidae (2) Conopophaga lineata Conopophaga melanops Rhinocryptidae (2) ater Merulaxis indigoticus Eleoscytalopus Rhopias gularis Dysithamnus stictothorax Dysithamnus mentalis ruﬁmarginatus Herpsilochmus Thamnophilus caerulescens guttatus Hypoedaleus Myrmoderus squamosus Myrmoderus Myrmotherula unicolor Myrmotherula Taxa

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 401 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E E E E E E E AE VU VU NT GL BR SP Endemism A D Wk A,W A,Wk D,Wk W,Wk Source A,D,W C,W,Wk A,D,P,W A,D,P,W A,D,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk MZUSP,W A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,W A,C,D,MZUSP,W A,D,FNJV,L,W,Wk A,MZUSP,XC,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,L,S,W,Wk A,FNJV,MZUSP,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,XC,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,MZUSP,P,W,Wk 1 2 B B B B 234 P Sk P,V P,V A,R P,Sk A,P,V A,R,V 1234 A,N,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V Evidence Elevation A,R,Sk,V B A,R,Sk,V 2 A,P,R,Sk,V B A,P,R,Sk,V 2 A,P,R,Sk,V B A,P,R,Sk,V B24 A,D,FNJV,L,MZUSP,P,W,Wk A,P,R,Sk,V 2 A,P,R,Sk,V 1 Black-tailed Flycatcher Black-tailed Sharpbill Flycatcher Black-tailed Shrike-like Cotinga Shrike-like Tityra Black-crowned Tityra Black-tailed Wing-banded Hornero Wing-banded Rufous Hornero Rufous Wren-like Rushbird Wren-like Foliage-gleanerWhite-eyed Foliage-gleanerBlack-capped A,P,R,Sk,V Foliage-gleanerOchre-breasted A,P,R,Sk,V 24 A,Sk,V 1234 12 Spinetail Gray-bellied ManakinWhite-bearded Manakin Blue A,P,R,Sk,V B Schiffornis Greenish A,D,FNJV,L,MZUSP,P,XC,W,Wk White-winged Becard Becard Black-capped English name English White-browed Foliage-gleanerWhite-browed Sk,V Treehunter Pale-browed Rufous-capped Spinetail Rufous-capped Red-eyed Thornbird Red-eyed Thornbird Orange-eyed Spinetail Yellow-chinned Becard Crested Myiobius atricaudus Myiobius Oxyruncidae (1) Oxyruncus cristatus (2) Onychorhynchidae barbatus Myiobius Laniisoma elegans inquisitor Tityra cayana Tityra Furnariidae (13) Furnariidae figulus Furnarius Furnarius rufus Furnarius Chiroxiphia caudata Chiroxiphia Phleocryptes melanops leucophthalmus Automolus atricapillus Philydor rufum Philydor spixi Synallaxis (2) Pipridae manacus Manacus (7) Tityridae Schiffornis virescens Pachyramphus polychopterus Pachyramphus marginatus Pachyramphus Taxa Anabacerthia lichtensteini Anabacerthia leucophrusCichlocolaptes Synallaxis ruficapilla Synallaxis Phacellodomus Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus ferrugineigulaPhacellodomus Certhiaxis cinnamomeus validus Pachyramphus

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 402 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E E E AE AE VU E VU AE VU E GL BR SP Endemism VU W W A,D S,Wk ZUEC Source A,D,W A,P,Wk D,FNJV A,P,W,Wk A,XC,Wk* A,D,IAL,P,S A,D,J,W,Wk A,D,P,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,D,L,P,S,W,Wk A,D,P,XC,W,Wk L,P,W,Wk,ZUEC A,D,MZUSP,P,W A,D,FNJV,W,Wk A,D,IAL,P,S,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,P,S,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,J,P,S,W,WK VU B B B B B B B B 124 P Sk Sk Sk Sk P,V A,P,R A,P,V A,R,V 1234 A,R,V A,Sk,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V B124 A,P,R,V A,P,R,Sk B A,P,R,Sk B2 Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V B124 A,P,R,Sk,V B134 A,P,R,Sk,VA,P,R,Sk,V B B2 Gray-hooded Attila Gray-hooded Rufous-tailed Attila Rufous-tailed Flycatcher Piratic Swainson’s Flycatcher Swainson’s Flycatcher Short-crested Grayish Mourner Grayish Kiskadee Great Lesser Kiskadee Southern Beardless-TyrannuletSouthern Elaenia Yellow-bellied A,P,R,V Cliff Flycatcher Chilean Elaenia Elaenia Olivaceous Tyrannulet Planalto Tyrannulet Gray-capped Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant Fork-tailed Gray-hooded FlycatcherGray-hooded Tody-FlycatcherYellow-lored A,P,R,Sk,V A,P,R,Sk B B A,FNJV,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk,ZUEC White-throated Spadebill White-throated FlycatcherSepia-capped Flycatcher Yellow-olive Common Tody-Flycatcher A,P,R,Sk,V B4 Bare-throated Bellbird Bare-throated Tody-Tyrant Eye-ringed Ochre-faced Tody-flycatcherOchre-faced R,V Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Red-ruffed English name English Attila rufusAttila Attila phoenicurusAttila Legatus leucophaius Myiarchus swainsoni Myiarchus ferox Myiarchus Rhytipterna simplex sulphuratus Pitangus Philohydor lictor Philohydor Camptostoma obsoletum Camptostoma flavogaster Elaenia Tyrannidae (33) Tyrannidae ferrugineaHirundinea chilensis Elaenia mesoleuca Elaenia fasciatus Phyllomyias griseocapilla Phyllomyias Hemitriccus furcatus Hemitriccus Rhynchocyclidae (8) Rhynchocyclidae rufiventris Mionectes poliocephalum Todirostrum Platyrinchidae (1) Platyrinchidae mystaceus Platyrinchus Leptopogon amaurocephalus sulphurescens Tolmomyias cinereum Todirostrum Cotingidae (2) nudicollis Procnias orbitatus Hemitriccus Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps Poecilotriccus Pyroderus scutatus Pyroderus Taxa

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 403 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E GL BR SP Endemism Wk Wk Wk Source Wk,XC A,S,Wk A,W,Wk FNJV,W A,D,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk D,P,W,Wk MZUSP,W A,D,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk A,P,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,IAL,S,W,Wk S,W,Wk,ZUEC A,D,IAL,S,W,Wk A,D,IAL,P,S,W,Wk A,D,IAL,P,S,W,Wk A,D,P,W,Wk,ZUEC D,FNJV,MZUSP,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,IAL,L,S,W,Wk B B B B B B B B B B 12 234 P P P R Sk P,R P,V P,V A,P,V A,P,V A,P,V A,P,V A,P,V A,P,Sk P,Sk,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,Sk B1234 A,P,Sk,V B Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V A,P,R,Sk,VA,P,R,Sk,V B1234 B A,P,R,Sk,V B A,P,R,Sk,V B A,P,R,Sk,V B Euler’s Flycatcher Euler’s Fuscous Flycatcher Fuscous Peewee Tropical Tyrant Spectacled Cattle Tyrant Flycatcher Streaked Flycatcher Social Flycatcher Variegated Flycatcher Three-striped Long-tailed Tyrant White-headed Marsh-Tyrant P,V Boat-billed Flycatcher Kingbird Tropical Flycatcher Fork-tailed Flycatcher Bran-colored Flycatcher Vermilion Water-Tyrant Masked English name English Tyrant Yellow-browed Rufous-browed PeppershrikeRufous-browed Vireo Red-eyed A,P,V Azure Jay Azure Curl-crested Jay Curl-crested Blue-and-white Swallow Blue-and-white White-thighed Swallow Rough-winged Southern Swallow Martin Grey-breasted Swallow Barn Lathrotriccus euleri Lathrotriccus Cnemotriccus fuscatus Contopus cinereus perspicillatus Hymenops Machetornis rixosa maculatus Myiodynastes similis Myiozetetes varius Empidonomus Conopias trivirgatus Colonia colonus leucocephala Arundinicola Megarynchus pitangua melancholicus Tyrannus savana Tyrannus fasciatus Myiophobus rubinus Pyrocephalus nengeta Fluvicola Taxa icterophrys Satrapa Vireonidae (2) Vireonidae gujanensis Cyclarhis olivaceus Vireo Corvidae (2) caeruleus Cyanocorax Cyanocorax cristatellus Cyanocorax Hirundinidae (5) Hirundinidae cyanoleuca Pygochelidon Atticora tibialis Atticora ruﬁcollisStelgidopteryx chalybea Progne rusticaHirundo

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 404 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E NT GL BR SP Endemism A D W A,W D,W D,Wk Source A,S,Wk A,D,S,Wk A,P,S,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk* A,D,IAL,Wk A,D,IAL,L,W,Wk A,D,IAL,P,S,W,Wk A,D,IAL,P,S,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,P,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,S,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,L,P,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk B B B B B 12 A Sk P,V P,V A,Sk A,P,V A,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,R,V A,P,Sk,V B Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V B A,P,R,Sk,V B A,P,R,Sk,V B1 A,FNJV,IAL,L,MZUSP,P,S,XC,W,Wk A,P,R,Sk,V B1234 A,D,FNJV,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk,ZUEC A,P,R,Sk,V B1234 A,P,R,Sk,VA,P,R,Sk,V B24 A,P,R,Sk,V B14 B A,P,R,Sk,V B Red-rumped Cacique Red-rumped Chopi Blackbird Unicolored Blackbird Unicolored Southern House-Wren Southern Long-billed Gnatwren Long-billed Wren Donacobius Black-capped Rufous-collared Sparrow Rufous-collared Parula Tropical Warbler Blackpoll Yellowthroat Masked Warbler Golden-crowned Warbler River Neotropical A,P,R,Sk,V B A,D,MZUSP,XC,W,Wk,ZUEC Yellowish Pipit Yellowish White-necked Thrush MockingbirdChalk-browed P,V Eastern Slaty Thrush Eastern Slaty English name English Thrush Yellow-legged Thrush Rufous-bellied Thrush Creamy-bellied Pale-breasted Thrush Pale-breasted Icteridae (7) Icteridae haemorrhous Cacicus chopi Gnorimopsar Agelasticus cyanopus Agelasticus Troglodytidae (2) Troglodytidae musculus Troglodytes (1) Polioptilidae Ramphocaenus melanurus Cantorchilus longirostris Cantorchilus (1) Donacobiidae atricapilla Donacobius Passerellidae (1) Passerellidae capensis Zonotrichia (5) Parulidae pitiayumi Setophaga striata Setophaga aequinoctialis Geothlypis Basileuterus culicivorus rivularis Myiothlypis Motacillidae (1) Motacillidae lutescens Anthus Turdus albicollis Turdus (1) Mimidae saturninus Mimus Turdus subalaris Turdus Taxa (6) Turdidae ﬂavipes Turdus ruﬁventris Turdus amaurochalinus Turdus Turdus leucomelas Turdus

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 405 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E E E E E E E E E AE GL BR SP Endemism W Wk Wk Wk S,W D,Wk W,Wk D,S,W Source P,W,Wk D,S,Wk D,S,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk A,D,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk A,D,P,S,W,Wk MZUSP,P,W,Wk A,MZUSP,W,Wk A,D,IAL,S,W,Wk A,D,IAL,S,W,Wk D,MZUSP,W,Wk A,MZUSP,S,W,Wk A,D,MZUSP,P,W,Wk A,L,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk A,D,FNJV,L,P,S,W,Wk A,D,IAL,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk B P P P P P Sk P,V P,V P,V P,Sk P,Sk P,Sk,V P,Sk,V A,P,R,V B1234 A,P,Sk,V 2 A,P,Sk,V B A,P,Sk,V B A,P,Sk,V 1234 Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V B1 A,D,FNJV,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk,ZUEC A,P,R,Sk,VA,P,R,Sk,V B234 A,P,R,Sk,V B B A,P,R,Sk,V B A,P,R,Sk,VA,P,R,Sk,V 34 BA,P,R,Sk,VA,P,R,Sk,V A,D,IAL,L,MZUSP,P,S,W,Wk 124 B Chestnut-capped Blackbird English name English Cowbird Giant Green-headed Tanager Green-headed Red-necked Tanager Red-necked Tanager Sayaca Tanager Azure-shouldered Tanager Palm TanagerGolden-chevroned A,P,R,Sk,V 1234 Shiny Cowbird Shiny Black-backed Tanager Black-backed Tanager Burnished-buff Black-goggled Tanager Black-goggled Red-crested Finch Red-crested Flame-crested Tanager Flame-crested White-browed Blackbird White-browed Fawn-breasted Tanager Fawn-breasted Chestnut-headed Tanager Olive-green Tanager Olive-green Bananaquit Saltator Thick-billed Tanager Orange-headed Tanager Ruby-crowned Tanager Brazilian Swallow Tanager Swallow Blue Dacnis Blue Green Honeycreeper Green Rufous-headed Tanager Rufous-headed Bicolored Conebill Bicolored Chrysomus ruficapillus Taxa oryzivorusMolothrus Tangara seledon Tangara Tangara cyanocephala Tangara sayaca Tangara cyanoptera Tangara palmarum Tangara ornata Tangara Molothrus bonariensis Molothrus Tangara peruviana Tangara cayana Tangara Lanio melanops Lanio cucullatus Lanio cristatus Sturnella superciliaris Sturnella Pipraeidea melanonota Pipraeidea Pyrrhocoma ruficepsPyrrhocoma Mitrospingidae (1) Mitrospingidae Orthogonys chloricterus Thraupidae (30) flaveola Coereba fuliginosus Saltator Thlypopsis sordida coronatus Tachyphonus Ramphocelus bresilius Tersina viridis Tersina Dacnis cayana Dacnis Chlorophanes spiza Chlorophanes Hemithraupis ruficapilla Hemithraupis Conirostrum bicolor

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 406 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E E VU GL BR SP Endemism W W Wk Wk D,S D,W S,Wk A,Wk Source D,S,Wk W,ZUEC A,P,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,S,W,Wk A,D,IAL,S,W,Wk A,D,L,S,W,Wk,ZUEC B B B B P P P Sk Sk A,P A,P A,Sk A,P,V A,P,V P,Sk,V A,P,Sk,V B A,P,Sk,V B Evidence Elevation A,P,R,Sk,V B12 Saffron Finch Saffron Grassquit Blue-black Seedeater Temminck’s Lined Seedeater Hooded Siskin Hooded Double-collared Seedeater Double-collared Grosbeak Ultramarine English name English Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch Grassquit Sooty Ant-Tanager P,V Red-crowned Grosbeak Glaucous-blue A,P,R,Sk,V B1234 A,D,MZUSP,P,W,Wk,ZUEC Purple-throated Euphonia Purple-throated Violaceous Euphonia Violaceous Chestnut-bellied Euphonia Chlorophonia Blue-naped A,P,R,Sk,VCommon Waxbill B1234 Sparrow House A,D,FNJV,MZSUP,P,S,XC,W,Wk Sicalis flaveola Sicalis jacarina Volatinia falcirostris Sporophila lineola Sporophila Fringillidae (5) Fringillidae magellanica Sporagra Sporophila caerulescens Sporophila brissonii Cyanoloxia Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea Cyanoloxia Taxa angolensis Sporophila fuliginosus Tiaris (3) Cardinalidae rubica Habia Euphonia chlorotica Euphonia Euphonia violacea Euphonia Euphonia pectoralis Euphonia cyanea Chlorophonia Estrildidae (1) astrild Estrilda (1) Passeridae domesticus Passer

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 407 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira E EE x x E E E CR EN VU E x DD J A NT A A A A A NT A D D D D D D D D D D W W FO FO FO A,D A,D A,W A,D,P,W ? 1 2 1 B B B B B B B B B 123 APPENDIX II APPENDIX ? ? A A A A A A A A V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V A,V Evidence Elevation Source GL BR SP Endemism BBS Spot-winged Wood-Quail Spot-winged Booby Brown Tataupa Tinamou Tataupa English name English Black Hawk-Eagle Black Scarlet Ibis Swallow-tailed Kite Swallow-tailed Kite Plumbeous Hawk Mantled Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Black-and-white Plovercrest Hummingbird Gilded White-tailed Goldenthroat Scissor-tailed Nightjar Swift Lesser Swallow-tailed Hermit Rufous-breasted Hermit Planalto Hermit Scale-throated Rufous Nightjar Rufous Mottled Owl Mottled Least Pygmy-Owl Poorwill Ocellated Yellow-billed Cuckoo Yellow-billed Greater Yellowlegs Greater Tern Arctic Pigeon Plumbeous Rusty-barred Owl Rusty-barred Black-capped Screech-Owl Black-capped Odontophorus capueira leucogaster Sula Crypturellus tataupa Crypturellus Taxa Spizaetus tyrannus Spizaetus Eudocimus ruber Eudocimus Elanoides forﬁcatus Elanoides plumbea Ictinia polionotus Pseudastur Spizaetus melanoleucus Spizaetus Stephanoxis lalandi Stephanoxis chrysura Hylocharis guainumbi Polytmus Hydropsalis torquata Hydropsalis cayennensis Panyptila hirsutus Glaucis Phaethornis pretrei Phaethornis eurynome Antrostomus rufus Antrostomus Strix virgata Strix minutissimum Glaucidium ocellatus Nyctiphrynus Coccyzus americanus Tringa melanoleuca Tringa paradisaea Sterna plumbea Patagioenas Strix hylophila Strix Megascops atricapilla Megascops List of 90 undocumented bird species recorded within the municipality of Bertioga, São Paulo, Brazil. Abbreviations are according to Appendix I. BBS = Boraceia Biological I. BBS = Boraceia Biological to Appendix according are Abbreviations Brazil. Paulo, within the municipality of Bertioga, São species recorded List of 90 undocumented bird personal records. Olmos’ FO = Fabio Brazil. Paulo, São municipality of Salesópolis, Station,

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 408 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira x x x EE x E x E x x E x E x E x E E x E x E x CR VU NT NTNT E E x x NT J A A A D D D D D D D D D NT D D D D D D D D D D A,D A,D D,W D,W A,D,P D,Wk A,D,W A,D,W B B B B B B 1234 A A A A A A V V V V V V V V P,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,V Evidence Elevation Source GL BR SP Endemism BBS Sharp-billed Treehunter Sharp-billed Foliage-gleaner Buff-browed Spinetail Pale-breasted Spinetail Pallid Tyrant-manakin Serra White-collared Foliage-gleanerWhite-collared A,V English name English Fairy Black-eared Wing-banded Hornero Wing-banded Streamcreeper Sharp-tailed Olivaceous Woodcreeper Olivaceous Scaled Woodcreeper Short-tailed AntthrushShort-tailed Cryptic Antthrush Speckled-breasted Antpitta Speckled-breasted Rufous-tailed Antbird Rufous-tailed Antbird Ochre-rumped Antbird Dusky-tailed Antpitta Variegated Ferrugineous Antbird Ferrugineous Tufted Antshrike Tufted White-eared Puffbird White-eared Toucanet Saffron White Woodpecker Woodpecker Green-barred Laughing Falcon Antshrike Barred Antshrike Rufous-capped Antshrike Slaty Planalto Antshrike Giant Large-tailed Antshrike Mealy Parrot Mealy Heliobletus contaminatus Heliobletus rufosuperciliata Syndactyla albescens Synallaxis pallida Cranioleuca chrysolophum Neopelma Anabazenops fuscus Anabazenops Taxa auritus Heliothryx Furnarius figulus Furnarius Lochmias nematura Sittasomus griseicapillus Sittasomus Lepidocolaptes squamatus Chamaeza campanisona Chamaeza meruloides Hylopezus nattereri Hylopezus Drymophila genei Drymophila ochropyga Drymophila malura varia Grallaria Drymophila ferruginea Mackenziaena severa Mackenziaena Nystalus chacuru Nystalus bailloni Pteroglossus candidus Melanerpes Colaptes melanochloros cachinnans Herpetotheres Thamnophilus doliatus Thamnophilus ruficapillus Thamnophilus pelzelni cinerea Batara leachii Mackenziaena Amazona farinosa Amazona

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014 Continued bird surveys in southeastern coastal Brazilian Atlantic forests and the importance of conserving elevational gradients 409 Vagner Cavarzere, Thiago Vernaschi Vieira da Costa, Giulyana Althmann Benedicto, Luciano Moreira-Lima and Luís Fábio Silveira x x x x x x x x E E E E x E x E x VU E NT NT E x A NT A A D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D DD NT W W NT A,D A,W D,W D,Wk A,D,W A,D,Wk A,D,Wk 2 B B B B B B 23 124 A,D,P,W NT 234 A,D,W,Wk ? ? A A A A A A V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V P,V P,V A,V A,V A,V A,V A,P,V A,P,V Evidence Elevation Source GL BR SP Endemism BBS Hangnest Tody-Tyrant Hangnest Tyrannulet Rough-legged Boat-billed Flycatcher Oustalet’s Tyrannulet Oustalet’s Tody-flycatcher Ochre-faced Tody-Tyrant Eye-ringed Elaenia Highland Tyrannulet Mouse-coloured Flycatcher Brown-crested Sirystes Brown-chested Martin Brown-chested Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Mottle-cheeked Peppershrike Rufous-browed Greenlet Rufous-crowned Chestnut-crowned Becard Chestnut-crowned Antpipit Southern Flycatcher Three-striped Black-Tyrant Velvety English name English Manakin Pin-tailed Becard Green-backed Tyrannulet Paulo Sao Tyrant Grey Shear-tailed Diademed Tanager Diademed Burnished-buff Tanager Burnished-buff Grass-Finch Wedge-tailed White-rumped Swallow Cacique Golden-winged Chopi Blackbird Saltator Green-winged Tanager Brown Tanager Brassy-breasted White-browed Warbler White-browed Hemitriccus nidipendulus Hemitriccus burmeisteri Tyranniscus Megarynchus pitangua Phylloscartes oustaleti plumbeiceps Poecilotriccus orbitatus Hemitriccus obscura Elaenia murina Phaeomyias tyrannulus Myiarchus Sirystes sibilator Progne tapera Progne Phylloscartes ventralis gujanensis Cyclarhis poicilotis Hylophilus Pachyramphus castaneus Pachyramphus Corythopis delalandi Conopias trivirgatus Knipolegus nigerrimus Taxa militaris Ilicura viridis Pachyramphus Phylloscartes paulista vetula Muscipipra Stephanophorus diadematus Stephanophorus Tangara cayana Tangara herbicola Emberizoides Tachycineta leucorrhoa Tachycineta chrysopterusCacicus chopi Gnorimopsar similis Saltator abeillei Orchesticus desmaresti Tangara Myiothlypis leucoblephara Myiothlypis

Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 22(4), 2014