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Lista Roja de las Aves del Uruguay 1 Lista Roja de las Aves del Uruguay Una evaluación del estado de conservación de la avifauna nacional con base en los criterios de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Adrián B. Azpiroz, Laboratorio de Genética de la Conservación, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318 (CP 11600), Montevideo ([email protected]). Matilde Alfaro, Asociación Averaves & Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225 (CP 11400), Montevideo ([email protected]). Sebastián Jiménez, Proyecto Albatros y Petreles-Uruguay, Centro de Investigación y Conservación Marina (CICMAR), Avenida Giannattasio Km 30.5. (CP 15008) Canelones, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Recursos Pelágicos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos, Constituyente 1497 (CP 11200), Montevideo ([email protected]). Cita sugerida: Azpiroz, A.B., M. Alfaro y S. Jiménez. 2012. Lista Roja de las Aves del Uruguay. Una evaluación del estado de conservación de la avifauna nacional con base en los criterios de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Dirección Nacional de Medio Ambiente, Montevideo. Descargo de responsabilidad El contenido de esta publicación es responsabilidad de los autores y no refleja necesariamente las opiniones o políticas de la DINAMA ni de las organizaciones auspiciantes y no comprometen a estas instituciones. Las denominaciones empleadas y la forma en que aparecen los datos no implica de parte de DINAMA, ni de las organizaciones auspiciantes o de los autores, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades, personas, organizaciones, zonas o de sus autoridades, ni sobre la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. Los contenidos de la presente publicación no tienen fines comerciales y pueden ser reproducidos haciendo referencia explícita a la fuente. © A. Azpiroz, M. Alfaro y S. Jiménez 2012 Diseño gráfico y maquetado: Rodrigo Cañadas - 098 988 507 ISBN 978-9974-8259-2-5 Impreso en Noviembre de 2012 en Gráfica Mosca, Montevideo Depósito Legal 359.866 Fotos tapa (de derecha a izquierda): Federal, Albatros Errante, Tijereta de las Pajas, Cardenal Amarillo, Loica Pampeana, Albatros Pico Amarillo, Burrito Plomizo. Autores: Sebastián Jiménez (Albatros Errante y Albatros Pico Amarillo), Ramón Moller Jensen (Tijereta de las Pajas) y Adrián Azpiroz (todas las demás). Fotos contratapa (de derecha a izquierda): Playero Rojizo, Gaviota Cangrejera, Pingüino de Magallanes, Dragón, Capuchino Corona Gris, Espartillero Pampeano, Ratonera Aperdizada. Autor: Adrián Azpiroz. Auspician esta publicación Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación Karumbé Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Asociación Averaves Centro de Investigación y Conservación Marina Proyecto Albatros y Petreles, Centro de Investigación y Conservación Marina Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos Proyecto Producción Responsable, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas de Uruguay Instituto de Conservación Neotropical Sociedad Zoológica del Uruguay Vida Silvestre Uruguay Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Sumario Resumen /Abstract ..................................................................................... 7 Prólogos DINAMA / UICN ........................................................................... 8 Introducción ................................................................................................ 11 Aspectos Metodológicos ............................................................................... 12 Resultados y Discusión .............................................................................. 17 Conclusiones .................................................................................................. 20 Créditos y Agradecimientos ........................................................................ 21 Referencias .................................................................................................. 22 Apéndice 1: Lista Roja de Aves del Uruguay ............................................. 29 Apéndice 2: Justificaciones y Documentación ......................................... 49 Glosario y Definiciones ................................................................................ 71 Índice ............................................................................................................... 73 Resumen / Abstract Resumen Abstract Las poblaciones de aves a nivel mundial enfrentan Bird populations around the world currently face actualmente numerosas amenazas, las cuales numerous threats that have already resulted in the han provocado la extinción de muchas especies extinction of a substantial number of species and o son responsables de que muchas otras estén are responsible for the threatened status of many amenazadas. Determinar cuáles especies son más others. In order to establish e!ective conservation susceptibles a estos problemas y por ende corren and management measures, it is very important to mayor riesgo de extinción, es muy importante determine which species are more susceptible to para poder implementar medidas efectivas de these problems, and thus, face a higher extinction conservación y manejo. El objetivo del trabajo risk. The objective of this work was to evaluate fue evaluar a todas las aves del país con respecto all the birds of Uruguay against the Red List a las categorías y criterios de las listas rojas de la categories and criteria of the International Union Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This resulted Naturaleza (UICN). Como resultado se obtuvo una in a systematic classification of the conservation clasificación sistemática del estado de conservación status of Uruguayan birds through the application of de las aves uruguayas mediante la aplicación de international standardized methods that are widely metodologías internacionales estandarizadas y del used in the field of biodiversity conservation. uso generalizado en el ámbito de la conservación de la diversidad biológica. Of a total of 458 taxa that were evaluated (that represent 453 species) 46 were identified De los 458 taxones evaluados (representando as threatened including: 31 Vulnerable, 12 a 453 especies), 46 fueron identificados como Endangered and 2 Critically Endangered birds. amenazados, discriminados de la siguiente manera: Another 28 species were classified as Near 31 Vulnerables, 12 En Peligro y dos En Peligro Threatened. The evaluation also identified two Crítico. Además otros 28 fueron clasificados como Regionally Extinct birds (i.e., there are no extant Casi Amenazados. La evaluación también incluye Uruguayan populations), 10 Data Deficient (i.e., dos especies Extintas a Nivel Regional (i.e. se asume more information is needed to determine their que ya no existen poblaciones en el Uruguay), 10 conservation status) and 290 Least Concern species especies Deficientes de Datos (i.e., es necesaria (i.e., birds that do not face significant conservation más información para determinar su estado con problems at the moment). Finally, following conservación) y 290 de Preocupación Menor (i.e., IUCN guidelines, the categories and criteria were aves que por el momento no enfrentan problemas de not applied to 83 species that are either casual, conservación significativos). Finalmente, siguiendo introduced or whose presence has only recently been los lineamientos de UICN, las categorías y criterios confirmed within the country. de la Lista Roja no fueron aplicados en 83 especies por tratarse de aves ocasionales, introducidas o The Uruguayan Red List of Birds can serve as a recientemente descubiertas en el país. valuable tool to determine conservation priority species, to identify priority sites (both in public and Se espera que la Lista Roja de Aves de Uruguay private lands), to evaluate activities that generate pueda ser útil como una herramienta para la environmental impacts or to design new national definición de especies de prioridad de conservación, strategies to combine the economic development of la identificación de sitios prioritarios para la natural resources with wildlife conservation. conservación (tanto en áreas públicas como privadas), la evaluación de actividades que generan impactos ambientales o la formulación de políticas nacionales que promuevan la conjugación de la actividad productiva con la conservación de la vida silvestre. Lista Roja de las Aves del Uruguay 9 Prólogo DINAMA Uruguay protagoniza actualmente uno de sus los esfuerzos de conservación de los gobiernos, periodos históricos de crecimiento económico más organizaciones no gubernamentales e instituciones dinámico y persistente, hecho que ha facilitado el científicas. Estas listas representan los inventarios de acceso a mejores condiciones de vida a amplios mayor reconocimiento internacional sobre el riesgo sectores de la población, particularmente a aquellos de extinción de seres vivos. En las últimas décadas históricamente mas desfavorecidos. Estos procesos la iniciativa ha crecido en tamaño y complejidad y de crecimiento acelerado no son ajenos a una actualmente juega un papel cada vez más importante intensificación en el uso de los recursos naturales y movilizando a la comunidad científica internacional a nuevas y mayores presiones sobre los ecosistemas, para generar lo que es probablemente el cúmulo factor esencial de la vitalidad natural de nuestro de conocimiento más completo sobre la biología
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