Bob Marley – Wikipédia, a Enciclopédia Livre

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Bob Marley – Wikipédia, a Enciclopédia Livre Bob Marley – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Marley&printable=yes Bob Marley Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Robert Nesta Marley , mais conhecido como Bob Marley (Nine Mile, 6 de fevereiro de 1945 — Miami, Bob Marley 11 de maio de 1981), foi um cantor, guitarrista e compositor jamaicano, o mais conhecido músico de reggae de todos os tempos, famoso por popularizar o gênero. Marley já vendeu mais de 75 milhões de discos.1 A maior parte do seu trabalho lidava com os problemas dos pobres e oprimidos. Levou, através de sua música, o movimento rastafári e suas ideias de paz, irmandade, igualdade social, libertação, resistência, liberdade e amor universal ao mundo. A música de Marley foi fortemente influenciada pelas questões sociais e políticas de sua terra natal, fazendo com que considerassem-no a voz do povo negro, pobre e oprimido da Jamaica. A África e seus problemas como a miséria, guerras e domínio europeu também foram Bob Marley durante apresentação em Estocolmo no dia 19 de junho centro de assunto de suas músicas, por tratar-se da terra de 1978. sagrada do movimento rastafári. Informação geral Hoje pode ser considerado o primeiro e maior astro Nome completo Robert Nesta Marley musical do Terceiro Mundo e a maior voz deste. Suas Também Rei do Reggae músicas mais conhecidas são " I Shot the Sheriff "," No conhecido(a) Woman, No Cry"," Could You Be Loved "," Stir It Up como "," Get Up, Stand Up "," Jamming "," Redemption Song Nascimento 6 de Fevereiro de 1945 "," One Love/People Get Ready "e," Three Little Birds Nine Mile, Saint Ann ", e tambem lançamentos póstumos como " Buffalo Jamaica Soldier "e" Iron Lion Zion ". A coletânea Legend, Data de morte 11 de maio de 1981 (36 anos) lançada três anos após sua morte e que reúne algumas Miami, Flórida músicas de álbuns do artista, é o álbum de reggae mais Estados Unidos vendido da história. Bob foi casado com Rita Marley de Gênero(s) Reggae, ska, rocksteady 1966 até a morte, uma das I Threes, que passaram a Instrumento(s) Guitarra, violão, percussão cantar com os Wailers depois que eles alcançaram sucesso internacional. Ela foi mãe de quatro de seus Período em 1962 - 1981 doze filhos (dois deles adotados), os renomados Ziggy e atividade Stephen Marley, que continuam o legado musical de seu Gravadora(s) Studio One, Beverley's, pai na banda Melody Makers. Outros de seus filhos, Upsetter/Trojan, Island/Tuff Gong Kymani Marley, Julian Marley e Damian Marley (vulgo Afiliação(ões) The Wailers, Bob Marley & The Jr. Gong ) também seguiram carreira musical. Foi eleito Wailers, I Threes, The Upsetters, Lee pela revista Rolling Stone o 11º maior artista da música Scratch Perry 2 de todos os tempos. Página oficial Site Oficial (http://www.bobmarley.com) Índice 1 Juventude 2 Carreira musical 1 de 11 13/09/2013 23:33 Bob Marley – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Marley&printable=yes 2.1 A jornada 2.2 Tiroteio e a violência eleitoral 2.3 A continuação da jornada musical 3 A descoberta do câncer e a batalha contra a doença 3.1 Diagnóstico 3.2 Colapso e tratamento 3.3 Morte 4 Reputação póstuma 5 Convicções políticas e religiosas 5.1 Controvérsia sobre o local do túmulo 6 Prêmios e honrarias 7 Discografia 7.1 Álbuns de estúdio 7.2 Álbuns ao vivo 8 Videografia 9 Referências 10 Bibliografia 11 Ver também 12 Ligações externas Juventude Bob Marley nasceu em 6 de fevereiro de 1945 em Saint Ann, no interior da Jamaica, filho de Norval Sinclair Marley, um militar branco, capitão do exército inglês e Cedella Booker, uma adolescente negra vinda do norte do país. Cedella e Norval estavam de casamento marcado para 9 de julho de 1944. No dia seguinte ao seu casamento, Norval abandonou-a, porém continuou dando apoio financeiro para sua mulher e filho. Raramente os via, pois estava constantemente viajando. Após a morte de Norval em 1955, Cedella Booker casou-se com Toddy Livingstone, também de Saint Ann, e mudou-se com Marley para Trenchtown , a maior e mais miserável favela de Kingston, onde o garoto era provocado e rejeitado pelos negros locais por ser mulato e ter baixa estatura. Bob teve uma juventude muito difícil, e isso o ajudou a ter personalidade e um ponto de vista bastante crítico sobre os problemas sociais. Carreira musical A jornada Quando foi morar em Trenchtown, o garotinho Bob já tinha uma ligação forte com a música. Ele e seu amigo Bunny, filho do homem com quem a mãe de Bob havia casado ainda em Saint Ann improvisavam guitarras feitas de lata e acompanhavam os sucessos vindos da América, particularmente de New Orleans, sintonizados em um mini-rádio transistorizado. Eles captavam Ray Charles, Fats Domino, Brook Benton (um dos preferidos de Marley) e grupos como os Drifters, que eram muito Casa de Marley em Nine Mile, que ele dividia com populares na Jamaica. sua mãe. Nesta época, a juventude jamaicana fervia com esta gama variada de R&B americanos, mas ter um rádio transistor para captar a nova onda era luxo, por isto nomes como Coxsone Dodd, Leslie Kong e outros, ficaram famosos por seus Sound Systems (sistemas de som), normalmente um furgão equipado com aparelhagem suficiente para fazer a rapaziada se animar com os últimos sucessos chegados dos EUA nas 2 de 11 13/09/2013 23:33 Bob Marley – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Marley&printable=yes ruas dos guetos. Por volta do início dos anos 60, o movimento R&B começou a decair nos Estados Unidos e tornou-se difícil a aquisição de discos para satisfazer a dieta insaciável de lançamentos que o povo jamaicano exigia. Os donos dos Sound Systems se viram então obrigados a investir no talento dos músicos locais. Começava-se a desenvolver nesta época na ilha, uma música que incorporava as tradições musicais jamaicanas com influências do R&B e das Big Bands, resultando no vibrante e agitado som do Ska. A independência da Jamaica em 1962, deixando de ser uma colônia britânica, ajudou a compôr o momento de criação de uma música originalmente jamaicana. Os donos de Sound Systems tornaram-se então produtores. Alugavam algum estúdio de duas pistas, descobriam algum rapaz que tivesse o talento de cantar suas emoções vividas nos guetos de Kingston, e faziam discos de Ska. Quando Bob Marley deixou a escola aos 14 anos, parecia ter apenas uma ambição: a música. Mas, muito para agradar sua mãe, que temia que ele se tornasse um rude boy (como são conhecidos os delinqüentes juvenis na Jamaica), Bob arranjou um emprego de soldador. Passava suas horas livres ao lado de Bunny aperfeiçoando suas habilidades vocais. Eles eram ajudados por um dos mais célebres habitantes de Trenchtown na época, o cantor Joe Higgs, que dava aulas informais de canto para artistas aspirantes que estivessem interessados em aperfeiçoar suas habilidades. Foi Apartamento de Bob Marley em Londres, numa destas sessões que Bob e Bunny Wailer conheceram Peter onde ele viveu em 1972. Tosh, outro jovem com grande ambição na música. Em 1962 Bob fez uma audiência para o produtor Leslie Kong, que veio a bancar suas primeiras gravações. "Judge Not", de composição de Marley, foi a primeira. Apesar de as músicas gravadas não terem sido executadas nas rádios e chamado pouca atenção do público, só vieram confirmar a ambição de Marley de se tornar cantor. No ano seguinte, Bob decidiu que o caminho a seguir seria montar um grupo. Se juntou com seus amigos Bunny Wailer e Peter Tosh para formar os "Wailing Wailers". Os garotos escolheram este nome à banda porque diziam que, ao nascer no gueto, nasciam a lamentar, e "wail" signifca "lamentar". O novo grupo tinha um mentor: o percussionista rastafári chamado Alvin Patterson, que apresentou os garotos para o produtor Coxsone Dodd. No verão de 1963, Coxsone ouviu os Wailing Wailers e, satisfeito com o som do grupo, resolveu gravá-los e os pôr pra valer nas paradas jamaicanas. Os Wailing Wailers finalizaram seu primeiro single, "Simmer Down" através do selo de Coxsone, durante as últimas semanas de 1963. Já em janeiro do ano seguinte era a primeira nas paradas jamaicanas, e se manteve nesta posição durante os próximos dois meses. O grupo, Bob, Bunny e Peter juntamente com outro cantor, Junior Braithwaite e mais duas backing vocals, Berverly Kelso e Cherry Smith, eram a grande novidade no cenário jamaicano. "Simmer Down" causou grande sensação na ilha e os Wailing Wailers começaram a gravar com regularidade para o lendário Studio One de Coxsone Dodd. O grupo agora criava novos temas se indentificando com os Rude Boys das ruas de Kingston. A música jamaicana finalmente tinha uma identidade e alguém que falava a mais pura linguagem do gueto. Nos anos seguintes, a banda de Marley colocou mais alguns hits nas paradas da ilha, o que estabeleceu a popularidade do grupo mas, apesar disto as dificuldades econômicas que atravessavam fez com que Junior Braithwaite, Berverly Kelso e Cherry Smith deixassem a banda. Além disso, a mãe de Marley havia se 3 de 11 13/09/2013 23:33 Bob Marley – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre http://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Marley&printable=yes casado novamente e se mudado para Delaware, nos Estados Unidos, aonde economizou algum dinheiro para mandar uma passagem de avião para o jovem Marley, naquela altura com 20 anos. A intenção da mãe de Bob era que lá ele começasse uma nova vida. Antes de se mudar para a América do Norte, ele conheceu uma jovem chamada Rita Anderson, e no dia 10 de fevereiro de 1966 casaram-se.
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