Action for the Chequered Skipper Butterfly
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Self-Repair and Self-Cleaning of the Lepidopteran Proboscis
Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 8-2019 Self-Repair and Self-Cleaning of the Lepidopteran Proboscis Suellen Floyd Pometto Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Pometto, Suellen Floyd, "Self-Repair and Self-Cleaning of the Lepidopteran Proboscis" (2019). All Dissertations. 2452. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2452 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SELF-REPAIR AND SELF-CLEANING OF THE LEPIDOPTERAN PROBOSCIS A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy ENTOMOLOGY by Suellen Floyd Pometto August 2019 Accepted by: Dr. Peter H. Adler, Major Advisor and Committee Co-Chair Dr. Eric Benson, Committee Co-Chair Dr. Richard Blob Dr. Patrick Gerard i ABSTRACT The proboscis of butterflies and moths is a key innovation contributing to the high diversity of the order Lepidoptera. In addition to taking nectar from angiosperm sources, many species take up fluids from overripe or sound fruit, plant sap, animal dung, and moist soil. The proboscis is assembled after eclosion of the adult from the pupa by linking together two elongate galeae to form one tube with a single food canal. How do lepidopterans maintain the integrity and function of the proboscis while foraging from various substrates? The research questions included whether lepidopteran species are capable of total self- repair, how widespread the capability of self-repair is within the order, and whether the repaired proboscis is functional. -
State of Nature in the Peak District What We Know About the Key Habitats and Species of the Peak District
Nature Peak District State of Nature in the Peak District What we know about the key habitats and species of the Peak District Penny Anderson 2016 On behalf of the Local Nature Partnership Contents 1.1 The background .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 The need for a State of Nature Report in the Peak District ............................................................ 6 1.3 Data used ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 The knowledge gaps ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Background to nature in the Peak District....................................................................................... 8 1.6 Habitats in the Peak District .......................................................................................................... 12 1.7 Outline of the report ...................................................................................................................... 12 2 Moorlands .............................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1 Key points ..................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Nature and value .......................................................................................................................... -
Latvijas Universitātes Zinātniskie Raksti Acta Universitatis Latviensis
ISSN 1407-2157 Latvijas Universitātes Zinātniskie Raksti Acta Universitatis Latviensis 613 LATVIJAS PURVU VEĢETĀCIJAS KLASIFIKĀCIJA UN DINAMIKA Latvijas Universitāte Latvijas purvu veģetācijas klasifikācija un dinamika Zinātniskie raksti 613. sējums Rīga 1998 -) / Latvijas punu veģetācijas klasifikācija un dinamika: Zinātniskie raksti/Redkolēģija: V.Kreile, M.Laiviņš, A.Namatēva. Rīga: LU, 1998. 92 Ipp. Rakstu krājumā apkopoti pēdējo gadu Latvijas purvu un ezeru krastu veģetācijas pētījumu rezultāti. Analizēti Teicu purva veidošanās apstākļi pēc putekšņu diagrammām. Publicētas purvu augu sabiedrību sintaksonomijas shēmas un sinoptiskās tabulas. Pētījumu rezultātus var izmantot bioloģijas un ģeogrāfijas studenti un citi interesenti. Redakcijas kolēģija: Vija Kreile, Māris Laiviņš, Anita Namatēva © Teicu valsts rezervāts, 1998 PRIEKŠVĀRDS 1997.gada 20.-21.oktobri Teicu rezervātā notika seminārs "Purvu veģetācijas klasifikācija, kartēšana un aizsardzība Latvijā", kurā piedalījās Latvijas Universitātes Bioloģijas un Ģeogrāfijas un Zemes zinātņu fakultāšu, Valsts Ģeoloģijas dienesta, Latvijas Valsts Mežzinātnes institūta "Silava" un Teicu valsts rezervāta speciālisti. Latvijas lielākajā purvu masīvā Teicos notika ekspedīcijas semināra dalībnieku iepazīstināšanai ar sūnu purvu ciņu un lāmu, pārejas un zāļu purvu, ezeru aizaugšanas joslu un palienes pļavu veģetāciju 2 maršrutos: Stiebriņi Kurtavas ezers Šūmāna ezers un Silagals Tolkajas ezers Siksala Islienas ezers. Seminārā tika nolasīti 8 ziņojumi par purvu veģetācijas un floras pētījumiem dažādos Latvijas reģionos, demonstrētas kartes un sintaksonomijas shēmas. Šajā rakstu krājumā publicēti semināra materiāli. Semināra norisi un rakstu krājuma sagatavošanu atbalstīja LR Vides aizsardzības fonds un Teicu valsts rezervāts. SATURS M.Laiviņš. Latvijas ziedaugu un paparžaugu sabiedrību augstākie sintaksoni 7 M.Pakalne. Latvijas purvu veģetācijas raksturojums 23 A. Lācis, L.Kalniņa. Purvu uzbūve un attīstība Teicu valsts rezervātā 39 B.Bambe. Purvu veģetācijas dinamika Teicu rezervātā 56 S.Jermacāne. -
Mardon Skipper Site Management Plans
Mardon Skipper (Polites mardon) Site Management Plans Gifford Pinchot National Forest Service Cowlitz Valley Ranger District Prepared by John Jakubowski North Zone Wildlife Biologist Reviewed by Rich Hatfield, The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation October 2, 2015 Cowlitz Valley Ranger District Mardon Skipper Sites Group Meadow Longitude Latitude Area (acres) Elevation (ft.) Midway Midway 121 32.0 46 21.2 8 4,313 Midway PCT 121 31.1 46 21.1 2 4,530 Midway 115 Spur 121 30.9 46 21.0 3 4,494 Midway Grapefern 121 30.9 46 21.5 3 4,722 Midway 7A North 121 31.4 46 21.5 2 4,657 Midway 7A South 121 31.5 46 21.4 2 4,625 Midway 7A 121 31.1 46 21.4 7 4,676 Muddy Muddy 121 32.2 46.18.5 4 4,450 Muddy Lupine 121 31.8 46 18.7 3 4,398 Spring Cr Spring Cr. 121 33.5 46 20.4 unknown 3,900 Goal of the Management Plans Maintain and improve grassland/forb habitat at known occupancy meadow sites to ensure continued occupancy by mardon skipper butterfly as well as other important pollinator species such as western bumble bee. 1 Introduction On the Gifford Pinchot National Forest (GPNF), mardon skippers were first detected on the Mt. Adams Ranger District (MTA) in 2000 and on Cowlitz Valley Ranger District (CVRD) in 2002. Mardon skippers are known to inhabit ten, upland dry grassy meadows on the CVRD. Portions of the meadows are mesic and are unsuitable mardon skipper habitat. -
Managing Molinia? Proceedings of a 3-Day Conference 14-16 September 2015 in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK
Managing Molinia? Proceedings of a 3-day conference 14-16 September 2015 in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK. Edited by Roger Meade National Trust Molinia Conference organising committee at Marsden Moor Estate office. L-R: Alan Stopher, Craig Best, Roger Meade, Nick Pollett and Andrew Underdown. With assistance from Rob Henry, Alyssa Young and Frances DeGiorgio (not in picture). Cover image © Alan Stopher View towards Pule Hill north-eastwards from the route of the old turnpike. Redbrook reservoir is in the middle distance. This is one of the original canal reservoirs which is maintained by Canal & River Trust with the water supplying Yorkshire Water’s customers. A sailing club also uses the amenity. Molinia tussocks dominate the foreground. 2 ‘Managing Molinia’ Conference, 14-16 September 2015, Huddersfield, UK; National Trust, ed. R Meade To cut, or not to cut. A very straightforward question, but so much Foreword more succinct than the answer. This is the dilemma often faced by managers of land for nature conservation where the easiest solution is to just follow what others are doing. As a former habitat specialist for a statutory nature conservation body, I am familiar with the pressures to provide clear guidance and one I remember well is the popular belief that any trees on lowland raised bogs should be cut down and prevented from regrowth. While there is a case for adopting this principle in many situations there are those in which it is not necessary, and is even undesirable from other perspectives such as the trees’ contribution to the landscape. It means that the conservation land manager must not only be aware of the bare bones of the received wisdom, but also of the caveats that make it possible for him or her to arrive at a reasoned judgement for their specific situation. -
Habitat Indicator Species
1 Handout 6 – Habitat Indicator Species Habitat Indicator Species The species lists below are laid out by habitats and help you to find out which habitats you are surveying – you will see that some species occur in several different habitats. Key: * Plants that are especially good indicators of that specific habitat Plants found in Norfolk’s woodland Common Name Scientific Name Alder Buckthorn Frangula alnus Aspen Populus tremula Barren Strawberry Potentilla sterilis Bird Cherry Prunus padus Black Bryony Tamus communis Bush Vetch Vicia sepium Climbing Corydalis Ceratocapnos claviculata Common Cow-wheat Melampyrum pratense Early dog violet Viola reichenbachiana Early Purple Orchid Orchis mascula * English bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta* * Field Maple Acer campestre* Giant Fescue Festuca gigantea * Goldilocks buttercup Ranunculus auricomus* Great Wood-rush Luzula sylvatica Greater Burnet-saxifrage Pimpinella major Greater Butterfly-orchid Platanthera chlorantha Guelder Rose Viburnum opulus Hairy Wood-rush Luzula pilosa Hairy-brome Bromopsis ramosa Hard Fern Blechnum spicant Hard Shield-fern Polystichum aculeatum * Hart's-tongue Phyllitis scolopendrium* Holly Ilex aquifolium * Hornbeam Carpinus betulus* * Midland Hawthorn Crataegus laevigata* Moschatel Adoxa moschatellina Narrow Buckler-fern Dryopteris carthusiana Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium * Pendulous Sedge Carex Pendula* Pignut Conopodium majus Polypody (all species) Polypodium vulgare (sensulato) * Primrose Primula vulgaris* 2 Handout 6 – Habitat -
Wildflower Catalogue Native Wildflower & Grasses Welcome
Wildflower Catalogue Native Wildflower & Grasses Welcome LandscapeGreen Farm Seeds is a seed Seeds merchant registered with Food and We have established our reputation and continueGrass to expand Seeds on Environment Research Agency (Fera). We supply certified seed the basis of; according to the Department for Environment and Rural Affairs • Sound sensible advice (DEFRA) regulations and the UK Seed Certification Scheme, • Quality products fit for purposeBS Land DEFRA number 7193. BS Bird Strike • Customer service second to none Reclamation (with ryegrass) Wildflower seeds, wild grass seeds and some other environmental Our products are tried and tested using• Land our reclamation own Research mixture suitable and for seeds are not subject to certification; to minimise therefore bird populations we adopt a Development Centre and continual product assessment. Call us • Produces an unfavourable habitat • Perennial ryegrass will establish quickly and combination of quality assurance procedures to ensure known for sales advice. act as a nurse crop whilst the broad range of provenance, authenticity, purity and for germination.nestling birds due Green to upright Farm and stiff stalks species provides excellent tolerance to Seeds supports and subscribes• toHighly the peFlorarsist ent,Locale frost Code and d rofought • Next Day Delivery to UK Mainland eonnvi rohundredsnmental str eofss itemses • Contains: perennial ryegrass (tetraploid), Conduct. resistant • Delivery throughout the UK and Europe, from 100g to 1000kg+ slender red fescue, sheeps and hard fescue, Research and Development – Tried• Contains: and Tested tall fescue, Mixtures cocks foot, • Supplying general public, landscapers, farmers, local All Green Farm Seeds Wildflower timandot hyGrass and cre mixturessted dog shavetail been authorities, contractors, golf and sportswhite clo clubsver and birdsfoot trefoil trialled to evaluate and improve our mixtures to ensure that what • Professional quality, certified grass seed and UK native we supply performs exactly the way we want it to. -
Two New Records for the Appalachian Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus Wyandot)
Banisteria, Number 24, 2004 © 2004 by the Virginia Natural History Society Status of the Appalachian Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus centaureae wyandot) in Virginia Anne C. Chazal, Steven M. Roble, Christopher S. Hobson, and Katharine L. Derge1 Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation Division of Natural Heritage 217 Governor Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 ABSTRACT The Appalachian grizzled skipper (Pyrgus centaureae wyandot) was documented historically (primarily from shale barren habitats) in 11 counties in Virginia. Between 1992 and 2002, staff of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, conducted 175 surveys for P. c. wyandot at 75 sites in 12 counties. The species was observed at only six sites during these surveys, representing two new county records. All observations since 1992 combined account for <80 individuals. Due to forest succession and threats from gypsy moth control measures, all recent sites for P. c. wyandot in Virginia may be degrading in overall habitat quality. Key words: Lepidoptera, Pyrgus centaureae wyandot, conservation, shale barrens, Virginia. INTRODUCTION wyandot) in Virginia. Parshall (2002) provides a comprehensive review of the nomenclature and The Appalachian grizzled skipper (Pyrgus taxonomy of P. c. wyandot. Most authors classify this centaureae wyandot) has a rather fragmented range, skipper as a subspecies of the Holarctic Pyrgus occurring in northern Michigan as well as portions of centaureae (e.g., Opler & Krizek, 1984; Iftner et al., Ohio, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and 1992; Shuey, 1994; Allen, 1997; Opler, 1998; Virginia; isolated historical records are known from Glassberg, 1999; Parshall, 2002), although some Kentucky, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, and lepidopterists treat it as a full species (Shapiro, 1974; the District of Columbia (Opler, 1998; NatureServe, Schweitzer, 1989; Gochfeld & Burger, 1997). -
The Consequences of a Management Strategy for the Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly
THE CONSEQUENCES OF A MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR THE ENDANGERED KARNER BLUE BUTTERFLY Bradley A. Pickens A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2006 Committee: Karen V. Root, Advisor Helen J. Michaels Juan L. Bouzat © 2006 Bradley A. Pickens All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Karen V. Root, Advisor The effects of management on threatened and endangered species are difficult to discern, and yet, are vitally important for implementing adaptive management. The federally endangered Karner blue butterfly (Karner blue), Lycaeides melissa samuelis inhabits oak savanna or pine barrens, is a specialist on its host-plant, wild blue lupine, Lupinus perennis, and has two broods per year. The Karner blue was reintroduced into the globally rare black oak/lupine savannas of Ohio, USA in 1998. Current management practices involve burning 1/3, mowing 1/3, and leaving 1/3 of the lupine stems unmanaged at each site. Prescribed burning generally kills any Karner blue eggs present, so a trade-off exists between burning to maintain the habitat and Karner blue mortality. The objective of my research was to quantify the effects of this management strategy on the Karner blue. In the first part of my study, I examined several environmental factors, which influenced the nutritional quality (nitrogen and water content) of lupine to the Karner blue. My results showed management did not affect lupine nutrition for either brood. For the second brood, I found that vegetation density best predicted lupine nutritional quality, but canopy cover and aspect had an impact as well. -
Grizzled Skipper
Species: Grizzled Skipper (Pyrgus wyandot) Global Rank: G1G2Q State Rank: S1 State Wildlife Action Plan: Immediate Concern Responsibility Species Climate Change Vulnerability: Highly Vulnerable Confidence: Very High Note: This assessment is expected to be similar for other butterflies of specialized or moderately specialized forest clearing habitats, with specific food plants, habitats exposed to gypsy moth spray; and lacking a fire resistant dormant stage (larval and/or pupal). Some examples: - Frosted Elfin (Callophrys irus); Global Rank G3, State Rank S2; Caterpillar hostplant Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria); Habitat typically grassy (Andropogon spp.) openings in oak habitats on sandy rocky soils; sometimes found in disturbed areas with hostplant such as powerline right-of-ways. - Persius Duskywing (Erynnis persius); Global Rank G5T1T3, State Rank S1; Caterpillar hostplant Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinctoria); Habitats include pitch pine- scrub oak barrens, scrubby ridgetops, or powerline right-of-ways within such settings with sandy-gravelly soils. - Northern Metalmark (Calephelis borealis), Global Rank G3G4, State Rank S2; Caterpillar hostplant Round-leaved Ragwort (Senecio obovatus); Habitats are openings within forested or wooded areas such as natural outcrops, shale or limestone barrens, glades or powerline right-of-ways. Habitat (adapted from NatureServe 2008 and Schweitzer 1989): The Grizzled Skipper butterfly is an Appalachian Mountain habitat specialist that requires shale barren habitats with abundant exposed crumbly rock or soil. Shale barrens are semi-open shale slopes with sparse herbaceous vegetation and tend to be surrounded by scrubby oak or oak-hickory woodlands, often with a component of Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana). A natural area which meets the habitat requirements should maintain itself as a shale barren. -
A Revision of the New World Plant-Mining Moths of the Family
Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 625 A Revision of the New World Plant-Mining Moths of the Family (Lepidoptera: Nepticuloidea) Donald R. Davis and Jonas R. Stonis SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions in History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Smithsonian Contributions in Visual and Material Culture Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution pubHshes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Contributions Series are distributed by mailing lists to Ubraries, universities, and similar institutions through- out the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smith- sonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affiliation with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. -
Slender False Brome (Brachypodium Sylvaticum Ssp. Sylvaticum): a New Invasive Plant in New York
QUARTERLY NEWSLETTER New York Flora Association - New York State Museum Institute Editors: Priscilla Titus and Steve Young; Assistant Editor: Connie Tedesco Correspondence to NYFA, 3140 CEC, Albany, NY 12230 Vol. 21 No. 1 Winter 2010 e-mail: [email protected] Dues $20/Year Website: www.nyflora.org SLENDER FALSE BROME (BRACHYPODIUM SYLVATICUM SSP. SYLVATICUM): A NEW INVASIVE PLANT IN NEW YORK by Steven Daniel and David Werier In early September we independently found and vouchered two populations of slender false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum ssp. sylvaticum) in New York (Bergen Swamp in Genesee County and Connecticut Hill in Tompkins County [SW of the corner of Tower and Cayutaville Roads]). The population at Bergen Swamp has likely been established for at least a decade. The second author saw the Clumped Brachypodium sylvaticum plants exhibiting droop- slender false brome at ing leaves and inflorescences. Photo by Steven Daniel. Bergen in 2004 but never collected a specimen. Jay Greenberg (Bergen Swamp Preservation Society Trustee, personal communication) also noticed the plants along one of the main trails at Bergen beginning in or before the mid- 1990’s but didn’t know what it was. 1 This species is native to Asia, Europe, and North Africa (Shouliang and Phillips 2006) and has become naturalized in the Pacific Northwest and northern California (Johnson 2004, Piep 2007). In North America, slender false brome was first documented in Oregon in 1939 (Kaye 2001). In eastern North America it has previously only been found in Virginia (Piep 2007). Specimens from the New York populations have been verified by Tom Kaye (Institute for Applied Ecology), Rob Naczi (New York Botanical Garden), and Michael Piep (Intermountain Herbarium, Utah State University).