DOCSLIB.ORG

By Moses Alieze Chukwu

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
By Moses Alieze Chukwu A GIS based approach to investigating the potential of herbaceous bioenergy feedstocks for cellulosic bioethanol production in Nigeria By Moses Alieze Chukwu (B.Eng, Chemical Engineering, MSc, Sustainable Chemical Engineering) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom November 2018 Declaration The content of this PhD thesis is my original work and was never presented in any part of the world for any purpose. I also wish to state that there is no collaboration of any sort in this study, be it publish or not. i Abstract Cellulosic ethanol provides a global alternative transport fuel to substitute conventional fossil fuels. The Nigerian Biofuel Policy in 2005 mandated the production and blending of gasoline with 10% bioethanol. Although, there have been indications that Nigeria has sufficient land available for 1st generation biofuel production, there is an urgent need to achieve food security for an increasing population. To these effects, this study aimed to investigate the land requirement and production potential of purposely grown herbaceous energy crops for 2nd generation cellulosic ethanol production in the six geo-political zones and states of Nigeria to meet the government Biofuel Policy. In this study, ArcGIS software was first used to identify two target land use classes (grassland and shrubland) with the potential for cellulosic ethanol production. The two land use classes were evaluated both on a regional and state basis. The study further employed a GIS-based multi-criteria decision method to determine land suitability for four herbaceous bioenergy crop species (Alfalfa, Elephant grass, Miscanthus x giganteus and Switchgrass). Suitability analysis was conducted using literature-based criteria weights for temperature, rainfall, soil organic matter, soil pH, slope and elevation by zone and state. The study further integrated Python software with ArcGIS to evaluate biomass productivity of the 4 species, where the NE zone was found to record the overall highest potential across the country, the SW was the highest in the South while SE zone generally possessed the least potential for all species. Estimates of productivity by state showed that Borno is the most potential productive state in the North and Oyo in the South. Lagos, which is largely comprised of built up areas, is the state with the least potential. In terms of crop productivity, elephant grass showed highest production potential followed by Miscanthus x giganteus and switchgrass while the C3 species (Alfalfa) has the least potential. The theoretical ethanol yield based on cellulose content of each bioenergy crop showed that at a national level, elephant grass has the greatest potential of the four species at 338 billion litres production per annum, which can power 735 large-scale cellulosic ethanol processing facilities. Generally, the study demonstrated that Nigeria will require the construction of multiple process facilities in order to be able to sustainably use the potential feedstocks available. Furthermore, the study showed that Nigeria has the potential to produce about 66 billion litres of cellulosic bioethanol per annum from the range of feedstocks evaluated. It is to this effect that the study indicated that Nigeria could potentially exceed the proposed 10% biofuel target of about 2 billion litres per annum using purposely grown herbaceous energy crops for cellulosic ethanol production. ii Dedication I dedicate this PhD thesis to my late brother who worked tirelessly to make my dream come true. iii Acknowledgements I am very grateful to my supervisors, Dr Paul Bilsborrow and Dr Carmen Hubbard, for their support throughout the period of this study. My special thanks goes to my lovely wife and children, Mrs Miriam Nneka Chukwu, Miss Gloria Ifechi, David, Kayla and Bella for their support, patience, understanding and prayers throughout the period of this study. I also wish to appreciate my Mothers, Mrs Comfort Chukwu and Mrs Monica Okeh, my sisters, Mrs Monica Ogbaronya and Chinweikpe Nkwagu, and my entire family members for their prayers and support throughout the periods of my study. I also wish to thank my Guardians and mentor, Chief Clement Nweke, Prof Mike Otuma and Prof Eugene Nweke, for their guidance and supports. Above all, I thank God Almighty for been the centre of this study. iv Acronyms AADL Allied Atlantic Distilleries Ltd AAEA Africa Albers Equal Area Conic AGO Automotive Gasoline Oil AHP Analytical Hierarchical Process AMN Administrative map of Nigeria ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange AT Attribute Table CBN Central Bank of Nigeria CF Critical Factors CDM Clean Development Mechanism CO2 Carbon Dioxide CH4 Methane DPR Department Petroleum Resources DEM Digital Elevation Model E 10 Ten Percent (10%) Ethanol Blending with 90% Gasoline EIA US Energy Information Administration EU European Union FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations FCT Federal Capital Territory FDAPHS Federal Department of Animal Production & Husbandry Services FMARD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GDB Geo-data Base GHG Greenhouse Gas Emission GIS Geographical Information System GLCN Global Land Cover Network HFC Hydrofluorocarbon HIS Healthcare Information Systems v IAASTD International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development IEA International Energy Agency IPCC Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change KRPC Kaduna Refinery and Petrochemicals LU Land Use LUC Land use change LULC Land Use Land Cover MCE Multi-Criteria Evaluation MCDM Multi-Criteria Decision Method MT Metric Tonnes NAAS Nigerian Annual Abstract of Statistics NAPRI National Animal Production Research Institutes NBS National Bureau of Statistics Nigeria NC North Central zone NE North East zone NIMET Nigerian Meteorological Agency NNPC Nigerian National Petroleum Cooperation NO2 Nitrogen Oxide NPFS Nigeria Programme for Food Security NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NW North West zone PMS Petrol Motor Spirit PRPC Port Harcourt Refinery and Petrochemical Company PTW Pump to wheel PWCM Pairwise Comparison Matrix RFA Renewable Fuels Association SAW Simple Addictive Weighting SE South East zone SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride vi SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SS South South zone SW South West zone TOPSIS Technique for Order Preferences by Similarity to the Ideal Solution UN United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UTM Universal Transverse Mercator USA United States of America USDA United States Department of Agriculture WGS84 World Geodetic Survey 1984 WPM Weighted Product Method WRPC Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company WSM Weighted Sum Method WTW Well-to-Wheels WTP Well to Pump vii Table of contents Declaration .................................................................................................................................. i Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ................................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iv Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. vi Table of contents .................................................................................................................... viii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................... xiv List of Figures ........................................................................................................................ xvii Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the study ............................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 The role of agriculture within the Nigerian economy ............................................. 1 1.1.2 The energy sector .......................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2.1. Crude oil production in Nigeria ................................................................................ 3 1.1.2.2. Refining and Petrochemical Companies in Nigeria .................................................. 4 1.1.3 Transport fuel (Petroleum products) import in Nigeria ................................................ 5 1.1.3.1 Transport fuel (PMS and AGO) import and consumption in Nigeria ........................ 6 1.1.4 Climate change and CO2 emission from the transportation sector ................................ 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 What are biofuels? .......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 First generation bioethanol .......................................................................................... 11 viii 2.1.2 Second generation bioethanol production ..................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Land Use Management in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LAND USE MANAGEMENT IN KARU, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA BY JONAH, KUNDA JOSHUA M.Sc/SCIE/05624/2009/2010 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA APRIL, 2014 1 THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LAND USE MANAGEMENT IN KARU, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA BY JONAH KUNDA JOSHUA M.Sc/SCIE/05624/2009/2010 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA APRIL, 2014 2 DECLARATION I declare that the work in the dissertation entitled “The Use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Land Use Management in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria” has been performed by me in the Department of Geography under the supervision of Prof. EO Iguisi and Dr. DN Jeb. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at any university. Jonah Kunda Joshua --------------------------- -------------------------- Signature Date 3 CERTIFICATION This thesis entitled “THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LAND USE MANAGEMENT IN KARU, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA” by Jonah Kunda Joshua meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of MASTERS of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Journal of Culture, Society and Development www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8400 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.30, 2017 Comparison of Fertility Behaviour of Four Northern States (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) with Tamil Nadu: A Decomposition Analysis G Thavasi Murugan Doctoral Scholar,Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Science Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Abstract There are various factors which influence fertility behaviour and each factor operates with different strength. Previous literatures has identified female education, place of residence, wealth index predominantly influence the fertility rate of any region. So in this study the analysis is carried out to see if the education, wealth and place of residence of the four northern state (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) same as Tamil Nadu then their fertility will be as same as Tamil Nadu? But this study reveals that these factors are not the main fertility declining factor in Tamil Nadu. There are other state specific factors which are influencing more on fertility reduction then the aforesaid factors. Then the question arises, What are the other state factors? Keywords: Fertility, Decomposition, Wealth, Education, Cultural 1. Introduction Fertility, mortality, and migration are the three major demographic events which affect the population size of an area through births, deaths, and migration. In these three events, fertility plays a very important role, and fertility depends on numerous socioeconomic, cultural and other factors. The term fertility embraces many different aspects of this capacity depending on the context. Fertility sometimes refers to the likelihood of being able to conceive (fecundity).
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Context of Boko Haram Terrorism in Nigeria
    SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT OF BOKO HARAM TERRORISM IN NIGERIA by SOGO ANGEL OLOFINBIYI Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Criminology & Forensic Studies in the School of Applied Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban, South Africa Supervisor: Professor Jean Steyn 2018 DECLARATION I declare that the work contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree or diploma at any other higher institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made. Signed: ------------------------------------------------------ Date: ------------------------------------------------------ ii DEDICATION The thesis is dedicated to God Almighty in sweet memory of Pa James Kolawole Olofinbiyi (1935-2015) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of God, most Gracious! most Marvelous! I wish to express my sincere appreciation to those who have contributed to this thesis and supported me in one way or another during this amazing journey. First and foremost, I am immeasurably grateful to my highly respected supervisor and the Dean of the School of Applied Human Sciences, Professor Jéan Steyn, for his guidance and all the useful discussions and brainstorming sessions, especially during the difficult conceptual development stage of this project. His deep insights helped me at various stages of my research. I also remain indebted to him for his confidence in me and for understanding and supporting me during the tough times when I was really down and depressed by doctoral academic challenges and personal family concerns. My sincere gratitude is reserved for his invaluable insights and suggestions.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    INTRODUCTION Lagos Location Modern-day Lagos is now a state in South-Western Nigeria. It is bounded on the west by the Republic of Benin, to the north and east by Ogun State with the Atlantic Ocean providing a coastline on the south. Figure 1: Location of lagos on google maps Area It has a total of 3,577 square kilometers; 787 square kilometers is made up of lagoons and creeks including: Lagos Lagoon, Lagos Harbour, Five Cowrie Creek, Ebute-Metta Creek, Porto Novo Creek, New Canal, Badagry Creek, Kuramo Waters and Lighthouse Creek. Pre-colonial history Prior to the Portuguese name of Lagos being adopted, Lagos was called Eko, which stems from either Oko (Yoruba: "cassava farm") or Eko ("war camp"), by its Bini conquerors. In the 15th century the Benin Empire (1440–1897), a pre-colonial African state in what is now southwestern Nigeria and locally called Bini, was the main power in this area. The Ancient Benin Empire gained political strength and ascendancy over much of what is now Mid-Western and Western Nigeria, with the Oyo Empire bordering it on the west, the Niger River on the east, and the northerly lands succumbing to Fulani Muslim invasion in the North. Interestingly, much of what is now known as Western Iboland and even Yorubaland was conquered by the Benin Kingdom in the late 19th century - Agbor (Ika), Akure, Owo and even the present day Lagos Island, which was named "Eko" meaning "War Camp" by the Bini. The present day Monarchy of Lagos Island did not come directly from Ile-Ife, but from Bini/Benin, and this can be seen up till in the attire of the Oba and High Chiefs of Lagos, and in the street and area names of Lagos Island which are Yoruba corruptions of Benin names (Idumagbo, Idumota, Igbosere etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Growth and Landuse Cover Change in Nigeria Using GIS and Remote Sensing Applications
    Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 5 Issue 08, August-2016 Urban Growth and Landuse Cover Change in Nigeria using GIS and Remote Sensing Applications. Case Study of Suleja L.G.A., Niger State. Buba Y. Alfred, Makwin U. Gillian, Ogalla Mike, Okoro L. Ofonedum, Audu-Moses Justina Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, Abuja, 900001, Nigeria. Corresponding author: Buba Yenhor Alfred, Abstract - Urbanization is among the problems confronting growth in settlement, observations of the earth from space most cities of the world which is attributed to rapid provide objective information of human utilization of the settlements expansion and population growth. The landscape, Bankole (2011). Over the past years, data from contemporary issues of urbanization are common in the Earth sensing satellites has become vital in mapping the developing countries where development goes ahead of urban Earth’s features and infrastructures, managing natural planning. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing Applications was used and three set of Landsat high resources and studying environmental change, Bankole resolution imageries were captured at different time interval (2011). (1980, 2000 and 2015)and projection of the Suleja Local Land is becoming a scarce resource due to immense Government Area (L.G.A) for both the landuse and the agricultural, city growth (settlements expansion) and population was made for 2035. However the study monitored demographic pressure on land. The information on landuse the landuse changes with focus on built-up (settlements) / landcover change and possibilities for their optimal use is growth in Suleja L.G.A to detect and estimate the rate of essential for research, planning and implementation of changes over the periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    Urban Studies and Public Administration Vol. 2, No. 2, 2019 www.scholink.org/ojs/index.php/uspa ISSN 2576-1986 (Print) ISSN 2576-1994 (Online) Original Paper Assessment of Informal Settlements Growth in Greater Karu Urban Area (GKUA) Nasarawa State, Nigeria Laraba S. Rikko1*, John. Y. Dung-Gwom1 & Sunday K. Habila2 1 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Jos, Nigeria 2 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria * Laraba S. Rikko, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Jos, Nigeria Received: March 5, 2019 Accepted: March 19, 2019 Online Published: March 29, 2019 doi:10.22158/uspa.v2n2p61 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v2n2p61 Abstract The proliferation of informal settlements in developing countries have become a major concern to governments and professionals in the built environment in recent years. This paper assessed informal human settlements in a rapidly urbanizing and growing urban area; the Greater Karu Urban Area (GKUA) in Nasarawa State of Nigeria. Information for the paper were obtained through the administration of a questionnaire on the residents and from published and official records. Data was collected from 4 out a 17 identified informal settlements; Mararaba, Masaka, New Nyanya and Kuchikau in GKUA. Questionnaires were administered to 10% (253) households’ randomly selected based on their availability and willingness to participate in the study. From 241 (95.4%) questionnaires that were returned, two types of informal settlements were identified: inner core (traditional slums) and the peri-urban informal/unplanned settlements/slums. The inner core slums showed very severe challenges pertaining to minimal and inadequate social amenities and infrastructure, poor sanitation, narrow winding road networks while the absence of social services and infrastructure, unplanned and uncontrolled development, and substandard housing of mixed quality characterised peri-urban slums.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring Urban Sprawl in Greater Karu Urban Area (Gkua), Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Environment and Earth Science www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.3, No.13, 2013 Monitoring Urban Sprawl in Greater Karu Urban Area (Gkua), Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Rikko, S. Laraba (Lecturer), (B.Sc, M.Sc, MANG, MNITP, RTP) Email: [email protected] Tel: +234 (0) 8037024483 Laka I. Shola (Lecturer), B.Sc; M.Sc, PGD Email: [email protected] Tel: +234 (0) 8036345240 Dept. of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria Abstract Greater Karu Urban Area (GKUA) has been experiencing a large influx of population due to unprecedented rate of urbanization from all parts of Nigeria and elsewhere. This has led to rapid expansion and sprawl of the young settlements resulting in land use and land cover changes, transforming the entire landscape from rural to urban. The techniques of using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) to monitor and map urban sprawl are described in this paper. The built up areas were obtained from Land Sats and Nigerian Sat1 imageries of four different periods covering a 35 year period. Further analysis of the imageries revealed significant dynamic changes in the growth of the settlements in GKUA over time. The study shows a discontinuous spread of settlements leap-frogging into each other along the Keffi-Abuja High way, fast spreading into the hinterland and converting viable agricultural lands into urban development, an evidence of rapid sprawl.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the 2012 Flooding in Mararaba Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    ASSESSMENT OF THE 2012 FLOODING IN MARARABA KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA BY NICHOLAS Jacob Eigege (MSC/SCIE/8614/2010-2011) DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAHPY AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA NIGERIA NOVEMBER, 2014 ASSESSMENT OF THE 2012 FLOODING IN MARARABA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA By NICHOLAS, JACOB EIGEGE (MSC/SCIE/8614/2010-2011) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS OF DEGREE IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA NOVEMBER, 2014 Declaration ii I declare that the work entitled “Assessment of the 2012 Flooding in Mararaba, Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria” was performed by me in the Department of Geography, under the supervision of Dr. Folorunsho, J.O and Dr. Jeb D.N. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this work has been presented for another degree or diploma at any other Institution. Nicholas Jacob Eigege Name of Student Signature Date Certification iii This thesis titled “Assessment of the 2012 Flooding in Mararaba, Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria” meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Master of Science in Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System of Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. Dr. J.O. Folorunsho Member Supervisory Committee (Signature) (Date) Dr. D.N Jeb Member Supervisory Committee (Signature) (Date) Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Profiling the Characteristics of Karu Slum, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    Journal of Service Science and Management, 2019, 12, 605-619 http://www.scirp.org/journal/jssm ISSN Online: 1940-9907 ISSN Print: 1940-9893 Profiling the Characteristics of Karu Slum, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Ezeamaka Cyril Kanayochukwu1, Bala Dogo2 1Department of Geography, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria 2Department of Geography, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria How to cite this paper: Kanayochukwu, Abstract E.C. and Dogo, B. (2019) Profiling the Characteristics of Karu Slum, Nasarawa The study provides comprehensive empirical information on the magnitude State, Nigeria. Journal of Service Science and characteristics of slums in New Karu District of Karu LGA in Nassarawa and Management, 12, 605-619. State. The proximity of New Karu to FCT, Abuja has made it a very impor- https://doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2019.125041 tant settlement and a gateway to the Capital of Nigeria. 5 of the 12 wards of Received: April 16, 2019 New Karu were studied. Direct Field observation and interview were used Accepted: August 10, 2019 to obtain information of the study area. This study used a systematic ran- Published: August 13, 2019 dom sampling method using the interval of five (5) households. 500 ques- tionnaires were administered to the selected household heads. The study Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. revealed that the houses are built from mud (47%) wood (15%), Zinc (16%) This work is licensed under the Creative and Brick/block (22%). Further probe revealed that 35% agreed that the rents Commons Attribution International are affordable while 65% disagreed. 13% of the houses do not have any form License (CC BY 4.0).
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploratory Use of SLEUTH Urban Growth Model in the Spatiotemporal
    ISSN 2321 3361 © 2020 IJESC Research Article Volume 10 Issue No.1 An Exploratory use of SLEUTH Urban Growth Model in the Spatiotemporal Growth Simulation of Greater Karu Urban Area MUHAMMAD Asadullah1, CHINDO Musa Muhammad2 Nigeria Customs Service, Abuja Nigeria1 Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria2 Abstract: SLEUTH is a self-modifying cellular automaton model developed and widely applied to predict urban growth in different cities across the globe. The model as the name implies is calibrated using historical data layers as control. In this study, the model was calibrated for Karu region, which is indeed the first successful calibration of the model in Nigeria. The main objective of the calibration was to find coefficient values that best model urban and related landcover change through time in study area. The calibration was executed in coarse, fine and final phases, with each phase applied datasets of different resolution. The calibration produced initializing coefficient values that best simulate historical growth of Karu and the best fit values were used in the prediction phase. Using average values derived from calibration at full resolution with 100 Monte carlo iterations, year 2012 was set as prediction start date and growth forecasted to year 2073, with probabilistic maps of cells being urbanized in the future produced. Keywords: SLEUTH, urban growth simulation, urban growth model, cellular automata, Karu. I. INTRODUCTION between 2015 and 2050, and is expected to become the third largest by 2050 (United Nations, 2015). This expected Globally, countries have significantly urbanized since the 1950s population growth will mostly likely be accompanied by further and are expected to continue this process through the 21st rapid urbanization already estimated by (Adesina, 2005) to have century (UN-Habitat, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • The Nigerian Retail Report 2014/2015
    The Nigerian Retail Report 2014/2015 1 The Nigerian Retail Report 2014/2015 2 The Nigerian Retail Report 2014/2015 Nigeria Sector Report 2014/2015 3 The Nigerian Retail Report 2014/2015 BusinessDay Research and Intelligence is a unit of BusinessDay Media Limited, specialising in the gathering and analysis of economic and financial data as well as forward-looking intelligence on Nigeria and West Africa. We have a complete database and valuation of all Nigeria-listed firms, with the aim of expanding it to include listed companies in West Africa over the next 12 months. We provide in-depth analysis of different sectors of the Nigeria and West African economy, drawing extensively from our network of industry contacts to provide insights which are not publicly available. We are committed to the dissemination of reliable, credible, timely and relevant information to both private and public sector decision-makers. 4 The Nigerian Retail Report 2014/2015 © BRIU, 2014 6, Point Road, G.R.A., Apapa, Lagos www.businessdayonline.com email: [email protected] The information captured in This document has been This publication is copyright. this report has been drawn prepared in good faith on Apart from any use as together from different the basis of information permitted under Copyright sources; like the Central Bank available at the date of Act 1968, Nigeria, no part of Nigeria (CBN), National publication without any contained herein may be Bureau of Statistics (NBS), independent verification. reproduced, copied or International Monetary BusinessDay Media Ltd does duplicated in any form Fund (IMF), World Bank, the not warrant the accuracy, without prior written consent Nigerian Deposit Insurance reliability or completeness of of BusinessDay Media Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • ANALYSIS of URBAN SPRAWL and ITS EFFECT in MARARABA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA of NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA Joy N
    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 12, December-2019 ISSN 2229-5518 611 ANALYSIS OF URBAN SPRAWL AND ITS EFFECT IN MARARABA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA Joy N. Nnamoko, Acha Sunday and Isaiah Sule Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology Minna Correspondence to: Joy Nzube Nnamoko ([email protected]) Abstract Cities and towns in developing countries all over the world are experiencing an unplanned and uncontrolled development known as Urban sprawl. Sprawl is often uncoordinated and extends along the fringes of metropolitan areas with incredible speed. This research is aimed at examining urban sprawl in Mararaba between 1998 and 2018.The data used for the study were Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1998, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) data of 2008 and operational land imager of 2018.The extent of urban land use was determined by using the attribute and statistics data generated from the classification result and used for post-classification comparison among the years. Result showed that Mararaba witnessed a remarkable growth between 1998 and 2018 from mere 1.1178 Km2 in 1998 to about 5.8716 Km2 in 2018. This growth contributed to the sharp decline in farmland from 4.0545 km2 (48.27%) in 1998 to decline to 1.0512 km2 (12.51%) in 2018. Bare surfaces witnessed an increase over the years of this study. This increase is as a result of clearing of natural vegetation for urban development, thereby exposing the land to direct contact with rainfall, leading to gully erosion in the area.
    [Show full text]