DOCSLIB.ORG

ANALYSIS of URBAN SPRAWL and ITS EFFECT in MARARABA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA of NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA Joy N

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ANALYSIS of URBAN SPRAWL and ITS EFFECT in MARARABA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA of NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA Joy N International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 12, December-2019 ISSN 2229-5518 611 ANALYSIS OF URBAN SPRAWL AND ITS EFFECT IN MARARABA, KARU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA Joy N. Nnamoko, Acha Sunday and Isaiah Sule Department of Geography, Federal University of Technology Minna Correspondence to: Joy Nzube Nnamoko ([email protected]) Abstract Cities and towns in developing countries all over the world are experiencing an unplanned and uncontrolled development known as Urban sprawl. Sprawl is often uncoordinated and extends along the fringes of metropolitan areas with incredible speed. This research is aimed at examining urban sprawl in Mararaba between 1998 and 2018.The data used for the study were Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1998, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) data of 2008 and operational land imager of 2018.The extent of urban land use was determined by using the attribute and statistics data generated from the classification result and used for post-classification comparison among the years. Result showed that Mararaba witnessed a remarkable growth between 1998 and 2018 from mere 1.1178 Km2 in 1998 to about 5.8716 Km2 in 2018. This growth contributed to the sharp decline in farmland from 4.0545 km2 (48.27%) in 1998 to decline to 1.0512 km2 (12.51%) in 2018. Bare surfaces witnessed an increase over the years of this study. This increase is as a result of clearing of natural vegetation for urban development, thereby exposing the land to direct contact with rainfall, leading to gully erosion in the area. Light vegetation also witnessed a sharp decreased from (6.23%) in 1998 to (13.99%) in 2018. Therefore, increase in population led to the increase in urban sprawl in the study area. The study recommends that there is a need for a regular monitoring of urban sprawl and development in the study area by the state government especially with the aid of geospatial techniques for better decision making Keywords: Cities,IJSER Urbanization, Urban Sprawl, Land-use/Cover, Population, Change, GIS 1. Introduction Latin America and Asia. In fact, the world Cities and towns in developing countries are has urbanized faster than originally predicted experiencing rapid population growth and by Malthus (1978). Urbanization is the uncontrolled development known as urban increasing number of people in urban areas sprawl. For the first time in history the urban resulting to the development of towns and population of the world has outnumbered the cities. This is usually as a result of the rural population (Chunwate et al., 2019). movement of people from rural to urban areas This epochal transition occurred mostly in leading to population growth in towns and Africa and other developing countries of cities (Isma’il et al., 2015). Urbanization is not only characterized by demographic change but involves social geographical factors and therefore vary from change, technological advancement and one geographical location to another. economic transformation. These changes are influenced by social, political and IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 12, December-2019 ISSN 2229-5518 612 Sprawl takes place either in radial direction developments and extended places (Rikko, around a well-established city or linearly 2013) along highways (Torrens, 2006). Patterns of The study on urban environmental issues sprawl and analyses of spatial and temporal using remote sensing and GIS techniques in changes could be done through various India, indicated major urban environmental methods. The Mapping process provides a problems that occur due to high population “picture” of where this type of growth is growth (the 46.31% increase during 1991- occurring, which helps to identify the 2001). Also, the uncontrolled and environmental and natural resources mismanaged urban expansion has led to the threatened by such sprawls, and to suggest doubling of the densely built-up area during the likely future directions and patterns of the last decade in Delhi (Atiqur, Maik, Alka, sprawling growth. The effects of sprawl on and Javed, 2009) agricultural land use and other land uses such as residential, commercial, industrial and All cities in Nigeria are experiencing sprawl; institutional are other concerns that are Awka metropolis is not an exception because dependent on the mapping and study of the of the scale and type of development on some sprawl process. Ultimately, the power to of the city’s most agriculturally productive manage sprawl resides with local government land. In the past decade, the city’s built up authorities that are saddled with the area burst outward in an explosion of sprawl responsibility of urban developmental that consumed former agricultural land at a control (Chunwate et al., 2019). break-neck pace (Lazarus, 2012) . Urban sprawl is often uncoordinated and Hashidu and Muhammed, 2018) Analysis of extends along the fringes of metropolitan urban sprawl using geospatial techniques in areas with incredibleIJSER speed. Commonly, this Gombe metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria. uncoordinated development encroaches Result reveals that the spatial extent of urban agricultural and resource land uses in the sprawl occupied about 12.78% between 1991 process. Land is often developed in a and 2014 and high annual rate of 12.78% fragmented and piecemeal fashion, with were also witnessed in 2014. It was also much of the intervening space left vacant or found that there was a progressive increase of in uses with little functionality (Torrens and urban sprawl both in terms of extent and Alberti, 2002). annual rate throughout the study period, especially between the period of 2005 and Sprawl in Nigeria consists of informal 2014. It is recommended that there is a need housing developments on the urban for a regular monitoring of urban sprawl and periphery, on land that is mostly privately development in the study area by the state owned, sold in single small plots. These government especially with the aid of newly developed areas have been called peri- geospatial techniques for better decision urban areas and the inter-metropolitan making. periphery, The ex-urban areas beyond the suburbs are sometimes called fringe IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 12, December-2019 ISSN 2229-5518 613 Similarly, (Kanayochukwu and Dogo, 2019) decision making and thereby, to enhance examined urban growth and housing sustainable development. problems in Karu Local Government Area of 2. Materials and Methods Nasarawa State in Nigeria. Questionnaire survey was used to acquire primary data Karu Local Government Area of Nasarawa which was complemented with secondary State is located between latitudes 8° 5’ N and data. Findings revealed a strong correlation 10° 42’ N and longitudes9° 25’E and 7° 54’E between urban growth and housing problems of the Greenwich Meridian while Mararaba in the area. The study also identified housing is located between latitudes 7° 34’ 40’’ N and problems such as overcrowding and 7° 37’ 00’’N and longitudes 9° 0’ 30’’ E and congestion, poor accessibility, substandard 9° 2’ 00’’E of the Greenwich Meridian as and inadequate housing, as well as shown in Figure 1. Mararaba is an unplanned insufficient basic amenities and area covering a spatial extent of about infrastructural facilities in the area as a result 800sqkm (KAPDA, 2001). It extends from of its close proximity to FCT. Hence there is the eastern boundary of the Federal Capital a need to examine the effect, nature and the Territory Abuja (Old Nyanya) to Gora about pattern of sprawl in the area, for proper 15 kilometers to Kefi as shown in Figure 1. IJSER Figure 4.1: Map of the Study Area The area has an estimated population of other parts of the country to this area (Yari et 10,000 in 1991, and is believed to have grown al., 2002; Isma’il et al., 2015 ) rapidly to an estimated population of 50,000 Mararaba is located within a broad gentle and 130,000 by 2001 and 2010 respectively; rolling undulating plain with elevation due to continuous migration of people from ranging from 300 to 500 meters above sea. IJSER © 2019 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 10, Issue 12, December-2019 ISSN 2229-5518 614 The soils derived from this bedrock structure classify the land use and land cover of the are generally deep and well drained with high study area. Results were summarized in fertility rating and variable run-off potential, tables, figures and were discussed using with variations mainly along the stream-beds descriptive statistics. where the soils are higher in clay content After the images were geo-referenced and (Yari et al., 2002). The natural vegetation in geometrically rectified, Image clipping was the area is of the park savannah type, performed using spatial analyst tool on a sub- featuring dense tropical woodland with scene from the full image on the basis of a shrubs and grasses; with variations reflecting frame covering the area of the study. These the influence of local conditions such as preprocessing tasks allowed the export of the relief, soil, and recently the effect of human satellite images to the ArcGIS and ERDAS activities. The area has two distinct seasons for classification and extraction of land use (wet and dry), typical of north-central and land cover information. Supervised Nigeria. The spatial pattern of rainfall in the classification was performed on the same study area is slightly influenced by the north images, with random training samples using central highlands with a mean annual rainfall on-screen digitizing from on the standard between 1100mm to about 2000mm. menu of the software; Land cover types Mararaba is cosmopolitan in nature with classification and identification were various ethnic groups living together in performed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Uncertain Future: Oil Contracts and Stalled Reform in São Tomé E
    São Tomé e Príncipe HUMAN An Uncertain Future RIGHTS Oil Contracts and Stalled Reform in São Tomé e Príncipe WATCH An Uncertain Future Oil Contracts and Stalled Reform in São Tomé e Príncipe Copyright © 2010 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-675-6 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org August 2010 1-56432-675-6 An Uncertain Future Oil Contracts and Stalled Reform in São Tomé e Príncipe Map of São Tomé e Príncipe ................................................................................................ 1 Glossary of Acronyms ......................................................................................................... 2 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 3 Background ........................................................................................................................ 7 Oil Sector Development: Licenses for Exploration ............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Palmas, the Last Capital City Planned in Twentieth-Century Brazil
    Scientific Article DOI: 10.1590/2175-3369.012.e20190168 Palmas, the last capital city planned in twentieth-century Brazil Palmas, a última capital planejada no Brasil do século XX Renato Leão Rego[a] [a] Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brasil How to cite: Rego, R. L. (2020). Palmas, the last capital city planned in twentieth-century Brazil. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana, 12, e20190168. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.012.e20190168 Abstract Palmas is the capital of a new state created in order to foster regional development in central Brazil. This new town was planned from scratch in 1989, during the country’s re-democratization process, between the postmodernist criticism of functionalist planning and rising environmental concerns. However, its layout depicts a mixed relationship with Brasília-style urbanism. Covering a timeframe of thirty years (1989-2019), this paper presents an outline of the history and planning of Palmas, followed by an assessment of its plan and an exploration of its contemporary major urban challenges. It contrasts the planners’ original ideas with the built city, and unveils late modernist features that have been rejected and transformed. Essentially, Palmas is a modernist new capital city planned in postmodernist times. Keywords: New town. Regional planning. Urban design. Planning diffusion. Developing country. Resumo Palmas é a capital de um novo estado criado no interior do Brasil para fomentar o desenvolvimento regional. Esta nova cidade foi planejada em 1989, durante o processo de redemocratização do país, em meio à crítica ao urbanismo modernista e às crescentes preocupações ambientais. Contudo, seu traçado revela uma relação mista com o urbanismo de Brasília.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Land Use Management in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
    THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LAND USE MANAGEMENT IN KARU, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA BY JONAH, KUNDA JOSHUA M.Sc/SCIE/05624/2009/2010 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA APRIL, 2014 1 THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LAND USE MANAGEMENT IN KARU, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA BY JONAH KUNDA JOSHUA M.Sc/SCIE/05624/2009/2010 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA APRIL, 2014 2 DECLARATION I declare that the work in the dissertation entitled “The Use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Land Use Management in Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria” has been performed by me in the Department of Geography under the supervision of Prof. EO Iguisi and Dr. DN Jeb. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and list of references provided. No part of this dissertation was previously presented for another degree or diploma at any university. Jonah Kunda Joshua --------------------------- -------------------------- Signature Date 3 CERTIFICATION This thesis entitled “THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN LAND USE MANAGEMENT IN KARU, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA” by Jonah Kunda Joshua meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of MASTERS of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • By Moses Alieze Chukwu
    A GIS based approach to investigating the potential of herbaceous bioenergy feedstocks for cellulosic bioethanol production in Nigeria By Moses Alieze Chukwu (B.Eng, Chemical Engineering, MSc, Sustainable Chemical Engineering) Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Science, Agriculture & Engineering Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU United Kingdom November 2018 Declaration The content of this PhD thesis is my original work and was never presented in any part of the world for any purpose. I also wish to state that there is no collaboration of any sort in this study, be it publish or not. i Abstract Cellulosic ethanol provides a global alternative transport fuel to substitute conventional fossil fuels. The Nigerian Biofuel Policy in 2005 mandated the production and blending of gasoline with 10% bioethanol. Although, there have been indications that Nigeria has sufficient land available for 1st generation biofuel production, there is an urgent need to achieve food security for an increasing population. To these effects, this study aimed to investigate the land requirement and production potential of purposely grown herbaceous energy crops for 2nd generation cellulosic ethanol production in the six geo-political zones and states of Nigeria to meet the government Biofuel Policy. In this study, ArcGIS software was first used to identify two target land use classes (grassland and shrubland) with the potential for cellulosic ethanol production. The two land use classes were evaluated both on a regional and state basis. The study further employed a GIS-based multi-criteria decision method to determine land suitability for four herbaceous bioenergy crop species (Alfalfa, Elephant grass, Miscanthus x giganteus and Switchgrass).
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of the Colonies, Northern Nigeria, 1911
    COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL • • No. 788, NOBTHERN NIGERIA* REPORT fOn 1911. (For Report for 1910-11, see No. 704.) $xt*mttb to both %wi»t» at $*xlhmtnt fcg fcoromani *f P§ JR*)**tg» November, 10ft. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. To be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from WYMAN AND SONS, LIMITED, Fmn LANE, E.C., and 32, ABINGDON STREET, S.W., or H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE (SCOTTISH BRJLNCH), 23, FORTH STRUT, EDINBURGH ; or E. PONSONBY, LIMITED, 116. GRAFTON STRUT, Drawn; or from the Agencies in the British Colonies sad Dependencies, the United States of America, the Continent of Europe and Abroad of T. FISHER UNWIN, LONDON, W.d PRINTED BY DARLING AND SON, LTD., BACON STREET, E. bis. [CU. 6007-*$.] Price tyi Page H.—TRADE AND CUSTOMS ... ... ... ... .. ... 8 III.—LEGISLATION AND JUDICIAL ... ... 'M 8 IV.—OAMTOlfMBETS 11 VI.—HOSPITALS . ... ... ... ... ••• is VH^Btetis DEPARTMENT ... ... ... ... ... 13 mi.—POLICE ..< ... ... .... ... ... ... 16 IX.—PRISONS ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *•• 1& X.—CRIMINAL STATISTICS ... ... ... ... ... W XI.—VITAL STATISTICS ... ... ... ... ... ... ... *.• XII.—SANITATIOK ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 XHI.—VACCINATION ... ... sc. ... •** 19 XIV.—METEOROLOGY ... .<*. ... ... ... ... ... 20 XV.—POST AND TELEGRAPHS SERVICES ... ... ... ... 20 XVL—MILITARY ... ... ... , 21 XVII—MEANS OF COMMUNICATION ... 22 XVIII.—'RAILWAYS ... ... ... ..«* ... ... ... ... 24 XIX,—PUBLIC WORKS ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 25 XX.—PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION ... ... ... ... ... 26 APPRNDIX I.—REPORT ON INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED AT THE SI IMPERIAL INSTITUTE DURING 1911. APPENDIX II—BAEO-KANO RAILWAY ... 82 o TABLE I.—PROVINCIAL STATISTICS 86 TABLE II.—COST OP PROVINCIAL ADMINIBTBATION, &C. ... ... 88 TABLE III.-—BEIT-E^-MAL ... ... ... ... ... ... * ... 88 TABLE IV.—STATEMENT ot RECEIPTS (GOVERNMENT SHARE) PROM 89 LOCAL REVENUE. No. 738. NORTHERN NIGERIA. (For Report for 1910-11, see No. 704.) THE ACTING GOVEBKOB to THE SECRETARY OP STATE.
    [Show full text]
  • Improved Quality of Rice Processing (NIG 225)
    Winrock International Nigeria Farmer-to-Farmer Program Improved Quality of Rice Processing (NIG 225) Consultant Report: Richard (Dick) Tinsley1 Professor Emeritus, Colorado State University July 2011 1 http://lamar.colostate.edu/~rtinsley/Author.htm Table of Contents Table of Contents. i List of Figures . ii List of Tables. ii List of Acronyms. iii Executive Summary. iv Introduction . 1 Time of Consultancy . 2 Rice Production . 3 AADIL . 5 Limitations of Agronomy . 6 Estate Mode . 7 Chisel Plows . 8 Support Services . 8 Full Water Control . 9 Rice Value Chain . 10 Parboiling . 11 Rice Quality . 13 Paddy Results . 13 Parboiled Rice . .15 Raw Rice . 16 Milling . 17 Other Ways to Improve Quality & Recovery . 19 Small Combines . 20 Winnowing Machines . 21 Other Concerns to Consider . 21 Value Added vs. Outsourcing . 21 Basic Business Model . 22 Access to Mechanization . 23 Micro-Credit . 24 Summary and Recommendations . 24 Appendix Daily Activity Log . A – 1 Monthly Rainfall Varibility . A – 5 i List of Figures 1. Map of Nigeria with Adamawa State, and Yola in box . 1 2. Typical manual harvesting of rice in Ghana . 2 3. Intermediate deep water rice production system around Yola . 4 4. Destoner used to remove mud clods and stones from rice . 4 5. Section of a village used for buying paddy from farmers . .10 6. The parboiling process . 11 7. Larger vat used for parboiling rice and holding up to 10 bags . 12 8. Hotel staff assisting with separating head rice from brokens, etc. 13 9 Paddy samples showing degree of good paddy and trash . 14 10. Vietnamese women demonstrating how placing grain in the sun can help control weevils 14 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Information System Approach in Evaluating Security Challenges to Critical Infrastructures
    GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPROACH IN EVALUATING SECURITY CHALLENGES TO CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES A. N. Jatong, PhD Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal Polytechnic Mubi PMB 35, Mubi, Adamawa state, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the past, criminality was a taboo and almost everybody franked at it and thus security challenges were so minimal or non-existent. Unfortunately it has now become a means of livelihood or a means to address disagreements where lives as well as critical infrastructures are destroyed mindlessly. While there are recognized occasional natural security challenges such as volcanic eruptions, Hurricane Katrina among others, most frequent security challenges are man-made organized and executed with cut edge professionalism and sophistication. Conventional methods and hence measures of monitoring and addressing various man-made security challenges have in the past been adopted by security operatives but criminals have always responded with sophisticated countermeasures and overwhelming successes maiming and massively in most cases destroying badly needed critical infrastructures. The intention of this research is to adopt Geographic Information System (GIS) approach, a real- time and speedy as well as reliable approach to address real-time security challenges to lives and critical infrastructures. In this method the study area was subdivided into geographic cells and an evaluation on each cell from some chosen observation posts were analyzed in a GIS environment to establish intervisibility to identified target location(s) which includes human habitations, critical infrastructures among others. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used as the platform for Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Viewshed Analysis (VA).Observation points were selected on both high and lowlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Poverty and Deprivation in Barikin-Sale, Minna, Nigeria
    World Academics Journal of ______________________________________________ Research Paper . Management Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.54-59, December (2019) E-ISSN: 2321-905X Mapping Poverty and Deprivation in Barikin-Sale, Minna, Nigeria Isaac I.1*, Habila J.2, Salami H.3, Salami R.O.4, Abutu P.5 1Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal University of Technology, Minna 2Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Imo State 3Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan 4,5University Library Services, Federal University of Technology, Minna *Corresponding Author: [email protected], Tel. +2349098575008 Available online at: www.isroset.org Received: 05/Dec/2019, Accepted: 20/Dec/2019, Online: 31/Dec/2019 Abstract- Poverty is a very serious problem facing currently bedevilling a large proportion of the global population. This problem is becoming intensified with the rapid rate of global population growth and unprecedented urbanisation. More worrisome is the fact that this phenomenon has translated into urbanisation of poverty. This study aimed at mapping poverty and deprivation in Barikin Sale neighbourhood of Minna, Nigeria; and the objectives are to obtain the base map of the study area, acquire data on household deprivation in the study area, assess the rate of deprivation in the neighbourhood and produce poverty maps of the study area. Barikin Sale was subdivided into 10 small areas which were termed sub-neighbourhoods which form the units of analysis and mapping. Ten households were randomly sampled from each sub-neighbourhood. Descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out and it was discovered that household deprivation is more obvious at sub- neighbourhoods level than at the general neighbourhood level.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    Journal of Culture, Society and Development www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8400 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.30, 2017 Comparison of Fertility Behaviour of Four Northern States (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) with Tamil Nadu: A Decomposition Analysis G Thavasi Murugan Doctoral Scholar,Centre for the Study of Regional Development, School of Social Science Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Abstract There are various factors which influence fertility behaviour and each factor operates with different strength. Previous literatures has identified female education, place of residence, wealth index predominantly influence the fertility rate of any region. So in this study the analysis is carried out to see if the education, wealth and place of residence of the four northern state (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh) same as Tamil Nadu then their fertility will be as same as Tamil Nadu? But this study reveals that these factors are not the main fertility declining factor in Tamil Nadu. There are other state specific factors which are influencing more on fertility reduction then the aforesaid factors. Then the question arises, What are the other state factors? Keywords: Fertility, Decomposition, Wealth, Education, Cultural 1. Introduction Fertility, mortality, and migration are the three major demographic events which affect the population size of an area through births, deaths, and migration. In these three events, fertility plays a very important role, and fertility depends on numerous socioeconomic, cultural and other factors. The term fertility embraces many different aspects of this capacity depending on the context. Fertility sometimes refers to the likelihood of being able to conceive (fecundity).
    [Show full text]
  • THE NAIROBI DECLARATION an African Appeal for an AIDS Vaccine Participants - Nairobi, 14 June 2000
    WHO THETHE NAIROBINAIROBI DECLARATION An African Appeal for an AIDS Vaccine Nairobi, 14 June 2000 We, the participants gathered in Nairobi, Kenya from 12 to 14 June 2000, on the occasion of a consultation organized under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Society on AIDS in Africa (SAA) and the African Council of AIDS Service Organization (AfriCASO) to discuss ways to accelerate the development and future availability of HIV vaccines for Africa, Recognize the gravity and adverse impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and its role as the leading cause of illness and death on the African continent. Are aware that two-thirds of the estimated 34 million people with HIV/AIDS in the world today live in Africa and that the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa has continued largely unabated despite numerous interventions. Are concerned that the impact of HIV/AIDS is arresting or reversing the important political and socioeconomic gains of the past decades in the fields of health, education, agriculture and other sectors in Africa. Are convinced that an effective HIV vaccine offers the best long-term hope to control the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Are desirous of contributing to the global effort to develop a safe, effective and affordable HIV vaccine(s) consistent with the principle of an international public good that benefits all human kind. Are determined to harness the current initiatives of vaccine development and research in the industrialized countries towards accelerating African efforts to identify a suitable and appropriate HIV vaccine for the continent.
    [Show full text]
  • Geospatial Analysis of Flood Problems in Jimeta Riverine Community of Adamawa State, Nigeria
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Environment and Earth Science www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3216 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0948 (Online) Vol.5, No.12, 2015 Geospatial Analysis of Flood Problems in Jimeta Riverine Community of Adamawa State, Nigeria Innocent E. Bello 1* Steve O. Ogedegbe 2 1. MP, IT and Data Management Dept., National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Obasanjo Space Centre, Airport Road, PMB 437 Garki, Abuja, Nigeria. 2. Department of Geography, College of Education, Igueben, Edo State, Nigeria Abstract Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in the world, claiming more lives and causing more property damages than any other natural phenomena. In recent times, the incidence of flooding across Nigeria has left both the government and the governed devastated. It is no longer news that flooding and its attendant consequences are injurious to man while the spatial dimensions are often not mapped. This study, therefore, examined the nature of water level/extent and vulnerability in the riverine community of Jimeta, Adamawa State. Using time series analysis, four epoch satellite images covering the study area was used to evaluate the geospatial coverage of water along the watercourse of Upper Benue bordering the study area. Using ILWIS 3.8, ArcGIS 10.1 and statistical analysis, the spatial extent and vulnerability of settlements was mapped. Highly vulnerable (50m buffer) were differentiated from low risk zones (100m buffers). Study revealed that besides rainfall, excess water from Cameroun dam is largely responsible for the identified high level of inundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Key Officers List (UNCLASSIFIED)
    United States Department of State Telephone Directory This customized report includes the following section(s): Key Officers List (UNCLASSIFIED) 9/13/2021 Provided by Global Information Services, A/GIS Cover UNCLASSIFIED Key Officers of Foreign Service Posts Afghanistan FMO Inna Rotenberg ICASS Chair CDR David Millner IMO Cem Asci KABUL (E) Great Massoud Road, (VoIP, US-based) 301-490-1042, Fax No working Fax, INMARSAT Tel 011-873-761-837-725, ISO Aaron Smith Workweek: Saturday - Thursday 0800-1630, Website: https://af.usembassy.gov/ Algeria Officer Name DCM OMS Melisa Woolfolk ALGIERS (E) 5, Chemin Cheikh Bachir Ibrahimi, +213 (770) 08- ALT DIR Tina Dooley-Jones 2000, Fax +213 (23) 47-1781, Workweek: Sun - Thurs 08:00-17:00, CM OMS Bonnie Anglov Website: https://dz.usembassy.gov/ Co-CLO Lilliana Gonzalez Officer Name FM Michael Itinger DCM OMS Allie Hutton HRO Geoff Nyhart FCS Michele Smith INL Patrick Tanimura FM David Treleaven LEGAT James Bolden HRO TDY Ellen Langston MGT Ben Dille MGT Kristin Rockwood POL/ECON Richard Reiter MLO/ODC Andrew Bergman SDO/DATT COL Erik Bauer POL/ECON Roselyn Ramos TREAS Julie Malec SDO/DATT Christopher D'Amico AMB Chargé Ross L Wilson AMB Chargé Gautam Rana CG Ben Ousley Naseman CON Jeffrey Gringer DCM Ian McCary DCM Acting DCM Eric Barbee PAO Daniel Mattern PAO Eric Barbee GSO GSO William Hunt GSO TDY Neil Richter RSO Fernando Matus RSO Gregg Geerdes CLO Christine Peterson AGR Justina Torry DEA Edward (Joe) Kipp CLO Ikram McRiffey FMO Maureen Danzot FMO Aamer Khan IMO Jaime Scarpatti ICASS Chair Jeffrey Gringer IMO Daniel Sweet Albania Angola TIRANA (E) Rruga Stavro Vinjau 14, +355-4-224-7285, Fax +355-4- 223-2222, Workweek: Monday-Friday, 8:00am-4:30 pm.
    [Show full text]