Published by Mec Vannin, The Manx Nationalist Party Earroo / Issue 57 Jerrey Geurree / January 2018 Roy Kennaugh 13-06-1949 to 27-12-2017 Roy Kennaugh died suddenly on the evening of Wednesday 27th December 2017. Roy was Mec Vannin’s Cultural Officer and a great friend to us all. He was instrumental in the organisation of many of our events and he will be sorely missed as a friend and hard working committee member. It is impossible to write an adequate tribute to Roy in this short time - he was active on so many fronts. Roy was a teacher for most of He served on Michael his adult life and clearly Commissioners for many years, Celtic League, the Celtic enjoyed the actual teaching and was still serving up to his Congress and the Michael but, like so many of our good, death. We know he will be Heritage Trust, amongst others. experienced teachers, opted to missed there too both as an “get out” as the profession fell organiser and a man who could His death has touched many victim to managerialism and keep the “Manx element” in and the flood of tributes to him imported work practices that their affairs. on our Facebook page, did not put teaching first. His particularly from former pupils, last teaching post was at Castle Apart from Mec Vannin, he was shows the love and great Rushen High School. also an active member in the respect with which he was held. Laa Cooinaghtyn Illiam Dhone 2018 Yn Oraid Ghaelgagh Soiag ny Celtee Liorish Peddyr Mac Niallan / Peter Crellin "Rug mee ayns doilleeidyn nyn orrin briaght jin hene, çheshvean ny marrey". shennayraghyn ersooyl. "Cre'n raad ta shin goaill?" She focklyn Yann-Ber Ta ny smoo na un Kalloc'h ad shen, as eshyn ghleashtan lesh bunnys T'ad gra dy re ynsagh cur sollys da'n vioys dagh thie, ta çhellvaneyn berçhys yn dooinney doillee v'ec sleih er yn glick ain as çhellveeishyn boght. Ayns seihll dy 'leih ellan echey hene sy cho mooar lesh ny berçhagh, my ta, cre'n Vritaan. Choud's ta shin shamyryn ta shin cummal towse t'er ynsagh? Keayrt jeeaghyn mygeayrt nyn ayndoo. Ta shin gerjoil, as dy row va Mannin ny boayl ellan ain ny laaghyn t'ayn she red mie eh shen. Ny jiu, t'eh jeeaghyn dy vel yeï shen as ooilley, t'eh Gys y nah ghuillagh Yn Pabyr Seyr Issue 57 January 2018 Page 2

Oraid Ghaelgagh veih’n chied duillag ynsee. Haink sleih veih shennaghys gys nyn draa veih shoh nyn gree. She ooilley mygeayrt ynsagh y hene as ta farraghtyn red mie veagh eh shen. yannoo aynjee. She'n derrey traa chloan nyn Lhig dooin briaght nish, shelloo smoo v'ain eh gloan as y chloan ocsyn. eisht, "Cre ta ry-yannoo shen. Ta mee fakin nish dy Son shickyrys, foddym son yn raad shoh y hooyl?" vel ny Manninee cur bree fakin nyn raad ain ooilley da ynsagh reesht, as she moom. Rug mee ayns Ta mee fakin giensyn ry- red mie eh shen. Foast, çheshvean ny marrey, heet aynshoh, coorsyn as my ta, t'eh orrin briaght, Celtee er dagh jeu. Rug nhee Celtiagh jeh dagh "Cre'n raad ta shin goaill?" mee ayns çheshvean sorçh, ooilley ayns spyrryd ny Celtee, nyn sheeanyn nyn jengaghyn Ta çhiow er ny chur ayns mree er dagh çheu. Rug hene. Sleih jannoo my chree as mish fakin y mee ayns çheshvean nyn studeyrys er Gaelg jeh bree t'er ny chur da Gaelg gree, mooinjer er dagh dagh sorçh. Sleih jannoo sy laaghyn t'ayn jiu. Cha çheu. Dy jarroo, she red studeyrys er glare nee Gaelg Vannin ynrican mie eh shen, as fakin shoh Cheltiagh jeh dagh sorçh. ta mee çheet er lesh shoh. ta mee briaght, "Vel yn Trooid scoillyn as Ayns Nerin as Nalbin, raad shoh ry-hooyl?" ollooscoill as possanyn as boayl elley choud's sheshaghtyn as dellalyn Mannin, ta Gaelgeyryn "Son shickyrys t'eh!" ta as lughtyn-thie hig ny gennaghtyn seyrnys mish dy ghra. Ta shin er reddyn shoh gy kione. annym as aigney ta çheet n'ghoaill yn chied cheim Trooid bree troggalagh as voish loayrt çhengey nyn hannah. Keim er cheim trooid goaill obbyr ass laue volley. Ta joarreeyn fodmayd shooyl lesh boayl y cheilley hig nyn shelloo gennaghtyn obbeeys t'ad ta sleih geearree çheet share er-ash dooin. Ta geearree toiggal, as tra d'ynsaghey mychione mee clashtyn sleih vrieys, t'ad feddyn ee, cha nee cultoor ny Celtee: nyn "Cre ass haink dty hushtey joarreeyn ad ny s'odjey. jengaghyn, nyn giaull, nyn as dty yeeanid er lheid y She red mie eh shen, as ta aght smooinaghtyn. Lhig red Celtiagh shen?" Yn shin briaght ooilley da coraa ny Celtee freggyrt ta ry-heet, she red cooidjagh, "Cre'n raad ta cummal aynshoh. Lhig da mie ass towse vees eh shin goaill?" Mannin ve ny soiag ny shen: "Hooar mee eh ayns Celtee. Lhig da'n ghroin çheshvean ny marrey. Ta mee fakin raad, my nyn volley gaase ny Hooar mee eh ayns chaarjyn, raad haink veih stroshey as ee roie magh Mannin." P m N Yn Pabyr Seyr Issue 57 January 2018 Page 3 Illiam Dhone Commemeration 2018 English Oration Far more than a thing of ‘rags and patches’: Illiam Dhone and the Manx Nation By Dr John Callow

A death is far easier to adult life. The choice of Quakers on the Isle – were order than to choreograph; place was carefully among the crowd that and the truth always has calculated: the boundaries gathered to witness his an awkward way of getting of Christian estate ran end. Their farm at Hango out The snap of musketry right up to the base of was about to be seized by that ended William Hango Hill; the gates of his the authorities and their Christian’s life – 355 years own manor house at cattle turned-out along the ago today – on this small Ronaldsway were only a beach; for they were not hill overlooking the Irish few hundred yards distant; only religious dissenters Sea, was intended as a and clearly visible to the but supporters of both the grim warning to the ‘little west was Castletown, the English Republic and of Manx nation’ (and to the centre of Manx Illiam Dhone. Similarly, we English soldiers of the government and home to do not know if Maximilian Republic who had made the , where Bostocke – a former common cause with – at the height of his power sergeant of the garrison them), that the days of – ‘Brown Haired William’, discharged for his part in autonomy, possibility, and Illiam Dhone to Gaelic the 1659 rising – or his religious freedoms were speakers, had made laws, young ward, Jane over. collected tithes, and Hathorne, were present. administered justice. To They would certainly have Let us think for a moment the east, guarding the heard the gunshots from of that chill January anchorage, lay the coastal their homes and hearths, morning; of the prisoner fort of , a and would have been in no marched under guard from potent symbol of the might doubt that the authorities ; of the cart of the Stanley family (in the form of the restored following behind that whom he had once served Stanleys and the Prince would – later in the day – and had, latterly, come to Bishops) also had them in be used to transport his oppose with every fibre of their sights. These figures, corpse back for burial at his being. We do not know silenced and forgotten the kirk where he had if John Lace and his young worshipped for most of his wife – two of the first Continued on next page Yn Pabyr Seyr Issue 57 January 2018 Page 4

Illiam Dhone English Comemmoration continued within the court records, went to his death most sequestration of his are central – as we shall courageously, refusing the estates was cursed, with see – to the story and to offer of a blindfold and his family falling upon bad the real achievements of addressing – directly – his times. Yet, if this is mythic Illiam Dhone’s life. own people with an afterlife of the foremost ‘excellent speech’, words national hero of Man; what If there is much that is now to inspire and hearten in were the nature of his unrecoverable, we can be the darkest of times. He achievements? What did sure that the execution made what the he do for his people? Why was staged as an Seventeenth Century do we continue to honour unambiguous piece of understood to be ‘a good him, on this day? political theatre amid the end’ – and this was widespread repression exceptionally important in When confronted with the that followed the return of an age where death was a reality, of governmental monarchy and the Lord of public act rather than a records and account the Isle in 1660-61. It private matter. books, some writers have served not only as a stark felt let down. One Manx warning to any future As a consequence, historian thought William rebellious subjects, but William Christian – man of Christian no more than ‘a also stood as ruthless wealth, taste and politics – thing of rags and patches’ testimony to Charles became Illiam Dhone, the and too much time has Stanley, 8th Earl of selfless, martyred patriot, been wasted, and ink Derby’s determination to of whom souvenirs were spilled, on the question of maintain his family’s hold sought, stories told and a his supposed ‘betrayal’ of over the politics of the Isle famous ballad written. In the aristocratic Stanleys. and to resist any attempt short, he became the stuff However, once we place at outside interference in of legend. Tales of his him back within his own his affairs. We also know death were embroidered: historical context the that among the crowd, at blankets had been laid significance and Hango Hill on 2nd January beneath his feet so that his accomplishments of 1663 was the vicar of blood did not fall upon the William Christian / Illiam Kirk who recorded hillside; his corpse was not Dhone become all-too that fact that William disfigured by the evident and striking. Christian – one-time murderous bullets; and a Governor and Receiver soldier of the firing squad For the remainder of this General of the island – who profited from the Continued on next page Yn Pabyr Seyr Issue 57 January 2018 Page 5

Illiam Dhone English Comemmoration continued talk, I wish to explore three credit of William Christian. had become – under themes that bear this Christian’s leadership – a thesis out. The warships were hailed forceful political actor in its in the dark by ‘one Hugh own right, capable of The first is located in the More an Islander’ who had bargaining with the military collapse of Stanley power come on the business of leaders of a resurgent after the defeat of the 7th ‘Mr. Receiver Christian, English state. As a Earl of Derby at the battle and others the chief of the consequence, William of Wigan Lane. The Island’. Once on board the Christian delivered a English invasion fleet that flagship, William Christian bloodless coup d’etat and anchored off Ramsay Bay, wasted no time in a reordering of power on on 26 October 1651, had explaining to the surprised the Isle that protected come to fight! It intended soldiers that the country Man, its people and its – and expected - to was already in arms: that language, from becoming encounter and overthrow the Manx had risen assimilated, at once, into a heavily armed, well- against the increasingly the Commonwealth of motivated and firmly autocratic rule of the . entrenched Royalist Stanley family, that the enemy that sought no outlying garrisons had His second stroke of compromise and had, in already been taken and genius was in his the past, been reluctant to that only Peel and Rushen formulation of the promise take prisoners. In the castles stood out against given by the minds of all were them. Christian then Commonwealth to abide memories of the recent offered the help of the by the island’s pre-existing campaigns in Ireland, islanders to the forces of ‘laws and liberties’. Illiam characterised by heavy the English Dhone knew full-well that losses in both military and Commonwealth if – and it freedoms were in short civilian lives, and by the was a very big ‘if’ - the supply on Man during the destruction of property, ‘poor Island might be Civil War years but he cultural artefacts, preserved from spoil, and used a recourse to a language and a distinct the Inhabitants from tradition – a tradition that Celtic identity. undoing’ so that they never really existed – in might continue to ‘enjoy order to create and drive Yet, this did not happen on their lawes and liberties as forward a radical Man. And it was largely formerly they had’. All of a due to the actions and sudden, the Manx nation Continued on next page Yn Pabyr Seyr Issue 57 January 2018 Page 6

Illiam Dhone English Comemmoration continued programme of government There was a recognition she (he was silent about for the Isle that from the pens of writers as his hopes for her younger guaranteed an different as Samuel brothers) should be taught unprecedented degree of Rutter, William Blundell to read, to write, and to autonomy for its and James Chaloner that, think for herself. There can indigenous Gaelic people, in their discoveries of Man be few more bitter between 1651-59. To do and the Manx, they had testimonies to the sea this, a tripartite alliance found something precious, change marked by the was forged between appealing, fragile and very Restoration than the Christian and the Manx; ‘different’ to that which attempts to wrest her the civilian administrators they had known before. It property away from her; or (largely drawn from the was in this space – of of the shrinking of Manx West Riding of Yorkshire) freedom to think and to horizons in that when she appointed by Thomas, dream – that a substantial came to inherit her estate Lord Fairfax; and the portion of the English – preserved for her by highly politicised garrison garrison accepted an Bostocke’s tenacious and soldiers left behind by the Anglo-Manx identity, with protracted legal fight with English army. This veterans like Sergeant the authorities – she settlement was durable Bostocke – opening marked her assent with a and highly effective, and businesses in Peel and single cross, rather than collapsed largely due to intermarrying, or at least by her signature. external factors – namely, cohabiting with local the slide towards the women, and coming to One could dwell upon that disillusion of English learn and to respect the sense of loss at length, but Republican government language and the people Hango Hill – and our and the capitulation of whom they had originally commemoration of Illiam Fairfax’s power – rather been intended to police. It Dhone – should not be a than through any inherent meant, for the Lace family, maudlin affair, calculated weakness or flaws. the opportunity of religious to ‘break our hearts’. expression and the Instead, it should be a The third achievement of chance to voice ideas of celebration of that which William Christian lay in the religious and sexual was secured at so much realm of extending democracy. For Jane peril and cost, and of that possibilities and Hathorne it was which still needs to be imagination to all those encapsulated in her achieved through struggle, who lived upon the Isle. father’s dying wish that Continued on next page Yn Pabyr Seyr Issue 57 January 2018 Page 7

Illiam Dhone English Comemmoration continued in the present, if we are to That is the testimony of his It is about ideas, rather honour the spirit of greatness, lying in the than status. Christian and his quality of his resistance Consequently, when comrades in deeds as well and the breadth of his viewed in this light, Illiam as in words. It is therefore vision for his people. It is Dhone is a figure cloaked fitting that William expressed through art and not so much in rags and Christian ‘the great rebel’ negotiation, rather than tatters as by fabrics came to be most famously through war and conquest; coloured like so many recalled not through grand and through the bright stars, fashioned monuments or academic attainment of prosperity from the hopes and tracts; but through a work for all of the Manx nation dreams of his people, both of art and verse; a ballad as opposed to the want of then and now. Indeed, in the Manx tongue that the many and exploitation there are few better stands as the first in favour of the few. It legacies to be had. avowedly political, enshrines dignity and self- polemical and democratic determination, rather than John Calllow text in the Manx language. passivity and subjugation.

John Callow is a writer and historian, specialising in Seventeenth Century politics and popular culture. He is the author of 'The Making of James II', 'Witchcraft and Magic in Sixteenth and Seventeenth Europe', 'King in Exile' and 'James II -The Triumph and the Tragedy'. His new book ‘Embracing the Darkness. A Cultural History of Witchcraft’ has just been published by I.B. Tauris. John is of Manx descent and alongside his books he is the author of the articles on 'The Limits of Indemnity: Sovereignty and Retribution at the Trial of William Christian (Illiam Dhone)' (Seventeenth Century, vol.XV. no.2), ‘Thomas Fairfax as Lord of Man’ (in England’s Fortress – New Perspectives on Thomas, 3rd Lord Fairfax) and a study of ‘Lieutenant John Hathorne & Garrison Government on the , 1651-60 (Isle of Man Studies Vol.XIV). From An Interview with John Callow by Alistair Kneale available in full at https://www.transceltic.com/pan-celtic/interview-john-callow-his-new-book-embracing- darkness-cultural-history-of-witchcraft Yn Pabyr Seyr Issue 57 January 2018 Page 8 Yn Arrane Ashoonagh The National Anthem O Halloo nyn dooie O land of our birth O Chliejeen ny s' bwaaie O gem of God's earth Ry gheddyn er ooir aalin Yee O Island so strong and so fair Ta dt' Ardstoyl Reill-Thie Built firm as Barrool Myr Baarool er ny hoie Thy throne of Home Rule Dy reayll shin ayns seyrsnys as shee. Makes us free as thy sweet mountain air.

Lhig dooin boggoil bee Then let us rejoice Lesh annym as cree With heart, soul and voice As croghey er gialdyn y Chiarn And in the Lord's promise confide Dy vodmayd dagh oor That each single hour Treishteil er e phooar We trust in His power Dagh olk ass nyn anmeenyn 'hayrn. No evil our souls can betide. mec vannin 1918 General Strike To find out more about Mec Vannin, visit Centenary our website at: We were all taught in Manx schools about 1066 and how http://mecvannin.im Harold Godwinson got an arrow in his eye, but not that the only real relevance of 1066 to the Isle of Man was or you can find us on facebook at Godwinson’s defeat of the Danes at Stamford Bridge three days earlier. https://facebook.com/MecVanninOfficial We were all taught about The Great Fire of London which The Editor of Yn Pabyr Seyr can be has no relevance to the Isle of Man at all, unlike the loss of emailed at the Douglas Herring Fleet in 1787, a result of England’s neglect of our ports. It is probable that the “Jarrow March” of 1936 gets a mention And our Secretary can be written to at but what of the Manx bread riots of 1821, a result of landowner’s greed and absentee Lordship? The Mec Vannin Secretary Last but not least, we all know about the English General Strike of 1926 which had no long term effect, but what of the 6 Glenfaba Road General Strike of 1918 in the Isle of Man which resulted in Peel pensions, fairer taxation and five year terms for English governors? Isle of Man Mec Vannin are making sure people know and are working with other bodies to ensure that the Island remembers 1918 IM5 1BU and the strike that knocked off its hill.