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Gender – Environment Mainstreaming in Tajikistan: Baseline Analysis

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Gender – Environment Mainstreaming in Tajikistan: Baseline Analysis POVERTY – ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE GENDER – ENVIRONMENT MAINSTREAMING IN TAJIKISTAN: BASELINE ANALYSIS Henrieta Martonakova Zumrad Kataeva September 2015 Gender-Environment Mainstreaming in Tajikistan Baseline Analysis for Policy Makers, Administration Officials, Consultants and NGO Representatives Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 I.1 Context and purpose of the baseline study .............................................................................................................................. 5 I.2 Scope, approach and structure of baseline study ..................................................................................................................... 5 I.3 Explanatory notes...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 II. INTRODCUTION TO THE GENDER - ENVIRONMENT CONTEXT ........................................................................................................ 7 II.1 Key gender – environment issues ............................................................................................................................................ 7 II.2 Why to address gender – environment issues? ....................................................................................................................... 8 II.3 How to address gender – environment issues? ....................................................................................................................... 8 III. TAJIKISTAN GENDER, POVERTY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS .............................................................................................. 11 IV. GENDER, ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE LINKS IN TAJIKISTAN .................................................................................. 15 IV.1 Gender aspects of land use and land management .............................................................................................................. 17 IV.2 Gender aspects of access to water and water management ................................................................................................ 19 IV.3 Gender aspects of access to energy ...................................................................................................................................... 21 IV.4 Gender aspects of natural disaster risk and management.................................................................................................... 22 V. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR ‘GENDER ENVIRONMENT’ MAINSTREAMING ............................................................................. 24 V.1 Political and legal framework for gender – environment mainstreaming ............................................................................. 24 V.2 Institutional and procedural framework for gender – environment mainstreaming ............................................................. 32 V.3 Data and knowledge base for gender mainstreaming ........................................................................................................... 38 V.4 Awareness and capacity development for gender mainstreaming ........................................................................................ 40 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 41 VI.1 Key challenges for gender – environment mainstreaming ................................................................................................... 42 VI.2 Recommended actions and indicators for more effective gender – environment mainstreaming ...................................... 42 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 48 ANNEX 1: ENVIRONMENT GENDER INDEX: METHODOLOGY AND CRITERIA .................................................................................... 50 ANNEX 2: LIST OF THE REVIEWED NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS, POLICY AND LEGAL DOCUMENTS .............. 52 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared within the framework of the Tajikistan UNDP – UNEP Poverty – Environment Initiative (TJ PEI) Phase I-II. It was prepared by Henrieta Martonakova, at the time the Technical Advisor to the TJ PEI, together with Zumrad Kataeva, the national expert on gender matters, who helped collecting the data both from the relevant documents and from consulting stakeholders in the number of national institutions and in the selected districts. Elaboration of the report would not be possible without contribution of government officials in Dushanbe and the Sughd Region, representatives of the international community, and the local non-governmental organizations. Report could have not been prepared without valuable contributions from (i) Abduvaliev Askar Kasymovich, Shukurov Olim, Barotov Rahimboy, Khasanov Ulughbek, Makhatov Sherali, and Mansurova Jannatoy, representing the Sughd regional and the Ghonchi, Jabbor Rasulov, and Isfara district governments; (ii) people from the Dushanbe and the Sughd region-based non-governmental organizations: Dmitriy Prudskikh (Youth Group for Protection of Environment), Yuriy Skochilov (Youth Ecological Center), Abdusamadova Mamlakat and Atoulloeva Habiba (Maksad), Nazirova Mavjuda and her staff (Nakhli Umed), Jamshed Kayumov (ASDP Nau), Khayrinisso Rasulova (Association “Women and Society”) , Tatiana Bozrikova (Public Foundation Platforma); and (iii) representatives of the national and local media: Zakirov Ishoqjon (Sogdiyskaya Pravda), and Tatyana Chen (Radio Vatan). Our gratitude also goes to the representatives of the national government and international institutions: Khidirzoda Makhfirat Umar and Javohir Akobirova from the Committee on Women and Family Affairs under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan; Roziqzoda Sherali, Abdukhalikov Akmaljon, and Najmiddinova Gulbahor from the Institute of Public Governance of the Republic of Tajikistan; Barno Mukhamadieva, Viloyat Mirzoeva from UN Women; Nazokat Isaeva, Davide Costa, and Masuda Saidova from OXFAM GB; and last but not least to Nargizakhon Usmanova, Alisher Nazirov, Tahmina Azizova, Jurabek Sattorov, Oliya Baykhanova, and Yusuf Kholov from the UNDP Tajikistan. We would especially like to thanks to Zaitoona Naimova from UN Women Tajikistan and Nara Luvsan from the UNDP – UNEP Poverty – Environment Initiative, Europe and the CIS regional office, for providing valuable comments into the report’s final draft. Gender-Environment Mainstreaming in Tajikistan Baseline Analysis for Policy Makers, Administration Officials, Consultants and NGO Representatives GLOSSARY Environment Climate and Natural Resources (ECNR) sectors – for the purpose of this study, the sectors and development areas that are relevant in terms of inter-linkages between poverty reduction, gender equality, environmental sustainability and climate change; ECNR sectors include: environment including climate change, water management, land management, agriculture, energy, natural disasters prevention and management, waste management, tourism and health. Gender denotes the socially constructed roles and responsibilities ascribed to men and women and the relationship between them. Gender influences the creation, use and distribution of power. Thus, common attributes of gender- differentiated roles, rights and responsibilities include an asymmetrical distribution of and access to power between men and women. In addition, gender interacts with other societal differentiations that shape power asymmetries, such as ethnicity, age and education, etc. Gender has interpersonal, cultural, institutional, policy, political and socioeconomic dimensions. Gender equality exists when men and women are attributed equal social value, equal rights and equal responsibilities and have equal access to the means (resources, opportunities) to exercise them. Women’s empowerment refers to tools, strategies and approaches that seek to correct asymmetries of power, access and privilege that result from gender inequalities. Promoting gender equality may require efforts to ensure women’s empowerment. Gender mainstreaming is a globally accepted strategy for promoting gender equality. Gender mainstreaming involves ensuring that gender perspectives and attention to the goal of gender equality are central to all activities - policy development, research, advocacy/ dialogue, legislation, resource allocation, and planning, implementation and monitoring of programmes and projects at all levels. Gender Development Index (GDI) - female to male ratio of HDI - The new GDI measures gender gap in human development
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