Karjala – Muistin Ja Utopian Paikka
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Siirtokarjalaisuuden Asema Nuorten Aikuisten Identiteeteissä
SIIRTOKARJALAISUUDEN ASEMA NUORTEN AIKUISTEN IDENTITEETEISSÄ Marko Smiljanic Maisterintutkielma Suomen kieli ja kulttuuri Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Jyväskylän yliopisto Kevät 2021 JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Tiedekunta Laitos Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen Tekijä Smiljanic Marko Työn nimi Siirtokarjalaisuuden asema nuorten aikuisten identiteeteissä Oppiaine Työn laji Suomen kieli ja kulttuuri Maisterintutkielma Aika Sivumäärä Toukokuu 2021 102 Tiivistelmä Tutkielmassani tarkastelen karjalaisuuden asemaa nuorten identiteeteissä 2020-luvun alussa. Talvi- ja jatkosodan jälkeen Suomi luovutti Karjalan aluetta Neuvostoliitolle. Sen seurauksena 420 000 karjalaista siirtyi muualle Suomeen niiltä alueilta. Siirtokarjalaiset olivat etnisiä karjalaisia ja suomalaisia, jotka puhuivat karjalaa tai karjalan murretta, ja osa oli ortodoksisia kristittyjä. Heidän perinteensä, kielensä ja identiteettinsä heikkenivät, koska ortodoksiseen kirkkoon kuuluvat oudosti puhuvat siirtokarjalaiset siirtyivät historiallisesti luterilaisille, yleis- suomenkielisille alueille. Siirtokarjalainen kulttuuri on tärkeä osa Suomen historiaa ja kulttuuria, ja siksi haluan tutkia karjalaisuuden asemaa ja relevanssia siirtokarjalaisten lastenlasten elämässä. Tutkimuskysymykseni ovat, mitä siirtokarjalaisesta kulttuurista, kokemuksista ja muistoista on siirtynyt siirtokarjalaisten lastenlasten identiteetteihin nykypäivänä, ja miten Karjala ja karjalaisuus näkyvät siirtokarjalaisten lastenlasten tietoisuudessa. Tutkimukseni teoreettisessa -
Karelia: a Place of Memories and Utopias
Oral Tradition, 23/2 (2008): 235-254 Karelia: A Place of Memories and Utopias Outi Fingerroos Karelia is a vast inhabited area in northern Europe of historical significance to Finland,1 Russia, and Sweden. In Finnish historiography, Karelia has often been described as a borderland or battlefield lying between East and West, and as a focal point. These labels date back to medieval times, when the East and the West, that is, Novgorod and Sweden, struggled for commercial and political power over the tribes that lived in the geographical area of Karelia. At the same time, this area was also the arena for a struggle that resulted in the coexistence there of two distinct religious traditions of Eastern and Western Europe until the Second World War.2 Map 1: Since the fourteenth century, the border in Karelia has been re-drawn about ten times. © The Finnish Karelian League 1 Finland gained independence in 1917. 2 See Fingerroos 2007a; Heikkinen 1989:16; Hämynen 1994:17-19; and Sallinen-Gimpl 1994:16-17. 236 OUTI FINGERROOS Karelia is currently divided between the Russian Republic of Karelia, the Russian Leningrad Oblast, and two regions of Finland: South Karelia and North Karelia. There is also a Russian population living in many parts of the area. Some western parts of Karelia have never been on the Russian side of the border, whereas others have never been a part of Finland. Therefore, Karelia should be considered a heterogeneous area, parts of which are culturally connected to either Finland or Russia. This fact is also evident in the assigned names of Finnish and Russian Karelia. -
Book Final.Indd
ARMENIA'S FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS Yerevan - 2013 UDC 32.001 ARMENIA’S FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC POLITICS: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS. – Mikko Palonkorpi and Alexander Iskandaryan (Eds.) –Yerevan: Caucasus Institute and Aleksanteri Institute, 2013. 92 p. Edited by Mikko Palonkorpi and Alexander Iskandaryan Copy editing by Richard Giragosian and Nina Iskandaryan Translations by Nina Iskandaryan Cover design by Matit www.matit.am Layout by Collage www.collage.am ISBN 978-99941-2-915-7 © 2013 by the Caucasus Institute © 2013 by the Aleksanteri Institute © 2013 by the MFA of Finland The publication is a joint project of the Caucasus Institute (Armenia) and the Aleksanteri Institute, University of Helsinki (Finland). It has been supported by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Papers included in this volume refl ect the personal opinions of the authors and not those of the publishers, sponsors or any other organizations including ones with which the authors are or were affi liated. TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. Preface ..............................................................................................................5 Armenia’s Foreign Policy: Where Values Meet Constraints, by Alexander Iskandaryan ...................................................................................6 The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict in the Foreign, Military and Domestic Politics of Armenia: an Assessment, by Sergey Minasyan .........................................................................................18 -
EIA Report Finland
Section 15 Proposal for a monitoring programme Environmental impact assessment report | Section 15 705| 15 Proposal for a monitoring programme The primary objective of the monitoring programme is to verify the results of the impact assessment (Chapter 8) and to reveal possible uncertainties therein. In addition, monitoring ensures that the planned mitigation measures function as intended. Monitoring is not only important for the Nord Stream project, but it is also important in providing valuable informati- on on the natural and cultural environment of the Finnish project area. The need for and timing of the proposed monitoring programme has been based on the results and the reliability of the impact assessment and the nature of the impact target. OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING Verification of the realization of assessed impacts Indicates whether an impact occurs as anticipated in the impact assessment. Monitoring of water quality, for example, will indicate possible changes in water turbidity in the bot- tom-close water near rock placement sites. The monitoring results will be compared with the predicted changes in turbidity and be used to verify the effects described in the impact assessment. Efficiency of mitigation measures Indicates the rate of efficiency of an implemented mitigation measure. In addition, it indica- tes / ensures that a planned mitigation actually has been implemented and is efficient. For example, it is expected that the chosen rock placement method will result in significantly less turbidity in the bottom-close water than would a dredging operation. Identification of impacts from unplanned events If an impact unexpectedly arises, it may possibly be identified by monitoring. -
Karelia As a Finnish-Russian Issue: Re-Negotiating the Relationship Between National Identity
EU-RUSSIA PAPER • MAY 2014 183 Karelia as a Finnish-Russian Issue: Re-negotiating the Relationship between National Identity, CEURUS Territory and Sovereignty Christopher S. BROWNING Reader of International Politics, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick Pertti JOENNIEMI Visiting Researcher, Karelian Institute, University of Eastern Finland The Centre for EU-Russia Studies (CEURUS) is a multidisciplinary centre for research and teaching at the University of Tartu, Estonia. It serves as a contact point for scholars, students and experts who share an interest in the evolving relationship between the European Union and the Russian Federation. CEURUS coordinates and sponsors a variety of activities related to research, teaching and public out- reach in the area of EU-Russia relations. For more information, see http://ceurus.ut.ee The Centre for EU-Russia Studies undertakes quality control in editing its publica- tions. However, the opinions expressed in the Centre’s publications are those of the authors and contributors, and do not necessarily refl ect those of CEURUS, the University of Tartu or the organization to which the authors are affi liated. Published articles may be works in progress and CEURUS will not prevent their subsequent publication in an academic journal or a book. Suggested format for citing this paper: Browning, C. S.; Joenniemi, P. (2014), ‘Karelia as a Finnish-Russian Issue: Re-negotiating the Relationship between National Iden- tity, Territory and Sovereignty’, CEURUS EU-Russia Papers, No. 18. Centre for EU-Russia Studies, University of Tartu http://ceurus.ut.ee Editor: Martin Mölder Cover design: Kalle Paalits Layout: Tiia Ilus Copyright: authors, University of Tartu, 2014 ISSN 2228-1282 University of Tartu Press www.tyk.ee KARELIA AS A FINNISH-RUSSIAN ISSUE: RE-NEGOTIATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL IDENTITY, TERRITORY AND SOVEREIGNTY INTRODUCTION As stereotypes would have it Finland is a stable, peaceful Nordic country, located in the calm environment of northern Europe. -
The Viipuri Library by Alvar Aalto, Under the Condition That Russia Also Mansikka Wrote a Report on 31.10.1996 to Minister of the Environment Pekka Haavisto
Aalto-DD 127/2018 Aalto-DD 127/2018 9HSTFMG*aiahch+ 9HSTFMG*aiahch+ ISBN 978-952-60-8072-7 BUSINESS + ISBN 978-952-60-8073-4 (pdf) ECONOMY ISSN 1799-4934 ISSN 1799-4942 (electronic) ART + DESIGN + Aalto University ARCHITECTURE School of Arts, Design and Architecture Department of Architecture SCIENCE + shop.aalto.fi TECHNOLOGY www.aalto.fi CROSSOVER DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS The Building that Disappeared Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 127/2018 The Viipuri Library Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture by Alvar Aalto Department of Architecture Aalto ARTS Books Espoo, Finland shop.aalto.fi © Laura Berger Graphic design: Annukka Mäkijärvi Cover photo: Military Museum / Finnish Air Forces collections Materials: Invercote Creato 300 g, Scandia 2000 Natural 115 g LAURA BERGER ISBN 978-952-60-8072-7 (printed) ISBN 978-952-60-8073-4 (pdf) ISSN 1799-4934 ISSN 1799-4942 (electronic) Unigrafia Helsinki 2018 4 5 Abstract This dissertation introduces the ‘life’ of one building: the Viipuri Library, designed tectural drawings and publications, this work aims to unravel the ‘life cycle’ of by Alvar Aalto in 1927–1935. The theoretical perspective draws from the field of the library to the present day. The structure of the thesis is thematic and approxi- material culture studies and the agency of objects. In the case of this particular mately chronological. The main body consists of four thematic chapters. The first building, the research enquires what buildings ‘do’ as part of our material envi- chapter titled ‘The City’ introduces the local context, the events behind the reali- ronment. In the context of architecture, the library has a role as an important sation of the library. -
KARJALANI, KARJALANI, MAANI JA MAAILMANI -Artikkeliko- Toim
Toim. Pirkko Kanervo, Terhi Kivistö & Olli Kleemola Kanervo, Terhi Pirkko Toim. KARJALANI, KARJALANI, MAANI JA MAAILMANI -artikkeliko- Toim. Pirkko Kanervo, Terhi Kivistö & Olli Kleemola koelman syntyhistoria juontaa pakolaiskeskusteluun, joka käyn- nistyi kiivaana kun Suomeen vuonna 2015 tuli ennätyksellinen määrä turvapaikanhakijoita. Polemiikin kohteena oli pian myös Neuvostoliitolle luovutetusta Karjalasta evakuoidun väestön asut- taminen muualle Suomeen. Pakolaiskeskustelusta nousi esille ajatus siitä, kuinka huonosti suo- KARJALANI, KARJALANI, malaiset lopulta tuntevat karjalaisten historian. Talvi- ja jatkosotaa koskevaa tutkimuskirjallisuutta on kyllä julkaistu runsaasti, mutta MAANI JA MAAILMANI niissä Karjalan ja sen asukkaiden vaiheet jäävät usein varsinaisten sotatapahtumien varjoon. Tämän teoksen keskeisenä ajatuksena on luoda laajempi näköala karjalaisten kohtaloon ja sota-aikaan Kirjoituksia Karjalan menetyksestä ja muistamisesta, yleensä. Sota kosketti syvästi koko suomalaista yhteiskuntaa ja sen jäseniä. evakoiden asuttamisesta ja selviytymisestä KARJALANI, KARJALANI, MAANI JA MAAILMANI MAANI JA KARJALANI, KARJALANI, Kirjan teemoihin kuuluvat Karjalan menettämisen taustat, talvi- ja jatkosodan aikana suoritetut väestön evakuoinnit, sodanjälkeinen asutustoiminta, karjalaisten selviäminen ja Karjalan muistaminen. Vaikka teoksen pääosassa ovat menetetty Karjala ja sen asukkaat, kirjassa muistutetaan myös, etteivät karjalaiset suinkaan olleet Suomen ainoita evakoita. Sodanjälkeinen asutustoimintakaan ei koskenut vain karjalaisia, -
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Narratives of History and the Discursive Construction of National Identity in the Russian Republic of Karelia. Fraser Tew-Street University of Edinburgh PhD 2014 1 2 Contents Page Abstract: 7 Introduction: 10 Chapter One: The Historical, Linguistic, Legal and Institutional Background to Problems of Karelian Language and Identity 1.1 A Short History of the Republic of Karelia 15 1.2 The Contemporary Karelian Political System 50 1.3 Institutional and Legal Factors 52 1.4 Karelian, Vepsian and Finnish in Contemporary Society in the Republic. 55 Chapter Two: Theoretical Considerations 2.1 Introductory Remarks 61 i) Identity and the Individual 62 ii) Identity, the Individual and Society 70 2.2 National Identity and the Nation i) What is the Nation? 76 ii) Constructing the Nation 82 iii) Narrating National Identity 84 iv) National Identity and Multiple Identities 88 2.3 Critical Discourse Analysis 91 2.4 Methodological Considerations 96 i) Content 97 ii) Strategies 98 iii) Means of Realisation 100 iv) Mass Media , Cultural Capital and the Karelian Press 101 v) The Interview Material 105 Chapter Three: Constructing the History of ‘Karelia’: Territories, Boundaries, and the Narration of Nationality in Karelian Newspapers. -
RMN Newsletter 6 2013
May 2013 № 6 Edited by Frog Helen F. Leslie and Joseph S. Hopkins Published by Folklore Studies / Dept. of Philosophy, History, Culture and Art Studies University of Helsinki, Helsinki ISSN 2324-0636 (print) ISSN 1799-4497 (online) www.helsinki.fi/folkloristiikka/English/RMN/ 1 CONTENTS Editor’s Note .................................................................................................................................... 5 COMMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS The Notions of Model, Discourse, and Semantic Center as Tools for the (Re)Construction of Old Norse Religion .......................................................................................................................... 6 Jens Peter Schjødt The Tradition of Icelandic sagnakvæði .......................................................................................... 15 Aðalheiður Guðmundsdóttir How Can You Tell Who’s Talking? – Transitions between Direct Speech and Narration in Vambarljóð..................................................................................................................................... 20 Haukur Þorgeirsson Remembering the Golden Past: Nostalgia as a Narrative Practice of Karelian Evacuees in Finland ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Ulla Savolainen Sigvatr Þórðarson’s Vestrfararvísur and Cnut the Great’s Conquest of Norway in 1028 ............. 31 Jakub Morawiec Forecasting the Rain of Óðinn: Referential Ambiguity in Kennings -
22 2010 Kannet.Indd
22/2010 Sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynti Jukka Lindstedt Stiina Löytömäki 22/2010 Sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynti Jukka Lindstedt Stiina Löytömäki Oikeusministeriö, Helsinki 2010 12.3.2010 Julkaisun nimi Sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynti Tekijä Jukka Lindstedt, Stiina Löytömäki Oikeusministeriön Selvityksiä ja ohjeita Sarjanumero 22/2010 julkaisu OSKARI numero OM 25/014/2009 HARE numero ISSN-L 1798-7059 ISSN (nid.) 1798-7059 ISSN (PDF) 1798-7067 ISBN (nid.) 978-952-466-832-3 ISBN (PDF) 978-952-466-833-0 Asia- ja avain- Sota, sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynti, oikeusvaltio, menneisyydenkäsittely sanat Tiivistelmä Vuosina 1945–1946 Suomessa käytiin sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynti, jossa kah- deksan maan jatkosodan aikaiseen poliittiseen johtoon kuulunutta tuomittiin hei- dän jatkosotaa edeltävän ja sen aikaisen toimintansa perusteella. Oikeudenkäynti tuomioineen on siitä lähtien ollut laajan keskustelun ja arvostelun kohde. Oikeusministeriö teki 2.2.2009 Jukka Lindstedtin ja Stiina Löytömäen kanssa so- pimuksen, jonka mukaan nämä laativat ministeriölle selvityksen sotaan syyllisinä tuomittujen oikeudellisen kohtelun mahdollistaneesta lainsäädännöstä, oikeuden- käynnistä ja tuomioista oikeusvaltion periaatteiden näkökulmasta. Selvityksessä on tuon näkökulman lisäksi tarkasteltu sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäyntiä kansainväli- sen oikeuden kannalta sekä laadittu katsaus eräiden Suomen itsenäisyyden ajan muiden tapahtumien uudelleenarvioinneista. Sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynnissä oli oikeusvaltion periaatteiden kannalta useita ongelmia. Laki sotaan syyllisten rankaisemisesta -
Preface Prologue: Soviet Collapse and the Rise of China
Notes Preface 1 . EastWest Institute, “Euro-Atlantic Security: One Vision, Three Paths” (June 2009), http://www.ewi.info/euro-atlantic-security . 2 . Hall Gardner, “Toward a Euro-Atlantic Confederation (A Proposal for Kant, Hugo and Tolstoy to shake hands in Kaliningrad, Paris, and Sebastopol),” EastWest Institute (June 23, 2009), http://www.ewi.info/system/files/Gardner_Speech.pdf . See discus- sion “Euro-Atlantic Security Seminar in Brussels” (June 23, 2009) at http://www .ewi.info/euro-atlantic-security-seminar-brussels-0 . Prologue: Soviet Collapse and the Rise of China 1 . The US National Intelligence Council, 2025 Global Trends Final Report (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, November 2008) maintained that Chinese capabilities could reach roughly 60 percent of US power potential by 2025, in terms of composite economic, military, demographic, and “innovation” indices. China is also expected to surpass US GDP by 2036. http://www.aicpa.org/research /cpahorizons2025/globalforces/downloadabledocuments/globaltrends.pdf . 2 . Andrew Nathan and Andrew Scobell, “How China Sees America,” Foreign Affairs (September–October 2012). 3 . President Xi Jinping to the Chinese parliament, http://southchinaseastudies.org/en /weekly-bulletin/806-weekly-bulletin-11-march-17-march . 4 . In geoeconomic terms, the United States represents an insular-core state with a pano- ply of land, air, sea, and outer space (and computer-information) capabilities, while Russia now represents a landlocked core power that has lost most of its overseas naval and maritime status (potentially influencing a sociopolitical backlash). China, mov- ing out of semi-peripheral and continental status, now represents a rising financial power that is developing blue-water naval and maritime capabilities combined with outer space and computer-info capacities—perhaps more comparable to Tsarist Russia than Imperial Germany in the late nineteenth century. -
The Karelia of Memories – Utopias of a Place
THE KARELIA OF MEMORIES – UTOPIAS OF A PLACE Outi Fingerroos Abstract: Karelia has always been a place of utopias and dreams in Finland. The images that we have of this area tend to originate in national projects and Karelianism. Karelia has been divided between two states – Finland and Soviet Union – since Finland gained inde- pendence in 1917. The Isthmus belonged to Finland until 1939. After World War II a total of 430,000 evacuees, 407,000 of who were Karelians, were resettled in different parts of Fin- land. The article concentrates on the memories of Karelian evacuees. The aim of the article is to find, construct and analyse the different ways in which the past is remembered, the experi- ences of different generations of Karelia, and the phenomenon of “new Karelianism”. Karelia is not just an abstraction but a place of memories and utopias for Karelian evacuees. Their utopias are different than those of supporters of Karelianism because of their misery and dreams about going back there. Karelia is also a meaningful place for different generations. It is a place which Karelian refugees and their children and children’s children as well as researchers and cohabitants in the new hometowns of the evacuees visit again and again. Key words: evacuees, experiences, Karelia, Karelianism, memories, oral history, places, places of memories, utopias In this article I consider the Utopias related to Karelia, in particular, from the perspective of the migrant Karelians’ memory and reminiscences. Utopian speech penetrates the text in my excursions throughout Karelia. My personal connec- tion with Karelia through my grandmother takes shape in the choice of topics related to the Karelian Isthmus.