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COVID-19 in Chile Chile Confirmed Its First Case of COVID-19 on March 3

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COVID-19 in Chile Chile Confirmed Its First Case of COVID-19 on March 3 COVID-19 in Chile Chile confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on March 3. In response, government authorities declared a state of catastrophe until mid-September, prohibited both domestic and international travel, and closed schools and universities. Public gatherings were restricted in size, and curfews were implemented to curb movement. Despite President Sebastián Piñera’s aggressive measures early on, Chile experienced a massive rise in infections in June. In response, the government announced that Santiago and the surrounding regions would continue to face quarantine. To address both the public health emergency and its economic consequences, the country has adopted a series of policies at the federal, state, and municipal levels. For our study, we focused on the economic measures taken at the federal level with an emphasis on programs designed to help small and medium-sized businesses. Figure 1: Evolution of confirmed COVID-19 cases and announcement of relief policies Economic and Social Policies As of early July, we calculated that Chile budgeted 12.03 percent of its GDP on COVID-19-related measures.1 While some of this spending directly funded public health measures, much of it was devoted to preventing and repairing economic losses and social hardship resulting from the pandemic. Figure 2 compares the percent of GDP spent in Chile to other countries in Latin America, as well as the percent of Chileans who reported receiving aid from the government as of May 19.2 Figure 2: Distribution of spending as percent of GDP 1 Economic and public health measures for Chile were collected using publicly available information published by the Chilean Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism (el Ministerio de Economía, Desarollo, y Turismo de Chile) and Chilean government’s official COVID-19 website. 2 The percent of businesses that received aid only includes businesses that were open, or only temporarily closed, at the time of the survey. Chile’s largest economic and social policies include: o Emergency COVID-19 Grant (Bono de Emergencia COVID-19), a cash payment of 50,000 Chilean pesos (USD ~ 66) per dependent for vulnerable or low-income families. o Middle Class Grant (Bono Clase Media), a cash payment of 500,000 pesos to assist affected middle class formal workers whose incomes have seen a reduction by at least 30 percent. o Nutrition for Chile (Alimentos para Chile), a program that has facilitated food distribution to 3 million low-income Chileans. o An expansion of the Emergency Family Income (Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia) to reach 5.6 million Chileans. o Solidary Municipal Fund (Fondo Solidario Municipal), which has provided over 120 million dollars to municipalities where residents’ incomes have been affected by the pandemic. On June 8, the World Bank predicted Chile’s economy would shrink 4.3 percent this year. In the near future, the Central Bank of Chile (Banco Central de Chile) and the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism of Chile (el Ministerio de Economía, Fomento, y Turismo Chile), will likely establish further credit lines and relief packages for businesses. Small Business Policies The Chilean government has implemented a suite of policies designed to support small businesses facing economic hardship as a result of the pandemic. On March 19, the federal government announced the first policy to support small and medium-sized businesses: 384 billion pesos (USD ~ 500 million) was issued to BancoEstado to distribute emergency loans as part of the Emergency Economic Plan (Plan Económico de Emergencia). On April 8, the government announced the second phase of the program, with new measures aimed to support 2.6 million informal workers. This included a 2.3 trillion peso (USD ~ 3 billion) guarantee fund from BancoEstado and a 1.5 trillion peso (USD $2 billion) income protection plan for vulnerable workers. On April 28, the government announced the Guarantee Fund for Small Business Owners (Fondo de Garantías para Pequeños Empresarios, or FOGAPE), which provides loans with a state guarantee of up to 18 trillion pesos (USD ~ 24 billion) and will benefit 99.8 percent of the country’s companies. Finally, the Chilean government has announced greater flexibility in other government-related small business expenditures. The government suspended, reduced, and/or deferred business payments related to loans, taxes, pensions, and other welfare schemes as well as transferred resources to municipalities and states. Survey Results in Chile Between March 28 and May 19, the COVID-19 Small Business Survey collected the experiences of more than 75,000 businesses in Latin America and the Caribbean, and nearly 9,000 in Chile. The information collected includes the size of the companies, number of layoffs, expectations about the future, and their knowledge of government programs that could help them. From this first survey, we find the following main results: Fact 1: More than half (58.73 percent) of surveyed firms had to lay off a worker in the past months. Fact 2: More than half (59.11 percent) of surveyed firms suspected they would have to lay off a worker in the near future. Fact 3: Over a quarter (29.05 percent) of surveyed firms believed they would not recover from the economic impacts of the COVID-19 crisis within the next two years. Fact 4: Over two-thirds (68.70 percent) of surveyed firms were not aware of any government programs that could assist them. As Figure 3 suggests, small and medium-sized business owners in Chile were less aware of relief programs compared to large business owners. Figure 3: Percentages of surveyed business owners who were aware of relief programs Compared to their counterparts across the rest of Latin America, Chilean business owners appeared to be more aware of relief programs that could help them weather the COVID-19 crisis. This held across firm size, although the gap in knowledge between Chilean business owners and Latin American business owners appeared larger in medium-sized and large firms. These relief programs are geared toward helping businesses recover from the COVID-19 crisis. From our survey, many respondents across Latin America feared that their businesses would not return to normal within two years and some believed that their businesses would never return at all. This picture was mixed in Chile, where respondents, across firm size, seemed more optimistic about their recovery within two years. But, firms that suspected they would not recover within two years appeared less optimistic about their eventual recovery. Figure 4: Percentage of surveyed business owners who believed they would: A. Recover within two years B. If not, ever recover To learn more about the survey and research, please visit covid19sbs.org. .
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