36180 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1975 schools; to the Committee on Education and from such facility; jointly to the Commit on International Relations to begin imme Labor. tees on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, diate studies of the relationship of the Unit By Mr. UDALL: and Ways and Means. ed States with the United Nations and to re H.R. 10715. A bill to establish a Voter Reg By Mr. CONLAN: port, within 3 months, to the Speaker of the istration Administration Within the General H.R. 10719. A bill to reduce and limit U.S. House of Representatives recommendations Accounting Office for the purpose of admin contributions to the United N91tions; to the with respect to whether the manner and istering a voter registration program through Committee on International Relations. nature of such relationship should be the Postal Service; to the Committee on By Mr. CORNELL (for himself and changed; to the Committee on Rules. House Administration. Mr. OBEY): By Mr. JACOBS: By Mr. VIGORITO: H.R. 10720. A b111 to amend the Menomi H.J. Res. 724. Joint resolution designating H.R. 10716. A bill to amend title XX of nee Restoration Act; to the Committee on National Ski Week; to the Committee on the Social Security Act to provide that no Interior and Insular Affairs. Post Office ,and Civil Service. State shall be required to administer individ By Mr. JONES of Tennessee (for him ual means tests for the provision of educa self and Mr. HUBBARD): tion, nutrition, transportation, recreation, H.R. 10721. A bill to amend the authoriza PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS socialization, or associated services provided tion for the West Tennessee Tributaries thereunder to groups of low-income individ project; to the Committee on Public Works Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private uals aged 60 or older, and to limit the fre and Transportation. bills and resolutions were introduced and quEmcy of recertifications of eligibility for By Mr. ROONEY: severally referred as follows: services under such title; to the Committee H.R. 10722. A bill to provide Federal as By Mr. DOWNING of Virginia: on Ways and Means. sistance to the Commonwealth of Puerto H.R. 10724. A b111 for the relief of Alberto By Mr. BEDELL (for himself, Mr. Rico for the construction of a youth recre de la Vega-Ripol; to the Committee on the BAUCUS, Mr. BLANCHARD, Mr. BOWEN, ation center. in honor of Roberto Clemente; Judiciary. Mr. · D'AMoURs, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. jointly to the Committees on Interior and By Mr. LITTON: HALL, Mr. JENRETTE, Mr. LoNG of Insular Affairs, and Government Operations. H.R. 10725. A bill for the relief of Chao Louisiana, Mr. McKINNEY, Mrs. By Mr. WOLFF (for himself and Mr. Hsiung Chang; to the Committee on the MEYNER, Mr. 0BERSTAR, Mr. PATTER BURKE of Florida) : Judiciary. SON of California, Mr. PATTISON Of H.R. 10723. A bill to suspend U.S. partici By Mr. POAGE: New York, and Mrs. SPELLMAN) : pation in the activities of the United Nations H.R. 10726. A bill for the relief of S. Sgt. H.R. 10717. A bill to require committee re General Assembly until the Congress ap George L. Easterwood, U.S. Army (retired); ports on proposed legislation to contain proves renewal of snch participation and to to the Committee on the Judiciary. statements of the reporting and recordkeep cut off all U.S. payments in support of the ing requirements which will be imposed on General Assembly; to the Commit~e on In private business as a result of the enactment ternational Relations. of such proposed legislation; to the Com By Mr. SCHULZE (for himself, Mr. PETITIONS, ETC. mittee on Rules. ARCHER, Mr. DERWINSKI, Mr. EMERY, By Mr. BURGENER (for himself, Mr. Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. KEMP, Mr. Mc Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions BEARD of Rhode Island, Mr. BEDELL, DONALD of Georgia, Mr. MooRE, and and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Mr. HARRINGTON, Mr. JENRETTE, Mr. Mr. WINN): and referred as follows: KETCHUM, Mr. LITTON, Mr. RINALDO, H.J. Res. 725. Joint resolution directing 297. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Mrs. SPELLMAN, Mr. STEPHENS, Mr. the Attorney General to conduct an investi Bo-ard of Commissioners, Kalamazoo County, VAN DEERLIN, Mr. BOB WILSON, and gation of the finances of New York City to Mich., relative to revenue sharing; to the Ms. PETTIS) : determine whether any violations of Federal Committee on Government Operations. H.R. 10718. A bill to guarantee to every laws have contributed to that city's financial 298. Also, petition of Evelyn Karfiol, New resident of any long-term care facility re crisis; to the Committee o~ the Judiciary. York, N.Y., and others relative to defining ceiving .Federal assistance, or providing care By Mr. RYAN: education as an essential service in the event to federally assisted patients, a fair admin H. Res. 862. Resolution to direct the Com of a default by the city of New York; to the istrative hearing prior to his or her removal mittee on Appropriations and the Committee Commtttee on the Judiciary.
E ~XTE , N. SIONS OF REMARKS WILLIAM T. PECORA AWARDS erals, Materials, and Fuels of the Senate ence is taking him seriously, and wtten they SYMPOSIUM Interior Committee, to devise a mecha cease to take him seriously, he isn't going nism to make sure the Nation's minerals to last long. So, let me get on with some seri and mining policy is effectively imple ous speculation and some hard facts. HON. LEE METCALF mented. First, the facts. OF MONTANA For the better part of two days we have I commend Senator DoMENICI's speech heard from some of the foremost scientists IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES to my colleagues and hope that his in the field of satellite technology and geo Wednesday, November 12, 1975 warnings are heeded by Government logic surveying, exto111ng the virtues of our policymakers. I insert the full text of LANDSAT program. ' Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, I was Senator DoMENICI's speech to the Pecora And, I agree, as a member of the Senate pleased to see the exceptionally large Awards dinner to be printed in the REc Aeronautics and Space Sciences Committee, turnout of sdentists, technical experts, ORD. the LANDSAT has not only been a majqr and Government and agency officials at breakthrough for the present, but holds the There being no objection, the address promise of an even greater future as we try the recent William T. Pecora Awards was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Symposium, cosponsored by the U.S. as follows: to solve the energy, materials, and minerals Geological Service, the American Min crises we confront. ing Congress, and many professional ADDRESS BY U.S. SENATOR PETE V. DOMENICI The facts are clear. More than 121 nations groups, in Sioux Falls, S. Dak. last week. I am honored to be here today with you have used data gleaned by the satellites. This intense interest in the successful all and especially at this awards ceremony in Private enterprise has composed about 40 honor of Dr. W111iam Pecora. My congratula percent of users. Data from the satellite has use of LANDSAT program of the Gov tions to Dr. Bockmann and Dr. Nordburg on ernment to seek out energy and mining become an important part of the research their outstanding work and their awards. effort by energy companies. sources should encourage all Americans Winston Churchill once joked, "I always We can truly point to the LANDSAT pro concerned about self -sufficiency for the avoid prophesizing because it is much better gram as a great example of space-age tech Nation in these areas. to prophesy after the event has already taken nology working to solve an earth-bound prob This success shows that proper use of place." lem. And the American people need to be told some space-age technology can help I am going to break the Honorable Mr. this. They need to know that the mi111ons solve Earth problems. Churchill's rule today and engage, 1f not they have sent to Washington to support I was especially interested in the re in a little prophecy, at least in a little specu the space program are returning dividends lation, With you all. If I sound a little serious, to the nation and to society. marks of my colleague from New Mexico, or a little grim, I hope you excuse me. You But, they need to know something else. Senator PETE DoMENICI, who has shown know, Will Rogers warned that "a comedian They need to know that this nation's failure great interest in the field of mineral and can only last till he either takes himself to implement the Mining and Minerals Policy mining policy for the country. He and I serious or his audience takes him serious." Act of 1970 threatens to undo all the benefits have coauthored legislation, now pend I turn around W1ll's comment by saying that our advanced technology promises us. ing before my Subcommittee on Min- a politician can last only as long as his audi- This nation begs for a coherent minerals November 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36181 policy. Failure to devise this national pollcy the Interior for Energy and Minerals. At the This research has been financed by the has put us in the position of being prey to American Mining Congress' own Mining Con government. Our Congress has appropriated potential minerals embargoes of greater vention, Dr. Carlson warned that cur de monies for the Los Alamos work. It is not threat to our economic security than even pendency on foreign sources for critical min a secret project. the oil embargo. erals is increasing dramatically. He drew that At the same time, the Department of In Let us go back in time, more than a decade. ominous parallel between increasing depend terior has shelved a plan to store helium and Let us recall that back in those now-misty ency on oil, and the embargo that flowed literaly hundreds of thousands of cubic feet days of the early 1960's geologists and energy from our lack of self-sufficiency, and the of it are being vented into the atmosphere specialists from throughout the nation were minerals situation of today. right now. warning of an energy crises in the 1970's. As important, Dr. Carlson noted that an In the very near future-seven to ten The federal government even issued a report, increasing trend toward excluding all mining years-we are going to need that helium for indicating that this nation could not depend from federal lands has combined with our our new transmission lines. And, we are go forever on oil and gas to fuel its economic growing need for foreign-produced minerals. ing to pay outrageous prices to reclaim it boom, and that we were growing even more This combination holds potential dangers for from the very atmosphere we are sending dependent upon foreign sources. our economy and our security. it to now. But, gas was 20 cents a gallon, natural gas It's all very well to discuss possible prob Is that a materials policy? I sometimes was being sent into the air by the trillions lems, you may say, but do you have any in wonder if Congress ever talks to the bu of cubic feet each year, and Americans paid stances where our failure to implement the reaucracy, or the agencies to each other. no heed. Worse, America's policymakers paid Mining and Minerals Policy Act of 1970 has We are going to need helium, so let's make no heed, and government reports languished hurt the nation already? And, I have such plans to conserve it. We may need strategic on the shelf. instances. stockpiles of copper, and many other min We were told the internal and religious First, let me reveal what I call the "Great erals, so let's not deplete them, but keep difference among the nations that now form Copper Caper of 1974." them steady or increase them. the Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Congress authorized the disposal of part The Pentagon, and some weapons makers, Countries were too great to make unified, of the nation's stockpile of copper in the have made their concern over strategic min cartel action by them possible. The talk of an 93rd Congress. The General Services Admin erals known. It has established a Materials embargo was pooh-poohed. After all, we were istration proceeded to dispose of about Steering Group to keep abreast of materials told, America is the biggest user and without 251,000 tons of refined copper, in competitive outlooks in critical minerals and ma.terials. us, those nations have no place to sell their bidding. Aluminum, titanium, chromium, and oil. The government received about 90 cents nickel have come under close scrutiny by How similar that all sounds to what is now per pound for the copper from its stockpile. the Pentagon planners, since these materials happening in the area of minerals. We are Yet, domestic copper was frozen at 68 cents especially, are in short domestic supply and told that tin exporters and nickel exporters per pound and domestic producers, under a are largely purchased from foreign producers. and aluminum exporters can never really Department of Commerce order, were in We should emulate on a government-wide make a cartel work against us because of dif cluded under a defense priorities system that scale the Pentagon's prudence. ferences among these nations' forms of gov meant they had to sell their copper to de Today, I am pleased to tell you that Sena ernments, because of differences in their cul fense customers a.t that frozen price. And tor Lee Metcalf has written me and told me tures. Talk of a possible embargo on these still, the government was selling copper at of progress on our bill, which would creatP. a minerals is again, just as talk of an oil 90 cents per pound. You will all remember National Minerals Council to implement the embargo 10 years ago, brushed aside as not that the international, unfrozen price of Mining and Minerals Policy Act. This bill, realistic. · copper exceeded $1.10 a pound at the same S. 552, was co-authored by Senator Metcalf, It happened, need I remind you, in oil, time. and his Subcommittee on Minerals will soon despite the assurances of the economists. It I argued for a halt to the sale. The sale begin public hearings on it. happened just like the professionals in the proceeded anyway. I asked for a GAO investi Senator Metcalf's letter to me, writtP-n field warned it could. gation of stockpile liquidation in general earlier this month, is good news. It is good Today, the professionals are warning us and inquired whether or not we could sim news for America and good news for min again. They are again like voices in the wil ply sell some of our stockpile copper, needed erals producers and users. It means that we derness, warning a public that seemingly for defense and security purposes, to these are going to take the first legislative step cannot hear and advising a government that defense and security purchasers. It seemed toward creating a central agency to coordi seemingly will not hear. so logical to me. But, the government pro nate our nation's minerals activities. It Again, a federal agency has warned of an ceeded under Congressional order to move means that we will have independent judg impending material and minerals crisis. In at cross-purposes, announcing a final sale ment on our vulnerability and on our re the United States Geological Survey report of stockpiled copper just one month before source strengths. I urge you all to support this year, "Mineral Resources Perspectives," the copper-exporting nations of tlie world this bill and to encourage its goals. we are warned that we are overly-dependent met to discuss joint pricing in Zaire. That In addition, I have decided, based upon on foreign sources for many critical minerals. was two weeks after the bauxite-rich na the events of the past two years, to push two When I first studied this problem, in late tions jointly raised their prices. other pieces of legislation. First, I have in 1973, this nation was already entirely de The handwriting was already on the wall. troduced a bill that would direct federal de pendent for some critical minerals on foreign The problem was, and is, that two govern partments to undertake an immediate review producers. As I said in a March, 1974, Senate ment hands were writing on two different of public lands withdrawn by executive ac speech, "Most Americans do not realize just walls and neither knew, apparently, about tion from minerals exploration. how little of critical metals and materials the other. Here we are liquidating a stock This b1ll responds directly to the Mining we now provide for ourselves. Unfortunately, pile at the very time our imports were in and Minerals Policy Act of 1970, which noted this nation has never bothered to devise a creasing with severe economic consequences that it was the government's responsibility policy that will make sure we always have for private industry. There we were sup to encourage private enterprise in orderly enough of these strategic and critical ma posedly implementing a Mining and Min development of domestic mineral resources. terials." As the USGS report notes, this situ erals Policy Act, but without a central mech We can no longer afford the iuxury of mil ation has worsened. anism for doing it. lions of acres of federal land with mineral The United States is almost entirely de That was my introduction to the minerals resources lying uninventoried ahd useless. pendent on foreign nations for manganese, The other bill I have begun to draw, and mess in government. Incidentally, the GAO which I hope to introduce soon, would pro cobalt, chromium, titanium, niobium, stron did make a report at my insistence this tium, and sheet mica. We are more than 75 vide for a one-year complete moratorium on March on stockpiles of strategic minerals the sale or other disposal from our stock percent dependent in aluminum, tin, plati held by the government. Lo and behold, num, tantalum, bismulth, fluorine, asbestos, piles of strategic and critical materials. This GAO came to the conclusion that stockpile bill, which I have held otr on for ,.,everal and mercury. We receive more than 50 per objectives of strategic and critical materials cent of our zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, nickel, months while hoping that other remedies should be reconsidered because of shortages. were possible, would give us a chance to cadmium, and potassium from other coun I move now to helium, another example evaluate our minerals situation and possible tries. Even in such minerals as copper, iron, of abject failure to communicate between strategic stockpile needs in the future. lead, salt, and magnesium, we are signifi government agencies and Congress. We can no longer allow the finest spacP. cantly dependent upon foreign nations, na One of the solutions to the energy crisis age technology in the world, a technology t1'0riS whose governments have become in is to improve our electrical transmission that holds promise to deliver us from de creasingly hostile to our own. lines. At Los Alamos Scientific Laboratories, pendency on foreign nations for our minerals And, as the USGS report concludes, this in my state, great research has been done. and oil and gas, to be hamstrung by lack of slavish dependence is unnecessary. The na We are near a breakthrough. Soon, if the coherent minerals policy. The work 0f NASA, tion has vast mineral resources, but lack of lab's work is turned into practical applica your work, and the future of the American a uniforin minerals policy has crippled ef tion, we will be able to transmit huge quan people demand that space-age technology forts to identify and appraise our true min tities of electricity through very tiny lines combine with modernized policy to protect erals situation. Obviously, such an ostrich great distances-and with virtually no loss the nation's economy and the nation's secu like policy bodes great danger to the nation. of electricity. rity. Late last month, this refrain was echoed But, we are going to need a lot of helium NASA has done its job. It has given us by Dr. Jack Carlson, Assistant Secretary of to make this system work. the technology. USGS is doing its job. It 1B 36182 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1975 using the technology to make data available out for New York. But there's a mighty big Last month, as the Natural Gas Emer and is warning us of possible danger We difference between a bail-out and assistance. gency act was moving through the Senate, have the tools. We have a goal. We have will The City and the State have taken remedial an amendment was added that would have ing professionals. action. The movement of reform seems solid. made it unlawful within five years for a ma Now, it is up to the Congress to move What is needed now is the firm hand of jor oil company to operate in more than one quickly toward establishing a policy mecha the Federal government to provide the area of crude-oil production, transportation nism that can make sure all of our tools are strength to see us through. or refining-marketing. The amendment used most efficiently to meet our goals. failed by a 54 to 45 vote. That is the least we in Congress can do. The second amendment offered to the It would qe more than ironic, it would be natural-gas-deregulation bill would have tragic, if the work of such innovators as Dr. OIL INDUSTRY PLANNING INTEN forced the 15 largest crude-oil producing Pecora and his successors were not fully real companies to "divorce all interests in refin ized because of a failure by national leader SIVE LOBBYING EFFORT ing, transportation and marketing." It was ship. defeated 49 to 40. HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES A related amendment to the same bill would have affected the 20 largest crude-oil FEDERAL ACTION NOW OF NEW JERSEY producing companies, denying them the right IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to own any other form of energy, such as Wednesday, November 12, 1975 coal or geothermal energy. It was defeated, HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL 53 to 39. , OF NEW YORK Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, the Wall Both oil and political observers interpret these votes as stunningly close under the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Street Journal of November 11, 1975 re ports that the American Petroleum In circumstances. Sen. Hollings, for example, Wednesday, November 12, 1975 estimates that if every Senator had been on stitute will, according to its president, hand, the margin would have been 52 to 48. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, it is time Frank Ikard, earmark a "substantial In other words, nearly half the Senate ap for us to take decisive action to help New part of its budget" for a "grassroots" pears to consider the oil industry's leading York City out of its financial woes. With campaign as a countermeasure to legis companies to be uncompetitive. It is also every passing day of inaction, New York lation pending in Congress that would known that some Senators who voted against falls deeper into financial peril. Many of require divestiture of the major vertically divestitutre have claimed that they favor my colleagues are under the false impres and horizontally integrated oil corpora it but would prefer to see such a bill con sidered on its own merits after extensive sion that we are seeking a total bail-out tions. public hee..rings. for New York. This is not the case. We The House Judiciary Subcommittee on Oil men have been chagrined as well as must see to it that New York receives im Monopolies and Commercial Law is cur surprised at the narrowness of the margin mediate financial aid. New York State rently conducting hearings involving, in the Senate. "It was like a bolt of light and the city have already taken those among other possibilities, divestiture of ning," said a spokesman for one major oil austerity measures which demonstrate industry holdings. In the interest of ap company. As a result, Clifton C. Garvin Jr., to all of us in Federal Government that chairman of Exxon Corp., the world's big prising Members of this announced lob gest oil company, suggests that the industry we are serious about placing our house bying effort on the part of the API, 1 in "has to review a lot of its efforts because in order. No further cutbacks can be sert in its entirety the Wall Street Jour "this isn't a problem that will go away over· made without causing a total breakdown nal article of November 11: night." in the city. The Federal Government [From the Wall Street Journal, Nov. 11, 1975] Mr. Garvin and many others in the oil in. must now provide the emergency as OIL INDUSTRY GROUP PLANS BIG CAMPAIGN dustry say they are convinced that breaking sistance to insure that the city survives. To BLOCK LEGISLATION To SPLIT UP FIRMS up the big oil companies wouldn't harm just I would like to share with my colleagues stockholders of those companies but eventu CHICAGO.-A Washington lobbyist for a ally would hurt fuel consumers. "We can't an editorial that was recently aired over major oil company is circulating a "press help but conclude that the end result for one of the local television stations in release" here that purports to announce the the consumer would be higher costs and New York. These comments underscore filing by 20 major oil companies of a lawsuit scarcer supplies," Mr. Garvin said. the need for immediate action. I urge to break up the eight most influential Sena His comments generally are echoed by my colleagues to seriously consider these tors on Capitol Hill into "lots of little law other oil men, including independent oil views. The editorial follows: makers.' ~ producers, interviewed at the API meeting The press release, obviously, is tongue-in yesterday. The Independent Petroleum Asso Without Federal help, the City of New cheek, but, parody aside, there is growing York will be bankrupt by year's end-tapped ciation of America, or IPAA, which represents concern within the oil industry about the in 4,100 oil producers who often are at odds out, broke, unable to pay its bills. That's creasing threats toward "divestiture"-the not a threat. It seems a certainty. with the major oil companies, in fact, al potential breaking up of the bigger oil com ready has approved its own policy statement Sixty per cent of the nation's bankers in panies into lots of smaller companies. convention here this week hold that view. regarding potential divestiture of the ma That concern was evident yesterday jors. That statement essentially draws the So does the outfit that rates all the bond clearly overshadowing the hot issue of petro issues, Standard and Poor's. Its president, same conclusion as Mr. Garvin's, noting ad leum pricing-as the American Petroleum ditionally that the breaking up of the major Brenton Harries, told those bankers, "As un Institute's annual meeting began. The oil in companies wouldn't benefit the independents. palatable as the spectre of Federal interven dustries' big trade organization promptly tion is, the social and economic consequences Harry Trueblood, chairman of Consolidated began a "grass roots" campaign intended as Oil & Gas Co., a Denver-based oil and gas of default of the proportions we are facing a countermeasure against possible divesti producer, said that the IPAA "took that posi clearly makes it the lesser of two evils." ture. tion because of the fear it (divestiture) is Congress is now considering rescue legis "Divestiture is suddenly the industry's nothing more than a move toward national lation-basically Federal loan guarantees to No. 1 problem," asserted Frank Ikard, the ization" of the entire oil industry. "This is states trying to save their cities from finan former Texas Congressman who is API's an overt move to cripple the industry," he cial collapse. Such guarantees would be ac president. said. companied by stiff requirements for reform. But even as the API was beginning its Clearly, however, all segments of the oil That is as it should be. countermeasure, which will involve the industry aren't so vociferously opposed to For the Federal plan to work, Congress spending of vast sums, two of the Senators divestiture actions aimed at the major oil must act quickly between its lengthy Co considered among the leading proponents of companies. Edwin Jason Dryer, general sec lumbus Day, Veterans' Day and Thanksgiv divestiture were meeting a block away with retary of the Independent Refiners Associa ing recesses. And the balky Ford Administra the Society of Gasoline Marketers of Amer tion of America, advocates a "moderate" al tion-accurately termed "simplistic and neg ica. The two Senators, Ernest Hollings (D., ternate to divestiture that would require in ative" toward the City's crisis by Governor S.C.), and Gary Hart, (D., Colo.), didn't tegrated petroleum companies (those with Carey-must wake up to reality. Shallow sug leave any doubt-with the gasoline market crude-oil production refining and marketing gestions like raising the sales tax to 10 per ers, at least-that they intend to press even operations) to operate their divisions as cent or grinding out another study of the harder in their stepped-up efforts to break separate profit centers. Mr. Dryer said he be welfare situation are not the answers. up the oil companies. Lieves such a change in antitrust laws re There are two overriding reasons for Fed "We should have it back in the Senate by quiring this separation would put independ eral assistance in this crisis. First, it is over next spring, and definitely before the next ent refiners on the same competitive basis due-primarily for a history of Federal anti election," Sen. Hart said. as the major oil companies in the acquisi urban legislation and interference. And sec The Senate alree.dy has come surpris tion of crude oil. ond-and most important-because it is to ingly close in trying to force the oil compa The oil industry nonetheless hopes to the benefit of all Americans to do so. nies to spin off major parts of their opera- change public opinion regarding divest.iture. WCBS does not believe in a Federal bail- tions. · The industry's spokesmen are convinced that November 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36183 Congressmen favoring divestiture are ap That cut represents the generation of U.S. tempt to glut the bill to even the present pealing for mass votes and that if the ap weapons that is intended to counter the new Administration. There has been a number of parent animosity toward the industry can be Soviet weapons-continuing development on administrations that have attempted to do overcome at the grass-roots level, then the the B-1 bomber, the Trident submarine, the so. Congressmen's views also will change. covey of new fighter planes from the F-15 to And as I think, as Mr. Rothwell pointed "If people really understood our business, the F-17, and so forth. out, this effort seems to breed down at the the popular clamor for divestiture would dis The issue before Congress as it considers Department of Justice. I too had the pleasure appear overnight," Charles Spahr, chairman the defense budget is not whether it meets of serving there as well as in the Congress. of Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) , said. some arbitrary congressional limit on spend You just see it there. It is also kicked For its countermeasure, the 8,500-member ing, but whether it is needed to make the around by the American Bar Association API will commit a "substantial part of its United States secure. The proposed $90.2 bil every year at their meetings. I think the at budget," Mr. Ikard said. Among other things, lion figure fails to meet this criterion. tack comes from attorneys more than any the API plan to establish a vastly expanded one else. It is interesting that the present public relations program and to finance vari Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop ous industry studies by university academi ment for example in her early days of au cians and others on the economic "advan NATIONAL FEDERATION OF INDE thorship wrote a book for McGraw Hill on tages" of oil companies having operations How to Start a Law Practice off the Robin in multiple segments of the industry. PENDENT BUSINESS URGES VIG son and Patman Act. I don't think that that OROUS ENFORCEMENT OF ROB is the way to start a law practice. In fact as INSON-PATMAN ACT Mr. Dixon said, it is almost a dormant mat ter right now as far as the Robinson and Patman Act is concerned. DEFENSE CUTS UNWISE HON. JOE L. EVINS But whenever I talk to these gentlemen OF TENNESSEE at Justice or anybody else from the Ameri can Bar Association or what have you, one HON. BOB WILSON IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the questions I ask is why are we going Wednesday, November 12, 1975 to revisit Goodyear and Anheiser Busch cases OF CALIFORNIA and why do we have to revisit A&P cases? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, And now A&P has its price and pride cam Wednesday, November 12, 1975 the Honorable Mike McKevitt, Wash paign. Borden's milk is the latest of their ington counsel for the National Feder dilemmas. Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, ation of Independent Business, recently I think it is a situation that is going to under leave to extend my remarks in the testified before the Special Ad Hoc Sub have dramatic impact on small and inde RECORD, I include the following: committee on Anti-Trust, the Robinson pendent businesses across the country. I (From the San Diego Union, Nov. 3, 1975] think the latest point that gives it a flare is Patman Act and Related Matters of the this consumer advocacy, that is, this big DEFENSE CUTS UNWISE House Small Business Committee on be pitch that the consumer is going to benefit It was refreshing to read the ather day half of the Robinson-Patman legislation, from it. I think it may be a temporary bene that Sen. William Proxmire of Wisconsin stating that it "is essential to the pres fit but I don't think it is going to be a long used opinions of the Central Intelligence ervation of free and open competition in term benefit to the consumer because in Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency reality where that difference is made up, is in arguing with Secretary of Defense James American industry." Mr. McKevitt, a former Member of a feed back to the-stockholders. Let's face it, R. Schlesinger over the rate of the Soviet man is not perfect by any means and as a military buildup. Congress, charged that repeal of this result we have to face reality as to what is Mr. Schlesinger believes that the Soviet landmark piece of legislation, as has re going to flow out of this. Union "may be outspending us by 50 per cent cently been suggested by officials of the I think, for example, House Judiciary on defense." Sen. Proxmire released the Ford administration, would have a major Committee put it very distinctly when it testimony of both William E. Colby, director impact on the economy of the Nation. said: "this committee is of the opinion that of the CIA, Lt. Gen. Daniel 0. Graham, DIA the evidence is overwhelming that price director, in heatedly challenging the budget A former Assistant Attorney General, McKevitt also charged that e:fforts tore discrimination practices exist to such an ex figures. tent the survival of independent merchants, The use of the CIA and the DIA as intel peal this act "seems to breed down at manufacturers, and other businessmen is ligence authorities, which they are should the Department of Justice" and that it seriously impaired and immediate legislation help remind American citizens that these "Just isn't in vogue" at the Federal is necessary". agencies do serve an essential function in Trade Commission. helping to preserve the security of the United Chairman Patman also put it very well States--whatever their overzealousness may Because of the interest of my col when he said: "In the course of the consider have been in the past. This point was partic leagues and the American people in this ation of the proposed legislation Congress ularly underlined in the Proxmire-Schle important matter, I place in the RECORD found that price discrimination had been a singer exchange because the senator from herewith a portion of the statement weapon of sellers who held some degree of Wisconsin is not exactly a champion of the monopoly power. made by Mr. McKevitt to the subcom This power has been effectively employed intelligence community. mittee. Unfortunately, the remainder of Sen. by powerful sellers effectively destroying Proxmire's share of the dialogue was not The statement follows: competition and it has the tendency to cre inspiring. STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE MIKE ate stronger monopolies." The simple fact is that all of the informa McKEviTT So as a result of all this, I think one of tion that we have about the spending of the Mr. Chairman, I appear today on behalf of the answers is "why don't we have more Soviet Union on its military forces is but an the National Federation of Independent Busi activism at FTC?" Why don't we have peo educated estimate. The Russians are a tight, nesses which is an organization now having ple down there with the concern of the gen closed society and the variables such as a mmebership of 431,000 small and independ tleman to your right, Commissioner Mcin categories of military spending and morale dent business firms across the country. tyre, and others? factors cloud the value of raw budget figures. They are extremely concerned about the I think there are abuses right now that If, however, our educated estimates are latest talk about repealing the Robinson exist. I think one of the answers, and I would placed in proximity to what we can see, it is Patman Act or even modification of it. There hope this Ad Hoc Committee would do so, evident that the Soviet Union is not stinting are several bills pending now, for example, is to direct some of its interest to the FTC on defense. Its navy is modern, larger than which in effect I think of us at the table and the Robinson-Patman law enforcement. Food and of Lev Gendin, as it was related to me H.R. 7575 IS AN ILLUSION OF CON Drug Administration, to mention only a by his cousin, Dr. Richard E. Gandin of SUMER PROTECTION few. If, as the supporters of H.R. 7575 Fullerton, Calif. This story should cause contend, these agencies are not doing us all to appreciate anew the blessings of their jobs properly, the answer is better being a citizen of the United States. HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE congressional oversight, not the creation Lev Gendin was one of six Jews who, OF MICHIGAN of an additional agency. after the Soviet-American trade-for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Finally, it is important to note that emigration deal was announced in 1973, there is no such thing as a single con had gone into the countryside to collect Wednesday, November 12, 1975 sumer interest to be protected and repre information on Jews in smaller cities and Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, in my view, sented. In any given situation, there are a villages who also might wish to emigrate H.R. 7575 affords only the illusion of con host of consumer interests such as low but who might face different harass sumer protection while creating a very price, high quality, good performance, ment than those in Moscow. real and potentially very costly bureau durability, and safety. These objectives On November 10, 1973 Gendin was ar cracy. I therefore opposed this measure often conflict with each other, and many rested in the town of Kishinev and sen when it came before the Congress last consumers will inevitably be unhappy tenced to 15 days for ''disgraceful be Thursday and hope my colleagues will be with the position advocated by the Con havior and bad language." As he was put able to sustain the Presidential veto sumer Protection Agency. The question into solitary confinement, Gendin de which may be forthcoming. may then arise as to whether we should clared a hunger strike. On the sixth day The cumbersome and counterproduc- give the same power of intervention to 36190 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 1.2, 1975 those groups who feel they are not being of code violations include malfunctioning gram. The Section 312 loan program was to adequately represented by the ACP. heating systems, plumbing systems with have ended in July 1975 and a local loan leaks, poor electrical wiring, and structural program for rehabilitation established in its The American people have made it faults such as a leaking roof or a wall with place. However, Congress extended the Sec clear that they are disenchanted with cracked plaster and peeling paint. As such, tion 312 loan program for another year Government growth, Government cost, the program serves as a tool for neighborhood (through August 22, 1976) with the pas and Government interference in their improvement. This will be discussed later in sage of the Emergency Housing Act of 1975. lives. I would therefore urge my col the article. Under this extension, all federally-assisted leagues to defeat this ineffectual and un Structures located in Neighborhood Im rehab111tation projects are eligible for the workable piece of legislation before it is provement Program (NIP) areas are eligible loans. Thus, Community Development, NIP, too late and concentrate on improving for Section 312 loans. NIP areas are areas NDP, and CCE areas are still eligible. designated by the local government for im THE LOAN PROCESS consumer protection activities. provement. These areas are feasible for re habilitation, because although they show There are several steps in obtaining a Sec the beginning signs of blight, they can still tion 312 loan, as outlined by King Peter be saved. The city invests in these areas by son, Assistant Project Manager with the De LOAN PROGRAM ASSISTS URBAN installing public improvements such as new partment of Community Development at RENEWAL EFFORTS street lights and public parks, and makes re City Hall. The first step in the process is pairs on streets and sidewalks. In turn, the inspection to verify that the property has homeowner is encouraged to improve his code violations that must be corrected to HON. HENRY J. NOWAK property. bring the property into compliance with all applicable codes and ordinances. In Buf OF NEW YORK Section 312 loans allow the property owner whose property has been cited for property falo, this is accomplished by the Depart IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES code violations to borrow up to a certain ment of Inspections and Licenses. Wednesday, November 12, 1975 statutory debt limit to bring the property There are three ways of initiating inspec up to at least minimum code standards. In tion, the first of which is voluntary, where Mr. NOWAK. Mr. Speaker, in a recent addition, the owner-occupant (of a one to single and two-family homes are inspected edition of its newsletter-Housing Per four-dwelling-unit structure) may borrow up on request. A committee of neighborhood spectives-the Housing Council of the to 40 per cent above the estimated cost of residents may decide that a house is a Niagara Frontier, Inc., provided a clear, correcting incipient and existing code viola blighting influence and request that the detailed explanation of how the section tions for general improvements which he or city begin code enforcement actions on that 312 rehabilitation loan program func she may desire, such as new kitchen cabinets, property. Third, all multiple dwellings wall-to-wall carpeting, or new bathroom (three or more units) are supposed to be tions. fixtures. inspected and brought into compliance with These low interest-3 percent-loans The interest rate on the loan is three per the law. are available in specially designated cent for a three to twenty-year term, and Once the inspection takes place and the areas of a community which are begin there is no penalty for prepayment. The term property owner indicates tha. t s/he desires ning to show the early stages of blight. of the loan would be $5.55 per month per assistance, the agency for community de Congress this year extended this pro $1,000 over the length of a twenty-year loan. velopment assigns two officers-a loan spe gram until August 1976. The monthly cost at a market rate of ten cialist and a. rehabi11tation construction spe This program not only helps preserve per cent per $1,000 for twenty years would cialist. These specialists provide technical be $9.66. Existing and incipient violations assistance in determining the nature, ex urban neighborhoods and boost com must initially be corrected; general improve tent, and approximate cost of renovating res munity confidence, it also enables prop ments may follow. Homeowners who apply idential structures. erty owners to make necessary repairs and are eligible 'for Section 312 loans can The loan specialist examines the home to make their homes and businesses also have their mortgages refinanced at three owner's financial background, including safer, more livable, and more attractive. per cent if they meet certain guidelines. such information as the homeowner's age, In conjunction with a well-planned However, mortgage refinancing under the employment situation, and whether the municipal program for improving com program doesn't occur very often because of homeowner is current in state and federal munity facilities like sidewalks, streets, statutory requirements that only infre taxes, has a bank account, and if there is a quently exist for eligibility. mortgage or lien on the property. and parks, this rehabilitation loan pro The owner need not live in the property to The loan specialist then decides if the gram can make a marked contribution to obtain the loan, and it is available to land homeowner is a good risk, and if so, assem the revival of our cities. lords and tenants of commercial property bles a package of gathered verifications of It was with this need in mind that as well as to owner occupants. The loans are the above questions, along with any other on the opening day of this Congress I used to bring the property up to at least documentation required. introduced two bills to permit Federal minimum code standards. At the same time that the loan specialist income tax deductions for homeowners BUFFALO'S REHAB PROGRAM is investigating the homeowner's financal background, the rehab111tation construction and owners of small rental properties The City of Buffalo was the first munici specialist, who has experience in construc who repair or restore older homes. I re pality in Erie and Niagara Counties to use tion repairs, examines the home. For exam main hopeful that these incentives for the Section 312 loan program. It first used ple, if he finds that a wall has a hole in it, improving existing property will eve:Q. Section 312 loans for rehabilitation in its the rehabilltation specialist will describe var tually be approved by Congress. Concentrated Code Enforcement (CCE) ious remedies and recommend which one At this point, Mr. Speaker, I would Program, which began in 1968. Of the six would be best for the homeowner. He does areas originally designated for improve this for each violation cited on the property, like to share with my colleagues this ex ments, Allentown-Lakeview has been con tremely readable article from Housing and provides an estimate of the total cost cluded, Hamlin Park is winding down, and of repairs. If the homeowner has no pre Perspectives. the other four-Broadway-Flllmore, Fruit ferred contractor and if the cost exceeds SECTION 312 REHABILITATION LOANS Belt, Emslie, and South Ellicott-have been $10,000, the Department of Community De Within the past few years the concept of included in the Neighborhood Development velopment will advertise, in the newspapers, urban renewal has changed from one of Program (NDP), the second phase of the for formal bids at no cost to the homeowner. destroying eXisting substandard structures federally-funded rehabilitation program. Contractors then look over the property with to rehabilitation of such buildings. Com CCE and NDP both featured public improve out knowing the agency's original cost esti munities now realize the value of keeping ments in the neighborhoods eligible for mates. existing housing and neighborhoods, and Section 312 loans. However, NDP differed A minimum of three bids are solicited, prefer this to the older renewal programs from CCE in two ways: instead of a. large from which the lowest responsible qualified under which houses in need of repair were grant as in CCE, NDP was run on a yearly bidder is chosen. The bids, however, should torn down and new neighborhoods were cre basis, with an annual grant, progress re be no higher or lower than 10 per cent of ated with housing too expensive for the port, and application. NDP offered more fiex the agency's cost estimate. Any bid that is former residents. In addition, rehabilitation ib111ty by combining rehabilitation and more than ten per cent over the original cost is often a less costly and more rapidly imple clearance to suit the needs of the individ estimate indicates that the homeowner is ,mented method of creating new housing ual neighborhoods, whereas the CCE pro not receiving a fair proposal, according to units than demolition and new construction. gram required that every property be Mr. Peterson. One program :for financing rehabilitation is brought into compliance with housing After the contractor is selected, the bid Section 312, a carry-over from previous fed codes, even when it meant a considerable proposal, along with the work write-up, cost eral acts which was extended by the Emer expense to the homeowner. estimate, and the package of assembled veri gency Housing Act of 1975. This program Under the Community Development Act fications of the homeowner's financial back provides loans at a low interest rate for of 1974, all categorical grants for renewal ground, is sent to the Department of Hous property owners to correct existing or incipi programs were to be phased out and re ing and Urban Development (HUD). If the ent code violations in their homes. Examples placed by the municipality's own loan pro- loan is approved, a check is sent to the agen- Nove1nber 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36191 ~ cy for endorsement by the homeowner and overcome, according to Tony Marconi, a. com U.N.--or about 25 percent of the U.N.'s put in an escrow account. The city acts as munity aide. annual budget. a fiduciary agent. Another cause for reluctance in correcting I seriously wonder if the United Na Once the check is deposited in the escrow code violations is the expense involved. Most account, the homeowner sends the contractor residents would rather spend $500 of their tions, as it is presently performing, is a proceed order. The rehab specialist moni own money one year, and $500 the next for worth the money. In recent years, the tors the work as it is being done. When the improvements rather than borrow a. large U.N. has become increasingly inef work is completed, the contractor must give sum of money at three per cent interest. fective-even counterproductive--as a a written warranty to the homeowner in Community workers help convince home stabilizing force in the world. which he specifies that the work is guaran owners that it is really better to borrow the The General Assembly vote this week teed for at least a year. The Department of larger amount ($5,000 for example) at three condemning Zionism as a form of racism Community Development does make provi per cent and put their own money, which sion for progress payments to the contractor they would have spent on repairs, in a bank is just the most recent of a long list of so that he can continue and complete the where it can earn seven per cent interest. A irresponsible actions by that _body and work. family in a NIP area. that earns $9,000 or demonstrates, I think, that the time has Monitoring by the rehab specialist and the $10,000 a year saves approximately $10 or $20 come to reassess our participation in the number of inspections are designed to attract a. week. It would make better sense for this United Nations. only reliable contractors. The inspections, -family to continue to save their money and In connection with the resolution principal strong points of the program, are borrow at low interest rates for rehabilita passed by the General Assembly, I would required to provide the homeowner protec tion. This is what community aides help like to call to the attention of my col tion from fiy-by-night contractors. explain, Mr. Marconi stated. leagues a very thoughtful and perceptive RESPONSE TO PROGRAM The argument can be carried one step fur ther. The cost of repairs for violations and analysis of that resolution which ap Some homeowners whose property has been general improvements may escalate due to peared in this morning's Los Angeles cited for violations object to being forced infia.tion or a. worsening of the condition of Times.' to make repairs and will do anything to the house if the homeowner elects to save avoid complying with repair orders. In some The editorial follows: until he or she can pay for repairs without THE U.N. TAKES TO THE ALLEY cases this is because of legitimate financial borrowing. reasons. In other cases it is a reluctance Efforts are made to publicize the Section The diverse political motives of the 72 based on values, costs, and motivation. 312 loan program and to reach all who own members of the United Nations that voted to People also tend to be reluctant to partici property in the areas wher·e the loans apply. declare Zionism a form of racism and racial pate in any program that requires them to In NIP areas, slingers are distributed from discrimination can be discerned and ex do something that they hadn't planned to do, door to door, and the Department of Com plained, but the moral malice and historical Thomas Murphy, Project Manager for the munity Development sends slingers to land ignorance behind the vote cannot be Department of Community Development, lords whose property in these areas have excused. said in reference to the Section 312 loan been cited for code violations. Block club or Zionism ts the foundation on which the program in the NIP areas. Also, because of ganizations help distribute information, and state of Israel was constructed, not simply the current economic situation, people tend in addition participate in and are encouraged with the sanction but under the legal aus to consider !our factors and decide against to sponsor general public meetings to stimu pices of the same world organization that home improvements in general. One consider late interest, explain options, and answer now votes condemnation. ation, and most important in Mr. Murphy's questions. To judge retroactively that Zionism is in viewpoint, is the increased cost of every All officials interviewed in Buffalo are en herently racist inevitably is to call into thing. Thus, optional repairs are cut out of thusiastic about the program. Jack Case, question the legitimacy of that state-not the budget. Another factor is the high inter Community and Development Represent just what it stands for, but its very existence. est rates, which other people consider the ative at HUD, feels that the program is doing The General Assembly, in fabricating a new most important factor for delaying home im its job as a stimulus to upgrade neighbor definition of Zionism, has implicitly lent provements. Fear of unemployment is a third hoods, and that it is successful because peo strength and provided a measure of political factor, And finally, homeowners weigh the ple can see the results of work done by the justification to those who would destroy cost of their house against the cost of re city and homeowners. He cautioned, how Israel. pairing it ,and the value of the house next ever, that constant maintenance is needed to Reasonable persons can still debate the door. keep houses up to code standards. Lack of wisdom of establishing a modern Jewish This, then, is one reason why the city ~ maintenance after the repairs are completed state in Palestine, but reasonable persons vests in the NIP areas through such public indicates that the program is not accomplish also recognize that the argument has been improvements as new street lights, repair or ing all that it could. irrevocably settled for nearly three decades. repaving of streets and sidewalks, tree trim Mr. Peterson stated that the benefits of the Israel exists; the right of its people to sur ming and removal, and parks. These actions program are tremendous. Without rehabili vival and security in their homeland is not a serve as a springboard for other improve tation, cities would decay even further and subject of responsible argument. ments by the residents when they see that many structurally sound homes in urban Reasonable persons can disagree with some such progress on the part of both the city neighborhoods would be lost. or all of Israel's international policies in and their neighbors increases the market An overall view was provided by Mr. recent years. But the place to dispute those value of their homes. Thus, the initial appre Murphy, who pointed out that community policies is in the international political arena, hension disappears and the programs are suc development is the activity of the future. The and the way to dispute them Is by direct cessful as people overcome their reluctance City of Buffalo is already complete in terms political confrontation among sovereign and invest in their own property. of its housing stock, and these houses will states, not through a back-alley guerrilla at Another reason for apprehension that must provide shelter for its citizens for the next tack on the philosophical underplnnlngs of be overcome before people will participate in twenty years. It is up to the citizen to main a single state. the program is convincing homeowners that tain and improve the houses we already It would be erroneous to ascribe anti the inspections are not a police action. (Re have, and Section 312 loans help to preserve Semitic motives to all of the 72 countries member that inspections are either voluntary existing housing. that voted in support of the Arab-spon or initiated on the recommendation of com More neighborhoods will be included next sored resolution condemning Zionism. It munity groups.) The loan specialist helps ex year for Community Development funds in would be equally wrong to assume that this plain this at public meetings, one means of Buffalo, Mr. Murphy believes. The funds will resolution might not have anti-Semitic con publlcl.zlng the Section 312 loan program. be used for preservation and maintenance sequences in a number of countries. Under the NIP program, inspections are no rather than clearance. Zionism is specifl.cally identifl.ed with the longer universal as they were under NDP and In addition to Buffalo, several other com establishment of a Jewish national home. By CCE. At these meetings, Section 312 is pro munities in the area are participating in the no means are all Jews Zionists, by no means moted as a low-key rehabllltation program, Section 312 loan program, or a similar pro are all Zionists Jews, but for the anti rather than code enforcement. gram. Semite the condemnation of Zionism will community coordinators and block club readily be confused with a condemnation of organizations, both of which help publicize Judaism. That is among the more ugly and the program, have helped tremendously. IRRESPONSmiLITY OF THE U.N. The homeowner, in some instances, may deplorable aspects of the U.N. vote. have invited the inspector to visit his or her It is hard to tell to what larger, let alone home. Through the efforts of community co positive, purpose the vote might be put. HON. ALPHONZO BELL Generally, it aligned the world's shrinking ordinators and block club organizations, peo OF CALIFORNIA ple are learning to deal with neighbors and number of democracies against the world's inspectors on a personal level, whereas in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES growing number of nondemocracies, among past people were hesitant to invite neighbot's Wednesday, November 12, 1975 whom are some of the most brutal and racist and community workers into their homes be states in existence. But has all this furthered cause they feared they were being judged by Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, as you know, the Arab cause, and, particularly, has it what type of television they own or how old the United States currently contributes brought any nearer a. resolution of the Pales their furniture is. These fears need to be in excess of $80 million each year to the tinian issue? That is most unlikely. 36192 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 19'75 If anything, the effect of the vote wlll in investor confidence, will mean $9.5 million private oil and gas companies. The leas make it harder for those forces in Israel that in added interest payments on $939 million ing of over one million square acres of see the necessity of accepting a Palestinian in bonds issued by Ohio and its municipali state to have their opinions considered seri ties, counties, townships, schools and other Outer Continental Shelf territory off the ously. It will intensify Israel's sense of alone jurisdictions. southern California coast, as announced ness, its contempt for the value of the Scores of cities are being forced to cancel by Secretary Kleppe on October 31, rep United Nations, its refusal to consider talks public improvements, a trend that could slow resents not only a flagrant disregard for with the Palestinians. economic recovery, the study said. the well-expressed fears of State and All this without any benefit to the Pales In the last three months, the study said, local officials in California, but also an tinians, save some immediate emotional cities, including Cincinnati, have postponed unprecedented act of affrontery against satisfaction, and a point for preaching to the $1.4 billion in public improvements, causing already converted. But, again, to what end? a loss of 56,000 jobs. this Congress. The mendacity, hypocrisy and moral irres The study by two finan.cial experts sup During the last several months, bi ponsibility evident in the U.N. vote have ports the theory of a domino effect on other partisan voices from California and done nothing to improve the political condi state and local governments from New York within this Congress have challenged the tions that could lead to peace in the Middle City's financial muddle. wisdom of the scheduled lease sale. The East and a homeland for the Palestinians. John E. Peterson, an economist and direc State Attorney General, a Republican, All that has been done with this action tor of the Municipal Finance Officers Associ has filed suit against the Federal Govern is to bring further discredit to the General ation here, and Ronald W. Forbes, associate ment's development plans. The Gover Assembly, and new dishonor to many of its finance professor at the State University of members, deepening the divisions that exist New York at Albany, rebut President Ford's nor, a Democrat, and the State lands in the world community and hardening the contention that ill effects of a New York City commission, have strenuously objected. attitudes of the antagonists. default will be minor. The legislature has passed a bipartisan Peterson's and Forbes' study traces the ero bill prohibiting any OCS pipeline from sion of confidence in the bond market di crossing State lands for a period of 2 rectly to the financial collapse of the New years. This action were it extended, EFFECT OF NEW YORK DEFAUL'r ON York State Urban Development Corp. and would create grave problems in OCS oil states that New York City's fiscal crisis has BORROWING COSTS FOR OTHER hastened the trend of a decline in investor and gas production off California. CITIES . confidence. Lastly, Members of this Congress have Nationally, since bonds sold now will be made clear their opposition to the leas outstanding for many years, the-long-term ing schedule. Nearly 5 months ago I in HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING increase in interest rates for state and local troduced concurrent resolutions, cospon OF OHIO governments outside New York is estimated sored by an overwhelming, bipartisan at up to $1.5 b111ion. majority of the Members from Califor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "We did find there was an upturn in bor Wednesday, November 12, 1975 rowing costs beginning about July 1, because nia, calling for a postponement in the of the New York City crisis," Peterson said. leasing until finalization of State and Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, last "It does show increasing investor concern Federal legislation pertaining to OCS Saturday the lead article in the Cleve for the cz:edit quality in the municipal bond development and coastal zone manage land Plain Dealer concerned a study market. All this is closely related to the ment. A coastal plan, written by a com which showed that the mere fear of a threat of a New York City default." mission established by the voters, will be default by New York has already had a Peterson said the effect of a New York submitted to the legislature within a drastic effect on the borrowing costs for City default would be long-term, somewhat month. Ohio's State and local governments. similar to the municipal defaults of the Great Depression. During the Depression the The Ad Hoc Select Committee on the The article points out that since July 1 municipal bond market was crippled for OCS, of which I am a member, shortly such costs for Ohio governments have al nearly 10 years and the federal government will conclude hearings on pending legis ready soared by $788,800. The study pre formed the Reconstruction Finance Corp. to lation and will begin marking up the bill. dicts that in the long-term, high borrow rescue the market. There has been great movement by the ing costs resulting from the decline in "They~re running a tremendous risk if New people's elected representatives regard investor confidence will add $9.5 million York City is allowed to default," Peterson ing this issue, and I consider it highly to the interest payments on $939 million said. "If we do have a default we'll have a continued decline in the market, a loss of improper for a Federal agency to sweep in bonds issued by Ohio and its local gov appetite for tax exempt bonds." aside congressional and legislative man ernments. In the disclosure that cities are cancellng dates in order to meet an arbitrary leas Furthermore, the article notes, scores public improvements the study said 107 bond ing schedule. of cities are being forced to cancel public issues totaling $1.4 billion have been af There have been a number of meetings improvements, a trend that could slow fected. In examining data from 2,524 tax and discussions in recent weeks involv economic recovery. In Cincinnati, offi exempt bonds issued between January and ing the Interior Department and Cali cials did not get a single bid on $2.2 mil and October of this year Peterson and Forbes fornia officials concerned with the leas lion in bonds to improve recreation fa found that 38.3% of the canceled projects resulted from a lack of bids by investors to ing plans. Interior is fond of viewing this cilities, and other cities have had similar purchase the bonds. interchange as serious consultation with experiences. Boston recently postponed indefinitely a State and local interests. I submit that The study indicates that a New York $59.9 m1111on bond issue for pubUc improve it is really a great deal of form, but pain City default will have an effect similar ments because borrowing costs were too high. fully little substance. The reason for my to the municipal defaults in the Great In P~ttsburgh officials rejected bids on $13.3 Depression, which crippled the bond mlllion in construction bonds for the same conclus~on is that, when all is said and market for nearly 10 years and lead to reason. In Oincinnati officials did not get a done, the authority to decide whether or the formation of RFC by the Federal single bid on $2.2 m11Uon in bonds to 1m not to lease rests entirely with the De Government in order to rescue the mar prove recreation faciUties. Similarly, there partment of Interior, regardless of the were no bidders on $52.5 m1llion in bonds in soundness of the arguments voiced by ket. Buffalo and $52.4 m1llion in Minneapolis. As the study indicates, we would be others. The only right given California's running a tremendous risk if we allow representatives is the right to hold their New York to default. The text of the ar TRANSFER OF PUBLIC RESOURCES own opinion. ticle follows these remarks: TO PRIVATE OIL AND GAS COM Let me point out for my colleagues the [From the Clevel,and Plain Dealer, PANIES hollowness of Interior's claims of coop Nov. 8, 1975] eration with the State. In response to OHIO BORROWING COSTS RISE $788,800-NEW the complaints of numerous States re YORK DEFAULT FEARS BLAMED HON. GEORGE MILLER garding Interior's high-handedness, the (By George P. Rasanen) OF CALIFORNIA Department decides to create an OCS WASHINGTON.-A major study of the im IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Advisory Board to serve as a conduit be pact of a New York City default on bond mar Wednesday, November 12, 1975 tween State governments and the De kets across the nation shows that since July partment. Governors of all coastal States, 1, borrowing costs for Ohio's state and local Mr. MILLER of C.alifornia. Mr. Speak whether or not they were to be affected governments have soared by $788,800. er, in just 3 weeks the Department of by OCS development, named representa The study predicts that in the long term Interior is planning to undertake an tives to the board. higher borrowing costs, caused by a decline enormous transfer of public resources to Several governmental agencies were November 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36193 granted ex officio status on the board, pending enactment of legislation is not county judge in Livingston County in without voting rights. And the Secretary going to interfere with Project Inde 1962. He later became an associate cir of Interior was given the power to ap pendence a bit, and Mr. Kleppe knows cuit judge and in 1971 became a circuit point other board members to balance - this to be the absolute truth. If the Cali judge. opinion, if he saw fit. fornia OCS were leased tomorrow morn Judge Erlenborn and I are both from Now, If the board was to serve as a ing, no oil would come ashore for a Dwight in Livingston County and I have conduit for the transmiSsion of frank minimum of 6 years. Given that time admired his fine career for many years. opinions between the State capitals and frame, the postponement requested by Among his many accomplishments, Washington, one must wonder about the California officials is hardly unreason Judge Erlenborn served as a member of necessity for balancing these views. able, considering that the environmental the advisory board of the Illinois Youth However, when the board actually met in and economic questions involved are of Commission and as a member of the Washington in October, the need for enormous magnitude. board of directors of Big Brothers. In wondering was eliminated. The Secre The fact is that the very oil companies 1966, he was inducted into the Executive tary had seen fit to appoint only one which are anxiously awaiting the Califor and Professional Hall of Fame and he balancing voice, and he was a represent nia sale are right now sitting on millions appears in -Who's Who in Government. ative of the American Gas Association. of barrels of oil and billions of cubic feet Mr. Speaker, all those who have had Let me point out that there is really of natural gas located in nonproducing the honor of knowing Judge Erlenborn little need for diluting the recommenda wells and undeveloped leases elsewhere, realize he will have an active retirement tions of this board for the conclusior...s it particularly in the Gulf of Mexico. and I want to join with the judge's many reaches, like the advice of numerous Studies by the Federal Power Commis friends in acknowledging his years of others who questioned Interior's leas sion over the last year and a half docu dedicated service. An article appearing ing policies, is purely advisory. The board ment the vastness of these underproduc in the Dwight Star and Herald concern could vote against leasing 10 times a day ing resources. Recent testimony before ing Judge Erlenborn follows: every day for a month, and Interior need the Senate Antitrust Subcommittee indi JUDGE Wn.ToN ERLENBORN To RETIRE pay it no more attention than it already cated that, at present, offshore oil and DECEMBER 1 gas were being produced at only 50 per has to those who object to its present Announcement is made of the retirement course. In the light of this lack of au cent the rate established by the Depart of Judge Wilton Erlenborn of the 11th Ju thority, one must conclude that the ad ment of Interior itself. Why is Interior dicial Circuit, effective December 1, 1975, on visory board was created for public so anxious to lease territory which we which date, he will have completed 13 years relations only. In no way doer it repre have not the technological capacity to as a member of Judiciary. sent a willingness by Interior to share develop at present? Surely Interior must Judge Erlenborn was first elected to the responsibility with involved States or realize that the longer those resources position of County Judge of Livingston this Congress. remain underground and under lease to county in 1962, and served in that capacity private interests, the greater becomes from December of that year until January 1, Just prior to Mr. Kleppe's decision to 1964, on which date he became an Associate go ahead with the California sale in De their value and, understandably, the in Circuit Judge, as the former county courts cember, albeit with certain modifica centive for the companies to delay devel were abolished in nunois by virtue of the tions which totally fail to meet the sub opment. amending of Article .6 of the 1870 Tilinois' stantive objections, I met with the Secre I suggest that Interior is proceeding Constitution. He remained an Associate tary to discuss the California situation. with this sale simply because it does not Judge until July 1, 1971, on which date he be Also participating in that meeting were want to admit that its accelerated leasing came a. Circuit Judge under the provisions representatives of the Governor, the schedule was poorly conceived and be of the new Tilinois Constitution of 1970. yond realization. The General Account Prior to December, 1962, Judge Erlenborn mayor of Los Angeles, the legislature, was engaged in private legal practice in and local communities which wouid be ing Office, however, did so conclude, and Dwight. During his years on the Bench, he affected by OCS development. I believe both GAO and other agencies have found heard matters on essential phases of the La.w. that it is fair to characterize this meetil:g substantial problems in both the leasing, He was a graduate of the National College as a last ditch effort by California rep inspection and reporting in the OCS of the State Judiciary, and of the Judges' Ju resentatives to impress upon the Secre program. venile Court Institute. tary their vehement opposition to the Indeed, I seriously doubt that Interior He served as a. member of the Advisory leasing scheduled for our State. has developed a firm policy on OCS devel Board of the Tilinois Youth Commission, Even at this meeting, Mr. Kleppe and opment. I have to wonder when, in one Dist. III; and of the Board of Directors of breath, Secretary Kleppe tells me that he Big Brothers and Sisters Association of illi his representatives voiced their opinion nois, Region V. He participated in the orga that the State has had adequate oppor favors many of the revisions in the OCS nization of the Livingston County Mental tunity to comment upon the planned law which is now before Congress while, Health Association. lease sales. What seems to have wholly in another breath, his deputies inform Judge Erlenborn held membership in addi escaped Mr. Kleppe is that we, in Cali the OCS advisory board that they oppose tional societies, political and social in scope. fornia, quite obviously feel that the right any revision of existing law. While vir He is a Fellow of the International Academy to publicly comment upon decisions tually everyone but Interior favors some of La.w and Science. In 1966, he was inducted already made by Interior is far less con revision of the present OCS act, it is into the Executive and Professional Hall of California which clearly has the most to Fame. His biographical sketch appears in sideration than the State has a right to Who's Who in Government (Second Edition) expect in so critical a matter. Rather lose. It is not a loss which California will for 1975. than briefly postpone the California sale suffer silently. When asked as to his plans for the future to permit Federal and state lawmakers he said: "Well, for one thing, take it easy to finalize revisions in OCS leasing pol for awhile and share more time with my family; meanwhile, pursuing several hobbies icy, Interior seems wedded to a bull DISTINGUISHED JURIST WILTON headed decision which may well result for which I have been collecting materials ERLENBORN TO RETIRE through the years for just such time." in truly extensive delay due to all but The judge continued: "The work of a. inevitable litigation, the only route left judge can be exceedingly gratifying a.t times open to California interests. Rather than HON. TIM L. HALL and frustrating at others. This Circuit gen expediting OCS development, present In OF n.LINOIS erally is staffed with judges of high quality and integrity. My relationship with them terior policy will slow it down for years IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to come by encouraging legal proceed and with the members of the Livingston Wednesday, November 12, 1975 County Bar and of the various other Bars I've ings which will end up costing tax been privlleged to work with has been very payers millions of dollars and which will Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, a distin pleasant and rewarding. cripple our attempts to achieve energy guished public servant, Judge Wilton "To detach oneself permanently from this self -sufficiency. Erlenborn, has announced his retire Brotherhood by the flick of a. pen is not easy, I agree that we must develop our off ment from the 11th Judicial Circuit in but it was the decision-all things con shore reserves. But a short postponement illinois. Judge Erlenborn was first elected sidered-that had to be made." 36194 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS N ove1nber 12, 19·7 5 LEAGUE OF UNITED LATIN AMERI very little, 1f any consideration given to His crease the availability of minorities, includ CAN CITIZENS SPEAKS ON AF panic men and women. As the nation's old ing Hispanics, for acadeinic employment. FffiMATIVE ACTION IN HIGHER est and second largest minority group, we feel HEW should require the development o1 that adequate attention must be paid to this a. Written affirmative action program with EDUCATION populace. goals and timetables to eliminate the under After more than a decade of affirmative U'Pilization or underrepresentation of minor HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL action, there has been little noticeable 1m ities and enforce the adherence to such time provement for the Hispanic in higher edu tables. OF CALIFORNIA cation, particularly at the faculty and pro HEW should require an in-depth internal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fessional levels. The nation has committed analysis of workforces in colleges and uni Wednesday, November 12, 1975 itself to equal opportunity for Ininorities versities in order to identfy problem areas and women in the nation's colleges and uni in affirmative action efforts. Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, the follow versities, yet data has revealed that little The Department of Labor should become ing remarks are excerpted from testi real improvement has occurred even with more definitive of the responsibilities it has mony presented by the League of United implementation of a.ffirmaltive action. Much delegated to HEW under Executive Order Latin American Citizens during Labor of the failure has been attributed to the 11246. lack of enforcement of affirmative action by Department hearings on the current the Federal government. The government's problems affecting Federal affirmative inadequate collection of staltistical data on action employment requirements for in HELPING LATIN STUDENTS FIND the Hispanic in higher education further THE WAY TO COLLEGE stitutions of higher education. Richard strengthens the argument that there re D. Salvatierra, assistant national direc mains a demonstrable need for the effective tor of the LULAC National Education implementation of affirmative action at the HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER Service Center-LNESC-addresses· this nation's colleges and universities. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 OF COLORADO testimony to the severe underrepresen IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tation of Spanish-origin Americans in prohibits the nation's more than 2,800 col leges and universities from discriminating Wednesday, November 12, 1975 our higher educational system, and to on the basis of race, color, or national origin HEW's role in resolving the problem: in the adinission of students and institu Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, the LNESC works in the area of higher educa tional services to students and faculty. Addi League of United Latin American Citi tion in regard to Hispanics. Our headquarters tionally, Executive Order 11246 prohibits em zens National Education Service Centers, is located in Washington, D.C., and we main ployment discrimination on the bases of a national organization which counsels tain eleven offices in nine states across the race, color, sex, and national origin, and Hispanic Americans on college, univer country. Our major objectives are to: 1) in requires affirmative action by institutions crease the number of educationally disad holding government contracts. sity, and postgraduate education oppor vantaged persons attending America's col Many institutions of higher learning have tunities, was the subject of a feature leges and universities with special emphasis argued to exempt themselves from imple story in the Washington Star. Because on Hispanic-American students; 2) increase menting affirmative action on the basis that NESC is playing a forceful role in in the retention rate among Hispanic-American these laws should not apply to them as com creasing education opportunities for students; and 3) increase the awareness of pared to the other public and private em large numbers of Spanish-surnamed stu the educational problems faced by the His ployment sectors of the economy. However, dents I wanted to share the article with panic community to institutions of higher views expressed in the Senate Committee my colleagues: education, foundations, corporations, and on Labor and Public Welfare Report on the federal agencies with the intent to bring Equal Employment Opportunities Act of HELPING LATIN STUDENTS FIND THE WAY about an increased concentration of re 1971 explicitly stated, "the presence of dis TO COLLEGE s0urces on the problem. crimination in the nation's educational in EASING THE TRANSITION FROM THE BARRIO According to the 1970 census, Hispanics stitutions is no secret. Statistics for these TO HARVARD constituted approximately 6% of the total institutions indicate minorities and women (By Elizabeth Roach) population, yet only 1.9% of America's col are precluded from the most prestigious and Rick Manzanares met Enrique Vargas one lege students and only 1% of the total grad higher paying positions, and are relegated day when Vargas, a year away from graduat uate school enrollment were of Hispanic to the more menial and lower paying jobs." ing from Southern Colorado State College, heritage. Of the bachelors degrees earned in Affirmative action was intended to be the was looking for information on graduate 1970, Hispanics accounted for only 1.2%. For driving vehicle to bring about equal oppor school. those earning a doctorate degree in 1972- tunities for minorities, including the His "He was super-aggre.!Bive, very self-confi 1973,it was a disparate 0.8%. panics, who had been for the most part dent and wouldn't leave us alone," said Man The highest concentration of Hispanics is effectively shut out from full participation in zanares, who was then director of the Colo found in the Southwest, particularly in the higher education. The decades of racial and rado Springs office of the League of United states of California and Texas. Hispanics ac ethnic divisions in American society are re Latin American Citizens National Education count for over 16% of the population in both flected by the institutions which have ex Service Centers (NESC). states. Yet enrollment figures for the Cali cluded Hispanic and other minorities in Manzanares is now director of field opera fornia State Universities and Colleges indi denying them equal employment opportuni tions at the NESC national headquarters at cate that Hispanics account for 5.4% of the ties. Therefore, the resulting inequalities 400 1st St. NW. and Vargas, a 28-year-old undergraduate and 3.0% of the graduate stu make new opportunities less accessible. native of Mexico City who came to this coun dents, while for the University of Californi·a, We recommend that the following steps be try at the age of 10, is now in his first year the figures drop to 3.3% and 2.8% respective instituted to implement the effective contin at Harvard University Graduate School of ly. At the University of Texas in Austin, His uation of a.ffirmative action at the nation's Business Administration, thanks to NESC. panics comprise 4.1% of the student en colleges and universities: Founded in July 1973, NESC is an orga rollment. HEW should institute a thorough program nization whose primary goal is to increase Hispanics account for well over 19% of to assist institutions of higher education in opportunities for Hispanic Americans to at Arizona's population, and yet represent only the areas of personnel, institutional and tend colleges and universities. 4.3% of the enrollment at the University of managerial planning in overall affirmative NESC has helped enroll 10,715 students in Arizona. Over 40% of New Mexico's popula action efforts. undergraduate and graduate programs and tion is Hispanic heritage, yet Hispanics make The Office for Civil Rights in HEW should has helped get them a total of $9.6 Inilllon up a mere 14% of the student body at the take the proper steps to develop profes in financial ald. University of New Mexico. The same short sional staff with adequate racial and ethnic Staffers at NESC's 11 field centers-located comings exist not only in the Southwest, but representation, to include Hispanics, which in Boston, Chicago, Seattle and Topeka, Ka.n., throughout the entire country. can effectively deal with the problems of as well as in cities in the west and south The Hispanic's dilemma in higher educa employment and admissions in higher edu west--help potential students · apply to tion, as evidenced by their disproportionate cation. schools, assist them in filling out forms, in ly low enrollment, is greatly intensified by By 1976, HEW should institute a national form them of loans and scholarships avail current data revealing that a minute 0.6% of data and dissemination system on the avail able and help them through counselling, to the faculty nationwide is of Hispanic ..her ability pool of minorities, including Hispan define their educational alternatives. So far, itage at institutions of higher learning. ics, for academic employment. Furthermore, 32,137 students have received counselling This dismal picture makes the need for af HEW, in its compilation of data on higher from NESC personnel. firmative action for Hispanics in higher edu education, should take steps to include His One of NESC's goals, according to execu cation all the more important in order to panic men and women in its breakdown of tive director Rodolfo H. Castro, is to help in overcome the existing inequities. In discuss students, faculty, and professional staff. the educational formation of Hispanic Amer ing the concept of affirmative action, women HEW should place greater emphasis on icans who will be able to provide leadership and blacks immediately come to mind with affirmative action in graduate schools to in- in each field. November 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36195 "We didn't have the professionals to serv The British Medical Association is vig their view, the 4,200 beds are a small symbol ice our own community. Our generation orously fighting this effort to eliminate of freedom of choice. They deny that queue Jidn't have the preparation for college. We the small degree of private medical prac jumping is a significant problem. They point want to make sure our students don't go out that the pay patients contribute about into woodshop, that they go into algebra," tice that has been permitted to exist. One $85 million a year in revenues for the right he said. effect of ending private practice, Mr. Kil to be operated on by a surgeon of their own Vargas is grateful for the help he got. "I patrick writes, is that-- choice at a time of their own choosing. have nothing but praise for them. They It would further encourage the emigration In addition to the 4,200 pay beds in NHS helped from the very outset, and here I am," of British doctors. The Health Service ac hospitals, another 4,000 short-stay beds are he said. "They opened my eyes to things I knowledges that some 300 to 500 doctors a available to private patients in private hos never thought I could get next to." year are leaving the British Isles. pitals and nursing homes. The Government's Another first-year Harvard business ad pending phase-out thus would cut the total ministration student, Mike Enriquez of There are some American doctors who number of pay beds roughly in half-and Phoenix, Ariz., says NESC helped orient him express the view that nationalized medi the Labour Party intends to see that the as to what Harvard wanted in the essay part cine can, somehow, coexist with the con private sector does not grow. Because the of the application form, typed it for him and tinuation of our traditional private prac pay beds are unevenly distributed around helped him look for funds. tice system of medical care. The British the country, the practical effect of the phase Like Vargas, Enriquez has a one-year fel doctors who expressed that same view out will be to obliterate private practice al lowship from the Council for Opportunity in together in many regions. Wales, for one ex Graduate Management Education, and both at the time when the National Health ample, would have virtually no hospital beds say they found out about the fellowships Service was first being implemented have for private patients. through NESC. been proven wrong. Their American Putting an effective end to private prac "They were with me all the way," Enriquez counterparts should learn from their ex tice, as the doctors see it, would have another said. "If anyone two years ago had told me ample. ill effect: It would further encourage the I'd be in Harvard, I would have said they were I wish to share with my colleagues the emigration of British doctors. The Health crazy." column, "Britain's Socialized Medicine Service acknowledges that some 300 to 500 Vargas and Enriquez may be somewhat doctors a year are leaving the British Isles, outstanding NESC case histories. Castro, Squeezing the Doctors," as it appeared in but the Service dentes that political mo himself a graduate of the same school who the Washington Star of November 6, tivation is a universal factor. In any event, describes himself as coming from a barrio 1975, by James J. Kilpatrick, and insert the total number of physicians keeps rising 1n a California "desert community," said it into the RECORD at this time: and the medical schools last year had 13,000 NESC places 90 to 95 percent of its students BarrAIN's SoCIALIZED MEDICINE SQUEEZING qualified applicants for only 3,240 openings. in local schools. THE DOCTORS The British Medical Association plainly 1s fighting a rearguard action. The Labour He said another activity of NESC is the (By James J. Kilpatrick) LULAC Scholarship, which awarded $300 to Government is adamant; it will not permit $500 to 50 Spanish-surnamed college stu LoNDON.-The private practice of medicine the phase-out even to be studied by a Royal dents throughout the nation for the 1975-76 in Great Britain, which long has been sufier Commission. The BMA's best strategy 1s to academic year. ing from malnutrition, may be starved out stall for time, hoping to rally public support No deadline has been set yet for applica of existence in the next few years. If the for the doctors' position, and looking to the tion for next year's scholarships, Castro Labour Government has its way, health care possibility of a change of government. said, and interested persons may write to the for all practical purposes will become a mat Meanwhile, the British doctors are urging national headquarters for an application. ter of socialized medicine only. Parliament "not to press the matter to This is the situation: Back in 1948, when further confrontation." The pay beds are the National Health Service was set up, the the smallest edge of the whole hospital and Labour Government made a key commit medical scene. "But small as that edge may ment. Physicians were promised that under be, its preservation is indispensable to main BRITAIN'S SOCIALIZED MEDICINE the NHS, at least some opportunity would tain the belief of the professions that they SQUEEZING THE DOCTORS be preserved for some doctors to engage in can operate with self-respect as free men some private practice. That is quite a string within a free system. It is for the Govern of "somes," but even so qualified a commit ment to consider whether the game is worth HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ment was important. the candle." OF n.LINOIS Relying upon the 1948 commitment, since IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES renewed by other governments, the over whelming majority of British doctors went Wednesday, November 12, 1975 along with the NHS. Today virtually all of ON THE CUTTING EDGE Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the social the country's 20,000 general practitioners and about half of the 11,500 surgeons and ized medical system which has existed other specialists practice exclusively within in Great Britain for nearly 30 years is the Health Service. But some 5,800 doctors, HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON now in serious trouble. Costs are up, serv by taking only nine-elevenths of the gov OF ~SSACEnrrSETTS ice is down, and waiting lists ior all kinds ernment salary they otherwise would re~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of medical care are long. Those who seek ceive, have elected to retain a right to pri to impose such a system of nationalized vate practice. Wednesday, November 12, 1975 medicine upon our own country should Without hospital beds for their private Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, it ca1·efully examine the system they seek patients, the right manifestly becomes mean is becoming increasingly di:fficul t to to emulate. If they did, the overwhelm ingless. This is the crux of the present issue. imagine that President Ford will ever ing majority would change their minds. Roughly 4,200 of the 500,000 beds in NHS take seriously the by no means diminish When socialized medicine was first in hospitals are set aside for pay patients in ing problem of the economy. He appears private practice. The Labour Government is troduced, British doctors were told that absolutely committed to phasing out these to have accepted unemployment figures some opportunity would be preserved for pay beds. The British Medical Association is hovering near the 10-percent mark as a some doctors to engage in at least some absolutely committed to a fight to keep nagging yet thankfully distant fact of degree of private practice. Columnist them. life. Efforts to point out the long-term James J. Kilpatrick, who has recently Both sides see the issue in terms of prin effects or the immediate perils, and at returned from a visit to England, points ciple. In the egalitarian gardens of British tempts to effectively legislate a remedy, out that-- socialism, special privilege is a noXious weed. are met with a Pollyanna-like insistence That is quite a string of "somes," but even Why, it is asked, should a wealthy patient that things are just fine. so qualified a commitment was important. be able to "jump the queue"? If a working In an article in the New York Times of man must watt two or three months for a What has happened to that commit Sunday, November 9 entitled "Unwel hernia repair, why should his wealthy boss come News for Mr. Ford," Tom Wicker ment? It is obvious that without hos be able to get the same operation tomorrrow pital beds for their private patients, the reminds us of some of the grimmer or the next day? Are not all men and all aspects of the current economic situa right to engage in private practice be hernias equal? The NHS beds, operating comes meaningless. Mr. Kilpatrick re rooms and laboratories were built with tion-40-percent unemployment among ports that-- money taken from all the people. Should black teenagers, the skyrocketing costs Roughly 4,200 of the 500,000 beds in Na not all the people have equal access to them? tacked onto the Federal deficit by each tional Health Service hospitals are set aside The 4,200 pay beds have become a symbol 1 percent of unemployment, and the ex for pay patients in private practice. The of privilege; so the beds must go. pectation of continuing high unemploy Labor Government is absolutely committed Britain's doctors, speaking with singular ment for the rest of the decade. We to phasing out these pay beds. unity, see the matter quite differently. In should be grateful for such reminders OXXI--2280-Part 28 36196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1975 lest we, too, like the President, begin to fine, just fine. With more than eight million several big city school officials familiar accept such figures as commonplace. job-seekers out of work, his insistence on with school violence. It was painted out holding down, even reducing, Government that the two biggest causes for the in With enough detachment and insuiation, spending sounds like Calvin Coolidge. Partic it is conceivable that one might come ularly if the rise in wholesale prices threat crease in school crime has been inade around to accepting Mr. Ford's naive ens the return of significant inflation, the quate school security and the failure of and irresponsible economic and social nation is in deep economic trouble that school officials to report all instances of priorities. cannot be talked away. school violence, practices which in New If he, suffering from a severe case of Mr. Ford would serve his own political York City result in more than 60 per preprimary paralysis, is unable to con prospects, as well as the economy, with a cent of all school crimes going unre determined attack on unemployment. This ported to authorities. front the recent rise in wholesale prices would require, at the least, a change in his and unemployment figures for fear of rigid opposition to Government spending for It is more urgent than ever that Con shattering the fiercely cultivated illusion anything but the Pentagon. It would demand gress address itself in an affirmative of economic recovery, then someone else an emergency jobs program, particularly for manner to this important national con must. young people, and at least the continua cern. I have introduced legislation to I would like to insert the article in the tion-perhaps the extension--of the stimu amend the Elementary and Secondary RECORD at this time in the hope that my lative tax reductions voted this year. Education Act to provide local school dis colleagues will be encouraged by it to All this would cost money, but putting tricts with funds to implement new people back to work would also increase study closely the disappearing act with Government revenues, since each 1 percent school security systems. These would in which Mr. Ford hopes to convihce the of unemployment now adds about $16 billion clude the installation of new anticrime American public that the old economic to the Federal deficit. If, nevertheless, an equipment and the hiring and training problems are gone and that he deserves other inflationary cycle gets underway, it of school safety officers. The funds un 4 more years for his efforts. can be dealt with by firm and effective wage der this bill would be contingent on local The text of the article follows: and price controls. As John Kenneth Gal school officials implementing specific braith has pointed out in his new book, UNWELCOME NEWS FOR MR. FORD guidelines under which they would be "Money," even the half-hearted Nixon price required to report all instances of crime. (By Tom Wicker) controls of 1971-72 succeeded "in something Two consecutive days of bad economic between moderate and remarkable measure,'' I call these articles to the attention of news--a. rise in wholesale prices Thursday, an while the dismantling of them in 1973 pro my colleagues with the hope that it will increase in unemployment Friday-ought to · duced a 9 percent increase in the cost of serve to propel the Congress into action. put something of a damper on Gerald Ford's living and an 18 percent increase in whole The safety of our students and faculty recent insistence that under his Administra sale prices. in schools must be assured. School vio tion everything is just fine. Holding down inflation by holding up un lence must be removed from the curricu As he shifts more rapidly into the role of employment is too painful and costly in both lum of schools in America. candidate from that of President, Mr. Ford human and economic terms. Attacking un has tended to take credit for stabilizing employment, the clear and present danger, The News article follows: everything from the Middle East to the Amer while controlling wages and prices as neces THE THREE 'R'S: RoBBING, RUMBLING, AND ican economy, a familiar campaign tactic. sary, has at least the advantage of action RAMPAGING And while his political advisers concede that on one front rather than paralysis on two; (By Judson Hand) the state of the economy probably will be the and since it is a policy that has worked rea At 10 a.m. on a recent Friday morning, most important factor in next year's election, sonably well in wartime, why not give it a Victor H. Cohen was teaching a math class they have tended to the optimistic view that chance in peace? at Junior High School 294 in Brooklyn when the trend will be up and thus in their favor. he heard a knock at the door. It was a tardy This week's figures suggest, rather, that re student. covery may not be quite so strong or rapid Cohen opened the door and, looking out as the White House has been claiming. The into the hallway, saw a stack of dollar bllls. biggest wholesale price rise--1.8 per cent--in NEW YORK DAILY NEWS SERIES ON He left the classroom to investigate and a year is bound to be followed by significant SCHOOL VIOLENCE MERITS AT suddenly found himself facing a burly youth retail price increases; and while the rise in TENTION OF THE CONGRESS he had never seen before. Without warning, unemployment--from 8.3 to 8.6 percent--may the youth slugged him hard in the neck, then not seem large, several aspects of those fig in the head. ures are ominous. Cohen began swinging at the young thug They interrupted a four-month decline in HON. MARIO BIAGGI in what he later described as "a fight for my unemployment. They brought the number of OF NEW YORK life." When he began winning the fight, a unemployed once again above eight million. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES youth who was loitering in the hallway They included a drop in the rate of increase joined the fray. in payroll jobs, and a decline of 30,000 jobs Wednesday, November 12, 1975 Finally, Cohen managed to wrestle his way in the construction industry. They reflected Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on Monday clear of the two thugs and fied. When here an increase in the number of persons seek of this week, the New York Daily News turned to the scene of the fight, the money ing but not finding jobs, an unwelcome re began a three-part series entitled "Our was gone and so were his attackers. He never minder that the Labor Department's unem found out who the youths were or why they ployment figures do not include everyone Violent Schools,'' discussing the problem had put the money on the floor. Injured and who is out of work-just those who are seek of school violence and vandalism in the shattered by the experience, Cohen requested ing jobs. M111ions more have given up and city's schools. As we are all aware the and received a transfer to another school. dropped out of the labor market. problem is by no means limited to New Cohen's ordeal was, sadly enough rather From Mr. Ford's point of view, however, York, but in many ways this series is commonplace. It was only one of many such the worst news must have been the simple important for all Members to be aware incidents in the increasing tide of violence reminder in the headlines that unemploy which is sweeping through the city's public of the components Q.f the problem. school system. ment is higher than it has been in years, -and The first article, which will immediate not coming down significantly or soon. Pres AN ALL TIME HIGH ent projections show that unemployment ly follow my remarks, portrays in very Police department statistics show that last above 6 percent, and mostly in the 7 to 8 graphic terms how the traditional "three . year there were more than 12,400 crimes per cent range, must be expected for the rest R's" of school have been replaced by the committed in schools or on school property. of this decade if nothing is done to change new "three R's, robbing, rumbling, and The year before, fewer than 10,000 such the outlook. rampaging." This transformation has crimes were reported-and that was an all Nor can it be repeated too often that not only deteriorated the quality of edu time high. 8.6 per cent is an over-all figure. For spe cation but in more serious terms has Some acts of random school violence this cific groups, it translates into disaster-14.2 autumn: made our schools extensions of our Sandy Cominsky, an art teacher, was percent for blacks, for instance, which means streets, with all the inherent problems. about 40 percent for black teen-agers. Among robbed in her classroom and locked in a all teen-agers-those just entering the labor Both the House and the Senate have back room. A little over a week later, she felt force, or trying to--unemployment is at 19.9 conducted hearings into this national a knife at her throat and heard a voice de per cent, and few of those affected are eligible problem. School crimes have increased manding her money as she sat in her car for unemployment compensation. Many of dramatically in the past decade, and ln front of the school. When the robber left, is she found she had been badly cut. these, at present estimates, will not find jobs school vandalism estimated to cost A group of students walked into Rebecca during the remainder of the decade. . this Nation as much as $700 million an Staton's classroom at Boys and Girls' High In these circumstances, it is not enough nually. Testimony in the House hearings School in Brooklyn during a science lecture for Mr. Ford to keep saying that things are held this past summer was received from and smashed her demonstration equipment. November 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36197
On another occasion, intruders in her class system's Bureau of Attendance. And with tion" of the Consumer Agency "would be room threatened her with a knife. recent layoffs, there just aren't enough tru to act as an ombudsman for consumers A robber walked into a class at Public ant officers left to cope with the problem. School 181 in Brooklyn and, telling the These truants loiter in the streets, in parks in legal proceedings and hearings before teacher he had a knife under his shirt, in or in department stores. They hang out at Federal departments and agencies." structed her to give hlm her money with subway stops, often looking for trouble. As evidence of the need for such an out alarming the students. He then forced Sooner or later, many of them gravitate to agency, the Long Island Press editors her to call another teacher from her class schoolyards, or sneak into school hallways, noted that on the same day the bill room. After robbing the second teacher, he where they disrupt classes, terrorize students passed the House a congressional study forced the two teachers to escort him down and teachers and steal everything in sight- was released showing that- the hall to the front door. including purses slung around the shoulders Reported incidents, however, frightening of teachers, typewriters and food from school More than half of the people named to though they may be, do not tell the whole refrigerators, which they sell to unscrupu nine regulatory agencies since former Presi story of violence in the schools. Thousands of lous grocers. dent Nixon took office came from the very youngsters, for example, are robbed by other Overcrowding also contributes to the vio industries they were supposed to regulate. students of their lunch money but do not lence. Although some school officials may The editorial follows: report the rip-offs because they are afraid of think that UFT President Albert Shanker's THE CoNsUMER LosEs AGAIN retaliations. And, at some schools, violent in estimate that there are at least 17,719 over cidents are hushed up, when possible, to pre crowded classrooms in the city is a high, Legislation to create a badly needed federal vent the school from acquiring a bad name. there's no doubt that the schoolrooms are consumer protection agency has passed both "You see every kind of crlme you ca..""l bulging with too many kids. houses of Congress. But it squeaked by with imagine in the schools today," reports Ed Tens of thousands of kids have to go to only nine votes in the House. That's a mar Muir, school safety representative for the schools on double sessions and, with the over gin much too small to overcome President United Federation of Teachers and the Board crowding, it's easy !or intruders to mingle Ford's promised veto. of Educa.tion. "Beatings, kniflngs, sexual as with groups of students and wander unde Ironically, earlier on the same day the bill saults, extortions, you name it. A kid can buy tected through the hallways. Fights break passed the House, an unusual joint hearing dope or a lethal weapon at many high out in passageways jammed with students by Senate and House committees heard the schools." jostling each other. results of a study of nine federal regulatory Indeed, the deans of many high schools Racial tensions, too, cause violence. At agencies~ The conclusion should have curled have locked up in their offices boxes with New Utrecht High School, which is about some hair on Capitol Hlll, but obviously collections of such weapons, including zip 80% white, cops are frequently stationed in didn't. guns, walking sticks with pointed metal ends, the school when racial flare-ups are !eared To show how much a watchdog committee knives and sundry other weapons, including and some days the sidewalk leading to the 1s needed to monitor the government on be chains and clubs. elevated train stop is lined with pollcemen half of the consumer, the study disclosed The rise in school violence follows a trend to protect black kids. This year, there have that more than half of the people named to towards more youth crime in general. Juve been fights between white and black youths nine regulatory agencies since former Presi nile arrest statistics show that 19 youths and a washroom fight between black and dent Nixon took office came from the very were arrested !or murder in 1970 and 77 in white girls. industries they were supposed to regulate. 1974. During the same period, the number of The violence is spreading even to schools Victor H. Kramer, law professor at George rapes by juveniles jumped from 99 to 261; in upper-middle class areas. For example, a town University-a member of the study the number of robberies from 3,013 to 4,765 teacher in a junior high school in Bayside, team-laid it on the line. "Partisan political and the number of 9..ssa.ults from 789 to 1,312. Queens required medical attention after he considerations dominate the selection of reg Undoubtedly, layoffs in the school system .was kicked hard in the groin by a girl stu ulators to an alarming extent," he said . since the city's budget crisis have also played dent in the lunch room. "Alarming in that other fp.ctors--such as an important part in the rising violence. The Peter Beeler, a social science teacher at security guard force in the schools have been competence, experience and even, on occa Boys and Girls High School summed up the sion, regulatory philosophy-are only second cut in half. Teachers have less time for prob attitude of many of his colleagues when he lem kids. Special programs !or kids who do ary factors." complained: "We're demoralized. It's impos That's true, unfortunately. Also unfortu not fit into regular programs have been cut sible to teach in these conditions." drastically. nate and ominous-is that while President Ford clalms reform of regulatory agencies is "rr'S JUST STARTING" one of his major goals, the White House de So far this school year, Muir reports, 186 clined a congressional invitation to partici assaults have been reported against teachers. THE CONSUMER LOSES AGAIN pate in the hearing. During the corresponding period last year, One would think judging by the adminis only 10 had been reported. "It's just start tration's opposition to this bill, that the pro ing," commented Muir. "I have no doubt that posed consumer protection agency would do the assault figures will rise dramatically again no more than add to the bureaucracy and this year." HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL OF NEW YORK poke new official noses into the nation's busi Susan Hutchner, a perky elementary school ness community. Not so. Its sole function teacher in her 20s, was attempting to break IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would be to act as an ombudsman !or con up a squabble between two third graders in Wednesday, Novemb~r 12, 1975 sumers in legal proceedings and hearings a classroom when one of them, a husky little before federal departments and agencies. boy, cracked her over the hand with a ruler. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, last There seems to be almost no hope that When she grabbed the ruler, the boy rose week the House passed the most monu President Ford, who as a congressman from from his seat cursing and pushed her hard mental piece of consumer legislation that Michigan supported similar legislation four against a metal chalk tray. As a result, two of Susan's vertebrae were cracked and she has ever been considered by the Con years ago, wlll sign this blll into law, or that has been bed-ridden for months, including gress. Congress will override his veto. That's two weeks at Mount Sinai Hospital in trac This legislation was given the most shameful. Those responsible should be kept tion. careful consideration and was the cul in mind during Campaign '76. Many teachers come up with bruised shins mination of many years of study, hear from attacks by hard-kicking first graders. ings, and hard work by Members on Some kindergarten teachers have to take both sides of the aisle. Its final enactment tetanus shots when they are bitten by pupils. SHANGHAI DOCKS AND RAILWAYS is essential if the interests of consumers Much of the worst violence, however, is CLOSED BY STRIKES committed by outsiders who enter schools al are to be properly represented before the most at will--stealing, disrupting and, fre Federal agencies. quently, attacking anyone who tries to stop Unfortunately, the bill did not pass HON. LARRY McDONALD them. wit h the margin that will be needed if OF GEORGIA "We can't make the school doors absolutely the President carries out his promise to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES secure b~ause of fire laws," explains Carl veto it. That would be truly ironic in Irish, chief of security for the school system. light of the fact that Representative Wednesday, November 12, 1975 "Kids open them from the inside and in as truders get in." Ford he supported virtually identical leg Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Not all the intruders are neighborhood islation as a Member of the House dur Speaker, we are led to believe by certain toughs or addicts out to raise the money !or ing the 93d Congress. naive visitors and others who sympathize a fix. Many are kids playing hooky. The urgent need for an Agency for with Mao Tse-tung that everyone 18 OUR VIOLENT SCHOOLS Consumer Protection was expressed ex happily at work in Communist China. On any given day, up to 200,000 of the tremely well by an editorial in the No These persons always tell us that Com city's 1.1 million students may cut school, vember 11, 1975, Long Island Press. That munist China appears to have solved says Phllip Kaplan, who works in the school editorial pointed out that the "sole func- nearly all the problems that bedevil our 36198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 19'75 society. Well, not quite, it turns out. BALBOA HOSPITAL · ... AS IT'S the end of WW I, patients numbering 800 Would you believe that labor unrest has GROWN were recovering-and sometimes dying-in tents along the brown hills overlooking San hit Communist China? It seems that Diego. some Chinese workers feel they need In 1919 Balboa was officially designated a higher wages and better working con- ' HON. BOB WILSON Naval Hospital by the Secretary of the Navy. ditions. The news item from the London OF CALIFORNIA In the '20s with North Island, the Marine Daily Telegraph of November 6, 1975, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Corps Recruit Depot and the Naval Train follows: ing Center in full operation, the hospital Wednesday, November 12, 1975 did a brisk business in broken jaws, cuts [From The Daily Telegraph, November 6, Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, un and other liberty-related injuries. 1975] San Diego was so dependent on the eco SHANGHAI DOCKS AND RAILWAYS CLOSED BY der leave to extend my remarks in the nomics of Balboa that the city donated an STRIKES RECORD, I include the following: other 17 acres to the Navy to expand the Dockers and railway workers in Shanghai, BALBOA HOSPITAL ... As IT'S GROWN-THE hospital. Included in the donation was In the world's most densely populated city, have SPRAWLING MEDICAL COMPLEX BEGAN BACK . spiration Point which offered a magnificent gone on strike in the last few months for IN 1915 AS A TENT CITY ESTABLISHED BY TH'E view of the city. Eastern sailors "purchased" higher wages and better working conditions. MARINES Inspiration Point more than once from fast Western journalists who accompanied Herr (By Joseph John Trento) buck real estate salesmen. Schmidt, West German Chancellor, to China The first hospital buildings went up in the No President ever stayed at Balboa Naval early 1920s, costing more than $1 million. last week reported that four strikes closed Hospital. the main dockyards and railway stations. Capt. H. C. Curl was the facilities first com No important general ever recovered from manding officer. While the first permanent The labour unrest wras believed to be the war wounds at Balboa. reason why Herr Schmidt's visit to Shanghai No great admiral ever sailed his fleet into buildings were designed for 300 patients, the was cancelled. daily census of those years showed an average San Diego harbor and then WillS taken to patient load of 400. He was taken instead to Urumohi, China's Balboa. remote western area near the Lop Nur nuclear Balboa has none of the glory of a Tripier By the mid 1920s, another 500 beds were site. or a Walter Reed Hospital. Balboa's special added to the hospital. Despite the increased Officia.l Chinese sources have said' the la place in the American military tradition is capacity, the hospital was still overcrowded bour unrest was due to the failure of Com in the heart of the average naval man who because of the growth of the Pacific Fleet. So munist party officials to "share in the man was mended back to health at Balboa. the city gave more land and further expan ual work of the masses." Balboa has healed many more military sion was under way. men than any other medical facility in the In 1927 the hospital had Civil War veterans EGALITARIAN WAGE and Spanish American War veterans, as well But it was known that there had been world. More sailors, Seabees, POWs and om cers have come through its doors than any as men from World War I, under treatment. "worker trouble", with former Red Guards, By 1930 the hospital had 1,000 beds-and was now Radicals, opposing the eight-grade wage other medical center in history. "Without Balboa, God only knows how still overcrowded. scale endorsed by the Constitution and de many more we would have lost," James For In the '30s, the hospital opened its doors manding immediwte moves towards ran egali to members of the Civilian Conservation tarian wage. restal, Secretary of Navy under Roosevelt, said toward the end of the wwr in the Pa Corps. The Hospital Corpsman School, opened Many older workers, however, were de cific. They were not empty comments, the in the late 1920s, contributed greatly to the manding "more co-operation" from the Balboa Hospital, which started out as a tent legendary quality of health care available at higher-paid cadres-which is a round-about city in 1914 grew and grew, has seen it all. · Balboa. Chinese way of demanding higher wages and For reporters, :q1ost mllitary hospitals are By World War II, 137,460 corpsman served better working conditions. goldmines. If no one famous is around, then the Navy, Marines and infantry. The school Reports that labour troubles had spread to there are usually people who assisted the graduated 14,907 in 1945 alone. By the end a score of large industrial plants in Shanghai famous. In other words, you can always find of the Korean Conflict, 15 of those graduates last March were followed by official "leaks" an angle at a naval hospital. But at Balboa received Congressional Medals of Honor. that Wang Hung wen, had been sent back to that is not quite the case. The "anr, ~ e" of Many, sadly, were given posthumously. his home town to restore order. famous, or those who served the famous, is During World War II, San Diego donated Wang, 39, is the "whiz-kid" who became not to be found. another 55 acres of land to the hospital. As third in the Communist party hierarchy after In fact it is amazing that such a success the war progressed it was obvious that the Chairman Mao Tse-tung and Premier Chou fully huge facllity has healed so few big 56-buildings, 1,400-capacity hospital was not En-lai. names. big enough for the sick and injured. He has not apparently been completely The men and women who come to San The Navy took possession of the museums successful in his clean-up, although it is to Diego for medical help fight the wars, not of Balboa Park. In tents ... in ornate build his credit that the troubles have not so far run them. ings, the sick and the wounded were cared spread to the light industry or passenger The people who come to Balboa are men for. transport. like Dieter Dengler. Who's Dieter Dengler The Navy did nat relinquJsh. these build But he does not appear to have fulfilled you ask? Dengler was the only American to ings until three years after the war was Chairman Mao's expectations. escape from a POW camp in North Vietnam over. The Museum of Man housed 759 pa Whereas Wang used to sit with Mao when -an act of heroism that brought Dengler tients alone, while other museums and build he received foreign heads of State, his place the Navy Cross, but nonetheless an act most ings were used as beds, dorms, and offices. has now been taken by Teng Hsiao-ping, vice Americans have forgotten. Some 30,000 corpsman were trained at the premier, and he now -appears to have been de Dengler, like the more thBread that leaders need to be led. The people are 272-273 patients were treated-the majority for the World," a citizen's movement on ahead of the leaders. They need to hear from from the Vietnam War. The entire war had hunger, and Dr. Sheldon Simon of the people on what changes should come about only 350,000 Americans wounded, so once University of Kentucky's Political Sci and what new programs. again Balboa cared for its share and more. ence Department made the following I want to focus now on PL. 480, the Food The stucco buildings, the history of Bal perceptive comments. for Peace Program. PL. 480 started 1n 1954. During the last two decades over $23 billion boa-all reflect an America naval tradition Dr. SIMoN. Mr. Jones is Staff Associate that has spanned four wars and countless with an organization knowl'l. as Bread for worth of food has been shipped overseas. crises and incidents. the World, working on policy and issue in Now, during that period, we have to remem A few years ago the crowded conditions at terpretation. He served for two years in ber what the priorities were. We gave a lot the hospital finally caught the attention of of food. And we helped a lot of hungry South VietNam as a photographer-journalist people. But we gave the food (1) because Congress and proposals were afoot to move for Church World Service which is a relief the fac111ty to another section of San Diego, it was a surplus which we wanted to get rid agency and hence has a great deal of experi of, (2) because it stabilized our own farm the history of the world's largest m111ta.ry ence in problems of relief, administration medical complex may end at Inspiration prices, (3) because people were hungry and and hunger. He has also done broadcast re it was a good reason. Point within a few years. Chances are that search for CBS news on Indochina. In this this Balboa Hospital will not see another We are in a new situation now. We are in country, he has worked on low-income an era of scarcity. In eras of scarcity, harder major war. housing development with the black com There are moves in Congress and locally to munity, particularly in Harlem, a:ad he has decisions have to be made. Decisions I don't see to it that Balboa builds a newer single believe were made during the last two de high-rise faclllty at the current site, but recently worked on the film, "Hearts and cades because we didn't need to. We had where would the current crop of patients be Minds,'' which is about the effect of the enough food. But when we have a scarcity of handled during demolition and construction? Viet Nam War on American veterans. Some food, then we have to decide who gets it Today the hospital has an atmosphere like of you who subscribe to the New York Times first, why they get it. Do the hungry get it? a great university. Balboa is so far-reaching may have seen a very interesting review of Or do the political interest countries get it? that it includes all the amenities, ranging that film that appeared about two weeks As well we have to recognize it as a moral from a golf course to a bowling alley. ago in the Sunday Arts and Leisure Sec question. No more a question of charity but The staff includes 469 medical officers, 24 tion. The author of that review referred to a question of justice that we are all humans dental officers, 92 medical service corps officers "Hearts and Minds" as one of the most on one planet and that food should be pro and 252 nurse corps officers. effective films to come out of the movie in vided for all. To keep Balboa running smoothly are an d,lStry in quite some time. Under the aus We come from a very fortunate country. other 1,000 medical corpsmen and 1,032 civil pices of the Indo-china Mobile Education We have resources and the production capac ian personnel. The current capacity is a mod Project, Mr. Jones has spoken to colleges, and ity to provide enough food for ourselves and est 2,300 beds. That is modest only compared churches throughout the United States about much of the world. What's happened 1n the to World War II figures. Compared to most American involvement in Indochina. So, with last two years on PL. 480 is that as the hospitals of today, Balboa is a giant. that as an introduction, let me give you Mr. supply got smaller, more and more of it was How big is big? In 1974 Balboa x-rayed Jones. going to security interest countries-Viet 770,929 parts of the human anatomy and Mr. JoNES. I'd like to start by telUng you Nam, Cambodia, Laos, Syria, Egypt and Chile. filled 2,075,111 prescriptions. On the less a little about Bread for the World. We are The best example was in 1974, 70% of our critical level of health care, 27 face lifts, 76 a citizen's movement on hunger. We provide Title 1 food went to Indochina and to those breast enlargements and 19 breast reductions information on issues and legislation dealing with world and domestic hunger and then security countries. Congress went a long way are in Balboa's log for that year. in remedying that. Last year, they put in an It turned out that 1973 was the best year try to get the information to a movement of people like yourselves who will effect amendment which said that no more than for Balboa-as for fame. The POWs came 30% of the food could go to countries which back to Balboa first. Among the returnees policy changes. I would like to talk about an overall na weren't on the list of those most seriously was James Stockdale, now a rear admiral, affected, so that the political interest coun who had been a prisoner from 1965-1973. He tional food policy. We have heard some good things about programs that we need, about tries could get no more than 30%. What hap said of the homecoming at Balboa: "It was pened is that, as many of you heard last wonderful, the care was just great. They food and developmental assistance programs, even had news summaries waiting for us to but I don't think it can be done 1n a vacuum. night in Mr. Campbell's talk, it wasn't until make certain we were up to date." We have a tradition of giving food assistance February of this year that the food level for Rear Adm. W. P. Arentzen, hospital's 18th that goes back to the first World War when about 1975 was finally announced after 3 commanding officer, sees the No. 1 priority Hoover was appointed by President Wllson months delay. at Balboa as getting a new fac111ty. to direct food relief to Europe. Americans At the Rome conference, there was a call "There is no doubt that we need a new were asked by their leaders to respond to for the U. S. to give 1,000,000 tons of food one. The present plant is so spread out that it cut back on their consumption, and do aid immediately. It was a chance for Ameri is not efficient. The outpatient clinics are things to provide food for the hungry quick can leadership to provide food as an Incen all over the place and security is a night ly. Again, in 1947, after the second World tive for other countries to increase their mare. War, Truman called for a food assistance pro- supply. But the U. S. didn't and we didn't for 36200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1975 ,several reasons. One of those reasons 1s thMi to buy fertmzer, oil and gas for develop more land in grain production than devel we were deciding how much food we could ment. India and Bangladesh and these other oped countries, they actually produce 20% get into that 30% category-the political countries entered the commercial market less on this land. In short, the largest category, the food that would go for support this year to meet their shortfalls and they growth in total food production can and ing m111tary governments. Well, !or three spend valuable capital buying food, much of must take place in the chronic deficit coun months, we didn't announce our food assist which we could have given them. Every dol tries. How can this be done? Well, obviously, ance program. At the first of March, less lar they spend on food in the international by inputs of technology, particularly !er than 50% of the food was on the boats to go market is a dollar taken away !rom !ertlltzer t111zer and machinery. Just to give you one to other countries. All of the food that wlll and from the capital they need in their own statistic-it would help a great deal if from go to political interest countries will arrive agricultural development. And, ultimately, it the American fertilizer production which is but not all of the food will get to the other is agricultural development in their own currently used to fertilize our lawns or our countries which need it. Not all the Title 1 countries which is the solution to the world golf courses at least a good portion were ex food will get to India, Bangladesh and other hunger crisis. ported to countries like India. Americans countries until after the end of the fiscal Dr. SIMoN. I'd like to examine the inter put more fert111zer on their lawns in 197~ year. relationships between the world energy than India was able to put on its farmlands. P.L. 480 will be reviewed this year, prob crisis, as it has developed over the last two The responsibility for financing imports ably within the next few monthS. I have years, and the world food problem because and technology exports however cannot rest some suggestions for things that might be I believe the two are inextricably inter with the food exporters alone; over the next included in the program so it is a more effi twined. I want to approach this problem two years in particular, the financing of the cient one. The first is that hunger should be both from the standpoint of economic and food-deficit-developing countries will simply the first priority of the program. That the political analysis. We begin by paraphrasing be too large for the traditional food aid food should be directed to the people who from a speech given by Secretary of State donors like the United States. Who has this are really hungry and then take care of the Kissinger at the World Food Conference in responsibllity? I believe it is the oil export political interest countries later after the Rome this past November. "We are trapped ers. The oil exporters have a special respon hungry have gotten their share. There should in the middle of old conceptions of politi sibllity in this respect. Many of them have be long range planning, maybe two or three cal conduct in a wholly new environment incomes far in excess of that used to balance years, so that you don't have the problem characterized by the inadequacy of the Na their own international payments or to fi that happened with the program this year tion's state and the emerging imperative of nance their own economic development. The the problem of India., of Bangladesh not global community. In the past 30 years the continuing massive transfer of wealth and knowing how much they are going to get, of world came to assume that stable economic resulting world wide infiation have shattered voluntary agencies not knowing when it is systems and spreading prosperity would con the abllity of developing countries to pur going to arrive and how much is coming. We tinue indefinitely. New nations launched chase food, fertmzer and other goods. The should make a commitment of a certain themselves confidently on the path of eco economic crisis has severely reduced the im amount each year that we are wllling to give. nomic and social development. Technical ports of industrialized countries !rom the The method I suggest would be 10% of our innovation and industrial expansion prom developing nations. . agricultural commodity exports. That would ised steady improvement in the standard of The real victims of the oil crisis are the de be about $2.1 billion. In 1964, we were giv living of all nations. veloping nations. It is predicted that the ing 26% of our agricultural export to food Surpluses of food, fuel and raw materials non-petroleum producers in the third world for peace. In 1972, we were giving 12% of our were considered a burden rather than a will face increased oll payments deficits in agricultural export to food for peace. We blessing. Whil~ poverty and misery stm 1974 of approximately $15 billion. This is are able to do it if we make the choice. It atHicted many parts of the globe over the compared with oil bills in 1973 of only $5 is a question of priorities! long run, there was universal hope. The billion. The developing countries of the third This year's budget for P.L. 480 is about $1.4 period was fairly characterized as a revolu world which are not on producers already billion. We are spending that much on one tion of rising expectations. That time has face a total balance of payments deficirt in Trident submarine this year. Well, we have ended. Now there are fundamental ques 1973 of $8 b1111on and I do not yet have the to make these choices. The question 1s what tions about our capacity to meet our most figures on 1974. What is happening in terms are our priorities. Also, we have to integrate basic needs. In 1972, partly due to bad of the world division of countries is that the Food for Peace Program so that the co weather around the globe, world grain pro there are now four categories of nations. ordinating and the decision making is done duction declined !or the first time in dec There are the rich-rich countries which are by someone who is not directly involved with ades. We remain ominously conscious of the the highly industrialized countries with the Nationa'l Security Council, not directly thin edge between hope and hunger and of near sufficient energy resources and there involved with the Office of Management and the world's dependence on the surplus pro are only two countries that perhaps fa.ll in Bduget but as a person whose first priority 18 duction of a few nations. In 1973, first the that category, the United States and the hunger. All of the dec1s1ons of the last few political embargo and, then, abruptly Soviet Union; there are the poor-rich coun years have been made by Kissinger, the Na raised prices for oil which curbed production tries, that is, industrialized countries such tional Security Council and agencies whose in the world's factories and !arms occurred as Japan and Western Europe which are de first priority is not the hungry. There has and sharply accelerated the global infiation pendent upon energy resources from outside been no voluntary agency representation in that was already on the margin of govern in order to maintain their wealth; there are decision making on Food for Peace. ment's a.b111ty to contro'l. In 1974 the inter the rich-poor countries such as saudi Arabia, Last night, Mr. Oa.mpbell made a statement national monetary and trading system stag Iran, Indonesia, the Persian Gulf and a few that all the food was free under P.L. 480. I gered under mounting stress, not yet able others not yet developed but possessing ample think that is something that ought to be to absorb the accumulated weight of re and even massive resources for developmerut; clarified here. Not all of our assistance is free peated shocks. Its institutions are still and, there are the poor-poor countries, the to these people. Two-thirds of the program struggling to respond. The same inter ones that we are talking about today. this year is Title 1, that is, long term, low in dependence that brought common advance The countries not only are underdeveloped terest loans over a 40-year pertOO. at 3 or 4%. now threatens us with common disaster. but have little indigenous oopactty !or de That money is paid back to the U.S. It is not In addition to this rather pessimistic diag velopment. For India the oll price means free food. Every year under the food assist nosis and prognosis must be added the prob that i·ts import b111 of $400,000,000 in 1973 ance program we are getting back in repay lem of population trends. Maintaining even went to over a billion in 1974, and, if one ments over $300 m1llion of money that comes current inadequate levels of nutrition and really wants to be pes;imistic, one can say back from previous loans. So we should not food security would require that the world, that perhaps not too far down the pike-un just look at the program as a give-away. as a whole, produce twice as much food by less we come up with some kind of remedial There should be more food given on a the end of this century. Adequate nutrition policy-is a political field in which we will grant basis, and, through the voluntary agen would require 150% more food or a total have the world's poor nations fighting against cies. And more should be directed to the U.N. each other as well as the world's rich nations. World Food Prograan, and through the in annual output of 3 blllion tons of grain. According to the Secretary General of the Afiricans wll1 turn against Arabs, F111pinos ternational mechanisms which often have against Indonesians, Thais against Malay more success than our own bilateral aid. An World Food Conference in Rome, at the present rate of growth of 2¥2% a year the sians-all of them against the Japanese. Bra other point I would make is that we are not zilians against Venezuelans, Nigerians against as generous as it would seem. If you look at gap between what the developing countries produce themselves and what they need will the hungry of the night. our development assistance as measured by Now, what does it all sum up to? What G.N.P. on a per capita basis, we are number rise from 25 million tons in 1974 to 85 mil lion a year by 1975. The. food exporting na kind of connections can we make? Limited 14 of the countries that are giving; not a very foreign exchange in the developing world good record. We have a good opportunity to tions themselves w111 simply not be able to meets a diminished ability to import demonstrate leadership in giving assistance meet the world's basic needs. That I think fertllizer. at this point, and food assistance is im is a biological !act. Ironically but fortu Moreover, because muoh fe.rtiltzer is in it portant particularly right now when we are nately, it is the nations with the most rap self a petroleum derivative, its price has sky talking about agricultural development. You idly growing deficits which also possess the rocketed on top cooking at the those measures. jail. The former sheriff always insisted that are not asked to leave the country; they are "liquidated." The non-Marxist, the In South Vietnam now, as in Russia, China good food was important in the management and North Vietnam before, genuine land re of a prison. nonterrorist, and the innocent are hu form is a legitimate, indeed desperately over A dedicated lawman, he had little patience man beings. They have rights, too. due process. The bland announcement from with crime suspects and was known as a The article follows: Saigon that such a program has begun may stern, no-nonsense administrator. When he [From the Baltimore Sun, Nov. 2, 1975] mean n.o more than what it says. The nega took office in 1938, the sheriff's force con COMMUNIST "LAND REFORM": DARE WE SAY tive reference to "Vietnamese traitors" who sisted of 16 men, and when he was defeated received land under previous gestures toward in his 1973 campaign for a 13th three-year "BLOODBATH"? (By Ernest B. Furguson) reform may merely mean they are being term as sheriff, the force included 139 depu stripped of their rice paddies. Or it may class ties and more than 200 other employees. A WASHINGTON.-It made barely a blurb on them together with the kulaks of Russia hard worker himself, he insisted his depu the wire, and did not squeeze into any of the and the landlords of China--classes that ties be hardworking, as well as polite, neat papers read here. One reason is that it was ceased to exist. and efficient. He made a habit of personally phrased in offi.cialese. It avoided the word Either way, it is nothing to get excited inspecting members of the road patrol be "bloodbath," which excited so much hard about-hardly anything to squeeze into the fore they went on duty. feeling last spring when saigon was failing. paper. Just history, taking another step. Oc Never a man of many words, Sheriff Skin Instead it said objectively that "the Com casionally it steps on people. ner maintained leadership in the Greece Re munist government in South Vietnam has publican Organization through much of his begun new land reforms ... the local govern career, attending every political dinner and ment of Huang Thuy district near Hue has greeting friends with a wave, a handshake redistributed land to more than 10,000 farm AMERICA'S THffiD CENTURY and cheerful grin. His usual campaign ers and confiscated that occupied by 'Viet "speech" took about a minute to deliver and namese traitors'" who received it under the consisted mainly of "hello" and a word of Thieu regime. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON thanks to supporters. There was no stated connection between OF MASSACHUSETTS Funeral services wm be held at 2 p.m. to that dispatch and the one a few hours ear day at the Greece Baptist Church. Among lier, one that did get brief shrift in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the mourners are expected to be most of the local Journal. It was attributed to "intelli Wednesday, November 12, 1975 notable political figures of the past decade. gence reports," which is not a very fashion Very few members of Mr. Skinner's family able source in Washington this year. Those Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, Nor remain. His closest living relative is a cousin, reports, it said, "indicate that repressive man Macrae, the deputy director of the Herman Skinner of. Arlldge Drive, Greece. measures against dissidents in South Viet- Economist, recently traveled across the 3621~ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 19'75 United States to obtain a first-hand ac 30 billion people. Somewhere in that range gine, was therefore led by the United States. count of the American condition; past, (perhaps be.tween about twice and five times There were societal, psychological and tech today's average American income per head nological reasons why America was ready 1n present, and future. In obs~rvati~n of for everybody) men may stop growing much 1876 to take over industrial leadership from our Bicentennial, the Economist assigned richer because they will no longer want to old Britain. Awkwardly, these same reasons Mr. Macrae the task of peering into our grow much richer. can be cited in 1976 to su~gest that old third century as a Nation and recom (4) During these next few years, however, America may be about to give up that lead mending some birthday resolutions. the bizarre dangers will include the destruc ership to somebody else. The insightful results of this endeavor tive (because quite small groups of fanatics The chief reason why 1876 ushered 1n are worthy of the thoughtful attention of and terrorists and even individual criminals America's century was that entrepreneurs' will very soon have the capab111ty of destroy verve was by then most likely to sprout in every American, particularly those of us ing the planet) and, for example, the bio.,. that nation so largely self-selected from who share some responsibility for shap physical (because the present orthodox families enterprising enough to have mi ing the past, and more importantly the method of creating a human being-namely, grated across the wide ocean, and yet new future direction of the country. by copulation between two individuals giv enough not yet to have created the aristo Given the somewhat lengthy results of ing no thought to what the product wm be cratic or jealous or intellectual institutions Mr. Macrae's efforts, I plan to submit his -may quite soon change). Sex is already which castigate moneymaking as infra dig excellent article in daily installments be 99.99% for fun, and technology is bound or unfair. The surge into the Henry Ford ginning today. The text of the first two to home in on the pre-planned twice-in-a revolution should have been as organisable lifetime occasion when it will be for repro in the Britain of 1876 as in the America. installments follow: duction. Our children will probably "pro What was missing 1n Britain by that moral (From the Economist, Oct. 26, 1975] gressively" be able to order their babies with ising Gladstone's · and that do-gooding AMERICA'S THIRD CENTURY the shape and strength and level of intelli Disraeli's day was the incentive provided by RECESSIONAL FOR THE SECOND GREAT EMPIRE? gence that they choose, as well as alter exist any accordance of social standing to business panache. (By NoNnan Macrae) ing human beings so as to insert artificial intelligence, retune brains, change person Remember how easy the surge after 1876 Two hundred years since the United states ality, modify moods, control behaviour. And was-just as, for di1ferent reasons, see below, won their fortuitous victory in their Revolu lots of even more horrid things like that. I am going to maintain that a much bigger tionary War have been the two centuries of The pace and sophistication with which some surge after 1976 is also going to be. Our the world's material adva.nce. It is prob!llble of these things are not done wm hang on grandfathers lived in a time when any bank that three centuries of material advance wlll the world's leading nations, whom other worthy member of the middle class any be all that is needed. For the first 10,000 years peoples will most wish to emulate or will where with a good entrepreneurial idea could of man's existence as a producing animal most fear to fall behind. It will be very expect to be profiting from it (and to have from about 8000 BC when commercie.l agri desirable to retain strong and calm Amer set course to change the world?) within a cultural cultivation probably began, down ican influence in this period, rather than to few months. The Ford Motor Company was to about 1776-people did not grow much yield all of world leadership to (at best) the founded in mid-June, 1903, with a cash capi richer. By 2076 people sensibly may not want inexperienced Japanese. tal equal to today's price of a small subur to grow much richer, but for quite a few years ( 5) America's contribution in its third ban house and only 125 employees; it sold yet most people most definitely wlll. century will depend largely on how its three its first cars to customers that October, and And this is a main reason for worry at main institutions evolve in or out of pace made a profit from then on. Yet between America's 200th birthde.y. There is a danger with the changing times. These three main 1876-1910-while America was rearing Rocke that the Americans, with e.ll their power for institutions are, in reverse orde11 of. impor feller, Morgan, Harriman, Carnegie, Frick dyn!llffiism and good, may be !llbout to desert tance: its business corpomtions; its govern and Ford to seize this new age of opportu what should be their manifest and now ment; and its mechanisms for living together nity-what single name of a new and domes !lather easy destiny of leading the rest of us (what takes over from church, family, pio tically-based British entrepreneur springs towards a decent world society and an abun neer spirit, small-town togetherness, the easily to mind? de.nt cheap lunch. If they do, the leadership probably-failed experiment of suburbia The main reason for Britain's entrepre of the world may be yielded from American during a century when the third and great neurial decay around 1876 was that a cen to less sophisticated hands, at a perilous est transport revolution, that of telecom tury's experience as top dog had by then moment. munications, should gradually allow an in become deb111tating. The British upper class During research for this survey the fears creasing number of breadwinners to live in was strengthening its gut feeling that new listed here seemed to me to be (a) obvious, whatever communities they wish to form and sorts of commerce were surely rather vulgar, (b) avertible, (c) not recognized by nine to telecommute daily into their New York while the British business-decision-making tenths of the Americans to whom I swke. offices from homes in Tahiti or the Alps). class had itself become bureaucratic and pro Indeed, the largest cohorts of very intelll This summary has set a lot of angels tectionist rather than entrepreneurial. As gent Americans are looking for their favour dancing on the point of a pin. It may seem each new technological development appeared ite fears in precisely the opposite directions. clumsy to try to pick out the pattern of the in the late 19th century there were interests This sets a problem about the order in dance by first brooding on what may happen in Britain (entrenched among employers as which the ·arguments in this survey should be to American business during these next few well as in craft unions) who had prospered set down. It is a pity to begin by clodhop years. But I think that the influence of this from the development which it would re ping on corns. The survey's main arguments might be decisive for the lifetime of my chil place, so they united to wish that the new are that: dren, just as what happened to British and idea would please go away. America gained ( 1) The two great empires thaJt have ruled then American business in the years imme also because its industrial revolution was the first two centuries of industrial ad diately after 1776 and 1876 largely shaped the from the start based on technology geared to vance-The British in 1776-1876, and the two centuries 1776-1876 and 1876-1976. the market, as Edison and the half-million American in 1876-1976-have handled the At one stage of my journey through Amer other American patentees of 1870-1900 task of world leadership surprisingly well. ica in 1975, this thought made me rather sought dynamically to devise conveniences But the Amerioans on the eve of 1976. are glum. for the many instead of to dredge up ideas showing the same symptoms of a drift from fascinattng to the few. By contrast the Brit ish industrial revolution had even originally dyne.mism as the British did at the end of AMERICA THIRD CENTURY: AMERICA JOINS THE their century in 1876. been based on more leisurely and gentle (2) World leadership is therefore liable to FABIAN SoCIETY manly science, as scholars like' Newton and pass into new hands quite early in the cen America is adopting many of the upper Watt looked at an apple or a kettle and then tury 1976-2076. During the century the world class snob habits that checked Britain's eco thought of a most ingenious wheeze. will face some extraordinary opportunities, nomic dynamism after 1876. Such as anti America's entrepreneurial verve instead of and also some bizarre dangers. business paternalism, a glorification of game Britain's businesses' bureaucracy. America's (3) The opportunities will prob!llbly in keepers ... output-oriented technology instead of Brit clude an ability to put material living stand The first century of material advance after ta1n's scientific curiosity whether the moon ards in the twenty-first century more or less 1776, based on the invention of steam power was made of green cheese, America's bloody whatever men want them. I explain later and the transport revolution of the railways, clawed capitalism instead of Britain's good why I think that the remarkable upturn in was led by Great Britain. During this period corporate citizenship whose attempt at pa around 1776 in all of this survey's charts will it was widely understood that God was an ternalism was bound to fall down a class continue (indeed, probably accelerate) for Englishman because the most efficient busi and generation gap. In 1876 those were young a while, and why I share the Hudson Insti nessmen temporarily were. America's strengths, while these were old tute's guess that mankind could transform The British century ended in around 1876 Britain's senescent disease. its present annual gross world product (gwp) as it became apparent that the most efficient And today? The Briton travelling through of around $5 Y:z trillion made by 4 billion peo businessmen now weren't. The second cen America in 1975 at first has the eerie feeling ple to, some time within the life.time of kids tury of material advance from 1876-1976, that he has gone back to when grandfather already adolescent, a "satiating" gwp of be based on the invention of manufacturers' knew H. G. Wells. The entrepreneurial fer tween $100 trillion and $350 trillion for a assembly line techniques and the transport vour of the industrial age seems to be dying world population of between 10 billion and revolution of the internal combustion en- in the west. I think (see later in this survey) November 12, 19'75 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36215 that this first impression is too gloomy, but they have gotten religion-and catch the per class has always had the abllity to sound it w111 be good neighbourliness first to rub lynching spirit. persuasive while being fatuous, to dress America's birthday nose into the warning It would be impertinent for a foreigner gamekeepers' selfishness in pretty witty signs. to object to America's creeping ethic of anti phrases. At this fin de steele that mood is TREASON OF THE CLERKS dynamism if it had merely sprung from infecting the Americans, the upper class of The bad news for the world's teeming American selfishness. When you have a gnp the world. It needs to be turned back. masses this bicentennial is that in America per head over $7,000 a year, you naturally It can be turned back. But, awkwardly, the whole concept of thrustful business is in begin to regard growing much richer as a America in 1975 is also suffering from two danger of becoming unloved. The intellec bit of a bore-although American Christians other symptoms of Britain's post-1876 dis tuals have joined in the sneering against it, and humanists should be reminding zero ease. making it fashionable to believe that stagna growth Americans that, by discontinuing tion is not only wise but clever. This is ex their own industrial dynamism which has actly how it was when Britain's post-1876 de helped so much to drive world technology NEW YORK CITY FISCAL CRISIS cline began. It is strange that peoples do up through the bud, they could cruelly not see that not learning from history is reduce the forward prospects of the 2 bil HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER bunk. lion angry people on incomes under $200 a Through most of history, businessmen year with whom we share this rather small OF NEW YORK have been told by the upper classes of society planet. But the real horror today is that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America is not going slowly stagnationist that they are pushful upstarts. Since busi Wednesday, November 12, 1975 nessmen want most to rise in society, this out of selfishness. On campuses across the has naturally often discouraged them from continent, a. peculiarly innumerate anti Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, the po starting to push up. As even de Tocqueville growth cult is being taught to a generation tential consequences of a default by the said in the patchy book which many Ameri of idealistic kids as if it was high moral philosophy, or even a religion. city of New York has been a major con cans regard as their national legitimation, cern of the world banking community for the church in the late middle ages provided INDUSTROPHOBIA the first hope of a dynamic challenge to the many months. Last week a conference of This is a familiar fault in that otherwise world bankers was held in New York old stagnant feudalism-as the clergy opened lovely, brave continent. Remember G. K. its ranks to all classes, to the poor and the Chesterton? City. While general world banking issues rich, to the villein and t he lord, to every "There is nothing the matter with Ameri were on the agenda, the overwhelming uppity Becket. But by the time societies were cans except their ideals. The real American attention of the participants was focused rich enough for top churchmen to have a is all right; it is the ideal American who is on the fiscal crisis of New York City. In nice life, provided nobody disturbed them, all wrong." a November 7 article, the New York the church comfortably joined itself to the Idealist Americans should ponder the de Times reported that 68 percent of the rest of the establishment in deprecating rest lay they caused to the trans-Alaska oil pipe 118 foreign bankers interviewed at the less change, although it still good-na.turedly line, without humbug. said it was in favour of succour of the poor. There can be no real pretence this delay conference expressed grave concern that The breakthrough towards continuing ma was motivated by any environmentalists' "a default would have a major negative terial advance therefore waited on the emer thoughtful belief that the 15 square mlles impact on international financial mar gence of another part of the upper class covered by this pipeline would spoil the view kets." which was ready to reassure the lively that of the other 599,985 square miles of Alaskan Concern voiced over the possible ef panache was respectable. This new class wilderness which are hardly looked at by fects of default ranged from "a wave of came in England in the 17th century when anybody anyway (the few adventurous tour King Charles II favoured intellectuals inter distrust and instability" to "major with ists who do travel through this wilderness drawals from New York City banks." It ested in the scientific method, perhaps be will certainly detour dellberately to what cause he sought male company among an will be the pipeline's slightly conttrasting is obvious that the Europeans are more establishment different from that which had and therefore mildly interesting sight). There concerned with the effects of a New York lost his father his head. After a century's can aLso be no pretence that, at least after its City default than our own President. slow germination, Intellectuals in ferment initial redesign, the pipeline will be unfair It boggles the mind that Mr. Ford con played a major part in awakening Britain in to local wildlife; for them it will be an occa tinues to assert that default will have the first seven-eighths of its 1776-1876 cen sionally-useful shelter from the Arctic wind. little if any affect on the rest of America, tury-agricultural innovators against the Instead, the delay stemmed from a desire to squires, freetraders against the mercantil while the European bankers have pre be nasty to oil companies, plus aristocratic dicted that the value of the dollar will ism of governments, and doctors who fa resentment that poorer people growing rich voured a chemical feast against opponents er can become more uncouth. The delay could drop on world markets, affecting every of some advances like chloroform. Then, just have been justified if it had been used to American's buying power. I consider it after the mid-19th-century, this new British make the pipeline's building less of a drunk an irresponsible and dangerous misjudg ginger group followed the old church into ard's gold rush, less expensive, more inte ment to gamble on the Nation's financial favouring a decent gentlemanly stagnation. grated with the community. But, of course, stability without knowing the odds in By around 1876 a British Intellectual could the costs and urgency created by the delay volved-as Mr. Ford persists in doing. have a pleasant life in contemplation, and made each of these factors worse. his most natural resentment (like the resent It is the clear and unavoidable respon It was an unforeseen misfortune that this sibility of Congress to take the necessary ment of the squire, the parson and the spasm of industrophobia should have come bureaucrat) came to be against vulgar peo at a time when the delay to oil plpements steps in the immediate days ahead to ple who were restlessly and commercially has certainly cut America's employment, has block the disastrous potential effects of pushful. After about 1876 a "progressive in certainly aggravated the oil crisis for the default, as expressed by these European tellectual" in British public life no longer energy-short destitute countries, has neces banking community leaders and by our meant a person who belleved in progress sitated shabby compromises in American own Nation's largest bank, the Bank of and change; no longer a person who was foreign policy. In order to make more sym eager to rout down to the roots of every way America. Would it not be simple pru of doing things, so as to cut and graft wher metrical an Alaskan view for practically no dence to block these effects now and ever an improvement In production or effec body, the unemployment of black teenagers come to the aid of New York prior to de tiveness or competitiveness or individual in New York City has been pushed up the fault, rather than trying to put the pieces liberty could be secured. A "progressive intel last few percentage points towards 40%, a together again and restore world confi lectual" meant a paternalist, who did not few tens of thousands more brown men have starved to death in Bangladesh, and several dence, and our own credibility, after de like change very much but was eager to pass fault has pervaded the economies of our on in welfare benefl ts a larger part of the hundred thousand Israeli families have been easy growth in national income which his put in greater danger. It would be vindictive Nation and Western Europe, as Mr. Ford own antigrowth attitudes now made it to hammer home these truths to the hang-: is suggesting? slightly more difficult to attain. dog, but there still aren't any hangdogs. It The November 7, 1975, article from the And that is exactly what has happened was eerie during my trip across the campuses New York Times on the world banking in America in these years just before 1976. of the continent to hear so many supposedly conference follows: The United States has joined the Fabian left-wing young Americans who still thought [From the New York Times, Nov. 7, 1975} Society of about 1903. Many of the new they were expressing an entirely new and Democrat members of Congress, including progressive philosophy as they mouthed the FOREIGN BANKERS WORRY OvER CrrY some presidential aspirants, would find that same prejudices as Trollope's 19th century (By Terry Robards) Fabian Society their most natural natural Tory sqUires; attacking any further expan~ Deep concern over the potential conse home, militant middle-class feminism and sian of industry and commerce as impossibly quences of a New York City default has all, but plus the old American disease. When vulgar, because ecologically unfair to their spread through the overseas banking com upperclass Americans impose snob values on pheasants and wnd ducks. Some of their emo munity and could result in foreign with emotional populists, they often think that tions were rather nicely expressed. The up- drawals from New York banks if a default oc- 36216 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 19'75 curs, according to a survey and spot check trasted with a recent statement by Dr. Arthur No sooner had the water from the of foreign bankers meeting here yesterday. F. Burns, chairman of the Federal Reserve March 12 flooding receded than another Many of the foreign bankers also feel that Board in Washington, who said Monday serious flood struck in July. a default would have a major negative im that he found it "difficult to believe" reports A project to correct this situation has pact on the international financial markets of concern in European financial circles. been under development by the Corps of and might create problems in municipal Dr. Burns, who has repeatedly suggested financing in other parts of the world. that the consequences of a New York default Engineers for several years. A corps pro These were the principal indi9atlons from would not be great, said he had placed tele posal as submitted in House Document interviews with bankers from 10 countries phone calls to European financiers and had No. 94-221 has been submitted and con and from a survey of 281 participants at a found that they "were not really concerned.'-' sidered by the Office of Management and foreign exchange sponsored by the Ameri Andre Delvaux, head of the international Budget. That proposal recommends con can Bankers Association here. money desk for the Societe Generale de struction of approximately a mile of New York City's fiscal crisis appeared to Banque in Belgium, said the impact of a de concrete-lined channel on Harris Fork be the central topic of discussion at the con fault would be "bad." He said market partic ference. The deepest concern was expressed ipants would be "very cautious to go into Creek and South Fulton Branch in the by representatives from foreign banks, many deals" and the dollar would probably lose citi~s of Fulton, Ky., and South Fulton, of whom said they found it impossible to value relative to other currencies. Tenn., plus about 10 miles _of channel believe that a default would be permitted. The foreign exchange officer of a British enlargement downstream to the junc The survey, conducted by the A.B.A. staff bank said the impact of a default would be tion with the North Fork of the Obion during a general session' of the conference, "quite considerable" and would "make any River. The estimated total cost of the showed that 68 percent of the 118 foreign other city in the world suspect." Asked about project is $4,608,000 giving it a positive bankers who responded felt that a default Dr. Burns's comments, he said he was "not benefit-cost ratio of 1.6 to 1. would have a major negative impact on in sure I believe" the Fed chairman. ternational financial markets. B. R. Gadire of the State Bank of India I, along with my distinguished col In contrast, only 46 percent of the 92 foresaw multinational companies' pulling league, Mr. HuBBARD, am introducing American bankers who responded felt that their deposits out of major New York banks. legislation that will authorize the Harris the impact would be major, although 20 "This would affect the capacity of the Ne':7 Fork Creek project in accordance with percent expressed uncertainly about the im Yoirk City banks to extend operations in the recommendation of the Chief of En pact. the Eurodollail' mail'ket." But he noted that gineers with an additional amendment "I'm finding that most foreign bankers the Eurodollar mairket "has weatheired crises that will allow both cities to receive the are terribly concerned," said Representative before." full benefits of this flood control project. Thomas M. Rees, a California Democrat, who LACK OF UNDERSTANDING CITED addressed the conference. The foreign bank A last-minute change, unrevealed to Repiresentative Rees said the heaviest im the local sponsors until last spring, had ers, he said, "are in fact more conc.erned pact of a default would be on six major New than the American bankers." York City banks that collectively hold $1.05 a devastating impact on the ability of Representative Rees, who is a co-author billion in New York City bonds and $676 mil the two small communities to meet their of legislation to provide Federal guarantees lion in bonds of the Municipal Assistance obligations for the project. As originally to alleviate New York's financial distress, pre Corporation. contemplated, and as included in the 1971 dicted a "serious" impact on the money mar He noted that much of the deposits in interim report on the Harris Fork Creek kets, adding, "There would be a liquidity the big New York banks were in shoil't-term crisis in the banking system." project, the cost-sharing agreement was ceil'tificates of deposit. "Unfortunately, he modeled upon the west Tennessee trib None of the foreign bankers interviewed said, "ouil' Federal system of goveil'nment is felt that a "liquidity crisis" was in prospect, not well understood overseas." utaries project, of which Harris Fork but most felt certain that a default would "It's inconceivable to many ·abroad that Creek is a part. Under that project, the have an impact, if only temporary, on the the financial capital of the United States Federal Government pays the cost of financial markets and on bank capital and would go into default," he said. "There 1s bridge relocations and alterations. earnings in some cases. no telling what effect this psychological fac However, the final corps report last "I think the repercussions could be bigger than we understand now," said Bjarne Kvig tor might have upon those who possess mil summer amended that approach, in line stad, general manager of treasury and for lions, if not billions, of C.D.'s in our bank with a conflicting standards of local par ing system." ticipation from the 1936 Flood Control eign exchange operations for the Norwegian Participants in the·conference, which con Credit Bank in Oslo. tinues today at the Americana Hotel, inter Act. The corps assigned the responsibility "If New York can go into bankruptcy, for the necessary relocations and altera people will begin to ask, can the city of preted this comment as a suggestion that a default could trigger a sudden outflow of tions of highways and highway bridges Oslo also go in bankruptcy? As a European, to the local communities. it is unbelievable to me that they could let funds from New York banks. New York City go bankrupt." This is no small item. Specifically, this Mr. Kvigstad declined to say whether he change raised the local share from $610,- anticipated major withdrawals from New HARRIS FORK CREEK PROJECT 000 to about $1.5 million. Included in York banks, but he said: "The question is BADLY NEEDED the additional charge was the relocation there: shall we withdraw? Just the question or alteration of three bridges in Obion can have an effect." County, Tenn., four bridges in the city Akira Nishiwaka, New York representative HON. ED JONES of South Fulton, Tenn., and two bridges of the Bank of Tokyo, said: "I personally feel OF TENNESSEE in Fulton, Ky. there might be some trouble if New York City goes into default," he noted that prob IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, last July 25 the Senate Public Works Committee held a hearing lems could occur for his own bank in settling Wednesday, November 12, 1975 foreign exchange transactions in the event on this proposal. Local offi.cials--includ of a default. Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, ing Mayor K. M. Win'ston of South Ful "The European banks, if they're scared to the citizens of South Fulton, Tenn., and ton, Mayor L. C. Bone of Fulton, and the pay money to us through New York, whwt do its twin city of Fulton, Ky., have been city managers of both communities we do?" he asked. But he also said he was plagued with major flooding problems optimistic that any disruptions in the fi testified that the cost of relocating the nancial markets would be short-lived. for many years. But the rate and severity bridges was completely outside the means Otto Schelin of the Danish National Bank, of that problem has intensified in recent of the two small towns, whose combined the central bank of Denmark, said he felt a years to such an extent that it has in annual property tax income totals $130,- default would have an impact in Europe, but flicted severe economic losses on those 000. The committee was told that the he said he "would hesitate" to predict a communities. two towns-with a combined population panic. Another Danish banker suggested that For example, both cities have been hit of about 6,500-could never raise this re central banks in general would intervene to with severe floods 11 times in the past 30 quirement for the single purpose of relo stabilize the foreign exchange markets. years but 5 o;f those floods have occurred cating nine bridges. BANK INTERVENTION LIKELY in the past 5 years. The flood of March 12 This inability to meet the revised local A German bank director predicted that a of this year was the most devastating cost-share requirements, com plica ted default would have "lots of negative results to date--damaging homes and busi further by the bi-State nature of the on the international dollar markets. He re project, has stalled the project. In view ferred to a "wave of distrust and ins:tability." nesses, displacing hundreds of urban and But he, too,· said there would be no panic rural families, and affecting important of the history of the frequent and seri because of probable central bank interven public facilities and utilities. So severe Ous flooding, and the years of delay al tion. was the damage that the President de ready experienced, I believe that the The remarks of many of the bankers con- clared the area as a major disaster area. Harris Fork Creek project must be au- November 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 36217 thorized now, and that it is only fair that gated by the KGB and expelled a second time her brother, literary critic Ivan Svitlychny, the bridge relocation cosU; be assigned as after reinstatement into the Artists Union. Nadia became active in voicing protest on After 1968 she became active in defense of his behalf and on behalf of other arrested a Federal responsibility, since it was imprisoned Ukrainian historian Valentyn Ukrainian intellectuals. After the murder when the interim report was developed. Moroz. On November 28, 1970, Alla Horska of her good friend Alia Horska, Nadia Mr. Speaker, I believe that this is a was murdered under circumstances which Svitlychna vigorously demanded a thorough sound project, and I believe that it is led to the widespread conviction that the investigation. In 1969 she married Danylo essential that it be approved soon by crime was politically sanctioned. Her fu Shumuk, a former political prisoner and the Congress so that work can go for neral became a mass gathering of Ukrainian member of the Ukralnlan national resistance ward as soon as possible. intellectuals, many of whom were arrested during World War II. After Shumuk was for political reasons within the next two again arrested in 1971 and sentenced to 10 years. The underground journal The Ukrain years' imprisonment and 5 years of exile, ian Herald dedicated its entire fourth issue to Nadia resisted pressure to denounce him. her memory. She herself was arrested in April 1972, a few THE PLIGHT OF UKRAINIAN WOMEN months after the second arrest of her broth IRYNA STASIV-KALYNETS er. On March 23, 1973, she was tried in a POLITICAL PRISONERS Sentenced to 6 years' imprisonment, 3 closed court in Kiev on a charge of "anti years' exile. Soviet agitation and propaganda" and re Born in Lviv in 1940, Iryna Stas attended ceived a 4-year sentence. She is serving her HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD and graduated from the University of Lviv, term in a hard-labor camp near Barashevo, OF MICHIGAN after which she became a teacher and sub the Mordovian ASSR. Nadia Svitlychna-Shu muk is serously 111; reportedly, she has breast IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sequently a lecturer on Ukrainian literature and language at the Lviv Polytechnical In cancer. Her son Yarerna. was at first placed Wednesday, November 12, 1975 stitute. During this period, she wrote nu in a state orphanage but is now being cared merous poems and stories for children. She for by Nadia's mother. Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, I rise met and married Thor Kalynets, a young and today to protest the inhumane treatment talented poet, and together they became in IRYNA SENYK of Ukrainian women political prisoners. volved in the movement for cultural and hu Sentenced to 6 years' imprisonment, 5 These women, many of whom are tal man rights in Ukraina. As a result, Thor was years' exile. ented artisU; and intellectuals, have been arrested during the 1965-66 wave of arrests, Iryna Senyk was 21 years old when in 1944 spirited off to Soviet jails, labor camps, against Ukrainian intellectuals, and although she was first arrested for her participation and insane asylums. he was released without trial, he was pre in the Ukrainian resistance movement. She These women have been arrested and vented from publishing his works. Iryna was spent the next ten years in the hard-labor also unable to publish, though she had not camps of Siberia and the Mordovian ASSR; persecuted because they have dared to been arrested. Furthermore in 1970 she lost it was during this period that she contracted speak freely; they have dared to dis her job as lecturer at the Institute. tuberculosis of the spine. In the early 1960's, agree; they have dared to defend their While working as a weaver in a textile she was politically rehabilitated and allowed convictions; and they have dared to show factory, she continued to speak out with to return to Ukraine. She was heard from an interest in the cultural and national her husband in defense of Ukrainian politi again in 1965, when she signed a collective rebirth of their country, the Ukraine. cal prisoners, especially in the case of letter to Soviet officials, protesting against I am gravely concerned about the Valentyn Moroz. Throughout 1971, Iryna the arbitrary re-imprisonment of Svya plight of these brave women and others Stasiv-Kalynets was unable to hold a job toslav Karavansky. In 1970, she was inter and in early 1972 she was arrested. In July rogated and her apartment was searched by who have been forced to tolerate blatant she was tried on a charge of "anti-Soviet the KGB in connection with the case against violations of their human rights. agitation and propaganda" and received a Valentyn Moroz. Iryna Senyk was herself In the spirit of Internat:onal Women's sentence of 6 years in labor camps and 3 arrested again in October 1972. Though ac Year, I ask my colleagues to join with years of exile. Though in poor health, she counts of her trial are sketchy, it is known me in calling for an end to this perse has participated in hunger strikes by wom that the prosecution's "case" was built cution and I add my support to those in en protesting conditions in the labor camp. around the poems she had written during She suspects she might have breast cancer, her first imprisonment, and her association calling for amnesty for these prisoners. yet proper medical attention has been I admire the strength and will of these with Moroz, Karavansky, and journalist Vya denied her. A few da.ys aflter her trial, Iryna's cheslav Chornovil. She is serving her 6-year Ukrainians. I am hopeful that the pain husband was also arrested and their daugh term in a hard-labor camp for political pris they have endured will soon end. I am ter Dzvinka 1s being cared for by relatives. oners near Barashevo, the Mordovian ASSR. hopeful that these shining examples of bravery will someday result in allowing STEFANIA SHABATURA NINA STROKATA-KARAVANSKA all people to voice their opinions without Sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment, 3 Sentenced to 4 years imprisonment. fear of retaliation. years' exile. Born on January 31, 1925, in Odessa, Nina In order to call attention to the plight Stefania Shabatura was born in 1938. Her Strokata graduated with honors from the of Ukrainian political prisoners, herewith tapestries have been acclaimed throughout Medical Institute there, became a physician, follows a partial list of women who have Ukraine and especially in the Kiev press. and worker in Inlcro-biological research. In Her exceptional artistic talent has been ac 1961 she married Svyatoslav Karavansky, a been imprisoned because they have dared knowledged in an entry in the History of political prisoner who had served 16 years to disagree: Ukrainian Art. However, a December 1971 for nationalist activity before he was am ALLA HORSKA (1929-70) exhibition in Kiev was the last occasion nestied in 1960. He became a very productive Under conditions of forced Russifi.cation where Shabatura's works were publicly writer and translator, but was arrested again in Ukraine, many Ukraln.ian fam111es exist in shown. She fell into official disfavor be in 1965 because he had written essays critical a totally Russifi.ed environment. It was into cause she had allegedly introduced political of the Communist Party and letters to com such a family that Alia Oleksandrivna Hor motifs into her tapestry art and because she munist officials in Poland and Czechoslo ska was born in Kiev on September 18, 1929. became vocal in defense of Valentyn Moroz, vakia, protesting against the violations of After her graduation from the Kiev Institute arrested for the second time in June 1970. human rights in the USSR, Nina Strokata of Art, however, she experienced a personal Stefania Shabatura petitioned to be allowed Karavanska actively went to the defense of awakening of her national consciousness, and admittance to his trial, then wrote appeals her husband and, in spite of intense pressure became active in organizing the Club of Cre in his behalf to Soviet authorities, including to renounce him, continued to stand by him. ative Youth t1962-1964), as well as evenings the Soviet Supreme Court. This activity led A vicious campaign against her-harass dedicated to art and literature, plays, and to her arrest in January 1972. She is pres ment at work, interrogations by the KGB, the dissemination of "sa.mvy day" (clandes ently in the Dubrovlag labor camp complex attacks in the press-was temporarily sus tine) literature. On the 150th anniversary of in Mordovia, where she has participated in pended in 1969 while she used her scientific the birth of the Ukralnlan national poet hunger strikes, written appeals to the UN, talents in combating a cholera epidemic in Taras Shevchenko, she joined with three oth and protested the prohibition to paint. She the South of Ukraine. In early 1971, the cam er artists in creating a stained-glass panel has been repeatedly punished by solitary paign began again-in May 1971, Strokata for the foyer of the Kiev State University. confinement in the camp prison. lost her job at the Medical Institute. On De This panel was destroyed by Soviet author cember 9, 1971, she was arrested by the KGB ities prior to its unveiling and resulted in NADIA SVITLYCHNA-SHUMUK and in May 1972 went on trial in Odessa. for Alla's expulslon from the Artists Union of Sentenced to 4 years' imprisonment. "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda." Ukraine. The remainder of her life was spent Nadia Svitlychna was born in the Donbas Though her health has badly deteriorated in dedicated work in the field of Ukrainian region of Ukraine. A member of the Kom she is reportedly suffering from a breast ma culture and in the persistent defense of ar somol during her youth, she studied philol lignancy-Nina Strokata-Karavanska has rested Ukrainian intellectuals, on whose be ogy at the Kiev State University, then been a leader of the hunger strikes by women half she wrote many letters of protest to worked at a Kiev radio station and later as in the labor camp where she is serving her 4- Soviet authorities. She herself was interro- a librarian (1968). After the 1965 arrest of year term. Her colleagues, microbiologists 36218 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 19'75 from around the world, have rallied in her the dark in their walnut and leather com that Washington subsidize the ditYerence in defense. In May 1974 she was made a full mittee room. The poor chaps were staring at interest rates between tax free and taxable member of the American Society for Micro the wall while Robert Fri, the Deputy Admin bonds and then guarantee them. biology. istrator of the Energy Research and Develop By now nobody in the room could begin ment Agency, and another guy from the to figure out what the final cost of the pro 0DARKA HUSYAK White House were putting the blocks to them ject might be ... $12 or $13 blllion and run Sentenced to 25 years' imprisonment. for mucho megabucks. ning up there higher toward you, Jesus ... Odarka Husyak was an active participant They lectured the congressmen in the dark but the nice thing about it is that most of it in the Ukrainian struggle for independence ness and showed slides on the wall. The White is "off-budget" debt, so that the folks will be as a courier for the central underground House man had two-color slides but Fri's able to vote for G. Rudolph a year from now leadership until her arrest on March 5, 1950. were in three colors and graphically more without realizing how he's running up the · She was sentenced to a 25-year term and dramatic. The slides had titles like "Major deficit on the sly. has served it in the prisons of Verkhne Synfuel Development Milestones." There are some other problems about the Uralsk and Vladimir and since 1968 in the Synfuel is the word the technologically hip proj(.'·ct, too. Like synfuel manufacture de concentration camps of the Mordovian use to show their hippitiness when referring mands more water than Colorado has and ASSR of Soviet Russia, She was 26 years old to squeezing gasoline out of oil shale. Since this sort of process takes stripped earth and at the time of her arrest; when her term is most of the oil shale is in Colorado, the pro cooks it so that when you return it to where completed sometime this year, she will have posal on the table was to spend untold bil you got it the soil is slightly less fertile than spent half of her Ufe in labor camps and lions in infinitely devious ways to dig up the the moon. Considerations of that sort did not prisons. state and squeeze the fossil juice out of it. detain Mr. Fri, who, in the spirit of the ad To that end the forceful Mr. Fri raised his ministration's economy drive, was telling the MARIA PALCHAK voice to the congressmen lost in the room's committee to "lay the check book on the Sentenced to death, commuted to 15 fuliginosity to inform them that, "If you table. We gotta go. We gotta begin." years' imprisonment. don't put the money on the table you haven't Maria Palchak was among those partici made the point that, damn it, we mean busi ness." ENERGY RESEARCH: A HARSH CRITIQUE SAYS pants of the Ukrainl!an national liberation FEDERAL EFFORT MAY BACKFIRE movement who refused to lay their arms The older congressmen who are habituated down. She was hiding out with an armed to spending money seemed satisfied with their (By Philip M. Botfey) partisan group in Ternopil Region when it marching orders, but some of the younger The Energy Research and Development Ad was discovered by the KGB in 1961. The sur fellows realized they were in the dark in more ministration (ERDA) is pursuing "a narrow, rounded members of the group made a des ways than one. Wirth of Colorado, smitten hardware-oriented approach" that overem perate attempt to fight their way out, then, with the vi-sion of his entire congressional phasizes the importance of increasing ener with this situation hopeless, shot !themselves district consumed by 20-story high steam gy supplies through complex, new technolo in order to avoid capture. Maria Palchak, shovels eating the Rocky Mountain flat, won gies. and largely ignore the possibilities for 34 years old at the time, was found critically dered why the government should guarantee conservation and small-scale technical solu wounded but alive. A complex operation $5 billion worth of the oil companies' loans tions. As a result, the agency's programs saved her life and she was made to stand to rub out his constituency. could, ironically, lead to "an increased de trial. The court's sentence-death by firing Contrary to their reputation for never pendence on foreign energy sources" between squad. An appeals court commuted Maria spurning a handout, some of the oil com now and the year 2000-the very opposite of Palchak's death sentence to fifteen years' panies, like Standard of California, had wri.t the goal enunciated by President Gerald Ford imprisonment. At present, she is in a con ten the committee to suggest in a tactful way and by ERDA itself. centration camp in Mordovia. that Fri go back to his hive and think up That surprising conclusion and sharp in another way of blowing in the billions. It is dictment comes from the congressional Of Standard's contention that large amounts of fice of Technology Assessment (OTA), which shale oil can't be produced for another gen has just completed a comprehensive review FUELISH QUESTIONS eration or until about the year 2001, and that of the energy agency's national plan for en any synfuel of this sort that is produced will ergy R & D and of the programs launched to HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER cost twice what natfuel can be bought for achieve the plan's objectives. from the Arabs. The review was requested by the House OF NEW YORK The administration's answer to that is Committee on Science and Technology, later IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES authorization to consecrate another 4 or 5 joined by the Senate Interior and Insular billion for a subsidy to bring the synfuel Wednesday, November 12, 1975 Affairs Committee and the Joint Committee price down to a competitive level. It was on Atomic Energy. All three have major re Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am also suggested, while everybody was sitting sponsibiUties for portions of the ERDA inserting two articles in the CoNGRES there in the gloaming, that another 5 or 6 budget. SIONAL RECORD today. One, written by hundred million be thrown in as ''construc The analysis was carried out for OTA by Nicholas von Hoffman, titled "The Back tion grants" for the util1ty companies who, six panels of experts drawn from academic, it was explained, are already so debt bur industrial, and nonprofit institutions; envi· room Method of Dealing With Some Very dened they can't even borrow with a 100 Fuelish Questions" which appeared on ronmental and public interest groups; and per cent federal loan guarantee. professional societies.~ These panels were November 10 in the Washington Post, "About all we can do with this author backed up by statf member-s drawn partly and the other from the November 7 issue ization," spoke the voice of Rep. Philip Hayes from OTA itself, and partly from three uni of Science magazine titled "Energy Re (D. Ind.), "is prop up somebody." To which versities with active centers for energy policy search: A Harsh Critique Says Federal the voice of Fri responded that, "I guess analysis, namely the Massachusetts Institute Effort May Backfire," by Philip M. Boffey. I would disagree that I want those numbers of Technology, the Univer-sity of Oklahoma, From these two rather diverse sources because I'm selling somebody's stock." A and the University of Texas at Austin. In whisper from one of the non-lobbyists in the addition, critiques and background papers come some revealing views of the way audience was heard to suggest, "They ought were solicited from outside groups and in the administration is dealing with the to vote a 5 b1llion dollar loan guarantee for dividuals. It was unquestionably the most energy problems facing the country. the eugenics people to develop a higher class I urge all Members of Congress to of bureaucrat." Someone else wanted to know if there is any oil shale under City Hall in ~ The overview panel, which prepared a follow the points raised by the Office of summary of the conclusions to be drawn Technological Assessment in Science New York. The rejoinder to that was the city ought to be able to manufacture methane from the work of the other panels and out magazine. Surely the cry for loosening gas from the dog litter on the streets of Man side contributors, was chaired by Paul Craig, up the timid and underfunded conser hattan and use the profits to escape default. director of the University of California's vation program should take priority over "Where did this $410 million figure sur Council on Energy and Resources. Other ripping up the West and helping the big face?" a perplexed congressman asked, his members were Elizabeth Mann Borghese, synthetic fuels companies-especially if, face invisible in the gray light. The slide on Center for the Study of Democratic Institu tions; John H. Gibbons, Univer-sity of Ten as both Nicholas von Hoffman and OTA the wall said, "Public Infrastructure Devel nessee; Jerry Grey, independent consultant; note, we may not even have enough opment" and Fri or maybe it was G. Rudolph, Stanford S. Penner, Univer-sity of California water to carry out such a mammoth Ford's creature from the Office of Budget at San Diego; David J. Rose, Massachusetts commercialization program. and Management, was proposing a yet dif Institute of Technology; Robert Socolow, The articles follow: ferent set of loan guarantees for Colorado Princeton Univer-sity; Alvin M. Weinberg, municipal government to build facilities for Institute for Energy Analysis; and Wendell THE BACKROOM METHOD OF DEALING WITH the people running the steam shovels and H. Wiser, University of Utah. The staff was SOME VERY FuELISH QUESTIONS building the fossil juices. In order to conform headed by Jon M. Veigel. Separate ,panels (By Nicholas von Hoffman) to an ancient government policy of six or dealt with fossil programs; nuclear energy, The other afternoon you might have dis eight weeks standing that municipal tax solar, geothermal, and advanced technolo covered many members of the House Com exempt bonds should not be federally guar gies; conservation; and environment and mittee on Science and Technology sitting in anteed, the administration was advocating health. November 1.~, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS thorough look yet taken at the fledgling as was used to develop the atomic bomb or program assessments, told Science there is energy agency's goals and programs. send men to the moon, he said, the govern "a lot of pulling and tugging" within the In ERDA's defense, it should be pointed ment should concentrate on reducing the agency over whether ERDA should take a out that the agency only became operational numerous financial, market, and technical broader approach to energy problems. He ex on 10 January of this year, and that it was constraints which inhibit the private sector pects that the next version of the plan will required to submit to Congress by 30 June a from finding solutions to energy problems. give greater emphasis to commercialization national plan for energy research, develop Instead of developing technologies and then and environmental issues, though not neces ment, and demonstration. That was barely trying to "push" them on the economy, he sarily to all the nontechnological issues enough time to find new quarters and hire suggested, the government should try to stressed by OTA, some of which, he feels, may some key personel, let alone develop an imag unleash the demand forces that would "pull" more appropriately fall within the purview inative, pathfinding plan to solve the needed technologies into use. of other federal agencies. Similarly, Weinhold much-deplored "energy crisis." Thus it is per The OTA panelists, for their part, came anticipates some efforts to increase the at haps not surprising that much of the ERDA up with a host of more specific criticisms, tention paid to end-use technologies. "We effort consists of warmed-over programs in including the following: inherited programs with a lot of bucks and herited from the predecessor agencies that The ERDA plan pays little attention to people on the supply side," he says, "but only were merged into ERDA, notably the Atomic solutions that might have an impact over minuscule things on the end-use consump Energy Commission and the energy portions the next 10 years; only about 5 percent of tion side." of the Interior Department. But the OTA the agency's budget for fiscal year 1976 is Whatever ERDA does about the broader, evaluators, while sympathizing with the diffi devoted to solving near-term problems. nonhardware issues, the OTA panelists warn, culties confronting the new agency, never The plan overemphasizes electrification, "there can be no question of their impor theless pulled few punches because of the which has many advantages but is vulner tance . . .. Most are not, at present, receiving immense 1mportance of the agency's task. able to equipment malfunction and sabotage priority attention anywhere." The evaluators focused much of their at and has adverse environmental impacts. It tention on the documents known as ERDA emphasizes breeder reactors, solar electric 48, volumes 1 and 2-the "national plan" that systems, and fusion reactors as "inexhausti was submitted to Congress a few months ago. ble" energy sources for the long term, all of SAGINAW, MICH., STUDENTS TO Volume 1 articulates goals and priorities, which are capital-intensive producers of REWRITE U.S. CONSTITUTION while volume 2 sets forth programs to achieve electricty. Meanwhile, it tends to neglect those goals. In general, the evaluators found production of synthetic fuels by solar or volume 1 "a significant milestone in the nuclear energy, hydrogen and biomass fuels; HON. BOB TRAXLER evolution of a long-term national energy and direct use of solar, geothermal, and other OF MICHIGAN policy," though some of the goals were poor direct heat sources-solutions which may ly analyzed and appeared to contUct with one not have the ultimate potential of the "in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES another. However, volume 2 was judged mar exhaustibles" but could be "vital ingredients Wednesday, November 12, 1975 kedly inferior and "does not appear adequate in the future energy mix." to achieve the stated goals," the OTA group Conservation plans are "timid and under Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, during concluded. funded, despite strong Congressional en the course of the Bicentennial celebra The evaluators also went beyond the "na couragement." tions throughout the United States in tional plan" and analyzed the President's ERDA's efforts to integrate environmental 1976, many individuals are to be com amended budget, interviewed senior ERDA control research into its technology develop mended for their dedication in demon officials, and talked with key energy staff ment programs seems "at present illusory." strating American principles in their ac members from the Environmental Protection This is dangerous because "There is a signifi Agency, the Federal Energy Administration, cant risk inherent in the totality of ERDA's tivities. However, I am proud to inform and the Office of Management and Budget as mission. The impact on climatic balance of my colleagues that one of the most well. massive increases in heat rejection to the at dramatic and significant celebrations will They found scores of "deficiencies" which mosphere by man is unknown but potentially be taking place in the Eighth Congres generally fell into two broad categories. One catastrophic." sional District of Michigan. High school involved an overemphasis on complex, costly The level of funding for energy R & D may students within Saginaw County will be technology-the sort of fancy gadgetry that be too low, since it is an outgrowth of deci meeting starting in January of 1976 to tends to appeal to scientists and engineers, sions made prior to the Arab oil embargo. redraft the U.S. Constitution. Over 150 who are often bored by "low technology" ap Insufficient emphasis is placed on interna proaches to a problem. In OTA's opinion, tional cooperation, and on coordination with seniors from 19 public and private high ERDA has downgraded the less complex tech state and local governments. schools within the county will be meeting nologies that might improve efficiency of en Only limited attention is given to research January 26-28 to redraft their principles ergy use, and it has largely ignored such and analysis on social, economic, environ of democratic government. Preparations "nontechnological" issues as incentives for mental, and behavioral aspects of the energy are already underway to determine what commercial application, environmental con problem. policies the "New United States" should straints, competition for the use of scarce ERDA's basic research program has been follow as well as many technical matters resources, and public resistance. inherited from the agencies it incorporated, such as the degree of representation for The evaluators warn that ERDA might with the result that virtually all funds are well be successful in developing new tech devoted to nuclear power and high energy each high school within thl' convention. nologies, but that these might do little to science, while materials, combustion, fuel This excellent demonstration of young solve energy problems. As an example, they chemistry, and other disciplines crucial to people working to voice their formulas for call it "questionable planning ... for ERDA ERDA are neglected. a better America is being cosponsored by to pour large amounts of funds into the The methodology used in developing the the Saginaw County Bicentennial Com development of a commercially feasible tech ERDA plan relies on scenarios based on ques mission and the Saginaw News. I would nology for coal liquefaction if the technol tionable assumptions. The possibility of a like to share the development of this new ogy cannot then be used-because coal mines major reduction in energy growth because of exercise in democratic agreement with cannot supply the coal, transportation fa higher costs is not taken into account. More cilities are inadequate, capital is unavail over, the calculated capital costs for energy my colleagues through a series of ex able, or water is insufficient." systems include only supply side costs and cellent articles which have been written The second category of defect involved exclude consumer costs. Thus, ERDA's pro by Mr. John Puravs of the Saginaw News. an overemphasis on increasing the supply grams are biased in the direction of research I intend to continue to share these news of energy as opposed to programs aimed at to decrease supply costs while minimizing items with my colleagues and insert in reducing demand for energy. Unfortunately, research to reduce capital costs of such end this RECORD the final Constitution de although Congress, by law, has required use items as refrigerators, heat pumps, and veloped by these students in January. that energy conservation be "a primary con solar home-heating systems. I hope all my colleagues are as inspired sideration" in developing ERDA's program, ERDA has shown "timidity" and a reluc only 2 percent of the ERDA budget appears tance to assume its mandated role as the by this commendable attempt at under to be allocated to conservation programs. "lead agency" for energy R & D. The conse standing the operations of Government These criticisms are similar to some of quences could be costly because three sepa as I am: those made earlier this year in a report to rate federal agencies are now exploring tech STUDENTS GATHER TO PEN NEW U.S. the Joint Economic Committee by Robert nologies for coal cleanup and there is a CONSTITUTION Gilpin, professor of public and international danger that agencies "might work at cross (EDITOR's NoTE.-The Saginaw News and affairs at Princeton University. Gilpin chal purposes." the Saginaw County Bicentennial Comission lenged the government's efforts to find a ERDA has not yet made an official response are co-sponsoring a special Students' Con "quick fix" to the energy problem through a to the OTA criticisms, but many ERDA offi stitutional Convention in January 1976. Se "highly questionable approach to techno cials are said to agree with major thrust of lected student delegates from 19 high schools logical innovation." Instead of relying on a the OTA critique. Thus J. Frederick Wein inside Saginaw County will spend three days technology-oriented "crash program" such hold, director of ERDA's office of technical in drafting a new "Constitution" of their CX.XI--2281-Part 28 36220 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 12, 1975 own making for the third century of these Eisenhower High School, with former Michi The article has as its main objective United States. This a:rticle is a first to ex gan governor and Cabinet member George to dispel certain long-held myths about plain how they intend to get there from Romney as guest speaker. this here.) As part of their preparation, the students the Italian-American community in (By John A. Puravs) will visit Lansing No. 12 to tour th ) Michi Nation. First, despite the contention that Italian Americans are predominantly a After this January there may be no need gan Con-Con Museum and confer with for for an Equal Rights Amendment. It will be mer Con-Con delegates. The News will serve middle-class group, the fact is, Italian in the Constitution itself. as host. Americans endure the same poverty as Guns may be outlawed. So may the Fred Chase, secretary of Michigan's Con other groups in this Nation. They also Pentagon. Con, former secretary of the State Senate encounter severe discrimination in all as Radio and television may have the same and an expert parliamentarian, is serving as pects of life. Yet while they share com freedom now accorded to the press--or all adviser to the student convention. mon problems, their abilities to obtain may operate under the control of citizens' Helping with advice and planning are solutions are limited by virtue of Italian councils. teachers from each county high school, but There may stlll be three separate but equal convention sponsors stressed the faculty Americans not being considered as a mi branches of government. Or there may be group would play no role in writing the new nority group. not a Congress but a Parliament, and a Constitution. This touches on a fundamental prob Prime Minister instead of a President. "First and foremost, we want this to be a lem which I feel must be recognized and No one will know for sure unttl Jan. 28, learning experience for the students," said remedied for the future good of this Na when, as their Bicentennial present to the Gover, "and we hope the experience will go tion. I speak of the selective application United States of America, high school stu beyond those who participate directly in of the term minority. For those groups dents of Saginaw County write a new the convention." which fall under this designation, there Constitution. "The kids know nothing about govern Nearly 150 seniors from the county's 19 ment structure," noted Robert A. Fitzger seems to be an accompanying ability on public and private high schools wm con ald, a government teacher at Douglas the part of this Government to address vene Jan. 26-28 at the Civic Center to pre MacArthur serving as chairman of a faculty and remedy many of their problems. For pare a new guiding document for the nation. advisory committee. "They have very little th'Ose groups such as Italian Americans, Their Constitution may form a more per exposure to it." who may encounter all the problems of fect union, establish justice, insure domestic To dispel what he believes is apathy to minorities, but are not considered as tranquility, provide for the common defense, ward government, said Fitzgerald, "is one of the great things about this Con-Con, to stim such, their redress from the Govern promote the general welfare, and secure the ment is more limited. In essence there is blessings of liberty. ulate thought, to show they can do some But chances are it won't do all this quite thing about it. no national policy for Italians in this the way the Founding Fathers did. "They do care, but they don't know how Nation and this continues to be a source After their second planning meeting Mon to go about it. The kids are really getting of immense frustration to the millions of day at Douglas MacArthur High School, even into this." poor Italian Americans in this Nation. the students aren't sure what their Consti Aaron Moore agreed. "It's going very well, The answer to this dilemma, according tution will say. it's really interesting," he said. "It gives you a chance to express your ideas." to the author, is twofold. The first is to They can be certain, though, that they Underwriting convention costs are The redefine Italo-Americans as a minority will be the ones to decide that. News and the county Bicentennial Commis group. The second is to have the Halo "We don't want these students to get the sion. Expenses were estimated Monday to American community organize them idea we're trying to steer them, because we reach $8,000 or more. aren't," promised Burrows Morley, chairman selves into a viable political bloc to exert Morley explained the student Con-Con is pressure on their Government to have of the county's Bicentennial Commission. the county's major project in the "Horizons" "They're going to organize and run it." area of the celebration, "to celebrate our them meet their needs. The student Constitutional Convention, past history and see what's ahead of us, As an Italian American I have been co-sponsored by the Bicentennial Commis looking toward our third century." fighting for the rights of my community sion and The Saginaw News, is the only Bi The Horizons project is under the general throughout my career in Congress. I have centennial event of its type planned any leadership of Henry G. Marsh, former Sagi seen this Nation adopt special policies where in the country, Morley believes. naw mayor. with respect to employment and educa He described it as "a wonderful chance to Fit~gerald predicted the students won't find out what the young people of today are tion which have blatantly discriminated waste the money. against Italian Americans, despite the really thinking. These young people will "From what I've seen so far," he told the write a Constitution of the United States in faculty panel, "it's going to be a:ri. absolutely fact that these policies were designed their own thoughts and language. tremendous experience." to correct discrimination. This past sum "They may not even want our present "This thing, when it's printed up, should mer, I sought to amend the Voting Rights form of government, and this is what makes have some lasting value," said Morley. Act extension so that all ethnic, racial, it exciting." Once the students have completed their and religious groups could be covered "It will give 'us a perspective on the think vision of U.S. government in our third cen under its provisions. In the bill special ing of today's youth that we've never had tury, The News plans to print the entire text protections were to be extended to cer before," said Raymond L. Gover, editor of of their Constitution, giving Saginaw County The News. citizens, in Gover's words, "an opportunity tain minority groups to prevent future It was apparent Monday that the students to find out what today's youth thinks of our instances of voter discrimination. This are welcoming the challenge. form of government and the Constitution included providing bilingual voter infor While an 18-member faculty steering com that governs it." mation for the affected groups, which mittee was planning such mundane matters were four in number. My amendment as bus schedules and lunch prices, the 18 sought to have these provisions extended students on the Rules Committee quickly drew up preliminary plans for running the to all Americans "whose principal spoken convention itself. MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ITALIAN language was other than English" not so Aaron Moore, 17, president of the Rules AMERICANS MUST BE DISPELLED much as a response to existing voter dis Committee, said the panel determined the crimination, but rather to provide re method of election and the powers of the dress for any discrimination against convention president, and made itself a HON. MARIO BIAGGI these groups which might occur during screening committee for proposals "so the OF NEW YORK the 10-year period that this bill was to convention would run more smoothly." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be extended. The amendment unfortu Moore, an Arthur Hlll High School stu nately failed but the large support it did dent, is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Ray F. Moore, Wednesday, November 12, 1975 311 Superior. receive brought into focus the question The Rules group is the vanguard of dele Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I would like of whether the selective policy of aiding gates from all county high schools-a total to bring to the attention of my colleagues minorities was in the best "interest of this of 148, with each school represented accord an article which appeared in the Sunday Nation. ing to its student population. New York Times, October 19 edition, en Italian Americans like so many other Each school will have at least three con titled "On Italians." The article was groups immigrated to our shores to em vention members. Arthur Hill, with 23, and written by a Mr. Michael Suozzi, director bark upon a new life of freedom and Saginaw High, with 21, will have the largest delegations. However, votes may be weighted of Community Affairs and Education of equality. Yet today there are questions as to give smaller schools more convention vot the Italian American Center for Urban to whether this Nation continues to be ing power. Affairs, Inc., of New York, N.Y. I will in the vanguard of democracy it was when Such details will be worked out at a first sert this thought-provoking article in the these people first immigrated. As we ap session of the full convention Oct. 15 at RECORD following my comments on it. proach the 200th anniversary of this Na- November 13, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 36221 tion's independence we have a respon On the urban scene, the situation seems This absurd, ludicrous and vicious practice sibility to renew our commitment to in to be improving as Federal agencies have be has no place in a society that vaunts itself suring that the benefits of democracy gun to give significant support to the com as a haven of democracy and fair play. are extended to all our citizens. The munity. But New York City agencies have But the future is bright. Italian-Ameri Italian-American community has been continued their unspoken policy of !»differ cans are learning through bitter experience ence and hostility. that this is a society that rewards only those an integral part of this Nation's past and Part of the reason for the difficulties faced who organize themselves into political-eco want to contribute to its future. We must by the Italian-American people is rooted in nomic blocs that exert irresistible pressure work to recognize their past contributions the utter failure of many urbanists, social in all areas of government and private enter and help them realize their future hopes. psychologists, sociologists and economists to prise. We also have learned that an imperial Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to insert this recognize that Italian-Americans are indeed oligarchy bows only to large-scale ideological very important article into the RECORD. a "minority group" in every sense of that and monetary strength. We must be vigilant in the protection of designation. For it is not in the celebration of past Large numbers of poor, elderly and inca glory that the Italian-American people will our freedoms and must not be lax in as pacitated Italian-Americans do not receive suring that all Americans enjoy these find their place in modern society, but in assistance because many government agen the comprehension, analysis and use of the freedoms: cies do not have a systematic policy toward ON ITALIANS social forces of the mass indust rial civiliza our community. tion. (By Michael Suozzi) Italian-Americans are not a preponder The heritage of southern Italy was that of antly middle-class group; they have not The approaching centenary of the first feudal exploitation, everlasting serfdom, in great immigration of southern Italians to "made it," no matter how much publicity is wasted on celebrities and other "successful" tellectual bondage and political chaos. But the United States should be an occasion for this heritage also included the noble cour the reassessment of the role played by the personages. Our people are still largely within the poor, the "laboring poor" and the work age of a people that refused to surrender its southern Italian in America since 1880. integrity, that left this chaos to find a JieW Here in the tristate area, the Italian-Amer ing classes. ican community is experiencing difficulty in The continued intolerable denigration of hope in America, and that has triumphed achieving certain socioeconomic and educa the Italian-American people by the media, in beyond its greatest hopes in achieving a tional goals. the form of cinema, tawdry novels, phony place in this society. Especially in the academic community, a exposes, political assassination through in Much is yet to be accomplished; great certain indifference and hostility is wide nuendo and guilt-by-association, television obstacles still face us. We know that America spread. In the City University of New York, a series and spurious newspaper reports that does not give to the weak and the disunited. condition of de facto discrimination directed depict the Italian-American as a sneaky, sin It is our intention to unite every Italian against Italian-American professors has ex ister and swarthy monster capable of the American community in the United St ates isted for many years. Only 4 per cent of the most heinous atrocities, must be ended at to reach the final realization of the promise faculty is of Italian origin. once. that the newcomers of 1880 had sought.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, November 13, 1975 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE in praise of his distinguished service to the Nation. The Reverend Martin H. Phillips, A message from the Senate by Mr. Evangelist Association, Pueblo, Colo., of Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced fered the following prayer: that the Senate had passed with amend THE RETIREMENT OF MR. JUSTICE 0 Lord, our Saviour and our Guide, we ments in which the concurrence of the DOUGLAS pray for the people who have given them House is requested a bill of the House (Mr. ALBERT asked and was given selves to serve the people of this great of the following title: permission to address the House for 1 Nation, the United States of America. W-e H.R. 9915. An act to make technical minute and to revise and extend his believe that our Nation is great for Your amendments to the Federal Rules of Evi remarks.) Gospel because our Nation was founded dence, the Federal Rules of Criminal Pro Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I join on Your Gospel of Truth; and so may we, cedure, and to related provisions of titles 18 thousands of Americans across the land 0 Lord, go on with a faith no storm can a.nd 28 of the United States Code. in expreSS'ing deep regret over the fact shock. We will do this because of Your The message also announced that the that Mr. Justice Douglas has, for very powerful hand of guidance-yes, that Senate disagrees to the amendments of serious health reasons, found it neces same hand of guidance that has caused the House to the bill