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Revista Inclusiones Issn 0719-4706 Volumen 7 – Número Especial – Octubre/Diciembre 2020 CUERPO DIRECTIVO Mg. Amelia Herrera Lavanchy Universidad de La Serena, Chile Director Dr. Juan Guillermo Mansilla Sepúlveda Mg. Cecilia Jofré Muñoz Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile Universidad San Sebastián, Chile Editor Mg. Mario Lagomarsino Montoya OBU - CHILE Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chile Editor Científico Dr. Claudio Llanos Reyes Dr. Luiz Alberto David Araujo Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile Pontificia Universidade Católica de Sao Paulo, Brasil Dr. Werner Mackenbach Editor Europa del Este Universidad de Potsdam, Alemania Dr. Aleksandar Ivanov Katrandzhiev Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica Universidad Suroeste "Neofit Rilski", Bulgaria Mg. Rocío del Pilar Martínez Marín Cuerpo Asistente Universidad de Santander, Colombia Traductora: Inglés Ph. D. Natalia Milanesio Lic. Pauline Corthorn Escudero Universidad de Houston, Estados Unidos Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía, Chile Dra. Patricia Virginia Moggia Münchmeyer Portada Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile Lic. Graciela Pantigoso de Los Santos Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía, Chile Ph. D. Maritza Montero Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela COMITÉ EDITORIAL Dra. Eleonora Pencheva Dra. Carolina Aroca Toloza Universidad Suroeste Neofit Rilski, Bulgaria Universidad de Chile, Chile Dra. Rosa María Regueiro Ferreira Dr. Jaime Bassa Mercado Universidad de La Coruña, España Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile Mg. David Ruete Zúñiga Dra. Heloísa Bellotto Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello, Chile Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil Dr. Andrés Saavedra Barahona Dra. Nidia Burgos Universidad San Clemente de Ojrid de Sofía, Bulgaria Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina Dr. Efraín Sánchez Cabra Mg. María Eugenia Campos Academia Colombiana de Historia, Colombia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dra. Mirka Seitz Dr. Francisco José Francisco Carrera Universidad del Salvador, Argentina Universidad de Valladolid, España Ph. D. Stefan Todorov Kapralov Mg. Keri González South West University, Bulgaria Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, México Dr. Pablo Guadarrama González Universidad Central de Las Villas, Cuba COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO INTERNACIONAL Dra. Manuela Garau Centro Studi Sea, Italia Comité Científico Internacional de Honor Dr. Carlo Ginzburg Ginzburg Dr. Adolfo A. Abadía Scuola Normale Superiore de Pisa, Italia Universidad ICESI, Colombia Universidad de California Los Ángeles, Estados Unidos Dr. Carlos Antonio Aguirre Rojas Dr. Francisco Luis Girardo Gutiérrez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Colombia Dr. Martino Contu José Manuel González Freire Universidad de Sassari, Italia Universidad de Colima, México Dr. Luiz Alberto David Araujo Dra. Antonia Heredia Herrera Pontificia Universidad Católica de Sao Paulo, Brasil Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, España Dra. Patricia Brogna Dr. Eduardo Gomes Onofre Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Brasil Dr. Horacio Capel Sáez Dr. Miguel León-Portilla Universidad de Barcelona, España Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dr. Javier Carreón Guillén Dr. Miguel Ángel Mateo Saura Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses “Don Juan Manuel”, España Dr. Lancelot Cowie Universidad West Indies, Trinidad y Tobago Dr. Carlos Tulio da Silva Medeiros Diálogos em MERCOSUR, Brasil Dra. Isabel Cruz Ovalle de Amenabar Universidad de Los Andes, Chile + Dr. Álvaro Márquez-Fernández Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela Dr. Rodolfo Cruz Vadillo Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Dr. Oscar Ortega Arango México Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México Dr. Adolfo Omar Cueto Dr. Antonio-Carlos Pereira Menaut Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Argentina Universidad Santiago de Compostela, España Dr. Miguel Ángel de Marco Dr. José Sergio Puig Espinosa Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Dilemas Contemporáneos, México Dra. Emma de Ramón Acevedo Dra. Francesca Randazzo Universidad de Chile, Chile Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Honduras Dr. Gerardo Echeita Sarrionandia Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, España Dra. Yolando Ricardo Universidad de La Habana, Cuba Dr. Antonio Hermosa Andújar Universidad de Sevilla, España Dr. Manuel Alves da Rocha Universidade Católica de Angola Angola Dra. Patricia Galeana Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Mg. Arnaldo Rodríguez Espinoza Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica Dr. Miguel Rojas Mix Dra. Noemí Brenta Coordinador la Cumbre de Rectores Universidades Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Estatales América Latina y el Caribe Ph. D. Juan R. Coca Dr. Luis Alberto Romero Universidad de Valladolid, España CONICET / Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Dr. Antonio Colomer Vialdel Dra. Maura de la Caridad Salabarría Roig Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España Dilemas Contemporáneos, México Dr. Christian Daniel Cwik Dr. Adalberto Santana Hernández Universidad de Colonia, Alemania Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dr. Eric de Léséulec Dr. Juan Antonio Seda INS HEA, Francia Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Dr. Andrés Di Masso Tarditti Dr. Saulo Cesar Paulino e Silva Universidad de Barcelona, España Universidad de Sao Paulo, Brasil Ph. D. Mauricio Dimant Dr. Miguel Ángel Verdugo Alonso Universidad Hebrea de Jerusalén, Israel Universidad de Salamanca, España Dr. Jorge Enrique Elías Caro Dr. Josep Vives Rego Universidad de Magdalena, Colombia Universidad de Barcelona, España Dra. Claudia Lorena Fonseca Dr. Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni Universidad Federal de Pelotas, Brasil Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Dra. Ada Gallegos Ruiz Conejo Dra. Blanca Estela Zardel Jacobo Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Dra. Carmen González y González de Mesa Comité Científico Internacional Universidad de Oviedo, España Mg. Paola Aceituno Ph. D. Valentin Kitanov Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Chile Universidad Suroeste Neofit Rilski, Bulgaria Ph. D. María José Aguilar Idañez Mg. Luis Oporto Ordóñez Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, España Universidad Mayor San Andrés, Bolivia Dra. Elian Araujo Dr. Patricio Quiroga Universidad de Mackenzie, Brasil Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile Mg. Rumyana Atanasova Popova Dr. Gino Ríos Patio Universidad Suroeste Neofit Rilski, Bulgaria Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Perú Dra. Ana Bénard da Costa Dr. Carlos Manuel Rodríguez Arrechavaleta Instituto Universitario de Lisboa, Portugal Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, México Centro de Estudios Africanos, Portugal Dra. Vivian Romeu Dra. Alina Bestard Revilla Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, México Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte, Cuba Dra. María Laura Salinas Dra. Jaqueline Vassallo Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina Dr. Stefano Santasilia Dr. Evandro Viera Ouriques Universidad della Calabria, Italia Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro, Brasil Mg. Silvia Laura Vargas López Dra. María Luisa Zagalaz Sánchez Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México Universidad de Jaén, España Dra. Maja Zawierzeniec Universidad Wszechnica Polska, Polonia Editorial Cuadernos de Sofía Santiago – Chile OBU – C HILE REVISTA INCLUSIONES ISSN 0719-4706 VOLUMEN 7 – NÚMERO ESPECIAL – OCTUBRE/DICIEMBRE 2020 Indización, Repositorios y Bases de Datos Académicas Revista Inclusiones, se encuentra indizada en: CATÁLOGO DR. NATALIA VICTOROVNA KUZNETSOVA / PH. D. (C) ALLA ANATOLYEVNA KRAVCHENKO LIC. EKATERINA VLADIMIROVNA OKONOVENKO REVISTA INCLUSIONES ISSN 0719-4706 VOLUMEN 7 – NÚMERO ESPECIAL – OCTUBRE/DICIEMBRE 2020 BIBLIOTECA UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN DR. NATALIA VICTOROVNA KUZNETSOVA / PH. D. (C) ALLA ANATOLYEVNA KRAVCHENKO LIC. EKATERINA VLADIMIROVNA OKONOVENKO REVISTA INCLUSIONES ISSN 0719-4706 VOLUMEN 7 – NÚMERO ESPECIAL – OCTUBRE/DICIEMBRE 2020 ISSN 0719-4706 - Volumen 7 / Número Especial / Octubre – Diciembre 2020 pp. 292-318 SANCTIONS AS AN INCENTIVE FOR FORMATION OF THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION POLICY OF RUSSIA Dr. Natalia Victorovna Kuznetsova Far Eastern Federal University, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-0544-8897 [email protected] Ph. D. (c) Alla Anatolyevna Kravchenko Far Eastern Federal University, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-8596-7274 [email protected] Lic. Ekaterina Vladimirovna Okonovenko Far Eastern Federal University, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-2751-527X [email protected] Fecha de Recepción: 07 de junio de 2020 – Fecha Revisión: 16 de junio de 2020 Fecha de Aceptación: 29 de septiembre 2020 – Fecha de Publicación: 01 de octubre de 2020 Abstract Nowadays, Russia is experiencing collective pressure in the form of economic sanctions from the United States and Western Europe. All taken sanctions were aimed at weakening the Russian economy and its maximum isolation. In such conditions, the problem of assessing the effectiveness of the sanctions policy is extremely urgent. The methodological approach for assessing the degree of effectiveness of economic sanctions in this research provides by three stages: determining the level of dependence of the Russian economy on international trade, assessing the level of development of the national economy, and assessing the policy of import substitution. Assessment of the relationship between GDP, exports and imports indicates about a high level of dependence of the Russian economy on international trade, except for the period 2008-2018. A comprehensive assessment of the competitiveness of
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