Letter of Paul Colossians

Living Way Bible Study

Study: The Letter of Paul to the Colossians Author: Luther E. Schwartzkopf Lesson Count: 8 The

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Find out more at www.livingwaybiblestudy.org this page is intentionally left blank The Letter of Paul to the Colossians 8

Author information Luther E. Schwartzkopf i Colossians 1:27-29 22 Bibliography ii Paul’s Great Concern for the Colossians – Bible Translations/Versions ii Colossians 2:1-5 22 Personal Application – Colossians 2:6-23 24 Lecturer Notes Some Thoughts on Slavery 1 Colossians 2:6-23 Lesson 5 Additional Notes on the Various People Theme: “Jesus alone gives full salvation!” 26 Mentioned in Closing – Colossians 4:7-17 2 Make Jesus the Center of Your Life! – Colossians 2:6-15 26 Colossians 2:9-10 27 Introduction Lesson 1 Colossians 2:11-13 27 A Brief History of the City of Colossae 3 Colossians 2:14-15 28 The Christian Congregation at Colossae 4 Reject false human notions – Colossians 2:16-23 28 The Occasion for Writing the Letter 4 Colossians 2:16-23 28 The “Heresy” in Colossae 5 Colossians 2:20-23 29 Authorship, Time, and Place of Writing 5 Personal Application – Colossians 3:1-11 30 Summary Statement 5 Personal Application – Colossians 1:1-14 6 Colossians 3:1-11 Lesson 6 Theme: “Jesus enables us to live in a new realm!” 32 Colossians 1:1-14 Lesson 2 Always Keep Your Eyes and Your Mind Set on Christ! – Theme: “The significance of Paul’s greeting” – Colossians 3:1-4 32 Colossians 1:1-14 8 With Jesus Conquer the Sins of the Flesh! – Paul’s Credentials – Colossians 1:1 8 Colossians 3:5-11 33 Paul’s Salutation – Colossians 1:2 9 Personal Application – Colossians 3:12-17 36 Paul’s Thanksgiving – Colossians 1:3-8 9 Colossians 3:12-17 Lesson 7 Paul’s Prayer – Colossians 1:9-14 11 Personal Application – Colossians 1:15-23 12 Theme: “With Jesus living in us our lives take on a whole new look!” 38 In Christ Jesus We Have a New Outlook Toward Others – Colossians 1:15-23 Lesson 3 Colossians 3:12 38 Theme: “You can trust Jesus completely because of who He is Christ Guides Us in Relationships with Believers – and what He has done for you!” 14 Colossians 3:13-17 39 Who Jesus Really Is – Colossians 1:15-18 15 Personal Application – Colossians 3:18-4:18 42 What Jesus has Done – Colossians 1:19-23 16 Personal Application – Colossians 1:24-2:5 18 Colossians 3:18-4:18 Lesson 8 Theme: “This new outlook guides us in all of our relationships Colossians 1:24-2:5 Lesson 4 in home, church, and community.” 45 Theme: “Paul’s dedication to his ministry shows Focus on the Family – Colossians 3:18-4:1 45 that he trusted fully in Christ!” 20 Special Concerns for the Household of Faith – Paul’s Ministry Shows His Trust – Colossians 1:24-29 20 Colossians 4:2-6 47 Colossians 1:25 21 The Fellowship of Believers in Action – Colossians 1:26 21 Colossians 4:7-18 48

Luther E. Schwartzkopf I this page is intentionally left blank Author Information Luther E. Schwartzkopf

LWBS Courses: The Epistle of James The Letter of Paul to the Colossians The First Epistle of Peter The Second Epistle of Peter & Jude Paul’s Second Epistle to the Corinthians Born in China of missionary parents (1922) Graduated from Concordia College (Milwaukee) in 1940 and Concordia Seminary (St. Louis) in 1945 Received degree in Sociology and graduate studies in Counseling Psychology from California State University (San Bernardino, CA) Spent entire ministry in the Southern CA District (1945-1988) Missionary-at-large, E. Sierra area (1945-48) Immanuel, Oceanside and Fallbrook (1948-50) Trinity, San Bernardino (1950-72) First full-time Director of Arrowhead Lutheran Camp (1972-88) Served on District Bible Institute staff in the 1950’s; developed and taught courses: How to Study the Bible and God’s Purpose for Lutheran Women Graduate Bethel Bible Series Bible Study Institute Served twenty (20) years on Synodical District, Mission Services Department, six years as chairman Retired from full-time ministry in 1988, with wife (Ruth) moved back to Bishop, CA to be with grandchildren and enjoy the outdoor activities as well as the beauty and majesty of the High Sierras Called to Glory — May 13, 2006

i Bibliography The Letter of Paul to the Colossians

Carson, Herbert M., Colossians/Philemon, Tyndale N.T. Commentaries, Volume 12, W.B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1978 Franzmann, Martin, The Word of the Lord Grows, Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, MO, 1961 Gaebelin, Frank E., The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, Volume 12, Zondervan Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 1981 Hoerber, Robert G., Concordia Self-Study Bible (NIV), Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, MO, 1984 Kee, H.C., Young, and Froelich, Understanding the New Testament, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1965 Kretzmann, Paul E., Popular Commentary of the Bible, N.T. Volume II, Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, MO, 1922 Kuschel, Harlyn J., People’s Bible Commentary, Philippians/Colossians/Philemon, Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, MO, 1992 Thayer, John Henry, Greek-English Lexicon, American Book Company, New York, NY, 1889 The Interpreter’s Bible Commentary, Volume 11, Abingdon Press, New York, NY, 1957 Luther’s Works, selected volumes, Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, MO, 1959

Bible Translations/Versions The Bible — An American Translation, N.T., Edgar J. Goodspeed, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1939 The Everyday Bible, New Century Version, Guideposts, Carmel, NY, 1988 The King James Version Letters to the Young Churches, J.B. Phillips, The Macmillan Company, New York, NY, 1951 The Living Bible-Paraphrased, Tyndale House Publishers, Wheaton, IL, 1973 The Revised Standard Version, The Oxford Annotated Edition, Oxford University Press, Chicago, IL, 1962 The New English Bible, Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, U.K., 1970 The New International Version, International Bible Society, East Brunswick, NJ, 1984 The New Testament, God’s Word to the Nations, Biblion Publishers, Cleveland, OH, 1988

ii Colossians Notes I Lecturer

Additional Notes on the Various People Mentioned in Closing – Colossians 4:7-17 2

Some Thoughts on Slavery For those of us who have seen the mini-series based on Alex Haley’s Roots or have done some personal research on the 19th century slave trade, the very word “slavery” stirs up a mix of deep feelings within us. When we consider the brutality with which many of the slaves were treated and the inhumane disregard of the feelings of mothers and fathers, whose children were often taken from them, we feel compassion for the slaves and understand their bitterness toward the slave owners. Very likely we have some pretty strong feelings about this awful system of slavery which fostered such terrible abuses of our fellow human beings.

When we come to a passage like the one in Colossians, chapter 3:22-4:1, in which slaves are directed in God’s Name to be submissive to their masters, it can’t help but disturb us. We wonder how the apostle Paul, of all people, could even touch on the subject without engaging in a tirade against the abuses of slavery or, for that matter, any system which deprives people of their personal freedom. Why doesn’t he simply instruct all of the Christian slave owners to set their slaves free?

We might very well ask that same question of the Scriptures, in general. The fact of the matter is that the Bible in both the Old and the New Testament has regulations and guidelines with regard to slavery, but we can’t find anywhere a clear condemnation of the institution of slavery.

In response to this concern, students of the Scripture call attention to certain circumstances which prevailed in those days, particularly in the first century A.D. In those days, slavery was considered a fact of life. People thought of it as just another “station” in life. There are some estimates which say that more than half of the population was made up of slaves. Slaves were the back-bone of the work-force in the Roman culture. As a matter of fact, people we would call “professionals,” such as doctors, teachers, artists, and civil servants, were technically slaves.

The reality is that there were very few job opportunities in the “free” world. For Paul to push slave owners to turn their slaves free would have been to bring turmoil and hardship upon those who were given their freedom. With the world as it truly was, it would have been nothing short of disastrous for masters to free their slaves. In most instances, except for those who were in

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Colossians i Lecturer abusive situations, slaves were generally better off than Additional Notes on the Various many free people. People Mentioned in Closing Colossians 4:7-17 The apostle Paul and his colleague Peter (who dealt with the topic in chapter 2 of his first epistle) never spoke in 1. Tychicus – Paul calls Tychicus a “beloved brother a manner which would suggest that they endorsed the and fellow servant in the Lord.” He was a native of the system of slavery. As one commentator suggests, they Ephesus region and had a long association with Paul, simply admitted its reality and endeavored to give their and spent time with him during his imprisonment. readers a perspective in which to live in an imperfect world. 2. Onesimus – the run-away slave, probably met Paul If this seems like a compromise and accommodation, in Rome and was converted to Christianity. Paul calls consider what they did insist upon. Society gave slave him “the faithful and beloved brother.” He was to assist owners the legal right to abuse their slaves by beating Tychicus. them with whips and rods, and even to kill them for minor infractions. The apostles revoked that license. They 3. Aristarchus – He was a Macedonian from Thessalonica instructed the masters to treat their slaves “justly and (see Acts 20:4). fairly,” and to remember that God, their Master, would hold them personally accountable for this (Colossians 4:1; 4. Mark – This is the same Mark who had deserted Paul Ephesians 6:9). on his first missionary trip (Acts 15:38). He is now a man whom Paul trusts. Paul commends him to the With this clear mandate to the Christian slave owners, Colossians. the apostle Paul not only was making a positive effort to improve the lot of the slaves, he was also making 5. Jesus (aka Justus) – This is the only time he is a powerful statement to the society of that time. mentioned. Jesus (Greek for Joshua) was a common Furthermore, the Church gave full membership rights to name among the Hebrew people. Christians stopped slaves. In the fellowship of the Church, slaves and slave- using it in the second century. owners were on the same level (Colossians 3:11). This was a revolutionary idea for that period of history. Without 6. Luke – Dr. Luke joined Paul in Troas. He became a being a direct attack, it nevertheless struck hard at the Christian and devoted his life to the Gospel ministry very roots of slavery. With its emphasis upon spiritual along with serving as Paul’s physician (Acts 16:10). freedom, the New Testament planted seeds that later bore fruit and convicted 19th century society of the evils of its 7. Demus – Later he deserted the faith (2 Timothy 4:10). slave trade.

The apostles’ way of dealing with social issues sets a pattern for the way in which God works effectively to bring about social change. God measures success the way a certain investment company in our day says it measures success: “One investor at a time.” It is as one Christian at a time makes the decision to invest his/her life and energies in a way of life that pleases God that there will be success in bringing about healthy change and improvement in society. This should be an encouragement for us to be conscientious about wanting to know and to follow God’s directives for our daily walk.

2 Lwbs Colossians Lesson 1 Introduction

The Christian Congregation at Colossae 4 The Occasion for Writing the Letter 4 The “Heresy” in Colossae 5 Authorship, Time, and Place of Writing 5 Summary Statement 5 Personal Application – Colossians 1:1-14 6

his letter in the New Testament, which we commonly refer to as “The Epistle of Paul to the Colossians,” isn’t all that long compared to some correspondence which the apostle had with other congregations. It has ninety-five verses and in my personal Bible takes up only about three pages, three pages out of two hundred fifty-six. If my math is correct, the letter to the Colossians comprises just barely one percent (1%) of the volume of words in the entire New Testament.

Don’t let its size deceive you. When it comes to a clear presentation of Christology (teachings about the person and work of Jesus) this little letter stands tall! Dr. Martin Franzmann, in his book The Word of the Lord Grows writes: “He (God) gave us in Paul’s letter to the Colossians a proclamation of the Lord Jesus Christ in unparalleled fullness and depth. The church that in its Credo intones, ‘God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten not made, being of one substance with the Father,’ is indebted not least to this letter.”

We don’t seem to know why the city was called “Colossae.” Maybe they had erected a huge statue like the “Colossus of Rhodes.” Or, perhaps the city fathers wanted to emphasize the importance of their home town as a center of commerce and culture. One thing we can be sure of: the epistle of Paul to the people of Colossae is a “colossal” monument to Christ Jesus, glorifying and memorializing His Person and His Work!

A Brief History of the City of Colossae The letter is addressed to the Christian congregation at Colossae. When Paul wrote the letter, the city was located in what used to be called Asia Minor. Today, this territory is called Turkey and the site of old Colossae is known as Honaz, according to a 1967 National Geographic map of the area.

Colossae was situated in the beautiful and fertile Lycus River Valley, not far from where the Lycus River joined up with the more well-known Meander River, from which we have our word “meander.” Colossae formed a right triangle with Laodicea and Hierapolis to the north and west. Colossae was actually the oldest of the three cities.

3 Introductio 1 At one time it had also been the most prominent of the from Colossae to listen to Paul’s messages. He became three. Almost five centuries before Paul’s time, ancient a follower of Christ, and after receiving special training writers had used superlatives to describe the magnificence under Paul, he went back to his home town and started of the city. a church there, certainly with Paul’s blessing (1:7-8). He was very likely God’s instrument in bringing the Gospel to The volcanic soil surrounding the city was very fertile — Laodicea and Hierapolis as well. very likely similar to the way it is in Hawaii. It was ideal pasture for sheep. With a good supply of the sheeps’ wool There were many Jewish people in and around the area available, the clothing industry developed and thrived of Colossae. A colony of Jews was established in the providing a good base for the local economy. Another region from as early as the second century B.C. However, plus for the textile industry was the water from the Lycus all evidence points to the fact that the congregation was River. It contained a chalky substance which enhanced the composed chiefly of Gentiles. Evidently, Philemon was a process of dyeing fabric. member of the group.

Its strategic location, on the east-west trade route leading The Occasion for Writing the Letter from Ephesus on the Aegean Sea to the Euphrates River, The letter was written in response to a visit Paul had from was an important factor in bringing Colossae to the position the founding pastor of the congregation. About four or five of being one of the most prominent cities of Asia Minor. years after the church was established, Epaphras made the long trip to Rome to consult with his mentor who was A couple of generations before the time of Paul, the city in prison in Rome. The trip to Rome was about 1,300 began to go downhill. After the Romans took over the miles — mostly by ship. The effort and cost for such a long province of Phrygia and made some changes in the trade trip can certainly give us the idea that Epaphras was a routes, it appears that Colossae was “left to wither on the very devoted pastor. It also reflects, to some extent, how vine,” while Laodicea and Hierapolis to the north began to deeply concerned he was about the problem which he flourish. Today, the ruins of Laodicea and Hierapolis are needed to discuss with the apostle Paul. quite impressive; whereas the ruins of Colossae are barely noticeable. According to historian Eusebius, it was soon It appears from the apostle’s response in the letter to after the letter from Paul that the city of Colossae was the Colossians that Epaphras brought “good news” and destroyed by an earthquake. “bad news.” The young pastor was delighted to share with the apostle the good news of the loyalty and love At the time Paul wrote this letter, Colossae was a rather of his parishioners. He had a lot of good to say about insignificant town, located a little over 100 miles to the his flock. The Gospel was bearing fruit and the church east of Ephesus. Paul may very well have passed through was growing. However, this isn’t what had motivated the Colossae on his third missionary journey, but apparently, long trip to Rome. He could have said all that in a written for one reason or another, did not engage in missionary communication to Paul. The bad news was that all was not activity in the city. In chapter 2:1 he refers to the members well with the church in Colossae. as people whom he had never met face to face. This is one of only two of Paul’s epistles which were addressed The anxious young pastor had come to see Paul because he to congregations he had not founded and most of whose sought his guidance and counsel. Something was going on members he had never met. The other is Romans. among his people that he wasn’t quite sure how to handle. In fact, it may very well have been that he was having difficulty The Christian Congregation at Colossae deciding in his own mind what was wrong with some of the While the Scripture doesn’t give us all the details, it is new teachings his people were “buying into.” He rightly generally assumed that the congregation had its beginning sensed the reality that ultimately these new ideas, which during the time that the apostle spent three years in were infiltrating among many of his parishioners, would Ephesus. Evidently, Epaphras had come to Ephesus undermine the Gospel which he was proclaiming to them.

4 Lwbs Introductio 1 It probably didn’t take the apostle Paul very long to affirm inspired attack upon the Gospel. It denied the completeness the pastor’s suspicions about the insidious nature of the of Christ’s atoning sacrifice as well as the all-sufficiency of religious ideas which were influencing the people back Christ’s power to enable believers to live godly lives. home. He was a master at getting right to the heart of any notion that threatened to diminish or obscure the pure In the letter he composed to combat this combination of Gospel and in the process detract from the greatness of heretical notions, Paul takes a rather interesting approach. Christ and the all-sufficiency of His atonement. He doesn’t debate them one by one. Rather, he uses the very “buzz words” which the false teachers tossed around The “Heresy” in Colossae and shows that Christ is truly all of these things. He waxes Since the apostle Paul doesn’t call the “heresy” by lyrical as he seeks to overwhelm his readers with the name and in his letter doesn’t challenge its validity in an full riches of Christ Jesus and His Gospel. His aim was argumentative style, we are left with the task of trying to to encourage the people to stick with the simple Gospel “put together the pieces” as best we can to get a picture of which their pastor had taught them. They should not let what it was and how it worked. themselves be intimidated by teachers who claimed to offer something superior! The problem seems to have been fundamentally a religion of self-redemption and self-realization. It comes across as The result is our wonderful epistle to the Colossians which an admixture of Greek and Oriental religious ideas, dressed teaches us that Jesus really is all that we need. Period! in the garb of Judea-Christian teachings and symbolism. Authorship, Time, and Place of Writing The new teachings showed a strong interest in Old Bible scholars are pretty well united in the position that the Testament rituals, regulations, and ceremonies. They apostle Paul was the author of this letter, and that it was actually went beyond the laws of Moses in their demand written during the apostle’s first imprisonment in Rome for harsh treatment of the body. They included a where he spent two years as a prisoner under “house superstitious preoccupation with the spirit world and the arrest” (cf. Acts 28:16-31). It was written around A.D. 60, worship of angels. about the same time as the letter to the Ephesians and the letter to Philemon, who was a resident of Colossae. It was The “bottom line sales pitch” for the promoters of carried to Colossae by Paul’s friend, Tychicus. Philemon’s this heresy was that if you bought into it you would slave, Onesimus, accompanied Epaphras on the return trip. have a “higher wisdom,” superior to the simple and unsophisticated Gospel which had been brought to them In the closing verses of the Colossian correspondence, by Paul and Epaphras. They used their “buzz words” like Paul mentions a letter for the Laodicean congregation and “fullness,” “perfection,” and “knowledge” to put down the recommends that the Colossians read that letter, too. This apostle’s teaching and promote their own. letter must have been lost.

What made all this the more insidious was the fact that it Summary Statement was not billed as a substitute for the Gospel, but rather as a Paul’s letter presents perhaps the most complete way of life and belief which would supplement and enhance treatment of Christology found anywhere in the New the Gospel. It was as if they were telling the Colossians Testament. “The depth and power of the thought will that they shouldn’t settle for being just “run-of-the-mill” begin to appear only as we study the epistle itself, verse Christians when it was within their reach to be “the true by verse and almost word by word; for ‘every sentence is elite” people of God. This must have held a strong appeal instinct with life and meaning’ (Lightfoot), and does not for the people of that time. It still does today! yield its treasure to a cursory glance.” Thus writes Francis W. Beare in The Interpreter’s Bible. With typical perceptiveness in spiritual matters, Paul saw it precisely for what it was — ultimately it was a satanically Let’s go to work! There is rich treasure to be found here!

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 5 1 Colossians 1:1-14 Personal Application – Colossians 1:1-14

How fortunate I am, O Lord God, to be part of a group of people who want You to speak to them through Your Word. Through our understanding of the Truth, as it comes across to us in our study and in our discussions, strengthen us in our faith, love, and hope. I pray in Jesus’ Name, Amen.

1. To get the full sweep of the majesty of this epistle to the Colossians, please set aside about 10 minutes or so to read the entire letter at one sitting. As you read, make a note of the number of times the three names of our Savior occur. For the name “Christ” put an “X”; for the name “Lord” put an “O”; and for the name “Jesus” put an “I.” When you have finished your reading, go back and tally the marks you made, and enter the totals here. Christ (X) ___ Lord (0) ___ Jesus (I) ___ Can you think of any reason which may have led the apostle Paul to have such a preference for the name he used most often?

2. Who was apparently the one and only pastor of the congregation at Colossae, according to 1:7?

What was his relationship to Paul?

Describe Paul’s relationship to the Colossians (2:1)

Colossians 1:1-2 3. Following the custom used for a formal letter, how does Paul identify himself by name and add his credentials? Check a few of his other letters.

What did he want to convey to the people by emphasizing that he held this high position “by the will of God”?

Compare Paul’s “Call to Apostleship” with the “Divine Call” of your pastor. List any similarities or differences.

4. Give the favorite term Paul uses when he is referring to believers.

What two blessings does Paul pray for the people at Colossae?

6 Lwbs Colossians 1:1-14 1 Colossians 1:3-8 5. Before the apostle launches into a discussion of the serious matters which are besetting the church at Colossae, what does he take the time to do?

What did he and Timothy do regularly for them?

How can we use this example when we have problems in our personal relationships?

6. In Paul’s complimentary statement about the “saints” at Colossae, what three qualities of life did he mention?

What does Paul say about these in 1 Corinthians 13:13?

What does he call them in 1 Thessalonians 5:8?

How does Paul describe the hope which the Colossians have? (1:5)

What does he imply with this?

7. To what does the apostle point as the source of power for the “faith, love, and hope” which was so evident in their lives? (1:5-6)

Who had brought this to them?

8. Why do you think Paul added the observation that this Word of Truth was growing and bearing fruit in the whole world? (1:6)

Colossians 1:9-14 9. Having acknowledged the wonderful progress which the members of the Colossian congregation had made from the very day that they had grasped the “grace of God in truth,” the apostle lets them know that this same dynamic power would be completely adequate to supply them with divine energy in the future. He implies quite strongly that they should not even think about looking elsewhere! The areas in which he was praying that they would continue to grow (1:9-14) should be high on our agenda as God’s people of the 21st century. List and comment on how we can apply them in our walk with the Lord.

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 7 Lesson 2 Colossians Colossians 1:1-14

Paul’s Salutation – Colossians 1:2 9 Paul’s Thanksgiving – Colossians 1:3-8 9 Paul’s Prayer – Colossians 1:9-14 11 Personal Application – Colossians 1:15-23 12

“…One of the most important truths of the Gospel is that the moment we believe in Christ, and become members of God’s family, we also have a share in ‘the inheritance of the saints in light.’ ”

Theme: The significance of Paul’s Greeting Colossians 1:1-14 Anyone who deals with the public knows the importance of the first moments of contact with people. Preschool and Kindergarten teachers are probably prime examples of some of the people who understand how important this is. Watch them at work on the first day of school as they welcome their students. A bad beginning can be disastrous.

The first line of an article in a magazine or newspaper can make the difference between having a person continue reading or turning to something else. Madison Avenue spends billions of dollars studying just about every aspect of how to promote their products in such a way as to get favorable attention of potential customers.

As you study the opening verses of Paul’s correspondence with the church in Colossae, you will be impressed with the carefulness with which the apostle starts the letters. He picks his words and phrases very carefully. He has something very important to share with them. He doesn’t want anything he writes to “turn them off.” Remember, most of the people who will hear or read the letter he is writing had never met the apostle in person. “Paul” was just a “name” to them albeit a name highly respected in their congregation. You can be sure that Epaphras referred often to his mentor.

Paul’s Credentials Colossians 1:1 Paul begins the letter with a formality that was typical in those days. This establishes the point that this was not just a casual note. It was a

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formal letter. He starts with the familiar. They already know In some newer versions of the Bible, the term “brethren” is him as “The Apostle Paul.” All by itself this would establish translated with the more inclusive term: “Christians.” The his credentials and convey to them a sense of his authority Living Bible paraphrase retains the term “brothers,” but to write this letter to them. inserts the parenthetical: “God’s people.” This is true to the original intention of the term. Women were included in the He tailored the statement of his credentials to the term “brethren.” circumstances at Colossae and to the problems which he would later address directly. One of the aspects of the The apostle’s salutation is loaded with special meaning. heresy he would deal with was the notion that you had to Paul was a master at taking ordinary words and giving look to the messengers from the world of angels and spirits them new meanings. The common greeting among people to bring tidbits of truth to you. While Paul identifies himself of Greek culture back then was the Greek word: “Xaire” as an “apostle” in other letters, it seems to have special which meant “Rejoice!” It would be like the greeting, significance at the beginning of this letter. It’s like he was “Cheers!” It was used like our word “Hello!” Nothing wrong, saying: “You want a messenger from God? You’ve got one!” really, with such an up-beat greeting like “Rejoice!” Paul, Furthermore, Paul elaborates, he was such a messenger of however, preferred another word which had a similar Christ Jesus, because God had chosen him for this ministry. sound. It was the word, “Xarin.” Just a slight difference in It was God’s decision for him to become an apostle, not his! sound, but what a vast difference in meaning! Xarin is the He was an apostle of Christ Jesus, by the will of God! If they Greek word for “grace,” and refers to God’s undeserved knew the story of Paul’s conversion — and they probably did love which is ours in Christ Jesus. Using “Xarin” as a — they would be reminded of how true Paul’s statement was greeting didn’t take anything away from the usual greeting. (Acts 9). Although it was originally against his own will even Actually, it enhanced it by pointing to God’s grace as the to be a follower of Jesus, much less a spokesman for the basis for true rejoicing! cause of Christ, Paul wholeheartedly affirmed God’s call to be an apostle. He considered it a real honor and privilege. As Paul included the modified greeting which the people of Greek culture would recognize, he also included in his Paul includes the name of Timothy in the greeting. Recall salutation the Greek translation of the greeting which had how Paul usually refers to Timothy as his “son” in the been used by the Hebrews for centuries. His greeting was faith. Here he refers to Timothy as “our brother.” This “Grace to you and peace from God…” He used the word picks up on Timothy’s relationship to the Colossians. They “Eirene,” which was the translation used in the Septuagint probably knew him personally, since his home town was for the familiar “Shalom!” It was a term which referred to nearby. Timothy’s identification with the letter could help to the “peace of God which guards and keeps minds and “personalize” it for the folks in Colossae. hearts.” It would be pretty hard to improve on such an all inclusive greeting, wouldn’t it? Paul’s Salutation Colossians 1:2 In summary: Paul takes the conventional greeting format In his opening statement, Paul refers to the congregation as and turns it into a fervent prayer that God the Father will the “saints and faithful brethren in Christ.” He refers to them bestow upon his dear readers the Grace which is the as “holy ones.” Just as Paul was honored to be an apostle, outflow of His own love and power, and the Peace which he wanted them to recognize their true identity. They were the world cannot give, an inner peace which comes from already “saints” — not just “wannabee” holy people of the consciousness of sin forgiven. God. Even this term hints at false teachings which were being infiltrated into the congregation, teachings which Paul’s Thanksgiving stressed all kinds of self-realization exercises which they Colossians 1:3-8 had to perform before they could even begin to think of As the apostle Paul did with the salutation, here in verses themselves in such terms as “holy people.” 3-8, he does a similar thing with another custom. It was

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 9 2 Colossians 1:1-14 customary in the Hellenistic (Greek) culture to begin Here the term “faith in Christ Jesus” implies more than the body of a letter with some kind of affirmation or the acceptance of a set of beliefs about Jesus Christ. It commendation directed to the recipient of the letter. focuses more upon the relationship between the believer and Christ Jesus. Internalizing these beliefs leads to a Paul follows this custom. He wrote that he and Timothy vital and empowering relationship with Christ. always included in their prayers a special “Thank you, God!” for all the people who were part of the Colossian fellowship. The natural expression of such a relationship is the love which characterized the lives of the Colossians. Paul is Note two things: (1) Paul and Timothy had a routine careful to use the Greek word for God-like love: Agape. for prayer, in which they focused upon individual This is a love which responds unconditionally to people congregations, in all parts of the world of that day. in need without any thought of obligation or pay back; the We may not have a personal responsibility for specific way God does. At this point Paul doesn’t go into detail churches that is quite as vast as it was for the apostle about specific acts of love for which they were known. and his colleague. Yet it would seem that their example of regular and fervent prayer commends itself to us as a They had faith. They had love. They had hope (v. 5). pattern to follow with regard to our own church or others This seems to be the “power-house” combination which with which we have some personal acquaintance. generates the energy for true holiness (Romans 5:2-5; 1 Corinthians 13:13; Galatians 5:5-6; 1 Thessalonians 1:3, (2) Paul began his letter by focusing sincerely upon the 5:8; Hebrews 10:22-24). The significant thing about the things for which he could offer thanks to God. Before way the word “hope” is used here is the reference to a he would get into serious matters which needed to be hope which is “laid up for you in heaven.” The Greek word discussed, he took the time and made the effort to look for all for “laid up” is taken from the language of business in that the good he could come up with. Again, this is an important day. It referred to grain stored in a granary, or books stored element of any praying that we might do on behalf of our in a library. It emphasizes that the hope referred to is not own congregation. It is so easy to see only the problems and wishful thinking. It is a sure thing. It is reserved already! All the negative things. These have a way of standing out and they had to do was claim it someday. Somehow that hope being highly visible. It may take a little effort to see the good motivated them to live their lives “in Christ!” and express our thanks to God for them. Only when we do this will we have the right mind-set to proceed with prayers Again, the apostle is setting the stage for later about things that may not be so good. discussions. He wants them to know he thanks God for the reality of their relationship with Christ Jesus which What applies to our prayers on behalf of churches empowers them to live holy lives. Implied is the thought certainly could apply just as well to the concerns which that they don’t need to look to new sources for spiritual arise in all of life’s relationships: Husband/wife; parent/ power. The evidence is clear. They already have a child; employer/employees; pastor/parishioner; neighbor/ truly good thing going! They had this truth before these neighbor, etc., etc. Before you consult with someone about peddlers of theosophy and other false ideas came on a negative personal matter, spend time thinking about the scene. It had come to them in the Word of Truth, the “the positive.” It’s not only good psychology because of Gospel, which had been shared with them by Epaphras the positive effect it could have on the other person, it’s years earlier. the right thing to do because of the effect it could have on your own self. In verse six, Paul introduces another thought, apparently to counter some of the false notions which Epaphras had In verse 4, Paul is very specific about the items for which told him were being promulgated back home. Evidently, he thanked God, when he thought about and prayed about one of the claims which false teachers were making was the Colossian Christians. Even before their pastor came that the religion which Epaphras was teaching was too to Paul, he had heard about their faith in the Lord Jesus. provincial. What they were offering was a more universal

10 Lwbs Colossians 1:1-14 2

God’s power was available for them and would strengthen them so that they would be able to successfully meet all of the challenges of life with endurance, patience, joy, and thanksgiving.

and cosmic approach to the mysteries of God and the holy life. Such a notion would have great appeal to the people of Greek culture. Don’t listen to this, Paul says. The same Word of Truth which came to you and produced such great results, is doing the same thing all over the world!

Furthermore, the apostle tells them, it’s such a dynamic force there was no incubation period — no waiting at all! The power began to show itself from the very “day you heard and understood the grace of God in truth” (Colossians 1:6).

In closing his section on “Thanksgiving,” Paul expresses his gratitude to God for their faithful pastor, Epaphras. He honors him as a “fellow slave” in the Gospel ministry and tells them to think of him as a personal representative of the apostle himself as he ministers to them (v. 8).

Paul’s Prayer Colossians 1:9-14 In verses 9-10, Paul shows sensitivity for feelings of the people who seemed to be taken in by some of the themes of the so-called superior religious ideas. One of these was the claim that the Christians would obtain special insights into the will of God, and that they would also be lifted to a higher level of spirituality. Paul didn’t scold them for being interested in something like this. He validated that desire as commendable on their part. He said that is exactly what he and Timothy had been praying for on their behalf.

In verses 11-14, he reinforces the idea that such a quest for spiritual wisdom and understanding is what the Christian life is really all about! However, they don’t have to turn to non-Christian religious ideas to have it happen in their lives. God’s power was available for them and would strengthen them so that they would be able to successfully meet all of the challenges of life with endurance, patience, joy, and thanksgiving.

Paul closes the prayer with a reminder that one of the most important truths of the Gospel is that the moment we believe in Christ, and become members of God’s family, we also have a share in “the inheritance of the saints in light.” It’s not because of what we do. God “qualifies” us. He accomplished this on our behalf. In fact, He has already “delivered us from the dominion of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of His beloved son” (v. 13). All the rituals and ceremonies and self-abasement exercises being recommended are a waste of time, divert attention away from our real source of power, and rob us of the peace and joy we have in Christ Jesus.

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 11 2 Colossians 1:15-23 Personal Application – Colossians 1:15-23

Holy Spirit, open my heart to receive the truths You would have me learn from Paul’s letter to the Colossians. Please don’t let my inability to fully comprehend them keep me from accepting them in faith. In Jesus’ Name. Amen.

Colossians 1:15-23 1. In the opening verses of this letter Paul expressed concern for his readers to remain loyal in their faith. According to verse 11, to what should they look for strength to persevere?

What mistake do we tend to make in this regard?

How can we get this power?

2. What attitude does Paul say should accompany our patience in times of trials? (v. 11)

What can you do to add this quality of joy to your patient endurance of a personal trial?

How is Jesus a good example in this? (James 1:2-3, Hebrews 12:1-3)

3. In verse 15, Paul strives to show the exalted character of the person of Jesus. The term “image of God” also occurs in Genesis 1:26-27 with reference to the creation of mankind. What does the term “image of God” mean in each verse?

4. According to verse 16, in what great act of God did Jesus play a “lead” role?

How does the evangelist John (John 1:3) express the same truth?

How many times in verses 15-23 does Paul use the word “all” or its equivalent? In light of the problems at Colossae, why do you think Paul was making such a “big deal” about this?

5. Included in Christ’s dominion over “all things,” Paul lists the various ranks of angels and the “spirit beings.” How does Hebrews 1:1-8 agree?

12 Lwbs Colossians 1:15-23 2 6. One false notion that was possibly “floating around” Colossae at that time was an early form of gnosticism which was based on the philosophy of dualism. Dualism taught that the spiritual is good and that the material and physical are evil. Without dealing directly with this heresy, how does Paul’s declaration about “creation” knock down this notion?

How does Genesis 1:31 support what Paul is saying?

What might this say to us regarding our own personal attitude with respect to the “natural world” around us?

7. What other remarkable “creation” did Christ bring about, according to verse 18?

What role does He continue to have with respect to this new creation?

8. Take another look at verses 15-18. God said Moses should tell Pharaoh that he came in the name of Yahweh, which means “I am.” When Jesus spoke about His true “identity,” He often used a similar term. How did He describe Himself in John 8:58?

Jesus used the equivalent of the original Hebrew Yahweh, meaning I am, many times. How does Paul (using the third person) pick up on this concept with reference to Christ (4 times in 1:5-18)?

9. What great truth about Jesus does Paul proclaim in verse 19?

Why is it so important for you to believe that the man Jesus also is True God?

10. How does Paul endeavor to take the idea of reconciliation between God and man out of the realm of theory and speculation? To what historical event does he point in verse 22?

11. After Paul tells the people in Colossae that all is well between them and God, he reminds them there was something they needed to do. What was this (v. 23)?

How does this also apply to us?

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 13 Lesson 3 Colossians Colossians 1:15-23

Who Jesus Really Is – Colossians 1:15-18 15 What Jesus has Done – Colossians 1:19-23 16 Personal Application – Colossians 1:24-2:5 18

“There are things we need to do to guard against being influenced or drawn away from the Gospel. We need to be sure that every thought, idea, and behavior is evaluated on the basis of how it might affect our faith. This is a touchstone which we should be ready to apply in every instance. ”

Theme: “You can trust Jesus completely because of who He is and what He has done for you!” Did you know that it wasn’t until the fourth century of the Christian era that the Christian Church began to celebrate Jesus’ birthday? This wasn’t just an oversight on the part of the Church. Influential church fathers, like Origen, who lived early in the 200’s, actually discouraged any church festival marking Christ’s birth. Celebrating birthdays, he contended, was like honoring earthly leaders, such as Egyptian pharaohs, and “was beneath the dignity of the good Christians.”

We have to admit that there certainly are some aspects of the manner in which people celebrate Christmas in our day which are deplorable. Nevertheless, when we think of all the wonderful music that is associated with Christmas, we can’t help but be glad that somehow the zeal and enthusiasm of the people prevailed over the opinion of these early church fathers.

All over the world at Christmas, familiar carols proclaim some truly great theology! Stanza three of “Silent Night,” the most popular of all carols, declares about this child whose birth is being celebrated that He is “Son of God, love’s pure light!”

Or, look at the profound theology which is the essence of verse 2 of “Hark the Herald Angels Sing.”

14 Colossians 1:15-23 3 “Christ, by highest heav’n adored, Christ, the everlasting Lord… 25:29-34, 27:1-41; Exodus 4:22; Jeremiah 31:9) Veiled in flesh the God-head see! Hail, the incarnate deity! … “Do you know what?” Paul goes on to say in v. 16, “all Jesus, our Emmanuel!” these high ranking intermediaries in the spirit world which some people are saying are so important in your spiritual This is but a sample from the vast storehouse of great life — well, those that really exist were brought into being music which has been generated over the years in by Jesus. And they exist ‘in Him…through Him…and for connection with the celebration of the birth of Jesus. I Him.’ He is the supreme ruler of the whole creation — both don’t know about Origen, but I think the apostle Paul would visible and invisible.” be delighted! The truths about Jesus which they proclaim in joyful song is what the apostle Paul became quite lyrical Not only that, Paul explains, even the continued existence about in verses 15-23 of the first chapter of Colossians. of all created things depends upon Jesus who is in charge of the whole universe — the cosmos: “in Him all things Who Jesus Really Is hold together” (cp. Hebrews 1:3). The implication is that Colossians 1:15-18 if Jesus for one moment withdraws His power, the whole First of all, the apostle declares (v. 15) that Jesus “is the universe will collapse. I have been told that the Greek image of the invisible God.” Keep in mind the problem in word which Paul used for “holds together” is the same Colossae which Paul was addressing. The people were word Greek scientists use to describe atomic energy. being led astray by false notions about the need for special intermediaries from the spiritual realm, as they sought to As Paul attests to this great truth, he gives us something approach God. Paul wants them to know that all of this to think about, too. The Jesus whom we worship isn’t only is so unnecessary! When you go to Jesus, you are going one deity among many. He is truly “King of kings and Lord “right to the top!” He is God! of lords,” not only of the spiritual realm, but also of the physical — the cosmos! This was important for the people Note that Paul says Jesus is the image of the invisible of Colossae to remember, as they worked through the God. This is in contrast to the language God used in basics of their faith. Genesis 1:26 when He said, “Let us make man in our image.” Jesus wasn’t made in God’s image. He is of the In verse 18 Paul carries the idea of Christ’s supremacy very essence of God and has been so through all eternity. and preeminence even further. He was responsible for The Nicene Creed picks up on this truth when it declares bringing into being another creation—the creation of a about Jesus that He “was begotten, not made, being of new humanity: His Church — His body on earth! In His one substance with the Father.” resurrection from the dead Jesus was “the beginning” for this new strain of human beings who would live with God In His humanity, Jesus is a “walking reflection” of God. The eternally. He was the “firstborn from the dead.” (Although only way we can even begin to see and understand what others like Lazarus and the youth of Nain were raised from God is like is through God’s incarnate Son, Jesus Christ. the dead, theirs was a different kind of resurrection. They He shows us in “human terms” the reality of the invisible lived a few more years and then went to the grave again. God (cp. John 1:18; 2 Corinthians 4:4; Hebrews 1:3). Not so Jesus). See Romans 1:4.

Along the same line Paul adds that Jesus is the “firstborn As with the first creation, Paul says, the same Jesus who of all creation.” The term “firstborn” was likely chosen brought His Church into being continues to sustain it as the by Paul to emphasize for the Colossians the supremacy “Head” of His body of believers. After His ascension into of Christ in all things. Being the firstborn brought with it heaven, He didn’t go into retirement. He continues to be certain privileges and rights. Recall the ideas surrounding involved in its growth and development. It is from the head the mention of “birthright” in biblical times. (See Genesis that the human body receives its power for growth. There

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 15 3 Colossians 1:15-23 is a tiny gland at the base of the human brain called the but “all things!” In Romans 8, Paul refers to all of creation pituitary gland, which regulates growth. Continued well- “groaning in travail” and waiting “with eager longing for the being of the human body depends upon the human brain. revealing of the sons of God” (v. 19-22).

The June 1995 issue of the National Geographic features Epaphras must have reported to Paul that the opponents an article on the human brain. Research on Alzheimer’s of the true Gospel in Colossae talked a lot about people disease indicates that as the disease progresses, neurons “living in harmony” with God and making every effort to die relentlessly and mental capacity deteriorates. “Death remove any barriers in their lives which would tend to comes when the brain can no longer direct the body.” separate them from such a relationship with God. They So it is with the body of Christ. There is no true life for pushed the idea that the people could use various rituals the Church without Jesus as its living Head! Christ is and schemes to accomplish this. This gave Paul a good preeminent in the creation and preservation of this new opening to remind them of the wonderful truth that the creation — His body of believers — His Church on earth. basis of their reconciliation with God was an accomplished fact already! (v. 20) In closing this section, note how Paul used the verb “He is.” Very likely he wanted to pick up on the very name for It was through Jesus as God and Man that this was God: Yahweh (I am). Jesus associated Himself with that accomplished. Specifically, through His sacrificial death Name with His many “I am” statements (See John 8:58). and the shedding of His blood on Calvary: “making peace by the blood of his cross.” Had Jesus been merely a What Jesus has Done human being — even though a perfect human being, His Colossians 1:19-23 death would have been only enough to save Himself. In As was indicated in the introductory lesson, Paul’s strategy order for His death to have cosmic significance, He had to was to not attack heresies head on, but to take some of be God as well. the false ideas and fill them with new meaning. Verse 19 is a good example of just how he did this. Paul here uses In saying what He does here, Paul may also have been the Greek word for fullness: pleroma. This was a “buzz” subtly hinting at another aspect of how they were being word in the jargon of the Gnostic system. It was a pseudo- misled. In complete contrast to the exercise in futility philosophical term which referred to the whole body of into which the Colossians were being drawn, with their divine emanations. The teachers who were apparently intellectual speculation and philosophizing, Paul hereby having some influence among the Colossians may have refers to things that actually happened in human history by imagined the various attributes of God as having been which God accomplished this reconciliation. We can point distributed among the “elemental spirits of the universe.” to a time and place — Calvary’s cross on Good Friday Paul uses the term to describe how it is with Jesus. For says it all! Paul, “fullness” meant the totality of God with all of His powers and he goes on to say that God has no attributes In an inspired manner, the apostle Paul proceeds to take or qualities which Jesus doesn’t possess. In chapter 2:9, this great truth out of the realm of speculation and just he repeats that thought by writing about Jesus “in Him the “talk.” Now that He has very carefully and clearly nailed whole fullness (pleroma) of deity dwells bodily.” down the fundamental truths of salvation, he turns to make this very personal for each person at Colossae who hears All of this was done for a very important purpose, Paul or reads the letter. In verse 21, Paul gently reminds them points out in verse 20. It wasn’t just a “dress parade” to that this story of salvation didn’t just happen “out there honor Jesus. This is what it was going to take for God to somewhere.” They themselves had experienced its power! accomplish the redemption of the world. Through Jesus, who If they would just think back to their lives a few years was God in human flesh, the work of reconciling the whole earlier, they would recall that there was a time when they world to Himself would be accomplished. Paul emphasizes were “estranged and hostile in their minds.” Not only were that it wouldn’t only be human beings who benefit from this, they not living in harmony with God; then they actually had

16 Lwbs Colossians 1:15-23 3

a hostile attitude toward Him. That bad attitude showed up in their personal behavior, and they were “doing evil things.” They probably remembered, all right!

That was the bad news! The good news was that they had listened to the Gospel and responded in faith. What Paul was speaking about in a general way had happened to them personally and individually. They had been “reconciled” through the sacrificial death of the Son of God. They had experienced the “atonement” with God.

The personal implications of this were pretty exciting, according to Paul. In case they had forgotten, it meant that they already had full salvation through their acceptance of the Gospel by faith in Christ as Savior and Lord. He would “present you holy and blameless…before Him” (v. 22). Again, Paul was trying to get them to see that they shouldn’t listen to those who were teaching that somehow there was more to be done by them, if they hoped to be right with God.

As a caring minister of the Gospel, Paul found it necessary to remind them of their responsibility in this matter of their relationship with God. He had to put up a big “Caution” sign. He said all of this could and would happen for them, if they would “continue in the faith, stable and steadfast, not shifting from the hope of the Gospel which you heard.” For them and for us, the apostle makes it clear that it is the Gospel itself which is a Means of Grace to bring us and keep us in faith.

The terms “stable and steadfast” appear to be terms taken from the construction trade. The Greek word for “stable” is the same word from which their word “foundation” comes. The word translated “steadfast” might better be translated “firmly secured.” Current building codes for buildings in tornado and earthquake prone areas illustrate this concept. Not only is it essential to have foundations that are poured on solid ground, but the various components of the superstructure must be secured to the foundations and the roofs with heavy metal straps to keep them from shifting from the base. There are things we need to do to guard against being influenced or drawn away from the Gospel. We need to be sure that every thought, idea, and behavior is evaluated on the basis of how it might affect our faith. This is a touchstone which we should be ready to apply in every instance.

Paul closes this portion of his “encouraging word” for the Colossian Christians by reminding them that they really don’t need to look for any new ideas, nor should they be careless about opening their ears to notions which do not square with the Gospel. They can be assured that throughout the world of that day — it’s the same old Gospel which is being proclaimed. And for what it might mean to them, Paul makes the point that it is to this Gospel, in all its simplicity, that He is proud to devote his life.

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 17 3 Colossians 1:24-2:5 Personal Application – Colossians 1:24-2:5

Please, Lord, use this Bible Study to help me to grow in my understanding and appreciation of the wonderful treasure which is mine in the Gospel. Help me to embrace the concept that Christ not only offers me deliverance from the punishment I deserve, but also promises to dwell within me. With His Spirit help me to become more like Him. Amen

Colossians 1:24-29 1. Paul begins this section with the discussion about the many hardships he has had to endure in his quest to bring the Gospel to the people of his day. Look up a few of the passages in which he talked about this and write a brief summary: Acts 9:29, 13:50, 16:22-23; 2 Corinthians 11:23-27.

2. According to verse 24, how did the apostle feel about this?

Who else in the New Testament expressed a similar sentiment? (Acts 5:41)

3. What kept Paul going in spite of the pain, according to verse 24? (Also see 2 Corinthians 1:6)

4. What do you think Paul means by his explanation of why he sincerely “rejoiced” in his sufferings, verse 24b? (John 15:20; 2 Corinthians 1:5; Philippians 3:8-10)

5. How does Paul refer to Christ’s work of redemption in Romans 6:10 & 23 and Colossians 1:13-14 & 20-22?

6. In verse 25 Paul refers again to the divine commission which he received. What, specifically, had God commissioned him to do for the Colossians and how did he “personalize” it?

7. How does Paul describe the exciting “Word” that he had for the Colossians? (v. 26)

According to verse 27, what was the mystery or secret which God “had made manifest” to His saints – the N.T. Church? (Ephesians 3:1-6)

Why is this an important consideration for all of us?

18 Lwbs Colossians 1:24-2:5 3 In what way is the Gospel still a “mystery” – (a) For the unspiritual person (natural man)? 1 Corinthians 2:14

(b) For the believer? (Ephesians 3:19; 1 Timothy 3:16)

As Paul holds up this jewel of truth he recalls another striking facet which really sparkles with beauty. He writes: “… the riches of the glory of this mystery, which is ______.” According to this, in what way does Jesus once again become “incarnate?”

What does this mean to you personally?

8. In what special way is the “indwelling” of Christ the real “glory” of the Gospel? Look at verse 28. What was Paul’s goal for them?

What is the “glory” that we can aspire to while we live, if we have “Christ in us?”

9. When Paul speaks about “striving” for the recipients of this correspondence (2:1), whom he had never met, what do you think he could have meant? What form did his striving take? (Also refer to 1:9ff)

10. How does Paul express his desire for keeping these Colossians individually strong of heart? (2:2-3)

What was the “tie that binds” them together?

What important little word (v. 3) makes it clear that we should look to no one other than Christ for spiritual truth?

What role does your connection with fellow believers play in your life?

11. From what Paul advises the Colossians, what risks do we take if we give a hearing to people who come to our homes telling us that they have some truths which will be of value to us in our quest to be people of God? (2:4)

Share any experiences you may have had.

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 19 Lesson 4 Colossians Colossians 1:24-2:5

Colossians 1:25 21 Colossians 1:26 21 Colossians 1:27-29 22 Paul’s great concern for the Colossians – Colossians 2:1-5 22 Personal Application – Colossians 2:6-23 24

“With Christ in us we have great potential — ‘the hope of glory.’ ”

Theme: “Paul’s dedication to his ministry shows that he trusted fully in Christ!” If you watched television in 1995, you are very likely quite familiar with the clever graphic “commercial” which featured the “Energizer Bunny,” who just “keeps on going and going,” in spite of the many obstacles thrown into its path.

In this section of Colossians, the apostle Paul talks about the trials and tribulations which he has had to endure in his effort to carry the Gospel to as many people as possible, especially to the Gentiles. Like the “Energizer Bunny,” Paul “keeps on going and going,” no matter what difficulties and hardships he encounters. The source of this powerful “drive” was Paul’s conviction that “Jesus really and truly is all that a person needs!”

Paul’s Ministry Shows His Trust Colossians 1:24-29 In verse 24 Paul shares with us his rather unique way of dealing with the very real and painful sufferings which came his way as he endeavored to bring the Gospel to “all the world.” It may startle us to hear Paul declare that he actually “rejoices” in his sufferings, our immediate reaction might be to question the man’s emotional stability. What “normal” person could find pleasure in pain?

“Being of sound mind,” the apostle certainly must have sensed how his enigmatic statement might come across to his readers. So he sets forth what he considers a rational explanation. The reason he could actually

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take pleasure in his suffering, Paul says, is this: “…in my win a contest. They don’t exalt in the pain, but in enduring flesh I complete what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions for and working through the pain to achieve their goal. Then the sake of His body, that is, the Church.” the remembrance of pain even “sweetens” the victory.

Is Paul implying that the sufferings of Jesus on Calvary Colossians 1:25 were not sufficient? At first blush this seems to be what he Once again, the apostle refers to himself in his role as a is saying. But, could that be the case? representative of Christ on earth. The Greek word which he uses here for minister is diakonos, from which we get All we need to do is look at the verses in this chapter which our word “deacon.” This word strongly suggests the idea lead up to verse 24. It is obvious that the very thing which of a person who had been authorized to act on behalf of Paul wanted to make perfectly clear to them was just the another. Paul elaborates on this and explains that he was opposite! In Jesus, God had taken care of everything. The appointed by God Himself to be a steward of an important reconciliation between God and man was a “done deal!” “commodity.” God had put him in charge of the project to (cp. 1:12-14; 1:20-22. See also Romans 6:10). Significant, bring the Gospel to the Gentile world. also, is the fact that the Greek word he uses here for “afflictions” (thlipseoo) is nowhere in the New Testament Paul had, already in verse one, identified himself as “an used to describe the sacrificial sufferings of our Lord. apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God.” Why does he find it necessary to give his credentials again at this point? A.T. Robertson explains that the Greek word which Paul Good question! Some scholars believe that he did so uses for “complete what is lacking” is a rare term which because he sensed that these people (who had never met literally means to “fill up in turn.” He says it is a term from him in person) might be wondering what business he had the world of athletics, which would be equivalent to the getting involved in the internal affairs of this congregation. expression: “take a turn at bat.” Paul was saying that To allay such a response, he tells them that God had Christ had His turn. Now, to give it a modern twist, it was given him this responsibility and authority. God had been Paul’s turn to step up to the plate. It was his turn to “take very specific. The scope of Paul’s “stewardship” included some heat” which the forces of evil would toss his way as bringing the word to them. “The divine office…was given to he worked to bring the message of Christ’s fully completed me for you!” word of redemption to all people. Paul may also have done this to reinforce the ministry of There must have been a special poignancy in Paul’s heart Epaphras when he returned to Colossae. Paul wanted as he wrote those words. He never forgot that momentous them to know that the theology their pastor was teaching day on the Damascus Road (Acts 9:4) when the Risen was not something he was inventing. Their pastor was Lord addressed him with that soul-searching question: teaching what he had learned from God’s own emissary. “Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?” Paul had been Could they say the same of the false teachers in their ruthless in bringing anguish and distress to the early community? This point should also give us a sense Christian Church and its members. Yet, Jesus implies that of confidence and reassurance, as it directs us to the in a mystical way He was sharing in the pain inflicted upon Holy Scriptures and the writings of all the apostles as His spiritual body — His Church on earth. In this sense, the source of our personal beliefs. We should evaluate Christ’s suffering isn’t over and never will be until the all religious notions and popular religious fads to see Church Militant becomes the Church Triumphant. how they square with the God-inspired teachings of the apostles. Then we won’t be led astray. Paul sensed this partnership in suffering with Christ. He was honored and pleased to be a part of it (see Philippians Colossians 1:26 3:10). His joy in suffering was a healthy joy. It’s the kind of To explain what he meant by “to make the word of God joy that athletes feel as they put everything into the effort to fully known,” Paul chose to use the word “mystery.” This

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 21 4 Colossians 1:24-2:5

With Christ in us we have the hope of one day having that image restored in us to perfection. We will then be exactly what God had in mind when He came up with the idea of creating human beings.

was a popular term among the peddlers of false notions. for you.” The Lord of heaven has made it known to “His Their big “sales pitch” was that they had some secret saints” (v. 26). “To them God chose to make known how information which would be available only to an elite group great among the Gentiles are the riches of the glory of of people. The idea of being in on some secrets still has this mystery” (v. 27). In plain language, it meant that the a powerful appeal, doesn’t it? Children love to form clubs non-Jewish world, including the men, women, and children with secret passwords. That inclination doesn’t seem to go of Colossae and neighboring Laodicea, were included in away with the passing years. God’s glorious plan of salvation.

Paul took that term which the heretics were tossing That was something! Paul really gets excited as he further around and gave it new meaning. He applied the term unfolds the mystery. He declares that the real glory of “mystery” to the concept of the universality of the the mystery is “Christ in you!” (v. 27). The Gospel not Gospel. The Gospel was a “hidden mystery” in the Old only offers deliverance from death and hell, but this truth Testament as far as non-Jews were concerned. Only the accepted by faith opens the door to the great possibility Jews had the knowledge of God’s great plan of salvation of what God would like to see happen for His creation on which would be accomplished through the Messiah. earth. With Christ in us we have great potential — “the Even then, much of it was only in prophecy and in type, hope of glory.” foreshadowing the things to come. Even the believers in the Old Testament who knew the plan, didn’t have it in The real glory of human beings which God had in mind its completeness. As we know from the very disciples of at creation was to have creatures who were made in His Jesus, many of them had twisted ideas of what it really own image, right? With Christ in us, we have the hope of was! So Paul correctly says that it was a “mystery hidden one day having that image restored in us to perfection. We for ages and generations.” will then be exactly what God had in mind when He came up with the idea of creating human beings. That hope of It truly was quite appropriate for Paul to describe the glory will also open up for us some great possibilities even Gospel as a “mystery.” He didn’t mean secrets or rituals before we get to heaven. With Christ in us, we can even which were known only to an exclusive group. The word now begin to have that image restored and become more “mystery,” as Paul used it, refers to a truth which can be and more the way God intended the “crown jewel” of His known only when God reveals it. creation to be. The hope of being able “to present every man mature in Christ” (v. 28) is what drove Paul to put all Colossians 1:27-29 of his God-given energy into this ministry. If any of the people in Colossae still were feeling a “bit left out” because they weren’t considered a part of the so- Paul’s great concern for the Colossians called “spiritually elite” in their community who had been Colossians 2:1-5 initiated into the mysteries, Paul says “Forget it! You have Everything which Paul had written in the previous verses not been left out! God has something tremendous in mind about the hardships he had endured in his ministry,

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in general, certainly included the Colossians. Now he teachings to appear to fit right in with the tenets of the makes this personal for them, for the members of the Christian faith. He wanted them to be on their guard congregation in nearby Laodicea, and “for all who have not against even listening to false teachers who could “delude seen my face.” you with beguiling speech.” Remember how Eve told God that Satan had “beguiled” her? (Genesis 3:13) We would He wanted them to know the depth of his pastoral concern say he “smooth talked her into it.” for them. Paul must have been a sports fan! Once again he takes a word which comes from the world of athletics In closing this passage, Paul wants them to know how to describe the intensity of his struggle on their behalf. personal he considers the well-being of these people The Greek word is “agoona,” from which we get our word whom he has never met personally. Consider this, he “agony” or “agonize.” Webster says that originally it meant writes… “even though there are miles between us, I’m right “to contend in the arena.” there with you in spirit. Think of me as being present with you.” That’s how he thought of himself. He was right there That’s how Paul wanted them to think of what he was with them. doing on their behalf. The struggle in which Paul was engaged apparently was in praying for them. Some of What he observed through his mind’s eye was a the prayers must have had to do with the words and congregation of people who were “in good order.” This was expressions he would use in this crucial letter. He prayed a military term which described a company of soldiers in with fervency that “their hearts would be encouraged” (v. orderly array. One church father says that when Paul uses 2). He wanted them to remain spiritually strong in the face this term it’s “as if Paul is addressing soldiers who are of insidious teachings to which they were being exposed. posted firmly and in good order — no wile, no temptation shakes their ranks.” Apparently, the false teachers hadn’t Paul referred to an important factor which could contribute made in-roads into the ranks of the congregation — at mightily to their spiritual well-being: “as they are knit least, not up to that point. They were a compact group, together in love.” The powerful bond of love in the Individually and collectively, they were firm in their faith. fellowship of believers would play an important role in keeping them strong and loyal. When you consider Paul’s style in this letter, it seems quite apparent that at least one aspect of his struggle in prayer Something else he prayed for on their behalf was that they had been answered. His loving words of validation would would “have all the riches of assured understanding and be powerful encouragement for these people. Under the the knowledge of God’s mystery, of Christ, in whom are hid Holy Spirit’s guidance and inspiration, Paul accented the all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.” He prayed that positive whenever he could, knowing in his heart that such their loyalty would be undergirded by a clear understanding affirmation was so vital to getting them to heed his words. of all that God was giving to them in Christ Jesus. Then How much we can learn from this “man of God!” Paul’s their faith would be strong and they wouldn’t be tempted pastoral efforts show how sure he was of the truth of the to entertain, even for a moment, the idea of accepting the Gospel of God, and how dearly he wanted others to be false notions being circulated in their community. sure of their faith in Christ.

Paul knew from his own experience how insidious such ideas could be. He had heard from their pastor how clever these false teachers were in disguising their false

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 23 4 Colossians 2:6-23 Personal Application – Colossians 2:6-23 Father in Heaven, in Jesus you have given me all I need for a fulfilling life here on earth and for an endless and glorious experience in Heaven. Help me to truly appreciate what this means to me, so that my life will overflow with thanksgiving. Amen.

Colossians 2:6-15 1. Although Christ is all that we need, what instruction does the apostle Paul give in verses 6 & 7?

Complete this sentence: Because I believe that God has given me salvation full and free, I am going to

How does the “spirit of thanksgiving” play into all of this?

What, specifically, can you do on a regular basis to generate and promote this feeling in your life?

2. What else does Paul tell the Colossians to do?

Do you think that this is an important admonition for God’s people in our day? Why?

3. False teachers told the Colossians they still needed to observe certain Old Testament ceremonies. Which one does Paul discuss in verse 11?

With whom did God establish this rite? (Genesis 17:9-14; Acts 7:8)

What was the significance of circumcision for the Israelites? Paul tells the Colossians they didn’t need this Old Testament circumcision. Why not?

4. Of what New Testament sacrament does the rite of circumcision remind Paul and how are they similar (v. 11 & 12)?

Which two events in Christ’s life do we share with Him through our Baptism?

5. Paul (v .13) uses the concept of death to illustrate the spiritual state of the Colossians before they came to faith. Why is death an apt metaphor for this?

24 Lwbs Colossians 2:6-23 4 6. The last phrase in verse 13 makes it clear that God is able to make us spiritually alive “having forgiven us all our trespasses.” How does Paul picture (v. 14) the way in which forgiveness has been won for us?

7. When Jesus died on the cross He paid the price for humanity’s debt of sin. How does verse 15 make the point that the spiritual enemies of God and man were now stripped of all power?

Which statement in the Apostles’ Creed refers to this?

What practical value would this truth have had for the people of Colossae?

For you?

Colossians 2:16-23 8. What other things did the false teachers insist that the Colossians needed to include in their religious routines? (v. 16-17)

Paul (v. 17) implies that these things once served a good purpose. What was that?

Why do they no longer have any value, according to Paul? What harm would there have been in just going along with the false teachers?

Does this say anything to us regarding the “holy days” and “festivals,” which we observe?

9. What else did the false teachers try to get the Colossian Christians to do, according to verse 18?

Where did these ideas come from, according to Paul?

Describe from verse 19 the “bottom line” for rejecting these false ideas, and tell who alone can provide power for true growth.

10. Not only are these notions incapable of contributing to true health and vigor, in verse 23 what does Paul say they actually do?

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 25 Lesson 5 Colossians Colossians 2:6-23

Colossians 2:9-10 27 Colossians 2:11-13 27 Colossians 2:14-15 28 Reject false human notions – Colossians 2:16-23 28 Colossians 2:16-23 28 Colossians 2:20-23 29 Personal Application – Colossians 3:1-11 30

“Remember, Jesus really is all you need! ”

Theme: “Jesus alone gives full salvation!” In this section we will observe the apostle Paul as he puts his persuasive skills into high gear, pointing out error, and then leading the Colossians to firmly embrace the truth that “Jesus alone gives salvation!”

Make Jesus the center of your life! Colossians 2:6-15 “As, therefore, you received Christ Jesus the Lord,” is a magnificent summary of what Paul had been elaborating upon. The Greek word for “received” is a semi-technical term for “receiving a tradition.” He declared that what had been “passed on” to them when they came to faith was not just some teaching about Christ, but Jesus Christ Himself! It reminds us, too, that our faith brings us into a personal relationship with God through Christ.

Paul calls them to recognize this fantastic concept of Christ “living in them” and encourages them to reciprocate and “live in Him.” Paul uses the metaphor of a tree. A strong and healthy tree sends its roots deep into the soil to draw from it water, nutrients, and minerals which are vital to its life-process. The roots don’t only go deep, they also grow laterally to provide stability to the tree as it grows in height. With a root system functioning effectively, the tree becomes “well-established.” A healthy tree will not only be beautiful, it will be highly resistant to disease and other destructive forces to which it may become exposed. This metaphor highlights the importance for all believers to actively cultivate this personal relationship with their Savior and Lord who lives in them.

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Before he leaves this subject, Paul singles out the indicates emphasis, meaning that in Him (Jesus) not in importance of a spirit of gratitude. We need to cultivate the them (the false teachers) God dwells. The term “in him” habit of giving thought to the blessings which God gives occurs six times in verses 6-15. us in and through Christ. If we do, we can’t help but be “abounding in thanksgiving.” Paul seems to suggest that Paul now adds to what he had written in Chapter 1:19 the spirit of thankfulness will also make believers less about “fullness” (Pleroma). He introduces the absolutely susceptible to the “germs” of false teachings. astounding concept that Christ Jesus shares His fullness with those who are united with Him through their faith. “If In verse 8, Paul cautions the Colossians to really be “on you want fulfillment,” he implies, “it doesn’t get any better their guard” at all times. “See to it that no one makes a than this!” Christ, who is the true head of all rule and prey of you,” refers to someone being carried off into a authority in the universe, is ready to live in you and share life of slavery by a conquering army. In this case it is a His “fullness” with you. This is a mind boggling concept. warning to be on their guard against being taken captive to some weird religious ideas which are being circulated Colossians 2:11-13 in their community. In verse 11 the apostle tackles the question of whether or not the Old Testament rite of circumcision was still The word which Paul uses for “philosophy,” refers to a required ritual for the believers in New Testament the so-called “theosophy” of certain Jewish religious times, as some were insisting. We know that in the Old “gurus” in their community. It was basically just a lot of Testament period God required it first of Abraham and speculation about the various ranks of angels and other then of all of Abraham’s descendants. Many Bible scholars mystical nonsense. believe that God decided to have this rite involve the male sex organ in order to make the point that human beings Added to the religious concoction which was being are by nature sinful. This condition is “in the genes.” For “pushed” on them, there were also some other ideas which those who picked up on this symbolism, cutting off of the had come from the Greeks. Paul characterized these as foreskin symbolized the need for God to do something being “according to human tradition, according to the about their natural state. elemental spirits of the universe.” The Greek word for the latter is “stoixeia.” It was a popular word among the false Paul makes it quite clear that those who insisted that teachers. Their speculation began with the elementary physical circumcision was still required were absolutely substances from which the universe is formed: earth, air, wrong. In a higher sense the Colossians had already fire, and water. Included in the term “human tradition” was experienced a circumcision. “…In Him also you were the whole body of information regarding the influence of circumcised with a circumcision made without hands, by the stars and astral deities upon the lives of people. This putting off the body of flesh in the circumcision of Christ.” sounds pretty modern, doesn’t it? Think of how many Paul expands the idea of flesh being removed surgically people in our so-called age of enlightenment have been in the Old Testament ceremony. The circumcision which taken captive and live their lives as slaves to “astrological Christ had performed on their behalf was far superior determinism.” Paul has two word for these ideas: “empty because it wasn’t just a tiny piece of skin that was deceit!” They are completely bogus! Worthless garbage! removed. In Christ, their entire flesh — their unregenerate human nature — was removed. Colossians 2:9-10 After his warnings in verse 8, Paul bounces back quickly In verse 12, Paul looks at all of this from a different and forcefully to declare that, the contrast to these ideas perspective. Their new life involves a death, burial, and of human origin, in Christ they have all they really need resurrection. The death and burial takes place for the “For in Him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily” (v. 9). believer in the Sacrament of Holy Baptism — Paul writes The position of “in Him” at the beginning of the statement echoing his words in Romans 6:3-4. It is in Baptism that

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 27 5 Colossians 2:6-23

we get rid of the whole body of “flesh” (the old Adam) in Reject false human notions us. In the Old Testament, circumcision made a person Colossians 2:16-23 a member of God’s covenant people. In Baptism God Having dealt with the doctrinal basis of the hodgepodge of confers upon the baptized person membership in His false and worthless religious ideas floating around in the heavenly family. religious community, Paul now turns to evaluate some of their practices. Speaking about “death and burial,” Paul reminds the Colossians in verse 13, “You who were dead in trespasses Colossians 2:16-23 and the uncircumcision of your flesh, God made alive For one thing, these false teachers promoted regulations together with Him.” The death from which God had raised concerning abstinence from certain foods and beverages. them through Christ was spiritual death. The concept of These false teachers may very well have appealed to the death implies the total helpless state of unregenerate Old Testament to give credence to their notions about the human beings. Our coming to spiritual life is not a matter spiritual value of abstinence from certain foods. However, of cooperating with God. It is completely the work of our these prohibitions were based upon the principle of good and gracious God. He does this because of the asceticism. No such principle entered into the Jewish food forgiveness which Christ Jesus won for all. laws. The idea of introducing the practice of self-denial really stemmed from the imported Eastern philosophy of Colossians 2:14-15 dualism, which taught that the body is evil and needs to be Paul never misses an opportunity to reemphasize the subdued at all costs, so that the spirit could improve. basis for the forgiveness we receive. It’s important to understand that God does not just overlook or excuse The people who taught this also gave the same spin to the us for our sins. He forgives because He paid the price to observance of special days: “…a festival or new moon or a ransom us — He sacrificed Himself. The Greek word for Sabbath.” They used the Old Testament Ceremonial Laws “bond” referred specifically to a legal document signed to lend support to their notions. Paul explains that the O.T. in person by an individual. Our term “IOU” comes close ceremonies and rituals had been an important part of the to the idea. Paul says that Jesus took that IOU and religious life of the Jewish people prior to the coming of figuratively nailed it to the Cross on Calvary. Paul probably Christ. By participating in them, they were being taught had in mind the Roman practice of writing down on a sheet about many aspects of the great plan of salvation. Paul of paper the “rap sheet” for a man sentenced to death by says that these observances had fulfilled their purpose. crucifixion and nailing it on the cross above the head of the crucified man. Paul referred to this system of ceremonies as “shadows of things to come.” Play this out and you will be able To further reassure the Colossians that their salvation to understand the point he is making. Suppose you are was fully accomplished, Paul in verse 15 uses the picture waiting on a city street corner to meet a friend. The friend of a military parade to illustrate the truth. When a Roman is coming from a direction where the sun would be at his general had conquered his enemy, it was customary for him back. Your attention is drawn to a shadow which appears to arrange a victory parade into the city of Rome. Behind on the sidewalk. It signals the approach of your friend. him was the motley crew of enemy soldiers, stripped of When your friend comes into view, you don’t keep looking their weapons and armor, looking pretty desolate and at the shadow do you? Rather, you pay attention to the powerless. Paul says that Jesus did something similar. This flesh and blood person. The shadow, obviously, is no may very well refer to Christ’s descent into hell, a triumphal longer important. demonstration to prove in a dramatic way that all of the spiritual forces opposed to God had been conquered. If we In verse 18, Paul seems to address the leader of the cult. have Christ, these forces are completely powerless! This man insists upon “self abasement and the worship of angels.” Instead of “self-abasement” several translations

28 Lwbs Colossians 2:6-23 5

These false teachings need to be discarded because they can’t promote true spiritual growth. Spiritual growth is God-given.

read “false humility.” Either term conveys the idea of personal denigration, putting one’s self down. This ties in with the worship of angels. The cult leader told people that they will “make points” with God if they will pretend that they aren’t good enough to participate in worshipping Him directly. They will worship Him indirectly by worshipping angels who will act as intermediaries.

Paul declares that this is hogwash! “Don’t let anyone disqualify you!” Once again he uses an expression from the world of athletics. A certified judge can call a “foul” in the performance of an athlete and that person is eliminated from competition for the prize. Paul tells the Colossians not to allow themselves to feel they have no chance at the prize of spiritual blessedness just because this teacher is yelling “foul” at them since they don’t go along with the call to false humility and angel worship.

Paul tells them this teacher doesn’t have the credentials to make such calls. The basis for such judgments is purely subjective. He “takes his stand on visions, puffed up without reason by his sensuous mind.” Such a person had to be pretty “puffed up with conceit” to presume to take the place of God and make up rules for others. What he says doesn’t count!

Paul’s exposé of this scoundrel reaches a climax in verse 19. Anyone who comes up with such a weird idea, says Paul, has obviously lost touch with Christ: “not holding fast to the Head.” What they come up with simply doesn’t square with the Gospel. These false teachings need to be discarded because they can’t promote true spiritual growth. Spiritual growth is God-given.

Colossians 2:20-23 These verses are a “wrap-up” for this section. Paul reminds the Colossians (and us) that they should be very discriminating in what they allow to be part of their religious “fitness program.” Their diet and exercise should be only what God approves. In Christ, they have been liberated from the “elemental spirits of the universe.” They should not let these human commands bind their consciences.

The last verse in this section (v. 23) seems to be a one sentence summary of the Colossian heresy. He grants that it’s pretty impressive. “They have the appearance of wisdom,” he writes. However, in the final analysis, not only do they not really help, they actually do harm to true spiritual growth. People who follow these notions, Paul contends, become filled with pride in what they think they are contributing to their salvation and so move further and further away from God. Remember, Jesus really is all you need!

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 29 5 Colossians 3:1-11 Personal Application – Colossians 3:1-11 Lord Jesus, please help me to always keep my focus heavenward where You are. Help me also to pay close attention to what is going on in my life here on earth, so that all of my thoughts, words, and deeds are in accord with Your will. Amen.

Colossians 3:1-4 1. In this section Paul gets very “down to earth” about the characteristics of the Christian life. To which event in their spiritual life does he point when he says (v. 1) that they “have been raised with Christ?” (2:13-14)

Where does the power come from that enables you to rise from spiritual death to newness of life?

How do you make that power your very own?

2. Paul (v. 1) tells the Colossians (and us) to “seek the things that are above” and to “set your minds on things that are above” (v.2). What do you think he meant?

In the early days of space exploration a Russian cosmonaut returned from outer space and made the comment that he “hadn’t seen God up there!” What would you say in response to such a statement?

What is the significance of Paul’s description of Jesus as “seated at the right hand of God”?

Which future event (v. 4) does Paul refer to as further incentive for “setting our minds on things above”?

How do these verses help you?

Colossians 3:5-11 3. Paul (v. 2) exhorted believers to look to “things above” not to the “things on earth.” List the earthly things Paul mentions in verse 5

and in verse 8

4. The first four sins which Paul lists in verse 5 seem to deal with matters of sex. In verse 7 he makes the point that these were all part of the life style prevalent in their society at that time. Give examples from life styles of today for each of them. Immorality

Impurity

30 Lwbs Colossians 3:1-11 5 Passion

Evil desire

5. In verse 5, Paul singles out the sin of covetousness (or greed) for special consideration. What does he call it? (Ephesians 5:5) Do you think this term aptly describes the sin of greed? Explain.

6. In verse 8, the first three vices which Paul mentions are clearly feelings of hostility. There also seems to be a progression from bad to worse. Show how anger can develop into wrath and how wrath can escalate into malice. Use examples from your own experience, from newspapers, or motion pictures.

What is the connection between the above and the “slander and foul talk” which complete the list of vices?

7. Paul tells the Colossians (and us) in no uncertain terms what to do about these “earthly” inclinations which might show up in our lives. What is his directive in verse 5?

And verse 8?

8. What future event does Paul refer to in this connection in verse 6?

Do you think “fear of God’s wrath” is capable of generating the right motive for pleasing God? Why or why not?

If not, why do you think Paul brought this up?

9. What social “misbehavior” does Paul single out for special consideration in verse 9?

What does he say about it in this verse and in verse 10?

10. According to v. 11, what social problem was apparently causing divisiveness within the congregation at Colossae?

11. What truth does Paul recommend as the “cure-all” for this spiritual disease?

What do you think he meant by this?

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 31 Lesson 6 Colossians Colossians 3:1-11

With Jesus conquer the sins of the flesh! Colossians 3:5-11 33 Personal Application – Colossians 3:12-17 36

“Jesus will fill us with the power of His love and our lives will increasingly reflect the nature of God Himself” !

Theme: “Jesus enables us to live in a new realm!” In chapter two the apostle Paul had reminded the Colossians that in Christ they had “died to the elemental spirits of the universe” (2: 20). Their dying with Christ in Holy Baptism had separated the believers forever from the worldly standards which the false teachers were promoting.

In chapter 3, the apostle moves on to describe for them the exciting potential which had opened up for them as they shared also in His resurrection. The risen and exalted Jesus calls them and us to live our life in a new realm — with a radically different set of values and priorities.

Always keep your eyes and your mind set on Christ! Colossians 3:1-4 Paul’s introduction to this new and exciting way of life includes the directive to “seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God” (v. 1). The term “things above” means the realm of God. It refers to a spiritual orientation which is completely different from the earthbound nature of the ideas which were being promoted by false teachers. The directive “seek” is in the present tense imperative, to indicate that this is to be a constant and continuing attitude. When the apostle Paul tells us to keep our minds set upon Christ, who is “seated at the right hand of God,” he is expanding on the idea of why this is so important. Again, this is a figurative term to refer to the position of power which Jesus occupies. This concept was given a prominent place in the teachings in the early Church. Peter included it in his sermon on Pentecost (Acts 2:33). It should motivate all of us to seek to know clearly what Jesus expects of us, since He is after all the “Person in charge!”

In verses 3 & 4, Paul puts forth another compelling reason for us to consciously seek to live a life which is pleasing to Christ. The new life

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to which we have been raised, Paul says, “is hid with Christ In our day, oncologists use powerful chemotherapy and in God” (v. 3). This is reason enough to keep our focus on radiation to kill cancer cells in the human body. In verse 5, Christ — our life is all wrapped up in Christ! Paul borrows the literary form of “pentads” (groups of 5) to identify and isolate cancers of the spirit which need to be The word “hid” may refer to the double security which destroyed so that a healthy spiritual life can develop. Paul we have as children of God. For one thing, we know that may have chosen to use the “pentad” because the false this new and eternal life which we have received is safely teachers of Colossae very likely used a similar form for tucked away in the arms of a loving Christ who is the Lord their precepts. of the universe. It’s a sure thing. It may also be thought of as “being hidden” in the sense that it is a mystery, which The first of the cancers which has to be eradicated, says we can’t expect the unbelieving world to understand and Paul, is “immorality.” The Greek word which Paul uses appreciate. In fact, it’s a mystery which we ourselves can’t (porneian) is defined as illicit sexual intercourse. In the fully comprehend. society in which the Colossians lived, sexual freedom without any restraints prevailed. I think we can identify In verse four, Paul assures us that the time will come when with that as far as our society is concerned. The mood it will be evident to us and to everybody else that our trust of our times is that “anything goes!” Proponents of this was well-placed. That will happen “when Christ who is our viewpoint harangue us with the slogan: “C’mon, get with life appears.” Not only will He come in unmistakable power it! This is the ‘90’s!” Young people in their formative years and glory, but we will share in that glory which is His. Paul who go to “movies” or watch the “soaps” or “sitcoms” on was working hard to get the people excited about this new television, can’t help but come away with the impression potential which had opened up for them. that promiscuity in matters of sex is the accepted lifestyle. Even though it was the prevailing lifestyle back then, With Jesus conquer the sins of the flesh! Paul isn’t afraid to go against it. He makes it clear for the Colossians 3:5-11 Colossians, and for us, that such a lifestyle has no place in At this point we can almost hear the skeptics shouting in the lives of people who have their eyes set on Christ and derision that this is just so much “pie in the sky, by and whose aim in life is to please God. by!” They are critical of all religions, which to them seem to be totally irrelevant with regard to the problems and Second on the list is “impurity.” J.B. Phillips in his concerns of daily life of people here on earth. “Letters to Young Churches” translates the original Greek (akatharsian) “dirty-mindedness.” Another commentary After calling the Colossians to an “other-worldly” view of interprets the term as “perversion.” For more on that life, notice that Paul spells out how this focus upon “things look at Romans 1:24-26. Along with the blessing of the above” is going to show itself in the Christian’s life on “Information Highway” comes the problem of what to do earth. He makes it clear that if believers truly have their about the access to pornography which it affords to young minds set on heavenly things, every aspect of human life and old alike. Purveyors of filth hide behind the “freedom is invested with a new significance and importance. of speech” amendment. Regardless of how others may feel, God’s people are not free to indulge in such things. Nowhere is this more the case than with regard to personal values and morality. Paul’s use of “therefore” The word “passion,” number three on the list, has the in the opening words of verse 5 shows that connection negative connotation of unbridled emotion. It refers to the with what he had written in prior verses. There are certain attitude of people whose conduct is determined solely “negatives” in social behavior and personal character by their feelings. How they feel determines for them the which must be “put to death.” The Greek word is an rightness or wrongness of their actions. Self-control in the imperative and in the aorist tense which always means interest of higher values isn’t part of their vocabulary. completed action.

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 33 6 Colossians 3:1-11

Number four in Paul’s pentad is “evil desire.” This could be one aspect of sexual immorality, or it could be referring to something more general. When we think of evil desire in matters of sex, the story of David and Bathsheba comes to mind. David’s desire for another man’s wife led him to ultimately murder one of his most loyal officers in his elite military unit. Self-centered and unrestrained desire or lust is a spiritual time-bomb which can explode at any moment with awful consequences. Desire for what is not right or appropriate must be nipped in the bud.

The final concern in this pentad of appetites is “greed.” It refers to the insatiable appetite for more and more of the so-called “good things of life,” especially the material things which can be acquired with wealth, power, and prestige. Perhaps more than in any other country of the world today, greed seems to be the fuel that drives the ambition of so may people in our nation. Not so long ago, or at least so it seems, most people in our society were happy to make an honest and comfortable living. Nowadays, with ever rising expectations, people aren’t content with that. Now they want to become “filthy rich!” We know that greed is a hidden agenda for many people who work their way into the sacred halls of government at all levels. The increase of gambling in our nation has its roots in greed. It is the poor who patronize the casinos in large numbers in the hope that they will “strike it rich.” Notice what the apostle Paul says about “greed.” He labels it “idolatry!” When we look to material things to give us fulfillment and security in life, instead of to God, it is in essence no different from people who put an idol of wood or stone on their hearth and pray to it.

How serious greed and the other four evils are we can ascertain from verse 6. Paul reminds them that “on account of these [things] the wrath of God is coming.” Most scholars regard this as pointing to Judgment Day. Of course, on that day the world will know exactly how God feels about sinful living. One may wonder why Paul introduces the threat of God’s wrath against the evil- doers at this point. All along he has used only the message of God’s love in Christ as the motivation for holy living. We know that there is nothing “spiritual” about doing something just to avoid punishment. Could he have introduced this thought of punishment in order to get some of the Colossian people to take these matters seriously? After all, for many generations their culture had approved the way of life which Paul was condemning.

Having discussed the pentad of appetites, Paul goes on to name a pentad of vices. These might be categorized as sins of emotion and communication. “Anger, wrath, malice” have this in common that they have the seeds of hatred imbedded in them. Hatred is a strong emotion which in essence is the desire to bring harm to those who sparked these feelings within a person. “Slander and foul talk” probably were acceptable ways of giving vent to such feelings in their society. We recognize these as sins against God’s commandment not to “bear false witness

34 Lwbs Colossians 3:1-11 6

against thy neighbor. Such behavior which is intended to and Jews would have an innate prejudice against them. bring harm and ruin to a fellow human being doesn’t have For the Greeks, “barbarians” were the nations, such as any place in the life of the person whose aim it is to live a life the Persians and Egyptians, whom they regarded as pleasing to God. “Put them all away” says Paul. having an inferior culture and weird religious practices. The Scythians, on the other hand, were regarded as totally The two pentads didn’t have room enough for two other “uncivilized savages” by both the Greeks and the Jews, as concerns which Paul felt he should bring to the attention well as by most other people of the eastern Mediterranean. of the “saints of God” in Colossae. The first is: “Do not lie They couldn’t forget the horrors that these savage nomads to one another.” Think of our world today with all the lying from the northern steppes (Southern Russia today) had and deception which is taking place. Smooth talking sales wreaked upon their people from time to time. (See National persons trying to take advantage of others. Scams of all Geographic issue of September 1996). kinds, even doing it in the name of God — TV evangelists swindling hard-earned savings from elderly people. There A final social distinction which could give rise to division were probably things like that going on back in Paul’s day. within the family of the Church was that of “slave and Paul was very likely thinking more about what ordinary free man.” This could be a very real problem, since the people were doing in their personal relationships. It was population of slaves in that society, we are told, was important for them to recognize that practicing deception greater than that of free persons. was part and parcel of their old nature, which they had cast off. It has no place in the new life which they had received The elimination of attitudes which separated the people and which is being “renewed in knowledge after the image of God from one another was a serious matter. It would of its creator” (v. 10). be a barrier to their own personal and individual spiritual growth. It would also hinder the spread of the Gospel. How Although Paul certainly meant that honesty was to be their could they get rid of such inbred prejudices? Paul says, “lifestyle” in all their dealings, you get the feeling that he “It’s simple: Remember that Christ is all, and in all!” Once wanted to emphasize how especially important this was again, Paul holds up the miracle of the “indwelling Christ” in their relationships with fellow members of the body as the strong motivation, which will give them the power of believers in Colossae. His instruction on this topic is to rise above these divisive attitudes. Recognizing that associated with his final exhortation to do away with artificial Christ Himself dwells in those who share their faith can barriers which could hinder the spirit of unity in the church. make the big difference. It enables them to sincerely honor and cherish not only those in the fellowship of faith, but all In verse 11, Paul pinpoints some of these. He mentions people, since all are the objects of Christ’s love. the rivalry which could exist between the Greeks and the Jews. The Greeks were proud of their culture and With our minds set on things above, we will open our lives learning. The people of Jewish background took pride in to the powerful Spirit of Christ who will enable us to get their religious heritage and tended to feel that they were rid of attitudes and behaviors which are not pleasing to “special” in the eyes of God. As we noted in Lesson 5, God and which tend to play into the hands of the devil! another point of contention existed between those who Jesus will fill us with the power of His love and our lives had been circumcised and those who weren’t. Then there will increasingly reflect the nature of God Himself! Pretty were the “barbarians” and the “Scythians.” Both Greeks exciting and heady stuff, isn’t it?

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 35 6 Colossians 3:12-17 Personal Application – Colossians 3:12-17 Thank you, good Lord, for choosing me to be a part of your wonderful family. Fill me with the Spirit of your Son, so that in all of my attitudes and conduct I may bring honor to this family name and lead others to glorify You. Amen.

Colossians 3:12-13 1. As the apostle Paul begins this section, with what words does he describe the members of the Colossian congregation?

What is the personal significance of these descriptive words as you consider your relationship with God?

How did Paul want the Colossians (and us) to think about ourselves as a group? (Deuteronomy 7:6-7; Galatians 3:6-9; 1 Peter 2:9-10)

2. What everyday routine does the apostle use as a metaphor when he tells them to acquire these qualities?

According to Colossians 3:9-10, how do these qualities get to be a part of our spiritual wardrobe?

The Scriptures provide us with role models for each of the qualities mentioned. Who are some of them? “Compassion” (Matthew 9:36; Luke 7:13)

“Kindness” (Romans 2:4; Ruth 3:10)

“Lowliness” (Philippians 2:5-8)

“Meekness” (Numbers 12:3; Matthew 11:29)

“Patience” (Hebrews 6:15)

3. If we have all five of these attitudes as part of our disposition or personality, what will we be able to practice as we deal with the shortcomings of people who are part of our life, according to verse 13a? (Look at other translations)

4. When it is more than just failings and shortcomings, and involves a serious personal offense against us, what does Paul in verse 13b say we are to do?

What do you think of this directive?

36 Lwbs Colossians 3:12-17 6 Who else said the same thing? (Matthew 7:12)

Colossians 3:14-15 5. What gives us the spiritual energy to develop such attitudes, practice tolerance, and be ready to forgive? (v. 14)

Paul’s reference to love, as “binding everything together in perfect harmony,” may be the wind-up for his metaphor of putting on these virtues as one puts on clothing. What else might he have in mind? (Colossians 2:2)

6. What does verse 15 tell us about Paul’s feelings regarding the importance of harmony in the church? What rank should it have?

If you read James 3:17-18, you will find one good reason why the peaceable spirit is so vital. Put it into your own words. “Peace and harmony in my church is very important because…

Colossians 3:16-17 7. What activity does Paul seem to single out as being an important part of the formula for promoting a close bond between members of the family of believers?

Do you think he is emphasizing individual or group Bible study? Give reasons for your answer.

What two functions should the use of the Word help us to carry out, as we consider our responsibilities toward our Christian group?

In what ways might a small group situation facilitate this?

8. In addition to the spoken Word, what else does Paul recommend we use for building and strengthening the spiritual life of the congregation?

What three types of singing does Paul refer to?

Can you come up with some ideas as to the distinction between the three classifications Paul makes?

9. Sometimes we make distinctions between “sacred” and “secular.” Some draw a heavy boundary line between their business, or social, and religious life. Which one word in v. 17 rules this out?

When we do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus, God will regard this as our way of expressing…

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 37 Lesson 7 Colossians Colossians 3:12-17

Christ guides us in relationships with believers Colossians 3:13-17 39 Personal Application – Colossians 3:18-4:18 42

“His instruction is for us to keep our eyes on Christ. He is our role model, as well as our inspiration.”

Theme: “With Jesus living in us our lives take on a whole new look!” “Make overs” for both men and women have become rather popular in recent years. Television programs which feature such events use split- screen views of before and after to dramatize the changes which take place. If you have watched programs like this, you may recall instances where the change was so remarkable that it was hard to believe it was the same person!

In chapter 3 of Colossians, the apostle Paul has given us a kind of split- screen portrayal of character and personality traits of people “before and after” they came to know Jesus. As it often happens with “make overs,” the change is so remarkable that it’s hard to believe that they are the same people. In fact, this is exactly the point that Paul wants to make: With Jesus living in us our lives take on a whole new look!

Our last study (Colossians 3:5-11) gave us a spiritual portrait of the Colossian people before they came to Jesus. Not a pretty picture! Now comes the picture of how people look when they allow Christ to give them a “spiritual make over.” Let’s take a look!

In Christ Jesus we have a new outlook toward others Colossians 3:12 Interestingly, like our reference to “make overs,” Paul uses the metaphor of clothing and outward appearance as he lists items of apparel which should be in our spiritual wardrobe, and which we should “put on!”

Paul begins our intended “make over” with a powerful motivational statement. He reminds us “who” we are as he writes: “…as God’s chosen ones, holy and beloved.” Paul must have been pretty

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certain that the Colossians would recognize these three that the world revolves around him, there is absolutely no designations as titles which God had given to His special room for the virtues of compassion and kindness. people of the Old Testament (God’s chosen ones—holy— beloved). Since they had become believers in the Messiah In the world in which the Colossians lived, humility whom God had promised to His people of old, they were wasn’t even on the list of desirable qualities. It probably now God’s people. This was their true identity — they doesn’t rank very highly in our own culture. We all know were true Israelites! He tells them to be what they are! the slogan: “Nice guys finish last!” The flip-side of that statement is: “Think about yourself first and last and be as As Paul had used the literary form of the pentad to list sets tough and ruthless as you have to be to get ahead.” With of five characteristics of the pre-conversion personality this exhortation to humbleness Paul is urging us to “get our which simply “had to go,” so here he presents his first heads on straight” about who we are and what our place cluster of five virtues. These were things they need to “put is in God’s “Great Scheme” of things! In Philippians 2:5-8, on” if they were going to look like the people they had Paul uses Jesus Himself as the pattern of true humility. become in Christ. The fourth quality which the “chosen of God” are exhorted First on the list of God-like qualities is compassion. If you to “put on” is meekness. The very word seems to suggest grew up with the King James Version of the Bible, you to our minds the picture of a “Mr. Milquetoast,” or a probably will remember the words used here: “bowels of spineless individual who allows himself to be pushed compassion,” which is the literal translation. The ancients around and trampled upon. When Paul holds up meekness regarded the “bowels” (in fact the abdomen in general) as a desirable quality which Christians are to cultivate, he as the seat of human feelings. Our slang expression “gut is not giving it the connotation which our warped idea of feeling” perpetuates this concept. It was God’s “deep- meekness suggests. He lists it as a strength. How would down” feeling of compassion which would not allow Him you rate Moses? A strong character of the Old Testament, to turn away from us who were doomed to temporal and right? Yet, the Bible says of him (Numbers 12:3), “Now the eternal misery because of our sin. God is looking to His man Moses was very meek.” In this, too, Moses was a type “chosen ones” still on this earth to reflect His feelings of of Christ Jesus. Matthew used the same Greek word which concern for all people. Paul uses here when he quoted Jesus as saying: “…I am meek and lowly in heart” (KJV). Instead of “meekness,” The God-like qualities Paul mentions seem to flow one RSV has “gentle.” The truly meek person operates from a from the other. This certainly is apparent in regard to the position of strength as he or she relates to others in a spirit first two. If you have a compassionate heart, then you will of gentleness. certainly also be kind in your relationships with others. In Romans 2:4 Paul points to the important role of kindness If these first four Christ-like virtues are “embodied” in our on the part of God Himself: “God’s kindness is meant life, the last one in the pentad will happen quite naturally. to lead you to repentance” (RSV) . This is almost in the We will have the “patience” Paul refers to. What Paul has form of a maxim or paradigm. If you would like to see a outlined gives us a pattern of inner disposition to try, with change of heart in someone who bothers you, learn from God’s help, to follow in all of our relationships. God. Resist the temptation to fight evil with evil and try kindness. In Galatians 5:22, Paul lists kindness as an Christ guides us in relationships important gift of the Spirit. with believers Colossians 3:13-17 Lowliness (humility) is next. This inner quality is a “sine In a subtle and almost imperceptible move, Paul seems to qua non” (an absolute essential) if compassion and shift from a focus upon how God’s “chosen ones” will come kindliness are going to happen. In the life and personality across in all of their relationships. He now focuses upon of the person who is completely self-centered, who thinks how these virtues will play out in their relationships with one

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 39 7 Colossians 3:12-17 another in the fellowship of the church family in Colossae. only the enemy of God who gets any benefit. Paul closes this portion of his exhortation by adding the thought of For example, Paul urges the spirit of “forbearance” — the being thankful. He very likely wanted them to be greatly spirit of patience and tolerance toward fellow believers appreciative of the blessing they had in being part of when they fail to be all that God expects them to be. In the Christian community. This should help them strive to this connection, Paul takes up the case of what to do promote peace and harmony within it, and certainly not be when there has actually been a sin committed against you party to any action which would disturb it. personally. Paul’s directive is simple and straightforward. He writes (v. 13): “…as the Lord has forgiven you, so you In verse 16, Paul remains with his focus on things that also must forgive.” Here he echoes the instruction which will promote harmony in the local congregation. “Let the Jesus Himself gave in the Lord’s Prayer. Forgiveness word of Christ dwell in you richly, teach and admonish one should always be “Step #1” in our reaction to evil which another in all wisdom,” he writes. This verse is usually we experience at the hands of another, especially in our used as a text to promote Bible study, and it certainly relationship with fellow believers. See the Parable of the does that. In the context of Paul’s focus on the family Unmerciful Servant (Matthew 18:23-35). of believers, it has the special emphasis of showing the importance of having members gathered around the Forgiveness clears the way and provides the platform Word of God, sharing with one another the great truths from which you can deal constructively with those who sin of Scripture. Times of sharing will include “teaching and against you. It will allow you to put into play the God-like admonishing one another” in a non-confrontational spirit. spirit of “compassion, kindness, lowliness, meekness and patience” which we discussed earlier in 3:12. The original Greek for this verse points to the goal for all Bible study. A literal translation would go like this: “Let the Paul knew that what he had recommended for the Logos (Christ) dwell among you richly!” Remember how Colossians was not going to be easy for any of them the false teachers in Colossae talked about the “logos” to achieve. None of them would be perfect in living up in philosophical terms and how the apostle declared that to these aims and ideals. To wrap up this section, Paul Jesus was the “Logos in Person?” Study of the Word in the returned to the metaphor of putting on clothing (v. 14). fellowship of the church was the way for them to open the “And above all these, put on love, which binds everything door for Christ to dwell among them as a group, as well as together in perfect harmony.” The power of love gets within them as individual Christians. things going! Paul includes (v. 16b) in this formula for strengthening the Love also provides the drive which enables people to bond of Christian love in the congregation, the importance live in harmony in the close-knit fellowship of a Christian of singing together. “…and sing psalms and hymns and church. Paul expands on this thought in verse 15. “Let spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts.” His the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to which indeed reference to the three types of songs here seems to suggest you were called in one body.” The Greek word for “rule” that the early church, already at that time, had a rich is another one of the words which Paul borrowed from the heritage of church music. They had a ready-made hymnal world of athletics. It refers to an “umpire” or “referee” in an in the Jewish Book of Psalms. “Hymns” probably referred athletic event. It’s as though “peace” is personified as a to songs which celebrated important teachings of Scripture, referee who decides if some action or behavior threatens perhaps similar to the kind used in liturgical churches. to disturb or disrupt the tranquility and harmony of the group. The “referee peace” will blow the whistle or, as in The distinction between “hymns” and “spiritual songs” football, throw down the yellow kerchief, to bring the action isn’t spelled out. Some interpreters think that the latter to a halt until the infraction has been dealt with. You can refers to lighter tunes which may be based upon teaching see by this how important harmony in the church was in of Scripture, but are more subjective expressions of a Paul’s mind. He knew that in the presence of discord, it is person’s faith and feelings about some article of faith.

40 Lwbs Colossians 3:12-17 7

“Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to God.” Colossians 3:16

They would be like the music we call “Gospel Songs.” There might be some support for this from Martin Luther. His German version translates this phrase: “geistlichen lieblichen Liedern.” The word “lieblichen” can be translated: “lovely, charming, or delightful.”

We know that Dr. Luther valued the place of music in the life of the church, especially congregational singing. Reformation historian J. Grimm writes that “to Luther goes the credit of making congregational singing a dignified part of the church service, which symbolized his emphasis upon the believer’s direct access to God.” His enthusiasm for music in the life of the church was tremendous. He said, “Music is a fair and lovely gift of God which has often moved me to the joy of preaching… Next to theology I give to music the highest place and the greatest honor.” Since he was gifted as a musician and singer, he wrote many of his own songs for the Church.

As a footnote to the discussion about the role of music in the life of the fellowship, Paul adds a word about the spirit in which the singing ought to take place. At the close of verse 16 he adds that the singing should be done “with thankfulness in your hearts to God” (RSV). Some scholars prefer the way in which the KJV translates this statement — “Singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord.” Goodspeed’s version of the same is: “Sing to God with all your hearts!” Phillips, in his Letters to Young Churches, put it this way:. “…singing God’s praises with joyful hearts!” With slightly different nuances, they all really are saying the same thing. Paul may have felt the need to stress this important aspect of life together in the church to offset the negativism which the false teachers were promoting. Remember that they put high value upon self-denial and strict self-discipline. Anything happy or joyful just didn’t fit with such theology.

The closing verse in this section (v. 17), seems to be Paul’s summary of everything he has said thus far in this letter, and particularly in this section where he highlights the characteristics of the new life which we have as God’s “Chosen Ones.” His instruction is for us to keep our eyes on Christ. He is our role model, as well as our inspiration. Like Jesus, we should make the conscious effort to live every moment of our life according to the pattern Paul had just described, not to gain God’s favor, but because we have already experienced it. Paul encourages us to think of “whatsoever we do” as opportunities to communicate to God how thankful we are for the love which caused Him to send His Son to be our Lord and Savior. We have every reason to be the happiest people on earth. What a “make over!”

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 41 7 Colossians 3:18-4:18 Personal Application – Colossians 3:18-4:18

Heavenly Father, thank You for giving me a clear picture of how my life is part of Your big plan. Send Your Holy Spirit to live in me, to enlighten me, and to empower me, so that I will live up to the high expectations You have for me. In Jesus’ Name, Amen.

Colossians 3:18 – 4:1 1. According to verse 18, what does Paul say God expects of Christian wives?

Is this attitude something which God expects only of wives? (Ephesians 5:21)

2. What is Paul’s directive for Christian husbands? (v. 19)

According to Ephesians 5:25, whose example were husbands to follow?

Why do you suppose Paul added: “Do not be harsh with them”?

What does this say to Christian men or women as they “date and rate” a potential marriage partner?

3. For the family unit to be strong, what do Christian parents need to teach their children (v. 20)?

What incentive does Paul give both parents and children in this verse?

Why could Paul call for unqualified obedience on the part of the children?

4. What “caution flag” does Paul hold up before Christian fathers (and mothers) in verse 21?

Why is this important?

5. In verse 22, what instruction does Paul give to the Christian slaves?

Any exceptions to this rule? ( Acts 5:29)

42 Lwbs Colossians 3:18-4:18 7 What “work ethic” did Paul want them to adopt? (v. 22-23)

What additional incentive does Paul hold up for them in verse 24?

What truth (v. 25) should keep them from even thinking about retaliating against a master who is unfair?

What can a Christian employee today learn from these verses?

6. What message did Paul have for Christian masters? (4:1)

What should they keep in mind always?

What lessons are there for Christian “bosses” in our world today?

Colossians 4:2-6 7. How would you describe the prayer life which Paul enjoins in 4:2?

What do you think Paul meant by being “watchful” in their praying?

8. What special “prayer requests” did Paul make in 4:3?

Why would his personal circumstances call for special and fervent prayers?

According to 4:4, what specific item did Paul want them to put on their prayer list?

What was so crucial about this?

If we don’t seem to have “openings to witness,” what might be the reason?

For whom should we pray regularly that when they speak the Word it will really communicate?

Luther E. Schwartzkopf 43 7 Colossians 3:18-4:18 9. What is of the utmost importance for us, if we care about being good witnesses? (5a)

Why is this important?

How should we regard every opportunity to witness? (5b)

What should characterize our speech? (6a)

What might “seasoned with salt” (6b) refer to?

Colossians 4:7-18 10. How does Paul show concern for his friends in Colossae? (4:7-9)

How do “greetings” from co-workers (4:10-14) fit in with his concern?

How does Paul “personalize” his dictated letter (v. 18)?

What other purpose could his signature serve (2 Thessalonians 3:17)?

Why do you think he told them “remember my fetters”?

What did Paul again convey to the Colossians with his final greeting? (Also see: Colossians 1:2)

44 Lwbs Colossians Lesson 8 Colossians 3:18-4:18

Special Concerns for the Household of faith Colossians 4:2-6 47 The Fellowship of Believers in Action Colossians 4:7-18 48

“Paul wanted them to think of him, not so much as a prisoner of imperial Rome, but as a person captive to Christ.”

Theme: “This new outlook guides us in all of our relationships in home, church, and community.” During the past decade or so, many people have participated in seminars presented by James Dobson who has developed programs entitled “Focus on the Family.” In our previous study we heard what the apostle Paul had to say about the whole new outlook on life which comes to people in whose heart Christ Jesus takes up residence. Here, toward the end of his letter Paul does his own “focus on the family.”

Focus on the Family Colossians 3:18-4:1 For some reason, unknown to us, Paul begins his “focus on the family” with a word to the wives. His guideline for them is simple and direct: “Wives, be subject to your husbands.” Before we write this off as outdated and unrealistic, let’s be sure we understand what he is not saying. For one thing, Paul is in no way implying that women are inferior to men. Nor does he even suggest that he is giving husbands the right to demand that their wives be subject to them. The verb form of the Greek word here makes it quite clear that this was to be a voluntary decision on the part of wives. He appeals to wives to submit voluntarily to the husband’s leadership role in the partnership of marriage. Wives will want to do this, Paul says, because (v.18) “as is fitting in the Lord.” It is fitting because it recognizes the order God has established for the family (1 Timothy 2:11-13), and strengthens the leadership role of the husband.

Note that whatever Paul has to say to wives is clearly in the context of a reciprocal directive for husbands and fathers: “Husbands, love your wives!” If you catch the impact of the word “love” as used by Paul, it is quite obvious that the Christian husband has been given the greater challenge! In the companion epistle sent to the Ephesians (5:25), Paul tells husbands to love their wives “as Christ loved the church and gave Himself up for it.”

45 8 Colossians 3:18-4:18 “Every 12 seconds a woman is abused in the U.S.A.!” in Rome and had become a Christian. At Paul’s urging, This was in a news report early in 1996. In Paul’s day, Onesimus was returning to his master, Philemon, who also something like this wouldn’t have been considered happened to be a member of the Colossian congregation. “news.” Women had no social status. They were regarded Slaves were considered part of the household. In many as man’s personal property. Harsh treatment was the cases, they were key players in what we call “cottage accepted means of making them “knuckle under” the industries.” Light manufacturing was done in the homes, authority of their husbands. Paul’s exhortation: “Husbands, producing textiles, pottery, jewelry, shoes, and other items. love your wives, and do not be harsh with them!” was pretty “far out” for that time. On February 21, 1996, In a word, Paul tells slaves that they were to obey their President Clinton established a “National Hotline for masters. It’s the same word he used for children (v. 20). Battered Women” with a free “800” number for abused Although it appears to require obedience to the master women to call. Wives of men in whose heart the loving in all circumstances, certainly it could be modified by Christ dwells will never need to use that number! limitations set by the Apostles in Acts 5:29. Paul probably didn’t feel he needed to mention this, because of the In a Christian family all members have their role. In verse reciprocal word to slave owners which follows. He goes 20, children are told it is their role to obey their parents. on to encourage them to adopt a new work ethic. He tells Children should be taught to recognize that their parents them not to render “eye service, as men-pleasers.” He are in essence surrogates of God, to bring them into life must have observed how many slaves “goofed off” when and to take care of them. They should be taught that the master wasn’t looking. when they respect and obey their parents they are also honoring God Himself. The only Commandment to which He told the Christian slaves not to be like that. They ought God has added an “incentive” for obeying is the one that rather to think of themselves as working for God, who says, “Honor your father and mother…that it may be always has them in view. This should move them to work well with you and you may live long on the earth.” His hard at their tasks with one aim in mind: “singleness of promise of blessing is held out as an incentive to children, heart” — to please their Master in Heaven. encouraging them to obey parents even when it is tough to do so. As encouragement for the slaves to adopt this “work ethic,” Paul told them to keep in mind at all times that As with directives for wives, so here there is coupled “from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your with the instruction for children a reciprocal mandate reward.” Children of the master had a built-in incentive to for parents. “Do not provoke your children, lest they work hard in the family enterprise, because one day they become discouraged” (v. 21). Fathers and mothers who would inherit it. Although the slaves couldn’t expect to are conscientious about doing a good job of rearing their benefit from their labors in the same way as the children children, may run the risk of being too demanding in might, they were to keep in mind that they were children of their expectations. If a child, during his formative years, God. They could look forward to receiving an inheritance is subjected to unreasonably harsh discipline and is from the hands of God which would be more valuable than constantly “put down,” he will develop low self-esteem and any monetary inheritance. So when you’re on the job, give a badly crippled personality, and, even worse, may turn it your best effort. The bumper sticker which reads, “My away from God. An enlightened and Christ-like love is the Boss Is a Jewish Carpenter,” picks up on this thought. “key” to good discipline. It will enable parents to walk the fine line between modern “permissiveness” and overly Verse 25 is a word of warning to the slaves telling them harsh discipline. not to even think about retaliating against a master who has mistreated them. “Remember,” Paul says, “the master In this “focus on the family,” the most space is devoted who does wrong will be dealt with.” God will set things to the slaves in the household (3: 22-25). Likely, this was right! Leave it to Him (See Romans 12:19). because of Onesimus — the runaway slave who met Paul

46 Lwbs Colossians 3:18-4:18 8 Even though this was addressed to the slaves, it makes Having given them a “pep talk” about being diligent and a natural “segue” (as they say on television) to Paul’s confident in praying, Paul pleads with them to pray that the admonition to the Christian slave owners (4:1). They, too, Lord would bring about opportunities in his imprisonment need to keep in mind that they have someone over them to for him to speak about the “mystery of Christ.” Also he whom they must answer. They, too, should strive to please requested they pray that when the opportunities presented their Master in heaven by the way in which they treat their themselves, Paul would be able to communicate the truth slaves. Christian people who are in charge of others can of God’s love in Christ in a way that it would “connect” with take a cue from this. those who heard it.

Special Concerns for the Isn’t this something for us to think about? The great Household of faith apostle Paul felt the need to ask for the prayers of the Colossians 4:2-6 people in far away Colossae in order for him to be an As the apostle comes to the close of his letter, he enlarges effective communicator of the Gospel truth! Aren’t we the scope of his message to include the larger family — remiss if we don’t make it a practice of “besieging” the the household of faith in Colossae. He has some concerns throne of God with prayers for Christian evangelists to bring to their attention. everywhere, and especially our own pastors and teachers? Could our lack of prayers be the reason more people His first concern has to do with their prayer life. He asks aren’t being brought to faith? Think about it. Resolve to do them to “Continue steadfastly in prayer” (v. 2). The Greek something about it! verb which he uses here gives us a graphic description of the kind of praying Paul had in mind for them. It is the While he was on the subject of winning people to the same word used by a historian at the time to describe the Savior, Paul had something else to say to the Colossians. persistent effort an army puts into a siege. Paul tells them In verse 5 he tells them to be careful not to put any to “besiege” the throne of God. Just a prayer at church obstacles in the way of the Gospel: “Conduct yourselves once a week won’t cut it! For the individual family it would wisely toward outsiders.” Someone has said that our life mean more than just saying routine prayers at meals and is the only Bible that some people will ever read. Let’s ask at bedtime. God to help us make our lives a good translation.

Paul expands on his idea of the kind of praying they “Making the most of the time,” was apparently a term from should be doing. They should be “watchful in it.” His words the marketplace which means “to buy up for one’s self.” suggest that when we pray we should be alert — “with our Against the background of reaching out to others with the antennas up” searching for specific things which might be Gospel, it means to “capitalize” on every opportunity that you a threat to our spiritual life and then making them matters have to share the Good News of Christ. There is an urgency of our fervent prayers. Have thoughtful prayer lists! about it! The opportunity may not present itself again!

As usual, Paul also includes the notion that this be done Along the same line, when you speak, remember to “Let in the spirit of “thanksgiving.” The way in which Paul uses your speech always be gracious,” (v. 6). In his translation, the word here, it seems to go beyond the idea of just Martin Luther used the word “lieblich” (loving). The love of remembering to say “thank you” for the past blessings. God which dwells in us should characterize our style when He may have been thinking about the way in which Jesus we speak — even with those who may be hostile toward us. prayed at the grave of Lazarus. Before Jesus had an “Speak the truth in love!” Paul told the Ephesians (4:15). answer to His prayer, He said: “Father, I thank you that you have heard me” (John 11:41-42). We can have such Paul adds that all of our conversation, and especially when confidence that God will hear our prayers that we will we are engaged in witnessing, should be “seasoned with thank Him in advance! salt.” If we think of salt in its role as a “flavor enhancer” this could mean that we should be careful not to be dull

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“Remember my chains.”

or insipid, but interesting and tasteful. Another possibility hug,” expressing love and concern of the deepest kind. is that it refers to salt as a symbol of friendship. When Paul asked the Colossians to pass on similar greetings to one of our astronauts, early in 1996, was transferred their sister church in nearby Laodicea and the small group from our space shuttle to the Russian space station which met in the home of Nympha in Hierapolis. there was a “welcome aboard” ceremony in which salt was shared. Salt is also known for its healing properties. We aren’t told much about Archippus (v. 17). Most Our communication should be interesting, friendly, and it commentators agree that he was very likely the “vacancy should contribute to the healing of broken relationships. pastor” in Colossae, filling in for Epaphras. The message he Paul makes this idea an essential to effective sharing had for Archippus seems to come across as a scolding. But of the truth: “…so that you may know how to answer it may just as well have been a friendly verbal “pat on the everyone” (v. 6). Notice that he isn’t saying that it is of back” from Paul encouraging him to keep up the good work! utmost importance to have all the answers. Equally as important as having good answers is the spirit in which Up to this point, the letter had been dictated to a scribe. the answers are given, taking into account each person’s When this portion was completed, the scribe handed the unique personality and personal circumstances. letter to Paul for his personal signature. “I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand” (v. 18). It may have been that The Fellowship of Believers in Action as Paul reached his arm across the desk, he heard the Colossians 4:7-18 clanking of the metal chains fastened to them, and this led This pastoral letter winds up with Paul reassuring the him to say: “Remember my chains.” This wasn’t an appeal Colossians that he truly appreciates their interest in for pity on his part. Rather, Paul wanted them to think of how things are going for him. He is sending to them him, not so much as a prisoner of imperial Rome, but as a his personal emissary, Tychicus, to deliver this letter in person captive to Christ. Maybe this would also help them person. Tychicus will fill them in on all the details, and to remain strong as they faced the difficulties which came answer any questions which they might have about his to them because of their loyalty to Jesus. As Paul wrote well-being. He will be accompanied by Onesimus, the to the Thessalonians (2 Thessalonians 3:17), he put his converted runaway slave who was returning to his owner, signature to his letters to personalize them and to attest to Philemon, a member of their church. their authenticity.

Paul sends greetings to them from Aristarchus, Mark, and Paul’s final word to them is, appropriately, the greeting Jesus, who is called Justus — the only Jewish Christians with which he began his letter (1:2). The beginning and in Rome who gave him support (verses 7-11). He passes ending of our relationship with God and one with another on to them greetings from their former pastor, Epaphras, is God’s grace. Dr. Luke, and a man named Demas. It is interesting to note that two of the four Gospel writers (Mark and Luke) The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you, too! were with Paul in Rome.

Incidentally, the Greek word for “greeting” suggests more than just a casual “Hi!” It implies the idea of a “mental

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