West Indies in Canada.] *

The EDITH tfWLORNE PIERCE COLLECTION of CANADIANA

Queens University at Kingston ilture

FOK THti VVJUST liMJlJtLS

The 'West Indian Bulletin'. A Quarterly Scientific Journal, containing, together with other papers, full reports of the Agricultural Conference of the representatives of all the

Scientific and Educational Institutions - and Agricultural Societies in the West Indies, held under the auspices of the Imperial Department of Agriculture. Price per copy 6& Post free 8d.

The ' Agricultural News'. A fortnightly illustrated review of a popular character devoted to tropical agriculture and education, indicating what is going on, and the progress being made in agricultural matters throughout the West Indies. Price Id. per number. Post free 2d.

The Pamphlet Series. Simply-written booklets, issued as occasion demands, giving information especially adapted to West Indian conditions. For full list of those still available see page 3 of cover.

WEST INDIAN BULLETIN.

Volume I : —Full reports of the Agricultural Conferences of 1899 and 1900. Only a very limited number of copies of the parts of Volume I are available and these cannot be sold separately. Volume I, complete in original paper covers as issued, post free, 5s.

Volumes II, III, IV, V, VI and VII :—Price 2s. each. Post free 2s. 8rf.

: Volume VIII, Nos. 1, 2 and 3 —West Indian Agricultural Conference, 1907 ;

Abstract of Proceedings and Reprint of Papers. No. 4 : Agricultural

Conference, 1908 ; Presidential Address and Abstract of Proceedings. Price 6d each number. Post free 8d.

Volume IX. Nos. 1,2, 3 and 4 : —Reprints of Papers read at Agricultural Conference, 1908, with summaries of discussions following. Price Qd. each number. Post free Sd.

Volume X. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 : —Papers on General Subjects. Antigua Agricul- tural Conference.

Volume XI. Nos. 1,2, 3 and 4 : —Papers on General Subjects. Account of Imperial Department of Agriculture in the West Indies.

Volume XII. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 : —West Indian Agricultural Conference, 1912 ; Papers and Abstracts.

Volume XIII. No. 1, No. 2 :—West Indian Agricultural Conference, 1912 ; Papers read on Cotton, Agricultural Education, Sugar-cane Experiments in British Guiana. PREFACE.

This booklet, which is revised and published annually for distribution at the Toronto National Exhibition, is designed to place in the possession of manufacturers and merchants in Canada, in a reliable and compact form, information concerning the British West Indies and British Guiana, with a view to developing trade between the two countries.

In the present edition an attempt has been made to strengthen the interest of the statistics by including in certain cases, the returns for 1911 as well as those for 1912. The tables on pages 6 and 7 show that the value of Canadian imports into the British West Indies and British Guiana amounted in the year ending March 31, 1912, to $4,617,961, while the value of the exports from the West Indies to Canada was $10,550,431. The total volume of the trade carried on between the two countries during that period was therefore $15,168,452 (£3,160,094).

In the year 1912, British Guiana exported to Canada, produce, mostly sugar, to the value of $3,472,531, while the imports of Canadian goods were worth $583,536. From Barbados, in 1912, sugar to the value of $ 1,256,261, and molasses to the value of $1,264,651 were sent to Canada, and imports of the value of $882,240 received. The value of the imports from Canada into Jamaica in 1911 was $1,169,143 or 8'5 per cent, of the total imports, and the value of the exports to Canada from Jamaica was 86 per cent, of the total exports, as compared with 8*4 in 1910 and 4*7 in 1909. Trinidad in 1911 sent exports to the value of $989,438 to British North America, and received imports of the value of $913,378.

These figures show that a very considerable trade has already been established between Canada and the West Indies and British Guiana. During the past two seasons, however, the quantity of ox ports of certain commodities has been much below what it might have been, owing to the unfor- tunate occurrence of periods of severe drought.

With a view to increasing the volume of trade between the two countries, Canadian Reciprocity Conferences have from time to time been held, and in 1910 the Royal Commission on Trade Relations between Canada and the West Indies issued a report which contained valuable suggestions for more effectually carrying out the object in view. In April 1912, a final Conference was held at Ottawa, and an agreement drawn up which was subsequently accepted b}^ the several Governments of the West Indian Colonies and ratified by the Canadian Government. This agreement came into force on June 2, 1913, and enacts that the duties on all goods enumerated in a Schedule A, being the produce or manufacture of Canada, imported into any of the Colonies which are parties to the Agreement, shall not be more than four- fifths of the duties imposed on similar goods

when imported from any foreign country ; provided that on Hour the preference in favour of Canada shall not at any time be less than 12 cents per

100 11). On all goods enumerated in a Schedule B, being the produce or manufacture of the contracting Colonies, imported into Canada, the duties of Customs shall not at any time be more than four-fifths of the duties on similar goods when imported from foreign country provided that on raw a ; sugar not above 16, Dutch standard, in colour, and molasses testing over 56° and not over 75°, the preference in favour of the Colony shall not at any time be less than 4^ cents per 100 lb. and for each additional degree over 75° the preference shall not be less than ^-cent. per 100 lb. Cacao beans, not roasted, crushed or ground, lime juice, raw and concentrated, not refined, and fresh limes, being the produce or manufacture of any of the contracting Colonies may be imported into Canada free of duty, but the like goods when imported from any foreign country shall pay duty not less than 75 cents per 100 tb. for cacao, 5 cents per gallon for lime juice and 10 per cent, ad valorem for fresh limes. These arrangements are likely to give a considerable impetus to trade between the Dominion and the Colonies concerned.

On p. 41 of this booklet will be found a list of ^ books relating to the West Indies and British Guiana including a number of Handbooks, Directories, etc., which contain a large amount of interesting and useful information concerning these Colonies. On pages I to XIX are given short descriptions of some of the principal economic plants and trees growing in the West Indies.

The advertisement section, which has this year greatly increased in size, has been edited in such a manner as to render it a more distinctive and arresting feature of the publication.

It is hoped that this booklet will be useful as affording information concerning the present resources of the West Indies and British Guiana, and as to exhibits that have been sent from these Colonies. It is also hoped that it may be instru- mental in indicating ways in which mutual exchange of commodities may be increased and made more efficient between the two chief areas of the British Empire in the Western Hemisphere.

J r^oj^t^^ AAfoJXi* X Commissioner of Agriculture * for the West Indies.

Canadian exhibition

1913,

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THE WEST INDIES AND BBITISH

GUIANA.

The British West Indies and British Guiana include the greater number of the chain of islands which fringe the northern and western sides of the Caribbean Sea, and a portion of the mainland of South America, is usually included in the term, and sometimes the Bahamas also. Politically they form six colonies. Counting from the south, these are (1) British Guiana, with its three counties of Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice. (2) Trinidad with its dependency of Tobago. (3) The Windward Islands— Grenada, St. Vincent, and St. Lucia, with numerous small islets, the Grenadines. (4) Barbados. (5) The Leeward Islands — Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua with (Bermuda and Redonda), St. Kitts-Nevis (including Anguilia) and the Virgin Islands (Tortola, Virgin Gorda and Anegada). The chain, which runs almost due north and south from Trinidad to Antigua, here makes a right angle, and it is not until after passing Porto Rico and San Domingo (Hayti) and traversing some 800 miles that the sixth colony, Jamaica, is reached, with its dependencies, the Turks Islands and the Cayman Islands, .ISLANDS J$V ANKG\I»A

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I'M T OF 1IIK WEST INDIES AND OE liRlTHH GUIANA. 3 PRODUCTS OP THE WEST INDIES AND BRITISH GUIANA.

The most important product of the West Indies is Sugar, with its by-products Molasses and Rum. Their total value is about $15,800,000 per annum. It is the main industry in British Guiana. Barbados, Antigua and St. Kitts-Nevis. Molascuit a cattle food prepared from molasses and the crushed fibre of the sugar-cane is exported from British Guiana. Many islands, formerly solely 'sugar islands', have now turned their attention to other products. Cacao ranks next in importance. It forms practically the sole crop of Grenada and in Trinidad is worth about double the value of sugar. It is also an important industry in Jamaica. St. Lucia, and Dominica, and is receiving attention in British GJiiana. The total value of cacao exported in the season 1911, was about $6,800,000.

Lime Juice is made on a large scale in Dominica and Montserrat, and to some extent in Jamaica, The industry is undergoing quick development in St. Lucia and to a less extent in the Virgin Islands. The exports of raw and concentrated lime juice increased during the year 1011-12 as also did the exportation of green and pickled limes ; while the manufacture of citrate of lime has been extendeil on a commercial scale. A syndicate to make citric acid on a large scale has been formed in British Guiana and has obtained a 2,000-acre grant from the Government. Excellent results have been obtained in the establishment of a Cotton industry, particularly in Barbados, St. Vincent. Montserrat, Antigua and St. Kitts-Nevis. During the year 1912, Sea Island cotton, of the value of $704,957 was exported, mostly to the United Kingdom. The Fruit trade has within recent years made wonderful strides. Bananas, Oranges and Grape-Fruit retain the first place in the exports of Jamaica, with an estimated value of $7,991,589 for the year 1911, showing an increase of over two million dollars on the previous year's figures. Timber and Balata are supplied by British Guiana and

Trinidad, and Dye-woods, such as logwood, fustic, etc . by Jamaica. St. Vincent has an important Arrowroot industry, the exports in 1911-12 being valued at §194,004, showing an increase over and above last year's figures of nearly fifty thousand dollars. Amongst the products of minor importance, mention should be made of Coffee from Jamaica and British Guiana ; Nut- megs from Grenada ; Pimento or Allspice from Jamaica and Coco-nuts, including Copra from Jamaica, Trinidad and British Guiana.

Crops such as Sweet Potatoes, Yams, Cassava, etc.. are grown on a large scale throughout the different colonies, but are mainly used for local consumption. Rice 19 successfully grown in British Guiana, Jamaica Trinidad and St. Lucia. There has been a rapid extension of vice growing in British Guiana in recent years, and consequently the imports of this commodity are now gradually, but steadily, decreasing. In 1911-12 some $216,231 worth was exported Cattle are reared in Jamaica, British Guiana, Trinidad Islands, I Tobago and the Virgin and are much in demand nn estates for draft work. Horses and Mules are raised in Jamaica. The Mineral Products are comparatively insignificant- Gold and Diamonds, of the value of about £202,500 are exported annually from British Guiana. The export of Asphalt, annually from the Pitch Lake of Trinidad is worth about £ 150.000 to that colony. Barbados exported about £1,304 worth of Manjak in 1908-9 and Trinidad to the value of £4,128 in 1909-10. It is expected that the mineral resources of Trinidad may. in the near future, become of considerable importance. On pages i-xix, notes are given on the principal products of the West Indies. These indicate the islands in which the different commodities are produced, and their approximate value. VALUE OP EXPORTS.

The relative importance of the product- of the colonies is shown in the table on the next page. The exports of sugar, molasses, and rum are given first and then the other more important exports. The predominant value of the sugar industry to the welfare of the West Indies is clearly brought out, as well as the relative position which sugar occupies in each colony or presidency. The figures given may be considered to be approximately accurate for the year 191 1. In round numbers, sugar and its by-products contribute more than £3,300.000 to a total £8.700,000 worth of produce exported, or nearly 40 per cent, of the combined agricultural and mineral productions exported from the West Indies. Th^ value of the cacao exported is about £1,400.000, some £17,000 worth being taken by Canada. The fruit industry is of considerable importance to the West Indies— particularly Jamaica, from which nearly £2,000,000 worth of produce is exported yearly— and in this direction it is worthy of notice that the value of the exports of West Indian fruits to Canada has been steadily on the increase. . .

Exports from the British West Indies.

Sugar, Other Total Exports. Colon v Ivlllll. I mport.ani I'm, in Molasses. Exports. Manul

of ( lolotiy.

915, 516

• Molail.SCUlt 56, 125 Bbitisb Guiana 7,210,19< ' i 9,4 30,248 Balatai>.. i ... i.;:;. 350 (1911-12.) I Timber, etc 95, 650

I Rice 210, 616 Trinidad and 2,181.720 Cacao i.s.-is, 352 9 ; 975,130| Tobago. Asphalt 971, (HI Bitters 156, 619 (1912.) ( 'oco-nuts 294, 134 Windward Cut ton 5, 314 Cacao Islands g 1,070, 899 Grenada Nil. Spices 62 604 1,230,099 Cotton" 60, 922 (1911.)

Arrowtoo' 194,064 St. Vincent ... 30,441 Cotton* 163,315 522,992

(1911.) Vegetables 7. 1 23

. Cacao 24,331 St. Lucia 271,221 Cacao 223,949 5 45.316 (1911.) [Cott' 125 712 j Fruit and Barbados 3,055,363 8,469,181 Vegetables 88,210 (1911.) ^Manjak 7,526 /Cotton* 24,475 933.725 Leeward Islands Fruit and -J Antigua 8S2,529 I Vegetables. 7,594 (.1910-11)

Cotton* 111,269 St. Kitts-Nevis 590,155 Salt 3,552 836,030 (1912.) rLime Dominica Nil. \ Products 309,403 477,8-10 (1910-11) ^ Cacao 114,091

{Lime Juice 35,189

, 136,675 Montserrat 7,330 Citrate of Lime 2,827 (1910-11.) Cotton* 93,350

Cattle and Virgin Islands Nil, Stock 15,830 31,728 ri9io-n.) Cotton* 13,214

Bananas 6,991,589 Coffee 739,829 Pimento 399,010

Dye-woods • 514,930

Jamaica . 1.599.917 Cacao 486,950 4,136,754 (1911.) Tobacco 184,363 (including cigars)

Total . 15,831,87$ 41,731,718*=

*Fi«ures are given for the year January 1 to December 3 , 1912. t Total for 1911; that for 1912 not yet available. * This grand total serves to indicate merely the: approximate volume u< export trade since it is compased of totals which are not strictly comparable as regards the year each represents. —[Ed. West Indies in, Canada,] Exports from British West Indies and B. Guiana to Canada.

Articles. LOU.* 1912.

$ $

Arrowroot 1,200 2,603

Asphalt 9,145 7,643

Bananas 22,120 14,495

Cacao and preparations 72,134 85,260

i Coco-nuts ... 63,801 81,751

Coffee 40,075 63,868 !

Drugs, dyes, chemicals, etc. 304 1,220

Fruits, other than those mentioned 2,706 6,465

Hides and skins other than fur 12,029 24,212

Limes and lime products 8,914 16,030

Metals and minerals, & manufactures of 1,345 2,601

Oranges and grape fruit... 50.160 60,720

Salt 11,818 20,865

Spices 31,463 . 46,272

wSpirits and wines 31,911 38,810

Sugar and molasses 8,586,279 8,956,526

Syrup 1,271,523 1,083,443

Tobacco 5,828 1,788

Vegetables 1,174 2,218

Wood, and manufactures of ... 2,152 1,107

All other articles 30,502 32,504 I

Total . 10,262.583 10,550,491

Fiscal year. Imports into British West Indies and B. Guiana from Canada.*

Articles. 1011. 1012.

9 •s

Ale, Beer, and Porter 139 160 Animals, living 8,069 11.055 Books, etc. 7,548 8, U 7

Brooms, Brushes, etc. Nil 1 5.289 — BRBADSTUFFS :

Beans 211 256 | Flour 1,900,192 1.807,309 : Oats 85.220 135,081 Grain and Grain Products other than flour, oats and beans ... 224,660 188,844

Total Breadstufks :— 2,210.283 2,131.490 i

Carriages, Automobiles, etc.. and parts of 18,146 77.300

... Coal 11,623 13,098 ; Cordage, Rope and Twine 33,267 28,669 Drugs, Dyes, Chemicals and Paints ... 125,455 139,743

Fish, and fish products ... 1,581,727 1,461,319 Fruits 1,019 1,630 Hay 12,511 17,801 Leather, and manufactures of 6,755 592 Metals and Minerals, & manufactures of 31,573 29,903 Oils 1,634 3,255 Paper and Stationery 15,4b8 14.189 Provisions (Meat, Butter, Cheese, etc.) 122. 05 6 111.381

Soap 15,758 15,928 Spirits and Wines 6.397 4,627 Sugar 854 670 Cotton andAvool manufactures 5,001 700 Tobacco 74 Nil

Vegetables ... 107,222 80,085 Woods, and manufactures of ... 323,720 352,262 Other articles 289,386 98.698 _

Total Imports 4,736,005 4.617.061

* The statistics in this, and the preceding table have been derived from the Report on the Department of Trade and Commerce of the Dominion of Canada, Part III, 1912.—[Ed. West Indies in Canada.] *

IMPERIAL DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE FOR THE WEST INDIES.

The Imperial Department of Agriculture was established on October 1, 1898, on the recommendation of the West India Royal Commission of L896-7. The cost for ten years to March 31,1908, amounting to £17,420 per annum, was provided from Imperial fuuds, after which date it was decided that the Department was to continue to be maintained for a further period of five years with gradually reduced grants from the Imperial Government. Steps have already been taken in the several Colonies concerned, to contribute local funds for the purpose of continuing the efforts of the Department on the tame lines as hitherto. This will ensure that the Department i^ maintained in an efficient condition for some years to come' During 1911 it was decided to continue the maintenance of the Central Office of the Department, from Imperial

hinds, for a further period of ten years, from April 1, 191 1. The work entrusted to the Department, is to aid in the supervision of Botanic and Experiment Stations in the West Indies, devoted to the improvement of sugar and other industries, to establish agricultural schools, the teaching of agriculture in elementary and secondary schools, and the granting of agricultural scholarships. The Head Office of the Department, with its scientific and clerical staffs, is located at Barbados as the most central situation. Sir D. Morris, K.C.M.G, for twelve years Assistant Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew, formerly Director of the Botanical Department, Jamaica, and Scientific Adviser to the West India ftoyal Commission of 1896-7, was appointed Imperial Commissioner of Agriculture on September 1, 1898, and held the office with the greatest success for ten years. On his retirement in 1908, his services were retained for advising the Secretary of State in Tropical Agriculture. The present Commissioner is Dr. Francis Watts, C.M.G. He corresponds directly upon all matters concerning the general work of the

Department with the Colonial Office ; on matters affecting Colonial establishments and expenditure he corresponds with the several Governments concerned. The Imperial Commis- sioner is in administrative charge of the Botanic and Experi- ment Stations, maintained for the distribution of economic plants, and the improvement of sugar, cacao, limes, fruit, cotton, and other crops ; also of agricultural education and of the local experimental work at Grenada, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua, St. Kitts-Nevis and the Virgin I-lands.

Mxii.lv i. .. ,i the C >loiiial 0if.ee List, 1913. —

The publications issued by the Imperial Department of Agriculture in the West Indies number about 90,000 copies

annually. The Agricultural News (Vols. I to XI) is a fortnightly popular review, with a wide circulation in the Tropics of the

Old and New Worlds. The West Indian Bulletin (Vols. I to Xll) is a quarterly scientific journal dealing specially with research and experimental work in tropical countries, in addition there are issued numerous pamphlets (73 in all) dealing

with special subjects ; also annual progress reports on Sugar- cane Experiments, the work of the Botanic Stations, and efforts to extend agricultural education in elementary and secondary schools.

The following are the principal officers on the Stall" of the Department : Imperial Commissioner of Francis Watts, C.M.G., D.Sc., Agriculture for the P.T.C., P.O. P. West Indies.

Scientific Assistant .. W. R. DlTNLOP. Entomologist ... Henry A. Ballou, M.Sc. Mycologist and Agricul- (Vacant.) tural Lecture?'. Veterinary Officer P. T. Saunders, M.R.C.V.S. Chief Clerk Alleyne Graham Howei l. Assistant Clerk murrel b. connell. Junior Clerk ... Walwyn P. Bovell. 10

WEST INDIES.

TRINIDAD.

The islands of Trinidad and Tobago form, for administrative purposes, one colony. Trinidad lies about 10 miles to the eastward of Venezuela. lt> average length is about IS miles and its average breadth about 35 miles, its area being 1,754 square miles. It may well be compared in point of size to the English county of Lan- cashire. It is about four-fifths the area of Prince Edward [sland. History.

Trinidad was discovered by Christopher Columbus on July 31. 1498. The religious zeal of Columbus at once prompted the name ' Trinidad ' when he caught a far off glimpse of the Three Sisters (peaks of Moruga, which are united at the base). Cntil then the Indian name was Iere, or land of humming birds. Ninety years after the discovery of the island, the Spaniards began their rule, and established their chief town on the site which now bears the name of St. Joseph. Soon after Sir Walter Raleigh, while leading his ill-starred 4 El Dorado' expedition, attacked and burned St. Joseph, taking upon himself the responsibility of punishing the Spaniards for their cruelty to the Indians. In 1780, a French gentleman, M. de St. Laurent, while paying a visit to Trinidad, was so charmed with the fertility of the soil that, through his representations to the Government, a Cedilla was passed which led to the settlement, in 1793, of a band of foreign agriculturists, chiefly French. From time to time African slaves were introduced, and about 1846, several Portuguese came into the country, driven from Madeira by religious persecution. In 1797 England, being then at variance with Spain, sent Sir Ralph Abercromby and Rear-Admiral Harvey to take the island. Don Chacon, the Governor, finding himself overpower- ed, surrendered without any engagement, and for more than one hundred years Trinidad has been a British Colony.

Genera I Description .

The chief town and principal port is Port of-Spain (population by the census of 1911, 59,658), situated on a gently inclined plain near ihe north-east angle of the Gulf of Paria, The port is looked upon favourably by sailors, as it

Is nut of the range of cyclones ; and progress is being made in 11 harbour construction to ensure still greater facilities. Hoth town and harbour are protected from the Atlantic trade winds by a range of hills in the vicinity, which rise to some L,900 feet above sea-level. At the base of these hills stands the Governor's residence, surrounded by the Botanic Gardens, and between it and the town there is a fine public park. 200 acres in extent. Ten miles of electric tramway and 4.0(H) miles of telephone have been constructed in Port-of-Spain and its environs. The telephone service also extends to some of the country districts. The next most important town and port is San Fernando (population in 1911 census, 8,697), about 30 miles south from Port-of-Spain. There are several rivers in the island, but none of them of any size or navigable, and all running east or west.

Of the total area of the Colony, which is estimated at about 1,195,500 acres, the alienated acreage, at the end of March 1911, was estimated to be approximately 584,797 acres. About

423,600 acres are under cultivation ; 535,203 acre^ remain ungranted. Industries and Productions.

A pitch lake, 127 acres in extent, is situated in the ward of La Brea, distant about 46 miles from Port-of-Spain. It is of considerable value, the revenue derived from it by the Gov- ernment in 1912 being £63,452, comprising Export Duty £48,201, and Royalty £15,251.

This deposit of pitch is not, as seems in the past to have been assumed by some, inexhaustible. Surveys and other available data show that the surface of the lake is steadily but slowly subsiding. It is estimated, however, that even at the present extensive rate of: asphalt extraction it will not be depleted for upwards of a century.

Manjak is becoming a fixed export of the Colony. Though no very great quantity of petroleum has as yet been exported, the existence of this mineral has been proved over the greater part of the southern portion of the island. Various companies have been formed, and several are actively engaged in drilling operations. In the following districts oil in fair quantities has been obtained : La Brea, Guapo, Erin, Guayaguayare and Montserrat. The company operating at Brighton has already exported a fair quantity of oil.

Excellent material for road -making is to be obtained from several limestone quarries in the island. In the St. Joseph and Naparima hills, strata of gypsum have been found. Mineral springs also exist in the island. There were exported in 1912: sugar 33,105 tons, and cacao 18,538 tons. The export of coco-nuts has increased steadily. In 1911 20,602,923 nuts were shipped as against 11,037,932 in 1905-6. In 1912, 3,160,210 1b. of copra was exported, and 16,305,108 coco-nuts. Au unprecedented demand for cedar forced prices up, and the value of the 1906-7 exports of timber (£57,908) exceeded that of the total of the ten previous years. In 1911 and 1912 the exports* amounted to £13,180 and £22,332 respectively. 12

Molasses, rum, bitters, crude petroleum, balata gum. fruit, manjak and asphalt are also exported.

The chief imports are textiles, Hour, rice, dried fish and hardware, machinery ami lumber. In 1911, Canada sent 70 per cent, of the total imports; this was an increase on those of the previous year. Anion.: manufactured article?, biscuits and soap of Canadian origin appear to be obtaining a secure footing. Canada took 8*2 per cent, of the total export*, her purchases of hides, chiefly of Venezuelan origin, steadily growing. At the present time, rubber is the source of much comment in the Colony, and up to now. the results have been encouraging : but the question of labour offers a difficulty not easily sur- mounted. The following figures show the approximate number of trees planted in the Colony (including Tobago): Hevea 150,000: Castilloa 020.000: Puntumia 25,000 to 30,000. Climate.

The climate of Trinidad is healthy, and by no means hurtful to Europeans, provided that they take ordinary precautions. The average rainfall for forty-nine years (1802 to 1910) was 65*41 inches. The mean temperature during the year 1910-11 was 77'9" P., the maximum being 87*9° P., in October, and the 7° minimum 07 P., in February : while the average rainfall for the whole island was 68*19 inches. August is usually the wettest month of the year while February averages the driest. The temperature is remarkably equable, ranging, generally speaking, between 70° and SS° F. The insular position of Trinidad and its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean tend to make it cooler and less liable to extreme heat, than if it were an undetached part of the Continent

Sanitary Conditions, The health of the Colony has been normal throughout the last year. The late Sir Rupert Boyee, after a thorough inspection of the eewerage system of Port of-Spain, intimated that it would serve as a model to any tropical city. TOBAGO.

Tobago* is 26 miles long and 7| at its greatest breadth and has an area of 114 square miles, or 73,313 acres, of which about 22,000 acres are under cultivation. About 15,000 acres of land were unowned, and have now been revested in the Crown. Scarborough, the principal town, is on the south side of the island, about 8 miles from the south-western point, and is situated at the south-western base of a hill, 425 feet above the level of the sea, on which stands F(iit King George, now without a garrison. The town had a population, according to the census of 1911. of 729.

Detailed in formation in regard to Tobago has been issued by the [mperial 4-1 price 1\d. post free. Ueparti ilture as Pamphlet No. ; See also Handbook of Tobago, 1913, prepared by a Committee of the Board of V;n 13

Industries and Productions.

Cacao, coco-nuts, and live stock and vegetables form the principal articles of export. Rubber has been planted fairly extensively. The first sugar exported was from an estate on the windward side of the island, in the year 1770. h\ 1780 there were only 3,000 hogsheads shipped; this was increased in 1805 to no less than 15,327 hogsheads. Cotton and indigo were formerly exported. In 1780. 2,019,000 lb, of cotton and 27,0001b. of indigo are stated to have been shipped to England. In some district-, cotton is again being grown, and it may eventually be successful. The cultivation of sugar has been practically abandoned.

Trade of Trinidad and Tobago, The total value of the imports into the Colony for the year ended December 31, 1911,* amounted to $13,255,920, of which, the United Kingdom supplied $4,925,136 or 37*2 per cent. ; the United States $3,873,221 or 29 3 per cent., and Canada $913,378 or 7 per cent. Notwithstanding the heavy handicap of an inadequate and itn punctual steamship service, the imports from Canada were $35,678 in excess of tiiose in the previous year. The principal

articles obtained from Canada were : 1911. 1912. Fish $309,494 $290,693 Flour 279,744 273,014 Oats 98,270 126,547 Grain 27,907 7,968 Cattle food 24,082 22,162 Potatoes 21,374 15,499 Lumber 29,779 61,882 The total exports of the products of the Colony for 1911 amounted in value to $9,975,130, of which the United Kingdom

took $2,471,194 or 201) per cent. ; the United States $5,018,434 or 41"8 per cent, and Canada §989,438 or 8*2 per cent. — The principal articles of export were : 1911. 1912. Cacao f...... $5,411,386 $4,838,352 Coco-nuts ...... 379,032 294,134

Copra ...... 63.667 137,885

Sugar . . ... 2,545,939 7,054,754 Molasses ...... 62,573 33,930 Rum ...... 33,384 41,275 Bitters ...... 105,241* 156,619

Fruit ...... 70,373 32,958 Asphalt ...... 927,326 1.371,011

Petroleum ...... 157,627 88,569 (crude) 13' Canada's share of the export trade fell from 1 per cent. in 1910 to 82 per cent, in 1911, because of the shortage in the

* Grand totals for 1912, not yet complete. t The fall in the exports of cacao is to be attributed to effects of drought. 14

sugar —crop caused by the severe drought. The principal exports Ave re : 1911. 1912. Sugar $842,165 $894,955 Molasse 33,706 8,280 Cacao r>7,r)()2 34,420 Coco-nuts 39,994 S8,867

The total number of vessels entered and cleared at the several port- of the Colony amounted to 4,898 with a total tonnage oi 8,657,695 tons register, the United Kingdom being credited with OS per cent, of the total tonnage.

WINDWARD ISLANDS.

GRENADA,

the islands comprising the Windward group (Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and Barbados), taken together, represent an area which is about equal in size to one-third that of Prince Edward Island.

Grenada, the most southerly of the Windward group, is mountainous and very picturesque, its ridges of hills being covered with trees and brushwood. The island abounds in streams, and in mineral and other springs. The mountains are chiefly volcanic. The Grand Etang. a lake on the summit of a mountain ridge 1,740 feet above the level of the sea, and 7 miles from the town of St. George's and Lake Antoine, both old craters, are among the most remarkable natural curiosities. Near the former a sani tarium is established.

St. George's, the principal town, has a fine harbour, and owing to its situation, healthiness, and great natural advantages, including a plentiful supply of water of the purest quality, offers exceptional inducements as a port of call and as a coaling station for steamers. The town had a population of 5,198, by the census of 1911.

The total area ol' land, exclusive of Carriacou is 76,548 acres : the area of Carriacou is 8,4 G7 acres.

Climate.

The climate in the dry season is delightful. In the wet son, as in all other tropical islands, it is damp and hot. But for six winter months, say from December to May, it is excellent, and is healthy at all times. The average annual rainfall at St. George's for the last fourteen years is 79 inches, and the highest and lowest readings of the thermometer for the last five years are 89"8° F. and 67 "8°, respectively, the average mean temperature being 188° in the shade. The rainfall in other parts of the island is much greater : at the Grand Etang, in 1908-9, it was 16868 inches. 15

The island is a useful resort for the neighbouring colony of Trinidad, and in addition to the restoring influence of the climate, it affords excellent sea-bathing.

Industries and Productions.

The prosperity of the island, like that of its neighbours, depends almost entirely upon the planting industry. Unlike the other islands, however, it has long ceased to be a sugar- producing colony, and has therefore not suffered as they have from the depreciation in the value of cane sugar : there are very few estates at present in sugar cultivation. A considerable quantity of rum is manufactured for local consumption, the total amount in 1909-10 being valued at £4,736. For 1912 the value was £8,500.

The chief product of Grenada is, and has been for some time, cacao, of which 76,256 bags, or 118,667 cwt. of the total value of £259,365, were shipped in 1910. In 1912, 62,180 bags or 101,043 cwt. of the total value of £225,317 were exported. When the above shipment is compared with those of 1885 (49,107 cwt.) and 1880,(42,154 cwt.) it will be seen that the cultivation of cacao has largely increased. Attention has been turned with some success to the cultivation of other economic plants, such for instance as coffee, kola nuts, cloves, vanilla, pepper, cardamoms and coco-nuts. Nutmeg cultivation occupies a prominent position, and is being largely developed. So general is the cultivation of spices carried on here, that Grenada is already called 'The Spice Island of the West'. The export of spices has increased from £3,483 in 1880, to £36.987 in 1912. Exports to the Dominion are at present confined, almost entirely, to cacao. Two hundred bags of this produce, of the value of £757, are recorded as having been shipped to Canada during the year 1911. Owing to the absence of direct steam communication with the Dominion, shipments of produce go through the United States. Hence, figures in this connexion are unreliable In Carriacou, the largest of the Grenadines, Marie Galante cotton is the staple product, its cultivation having never been wholly abandoned there. In 1910, cotton to the amount of 882 bales valued at £5.797, was shipped from Grenada; most of this came from Carriacou. in 1912 there were 1,265 bales exported, value £9,019. A flourishing lime industry has come into existence recently and shipments of juice to the United Kingdom in 1912 amounted to 900 gallons of the value of £127. Tropical fruit- of almost every description and of the finest quality are always abundant, and large quantities are shipped to the Barbados and Trinidad markets. The principal food resources are yams, sweet potatoes, tannias, pigeon peas, plantains, Indian corn, cassava and bread fruit. The forests produce valuable timber, such as bullet- wood, locust, mahogany, white cedar and galba ; and firewood is exported to Barbados. 16

The main imports are foodstuffs textiles, timber for building purposes, and hardware. The principal exports, besides those products mentioned ady, are cotton and cotton seed, turtles and turtle shell, hides and skin, fruit and live stock (principally goats, sheep, pigs and poultry). ST. LUCIA.

Lucia is situated at a distance of 21 miles to the north- east of St. Vincent. It is 21 miles in length, and 12 at its atest breadth: its circumference is 150 miles, and its area square miles. Castries, the capital of the island, contains a population of about 0,000. Next in importance is the town of Sout'riere, containing a population of about 2,300. Castries has an excellent harbour — probably the best in the whole West Indies. The facilities offered by the port as a port of call and coaling station are widely recognized.

General Description and Climate.

The scenery is of peculiar beauty, even as compared with that of other West India Islands, and in the neighbourhood of the Pitons, has the less common element of grandeur. These are two cone shaped rocks rising sheer out of the sea to a height of nearly 3,000 feet, and near them is the crater of a volcano and a soufriere—the ordinary characteristics of the Caribbean Cordillera. The temperature from December to April seldom exceeds 80° F , even at mid-day, in spots situated a few hundred feet above the sea, and a fresh trade wind blows continuously.

The danger from venomous reptiles is much exaggerated. Owing to the introduction and spread of the mangoose, snakes are now but rarely met with. Among white inhabitants consumption and other of the most fatal diseases of temperate climates are almost unknown.

Industries and Productions.

Sugar, cacao, limes, logwood, coco-nuts, honey and spices

' are produced. There are four sugar u sines ' with the best machinery, and the export of cacao is increasing. Limes grow well, and their cultivation is being rapidly extended and a central lime juice factory is in course of construction. Lime juice and green limes already figure in the exports, and the lime industry promises to become a most important one in the near future. Other products for the growth of which the soil and climate have proved suitable are cotton, vanilla, oranges, and grape fruit. In addition to the large variety of native provisions, which flourish in the island, many European vegetables are successfully grown, some appearing regularly in the local markets.

A considerable amount of land is in the possession of the Crown and may be purchased in small or large lots at £1 17

per acre, payable by yearly instalments of 5s M and in the event of a certain area being put into perraament cultivation before the date due for the last instalment, that instalment may be remitted. Under the Crown Lands Regulations, the period over which (in certain cases) the payment of the purchase money may be spread is ten years. Some of this land is virgin forest of great fertility, and will grow any kind of tropical fruit trees or industrial plants.

Fuller information concerning St. Lucia is given in Pamphlet No. 69, Hints to Settlers in St. Lucia, issued by the Imperial Department of Agricultural for the West Indies.

This is an illustrated Handbook, price Qd., post free 7^d. ; obtainable from the Office of the Colonial Secretary, St. Lucia, and from the agents for the sale of the publications of the Imperial Department of Agriculture.

Trade ol St. Lucia.

Chief Exports prom St. Lucia, 1912.

Sugar, rum and molasses $328,492 Cacao 206,874 Total Exports (Figures not yet available.) (Produce and manufacture of Colony.)

Chiep Exports from St. Lucia to Canada 1912.

Cacao ... $ 639 Coco-nuts ...... 27

Hides and skins ...... 3,119 Spices Sugar and Molasses 41,652 Honey Hoofs and Horns Beeswax

Total $45,437

Shipping.

The figures below show the tonnage entered and cleared at Port Castries, which slightly exceed the figures for Montreal and Halifax in 1911. Entered. Cleared. 174,385 1,746,185

Coaling Trade.

Coal and fresh water are supplied with great celerity day

and night from alongside the wharves : 585 steamers took 134,783 tons of bunker coal. Fresh water to the amount of 3,307,804 gallons was supplied to the shipping at a cost of £2,438. 15s. 6c?. 18

ST. VINCENT.

St. Vincent is 18 miles in length and 11 in breadth, and contains about 85,000 acres of land. Adjacent to the island are so\ oral islets known as the St. Vincent Grenadines, the chief being Beqnia, Union, Mustique, Canouan and Mayreau.

The population of the Colony on April 2, 1911, was 41,877. Kingstown, the capital, is situated at one side of an extensive bay, at the south-western extremity of the island, and has a population of about 4,300.

General Description.

The island possesses striking natural features, and rivals Dominica and Grenada in the beauty of its scenery. A back- bone of high mountains runs throughout its length, which terminates at the northern end in the remarkable inactive 1 Soufriere ' volcano. Numerous spurs radiate from the mountains, in between which are fertile and well-watered valleys. The southern and western coasts are fringed by excellent deep-water bays. Climate.

In the dry season, December to June, the climate is very pleasant. In the wet season, and especially from August to November, it is hot, but not at all unhealthy, and fever is almost unknown. Taken altogether, St. Vincent is one of the healthiest islands in the West Indies. The average rainfall for the last nineteen years, measured at the Botanic Station near Kingstown, is 10567 inches; during the year 1911, 8711 inches were recorded, but this was an exceptional fall. The highest reading of the thermometer in 1912 was 90° F., aud the lowest 68° F.; the mean monthly temperature in the shade was 78° F.

Industries and Productions.

Sea Island cotton, arrowroot, cacao, and sugar and cassava are the chief products. The cotton (Sea Island) is the finest produced in the world, and as high a price as 60c. per lb. has been realized for the best marks during the past two seasons. Owing to the abundant supply of pure water the arrowroot manufactured is of excellent quality, aud efforts are being made by the Arrowroot Growers' and Exporters' Association to extend the markets for this excellent commodity by means of advertisement in Canada and other countries. The manufacture of arrowroot and cassava starches and meals would be capable of considerable extension, provided remunerative markets for the products could be found. The cultivation of the other products named is being extended, and attention given to the raising of stock and ground provisions for export to neighbouring colonies. With improved steamship facilities, a considerable amount of fruit could be shipped to Canada and the United Kingdom. 19

Portions of Crown lands which hitherto remained unculti-

vated have been sold to the peasantry for small holdings ; besides, several estates have been purchased by the Government with the aid of an Imperial grant, and allotted for a similar purpose.

Export Trade of St. Vincent with Canada.

Exports to Canada, 1910, 1911 and 1912.

>> >> +3 1910. 1911. +3 1912.

Articles. Value. "a Value. 1 Value. Quant eg

lb. tb. lb.

Arrowroot 44,104 1,200 59,600 1,699 44,133 2,603

galls. galls. galls.

Molasses 42,968 9,720 14,365 2,707 1,144 2,295

lb. It). lb.

Sugar, Crystal- lized ... 312,500 7,498 261,500 9,058 nil nil

Sugar, Musco- vado ... 176,578 4,800 387,U2 13,642 308,002 9,520

galls. galls. i galls.

Syrup 1,808 360 nil nil 20 BARBADOS.

Situation and A rea.

Barbados is situated in latitude 13° 4' north, and longitude 50 37 west, and is the most easterly of the Caribbee Islands. It is nearly 21 miles long by 14 wide, and contains an area of 106, 170 acres, or about 160 square miles.

History.

The exact date of the discovery of Barbados is not known. It is said to have been first visited, by the Portuguese, who, finding it uninhabited and rude in appearance, named the island Los Barbados, from the number of bearded fig-trees which they found. It was nominally taken possession of by the English ship Olive in 1605, when it was almost uninhabited. In 1625 Sir William Courteen, a London merchant, under the protection of the Earl of .Marlborough, who held a grant of the island from James I. fitted out two large ships, only one of which arrived at Barbados, and the party, which consisted of some thirty persons, landed on the leeward side of the island, formed a town called James's or (Hole) Town, and appointed Captain William Deane the Governor, In 1029, the Earl of Carlisle obtained a grant from Charles I of all the Caribbee Islands. This grant was opposed by the former patentee, Lord Marlborough, but the matter was compromised on the Earl of Carlisle agreeing to settle on the Earl of Marlborough an annuity of £300. Soon after this, the Earl of Carlisle being employed on a diplomatic mission, the Earl of Pembroke, then Lord Chamberlain, obtained a revocation of the former nobleman's patent in his favour and supported Sir W. Courteen; but on the Earl of Carlisle's return from his embassy, he remonstrated with the King who reinstated him in possession of the territory. Wolferstone, a native of Bermuda, was then commissioned by the Earl of Carlisle as Governor, and in 1628 sixty-four settlers arrived at Carlisle Bay, commenced the erection of wooden houses, threw a bridge across the river which intersected the ground and laid the foundation of Bridgetown, the present capital. The Leeward and Windward men opposed each other, the latter ultimately triumphing. The civil war which raged in England contributed to people and enrich the island ; and on the downfall of Charles I many families attached to the Royal cause found shelter in Barbados. The island was afterwards governed by Lord Willoughby, a Royalist to whom it was conveyed by Lord Carlisle, son of the first patentee ; but when it was subdued by the Common- wealth, he was banished. In 1662, after the Restoration, Lord Willoughby renewed his claim, and the kinsmen and heirs of the two earls brought forward demands on the settlers. To satisfy these claims a duty of 4^ per cent, on all exports was imposed ; and under certain conditions the proprietary government was dissolved, and the sovereignty of Barbados annexed to the British Crown. The inhabitants long protested against the imposition of the 4^ percent, duties but without success, and it was not until 1838, four years alter the abolition of slavery, that the tax was abolished by an Act of Parliament. —

Barbados has not, like most of the neighbouring islands,

changed owners ; it has always remained in the possession of Great Britain. General Description.

Bridgetown, the chief town and port, is situated in the parish of St. Michael, in latitude 13° 5' 42" north, and longitude 59° 30' west. This town contains, according to the census of April 1911, 16,649 inhabitants. Speightstown, the only other town, has about 2,100 inhabitants.

Carlisle Bay, the harbour of Barbados,' is an open roadstead much exposed to the wind from the south and south-west. There is an inner harbour or careenage, protected by a structure called the Mole Head. It is a port of registry, and had registered on December 31, 1911, seventy-four vessels of a total net tonnage of 18,416.

The island is almost encircled by coral reefs, which in some parts, as off the parish of St. Philip, extend nearly 3 miles to seaward, and prove very dangerous to navigation.

The greater portion of the island is of coral formation, with the exception of the north-east portion known as the Scotland district, which is partly euclosed by a semi-circular sweep of a ridge of hills, and is composed of sandstones, clays, and infusorial earth. In this district manjak, a pure variety of asphaltum, and crude petroleum oil, are found. These two substances have been exploited and a recent survey in 1913 has definitely predicted the presence of oil in workable quantities in several localities. Water-Supply.

Barbados possesses an abundant and unique water-supply. The water, which percolates through the coral, is pumped from a great depth and conveyed by means of pipes all over the island, up to a height of 900 feet above sea-level. Industries,

The chief articles planted for exportation for some years after the settlement of the island were indigo, cotton, ginger and

aloes, besides several kinds of woods ; the manufacture of sugar does not appear to have been practised with much success until about the middle of the 17th century, when the cultivation of the sugar-cane increased rapidly, and the plant became of commercial importance— the island's most valuable production. At that period, too, the introduction of African labour was commenced. In 1910, there were 332 sugar-works in operation. The produce has been as follows : Hogsheads of Sugar. Puncheons of Molasses. 1906 57,863 ... 61,398 1907 37,572 ... 62,112 1908 35,832 ... 54,428 1909 17,795 ... 69,036 1910 30,899 ... 77,722 1911 30,543 ... 84,887 1912 28,732 ... 85,063 22

The area under the different cultivations is estimated at 00,000 acres. In September 1898, the island in common with St. Lucia and St. Vincent suffered severely from the effects of a disastrous hurricane, when £40,000 was remitted from Eng- land to Barbados as her share of the Mansion House Fund.

Cotton. The first of the recent experiments in cotton-growing was started in 1902, when 16 acres was sown. From then, the area was gradually increased until 1907, when 7,194 acres was planted. Since then, however, owing to the decrease in prices and the attacks of insect pests and fungus diseases, the area has been gradually reduced until in 1909 only 4,121 acres was planted. In 1910, however, on account of improved prices for cotton lint, the area planted was increased to 4,741 acres. At the beginning of the industry, the British Cotton Growing Associa- tion rendered assistance to Barbados by the loan of six gins, a baling press, and a disintegrator oufit, as well as by a money grant of £100. The first factory erected very soon proved to be too small for the requirements of the cotton-planting com- munity, and a larger one, to which an oil plant has since been added, was erected by the Barbados Co-operative Cotton Factory, Ltd., which had taken over from the Government the small factory it had erected when the industry was in its initial stage. There is also a cotton ginnery and oil plant operated by Messrs. Ernest Thorne, Ltd., of Bridgetown. The total export of Sea Island cotton from Barbados for the year 1911-12 was 740,269 lb. of lint, of the estimated value of £43,182. During the calendar year 1912, Barbados produced

415,887 ft. of the estimated value of £26,190.

Population.

The population of the island taken, in April 1911, has been returned at 171,982— a decrease since 1891, when the population was 183,306. This decrease is due mainly to the fact that a number of persons, chiefly of the labouring class, attracted by the offer of high wages, have emigrated to Colon to work on the Panama Canal, and to Brazil to work on the Madeira-

Mamore Railway ; and to the fact that a number of the servant class and others have emigrated to the United States and Canada, Currency and Banking.

The Banks doing general business in Barbados are the Colonial Bank, with a paid up capital of £600,000 sterling, and the Royal Bank of Canada, which has recently established a branch in the island. In regard to the latter institution, new and larger offices are now in course of construction. The total number of branches of the Colonial Bank throughout the West Indies is thirteen, with deposits of about £1 500,000, and a note circulation (five dollar notes) of £350,000. In Barbados, the estimated circulation is about £30,000. ^The Royal Bank of Canada has branches in Jamaica and Trinidad, and the capital of this is $6,200,000. 23

There is also a Sugar Industry Agricultural Bank which was started in 1906 with the grant of £80,000, made to Barbados by the Imperial Government in 1902, to assise the planters in tiding over the losses incurred in the sugar industry in that year. With this money as a guarantee fund, the Directors boYrow money to advance to the sugar planters for the cultivation of their estates. This, however, is done through the Colonial Bank. There is a Government Savings Bank, which had, on March 31, 1912, deposits amounting to £135,966—an increase of £10,182 over those of the previous year.

Internal Communication.

The Barbados Light Railway runs from Bridgetown to St. Andrew, with a length of 24 miles, passing through the parishes of St. Michael, St. George, Christ Church, St. Philip, and the lower parts of St. John, St. Joseph and St. Andrew.

. There is a daily service of trains, and special trains when required. There is also an efficient tramway service for Bridgetown and its suburbs, extending also to St. Lawrence, Christ Church. There is telephonic communication between the police stations by 47 miles of line, which is open to the public use on the payment of a fee. The Barbados Telephone Company, Limited —a private company— has a total of about 850 services with a total length of line in use of about 1,800 miles. Mail Services.

The Royal Mail Steamers arrive at, and leave, Barbados every alternate week, from and to England. The usual length of the voyage is about eleven and a half days. Besides the Royal Mail, a steamer of the Leyland or the Harrison Line arrives every week from Liverpool. Messrs. Scrutton, Son & Company's Direct Line from London arrives twice a month, and Messrs. Prentice, Service & Henderson's Direct Line from Glasgow every three weeks. The Quebec Line steamers arrive fortnightly from the United

States ; the Booth Line calls at Barbados on its voyage from New York to Brazil, and vice versa, at intervals of about twelve

days ; the Lamport and Holt Line has its regular passenger steamers calling at Barbados from Brazil for New York, and vice versa, about the middle and end of each month, and in addition, the Lloyd-Brazileiro Line calls at Barbados to and from New York monthly. The Danish steamers of the East Asiatic Company, West India Line, have a monthly service from Copenhagen, Rotterdam and London to St. Thomas, the Windward Islands, Barbados, Trinidad, Demerara, Surinam, and return. The Royal Dutch West India Mail boats call fortnightly on their way from New York to Demerara and Paramaribo, and vice versa. Messrs. Pickford & Black's steamers run every twelve days between St. John, N. B., or Halifax, N. S., and the West Indies. These steamers call at Barbados on both the southward and northward journeys. The Central American Line (Navigazione Italiana a Vapoi e) runs between Europe and Colon, calling at Barbados, Trinidad, etc. 24

There is a station of the West India and Panama Telegraph Company in Barbados, and direct cable communication with St Vincent, and thence to the other West Indies, America and Europe. Definite action is being taken by the Government in regard to the establishment of a wireless station. Education.

A Government system of Elementary Education was established in 1850, and was considerably extended and improved in 1S78. At present, an annual expenditure of £14,640, the vote on the Estimates for this year, is allowed for the purpose. The central administration is vested in a board appointed by the Governor, and the local control exercised by the clergyman of the district, or minister of a denomination, assisted by a school committee. There are 166 schools, with 16,314 scholars (average attendance), and 28,050 on the rolls.

Barbados is the only colony in the West Indies where an internal University course can be taken, Codrington College being affiliated to Durham University. Its students are eligible for all degrees and licences without the expense of travelling to England. From its two first-grade schools, Harrison College and the Lodge School, boys have frequently won open scholarships at the English universities. Harrison College in Bridge- town has a staff of eight university men as masters. The Lodge School in St. John's parish is on a smaller scale, but of equal standing, and being situated on the windward side of the island is more particularly intended, and well equipped, for boarders. There are four Barbados Scholarships, established by the Education Board and endowed by the Colony each of the annual value of £175, tenable at an English University, or at an Agricultural or Technical College in Europe or America, for four years. There are also four Island Scholarships of the annual value of £40 each, provided by the Government, tenable at Codrington College for two years.

Constitution.

The Colony possesses representative institutions, but not responsible government. The Crown has only a veto on legislation, but the Home Government retains the appointment and control of public officers. The Government consists of a Governor, a Legislative Council, composed of nine members appointed by the King, and a House of Assembly, having twenty-four members elected annually on the basis of a moderate franchise. The qualifications of members and electors are regulated by a Franchise Act, which became law in April 1884, and which repeals all previous legislation on the subject. By this Act, a liberal extension of the franchise was granted. The Executive Council consists of the Governor, the Colonial Secretary, the Attorney General, ex officio, and such other persons as may be appointed by the King, and the executive functions of the Government are vested in a committee composed of the members of the Executive Council, one member of the Legislative Council, and four members of the —

House of Assembly nominated by the Governor. This body is called the Executive Committee, and introduces all money votes, prepares the estimates, and initiates all Government measures Barbados as a Health Resort

As long ago as 1848, Sir Robert Schomburgk wrote in his

History of Barbados :

' It is much to be wondered at that European physicians who are acquainted with the even temperature and absence of chilling blasts, do not recommend Barbados as a sojourn for invalids labouring under pulmonary disease?. The splendid steam packets which now touch at Barbados every fortnight from Southampton render an expeditions intercourse with England quite certain. The mode of living is perhaps cheaper in Barbados than in any other island in the West Indies, and the dwellings combine so many English comforts, as far as they could be adopted in a tropical country, that if it were not for the palm trees which surround them, and the balmy air in " January and February, when we know that nature at " home lies in the very grasp of winter, we should be inclined to ask ourselves — " Are we in England or in a foreign clime?" The roads for carriage drives are excellent. The advantages for sea-bathing are an additional recommendation. But the greatest advantage to be derived from a residence in Barbados is the even, dry temperature, different from the climate of Madeira and the Azores, which is moist and exceedingly variable in its temperature.'

All that he then said remains true. Barbados is the most windward of the Antilles, and catches the first and freshest breezes from the Atlantic borne over 3,000 miles of ocean. The trade winds blow regularly from November to May and temper the tropical heat down to a delicious and agreeable warmth. Barbados indeed possesses a climate unique within the tropics, and is constantly resorted to by enervated workers in Demerara, Trinidad, and South America, while many Americans, of late years, have taken to spending some of the winter months in the island. The number of English tourists has largely increased recently owing to the facilities and capital arrangements offered by the Royal Mail Company. Visitors to this island find excursions to the other islands a matter of easy achievement, the length of time between the mails affording adequate opportunities for visiting and explor- ing the places of attraction and scenes of picturesque charm in which every West Indian isle abounds. Information regarding the steamship lines, which afford communication between Barbados and New York, St. John's and Halifax, England, Europe, South America and other West Indian Islands will be found on page 47. There are several well-equipped, modern hotels in the island principally on the southern, south-eastern and eastern coasts, where ample accommodation may be found by visitors. 26

Total Revenue and Expenditure op Barbados for Five Years.

L908-9. 1! K)9 -10. 1910-11. 1911-12. 1912-13.

£ £ e Revenue 189,803 195,803 213,298 221,906 234,126

Expenditure I9S.S65 199,625 21 1,949 215,697 23(1,340

Surplus — — 1,349 6,209 3,788

Deficit 9,060 3,822 — — —

Trade of Barbados.

Total Value of Imports and Exports for Five Years.

190S. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912.

6 £ £ Imports J. 225 ,869 1,119,343 1.345.193 1.539,710 1,465,431

Exports 948,177 888,086 1,088,829 1,035,931 1,085,569

Total value of trade 2,174,046 2,(H>7,429 2,424,022 2,545,641 2,551,020

Chief and Subsidiary Exports from Barbados to Canada.

(Produce and Manufactures of the Colony.)

CHIEF PRODUCTS.

Article. Quantity. Value.

1911. 1912. 1911. 1912.

£221,499 £263.469 Molasses 53,916 pun. 56.507 pun. ($1,062,955) ($1,264,651) £201 131 £261,941 Sugar 21,101 hhd. 23,655 1.1.'!. (5965,429) ($1,256,261

SUBSIDIARY PRODUCTS, 1911.

Article. Value.

Hides and skins £70 $336

Rum 19 91

Vegetables fresh 39 187 St

LEEWARD ISLANDS* ANTIGUA.

Antigua is about 54 miles in circumference, and its area is 108 square miles— about half the size of Middlesex. It is the seat of Government of the Colony of the Leeward Islands. The islands of Barbuda (population 871) and Redonda (population 120) are dependencies of Antigua. They have a total area of 62 J square miles. The total population of Antigua and dependencies is about 35,265, according to the census of 1911. St. John's, the chief town, has a population, of 9,262. The other town is Parham.

There are no rivers and few springs in Antigua, and it consequently suffers during drought. The islands are less mountainous than most of the other members of the Leeward Islands group ; in the south there is a low mountain range of volcanic origin, the highest point of which is Boggy Peak— 1,300 feet. The average rainfall for the period 1874-1912 is 4447 inches. The climate is healthy, and during the winter months very pleasant; in 1911, the highest maximum temperature recorded was 90° F.; the lowest minimum was 62° F.; while the mean average temperature at 9 a.m. was 81*4° F.

Industries and Productions.

The principal exports are sugar and molasses ; the average annual production ranges from 12,000 to 15,000 tons. Formerly only muscovado sugar was made, but during recent years considerable advances have been effected in methods of manufacture. This antiquated and wasteful method has been partially replaced by the modern central factory system. There are now two central sugar factories m the island, the larger of which has recently been considerably extended ; they are capable together of turning out some 9,000 tons of grey crystal sugar per annum. The total sugar export of 1912 amounted to 11,690 tons, of which 7,503 tons was crystals and 4,187 tons muscovado sugar. Among subsidiary industries, the growing of Sea Island cotton takes first place. Owing to the bad seasons and insect pests the industry received a severe check during the period 1907-9, but is now recovering.

The cultivation of limes is assuming increasing importance and some attention is being directed to coco-nuts. Other minor industries comprise the growing of onions and pine-apples. The total area of land at present under cultivation amounts to 18,475 acres.

*The total area of the Leeward Islands is equal to a little over half that of Prince Edward Island, 28

Chief Exports from Antigua to Canada.

(Produce and Manufactures of the Island.)

Quantity. Value.

Product. 1911. 1912. 1911. 1912.

Tamarinds in syrup ..o s HI!) $ 6,206

Onions 1,877 4.401

Limes and Lime juice 2,395 5,544

Sugar (Muscovado) 1,572 tons 1,187 bons 301,752 167, 176

Sugar (Crystals) ... 6,206 tons 7,503 tons 314,894 477,638

Molasses 4/24!) pun. 5,267 pun. 61,186 88,483

ST. KITTS-NEVIS.

This Presidency consists of the islands of St. Christopher (St. Kitts). Nevis and Anguilla, with their several dependencies. The total population was 43,303 by the census of 1911, and the total area is about 150 square miles.

ST. KITTS.

The total length of St. Kitts is about 23 miles. The total area is 68 square miles. The capital, Basseterre, has a population of about 10,000.

NEVIS.

This island, which is divided into five parishes, is of a nearly circular form ; its area is about 50 square miles, or about 32,000 acres, of which about 16,000 acres are fit for cultivation.

Charlestown, the principal town of Nevis, lies along the shore of a wide bay and the mountain begins to rise immediately behind it. It has a population of about 1,500. The population of Nevis— 12,945— largely consists of peasant proprietors. ANGUILLA.

Anguilla is 16 miles in length, and varies in breadth from

3 to 1 \ miles ; it contains an area of 35 square miles.

The island is healthy, but suffers from want of an adequate water-supply. The population is computed at 4,075. -

Climate of the Presidency.

The climate, for a tropical one, is decidedly healthy. The highest temperature in the shade is about 88° F., the lowest 29

60 BY, and fche average aboul 7'.) The rainfall for the year 1011 was U3-09 inches al tit.' Botanic Station, St. Kills.

Industries and Productions of the Presidency of SI. Kilb<-Ncvis.

Tobacco was al first the principal crop grown, but it soon losl ics pre-eminence, and the main industries of the two larger islands are now the production of sugar, molasses and rum, and the growing of Sea Island cotton. About 16,000 acres are in sugar-cane cultivation and IJMi) in cotton. The cane products exported from the Presidency during 11)11 amounted to 11,456 tons of sugar, of which 11,257 tons was muscovado sugar and 199 tons crystals; during 1910-11, 191 puncheons of rum were

">-"> exported. During 1912, 10 1 tons of sugar were shipped, of which 6,468 tons was muscovado sugar and l,08f> tons crystals. A modern central sugar factory has recently been erected near Basseterre, St. Kitts, capable of making 8,000 tons of grey crystal sugar ; this is in addition to those already existing in Antigua, mentioned above. The event marks an important advance in the history of the sugar industry of the Presidency of St. Kitts-Nevis. The production of Sea Island cotton was

663,726 lb , of the value of £12,821. Arrowroot, coffee, ground nuts. and vegetables are also grown in small quantities for local consumption. Successful experiments have been performed in the growing of tobacco and cacao, and the prospects are encouraging. Cattle,.horses and small mules are raised. Salt is produced in St. Kitts and Anguilla, and to the latter island, the cultivation of Sea Island cotton is of considerable value. Botanic and experiment stations are administered under the general direction of the Imperial Department of Agriculture in both St. Kitts and Nevis, where agricultural experiments are carried out, and advice is given on all agricultural questions. DOMINICA.

Dominica* lies between the French Islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, is separated from each by about 30 miles of water, and has an area of 291 square miles.

The island is very mountainous and picturesque. There are many thermal, chalybeate, sulphur, and other medicinal springs in the island, which is volcanic ; and on the Grande Soufriere Hills there is a geyser, or boiling lake, at an elevation of 2,300 feet. Imray's view, the culminating peak of the Diablotin range, is the highest land, from the Spanish Main to the Greater Antilles. The island abounds in rivers well stocked with fish, and there is a plentiful supply of water power. The average rainfall during 1912, for thirty-four stations in

the islands was 98*91 inches ; the distribution of the rainfall is indicated by the following averages: twelve Leeward Coast Stations 69*75, three Wind ward Coast Stations 95*94, thirteen Inland Stations 13571 inches.

* For furth> r information in regard to this island, reference should be made to the Pamphlet Sotea on Dominica, and Hints to /Settlers, issued by

the Government of Dominica, 1909 ; price tid., post free lid. 80

The chief town, Roseau, which is lighted by electricity, had a population of 6.577 in 101 J, that of the whole island being 363. Industries and Production*.

It is estimated that about 130,000 acres in the island are at present uncultivated.

Much of this was at one time under coiTee. but ' blight' and the marauding of the maroons led to the abandonment of many estates, while the depreciation of sugar has still further reduced the area of cultivation. The soil is rich and the climate healthy, and the island is well adapted to the cultivation of coffee, cacao, tea. limes, nutmegs, spices, and tropical fruits of all kinds. Cacao, lime juice, and fruit are the chief products; sugar, formerly the staple industry has ceased to be exported, for in many crop seasons only just sufficient is manufactured to satisfy local requirements. A considerable trade is carried on also in spices, oils, and timber.

The principal exports for the years 1911 and 1912 were: —

1911 1912. Lime juoe, concentrated, Lime juice, concentrated, 131,506 gallons, valued at £ 23,014 141,418 gallons valued at £ 38,862 Cacao, 10,055 cwt. valued at 21,703 Cacao, 11,877 cwt. valued at 26,327 Citrate of lime, 5,926 cwt. Citrate of lime, 3,910 cwt valued at 19,259 valued at 11,991 Limes, 36,520 barrels valued Limes, 37,038 barrels valued at 14,608 at 14,815 Lime juice, raw, 311,377 gal- Lime juice, raw, 508,766 gallons, valued at ...... 10,379 lons, valued at ...... 25,438 Lime oil, distilled, 5,472 gal- Lime oil, distilled, 4,150 gal-

lons valued at ... 3,283 lons valued at ...... 1,816 Lime oil, ecuelled. 892 gallons Lime oil, ecuelled. 1,062 gal

valued at 2,118 Ions valued at ...... 3,018 Oranges, 1,803 barrels valued Oranges, 2,780 barrels valued

at ...... 1,156 at 1.779 Lime juice, cordial. 10,650 Lime juice cordial, 5,160 gal- gallons valued at ...... 95 A lons valued at ...... 462

- Coco-nuts, 402 622 valued at 839 Coco-nuts, 53,979 valued at 1,687 Bay leaves, 590 cwt. valued at 634 Bay leaves, 207 cwt, valued at 931 Hardwood, 31,272 feet valued Hardwood. 1,102,804 feet at 293 valued at 11,488 Limes, piokled, 711 barrels Limes, pickled, 724 barrels valued at 267 valued at 271

Of late years Dominica has undergone considerable development, and now that arrangements have been made for insurance against hurricanes, it offers an excellent opening for the investment of capital or as a field for enterprising settlers. Many European settlers with capital have, opened up cultiva- ting in the interior.

Rubber is being planted ; it grows well, and yields a product that has been pronounced by experts in. London as equal in quality to the best Ceylon rubber, A cassava starch factory has been lately started in the island. There are over 100,000 acres of land covered with forest, and two companies are now developing a trade in timber. 31

There is a telephone service throughout the island, and a comfortable steamer of the Royal Mail Company runs round the coast. MONTSERRAT.

Montserrat is situated 27 miles from Antigua, and is about 11 miles in length and 7 miles at the broadest part. Its total area is 32£ square miles.

It is of volcanic formation, and very picturesque, being very rugged and mountainous, The hills are covered with forest, the highest elevation being Soufriere Hill (3,000 feet) in the southern part of the island. The cultivated land is mainly on the western and south-western sides.

Plymouth, the chief town, with a population of 1,4(31, is on an open roadstead on the south-west coast. Good roads extend to different parts and there are several medicinal springs. The water-supply is excellent.

Industries and Productions.

The cultivation of sugar-cane, once the staple industry of the island, has declined to such an extent that cotton and limes now form the chief industries. Of the former, which ranks as the staple crop, 2,000 acres may be said Do be under cultivation, and the quantity of lint exported in 1911 amounted to

541,607 IT), of a value of £38,629. and in 1912 to 314,924 R)., valued at £21,054, and cotton seed to the value of £926, Only the Sea Island type of cotton is grown. The development of the industry has been very rapid, as initial experiments were only carried out in 1901.

The lime industry is next in importance. The area under cultivation in limes is about 1,200 acres, and this is being gradually extended. The exports of lime products for the year

1910-11 were as follows : raw lime juice, 107,811 gallons value

£54,903 ; concentrated lime juice, 6,270 gallons value £1,447; citrate of lime 400 cwt., of a total value £589. For 1912 the

exports of lime products were as follows : raw lime juice, 80,659 gallons value £5,169; concentrated lime juice, 4,877 gallons value

£770 ; and citrateof lime, 854 cwt. valued at £1,154. Citrate of lime is now exported instead of concentrated juice. There is also a small export trade in green limes neatly put up in packages containing about 250.

Arrowroot is prepared on approved methods, and fair

* quantities of the drug papain are exported ; of the former

23,957 5>., of the value £301 was exported in 1910-11, and 3, 130 lb., (value £1,640) of the latter. Essential oils —including bay oil, otto of limes, and distilled lime oil and coffee, cacao, onions and pine-apples, are also exported on a limited scale.

There is also a flourishing Fruit Preserving Company, which is doing an increasing trade in guava jelly, and preserved pine-apples, litnas, tamarinds, mangoas, and other tropical fruits 82

The cultivation of coffee and cacao has declined to such an extent that scarcely enough for home consumption is now grown. As regards live stock, asses cattle and mules arc raised. During 1912, were exported 171 cattle, valued at £2,294. Small stock, hides and skins are also shipped from the Presidency.

( 'limate.

The island is considered to be the most healthy of the Antilles. The average rainfall in 1912 was 41 o3 inches (average of 17 stations') and the mean temperature is about 80° P. There is no malaria in the island. THE VIRGIN ISLANDS.

The Virgin Islands are a large group of islands lying to the eastward of Porto Rico, from which the nearest, St. Thomas, is distant about 40 miles. It has been customary to include Culebra and Viequez with the Virgin Islands, but they really belong to Porto Pico. Of the true Virgin Islands the largest are St. Croix, St. Thomas. St. Jan. and Tortola. The three first-named belong to Denmark. Tortola and Virgin Gorda are the largest of the islands in the possession of Great Britain. Of the 5,600 inhabitants of the British Virgin Islands, about 1,250 are living in Tortola. the remainder being scattered among Anegada. Virgin Gorda, .lost van Dykes, and some of the smaller islands.

The seat of Government is Road Town, Tortola, which has a population of 410. The bulk of the people are scattered about, there being practically nothing in the way of village life. General Description. The islands are very picturesque, the clusters of islets with the deep blue of the sea between them making lovely contrasts. Much of the water is well protected and affords fine facilities for boating and fishing. The islands generally are rugged, and rise abruptly from the sea. The inhabitants are largely sea-faring people. Many of the young men become cargo men on steamers trading from St. Thomas. There isalso an annual migration of men to the sugar- estates of San Domingo. The people, as a whole, are intelli- gent, independent, and self-reliant. They are quite distinct from the inhabitants of the other West Indian Islands.

Climate.

by the trade The Islands are constantly swept winds ; these temper the heat very considerably. The extreme ranges of shade temperature are about 65 ° to 90 ° F. The climate from November to April is cool and agreeable. The air is comparatively dry, and there is little endemic fever, the Islands being considered very healthy for the tropics. With suitable facilities for the accommodation of tourists the-e Islands would form good winter health resorts. The average annual rainfall is about 55 inches. Industries and Productions

The land is almost entirely in the hands of the peasant-

There are no properties run on estate lines : a few are worked on the metayer system. This system is wasteful, and im poverishes the land. There are about ten sugar-cane mills of

very primitive type, in Tortola : these are worked by animal power. A small mill of modern type, worked by an oil engine, has been erected recently at the Experiment Station. The whole of the sugar made in the island is consumed local ly and is insufficient to supply the local market. Since 1903, the cotton industry has been revived and has attained a position of considerable importance. Cotton to the value of £3,097 was exported in 1911. During 1912, £2,753 worth was shipped. Limes grow well in Tortola, and efforts are now being made to established a lime industry. Cacao thrives in the more sheltered valleys and should prove remunerative, if planted with care.

There is a considerable export trade, of cattle, small stock, fruits and vegetables to the Danish Islands. These products are all raised on small holdings by peasant proprietors, and are in many cases taken to St. Thomas by the producers, the small holders being often owners or part owners of small sailing craft. The agricultural methods, if they can be called methods, are primitive in the extreme : the hoe is practically the only agricultural implement in use. The Islands are undoubtedly capable of very considerable development. Geologicallj', the Virgin Islands appear to belong to the Greater Antilles. At Virgin Gorda there are quantities of quartz-bearing mineral ores. A copper mine was worked there about the middle af the nineteenth century. Gold is also know to exist in the Islands, but whether in paying quantities is not ascertained.

JAMAICA.

Jamaica is the largest of the British West Indies, being 144 miles in length, and 50 in extreme breadth, and containing about 4,207 square miles —about half the size of Wales, or twice the size of Prince Edward Island. The population, according to the census of 1911, was 831,383.

General Description.

The island is very mountainous, the main ridge running east and west, with numerous subsidiary ridges, some parallel to the main ridge, others spreading out in a north-western and south-eastern direction from it, terminating in the famous Blue Mountains in the East, the highest peak being 7,360 feet high There are numerous rivers and streams, with a rapid fall, for the most part, and not navigable. The largest are the Black River, in the south-west, and the Rio Grande, in the north-east. 34

Kingston, the capital, with a population of 57,379 in 1911, is situated on the south coast of the island, and has a fine harbour. It was badly damaged by a severe earthquake on January 14, 1907. It is estimated that about 1,090 lives were lost, and damage reaching two million pounds done to buildings, etc.

It is estimated that Jamaica contains 2.692,480 acres, from which may be deducted 80,000 acres as useless lor agriculture, consisting chiefly of swamps, rocks, and inaccessible lands, leaving 2,612,400 acres available for cultivation. Of this $94,638 are returned as under cultivation in 1910. The dependencies (Turks and Caicos Islands, and Cayman Islauds) have an area of 80 square miles. Climate.

There is a great variety of climate ; the mean temperature of Kingston is 78*1 ° F., rising to 87*8° in the daytime, and falling to 70*7" at night. As the temperature falls about 1° for every 300 feet of ascent, it is possible, in a few hours, to reach in the central range of mountains, a cool and delightful climate. From Kingston, the capital, a change of 10° or 15° in temperature can be attained by a ride of three hours. The rainy seasons occur generally, and over the whole of the i.-laiid, in May and October, and las*j for about three weeks ; but besides these heavy and periodical rainfalls, the ground is refreshed by continual showers, and in the north-eastern portion of the island there is usually a rainy season at the end of the year and light rains generally during the month of August. The mean annual rainfall varies throughout the island from about 34 inches at sea-level to as much as 240 inches on the northern slope of the Blue Mountain range.

Industries and Productions.

Fruit, consisting of bananas, oranges, etc., is now one of the largest exports, the output in 1910 being valued at £1,217,912, and that in 1911 at £1,624,245—the highest figure that has ever been readied. The other chief crops are sugar (export 20,060, hhd., value

£247,411); coffee (export 60,051 cwt, value £154,131) ; ginger and other minor products (value £327,250); pimento (export 115.494 cwt. value £83, 252) ;and the exports comprise, in addition to those products, rum (export 11,454 puncheons, value £85,905); dye-woods (export 44,066 tons, value £107,277); cacao (export 53,628 cwt., value £101,448). These figures are for the year 1911.

The area under sugar-cane in 1911 was 31,659 acres ; under

coffee 24,706 acres ; under banana cultivation 79,283 acres ; under

• tacao 11,451. The value of the cacao exports has trebled during the past three years. f»5

BRITISH GUIANA.

The only European possessions in South America are three in number, and are situated on the central portion of the region called Guiana or Guyana, which stretches along the northern coast of the continent from the mouth of the Orinoco River to that of the Amazon liiver, and inwards to Brazil. These are the Colonies of British. Dutch and French Guiana.

The most westerly one is British Guiana, which extends eastward from the eastern limits of Venezuela to Dutch Guiana, and north of Brazil to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. The extreme limits of the Colony touch the parallels of 0° 41' and 8 * 33' 22" north latitude, and the meridians of 56' 20 15 and 61 22' 24 7 west longitude. British Guiana includes the old settlements of Demerara Essequibo, and Berbice, and has a sea-board of about 270 miles* treuding in a short south-easterly direction, with a mean depth of about 400 miles. It is equal in extent to the combined size of England, Scotland, and Wale>, or slightly less than one-fourth the size of British Columbia, the area being about 90,000 square miles. About 130 square miles are under cultivation, and the remainder is densely covered with exuberant primaeval forest, except in those parts where there are broad open flits and undulating grassy plains or savannahs, and the mountainous grass-clad country.

The coast lands are flat, and are for the great part swampy. They are slightly below the level of ordinary spring tides, s-o that sea-walls and other defences have had to be constructed to protect the settled parts from being flooded by high tides. They form part of an alluvial belt which rises gradually from the sea level, and extends inland for a distance varying from 10 to 40 miles. It is on this belt that all the sugar estates, and the greater part of the cultivated areas are situated.

The alluvial belt is succeeded by a slightly elevated and undulating belt composed of sandy and clayey sedimentary soils. It is traversed in some places by sani dunes, which rise from 50 to about 180 feet above the sea-level. Grass-covered downs occur on the banks of some of the rivers that traverse this region, but the greater part of the tract consists of high forest.

Beyond these belts, southwards, the country rises between

the river valleys, which are in many parts swampy ; and as it approaches the sources of the larger rivers, attains a height of about 900 feet above the sea-level on the western boundary. It is diversified by numerous low hills and valleys, and contains three principal mountain ranges. In the southern and western parts there are many scattered, isolated mountains. This elevated portion occupies about eleven-twelfths of the area of the Colony, and with the exception of large, flat, grass-clad plains or savannahs, is entirely forest-clad. 86

The Colony is traversed bj many Large rivers, which, with

i Ik- numerous tributaries and branch .streams, form a vast net-work o\ water-ways that in the absence of roads, furnish idy, if somewhat difficult, means of access to the interior. All the rivers arc impeded above where the tide reaches, at varying distances Prom the coast, by numerous rapids, cataracts, and falls, which render the navigation on the upper reaches difficult and in some parts dangerous.

The Largest of these tails is the Kaieteur on the Potaro, which has a width, in the rainy season, of nearly 400 feet, with a perpendicular drop of 7 11 feet. It is succeeded, for about 3 miles below, by a series of very large cataracts having a further drop of SI led.

Counties, Towns, etc.

The Colony is divided into the Counties of Demerara Essequibo and Berbice. The county of Demerara is the most important, although it is by far the smallest, for in it is placed Georgetown, the capital and principal port of the Colony. This town is situated at the mouth of the Demerara River, and has a good harbour. Vessels of fairly large size can come into the harbour at any state of the tide, but there is a bar near the Lightship, which is an obstacle to vessels drawing more than 19 feet 3 inches of water. Georgetown is well laid out. on Hat land, with wide streets running at right angles to each other. The streets are lighted by electric light, and the electric tram- cars run throughout practically the whole town. lb possessed a

population of 57.577 at the last census, taken in 1911 ; the only other town in the Colony is New Amsterdam, the former capital and chief port of Berbice, which is situated about 5 miles from the mouth of the Berbice River, on the Eastern Bank, and has a population of 8,004.

There are many large and small villages scattered along the sea-coast, and on the margins of the rivers near the sea, and there are also several important settlements and Govern- ment Stations on the higher reaches of the rivers. The villages have a total population of 114,909.

Population of British Guiana.

The estimated population of British Guiana is 295.750, exclusive of aboriginal Indians in the more remote parts of the Colony who are estimated to number 13,000. On the settled coast lands, the population is very mixed, largely made up of negroes and coloured natives of the Colony and of the West Indian Islands, and East Indians. There are also a few Chinese and some half-bred South American Indians. There is a large number of Portuguese, and a fair number of Europeans of other nationalities. On some parts of the coast land, and especially in the hinterlands, there are several tribes and sub-tribes of aboriginal Indians. 37

Climate.

The climate of British Guiana, although warm, is healthy. The mean temperature throughout the year is about 80° P., the highest mean maximum during 1910-11 beiog 85" P., in the months of September and October, and the lowest minimum 74° P., in the months of January and February- The heat, which is greatly tempered by cool breezes from the sea, is felt more from July to October than at other times, owing to the partial cessation of these breezes. The seasons are divided into dry and wet. There is a long dry season from the middle of August to near the end of November, and a shorter, less

sharply defined one in March and April ; the remaining two periods are termed the short and long wet seasons respectively. The long dry season is the only one that is sjiarply marked in every year, the short dry season not infrequently turning to a very wet one, whilst the short wet season is at times a period of more or less well-marked drought. The annual rainfall for the past thirty years averaged about 92'9 inches, in Georgetown. The average rainfall varies in different settled districts of the Colony, from about 88 to 143 inches.

Industries and Productions.

The agricultural resources of the Colony were exposed to a very heavy strain through the long persistent drought of 1911 and 1912. The exports for these years were greatly reduced, falling far below those of any other recent years.

The sugar-cane with its products, is the most important of the agricultural resources. There are 41 sugar estates, with a total area of 151,068 acres. Of this area, G8,389 acres are under sugar-cane, and 4,298 under rice and other products, whilst 73,126 are being used as pasture lands. The area of land under sugar, despite low prices and attacks of diseases in past years, is practically the same as it was twenty years ago, while the average crops of sugar and its by-products are the same, or possibly somewhat higher. Fifty years ago the number of sugar estates was about four times what it is to-day. but low prices and keen competition have necessitated a materially les- sened cost of production, and a centralized management in large factories. During 1912, the Colony exported 77,821 tons of sugar, 2,384,182 proof gallons of rum. 176,051 gallons of molasses, and 5,116 tons of molascuit (a cattle food). The bulk of the sugar now made is high-class vacuum pan sugar for refining purposes, while certain quantities of the far-famed ' Demerara Crystals',

' the vintage ' product of the Bourbon cane are still exported.

The next important agricultural industry is that of rice- growing. This industry is one pursued by small farmer?, and its development has been mainly in the hands of Bast Indian settlers in the Colony. Recently, however, large capitalists have been attracted in the industry, and mechanical cultiva tion is being experimented with. From 6,000 acres under rice in 1900, the area has gradually risen, until during the year 38

1912-13, upwards of 41,000 acres were returned as being under cultivation. The imports of rice have fallen from over 11,000 tons in 1897-8 to 8i in 1012, while nearly 2,750 tons of a value of $ 185,85(5, and rice meal of a value of $13,330 were exported dining that year, mainly to the West Indian Islands. The rice produced is of first-class quality, equal to any in the world.

Cacao-planting is an industry of some promise in parts of the Colony, especially up the lower reaches of the river. In

1912-13, over 2,000 acres were under this crop : the yield is mostly used for local demands of the Colony. The export is, therefore, small, but that which is exported always commands a good price.

About 784,21 5Jft>. of balata was la«t year (1912-18) collected in the forests and exported from the Colony, but the extension of this important industry depends greatly upon the discovery of balata tracts, where the expenses of collection and transport will allow a fair rata of profit being made. A small amount of Sapium rubber was collected in the forest. Five experiment stations have been established, and the planting of rubber is rapidly developing in several parts of the Colony. The growth of the Para rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis) during the past two years has been as rapid as that of similar trees in the East. Samples of Para rubber from the Colony have been reported upon as almost equal in quality to the best plantation rubber produced. Large areas in many parts of the Colony are admirably suited for the cultivation of various kinds of rubber trees, and for this purpose grants of Crorm land can be obtained on very liberal terms. Over 3,000 acres are already planted in rubber.

Gold and diamond working is carried on in many parts of the Colony. There was produced, in 1912-13, 51,705 oz. of gold of a value of $36,230. The diamonds produced during 1912-13 amounted to 6,07 lg carats, valued at $43,960. Up to the present only a comparatively small portion of the whole Colony has been searched for auriferous or for diamondiferousdeposits, and there

:tre vast tracts of land still unexamined : but in the parts which nave been examined, the gold-bearing districts discovered have a total area of about 4,600 square miles, and the conditions under which the metal occurs in them have been fairly well determined. The Geology of the Gold fields of British Guiana. by Professor J. B. Harrison, affords information ot the greatest value to prospectors and others interested in the gold-mining of the Colony. The value ot the principal exports besides sugar and gold

for 1912 were : balata $487,421, rice $185,856, timber $62,830, charcoal §35,936, cacao $1,818, firewood $17,613, lumber $11,842, shingles $10,949, coffee $17,085 and sleepers $2,963. Coffee, during the early part of the last century was largely cultivated in the county of Berbice About the time of the cessation of slavery, circumstances necessitated the gradual abandonment of the cultivation. At the present time about 2,800 acres are occupied with coffee, the Arabian or so-called Creole kind, and the Liberian sort, being the principal 80 varieties under cultivation. Hobusta (or Java) coffee is being planted on a small scale in some localities. Large areas of land in British Guiana are well suited to the growing of coffee, but low prices have kept in check any considerable increases of acreage. The quality of British Guiana coffee is excellent, and it always commands a relatively good price. The area under coco-nuts has been steadily increasing for some years past and now some 14,000 acres are under cultivation. The great majority of the nuts grown are utilized in the Colony for the preparation of oil. which has gradually rep'aced the imported coco-nut oil. and has retarded the importation of other edible oils. Ground provisions occupy 18,000 acres, and the development of other industries is receiving considerable attention. There is every hope that the establishment of the cultivation of limes on a large scale, and the encouragement offered to smaller growers by a syndicate of citric acid makers, will do much toward the development of lime-growing as a subsidiary industry in the Colony. About 740 acres are uuder lime cultivation. There are very large areas of land along the coasts of the Colony which are very well adapted for pastoral pursuits, especially for cattle-raising, and there are very extensive savannahs in the far interior that may at some time become large cattle ranches. At present there are estimated to be 8^,000 cattle, 16,000 sheep. 14,000 goats, and about 1,000 horses, 2,000 mules, and (5,000 donkeys on the coast land farms, and plantations.

The forests, with which the interior of the Colony is for the most part covered, abound in woods of great beauty and value. Some of the hardwoods are, from their remarkable durability peculiarly suitable for house- and ship-building purposes, whilst others are equally suited for the manufacture of household furniture. Tdeir utilization is largely checked bjr the difficul- ties of transportation in the interior of the Colony, but of the many valuable timbers growing in the forest, greenheart and crabwood (or Guiana mahogany) are exported. Quantities of lumber, shingles, charcoal and firewood are exported to the West Indian Islands. The chief imports* are bread stuffs, beef, pork, fish, butter, cheese, coal, oils, spirits, tobacco, earthenware, glassware, hardware, cutlery and textiles. There are local factories for the manufacture of biscuits, matches, soap, candles, chocolate, boots, aerated water, citrate of lime, etc. Books of Reference.

A list of books and pamphlets, which may be referred to for further information in respect to the Colony, will be found

* The increase in the .number of automobiles from Canada during the period 1908-12 is rather interesting, being for each year respectively, nil, 1, 2,

3, and 13, of the following values : nil, $667, $1,654, $1,926 and #7,956. The value of imported brooms also increased, being nil in previous years and $4,133 *\n 1912.—[Ed. West Indies in Canada.} 10 on p. 45. From these works a large part of this brief sketch has beau abstracted, but any further particulars required maybe obtained from the Secretary. Permanent Exhibitions Committee, Department of Lands and Mines, Georgetown

Export Trade of British Guiana with Canada,

Chief Exports to Canada. 1912.

(Produce and Manufactures of the Colony.)

Articles. Quantity. Value.

Coco-nuts No. 17,600 380-40

Coffee lb. 14,907 2,086*98

Lumber (Crab wood, etc.) ft. 10,214 877-92

Molascuit and Cattle Foods tons 143 3,187-70

Cacao lb. 600 108 00

Rice meal tons 125 600*00

Rum ...... proof-gals. 148,057 44,417T0

Sugar tons 55,694 3,420.79915

Timber c. ft. 25 1200

Miscellaneous 62-16

Total . , $3,472,53T41 41 LIST OP BOOKS RELATING TO THE WEST INDIES AND BRITISH GUIANA.

In the following list will be found the names of Hand- books, Directories, etc.. which give a large amount of information, agricultural and commercial in its nature, that is likely to be of interest in connexion with the development of trade between Canada and the West Indies. The list also includes a large number of other books which will be of interest to the general reader, including Histories, Works of Fiction and Travel, and Works on Natural History.

WEST INDIES.

A Philosophical and Political History of the Settlement and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies, 6 Vols. J. O. Justamond, F.R S.

A United West Indies, Hon. C. Gideon Murray, 1913.

A Voice from the West Indies, 1 Vol., The Revd. John Horsford, D.D., 1856.

A Winter in the West Indies, J. J, Gurney, I Vol., 1840.

An account of the Botanic Gardens in the Island of St. Vincent from its first establishment to the present time, 1 Vol., Revd. Landsdown Guilding, B.A., F.L.S., 1825.

Africa and the West Indies, 1 Vol.. William Moister, 1866.

At last : A Christmas in the West Indies, 2 Vols., Charles Kingsley, 1871.

Back to Sunny Seas, Frank T. Bullen, 1 Vol., 1905.

British Empire in America, Oldmixon, 2 Vols., 1741.

Camps in the Caribbees, Frederick A. Ober, 1 Vol.. 1880.

Chronological History of the West Indies, Capt. Thos. Southey, 3 Vols., 1827.

Civil and Commercial History of the West Indies, Bryan Edwards, 5 Vols., 1819.

Cruise of the ' Port Kingston,' Ralph Hall Caine, 1 Vol.

Cruising among the Caribbees, C. Stoddard, 1 Vol., 1895.

Domestic manners and social condition of the white, coloured and negro populations of the West Tndies, Mrs. Carmicbael, 2 Vols,, 1834. 42

WEST INDIES,— (Continued.)

Down the islands: A Voyage to the Caribbees. William A. Paton, 1 Vol., 1806-1881.

Fables by J. A. Froude. J. J. Thomas, 1 Vol., 1889.

Five Years in Trinidad and St. Vincent, Mrs. Carmichael, 2 Vols., 1834.

Five Years in the West Indies, Mr. Day.

Four Years' Residence in the West Indies, from 1826-1829, P. W. A. Bay ley, 1883.

Froudacity : West Indian, J. J. Thomas, 1 Vol., 1889.

General Information for Intending Settlers. The Emigrant's Information Office.

History of the British Colonies in the West Indies, Bryan Edwards, 1807.

History— Civil and Commercial— of the British West Indies, 5 Vols.. Bryan Edwards, F.R.S.S.A.. 1819.

History of the Caribby Islands. John Davies 1666.

History of the discovery and settlement to the present time of North and South America and of the West Indies, William Mavor, LL.D., 1812.

History of the West Indies, Thomas Coke.

History of t^e West Indie?, 2 Vols.. R. Montgommery Martin, F.S.S., 1837.

In Sugar-cane Land. Eden Philpotts, 1 Vol., 1893.

Leisure Hours at the Pier. 1 Vol. 1827.

Letters and Dissertations of the West Indies. Caribbeana. 2 Vols., 1741.

Monumental Inscriptions of the West Indies, Capt. J. H. L. Archer, 1 Vol., 1875.

Narrative of Travels in the West Indies, Sir Edward Seaward, 2 Vols.

Natural History of Nevis, the Revd. William Smith, 1 Vol. 1745.

Notes on the West Indies, George Pinckard, 3 Vols., tSOij. 48

WEST INDIES.— (Continued.)

Ordeal of free labour in the British West Indies, W. G. Seawell 1 Vol, 18(51.

Peter Simple, Captain Marryat, 1 Vo).

Pocket Guide to the West Iudies, A. E. Aspinall, 1 Vol.

Problems of the Antilles, Norman Lamont 1912.

Reflections occasioned by the late Additional Duties on Sugar and Rum in the We»t Indian Colonies, John G. Kenneys, 1 Vol., 1783.

Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Relations between Canada and the West Indies, September 1910.

Residence in the West Indies and America. Lieu-Col. St. Clair, 2 Vols., 1832.

Six Months in the West Indies, Henry Nelson Coleridge, M.A., 1 Vol., 1832.

Slavery of the British West India Colonies delineated. James Stephen, 1 Vol., 1824.

r Summary of Colonial Law, Charles Clark, 1 V ol., 1834.

Survey of the West Indies, Thomas Gage, 1 Vol., 1648.

Tom Cringle's Log, Michael Scott, 1 Vol.

The British West Indies, Their History, Resources and Pro- gress. A. E. Aspinall, Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. The All Red Series.

The Buccaneers of America, John Equemelint, 1 Vol., 1893.

The Caribbean Confederation, C. S. Salmon, 1 Vol.

The Colonial Office List.

The English in the West Indies, J. A. Proude. 1 Vol., 1888.

The Lesser Antilles, Owen Berkley.

The Life of John Sterling, 1 Vol., Thomas Carlyle, 1871.

The Report of the West India Royal Commission, with appendix, Sir D. Morris, 1 Vol., 1898.

The Story of the West Indies, Arnold Kennedy, 1 Vol.

The West Indies, C. W Eves, 1897. 44

WEST INDIES.—(Concluded.)

Die We 3 t Indies, Amos K. Fiske, 1 Vol., 1899.

The West Indies and the Empire, H. de R. Walker, 1 Vol., 1901.

The West Indies and Spanish Main, Anthony Throllope, 1 Vol., 18(H).

The West Indies, and South America Business and General Directory for the years 1887, 1888, 1889, G. Anceaux & Co.. M Vols.

The West Indies, their social and religious condition. 1 Vol., Edward Beau Underhill, 1862.

Transatlantic Sketches. The Kevd. N. J. Chester, 1 Vol., 1869.

Transatlantic Sketches. Capt. J. E. Alexander, 2 Vols., 1838.

Truths from the West Indies, including a Sketch of Madeira in 1833, 1 Vol.: Capt. Studholme Hodgson, 1838.

Under a Tropical Sky, John Amphlett, 1 Vol., 1873.

Under the Southern Cross, W. P. Hutchinson, M.D., 1 Vol.. 1891.

Voyage aux de l'Amerique, R. P. Labat, 2 Vols., 1721.

Voyage to the West Indies, Rover Elwes, 1 Vol., 1800.

Warner Arundel—the adventures of a Creole. 3 V0I9.. F. L. Joseph, 1848.

West Indian Sketch Book. 2 Vols., 1834.

West Indian Yarns, ' X'Beke, 1 Vol., 1827.

West Indian Common Place Book, Sir W. Young, 1 Vol.. 1807.

West Indies before and since Emancipation, John Davy, 1 Vol., 1834.

West Indian Tales of Old, Algernon E. Aspinall, 1912.

BARBADOS.

An account of a West Indian Sanatorium and a guide to Barbados, The Revd. J. H. S. Moxley, 1 Vol., 1886.

Barbado3 and other Poems, M. J. Chapman, 1 Vol., 1835.

Creoleana : or Social and Domestic Scenes and Incidences in Barbados, J. W. Orderson, 1 Vol., 1842. )

M BARBADOS.— (Concluded.

Handbook of Barbados. 1912, B. G. Sinckler.

History of Barbados 1605-1801, Poyer, 1 Vol.

History of Barbados, Hillary, 1 Vol., 1752.

History of Barbados, Sir Richard Ligon, 1 Vol,, 1752.

History of Barbados, Robert Schornburgk, 1 Vol., 1811.

History and Guide to Barbados and the Caribbee Tslands.

J. *H. Stark, 1 Vol

Memoirs of the first Settlement of the Island of Barbados,

I Vol., 1743.

Natural History <>f Barbados, The Revd. Griffith Hughes,

1 Vol., 1750.

The Barbados Directory, Biennial. S. J. Fraser, 1 Vol.

The Cavaliers and Roundheads of Barbados. 1650-52, N. Darnell Davis, 1 Vol.

The Geology of Barbados, J. B. Harrison, and A. J. Jukes- Browne.

JAMAICA.

Account of Jamaica and its Inhabitants. A Gentleman, 1 Vol.. 1808.

Annals of Jamaica, The Revd. E. W. Bridges. 1838.

Black Jamaica, W. P. Livingstone, 1 Vol., 1899.

Civil and Natural History of Jamaica. Patrick Browne, 1 Vol., 1756.

Descriptive account of Jamaica, William Beckford, 1790.

History of Jamaica, Long, 3 Vols., 1774.

Jamaica in 1905. A Handbook for Intending Settlers and Visitors, Frank Cundall.

Natural History of Jamaica, Sir H. Sloane, 2 Vols., 1725.

Studies in Jamaica History, Frank CundalL

The Handbook of Jamaica for 1912,

View of the present and past state of Jamaica, J. Stewart, 1 Vol., 1823. 10

KRITISH GUIANA.

Among the Indians of Guiana. Sir E. P. iin Thurn, 1883.

British Guiana and its Resources. By Prof. J. B. Harrison,

O.M.6., etc.. Director of Science and Agriculture : London : West India Committee Rooms, Seething Lane, Price Qd.

History of British Guiana. James Rod way. 3 Vols., 1894.

Our Search for a Wilderness, by Mary Blair Beebe and

C. William Beebe. New York : Henry Holt & Co.

The ' Argosy ' Handbook of British Guiana and Directory for 1909. Georgetown. British Guiana, Argosy Company, Ltd., Price 5s.

The British Guiana Directory and Almanack, 1906.

The Geology of the Goldfields of British Guiana. By Prof. J. B. Harrison, C.M.G., etc., Director of the Department of

Science and Agriculture. London : Dulau & Co , Soho Square, Price 5s.

The Handbook of British Guiana, 1913, containing reliable information of the History, Statistics, Resources, etc., of the Colony. Specially compiled for the Permanent Exhibi- tions Committee. Georgetown, British Guiana, Argosy

Companj , Ltd., Price 2s.

Twenty -five years in British Guiana, Henry Kirke, 1898.

TRINIDAD.

At Last. Charles Kingsley, 1 Vol., 1871.

Handbook of Trinidad and Tobago, 1912.

History of Trindad, 1781-1813, Lionel M. Fraser, 2 Vols.

Industrial Trinidad.

The Book of Trinidad, Jackson, 1 Vol., 1904.

Trinidad. L. A. A. de Verteuil, 1 Vol., 1884.

Trinidad and Tobago Yearbook, H. Collins, 1907.

TOBAGO.

Handbook of Tobago, 1912. A History of Tobago, H. T. Woodcock.

Hints to Settlers, Imperial Department of Agriculture* 47 GRENADA. Directory and Almanack for 1907. The Grenada Handbook.

ST. LUCIA. Hints to Settlers, Imperial Department of Agriculture. St. Lucia, Henry H. Breen, 1884.

The St. Lucia Handbook, Directory and Almanack. E. Garraway.

ST. VINCENT.

An Essay on the Colony of S. Vincent, Mrs. Lucy Huggins. An Historical account of the Island of St. Vincent Charles Shephard, 1831.

Preface to the catalogue of exhibits from St. Vincent. Lieut Governor Gore, C.M.G.. 1886.

Report upon the Forests of St. Vincent, E. D. M. Hooper, 1880.

Handbook of St. Vincent, Hon. Mrs. C. Gideon Murray, 1910.

LEEWARD ISLANDS. Antigua and the Antiguaus. 1884.

History of the Island of Antigua, V. L. Oliver, 1894-9.

Handbook of Antigua, H. A. Tempany, 1912.

Precis of Information. i904.

DOMINICA.

Dominica, a Fertile Island, F. Sterns Fadelle.

Dominica : Hints and Notes to Intending Settlers, by Sir H. Hesketh Bell, K C.M.G. (revised by Mr. Douglas Young). History of Dominica, Thomas Atwood, 1791. Notes on Dominica. Symington Grieve, 1906.

ST. KITTS.

A Young Squire of the Seventeenth Century. J. C. JeafPerson, 1878.

Natural History of Nevis, The Revd. Wm. Smith, 1 Vol., 1745.

VIRGIN ISLANDS.

Handbook of the Virgin Islands, W. C. Fishlock, 1913. 48 STEAMSHIP SERVICE

Canada i^ directly i-onneoted with the West Indies by the Liners of the Pickford & Black Steamship Company, which run from St. John and Halifax, to Bermuda, the West Indies and British Guiana, and return. Several lines of Steamers run from the West Indies to New York. The Quebec Steamship Company runs from New York to Bermuda and return, and from .Now York to the West Indies and British Guiana, and return. The Booth, the Lamport and Holt, the Hamburg-American, from New York to South American ports call at Barbados. Most of tbese boats call at Barbados on the return voyage from South America to New York. The Royal Dutch West Indian Mail boats, between British Guiana and Surinam and New York, touch at Barbados. Opportunities for travel between the islands are afforded by the intercolonial boats of the Royal Mail Company, the

Pickford

k * fruit trade. The Scrutton ', ' Harrison ', and ' Leyland lines also run well-equipped boats at fairly regular intervals. The East Asiatic Line connects European and English pores with the West Indies and British Guiana.

The climate is very healthy, and the islands are yearly visited by an increasing number of tourists, who find in them a pleasant escape from the winter of more northern climates. 49

THE CANADIAN AND WEST INDIAN LEAGUE.

This league has been formed recently in relation to the desire that has sprung up to bring about a closer union, especially in regard to commercial matters, between the different parts of British North America and the British West Indies —in the broadest sense of the term— and British Guiana. Its objects are to assist in causing a better understanding between the kindred peoples of these parts of the Empire, to further the cause of Imperial Preference, to promote in other ways commerce, manufactures and communication in the Empire, and to develop travel between Canada, Newfoundland, the West Indies and British Guiana.

The chief ways in which the league works are by the collection of statistics, the provision of information to its members, the bringing of commercial firms into communication, and the organization of exhibitions and other means of publicity.

The league publishes an official organ called The Canada West India Magazine, which is free to members.

Further information is available from the Secretary, Cana- dian and West Indian League, Lindsay Building, Montreal, Canada.

. '

PRODUCTS OF THE WEST INDIES AND BRITISH GUIANA. V

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The Traveller's Tree. A magnificent tropical plant growing in the West Indies.

Aloes* The jnice, evaporated to dryness, of a fleshy plant of the Lily Order. Barbados at one time exported about £7,000 worth yearly, but the industry is now practically extinct, the exports in 1911 being worth only £125 ; although it is capable of being revived at any time, should the market warrant it. What are now known on the market as Barbados aloes are probably obtained from Curacao and other places. IT.

Annatto. This dye is obtained from the pulpy coverings of the seeds of Bixa OreUana, a small tree. It is employed to colour butter, oheese, etc. Exports from Jamaica in 1900 amounted to the total value of £5,800 ; in L909, £10,291 ; in L910, £6,306 and in L911, £5,530 showing a steady reduction for the last two years.

Arrowroot. Obtained from the underground stems of Maranta arundinacea, a plant of the Ginger Order. The stems are dug, ground up in water, and the pure starch is obtained by washing. St, Vincent is the headquarters of the West Indian arrowroot trade. The exports from that island in 1911-12 were worth £40,430 as compared with £30,089 in 1910-11. Some of the arrowroot-growing estates were severely damaged in the volcanic eruptions of 1902.

Balata. A substance very similar to gutta-percha, obtained by tapping the trunks of Mimusops globosa, a large forest tree found in British Guiana and Trinidad. The balata exported from British Guiana in 1910-11 amounted to 1,162,5881b., valued at £139.623; in 1911-12, 1,101,593 ft. were exported valued at £140,282, showing a slight reduction in quantity with an increase in value.

Banana Trees in Bearing.

Bananas. Enormous areas are under cultivation in this plant in Jamaica, whence quantities valued at about £1,141,710 and £1,456,581 were exported during 1910 and 1911 respectively. The banana is oiie of the most nutritious fruits in the world, and is, moreover, 'seedless, free from fibre, and easily digestible. The fresh banana is a most important article of diet in the tropics of both worlds. Dried bananas and banana flour are palatable and valuable foods. A bunch of bananas in the West III.

Indies costs from Vul. to l.s. The banana trade of Jamaica Was worth over £1,000,000 in 1903, more than fourteen million bunches having been exported. The exports declined considerably in consequence of the hurricane in thai year, but have since gradually increased. The variety cultivated in Jamaica is the giant banana, or Gros Michel. The Barbados banana is the dwarf or Chinese variety, similar to the one grown in the ( 'anaries.

Bay Oil. Obtained from the leaves of Pimenta acrts, a tree closely allied to that which yields Pimento. It is used in the manufacture of Bay Hum. and is obtainable from the Virgin Islands, Dominica and Montserrat.

Broom Corn. The cultivation of broom corn (An Iropo- gon Sorghum, var. technicus) has been experimentally carried out in Antigua, Montserrat and British Guiana, and there are signs that it may be taken up by small growers in Montserrat and Xevis. The results show that very good marketable brush can be grown in chese islands.

Cacao. Cocoa and Chocolate, which are familiar to all, and are becoming more and more to be considered among

Grafted Cacao, 3i Years from Grafting. the necessities of life, are prepared from the seeds, or so-called beans, of the cacao tree (Theobroma Cacao). The tree does not grow very large, and the flowers and fruits are borne on stout IV. stalks on the trunks and larger branches. The fruits, which are Large pods, are collected when ripe, and cut or broken open. The seeds are put into larsre bins, where they sweat and ferment for some time. Thei thev are washed, cleansed and dried.

The cacao tree is eminently a tropical /'plant and one that requires careful attention and intelli- gent cultivation, in order to produce the best yields. Much improvement has recently been made in all the processes con- nected with the industry. Formerly all cacao growers depended on the heat of the sun for drying the beans, but within the last few years very satisfactory driers, using artificial heat, have been placed on the market, and they are coming into general use. In addition to the cocoa and c h o c o late, cacao beans also yield a large percentage of cacao fat, or cacao butter, which is used in a variety of ways. The total value of the cacao exports from the West Indies is about £1,400,000 p r i n ci pa 1 1 y from Trinidad and Gren- ada. The exports of cacao from Jamaica. Dominica and St. Lucia are increasing. Cacao.—Pods and Leaves. (From The Bookyf Trinidad.)

Cashew Nuts. The fruits of Anacardium occidentcde. a small tree. The brightly coloured, fleshy portion is the stalk and, if (juite ripe, is pleasant to eat. It may also be put up in syrup as a preserve. The nut contains a poisonous juice. which may be used for marking linen. The roasted kernels of th<- nut are a favourite article of desert. They keep well, if bottled. (See p. vii.) Cassareep. Prepared Prom the milky juice of the Cassava and used in cooking. It is an essential constituent of the famous West- Indian dish ' Pepper Pot'.

Cassava Meal. The meal obtained from the fleshy roots of Manihot uti'issima (Spurge Family). When fresh, it contains the poison prussic acid, which is quickly dissipated by heat, leaving a perfectly wholesome food. It is also known as cassava farine, and makes good cakes, biscuits, etc., which should be lightly baked, buttered, and eaten fresh. Indians in the interior

Cacao- -Breaking the Pods. (p. hi.) (From The Book of Trinidad.)

of British Guiana live almost entirely on cassava. Tapioca is obtained from the same plant by heating the starch on hot plates starch grains burst, of and stirring with an iron rod ; the some the starch is converted into dextrin, and the whole agglo- merates into small irregular masses. The roots of the sweet cassava aie boiled entire and used as a vegetable.

Cassia Fistula. An ornamental tree 30 to 50 feet high. The pods contain a large number of small seeds embedded in a pulp that is used in medicine. The bark is a source of tannin, and is in considerable demand in some parts of India for tanning purposes.

Chillies, or Capsicums, The acrid, biting fruits of small shrubby or herbaceous plants of the genus Capsicum, belonging to the Potato Order. They are principally used as a condiment VI. and in medicine. Cayenne pepper consists of the pulverized Fruits of the small pungent varieties. They are cultivated in Nevis and at several of the Wes1 Indian Botanic Stations.

Coco-nuts. The fruit of a palm (Cocos nucifera), which is not bo be confused with the Cacao or Chocolate tree, or the Coca plant which yields cocaine. The fibre surrounding the

' • nut is coir, employed in making mats, brushes, etc. The flesh of the nuts yields an important oil. largely used in cooking, illuminating, manufacture of soap, candles, etc., and as the source of 'Nucoline*, an artificial butter. Copra is obtained

' from the coco-nuts by drying the white meat ' in the sun, or by steam. The tree has innumerable other uses.

Trinidad exported, in 1911 and L912, respectively, coco-nut products worth £85,358 and £61,257. .Jamaica exported coco-nuts to the value of £54,941 in 1909, and to that of £78,710 in 1910. In 1911 the export of this fruit rose to an amount valued at £98,687.

In British Guiana (1912-13) the area under coco-nuts was 14.000 acres showing an increase of about 2,000 on the previous year.

Cacao.— Drying the Beans.

(From '1 he Book of Trinidad.)

Coffee. The coffee plant is a bush with dark-green leaves and white flowers. The ripe fruit is a fleshy berry containing, usually, two seeds face to face. The flesh is removed by a suitable machine and the dried seeds form the coffee bean of commerce 'Blue Mountain' coffee of Jamaica has a wide reputation. Coffee was exported from Jamaica in 1909 to the value of £127,121, and to the value of £167,409 in 1910. In 1911 \ 11.

the value fell to £154,131. In 1010-11, British Guiana exported £2,114 worth of coffee. In 1911-12, £3,863 worth was .shipped.

Cotton. In former years, cotton was a very important crop throughout the American tropics, but with the extension of the sugar industry, cotton ceased to be cultivated on a commercial scale except in Carriacou, a small island near Grenada.

During the past eight years cotton-growing has been widely taken up in all the islands in which the climate is suitable ; and owing largely to the encouragement and assistance given by the Imperial Department of Agriculture and the British Cot- ton Growing Association, the industry has become thoroughly established ; so that in Barbados. St. Vincent, Montserrar. Antigua, St. Kitts-~Nevis and the Virgin Islands it has become an important feature, while cotton is grown in Jamaica and other islands.

The crop of 1912 (excluding a small quantity in Jamaica) amounted to 2,-378,790 lb. of Sea Island cotton, of a value of about £116,866. Sea Island cotton, is a verv fine, very long staple cotton which is used for special purposes, as lace- m a k i n g. West Indian Sea Island cotton has s >ld in the Liverpool market for as much as 30d(60c.)per lb. In Carria- cou where cotton cultivation has never been wholly aban- d o n e d, a short staple cotton, Marie Galante, is grown, The average price for this cotton is about 6c?. per lb. The Cashew, (p. iv.)

Cowpeas. Many varieties of this pea ( Viyna Catjang) are

' grown ; some are known by such descriptive names as, Black',

1 ', ', ' Speckled 'White and Black Eye cow pea ; in some parts Y1TT. of the world, they are railed 'Chowlee*. Cowpeas are grown tor green dressings, and also for the sake of the peas. Divi-divi. The cultivation of divi-divi (Caesalpinia coriaria) is of importance in Curacao and in the two neighbouring islands. The penis are picked when fully ripe, and are one of the most important sources of tannin, so that they are great 1\ used by tanners. It is grown also in Jamaica, from which island there is usually exported a considerable quantity. Fustic. An important dye-wood and timber yielded by Chlorophora tinctorid, a tree of the Stinging-nettle Order. Fnstio (and bitterwood) were exported from Jamaica to the value of £7,771 in 1909 and of £15,682 in 1910. Fustic wood is used locally in all the islands, in cartwork to a large extent. Ginger. The underground stems of Zingiber officinale, a near relation of the arrrowroot and banana. The stems have to be very carefully cured—an operation requiring considerable skill. Jamaica is the main seat of the ginger industry in the West Indies. £36.710 worth being exported in 1009 and £44,987 worth in 1910, Grape Fruit. A large Citrus fruit, allied to, although per-

fectly distinct from the Citrons and Oranges ; it is an excellent dessert fruit. The Grape Fruit has been hitherto comparatively little known, but is steadily coming to the fore, on ar •count of its tonic properties. Jamaica exported Grape Fruit worth £16,145 in L909 and an amount in 1940 valued at £23,300. Ground Nuts, or Pea Nuts. The seeds of Arachis hypo- (jaea (Pea Family), a trailing plant, with the curious habit of burying its pods in the earth to ripen. They are cultivated in

A Coco-nut Grove, (p. vi.)

the West Indies on a small scale and roasted and eaten, or used in ^weet-meats. They yield a valuable oil, used in the manu-

' facture of soap, and to adulterate olive oil. The cake ', after expression of the oil, is an excellent food for cattle. Experiments IX. with varieties of ground nuts are being conducted in the West Indies, under the auspices of the Imperial Department of Agri- culture, particularly in Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua and St. Kitts. Guava. The fruit of a small tree of the Myrtle Order. The better varieties are eaten as a dessert fruit. Others make excellent preserves. Guava jelly is a well-known West Indian dainty, not put on the market in commercial quantities, generally. The Montserrat Preserving Company, however, is now offering Gauva Jelly, Guava Cheese and preserves for sale. Guinea Corn. One of the Millets {A ndropog on Sorghum, var. vulgaris.) Largely culrivated in the West Indies for fodder. The grain is ground into a meal which is used as a food, much in the same manner as Indian Corn Meal is used, and also as a food for stock.

Guava.— Flowers and Fruits. (From The Book of Trinidad.)

Hardwoods. The timber resources of some of the West Indian colonies are worthy of consideration. British Guiana has enormous forest areas, and several sawmills are in active operation. Greenheart is probably the most exported. Trini- X. dad last year exported large quantities of West Indian Cedar. Mahogany is sent from British Honduras, and is common in Jamaica, Trinidad and Barbados. In Dominica, sawmills are at work in forest areas, and attention is being given to the exploitation of the timbers of this island. The woods exported are generally hard, and useful Tor furniture manufacture. They include mahogany, cedar, galba, Lignum vitae, greenheart, bullet-wood. etc. Papers on the timbers of Jamaica and the timbers of Dominica were published in the West Indian Bulletin, Vol. IX. Honey. The beed<.eeping industry has been actively taken up in the various islands, with success. Jamaica honey is largely exported, and is already well known. The

exports of honey and I ices wax from that island in 1909 were valued at £24,820, and in L910 at £23,505. There are also several large apiaries in St. Lucia. Kola Nuts. The seeds of a small tiee, a native of West Africa, naturalized in the West Indies. They are used in the manufacture of several beverages. When eaten they reduce the rate of waste of the tissues, and thus enable a person to go without food for a long time. Kola nuts are produced in Jamaica. British Guiana, Grenada and Dominica.

Li.mk Nursery, Do.mixk

Limes. The fruit of (Mints medica, var. acida, a variety of the lemon. The lime is distinctly a West Indian plant and is not known out of cultivation, anywhere else. It can be used for >-Ycry purpose to which the lemon is put and is generally considered te be much superior. It is smaller than the lemon and possesses a more distinct flavour. It is highly appreciated throughout the tropics, and only requires to be imported in quantity to become a general favourite in Canada and XT. elsewhere. Ii is cultivated at present principally in Dominica and Mxmtserrat, but the area under this crop is being rapidly extended in British Guiana, St, Lucia, and son I" the other islands. A very large trade is carried <>n in raw and concentrated lime juice. Dominica exportedj in lull, more than £73,8S2 worth of limes and lime products, the latter including lime juice (concentrated and raw), citrate of lime, lime oil and lime juice cordial. In the same period, British Guiana exported 7,928 lb. of citrate of lime, value £198, Pickled limes are exported to the United States, and the manufacture of citrate of lime, used in the printing and dyeing of calico, has been taken up. Logwood. The heart-wood of a small tree, Hacmatoxylon campechianum, of the Pea Order, thriving on waste lands. Jamaica has a large export. The wood yields the valuable and well-known dye. A dye factory is in operation at Spanish Town, Jamaica, for the preparation of logwood extract. Some £113,254 worth of the extract was exported in 1909 and £163,600 worth in 1910, in addition to logwood of the value of £52,159 and £66,218 for the respective years.

Mangoes. The fruits of Mangtfera indica, a native of the East Indies, now thoroughly established in the West Indies. Num- erous varieties oc-

cur ; some of the oq- o o d k in'ds a r e among the most delicious fruits of the tropics. With care, they can be shipped successfully.

Mangrove Bark.

Obtained from mangrove trees, which are medium- sized trees growing in the muddy swamps of tropical countries. From its astringency it is used in tanning, It is obtainable in Trinidad, wmere the Government lets Mango— Fruit and Flowers. the swamps by ten- (From The Book of Trinidad.) der. XI I.

Nutmegs. The seeds MyristUta jragrctns. a native of the East Indies. The ripe fruit of a nutmeg is not unlike u peaeb in appearance, when growing. As it ripens, however, the thick outer covering splits open, disclosing the brown seed and the brilliant orange- red inace. A tree in full bearing is a very handsome sight. In 1909 and 1910, Grenada exported nutmegs and mace valued at £17,872 and £18,135, for the years mentioned, in order.

Ochro. A large annual herb (Hibiscus esculentus) very largely cultivated for the sake of the fruits, which are used in a green state as an article of food and for thickening soup?. With care, these might possibly be exported.

Oranges. Orange trees occur almost wild in several of the islands, as for instance Jamaica and Dominica, and the fruit forms an important article of export. The best West Indian oranges are grown under conditions of excellent cultivation. It must be remembered that West Indian oranges have often a green rind when perfectly ripe, so that they do not need to turn yellow before being good to eat. Many are exceedingly sweet and juicy. The value of oranges exported from Jamaica in 1909 was £31,953, and in 19 10, £52,902. The prospects of orange cultivation in Dominica appear to be very satisfactory. Papaw. The fruit of Carica Papaya, s o m e- what resembling a melon in appearance. A pleasant table fruit and valuable on account of the digestive ferment ' papain ' it contains. The bruised leaves of the papaw are Nutm eg. —Fruits. used to render meat tender. The Booh Trinidad.) Papain I is pre- (From of pared commer- cially in Montserrat and about £1,600 worth was exported in XIII.

1905-6, but the inability to compete with the East in papain production has since reduced greatly the extent of the industry. There are recent signs of an increased demand for papain, in Canada and the United States.

Pigeon Peas. The plant (Cajanua indicus) bearing these differs from most ' peas ' in being an erect shrub, some

(5 to S feet high. The peas form an important article of diet in the West Indies, being cooked either alone, or with rice,

' Guinea corn, etc. When dried, a Split Pea ' is obtained, known

' by East Indians as Dhal '.

Pimento. Allspice or Jamaica Pepper. The allspice of commerce is the fruits of the tree Pimento, officinalis. When gathered, they are little, black, unripe berries. They are spread out in a thin layer and cured in the sun—an operation taking

Papaw. (p. xii.)

(From". The Book of Trinidad.)

about six days. They must be dried quickly before the flavour has time to deteriorate. Exports from Jamaica in 1909 were worth £68,352, and in 1910 £73,660. In 1911, the value of the exports rose to £83 252. XIV.

Pine-apples. Jamaica exports quantities (about £2,000 worth) of the fruits to the American and English markets. They are also grown to some extent in Antigua, and their cultivation has also been taken up successfully in other islands. Pine-apple juice is a good aid to digestion, as it contains a ferment which assists this process. (See p. xiv.)

Plantains. In the West Indies, cooking bananas are called plantains. 'The name banana is restricted to the varieties eaten as a fresh fruit for dessert. Plantains are roasted fried, or boiled, and used as a vegetable. They may be grown in any place where bananas thrive, but the plantains ordinarily seen for sale are wild fruits.

Rice. The grain of a grass (Oryza sativa) cultivated by East Indian immigrants in British Guiana, Trinidad, St. Lucia, and also in Jamaica. The unhusked grain is called 'paddy'

Field of Pine-Apples*

British Guiana had (1910-11) an area of about 32,000 acres in rice, while Trinidad had about 11,000 acres. In 1912-13 the area under rice in British Guiana increased to 11, OHM acres. In Trinidad, the rice produced is consumed locally, and its amount in 1910 was estimated at more than 10 million pounds. Several capitalists

have been attracted to t la- industry in British Guiana, and are experimenting with mechanical tillage and mechanical methods of reaping. The importation of foreign rice into British Guiana

has fallen from lb. in 1899-1900 to lb. in 1910-11 25,000,000 197,528 ; 3,784 tons of ii<-<- and several tons of rice meal were exported,

principally to other West Indian islands, in 1909-10 : eight years

' ago, the export was only about 8 tons (18,740 lb). Colco ', a cattle food made from rice ends and molasses, is also manufactured. XV.

Rubber. The more important rubber trees have been introduced into the West Indies. So far, Para rubber (He vea), the Lagos Silk Rubber (Funtuinia), and probably some of the Manihots are the mosl promising, and consid< rable attention is being devoted to these, especially the first and last, They thrive in Trinidad, Tobago, Jamaica, Dominica, St. Lucia and Grenada. Rubber is obtained from species of Sapium in British Guiana, and from Cryptostegia grandiflora in the

Bahamas ; while Hevea brasiliensis grows as luxuriantly in many localities as in the East. Shipments of Castilloa rubber from St. Lucia have realized as much as 5s. per B6., and a shipment from Trinidad was valued at is. id. per lb ; while creditable reports have been made on samples of Para rubber sent for examination to the Imperial Institute by the Agricultural Department in Dominica. Rubber cultivation is being taken up in British Guiana, and three Experiment Stations for rubber have been formed by the Agricultural Department, while others are in course of establishment. Over l.OuO acres have already been planted, and marked development is now taking place, for Hevea and Sapium are growing in many localities most satisfactorily. As has been indicated, Ceara rubber (Manihot

Agricultural Pupils Dominica.

Glaziovii) is also under trial in the West Indies, as well as the Jequie and Remanso Manitoba rubbers (M. dichotoma and M. piauhyensis) From British Guiana, during 1910-11, some L,165 ft), of rubber was exported, and during that time, upwards of 1,700 acres were under cultivation in the Colony, which has increased to 3,000 acres in 1912-13.

Sisal Hemp. The produce of Agave rigida, var. sisalana. Many localities in the West Iudies are well adapted to its cultivation and there is a possible opening for an industry in XVI.

this direction. This industry lias made rapid progress in the Bahamas, the area devoted to sisal production in 1910-11 being

estimated at acres lb. value over 20,000 ; while 5,846,447 £48,805, and 6,290,686 ft. value £42,057 were exported in 1909 and 1910, respectively. An experimental beginning has been made in British Guiana.

Sugar. All West Indian sugar is obtained from the sugar- cane (Saccharum officiiiaruvi), a 'grass' reaching 12 feet or more in height. Sugar-canes are grown from cuttings taken from the plants that have been harvested, and the crop takes about fifteen months to ripen. The cut canes are crushed, and the filtered juice is evaporated to a thick syrup and then put on one side for the sugar to crystallize out. The portion remaining, which does not crystallize, is Molasses, and is utilized as such, or it is fermented and made into Rum. In some districts of Jamaica, rum pays better than sugar. In many islands, for example, on most of the estates in Barbados, Antigua and St. Kitts. the old-fashioned method of boiling the syrup in open

Sugar-Cane ix Arrow, Barbados.

pans is still employed ; the sugar obtained by this process is called Muscovado. In a general way, the grinding in the smaller islands is done by windmills. The introduction of steam power for grinding on larger estates has been a great improvement. In British Guiana and Trinidad, particularly, large, well-equipped factories have been erected, and in Antigua, two up-to-date factories are in operation, the increased work of one of which has

necessitated extension ; while in St. Kitts, a central sugar factory on the most modern lines is in active operation. In Barbados, too, much work has been done in the last few years in the conversion of muscovado works into those using triple effects and vacuum pans. Such factories manufacture the various crystal sugars, instead of the ' brown ' or muscovado sugar. The total value of the exports of sugar, molasses, and rum from the West Indies in 1911-12 was about £3,300,000. British XVII.

Guiana alone exported about £1,400,000 worth. Molascuit, a cattle food prepared from molasses and the crushed fibre of the sugar-cane, made its first appearance on the export list of British Guiana in 1002-3. The output of this new by-product is rapidly increasing, the quantity exported in 1910-1 1 being of the value of £21,931, as against a quantity worth £11.804 in 1905-6.

Coco-de-Mer, Dominica.

Up to 1888, the sugar-cane was not known to produce fertile seed. In that year, Messrs. Harrison and Bovell, in Barbados, showed that it sometimes does so, and since then the raising of seedling canes has been an important part of the efforts to improve the sugar-cane industry. The Imperial Department of Agriculture has supported extensive experiments in British Guiana, Barbados and the Leeward Islands. xviii.

Several thousand seedlings are raised annually, tested in the field ami laboratory, and the best are selected for estate trial. Manurial experiments are carried on, and also researches into t he diseases and insect pests of sugur-cane, methods of tillage, etc.

Sweet Potatoes. These are the swollen roots of Ipomoea Batat(t$, of the Convolvulus Order. They are grown to an enormous extent in the West Indies, and take the place of the ordinary potato of temperate climates as a staple food.

Tamarinds. The pods of an East Indian tree of the Pea tribe, acclimatized in the West Indies. The seeds are surrounded by a refreshing and laxative pulp. A small trade is carried on with the fruits preserved in syrup. Antigua and Barbados, for instance, exported tamarinds to the value of

£2,018 and £756. respectively, in 1908-9 ; and the trade has, during the last year or two, snowed signs of rapid extension.

Tannias. The underground stems of a species of Xanthosoma, of the Arum Lily Order. Boiled or roasted, they form an excellent vegetable, and are largely used in the West Indies. The Ed do or Taro is the underground stem of a plant, Colocasia antiquorum, closely allied to the above. It is known in Jamaica as Coco.

Tea. The dried leaves of Camellia Thea, a plant that is a native of Assam, and probably also of China. Black and green teas are prepared from the same plant by peculiar methods of drying or curing. There are probably at the present time only two tea plantations in the western hemisphere : one at St. Ann in Jamaica, and the other in South Carolina. In Jamaica there are now from 80 to 90 acres under tea cultivation.

Tobacco. Fine, first-class tobacco is grown in Jamaica and the cigars from that Colony have come to be included among the best kinds. Probably the best cigars produced within the British Empire come from Jamaica. Exports of cigars from this Colony in 1909 were valued at £36,685, and in 1910 at £32,900. Tobacco is also grown in St. Vincent and St. Kitts.

Tous-les-mois. A wholesome and nutritious starch prepared from Carina edulis—n plant belonging to the Canna or Indian Shot Order.

i Vanilla. The vanilla beans of commerce are the seed ' pods ' of climbing South American orchids— Vanilla Planifolia and other species. The curing of the* bean demands great skill. This cultivation is receiving careful attention at the Botanic Station at Dominica, and in Nevis and elsewhere.

Yams. The underground stem of Dioscorea spp. The Yam shares popularity with the Sweet Potato as a staple article of diet. Many varieties are cultivated. Yams would soon become a favourite food in Canada, if they were generally known. I ADVERTISEMENTS I THE R0 7AL MAIL R.MiS.P* STEAM PACKET COMPANY. Royal Charter dated 1SS9.)

Special Touring Facilities to all forts.

REGULAR FORTNIGHTLY SAILINGS FROM SOUTHAMPTON

—TO - BARBADOS, TRINIDAD, JAMAICA. SPANISH MAIN, CENTRAL AMERICA.

PACIFIC PORTS. & NEW YORK ;

Brazil and River Plate. Spain and Portugal, New York and Bermuda

FORTNIGHTLY FROM LONDON TO

Gibraltar, Morocco, Canary Isles k Madeira.

CRUISES DE LUXE TO

The Holy Land, Egypt and Mediterranean Toups to the far East-China and Japan. Yachting? Cruise® to the Norwegian Fjords.

(JVEay to September.) Also roundthe World tours WEST IN0I6S (November to April.)

Head Office: -18, Moorgate Street, London, E.C.

Branch Office* :— 32, Cockspur Street, London, S.W., and at all the principal towns in the United Kingdom.

Also : Barbados, Jamaica, Trinidad and Colon. .

CABLE address fi) .\ (%) QlP . (0 iJOX n^ vO' yVetvnc^xcs OGomipatO(, henrico, Jamaica COMMISSION AGENTS, COOES USED Editions, 16, ORANGE STREET, ABC 4th & 5th Lieber'3 Standard and Sit '•rtadccn., Vft Jitrttctr, r/ ., S Western Union. THE «G. J&. y\etir\c\uc8 aoomipaxi>(, LARGESTPANAMADISTRIBUTORS OF : : :HATS By Mail, Retail and Wholesale. 16. ORANGE STREET, KINGSTON, JAMAICA

The Finished Hats preparatory to being- fixed up ready for wear.

Hats shipped to any part of the world by mail (parcel post) in special Mailing Boxes to prevent crushing. Prices range from $1:00 to $25:00 each. SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

ipr- Special Discount to Retailers and the Millinery Trade. ESTABLISHED 1879. FRED L MYERS, o HORACE V. MYERS

Ships loadand unload with despatch alongside our Unique Sea- Wall.

Shipping with the Cayman Islands, Turks Islands, etc., as well as the Coastwise trade of Jamaica, by sailing vessels, is carried on in Kingston from Messrs. Fred. L. Myers $ Son's Sugar Wharf, a picture of which is reproduced above.

specialize and also for We Wholesale Tourists and Travellers in : GENUINE JAMAICA RUM— current crop to 16 years old. GENUINE BAY RUM- the product of H. Michelsen, St. Thomas. KF" SUGAR and RUM are our great specialities. We are able to give very special terms, as we handle the entire output of several very large Estates. RUM MATURED IN JAMAICA is now recognized as superior to that matured in less equable climates. Buy from the country of origin and save money.

OUR AGENCIES INCLUDE

Hennessy's Brandy ; W. & A. Gilbey's Wines & Spirits; Moet & Chandon's Champagne; Schweppe's Ginger A'e, Soda water &

Lemonade ; J. & J. Colman's Mustard, Cornflour & Blue ; etc.

FRED L. MYERS & SON, THE SUGAR WHARF, 188 HARi'.oru Street, Kingston. Jamaica. E.D.KINKEAD

DISPENSING CHEMIST AND DRUGGIST.

PRESCRIPTIONS DISPENSED -AND— ACCURATELY COMPOUNDED-

DEALER 1M

Pure Drugs, Patent Medicines,

Perfumery, Confectionery, Teas,

Fine Groceries, etc.

American Iced Soda Drinks Of Fine Flavoured Syrups

and Ice Cream.

20 KING STREET, KINGSTON, JAMAICA,

Opposite Bank of Nova Scotia. MY SPECIALITY Old Jamaica Rum and Native Wines. ENQUIRIES SOLICITED REGARDING EXPORT TERMS.

Agents for the following firms :—

O. T. Limited John Walker & Son— Scotch Whisky

Louis Roederer—Champagne Standard Brewery Co's. —Burmah Beer Piper Heidaeieks Royal Distillery Co's.—Canadian Rye Wm. Jameson—Irish Whisky Adolph Huesgens — Sparkling Hocks Armand Gallice—Bordeaux, Clarets & Sauternes Hartwig Kantorowicz—Liqueurs

Importer of BEST WINES and SPIRITS. E DW1N CHARLE Y, Wine & Spirit Merchant, Kingston, Jamaica.

New York or London Prices AND

Everything Photographic YOU ARE

Developing, &c, Promptly Respectfully Referred to and Properly done. A. E. ATTEWELL, "The Camera," 16 King Street, Kingston, Jamaica

When in TBJNI DftD please call

on vis and you will be sure to find what you are looking for in the _.,_...—_—_. way Qf

I era I I era I CURIOS SILVER SOUVENIRS PICTURE POST CARPS BOOKS ON TRINIPAP

• English & American JVlagazines

Photogpaphie Films, Plates and Papers

ETC.. ETC.. ETC.

R, MARSHALL & e •t 64A MARINE SQUARE

TRINIDAD, B.W.I.

BOOK SELLERS * STATIONERS

PRINTERS.

Established over 80 Years. : Telegraphic Address Codes used :

"ELSA" ABC4th & 5th Edition, Lieber's, Western Union PORT-OP-SPAIN. and Riverside.

Henry * Pereira, Port-of-Spain, TRINIDAD, B.W.I.

REPRESENTING :— European, Canadian and American Manufacturers and Millers, etc. BA NKERS :— Royal Bank of Canada, Port-of-Spain. Lloyds Bank Ltd., Nottingham, England.

Albert Luoien & Co.

* Cocoa & Provision Merchants,

i* Chocolate & Cocoa Manufacturers, & Z Bakers & Confectioners,

| Etc., Etc, Etc.

1 Charlotte Street, & 50 South Quay,

Port-of-Spain

TRINIDAD. B.W.I. Phones. 59, 531, 661. 575. Cable Address— Codes used—ABC 4th and Hh, '•GEDDES" Liebers, Western Union TRINIDAD and Private Codes.

The Canadian ftgency

T. GEDDES GRANT, Late of Nova Scotia

9 Broadway, Trinidad, B.W.I. 25 years experience Canadian-West Indian trade

IMPORTERS All kinds of Canadian products. EXPORTERS Sugar, Molasses, Cocoa, Cocoa-nuts, Asphalt, etc., etc. MANUFACTURERS' AQENTS With headquarters in Trinidad. Our travellers regularly visit the West India Islands and British Guiana. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Special attention given to consigments

BA NKERS

TORONTO- Royal Bank of Canada. HALIFAX —Royal Bank of Canada. LONDON— The'London Countv & Westminster Bank. NEW YORK—Roval Bank of Canada. TRINIDAD -Royal Bank of Canada,

Correspondents to Canadian Manufacturers' Association. : — I

MACKENZIE & COMPANY

General and Commission Merchants.

No. 3 Abercrombie Street, ;

Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, B.W.I,

IMPORTERS and EXPORTERS O-F all Classes of*' Goods

—Sole Agents

T I. /. TF, OF L E. 1 D \ V , \L \ 7 / C T REKS.

We offer our services to obtain best results and invite enquiries. BANKERS Zhc IRoval Banfc of (Tanaoa.

MEMBERS OF:

The Canadian & West Indian League.

CABLE ADDRESS

MACKIR ' Trinidad

All Codes Used.

CODRINGTON COLLEGE, BARBADOS.

GUN HILL, BARBADOS,

—

Lamport & Holt Line new york, brazil & river plate Mail axd Passenger Services Fortnightly—BARBADOS TO NEW YORK direct in

five (5) days by Steamers : VESTRIS — 10,500 tons VERDI — 8,010 tons VANDYCK 10,300 „ VOLTAIRE 10,830 „ VASARI — 10,000 „ BYRON — 5,192 „

With intermediate sailings by other ships of the Line.

The Steimers VESTRIS and VANDYCK will also call at Barbados from New York, outward bound on 20th June, 18th July, 12th September, 10th October, and 5th December 1913, affording the only direct connection from the West Indies with Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Montevideo and Buenos Aires, and establishing the most rapid and comfortable means of travelling between New York, Barbados, Brazil and River Plate.

HANCSHELL & CO., BUSK & DANIELS, Agents at Barbados. Agents in New York.

V. HANSCHELL m V. C HANSCHELL. HANSCHELL & Co.

ESTABLISHED 1884. Ship & Insurance Agents SHIPS' STORES & SUPPLIES Commission /Merchants.

Consulates op : Denmark, Germany, Russia. Nether- lands, Spain, Brazil, Panama. Mexico, Colombia & Cuba.

Cable Address : HANSCHELL, Barbados.

Codes : Watkins & appsndix & 1904 Edition, Scott's A 11 including 1906 Reprint 1909. A B C 4th & 5th Ed., Western Union, A-l., Standard Shipping, Lieber's and PREMIER. 12

Booth Line of Steamers REGULAR PASSENGER & MAIL SERVICE Direct To and From NEW YORK AND NORTH BRAZIL via Barbados, B.W.I

Steamers sail from Pier 4, Brooklyn, New York, for Barbados, Para, and Manaos (about 900 miles up the Amazon River), and return bo New York by the same route, the calls at Barbados each way being made to land and lake mails and passengers. SAILINGS PROM BARBADOS: For New York direct, usually twice per month, on or about the 16th and 26th. For Para and Manaos, usually twice per month, on or about the 15th and 26th.

The service is performed by modern steamers magnificently appointed for the accommodation of saloon passengers in the tropics, and provided with all conveniences for their comfort and safety. Cool and roomy cabins situated amidships, doctor and stewardess, electric lighting, -Marconi system of Wireless Telegraphy, etc. The steamers are also fitted for a large number of third-class passengers, having baths, lavatories, dining hall, etc., and the accommodation of this class is exceedingly comfortable. The attendance and service on the regular passenger steamers are all that could be desired, and the cuisine is unsurpassed. RATES OF PASSAGES FROM BARBADOS:

First Class Single Return Third Class $ £ s. d. $ £ s. d. $ c. £ s. d. NEW YORK 55= 11 9 2 110-22 18 4 27.50 = 5 14 7 PARA 40= 8 6 8 70=14 11 8 27.00 = 5 12 6 MANAOS 60 = 12 10 105= 21 17 6 33.00 = 6 17 6 First-class Tickets are also issued to Iquitos (Peru) by-

direct steamers, or via Para and Manaos : Single fare, $96 £20, Return, $168 = £35.

Head Office : THE BOOTH STEAMSHIP CO., LTD. Tower Building, Liverpool, England. London Office: 11 ADEIPHI TERRACE, STRAND, W.G. Agencies: BOOTH & Co., 17 Battery Place, New York, U.S.A. Para, Brazil. Manaos, Brazil. Iquitos, Peru.

LHURIE & Go., Ltd., Bridgetown, Barbados, B.W.I. 13

I Colonial Bank. 1ft ft ft ft ft ncorporated by Royal Charter 1835. ft « ft

:i 7t% IS ft IS SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL £ 2,000,000 ft is ft is ft is PAID UP - — — £ 600,000. ft £ ft R ft IS RESERVED FUNDS - £ 150,000. ft IS ft IS ft IS ft 1- ft IS HEAD OFFICE : ft IS ft 16, ft BISHOPSGBTE E.G., LONDON. ft IS ft

AGENTS : I CANADA .The Bank of British North America. i PARIS ... ..Messrs Mallet Freres et cie. HAMBURG .Messrs Schroeder Gebruder & Co. i COPENHAGEN The Private Bank.

The bank keeps Current Accounts. Receives Money on fixed Deposit, Sells Drafts and Telegraph Transfers oii London, New York, Paris, the Principal Cities in Canada and other Points. Purchases Approval Bills and does a General Banking Business. i;^;^:^^;^^;^^ 14

THE Royal Bank of Canada INCORPORATED 1869.

Capital Paid up - $ 11,560,000 Reserve and Undivided Profits 13,170,000 Total Assets - 180 000,000

Head Office: MONTREAL.

292 Branches in Canada and Newfoundland. Twenty- three Agencies in Cuba, Porto Rico, and Dominican Republic BRITISH WEST INDIES.

Bahamas, Nassau ; Barbados, Bridgetown ; Jamaica, Kingston; Trinidad, Port-of-Spain, and San Fernando; British Honduras, Belize. LONDON, ENGLAND NEW YORK CITY. 2 Bank Buildings, Princes Corner of William and Street, E.C. Cedar Streets. Principal Correspondents GREAT BRITAIN Bank of England Bank of Scotland London County and Westminster Bank Ltd. NEW YORK Chase National Bank First National Bank National Bank of Commerce FRANCE Credit Lyonnais Coinptoir National D'Escompte de Paris GERMANY Deutsche Bank Dresdner Bank

Interest allowed on Special Deposits. Drafts bought and sold. Letters of Credit issued and General Banking business transacted. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT Deposits of One Dollar and upwards received and interest allowed on same.

E. PERC1VAL,—Local Manager. Bridgetown, Barbados. IT,

Da Co., I COSTA & \ W.I- 5 BARBADOS, jj

J» <$ 89 •* 4fc ^ General ano (Bommtssion /IDercbants, Steamship an<> insurance agents.

Representing

£ —___ s

Iniporters of to J

J* Flour, Gram and all Foodstuffs, etc. 1 to —Dealers in ©{( — 4 Dry Goods, Furniture. Hardware q£ Glassware. Musical Instruments, g* Q Carriage?, Saddlery, Ship-chandlery ^ and General Household Necessaries. 3 P Exporters of ^ Sugar, Molasses and Other West Cj Indian Produce. €| 4

{aP.A.AA.AAA.AAJlA.A.AA.A

CABLE ADDRESS MUSSON. BARBADOS. S,P,Musson,Son&Co,

GENERAL AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS SHIP-BROKERS & STEAMSHIP AGENTS

BARBADOS m West Indies

EXPORTERS

of Sugar and Molasses, etc. IMPORTERS

of Lumber, Shingles, Shocks, Flour, Peas, Oats, Oihneal, and all descriptions of Canadian Products (C( >NSIGNMENTS SOLICITED).

AGENTS EOR

R^yal Dutch West India Mail, Amsterdam and Xew York

Guardian Assurance Co., Ltd., of London

Providence Washington Insurance Co. of Provi- dence, HA.

Oakdale Manufacturing Co. of Providence, R.I. etc. etc. etc.

CODES USED . BANKERS: ABC4th& 5th EDITIONS. ™TNFE mm/VIAIG0L0N,AL BANKRANK ' WATKINS, LEIBERS. AND WESTERN UNION. THE ROYAL BANK OF CANADA.

Private Codes alsa supplied. 17 cLRBancroftsCo COMMISSION AND GENERAL MERCHANTS AND IMPORTERS

AGENTS FOR: /

The Alliance Assurance Qo., London. The Lawes Chemical Manure Co., London. Messrs. Edward Cook & Co., London.

Messrs. Sulzberger & Sons Co., Ltd , New York Chicago and Kansas City. The Kingan Provision Co., New York. Messrs. A. D. Straus & Co., New York. F. W. Devoe & C. T. Reynolds Co., New York Messrs. Slater Rodger & Co., Glasgow. The West India Rum Refinery Ltd., Barbados. Etc., Etc., Etc. / V THEIR DRY GOODS DEPARTMENT,

No. 27, Broad Street,

has the reputation of being the leading and most up-to-date establishment in the island. # -%

Their Grocery and Provision Stores in Roebuck & Broad Streets

are always fully stocked with every requisite for Families and Hotels

Codes Used : A B C, (4th 8c 5th Editions) and Lieber's.

Cable Address : " BANCROFT" Barbados. 18

THE SCIENCE "OF -MONEY SAVING-

lies equally in the buying • - and selling of goods - -

^gm / WE Hatter ourselves that we do both well, improving each day

all along the line ; and we desire your endorsation of this opinion.

ALL lines for Tourists stocked at all of our stores. We are strong in travelling requisites, stronger in outfits, and strongest of all in our Bespoke Tailoring Depart- ment.

A visit to the West Indies is in- complete if it does not include an inspection, of our Barbados Store.

D. Hope Ross, Ltd. (MANCHESTER.)

Barbados, St. Kitts. Montserrat, Antigua. 10

MANNING & CO., LTD. BARBADOS, B.WI

Successors to o o o WM£ MAM, ESTABLISHED 1878.

General & Commission Merchants

Insurance Agents * REPRESENTING . . .

The North American Life Assurance Co. Toronto. The Barbados Fire Assurance Co.

Exporters of Importers of

Refining and Grocery Lumber, S hooks, Shingles, of all Molasses, descriptions ;

Hay, Oats and Feedstuffs Choice and Fancy Molasses, generally ;

Hardware of all kinds ; and other Paints, Oils, Leather, etc., West Indian Products. and FERTILIZERS.

Codes used :— Cable Address :—

ABC, 4th & 5th £

Weber's & Private Codes, Barbados. 20

1 i ii 1 ji 11 5T] "E ^<>cz]]| 1 1 i[ czr>0czzi i i i| "n" 1| [J]|"d] l [<>] IfE

C.S. Pitcher & Co.

O CZ=i CZXVZD C=D o

Wholesale £ 11 eta it

jJtobision & ffiquor geato \-

at 20-22, Roebuck Street,

»nt>—

llnmbcr, Eromnongcrn, &

(Estate Supplies deneraUg j^

at Beckwith Place, Bridgetown.

O C=D C=><>CZ] 1=1 # P. 0. B0X 126.

Cable Address : PITCHER.

f Code : ABC, 5th Edition.

O [=D t=X>C=l C=) <3> dQq||T| |_nJ[D0a ^ Agents for ^ LEVER BROS, port sunlight.

i.iii ^ Bankers ^ £ THE COLONIAL BANK. iBsL, i^os

i n 21

j LEACOCK & CO. [ Shipping | and Commission Agents, \ BARBADOS. ° B.W.I. | | g H I = ' g /:

Importers of. ftM a; FLOUR, FISH, GRAIN, LUMBER, g SHINGLES and other CANADIAN g PRODUCTS. g

Exporters of.

REFINING and GROCERY SUGAR S FANCY and CHOICE MOLASSES, g n s 8 3S 1 REFERENCES & THE LONDON COUNTY AND | | n WESTMINSTER BANK, LONDON g 1 THE COLONIAL BANK. 1 1 s M I 8 Cable Address: g Codes Used: ff ST ^ ^P A B C, 4th and 5th Ed. f g V 7 ijieber s, Western Union 3* BARBADOS. and Private Codes. | 22

Gardiner Austin & Co.

General and Commission Merchants, BARBADOS, B.W.I

SHIPPERS OF SUGAR AND MOLASSES AND ISLAND PRODUCE,

COAL CONTRACTORS AND STEAMSHIP AGENTS

4 Agents fop

Royal Mail Steam Packet Cory Bros. & Co., Ltd., Company, London. London and Cardiff.

National Board of Marine Lloyd's, London. Underwriters, New York.

Sun Fire Insurance Office, The Berwind-White Coal London. Mining Co., New York.

Consulates fOP:-SWEDEN and NORWAY. t

Cable Address :— ' CAVAN, Barbados

Vodes used :

A B C 5th Edition,

Scotts 10th Edition,

Watkins & Appendix. :

" Codes Used: Cable Addresses • Nith Glasgow" " Western Union, '* Niteney, London " TAeber's, " Nith, Demerara A B C 6th Edition, "Nith, Barbados" Thom & Cameron, Ltd.

- - Glasgow, London. Demerara, B G. Barbados, B.W.I.

Registered Office

ST.. 93 CHEAPSIDE GLASGOW. GLASGOW. Blenders, Bottlers and Exporters of Scotch Whiskies to all parts of the World. Sole Proprietors of the famous ROB ROY, Old Scotch Whisky. DEMERARA. Exporters of Sugar, Molasses, Rum. Greenheart? Purpleheart, Crabwood, Balata. Importers of Flour, Grain. Meal and produce of all kinds. Lumber. Shingles. Staves. Shooks, Sugar Ba,gs, Fish, etc., etc.

Agents tor:

THE QUEBEC STEAMSHIP CO,, CTD. BARBADOS. Exporters of Sugar and Molasses. Importers of Flour, Grain, Meal, Lumber. Shingles. Staves, Shooks, Sugar Bags, Fish, etc., etc.

Agents for: THE QUEBEC STEAMSHIP CO, LTD,

EVERY ATTENTION GIVEN TO CONSIGNMENTS.

Open to represent Canadian and American - - Firms in Demerara and Barbados - - WHOLESALE ONLY, 24

Established for more than \ of a Century.

The Ice Establishment BETTER KNOWN AS THE ICE BOWSE

A Reputation of 78 years.

Not one of Mushroom growth But one born of Mature experience and retained throughout the years by the maintenance ofi

Quality and Cheapness and Efficient Serivce which is both unrivalled and unsurpassed.

The Ice House Stands Unique,

and which name is Synonym for Quality,

and whose reputation is of a kind which

is lasting and ensures you every facility

For Buying Your Household Supplies.

WE APE - - -

ULIte largest SEholesnle attb §UtatI

Grocery House in Barbados.

Remember, We are the only One Price House in the West End-

Our Prices are the Lowest And Our Goods are the Best.

F. NORMAN ROACH & CO., THE ICE ESTALISHMENT. 25 ITHE MARINE Hastings, Barbados, BRITISH WEST INDIES.

Facing the Ocean

In the West 1 Largest Hotel ndies.

?.00 wu\s\&e S^\cj\\\ y$x\ T\ooxu^

Single and en Suite. BATHS.

New Lounge, Dining (tail

AND -

Sixty Fool Sail Room kg The Climate of Barbados is the Finest in the World. &j|

For rates and further information, Address any Office of ££R Messrs. Thomas Cook & Son, or to The Marine

Pomeroy Hotel Co., Ltd.

a; w. mi nick,

Manager. Earbados B.W.I. 20

? y\o\e\ ^aWotaV

h Ideal all-ilie-pai ftoiel

Situated in Hastings,

the most fashionable

and healthiest resort

of Barbados

Table and Service strictly first class.

Stectnc %iqb\ Xawn Jennie Sea Barbing MODERATE RATES

jtoipr\e\or axvA f[\atiacjet. 27

Te, on« ,impsons' Established 1868. tl

D. M. Simpson i Co., Ltd,

Consulting Superintending and Contracting —ENGINEERS—

Trafalgar Engine Works, BARBADOS

Managed and conducted by three Engineers.

D. M. SIMPSON. C. Y. SIMPSON. D. G. SIMPSON Telephone 450. 118. 120,

AN EXPERIENCE of over 40 years places this firm in a position to execute work of the highest class and at MODERATE CHARGES.

Our Workshop contains modern appliances and Machinery for Iron and Brass Casting, Forging, Copper- smithing. Turning, Boring, Planing, Drilling and Fitting,

Comprising : —Heavy Lathes, Planing, Shaping, Screwing and Drilling Machines, Steam Hammer, etc.

Engine Room Stores of very best quality PAINTS, OILS, etc. always in Stock.

Special attention paid to Steamships.

Orders Executed Day or Night. :

» 1 . 1 telephone K^OOT>: 1 / II- lOr N :;a bstab ished ob4 .; I0HN BLACKWOOD, LTD. PROPRIETORS. Barbados Engine Works & Dry Dock, consulting engineers & marine surveyors. No Retaining Fees Charged for Supervising Estate Machinery

The Finn employs Engineers and Naval Architects of high qualifi- cation possessing First Class B. 0. T. Certificates of competency, and members of the I M. E. and of the I. X. A. who have considerable experience in the designing and repair of all classes of Steamships, including Hulls, Machinery and Boilers; also extensive experience with Refrigerating Installations, Sugar Machinery, Electric Plants and Gas- Suction Plants. We have had very manv year-' experience in supervising a large tl.ei of Steamships of all classes up to 8,500 tons, which places us in a premier position to undertake business of this description. The Managers and Foremen of each Department trained in famous British Shops. »s are also the Moulder and Coppersmith. WORKS contain Erecting, Turning, Blacksmith, Pattern -making, Moulding and Coppersmith Shops, fitted with modern appliances for

i lie expeditious carrying out of repairs of all kinds Repair- to Steamships and Sugar Machinery a speciality. Materials of all kinds kept in Stock. Expert advice free on application. DRY DOCK. 46' 0" x 250' 0" x 15' 0" depth, [s capable of Docking bhips up L.200 tons Jones & Swan, Shipping* Agents and Commission Merchants

Importers of

Flour, Oats, Peas, Lumber, Shingles, etc., etc.

Exporters of

SUGAR and MOLASSES (All Grades).

Cable Address /-JONESWAN, BARBADOS

Codes Used :~ A B C, Leibers. Western Union, Waikim and Private. Information Respecting Imports

• and Exports, etc., etc.. - FURNISHED WITH PLEASURE

BARBADOS West Indies. .

The Barbados Mutual

Life Assurance ESTABLISHED 1840

Offers all the advantages of an old established, soundly conducted and progressive Life Office with modern improvements and facilities.

Memoranda at 31st December, 1912. Total Assurances issued $14,657,217:00

Total Bonuses declared (to 31st Peer , 1910) 4.437,406:00 Sums assured and Bonuses existing... 5,498,264:00 Total claims by death and matured endow-) - .^n okq.aq '* ' merits ...... / Life Assurance Fund 2,397,861:00 Annual Income exceeds ...... 320,000,00

Net Surplus (31st Deer., 1910) . . 364,504:00

All kinds of Assurance business transacted suitable to the varying requirements of e verybod y. Intending assurers are reminded that in claim- ing their patronage the Society offers corresponding benefits unsurpassed by any other Company.

BOARD OP DIRECTORS

. E. T. RACIvER, Esq.. Chairman. J R. BANCROFT, Esq., Yice-Chaikman.

E. I. BAEZA, Esq. M.C.P. I JOS. W. CRONE 7, Esq. A. S. BRYDEN, Esq. W. W. GOWDE Y, Esq.

R. G. CAYE, Esq., M.C.P. | H. L. JOHNSON, Esq., M.C.P. C. S. PITCHER, Esq. All information on application to M. J. BOVELL, Secretary, Beckwith Place, B/town, or H. R. WITHSTANDLEY, May 8, 1913. Canvassing Agent. 80

THE

Standard Life Assurance

Established 1825. $fc Incorporated 1910. HEAD OFFICE: EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND.

Branch Office for the West Indies : Barbados. Revenue — £ 1,575,000 Invested Funds — 13,300,000 Bonus Declared — 8,170,000 Claims Paid — 30,300,000

Liberal Surrender Values after three years.

Loaus Advanced on security of Policies up to 90% of the Surrender Value, at 5% interest.

Immediate Reduction to home rates (Class A) during visits to Europe and other temperate climates.

Proposal Accepted and Policies issued in the West Indies WITHOUT REFERENCE to Head Office.

Claims Paid immediately on proof of death and title ; and settlement made at any of the Company's Agencies.

Policies on which age is admitted are unchallengeable after two years.

Early Provident Scheme for Children.

Tables of Rates and all information may be obtained on application at the Office of the Company. Beckwith Place, Lower Broad Street, Barbados.

ft. J. MftSGftLL, ft.I ft.

Secretary. SI

Clairmonte, Man, 1 60. (Established over Half a Century) GENERAL AND COMMISSION

- - - MERCHANTS, - - - - AND PRODUCE EXPORTERS

Dealers in all kinds of . Canadian Produce of which consignments are solicited

Cable Address : Cable Codes :

" Clairmonte^ A B 4th dc 5th Editions, Barbados Leibers^ and Private Codes.

IF. O- BOX 133.

J. G. JOHNSON'S

Garage fe Livery Stables,

Opposite Police Station, Coleridge Street, and Corner of Marine Hotel Sap, Hastings. C3 BARBADOS, W.I. C=D ^ % % m Motor Cars, Horses and Carriages — on Hire. — — Orders Promptly Attended to Day and Night % m % % Patronage Solicited.

Coleridge St. ... ' No. 5 W. ft. JOHNSON, Hastings ... No. 91 C. A. Johnson ... No. 578 MANAGER. 32

IT WOULD BE TO THE ADVANTAGE OF * Canadian Merchants j

to communicate with

W. L. JOHNSON & CO., LTD, Commission and General Merchants, BRIDGETOWN. BARBADOS. W.I

importers of Canadian Products

exporters of. Molasses and Sugar

Being directly interested in Sugar Plantations and being in close touch with Sugar Planters enable us to buy SUGAR and MOLASSES promptly and on best terms.

Address : " ROEBUCK.'

l, Codes Uxnl ; A B C, hth Je 5th Editions, Western Union, JAebers dk A also PrivaU Codies. BANKERS THE ROYAL BANK OF CANADA.

Hotel St. Lawrence con se>), BARBADOS, B.W.I.

1. Because all the rooms look North and East. 7 2. Because you can get perfect sea bathing right on the GOOD REASONS spot free of charge. S. Because the cuisine is above the average, liberal and al- why you should ways varied. 4. Because our trade is steadily increasing among refined PATRONIZE people, and that is the class of business we cater for. 5. Because you will find a home from - - HOTEL home. 6. Because the location is ideal. ST. LAWRENCEJ7. Because we lead, others follow.

J. C. MAHON, <> Proprietor and Manager.

Phone 408. Cable Address : "Sanatorium" 32a

yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy y yyy y y y yy y yyy yyyyyyyyy yy yy 'J I B pj Cable Address P.O. BOX £ * COFACTORY. No. 167. g

I THE BARBADOS I i

erativeGottonPaotory 1 LIMITED. 1 ^ # «; GINNERS, OIL j COTTON MANUFACTURERS g AND PLANTATION SUPPLIERS.

7i £

H Dealers in all items in connection with £

\ COTTON GROWING I

I __ .___ j

I FOREIGN ORDERS I » 1 v' SPECIALLY SOLICITED FOR OUR g

1 Pure Pale Raw and Boiled Linseed Oil, I

Supplied in Casks of 50 Wine gallons, I ? 1 i| or in Cases of 10 Wine gallons. g » S 2 I r> QUOTATIONS MADE ON APPLICATION. | &

This Oil is manufactured from Linseed with a guaranteed fj |j 3 analysis of 98% purity. £ i »

| WHITEPARK ROAD, z=d BRIDGETOWN, § BAEBADOS. 32b

\ \ f 7 PUBLICATIONS H m

OF THE fi i ,

I IMPERIAL DEPARTMENT of AGRICULTURE 1 FOR THE WEST INDIES.

I M

g The -Agricultural News', a fortnightly review of j| agricultural progress in the West Indies, and in H the Tropics generally. ff

/ 1=1 C=l £[.

; * The West Indian Bulletin", a quarterly journal of 8 tropical agricultural science. jg g 23

I v

z Pamphlet Series on insect pests and fungus diseases ; I t sugar-cane, cotton, lime, cacao, coco-nut and jj I other cultivations. |$ * M - «=» = I

f Annual Reports on the Botanic Stations, describing H i general agricultural progress in the islands. i

I For further information and for list of Agents, prices, g B etc., see cover. M

'I a i ^^^^^mm^^mmmm^m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^TO^^ ,

— at Headquarters FOB BARBADOS H Medicines & Medical Supplies, Kodak Films, and other Photo Goods, (Printing and Developing done.) Barbados Souvenirs and m Pictorial Post Cards

KNIGHT & Co.,

Chemists & _. . . Broad St. Merchants, Barbados.

V. PARRAVICI NO. SHIP BROKER & STEAMSHIP AGENT

CONSIGNMENTS . . COALING Commissions P. 0. Box 166- % Barbados, W.I.

Consul for : — Italy. Portugal, Republica Dominica and Venezuela.

I 'LA. YELOCE' Navigaziotie Ttaliana a Vapore. CENTRAL GE3 AMERICAN u=n LINE

Regular Sailing's hence, about 20th of eaoh month, tor Trinidad La Guaira, Curacao, Puerto Colombia, Puerto Lnnou and Colon. These Steamers cany 1st. 2nd & old da>.> passengers. Steamer fitted with Wireless, and carry Doctor and Stewardesses. CUIS'NE EXCELLENT

V PRRRRVieiNO, s sem

THOMSON HANKEY & CO. St. George's and Grenville

GRENADA, B.W.I. - AND AT —

7, MINCING LANE, LONDON, E.O.

g 1 1 - - General - - I I Commission Merchants | | - and Importers of - if |$j g ENGLISH and AMERICAN g --

f| PROVISIONS, S u u U LIQUORS, g 8 n g HARDWARE, H M M g* LUMBER, §

3 BUILDING MATERIALS, and 8 s s § ESTATE SUPPLIES. p

H , g

AGENCIES

Anglo-Continental (late Ohlendorff's) Guano and Manure Works, Antwerp and London. Colonial Bank Agency at Grenville. Guardian Assurance Co., Ltd., London. Standard Life Assurance Co., Edinburgh. lioyal Mail Steam 1'acket Co.'s Agency at Grenville. Mackie & Co.'s " White Horse Cellar" Whiskey. Younger & Co.'s " Revolver " Stout and Ale.

Cable Address : HANKEY, Grenada. J j J J J J J j J J J j j j QJ&r &r JSj- ar Ss 3Lr 3j- Ss 3s aj" Ss 3r 3U -&J -^/ & -Gj Sj -Qj -&J -©/ Bj cU O !C.T.RENWICK, M PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST,

Market Square, St. George's, GRENADA.

nj Highest Grade and,Recently Imported

# «? 5 SICK ROOM AND SURGICAL REQUISITES, $

ijl U> 9 Proprietary and Patent Medicines, Confectionery,

From the leading Manufacturers iif ¥ qJ Europe and the • United States, $

always in stock. $

dispensing

In all its Branches, and at all hours Night and Day, attended to with care, precision and punctuality. ?

drocerg department J

Replete with Domestic Requisites and Comestibles 1 of all sorts and to suit everybody's taste and purse.

QJ I?

T J: •r J , O *& rSrTSrxSrsSrTSr 3r ^Sr Srs<3r SrsSrsSr c!rJSrJi3rJ^r JSrJ3r sSrsSr s3rs3r ,

rv <.^i; L. Conrad Franco,

ST. GEORGE'S, GRENADA, B.W.I.

Wholesale and Retail Provision & Spirit m i

i • I

1 gj No. 3, Young St. £j> cable address : Telephone No. 134 CONRAD. 5® gjj S3 §S

The People's Store 1-5.

Telephone. No 36. || T. LAWLOR & CO., I market square, St, George's, Grenada. 1

Established over half a century.

denentl J&mharcte, girapetg,

<-Si "' mxb pivect importers. C.v-'J

it-)

Head Office : Cork, Ireland. 38

PHARMACISTS.

r ^t. (Scovgc's, ^s. C )VcnvTtiit

HstatifiiBe-.a 1902.

DRUGS. CHEMICALS. TOILET AND INVALID REQUISITES.

Perfumery and all Proprietary Medicines. QUALIFIED DISPENSERS in attendance Day and Night.

groceries oj \\ve \)e^\ c^uaUV^.

/'. 0. BOX 41. TELEPHONE No. 93.

H Ralph Mitchell, pharmaceutical Cbemtst, "THE PEOPLE'S PHARMACY,"

No. 5, Granby Street, St. George's, Grenada, W I.

TELEPHONE No. SO.

Drugs and Chemicals of the finest quality. PATENT MEDICINES for every ailment, SURGICAL AND MEDICAL APPLIANCES,

Nursery and Nursing requisites,

jerjumerx axvi Jo\\e\ accessories

of every description always kept in stock. :

:)<)

JOHN FRANCO,

Wholesale and Retail Daeler in . . .

English and American Provisions. — IMPORTER OF — Spirits, Wines, Malt Liquors ^ — AND — Family Su ppl ies Ge neral ly

4, Halifax Street, St, George's,

Telephone No. 23.

H. H. TAYLOR. Accountant, Auctioneer,

Commission and Insurance Agent,

Licensed Dealer in Produce.

Agencies THE BALDWIN CO. OF CINCINNATI, OHIO. riANOS, ORGANS, ETC. THE CENTURY MANUFACTURING CO., EAST ST. LOUIS, ILLINOIS. CARRIAGES AND HARNESS. DAYTON'S SPRAYERS & WHITEWASHING MACHINES, Etc., Etc., Etc. MANUFACTURERS' LIFE INSURANCE CO., OF TORONTO, CANADA. FIRE INSURANCE CO.—WANTED. STEAMSHIP AGENCY. -WANTED.

OFFICE AND SHOW ROOMS : Corner of Cross and Melville Streets. Telehone No. 7L Cable Address: TAYLOR, GRENADA. Code used: ABC 5th Edition. 10 "THE STORES" (GRENADA). Limited,

St. George's, Grenville and Garriacou

General Merchants. Dealers in Hardware. Plantation Supplies.

A large and varied supply of

CARRIAGE REQUISITES, PAINTS AND OILS, Always in Stock.

i^rocene^ o$ \\ve c\\o\ces\ V\t\As veceWeA Jor\xv\cjV\V(

The best brands of

CHAMPAGNE, PORT, SHERRY, MADEIRA DRANDY, WHISKY,

- - - - GIN, RUM - - and other Liquors on hand.

Feeds of Various Sorts. Dealers in Prodace. VIEW FROM GOVERNMENT HOUSE, ST. VINCENT.

41 EVAN HOPLEY KINGSTOWN, St. Vincent, B.W.L

Wholesale and Retail Dealer ^«* General Importer of: Exporter' of:

JjOotlGtuffs - (Ecrcoa -

- vtn}> -

. (Eavtlicnluavc w JUtOlDVJJOt RLFRED WHITTLE,

General Importer of Wholesale Exporter of

and Canadian firrow- and British Retail : - Produce Dealer : root

Kingstown,

ST. VINCENT, B.W.I. 42

Manuel Da Costa,

=r<>czi c=>0c=] c=>0<=i c=>0<=i 1 1=>0=] c=X>a | || || || [ 1 General Importer Exporter of

GROCERIES. - LOCAL -

- WINES, -

- SPIRITS. - PRODUCE. AND FOODSTUFFS.

> ii=0<=] i| i=>0<=] e=^0<=i |C3>0<=]| cz>0<=i I= <=1 || | l J

/ i

K [ngStown, St. Vincent, B W'.I. ORANGE WINE.

i ^ji*^- i <

deliciou.s beverage made [ j A

J from native Oranges possessing |_

] a flavour and appetizing taste of U

J its own. It is healthful, invig- [LJ

orating and sustaining.

i —______<

31 /th la sold on^rxrx" B~y W, O. FORD, s aint Vincent, B.W.I.

1 —

HOTEL LIN LEY

Situated in the cool and picturesque harbour of

Kingstown, St. Vincent, B.W.I.

First class Table Service,

Efficient attendence,

Cool Rooms well furnished and on sanitary principles.

A well supplied Bar.

Everything conducive to the comfort of visitors

Terms Moderate. Special arrangements for prolonged terms of board or lodging.

* HOTEL eBI6HTI * (Late Mrs. Brisbane's) Established for 25 Years.

Situated in a . . . CENTRAL POSITION

With a full view of the Kingstown Harbour. This Establishment is so well known by callers at St. Vincent, that much need not be said. We guarantee excellent cuisine proper attendance—and cool and commodious rooms. Each bed furnished with mosquito net. The proprietors ....

Ma. & MRS. J. DENISTON CHRICHTON, attend personally to every detail, and spare no cost or labour to make their guests / comfortable. 44

A. C ALLEN,

General Importer of ENGU5H, CANADIAN, —AND— AMERICAN GOOPS.

Exporter of

Hrromroot and Cocoa. :kh:n-gs-sto-w~:isi\ St. Vincent, B.W.I. PRTIT PITON, SOUPRIERE, ST. LUCIA.

Import and Export Merchants,

GENERAL COMMISSION AGENTS AND

- - COAL CONTRACTORS - -

Netherlands Consulate, Consular Agency of Italy, Lloyds Agents, German Consulate

V AGENCIES \J

Royal Mail 8 team Packet Co. Coal Depots of:

North British & Mercantile Insurance Co. Cory Brothers & Co.. Limited. Marine Insurance Co.

Liverpool Underwriters' Cory's Merthyr Association. Steam Coal,

Compagnie General Trans- atlantique. Berwind White & Co.

La Veloce Navigazione Italiana. Eureka American Coal

Telegraphic Address .—CHASTNET, SAINTLUCIA.

Codes Used :—A B C Code, 4th and 5th Editions, Scotfs

Code, Wathins' Code, A.I. Telegraph Code, Lieber's Code.

St. Lucia, West Indies. '

M acfarlane Junigr&C

- - General and - -

( Jommission Merchants

IMPORTERS OF: jj> S

Lumber, Flour, and all Foodstuffs, etc. «v

6 g AGENCIES: g ePickford & Black Coy., Ltd., ft West India Line. U

The East Asiatic Coy., Ltd., ^ West India Line. ft

Frederick Leyland & Co., ft g West India & Pacific Branch. £/

J^ Law Union & Hock Insurance Coy. ^

\3 Seeberg Line. 8 S g EXPORTERS OF: Q Sugar, Molasses, Cocoa and other West ?1 g Indian Produce. 5? 8 9

Telegraphic Address :—MACFARLANE.

SAINT LUCIA, * WEST INDIES. 47

So as H Saint Lucia, W.I. $5

3?5 PETER I Co.,

^:^

to* CONTRACTORS TO

S?5 British & United States NAVIES.

R8 71 >^< U !||cZ>^X=3| D^a|[^^>CZl|[l I I X c II I | )

Cable Address : PETERS. PRINCIPAL CODES USED.

fss?

>. »

DO 4S ROSEAU, JNO. ft MKDGWICK, DOMINICA.

t\ j

* 4 f " if" ''-' \P I jf jt H CHEAPEST HOUSE FOR Also a large CHEAPEST HOUSE FOR Tweeds, Serges, Meltons, variety of Ribbons, Lace?, Gloves, Venetians. Fancy Tweeds. Feathers, h lowers & Hosiery, White Calicoes, Groceries will Ladles' Hats, White Muslins, Men's Fe|t and Coloured Muslins. Straw Hats, Bocts and Shoes. be found at Tweed Caps. "THE GROCERY" in Market Square. SIMON OI©ieiR a Roseau, and *Jgg£ Dominica.

GROWER AND EXPORTER OF fc

Fresh Limes, Oranges and Cocoa.

— ALSO —

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN

RAW LIME JUICE, BAY OIL, DISTILLED LIME OIL, EXPRESSED OILS OF ORANGES AND LIMES.

Orders Solicited.

MAKING BAMBOO POTS.

Limes ! Limes ! Limes ! ATLANTIS AND DELPHIS BRANDS.

Silver Banksian Modal at the Colonial Fruit Exhibition of the Royal Horticultural Society, held in London in June 190S. FRESH GREEN LIMES from the Estates owned by the Members of The Dominica Fruit Growers' Association,

Supplied in barrels holding from 1,200 to 1,400 Limes, or in boxes of two sizes, containing, respectively, about 230 and 100.

' The Lancet says : The lemon is a deservedly popular fruit . . . the lime is not so well known, although from the point of view of flavour it is regarded by many as being even superior to the lemon. Comparative analyses show that the lemon contains 37*50 pev cent, of its weight in juice, with 4*57 per cent, of citric acid, and the lime 59'00 per cent, of its weight in juice with 5-60 r er cent, of citric acid.'

Apply to the Secretary, B. A. Agar, % & La Haut Estate, Dominica, B.W.I.

Dry Goods, General and

Commission Merchants. agents m m M ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY. LTD.

Slippers of the famous D.O.fl. Limes

ABC Code, 4th and 5th Editions.

Cable Address : RIVIERE, Dominica. P. 0. Box 104.

ROSEAU, DOMINICA, B.W.I. :

JAS. R. H. BRIDGEWATER

Druggist and Commission Merchant.

— DEALER IN —

LIME JUICE, UMES and ORANGES,

ROSEAU. DOMINICA, B.W.I.

Cable Address •BRIDGEWATER," A P RrtY 191l i% Dominica. * ' W * UUA *

S. L. VAUGHAN GREEN,

Druggist, Grocer and

Commission Merchant,

EXPORTER OF

$imes, |£ime Juice, (Oranges & (Eacoa

P. O. Box 31. Roseau, Dominica, B.W.I.

>-»-«-

Cable Address : Green, Dominica.

ft. C Shillingford,

Ipnrtjgist ant) Commission Jfterchant

Exporter of

RAW LIME JT T 1CE, ORANGES, COCOA, COCOANOTS, HAND PRESSED LIME OIL AND

- The EUREKft Ersnd cf Limes -

^«'.-WEST INDIA OIL CO.

P. O. BOX 131.

Cable Address :~SHILINF0D, Dominica.

ROSEAU, DOMINICA, B.W.I.

Wilson Dupigny, i j

Merchant and Druggist, §

AND C|

- - General - - «S

g Roseau, Dominica, B.W.I. §

P. 0. Box 32. .

James Garraway & Co,, (Established 1828.) MARKET SQUARE ROSEAU. ^ DOMINICA, B.W.I. Cable Address: GARRAWAY. Dominica.

General anfc - - Commission Merchants &'• I )ealers in Cocoa, &c,

Importers of English. Cana- dian and American goods, including Foodstuffs of all descriptions. JTobacco and Lumber.

i Exporters of Concentrated Lime Juice and Distilled Oil

l of Limes from their own

I Plantations.

P.O. Box L12

W. C. WINSTON & CO., Old Street & Market Square,

Roseau, Dominica.

Dealers in : DRY GOODS, MILLINERY, HOOTS and SHOES. HARDWARE, PAINTS, OILS, STATIONERY, GROCERIES. LIQUORS I * Exporters of: ail LIME PRODUCTS amj COCOA ETC. ETC.

W. C. WINSTON, Manager. 53 R. W. DOBSON,

Shipping Jlgcnt anto

(General (liomntission iflctdvant

St. John's, Antigua, W.I.

Consignments carefully handled and Proceeds remitted promptly

an d Orders for Sugar r Molasses EXECUTED WTTH DESPATCH. >-»-< pro forma Recount Sales, Invoices, Cable Address

. . DOBSON, ,. , t ± etc., supplied on application. antigua.

:— B C, 4th 5th Edition. CABLE ADDRESS : CODES A & BENNETT. Antigua. Watkin's. Western Union. GEO w, BENNETT, BRYS0N& CA LIE

Estate and Shipping ftgents and

General Commission Merchants,

ST.-JOHN'S, ^3^TT, IGtXJ^l_

Agents for Pick ford & Black Steamship Co., Ltd. Royal Mail Steam Packet Company.

The Direct Line : Messrs. Scrutton, Sons & Co.

Consignments placed promptly at best rates. Orders

executed for Sugar, Molasses, etc 54

The "Variety" Store,

• C. G. PHILLIP,

Jeweller and /'

THE HOUSE FOR NOVELTIES THE RIGHT PLACE FOR JEWELLERY

^jT The Place, the name of which is a correct interpre- tation of its supplies

Old Street, Roseau, Dominica.

ROSEAU, * DOMINICA. $ B.W.I.

J\ve ' q) &ea\ " J\vavmac>(.

Drugs and Druggist Sundrie3, Fatent and Proprietary Medicines % and Toilet Articles, ^ Infants' and Invalids' Poods and Tonic Wines, Waterman's " Ideal "* Pens and Ink, Groceries and Provisions.

gjCT" Dispensing, done with Accuracy, Neatness and Quick Despatch.

Cable Address :— " IDEAL:

ARTHUR F. WATSON, DRUGGIST & GROCER. :

A. J. CA MACHO & CO., General and Commission Merchants Estate and Shipping- Agents, ST. JOHN'S, 93$ ANTIGUA, W.I.

I reporters S> D

Northern As>uranej Company for Fire and Life ffgenis for Q lebee steamship Company The Harrison Line of Steamers

AT THEIR STORE, NO 65 REDOLIFFE STREET, OAN BE HAD (^ Men's Riding Saddles, Solid Nickel Riding and ^ Driving Bits, Stirrups and Spars, Horse Clippers Horse Brushes, Heads and Reins, Double and Single Driving Reins, Traces, Mule Harness, Buggy Wheels of all sizes, and a well assorted stock of General Hardware, Corn, O lmeal. Lumber of all descriptions, of best quality and at reasonable <^j) c=i O <3> prices. O O y ST. JOHN'S, ANTIGUA, B.W.I.

CODES USED CABLE ADDRESS : C 4t h M MACDONALDS^ Antigua, " a* w°atRln s fn^tf ^ McDonalds & Co. (ESTABLISHED 1830) ANTIGUA, $ B.W.I. (Smeral Commission Merchants (Estates aitb ^hipping Jlgenis

Importers of Exporters of

English, American and || Sugab, d d Molasses Canadian Goods, Cooperage and other West India j Supplies and Estate StoresJ I — Produce. —

BQGlUS for East Asiatic Co., Ltd., Copenhagen (Copenha- gen, Continent and London to West Indies). Leyland S.S. Co. (1900.) Providence Clerks and General Mutual Assurance Association, London. Western Assurance Co., Toronto. North German Marine Insurance Co. Alliance Assurance Co,, Ltd., London. 56 JOHN R.ANcJO

y\a\r dresser and 5o\)accom^\, A^TIGKCTA..

- Assorted Toilet Requisites -

Tobacco, Cigars and Cigarettes,

A fine Selaction kept of:

Pipes, Cigars and Cigarette Cases.

and Tobacco Pouches -

C^ The coolest, cleanesl and most comfortable hair-outting room in Antigua. RAZORS SET AND GROUND.

54 High Street, St. John s.

Stephen R. Blendes,

(Sencral artb QurmmiSBian JHerchani,

ANTIGUA, W;i.

Codes : Unicode; 8th Ed. Post Office Box No. 25.

A B C. 4th & 5th Editions. Cable Addjr ess : General Telegraph. 2nd Ed. " MENDESTEPH." Antigua.

Hgencies for reputable eoneerns will be accepted -SPECIALITIES-

Flours of all Grades. Breadstuffs. Provisions, Fishstuffs, Lumber, etc.

Consignments carefully handled and prompt remittance made

—

DEPARTMENT PUBLICATIONS.

PAMPHLET SERIES. The following list gives particulars of the pamphlets issued by the Imperial Department of Agriculture that are still available :

Seedling and other Canes at Barbados, in 1900, No. 3, price 2df. ; in 1001,

No. 13, price Ad. ; in 1902, No. 19, price Ad. ; in 1903, No. 26, price Ad. ; in 1904, No. 32, price Ad.

Seedling Canes and Mannrial Experiments at Barbados, in 1903-5, No. 40,

price Qd. ; in 1904-6, No. 44, price Qd. ; in 1905-7, No. 49, price Qd. ; in

1906-8, No. 59, price Qd.-, in 1907-9, No. 62, price Qd. ; in 1908-10, No. 66, Price Qd.

Seedling and other Canes in the Leeward Islands, in 1900-1, No. 12,

price 2d. ; in 1901-2, No. 20, price 2d. ; in 1902-3, No. 27, price 2d. ; in

1903-4, No. 33, price Id. ; in 1904-5, No. 39, price Ad. ; in 1905-6, No. 46,

price Ad. ; in 1906-7, No. 50, price Ad. ; in 1907-8, No. 56, price Ad. ; in

1908-9, No. 63, price 6rf. ; in 1909-10, No. 67, price Qd. Manurial Experiments with Sugar-cane in the Leeward Islands, in 1902-3,

No. 30, price Ad. ; in 1903-4, No. 36, price Ad. ; in 1904-5, No. 42,

price 4d. ; in 1905-6, No. 47, price Ad. ; in 1906-7, No. 51, price Ad. ; in

1907-8, No. 57, price Ad. ; in 1908-9, No. 64, price Ad. in 1909-10 No. 68 rice Ad. Sugar-cane Experiments in the Leeward Islands, 1901-11 and 1911-12. Parts I and II, published together in Royal 8vo. Price One Shilling. General.

Scaje Insects of the Lesser Antilles, Part I., No. 7, price 4(2. ; Part II. No. 22, price Ad.

(5) General Treatment of Insect Pests, 2nd Edition, Revised. Price Ad. (14) Screw. Worm in Cattle at St. Lucia. Price 2d. (15) Plain Talk to Small Owners. Price 2d. (16) Hints on Onion Cultivation. Price 2d. (17) General Treatment of Fungoid Pests. Price Ad. (18) Recipes for. Cooking West Indian Yams. Price 2d. (25) Ground Nuts in the West Indies. Price 2d. (28) Barbados and Porto Rico Molasses. Price Sd. (34) Notes on Rabbit Keeping in the West Indies. Price 2d. (35) Information in regard to Agricultural Banks. Price 5d. (37) Cultivation of Oranges in Dominica. Price Ad. (38) Cultivation and Curing of Tobacco. Price Ad. (41) Tobago, Hints to Settlers. Price Qd. (43) Cotton Seed and Cotton-cake-meal on West Indian Plantations Price 2d. (45) A B C of Cotton Planting. New and Enlarged Edition. Price Qd. (54) Fungus diseases of Cacao and Sanitation of Cacao Orchards. Price Ad. (55) Millions and Mosquitos. Price Sd. (58) Insect Pests of Cacao. Price Ad. (60) Cotton Gins. How to erect and work them. Price Ad. (61) The Grafting of Cacao. Price Ad. (65) Hints on School Gardens. Fourth Edition.

(69) Hints to Settlers in St. Lucia. Price 6c?. (70) Coco-nut Cultivation in the West Indies. Price Qd. (71) Insect Pests in the Lesser Antilles. Price Is. 3d. (72) Lime Cultivation in the West Indies (in the press.) (73) Root Borers and other Grubs in West Indian Soils [in course of preparation.) The above (except No. 71) will be supplied post free for an additional charge of \d. for the pamphlets marked 2d., Id. for those marked id., and l\d. for Nos. 40, 41,44 45, 59, 62, 63, 66, 67, 69 and 70. The postage for No. 71 is Sd. AGRICULTURAL NEWS, The Fortnightly Illustrated Review of the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies.

The Agricultural News is published regularly on every alternate Saturday, in time for the outgoing mail. The Agricultural News has met with a cordial reception both in the West Indies, and in other parts of the world. The circulation is steadily increasing, and it supplies a long-felt want in furnishing agricultural information, plainly worded, and exactly suited to the requirements of these colonies. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE states 'The Agricultural News, the newly established Review of the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, always good, improves as it goes on. It supplies to the planter just the kind of information he requires, and emphasizes the need of brain culture as a preliminary to practical work.'

LE BULLETIN de rile « AGRICOLE MAURICE : U Agricultural News, interessant 1 et instructif organe du Department Imperial d'Agriculture des West Indies.'

Letters and matter for publication, as well as all specimens for naming, should be addressed to the Commissioner, Imperial Department of Agriculture, Head Office, Barbados. All applications for copies of the Agricultural News should be addressed to the Agents, and not to the Department. A complete list of the London and Local Agents is as follows : —

London : Messrs. Dulau & Co., 37, Soho Square, W.

Barbados : Advocate Co., Ltd., Bridgeto i Jamaica : The Educational Supply Company, 10 King Street, Kingston.

British Guiana ' ' : The Daily Chronicle Office, Georgetown. Trinidad : Messrs. Muik, Marshall & Co., Port-of-Spain. Tobago : Mr. C. L. Plagemann, Scarborough. Grenada : The Stores, (Grenada) Limited, St. George. St. Vincent : Mr. S. L. Moseley, Agricultural School. St. Lucia : Mr. M. A. Lawrence, Botanic Station. Dominica • Mr. J. R. H. Bridgewater, Roseau. Montserrat: Mr. W. Robson, Botanic Station.

Antigua . Mr. S. D. Malone,SL John's.

St. Kitts : The Bible & Book Supply Agency, Bassetcr e.

Nevis : Messrs. Howell Bros., Charlestown. The price of the Agricultural Neivs is Id. per number post free, 2d. Annual subscription, payable to Agents, 2s. 2d. — post free, 4s. id. Volumes V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI complete, with title page and index, as issued— Price 5s. each, post free. Some numbers of the earlier volumes are out of print, and therefore these volumes cannot be supplied complete. The e of charges for Advertisements maybe obtained on application to the Agents as nbove.

Advocate Co. , Ltd., Barbados.