Tolypocladium Fumosum Fungal Planet Description Sheets 379

378 Persoonia – Volume 38, 2017

Tolypocladium fumosum Fungal Planet description sheets 379

Fungal Planet 623 – 20 June 2017 Tolypocladium fumosum Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Pawłowska & Wrzosek, sp. nov.

Etymology. Named after the fumaceous grey colour of the stroma. Typus. Poland, Suwałki Lake District (Pojezierze Suwalskie), Wigry National Park, Czarna Hańcza river valley, south-east of Sobolewo village, Classification — Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Sorda N54.04849° E23.04272°; alder carr Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, at tree base of riomycetes. Alnus glutinosa, among mosses, on caterpillar case of unidentified Lepidop- tera from Psychidae family, 1 Oct. 2012, M. Staniaszek-Kik (holotype WA Stromata connected with a yellowish rhizomorph-like structure 18945, isotype CBS H-22968, ITS and LSU sequences GenBank KU925171 to a buried caterpillar case of lepidopteran host belonging to and KU985053, MycoBank MB816126). the Psychidae family (bagworm moths), unidentified to species level; stroma single, unbranched, with well-defined, rounded Notes — The genus Tolypocladium (= Elaphocordyceps) apex, pale chalcedony yellow at the base (plate XVII in Ridgway was established in 1971 for three species of soil-isolated fungi 2005) to dark gull grey at the apex (plate LIII in Ridgway 2005). and currently is defined mainly on a molecular basis (Sung et al. The stalk slightly twisted, 10 × 1 mm, built with branched, sep- 2007). Quandt et al. (2014) accepted 27 species in the genus tate hyaline hyphae, cells inflated at the basal septum (up to 3.5 and Gazis et al. (2014) described three species isolated from µm). Fertile part of stroma almost 1/5–1/4 of the total length, Hevea (rubber tree). Diverse ecologies of Tolypocladium taxa ellipsoidal when young and capitate when mature, enlarged up (parasites of fungi, insects and rotifers, soil saprobes, plant to 3.8 mm diam, with stellate appearance due to aggregated endophytes) are explained by the ‘host habitat hypothesis’ perithecia erumpent from stroma (up to one half of the length). (Nikoh & Fukatsu 2000, Gazis et al. 2014). Only T. inflatum Perithecial apex partly covered by dense matt of the stroma has a known sexual morph. The asexual morph has been also outer layer (up to 46.5 µm thick), grey in colour, easily peelable. reported for T. japonicum (cultural studies by Ke & Ju 2015). Interior distinctly paler, visible around some ostioles. Perithecia Morphological characters of both morphs of T. fumosum agree ovoid to pear-shaped, 740–760 × 444–558 µm, perithecial with the generic concept of the genus (Quandt et al. 2014). It wall of brown pigmented textura angularis (outer layer, cells differs from other species in the gross morphology of stromata: thin-walled, 6–10 µm diam) and of paler textura epidermoidea they are smoky grey, bereft of brownish, greenish or olivaceous (inner layer, hyphae 4–5 µm diam, with wall thick up to 1.2 µm). tints that are characteristic for the majority of Tolypocladium Ostiolum papillate up to 79 µm long, and 25 µm diam at the species. Only two other Elaphomyces-associated species apex. Asci numerous, cylindrical, narrow, up to 200 × 5–6 µm, have grey stromata: T. minazukiense and T. miomoteanum non-amyloid, the walls fragile at spore maturity, the apex with (Kobayashi & Shimizu 1982). However, both species form much conspicuously thickened cup (up to 3 µm), with a narrow, central bigger stromata (50–120 × 5–12 mm and 65 × 6 mm, respec- pore. Ascospores eight per ascus, hyaline, filiform, smooth, tively vs 10 × 3.8 mm) as well as perithecia and part-spores disarticulating into part-spores within asci. Part-spores short (16–18 × 3 µm and 8–11 × 1.5–2 µm vs 2–4.5 × 1.2–1.5 µm). cylindrical to cubic, with flattened ends and wall equally thick, In terms of stromatal shape and size of perithecia and part- 2–4.5(–6) × 1–1.5(–2) µm, apical part-spores long obovoid, spores the species seems to be the most similar to T. inflatum. 4–5 × 1 µm. Asexual morph present at the base of the stro- However, the asexual morph differs by size and shape of phia matal stalk. Conidiomata absent. Conidiophores 1(–2)-celled, lides (base inflated, 3–5 × 2–3 µm vs base slightly swollen, discrete, micronematic, arranged irregularly, perpendicular 8–10 × 1.5–1.8 µm) and shape of conidia that are ± equal in size to conidiophore, hyaline, monophialidic, flask-shaped with (ellipsoidal, 2–2.5 × 1.4–2 µm vs obovate to cylindrical, 2–3.5 × enlarged base and tapering into narrow neck, sometimes bent 1.8–2 µm). Both in T. fumosum and T. inflatum the first phialides from the axis, smooth-walled, 8–10(–12) × 1.5–2 µm. Conidia produced are acremonium-like (Hodge et al. 1996). The distinc- produced abundantly, aggregated, in slimy heads, obovate to tive character of T. fumosum is the presence of asexual morph cylindrical, smooth, hyaline, aseptate, without oil drops, 2–3.5 at the base of stromatal stipe, a character that it shares with × 1.5–2 µm. Chlamydospores absent. T. ophioglossoides (according to Saccardo (1883), conidia from Culture characteristics — Both part-ascospores and conidia the initial mycelium of stroma are mentioned in the species de- germinate in vitro on artificial media (MEA, PDA, OA). Growth scription) and T. inflatum (asexual morph observed on host body of mycelium on mentioned media is sparse, slow, maximum and wood surrounding it; Hodge et al. 1996). Nevertheless, the 1 cm / 3 d, white, with abundant aerial mycelium, no soluble asexual morphs in the genus seem to be highly variable and pigments present. Numerous anastomoses are formed on the the new species is best separated based on its DNA phylogeny. colony edge. According to the ITS phylogeny (MycoBank supplementary data), T. fumosum is different from all other Tolypocladium species (96 % similarity to T. cylindrosporum, T. ophioglossoides, T. inflatum and T. tundrense).

Colour illustrations. The habitat of the fungus – the alder tree base covered with moss; ascus with disarticulating ascospores; perithecium; part- ascospores; stroma emerging from the mosses; phialides and conidia; the edge of the colony with anastomosing hyphae. Scale bars = 10 µm

Małgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, Department of Algology and Mycology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237 Łódź, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Julia Pawłowska & Marta Wrzosek, Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, University of Warsaw, Żwirki and Wigury 101, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] & [email protected] Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Department of Geobotany and Plant Ecology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237 Łódź, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Maciej Romański, Wigry National Park, Krzywe 82, PL-16-402 Suwałki, Poland; e-mail: [email protected]