Vol1art2.Pdf
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Unravelling the Diversity Behind the Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) Complex: Three New Species of Zombie-Ant Fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
Phytotaxa 220 (3): 224–238 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.220.3.2 Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon JOÃO P. M. ARAÚJO1*, HARRY C. EVANS2, DAVID M. GEISER3, WILLIAM P. MACKAY4 & DAVID P. HUGHES1, 5* 1 Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. 2 CAB International, E-UK, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom 3 Department of Plant Pathology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, United States of America. 5 Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. * email: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract In tropical forests, one of the most commonly encountered relationships between parasites and insects is that between the fungus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and ants, especially within the tribe Campono- tini. Here, we describe three newly discovered host-specific species, Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis, O. camponoti- bispinosi and O. camponoti-indiani, on Camponotus ants from the central Amazonian region of Brazil, which can readily be separated using morphological traits, in particular the shape and behavior of the ascospores. DNA sequence data support inclusion of these species within the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex. Introduction In tropical forests, social insects (ants, bees, termites and wasps) are the most abundant land-dwelling arthropods. -
Hyphomycetes from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Including Three New Species
Fungal Diversity Hyphomycetes from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, including three new species Huzefa A. Raja1, Alberto M. Stchigel2, Andrew N. Miller3*, J. L. Crane3, 1 and Carol A. Shearer 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. 2Unitat de Microbiologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain. 3Section for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois 61820-6970, USA. Raja, H.A., Stchigel, A.M., Miller, A.N., Crane, J.L. and Shearer, C.A. (2007). Hyphomycetes from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, including three new species. Fungal Diversity 26: 271-286. As part of the All Taxa Biotic Inventory currently being conducted in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, samples of woody debris in freshwater and terrestrial habitats as well as leaves and soil organic matter in terrestrial habitats were collected and studied to detect the presence of hyphomycetes. Sixty hyphomycetes are reported here, and three new species are described and illustrated. Eleven species are new records for the USA, and fifteen species are new records for the park. Key words: anamorph, fresh water, mitosporic, systematics, wood Introduction An All Taxa Biotic Inventory (ATBI) is currently underway in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), USA. In conjunction with a non- profit organization, Discover Life In America (DLIA), the aim of the ATBI is to inventory all life forms in the park. Goals of the ATBI are to determine: 1) what species exist in the park; 2) where the species occur in the park; and, 3) the roles species play in the park ecosystems (Sharkey, 2001). -
Standardized Nuclear Markers Advance Metazoan Taxonomy
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.07.443120; this version posted May 8, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Standardized nuclear markers advance metazoan taxonomy Lars Dietz1, Jonas Eberle1,2, Christoph Mayer1, Sandra Kukowka1, Claudia Bohacz1, Hannes Baur3, Marianne Espeland1, Bernhard A. Huber1, Carl Hutter4, Ximo Mengual1, Ralph S. Peters1, Miguel Vences5, Thomas Wesener1, Keith Willmott6, Bernhard Misof1,7, Oliver Niehuis8, Dirk Ahrens*1 1Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany 2Paris-Lodron-University, Salzburg, Austria 3Naturhistorisches Museum Bern/ Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Switzerland 4Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA 5Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany 6Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA 7Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany 8Abt. Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie, Institut für Biologie I, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract Species are the fundamental units of life and their recognition is essential for science and society. DNA barcoding, the use of a single and often mitochondrial gene, has been increasingly employed as a universal approach for the identification of animal species. However, this approach faces several challenges. Here, we demonstrate with empirical data from a number of metazoan animal lineages that multiple nuclear-encoded markers, so called universal single-copy orthologs (USCOs) performs much better than the single barcode gene to discriminate closely related species. Overcoming the general shortcomings of mitochondrial DNA barcodes, USCOs also accurately assign samples to higher taxonomic levels. -
What Can the Bacterial Community of Atta Sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) Tell Us About the Habitats in Which This Ant Species Evolves?
insects Article What Can the Bacterial Community of Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758) Tell Us about the Habitats in Which This Ant Species Evolves? Manuela de Oliveira Ramalho 1,2,*, Cintia Martins 3, Maria Santina Castro Morini 4 and Odair Correa Bueno 1 1 Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais—CEIS, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Campus Rio Claro, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 129 Garden Ave, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA 3 Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Parnaíba, Piauí 64202-020, Brazil; [email protected] 4 Núcleo de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida e Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 March 2020; Accepted: 22 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Studies of bacterial communities can reveal the evolutionary significance of symbiotic interactions between hosts and their associated bacteria, as well as identify environmental factors that may influence host biology. Atta sexdens is an ant species native to Brazil that can act as an agricultural pest due to its intense behavior of cutting plants. Despite being extensively studied, certain aspects of the general biology of this species remain unclear, such as the evolutionary implications of the symbiotic relationships it forms with bacteria. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, we compared for the first time the bacterial community of A. -
Norwegian Biodiversity Policy and Action Plan – Cross-Sectoral Responsibilities and Coordination
Ministry of the Environment Summary in English: Report No. 42 to the Storting (2000-2001) Published by: Royal Ministry of the Environment Norwegian biodiversity policy Additional copies may be ordered from: Statens forvaltningstjeneste Informasjonsforvaltning and action plan – cross-sectoral E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +47 22 24 27 86 Publication number: T-1414 responsibilities and coordination Translation: Alison Coulthard Coverdesign: Seedesign as Printed by: www.kursiv.no, Oslo 8/2002 Summary in English: Report No. 42 to the Storting (2000–2001) Norwegian biodiversity policy and action plan – cross-sectoral responsibilities and coordination Side 1 Cyan Magenta Yellow Sort ISBN 82-457-0366-4 www.kursiv.no SIDE 2 Cyan Magenta Yellow Sort Table of Content 0 Summary ......................................... 5 3 A new policy: towards knowledge-based management 1 Introduction .................................... 8 of biological diversity .................... 39 1.1 Implementation of the UN 3.1 Main conclusion of the white Convention on Biological Diversity paper: a new management system – challenges at international level .. 8 for biodiversity is needed ................ 39 1.2 Implementation of the UN 3.2 Joint action forming part of the Convention on Biological Diversity seven main tasks in the period – challenges at national level .......... 10 2001–2005 .......................................... 41 1.3 About the white paper ..................... 11 3.2.1 Identifying cross-sectoral and sectoral responsibilities and 2 A coordinated approach to the coordinating the use of policy conservation and use of instruments ....................................... 41 biological diversity ........................ 12 3.2.1.1 Cross-sectoral and sectoral 2.1 Vision, targets and strategy ............ 12 responsibilities .................................. 41 2.1.1 Vision ................................................. 12 3.2.1.2 Coordinating the use of policy 2.1.2 Targets ............................................. -
Pathogenic and Enzyme Activities of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Tolypocladium Cylindrosporum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina
Pathogenic and enzyme activities of the entomopathogenic fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina Ana C. Scorsetti1*, Lorena A. Elíades1, Sebastián A. Stenglein2, Marta N. Cabello1,3, Sebastián A. Pelizza1,4 & Mario C.N. Saparrat1,5,6 1. Instituto de Botánica Carlos Spegazzini (FCNyM-UNLP) 53 # 477, (1900), La Plata, Argentina; [email protected], [email protected] 2. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-CEBB-CONICET, Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Agronomía de Azul, UNCPBA, República de Italia # 780, Azul (7300), Argentina; [email protected] 3. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aires; [email protected] 4. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP, Calle 2 # 584, La Plata (1900), Argentina; [email protected] 5. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP)- CCT-La Plata- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Diag. 113 y 61, CC 327, 1900-La Plata, Argentina; [email protected] 6. Cátedra de Microbiología Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, 60 y 119, 1900-La Plata, Argentina. * Corresponding author Received 27-IV-2011. Corrected 20-VIII-2011. Accepted 14-IX-2011. Abstract: Tolypocladium cylindrosporum is an entomopathogenic fungi that has been studied as a biological control agent against insects of several orders. The fungus has been isolated from the soil as well as from insects of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this study, we analyzed the ability of a strain of T. cylindrosporum, isolated from soil samples taken in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, to produce hydro- lytic enzymes, and to study the relationship of those activities to the fungus pathogenicity against pest aphids. -
Occurrence of Purpureocillium Lilacinum in Citrus Black Fly Nymphs
ISSN 0100-2945 DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.1590/0100-29452018237 Scientific Communication Occurrence of Purpureocillium lilacinum in citrus black fly nymphs Fabíola Rodrigues Medeiros1, Raimunda Nonata Santos de Lemos2, Antonia Alice Costa Rodrigues2, Antonio Batista Filho3, Leonardo de Jesus Machado Gois de Oliveira4, José Ribamar Gusmão Araújo2 Abstract - Black fly is a pest of Asian origin that causes direct and indirect damages to citrus, damaging the development and production of plants. For the development of efficient management strategies of the pest, the integration of control methods is necessary, and biological control is the most appropriate. Among the agents that can be used, entomopathogenic fungi are considered one of the most important and wide-ranging use. This work investigated the occurrence of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa-ard et al. (= Paecilomyces lilacinus), attacking nymphs of citrus black fly,Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The fungus was isolated from infected Black fly nymphs, present on Citrus spp leaves in the municipality of Morros, Maranhão. After isolation, purification and morphological and molecular characterization, pathogenicity test was performed with A. woglumi nymphs. Morphological and molecular correspondence was verified between inoculum and the reisolated, proving the pathogenicity of P. lilacinum. Index terms: biological control, Aleurocanthus woglumi, entomopathogenic, fungi. Ocorrência de Purpureocillium lilacinum em ninfas de mosca-negra-dos-citros Resumo - A mosca-negra é uma praga de origem asiática que causa danos diretos e indiretos aos citros, prejudicando o desenvolvimento e a produção das plantas. Para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo eficientes da praga, é necessária a integração de métodos de controle, sendo o controle biológico o mais indicado. -
Purpureocillium Lilacinum and Metarhizium Marquandii As Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi
Purpureocillium lilacinum and Metarhizium marquandii as plant growth-promoting fungi Noemi Carla Baron1, Andressa de Souza Pollo2 and Everlon Cid Rigobelo1 1 Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT Background: Especially on commodities crops like soybean, maize, cotton, coffee and others, high yields are reached mainly by the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. The biological management of crops is a relatively recent concept, and its application has increased expectations about a more sustainable agriculture. The use of fungi as plant bioinoculants has proven to be a useful alternative in this process, and research is deepening on genera and species with some already known potential. In this context, the present study focused on the analysis of the plant growth promotion potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Purpureocillium lavendulum and Metarhizium marquandii aiming its use as bioinoculants in maize, bean and soybean. Methods: Purpureocillium spp. and M. marquandii strains were isolated from soil samples. They were screened for their ability to solubilize phosphorus (P) and produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the most promising strains were tested at greenhouse in maize, bean and soybean plants. Growth promotion parameters including plant height, dry mass and contents of P and nitrogen (N) in the plants and Submitted 18 December 2019 in the rhizospheric soil were assessed. Accepted 27 March 2020 Results: Thirty strains were recovered and characterized as Purpureocillium Published 27 May 2020 lilacinum (25), Purpureocillium lavendulum (4) and Metarhizium marquandii Corresponding author (1). -
Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis: a Keystone Species for Unraveling Ecosystem Functioning and Biodiversity of Fungi in Tropical Forests?
Communicative & Integrative Biology ISSN: (Print) 1942-0889 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/kcib20 Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: A keystone species for unraveling ecosystem functioning and biodiversity of fungi in tropical forests? Harry C. Evans, Simon L. Elliot & David P. Hughes To cite this article: Harry C. Evans, Simon L. Elliot & David P. Hughes (2011) Ophiocordyceps unilateralis: A keystone species for unraveling ecosystem functioning and biodiversity of fungi in tropical forests?, Communicative & Integrative Biology, 4:5, 598-602, DOI: 10.4161/cib.16721 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.4161/cib.16721 Copyright © 2011 Landes Bioscience Published online: 01 Sep 2011. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 1907 View related articles Citing articles: 23 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=kcib20 Communicative & Integrative Biology 4:5, 598-602; September/October 2011; ©2011 Landes Bioscience Ophiocordyceps unilateralis A keystone species for unraveling ecosystem functioning and biodiversity of fungi in tropical forests? Harry C. Evans,1,* Simon L. Elliot1 and David P. Hughes2 1Department of Entomology; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Viçosa; Minas Gerais, Brazil; 2Department of Entomology and Department of Biology; Penn State University; University Park; PA USA phiocordyceps unilateralis (Ascomy- thus far4—this group of organisms still O cota: Hypocreales) is a specialized receives relatively little press in terms of parasite that infects, manipulates and its biodiversity and the pivotal role it plays kills formicine ants, predominantly in ecosystem functioning. Recently, how- in tropical forest ecosystems. We have ever, the subject has been revisited within reported previously, based on a prelimi- the context of microbes associated with nary study in remnant Atlantic Forest beetles.5 Of the near one million species ©2011 Landesin Minas Gerais (Brazil), thatBioscience. -
Zombie Ant Fungus
Beneficial Species Profile Photo credit: Dr. David P. Hughes; Hughes Lab, Penn State University Common Name: Zombie Ant Fungus Scientific Name: Ophiocordyceps unilateralis Order and Family: Hypocreales; Ophiocordycipitaceae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg Larva/Nymph Spores are found on the ground waiting to be picked up by ants Adult The stalk is wiry and flexible; darkly pigmented and extends the length of the ant’s head; close to the tip there is a small flask-shaped fruiting body that releases spores Pupa (if applicable) Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Spores that release a chemical Host/s: Carpenter Ants Description of Benefits (predator, parasitoid, pollinator, etc.): This fungus releases spores that drop to the rainforest floor and then attach onto unsuspecting ants. Once the spores are attached, they inject a chemical into the ant’s brain, making it become disoriented and move to certain locations on plants. There the ant uses its mandibles to affix itself to a leaf or branch and eventually dies. Once the ant is dead, the fungus rapidly grows and starts to form a fruiting body that extrudes from the ant’s head. If the ant is not removed from the colony, then the whole colony can become infected. References: Araujo, J. P., Evans, H. C., Geiser, D. M., Mackay, W. P., & Hughes, D. P. (2014, April 3). Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateral complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon. Retrieved April 11, 2016, from http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2014/09/29/003806.full.pdf Andersen, S. -
Multigene Phylogeny and Morphology Reveal a New Species, Ophiocordyceps Vespulae, from Jilin Province, China
Phytotaxa 478 (1): 033–048 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.2 Multigene phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species, Ophiocordyceps vespulae, from Jilin Province, China FENG-YAO LONG1, 2, 6, LI-WU QIN3, 7, YUAN-PIN XIAO2, 4, 8, KEVIN D. HYDE4, 9, SHAO-XIAN WANG3, 10* & TING-CHI WEN1, 2, 5, 11* 1 School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China. 2 The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China. 3 Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences, Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountains Biocoenosis & Biodiversity, Erdaobaihe 133613, Jilin, China. 4 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100 Thailand. 5Mushroom Research Institute,Guizhou University,Guiyang,550025,China 6 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-694X 7 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-2885 8 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1730-3545 9 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-0762 10 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0921-1790 11 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-5869 *Corresponding author Abstract Ophiocordyceps is entomopathogenic and is the best studied genus in Ophiocordycipitaceae. Members of Ophiocordyceps and ants form sophisticated interactions. However, taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of this group of pathogens remain unclear. During a survey in Changbai Mountains, Jiling Province, China, a new entomogenous species, Ophiocordyceps vespulae sp. -
Hirsutella Sinensis
Jin et al. AMB Expr (2020) 10:105 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01039-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Genome sequencing and analysis of fungus Hirsutella sinensis isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis Li‑Qun Jin1, Zhe‑Wen Xu1, Bo Zhang1, Ming Yi1, Chun‑Yue Weng1, Shan Lin1, Hui Wu2,3, Xiang‑Tian Qin2,3, Feng Xu2,3, Yi Teng2,3, Shui‑Jin Yuan2,3, Zhi‑Qiang Liu1* and Yu‑Guo Zheng1 Abstract Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been used as a traditional medicine or healthy food in China for thousands of years. Hirsutella sinensis was reported as the only correct anamorph of O. sinensis. It is reported that the laboratory‑grown H. sinensis mycelium has similar clinical efcacy and less associated toxicity compared to the wild O. sinensis. The research of the H. sinensis is becoming more and more important and urgent. To gain deeper insight into the biological and pharmacological mechanisms, we sequenced the genome of H. sinensis. The genome of H. sinensis (102.72 Mb) was obtained for the frst time, with > 99% coverage. 10,200 protein‑encoding genes were predicted based on the genome sequence. A detailed secondary metabolism analysis and structure verifcation of the main ingredients were performed, and the biosynthesis pathways of seven ingredients (mannitol, cordycepin, purine nucleotides, pyrimi‑ dine nucleotides, unsaturated fatty acid, cordyceps polysaccharide and sphingolipid) were predicted and drawn. Furthermore, infection process and mechanism of H. sinensis were studied and elaborated in this article. The enzymes involved in the infection mechanism were also predicted, cloned and expressed to verify the mechanism. The genes and proteins were predicted and annotated based on the genome sequence.