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The Government of Canada's Search for Environmental Legitimacy: 1971-2008 Douglas Macdonald
Document generated on 09/24/2021 6:23 a.m. International Journal of Canadian Studies Revue internationale d’études canadiennes The Government of Canada's Search for Environmental Legitimacy: 1971-2008 Douglas Macdonald Culture — Natures in Canada Article abstract Culture — natures au Canada Although the term "greenwash" has now entered the language, there has Number 39-40, 2009 beenlittle academic analysis of environmental legitimacy as a factor in environmentalpolitics. This article examines claims to environmental URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/040829ar legitimacy made by theGovernment of Canada with respect to seven policy DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/040829ar initiatives. The most commonclaims have been: (1) action exceeds that of previous governments; (2) Canada isdoing more than other countries; (3) the policy will aid economy as well asenvironment (sustainable development); See table of contents and, (4) the transparent policy process isitself legitimate. Exaggeration and downplaying related action by the provinces areother common themes. Publisher(s) Conseil international d'études canadiennes ISSN 1180-3991 (print) 1923-5291 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Macdonald, D. (2009). The Government of Canada's Search for Environmental Legitimacy: 1971-2008. International Journal of Canadian Studies / Revue internationale d’études canadiennes, (39-40), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.7202/040829ar Tous droits réservés © Conseil international d'études canadiennes, 2009 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. -
Alternative North Americas: What Canada and The
ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS What Canada and the United States Can Learn from Each Other David T. Jones ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, D.C. 20004 Copyright © 2014 by David T. Jones All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of author’s rights. Published online. ISBN: 978-1-938027-36-9 DEDICATION Once more for Teresa The be and end of it all A Journey of Ten Thousand Years Begins with a Single Day (Forever Tandem) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Borders—Open Borders and Closing Threats .......................................... 12 Chapter 2 Unsettled Boundaries—That Not Yet Settled Border ................................ 24 Chapter 3 Arctic Sovereignty—Arctic Antics ............................................................. 45 Chapter 4 Immigrants and Refugees .........................................................................54 Chapter 5 Crime and (Lack of) Punishment .............................................................. 78 Chapter 6 Human Rights and Wrongs .................................................................... 102 Chapter 7 Language and Discord .......................................................................... -
The Liberals: a House Divided Introduction
The Liberals: A House Divided Introduction “I will fulfill my mandate and focus entirely on governing from now until February Focus 2004. At which time my work will be done and at which time my successor will be In an unprec- chosen. And then, at the age of 70, I will look back with great satisfaction as I take edented move against a sitting my rest with Aline, secure in the knowledge that the future of Canada is unlim- Canadian prime ited.” — Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, August 21, 2002 minister, a signifi- cant number of Struggle for Power media and political organizers, the buzz Liberal Party mem- The summer of 2002 will be remem- about his future grew louder and louder. bers appeared The Martin camp was particularly ready to vote bered for both the hot weather and the against Jean equally hot political battle waged within active in promoting their man for the Chrétien in a the ranks of the Liberal Party of next leadership campaign. They built a planned leadership Canada. Open political warfare raged powerful organization and raised sub- review next year. inside the heart of Canada’s most stantial funds. Incensed by this pressure The split in the to leave, Chrétien and Martin had a Liberal camp was successful political machine. A party highlighted this that traditionally rallied around its falling out, and Martin left cabinet. spring when Paul leader appeared ready to tear itself apart Liberals were increasingly divided Martin, one of the over the question of leadership. and feared an open battle at a planned main contenders to After the Liberal victory of 2000, convention to review Chrétien’s leader- replace the PM, attention was drawn to the question of ship in February 2003. -
If We Could All Be Peter Lougheed” Provincial Premiers and Their Legacies, 1967-2007 1
“If we could all be Peter Lougheed” Provincial premiers and their legacies, 1967-2007 1 J.P. Lewis Carleton University [email protected] Paper for Presentation at The Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association Concordia University, Montreal June 2010 Introduction For a variety of reasons, the careers of Canadian provincial premiers have escaped explicit academic attention. Premiers are found frequently in Canadian political science literature, but more for direct roles and actions – in questions of the constitution, federalism, public policy and electoral and legislative studies – instead of longitudinal study and analysis. This fits a pattern of neglect in the field; some academics have lamented the lack of direct attention to provincial politics and history (Brownsey and Howlett 2001). The aggregate imprints of premiers are relatively ignored outside of regional and provincial treatments. No pan- Canadian assessment of premiers exists, and probably for good reason. The theoretical and methodological concerns with asking general research questions about premiers are plenty; leadership theory and historical approaches provide some foundations but any approach is going to confront conceptual challenges. This is where this study is found – in a void of precedents but a plethora of qualitative data. 2 Regardless of methodological challenges, some historians, political scientists and members of the media have not shied away from ranking and assessing national leaders. Some of the more popular treatments (from the popular culture version to the more academic approach) include Ferguson’s Bastards and Boneheads , Granatstein and Hillmer’s Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada’s Leaders , and Bliss’s Right Honourable Men . Bliss (xiv), the esteemed historian, is skeptical of such endeavours, “While this is Canadian history from Parliament Hill, I am not a Hegelian and I do not believe that political leaders, least of all prime ministers of Canada, are personifications of the world spirit. -
What Has He Really Done Wrong?
The Chrétien legacy Canada was in such a state that it WHAT HAS HE REALLY elected Brian Mulroney. By this stan- dard, William Lyon Mackenzie King DONE WRONG? easily turned out to be our best prime minister. In 1921, he inherited a Desmond Morton deeply divided country, a treasury near ruin because of over-expansion of rail- ways, and an economy gripped by a brutal depression. By 1948, Canada had emerged unscathed, enriched and almost undivided from the war into spent last summer’s dismal August Canadian Pension Commission. In a the durable prosperity that bred our revising a book called A Short few days of nimble invention, Bennett Baby Boom generation. Who cared if I History of Canada and staring rescued veterans’ benefits from 15 King had halitosis and a professorial across Lake Memphrémagog at the years of political logrolling and talent for boring audiences? astonishing architecture of the Abbaye launched a half century of relatively St-Benoît. Brief as it is, the Short History just and generous dealing. Did anyone ll of which is a lengthy prelude to tries to cover the whole 12,000 years of notice? Do similar achievements lie to A passing premature and imperfect Canadian history but, since most buy- the credit of Jean Chrétien or, for that judgement on Jean Chrétien. Using ers prefer their own life’s history to a matter, Brian Mulroney or Pierre Elliott the same criteria that put King first more extensive past, Jean Chrétien’s Trudeau? Dependent on the media, and Trudeau deep in the pack, where last seven years will get about as much the Opposition and government prop- does Chrétien stand? In 1993, most space as the First Nations’ first dozen aganda, what do I know? Do I refuse to Canadians were still caught in the millennia. -
Download the Publication
CANADA Canada Institute INSTITUTE JANUARY 2006 Occasional Paper Series The Foreign and THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC held a referendum on separation from Canada on October 30, 1995. It was not the first time this issue had been Defense Policies of brought before the provincial electorate, but this time the proposal was only narrowly defeated. For the first time, a majority of francophones voted for an Independent separation. The separatists lost because anglophones and speakers of other lan- guages voted overwhelmingly against separation, and their votes were just Quebec barely sufficient to tip the balance. The result strengthened the separatists and endowed them with a sense of momentum—while English-speaking DWIGHT N. MASON Canadians were left with pessimism about the future of the country. The two sides’ conflicting visions of Canada seemed impossible to reconcile. The referendum results raised the real possibility that Quebec might soon become independent, either through agreement with Canada or unilaterally. This outcome now seems unlikely, but the issue is not going to disappear. Ten years later, there remains a hard core of separatists. Their position has been strengthened, for the moment at least, by the growing number of scandals, prin- cipally the “sponsorship” scandal, engulfing the Liberal Party of Canada. The essence of the sponsorship scandal is the allegation that persons close to the Liberal government of former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien (and perhaps to the current Paul Martin government) used federal funds for partisan purposes in Quebec, among them to weaken support for separatism in the province. These activities allegedly included bribery and kickbacks. -
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS THE CHRETIEN LEGACY Introduction .................................................. i The Chr6tien Legacy R eg W hitaker ........................................... 1 Jean Chr6tien's Quebec Legacy: Coasting Then Stickhandling Hard Robert Y oung .......................................... 31 The Urban Legacy of Jean Chr6tien Caroline Andrew ....................................... 53 Chr6tien and North America: Between Integration and Autonomy Christina Gabriel and Laura Macdonald ..................... 71 Jean Chr6tien's Continental Legacy: From Commitment to Confusion Stephen Clarkson and Erick Lachapelle ..................... 93 A Passive Internationalist: Jean Chr6tien and Canadian Foreign Policy Tom K eating ......................................... 115 Prime Minister Jean Chr6tien's Immigration Legacy: Continuity and Transformation Yasmeen Abu-Laban ................................... 133 Renewing the Relationship With Aboriginal Peoples? M ichael M urphy ....................................... 151 The Chr~tien Legacy and Women: Changing Policy Priorities With Little Cause for Celebration Alexandra Dobrowolsky ................................ 171 Le Petit Vision, Les Grands Decisions: Chr~tien's Paradoxical Record in Social Policy M ichael J. Prince ...................................... 199 The Chr~tien Non-Legacy: The Federal Role in Health Care Ten Years On ... 1993-2003 Gerard W . Boychuk .................................... 221 The Chr~tien Ethics Legacy Ian G reene .......................................... -
50Th Canadian Regional CPA Conference
50th Canadian Regional CPA Conference Gary Levy The Fiftieth Conference of the Canadian Region, Commonwealth Parliamentary Association takes place in Québec City July 15-21, 2012. This article traces the evolution of the Canadian Region with particular emphasis on previous conferences organized by the Québec Branch. ccording to Ian Imrie, former Secretary- Many provincial branches of CPA existed in name Treasurer of the Canadian Region, the rationale only but the idea of a permanent Canadian association Afor a meeting of Canadian representatives appealed to Speaker Michener. within the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association We can, I think, strengthen the Canadian was partly to help legislators develop an understanding Federation by these conferences. I am sure that of the parliamentary process. Also, this meeting, though it brings all too few people from the western provinces to the Maritimes, If we are to have a united country it is important demonstrates the value of it. I am sure that that elected members from one part of the country the other members from the West, who have visit other areas and gain an appreciation of the not visited Halifax would say that today their problems and challenges of their fellow citizens. I understanding of the Canadian Federation do not think I ever attended a conference, would be greatly helped by conferences held including those in Ottawa, where there were first in the East, then in the West and the Centre.2 not a number of legislators visiting that part of the country for the first time. One should not Premier Stanfield wanted to know more about what underestimate the value of such experiences.1 was going on in other legislatures. -
Paul Martin: Mr
PAUL MARTIN: MR. PRIME MINISTER Introduction On November 14, 2003, Paul Martin animosity and past political rivalries, Focus finally achieved his long-sought politi- there were also significant political This News in Re- cal goal, winning the leadership of the differences between the Prime Minister view story focuses on Paul Martin, federal Liberal Party. Martin’s cam- and his former finance minister. Canada’s 21st paign to replace retiring Jean Chrétien Chrétien liked to portray himself as “the prime minister, resulted in a very strong finish, as he little guy from Shawinigan,” the popu- who replaced Jean won over 90 per cent of the voting list who represented the Liberal Party’s Chrétien December delegates at the party’s Toronto conven- left, or progressive, wing. Martin was 12, 2003. It exam- tion. Heritage Minister Sheila Copps, widely perceived as a “Bay Street ines Martin’s political back- his one rival for the top job after John Liberal,” closely connected with big ground, his leader- Manley quit the race in July 2003, was business and leaning toward “small-c” ship campaign, his only able to gain a handful of votes. In conservative positions on social and stormy relationship his acceptance speech to the delegates, economic policies. As an example of with Chrétien, and Martin pledged himself to ensuring a this, Martin’s proudest boast during his what his rise to power will mean fourth consecutive Liberal victory in the successful leadership campaign was for Canadian next federal election, widely expected that he had almost single-handedly politics in the early in the spring of 2004. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents BOUCHARD QUITS: ABLOW FOR SOVEREIGNTY? Introduction ..........................................................................................................5 A Coup de théâtre ..................................................................................................7 For the Record........................................................................................................8 The Significance of Being Bouchard ......................................................................9 Et je dirais même plus ..........................................................................................11 Maître chez lui......................................................................................................12 Heir Apparent? ....................................................................................................16 Discussion, Research, and Essay Questions ..........................................................17 BOUCHARD QUITS: A BLOW FOR SOVEREIGNTY? Introduction Canada was less than two weeks into the new as a remarkable political leader. They com- year of 2001 when the nation’s political mended Bouchard for his intelligence, scene was rocked by an unanticipated devel- dynamism, and considerable talents in opment; Lucien Bouchard, the premier of governing Quebec. During his tenure as Quebec, announced that he was resigning premier, he brought the province’s balloon- and leaving public life. The man who had ing government deficits under control, played a key role in federal and provincial -
Wednesday, June 1, 1994
VOLUME 133 NUMBER 076 1st SESSION 35th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Wednesday, June 1, 1994 Speaker: The Honourable Gilbert Parent HOUSE OF COMMONS Wednesday, June 1, 1994 The House met at 2 p.m. and not merely wishful thinking, and urge the CBC to provide adequate television coverage of our disabled athletes at the next _______________ Summer Games. Prayers In doing so, we will express the admiration and respect which their exceptional achievements deserve. _______________ * * * STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS [English] [English] BILLS C–33 AND C–34 LAW OF THE SEA Mr. John Duncan (North Island—Powell River): Mr. Speaker, yesterday we had the introduction of Bills C–33 and Hon. Charles Caccia (Davenport): Mr. Speaker, straddling C–34 which would ratify land claims and self–government the 200 nautical mile limit there is a fish stock which is of great agreements in Yukon. Last week we were told the government importance to the existence and well–being of many coastal wished to have these bills introduced later in June with the communities in Atlantic Canada. understanding that MPs would have time to prepare properly. Designed to avoid crisis in the fisheries, the law of the sea These bills represent the culmination of 21 years of mostly affirms the responsibility of all nations to co–operate in con- behind closed doors work without the involvement of federal serving and managing fish in the high seas. It is in the interests parliamentarians. Today, 24 hours after tabling, Parliament is of Canadians that the Government of Canada ratify the law of being asked to debate these bills at second reading. -
First Ministers' Conferences 1906 – 2004
FIRST MINISTERS’ CONFERENCES 1906 – 2004 CANADIAN INTERGOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT FIRST MINISTERS’ CONFERENCES 1906–2004 PREPARED BY THE CANADIAN INTERGOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT Our front cover symbolizes intergovernmental conference activity in Canada. Portrayed are fourteen official Coats of Arms beginning with that of Canada at the top then, from left to right, those of the provinces and territories in order of entry into Confederation. They are placed around the CICS logo depicting the governments sitting around a conference table. PLEASE NOTE This document is the property of the Canadian Intergovernmental Conference Secretariat (CICS) and is made available for education and/or information purposes only. Any misuse of its contents is prohibited, nor can it be sold or otherwise used for commercial purposes. Reproduction of its contents for purposes other than education and/or information requires the prior authorization of the CICS. TABLE OF CONTENTS PRIME PAGE MINISTER Foreword i 1. Conference of the Representatives of the (Laurier) 1 Government of Canada and the Various Provinces Ottawa, October 8-13, 1906 – Financial subsidies to the provinces 2. Conference between the Members of the Government (White – 3 of Canada and of the Various Provincial Governments Acting Ottawa, November 19-22, 1918 for Borden) – Soldier and land settlement, transfer of natural resources 3. Dominion-Provincial Conference (King) 4 Ottawa, November 3-10, 1927 – Various subjects listed under “Constitutional”, “Financial” and “Social and Economic” titles 4. Dominion-Provincial Conference (Bennett) 7 Ottawa, April 7-8, 1931 – Statute of Westminster 5. Dominion-Provincial Conference (Bennett) 8 Ottawa, April 8-9, 1932 – Unemployment relief 6. Dominion-Provincial Conference (Bennett) 9 Ottawa, January 17-19, 1933 – Various subjects including unemployment, old age pensions, company law and overlapping federal and provincial jurisdictions 7.