Hypervitaminosis - an Emerging Pathological Condition
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Emotional Eating in Overweight, Normal Weight, and Underweight Individuals
Eating Behaviors 3 (2003) 341–347 Emotional eating in overweight, normal weight, and underweight individuals Allan Geliebter*, Angela Aversa Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY Obesity Research Center, St-Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University, 1111 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USA Abstract Emotional states and situations can affect food intake. We predicted that underweight individuals would eat less and overweight individuals would eat more during negative as well as positive emotional states and situations. Questionnaires to assess eating during emotional states and situations were distributed and collected in person in several major university and public libraries. Ninety questionnaires, representing for each gender the 15 most overweight, the 15 closest to normal weight, and the 15 most underweight, were analyzed. Gender had only minor effects on the eating ratings, and therefore the results are presented for the sexes combined. Underweight individuals reported eating less ( P=.000) than both the normal and overweight groups during negative emotional states and situations. More surprisingly, underweight individuals also reported eating more ( P=.01) than the other groups during positive emotional states and situations. Thus, part of the prediction was confirmed: the relative undereating by the underweight group, and the relative overeating by the overweight group during negative emotional states and situations. As compared to their usual eating behavior, undereating by underweight individuals during negative emotional states and situations was of a greater magnitude than their own overeating during positive states and situations ( P=.01). Undereating by underweight individuals when experiencing negative emotions may contribute to their low body weight. -
Correction of Vitamin D Deficiency in Critically Ill Patients Study Protocol
1 VITdAL@ICU - Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients VITdAL@ICU Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients Study Protocol Version 1.0, 19.02.2010 Original Version Version 2.0, 10.11.2010 Addition of personal variant for 6 – month – follow-up (including assessment of falls and fractures) and data safety review Version 3.0, 17.8.2012 Addition of 24-month follow-up Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/01/2021 2 VITdAL@ICU - Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients SYNOPSIS Sponsor- Univ.-Prof. Dr. Harald Dobnig Investigator Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine Medical University of Graz Tel.: +43/316/385-80252 Email: [email protected] Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients: a Title randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (“VITDAL@ICU”) Background Low vitamin D status is associated with increased mortality, cardiovascular events, diabetes, hypertension and impaired function of the immune and musculoskeletal system in cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. Given that most critically ill patients are vitamin D deficient, treatment with sufficiently high doses of vitamin D may represent a promising and inexpensive intervention option. To date, no clinical trial has prospectively evaluated clinical outcomes in patients treated with vitamin D in an intensive care setting. Objectives/ Primary endpoint Outcome - hospital stay measures Secondary endpoints - ICU stay - mortality in -
Guidelines Before & After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass
University of Missouri Health System Missouri Bariatric Services Guidelines Before & After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Table of Contents Topic Page Risks & Benefits of Weight Loss Surgery 3 Guidelines for Your Hospital Stay, Self-Care, & Medications 8 Day of Surgery Expectations 8 What to Expect During Your Hospital Stay 9 Taking Care of Yourself at Home 10 Nutrition Guidelines Before & After Weight Loss Surgery 14 Basic Nutrition Information all Patients Should Know 15 Guidelines for Success after Surgery 34 How to Prepare for Surgery 34 Portions after Weight Loss Surgery 35 Postoperative Dietary Goals 40 Diet Progression 42 Digestive Difficulties after Surgery 49 Understanding Vitamins & Minerals after Surgery 52 Tips for Dining out after Weight Loss Surgery 53 Food Record 55 Frequently Asked Questions 56 Weight Loss Surgery Patient Resources 57 Exercise Guidelines Before & After Weight Loss Surgery 58 Warm Up & Cool Down Stretches 63 Home Strength Training Program 66 Stretch Band Exercises 68 Psychological Considerations after Weight Loss Surgery 71 My Personal Relapse Plan 74 Problem Solving 75 Daily Food Record 76 Guidelines For Preconception & Prenatal Care after Surgery 77 2 | P a g e Risk and Benefits of Weight Loss Surgery All surgery, no matter how minor, carries some risk. Weight loss surgery is major surgery; you are put to sleep with a general anesthetic, carbon dioxide is blown into your abdominal cavity, and we work around the major organs and operate on the stomach and intestines (this area of the body is known as the gastrointestinal tract). National statistics report there is a one to two percent risk of dying after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. -
Malnutrition
2. Food and nutrients 2.4 A balanced diet 2.4.3 Malnutrition INADEQUATE FOOD INTAKE Malnutrition is a major health issue in the world. Malnutrition is when someone is not eating enough or is underfeeding. In Western societies, malnutrition is often linked to overeating, which accumulates health risks. Yet you can also find incidents of undernourishment, for example in the elderly. Extreme diets excluding several food groups can lead to nutritional deficiencies. This is what is known as an imbalanced diet. If a food group is missing from or not sufficiently present in our diet, we also talk about malnutrition. DEFICIENCIES Iron is one of the most readily available elements in the world, but it is the one most often missing from people's diets. Two billion people suffer from a lack of iron. Meat and fish are two good sources of iron. Vegetables sometimes contain good quantities of iron but it is less easy to absorb. Absorption of iron can be improved by eating food rich in vitamin C at the same time. A lack of iron can be caused by intestinal parasites, loss of blood or higher requirements during growth. If diet is not sufficient alone, you can also make up for this lack of iron with dietary supplements. Malnutrition due to undernourishment is a major problem in some parts of the world, where most of the population suffers from various severe deficiencies. This state often damages physical and cerebral development in children and, in some cases, contributes to premature deaths in babies and infants. academy.alimentarium.org 2.4.3 Malnutrition QUI020403_01 Which of the following is not a good Malnutrition means that a diet is.. -
From Confusion to Coma: a Catastrophic Deterioration
52 Postgrad Med J 2001;77:52–55 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pmj.77.903.53a on 1 January 2001. Downloaded from SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS From confusion to coma: a catastrophic deterioration K Ashkan, F Johnston Answers on p 56. A previously well 45 year old woman presented ventilated before transfer. On arrival at the to the local casualty department with a one day neurosurgical intensive care unit, she was history of generalised headache, neck stiVness, found to have bilaterally fixed and dilated and blurred vision. On examination she had a pupils, with no corneal or gag reflexes. There temperature of 38°C, a pulse of 80 beats/min, was, however, abnormal flexion of the left and a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg. Neu- upper limb. She was given mannitol and urgent rologically, she had spontaneous eye opening repeat CT was carried out (fig 2). An operation and was able to obey commands, although she was then performed, but postoperatively she had confused speech (Glasgow coma scale failed to show any clinical improvement and (GCS), 14). Pupils were equal and reactive died the next day. with no cranial or peripheral neurological defi- cits. Blood tests showed a raised white cell Questions count of 20.9 × 109/l with a neutrophilia (1) What does figure 1 show and what is the (19.2 × 109/l). Computed tomography (CT) of diVerential diagnosis? the brain was performed (fig 1), on the basis of (2) How does figure 2 relate to the change in which the patient was referred to the regional the patient’s clinical condition? neurosurgical unit. -
The Practice and Regulatory Requirements Of
School of Public Health The Practice and Regulatory Requirements of Naturopathy and Western Herbal Medicine Vivian Lin Alan Bensoussan Stephen P. Myers Pauline McCabe Marc Cohen Sophie Hill Genevieve Howse November, 2005 Funded by the Department of Human Services, Victoria Copyright State of Victoria, Department of Human Services, 2006 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). Authorised by the State Government of Victoria, 50 Lonsdale Street Melbourne. This document may be downloaded from the following website: www.health.vic.gov.au/pracreg/naturopathy.htm ISBN-13: 978-0-9775864-0-0 ISBN-10: 0-9775864-0-5 Published by School of Public Health, La Trobe University Bundoora Victoria, 3086 Australia THE PRACTICE AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF NATUROPATHY AND WESTERN HERBAL MEDICINE CONTENTS VOLUME ONE Summary Report..........................................................................................................1 1. Introduction.......................................................................................................1 2. Methodology.....................................................................................................1 3. Key findings and recommendations..................................................................2 3.1 Definition of practice and scope of study ........................................................2 3.2 Growing use of naturopathy and WHM...........................................................3 -
Hepatic Pathology in Vitamin a Toxicity FAIRPOUR FOROUHAR, M.D.* MARTIN S
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY SCIENCE, Vol. 14, No. 4 Copyright © 1984, Institute for Clinical Science, Inc. Hepatic Pathology in Vitamin A Toxicity FAIRPOUR FOROUHAR, M.D.* MARTIN S. NADEL, M.D.,t and BERNARD GONDOS, M.D.* *Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06032 and fDepartment of Pathology, Middlesex Memorial Hospital, Middletown, CT 06457 ABSTRACT This paper documents a case of vitamin A toxicity presenting with splenomegaly and ascites. The light microscopic, electron microscopic, and fluorescent findings are described in detail. The principal histopath ologic finding was marked perisinusoidal fibrosis. The role of Ito cells in the storage of lipid-soluble vitamins and their subsequent transformation to fibroblasts producing collagen are discussed. tient denied use of medications but admitted long Introduction time use of a self-prescribed vitamin B1-B6 combi nation, vitamin B12, iodine, and garlic. Vitamin A Liver disease resulting from vitamin A had been taken for six years, initially 75,000 units toxicity is an uncommon but well docu daily, increased to 150,000 units daily two years prior to admission because of believed problems with night mented entity.6’1414’22’26,27 The present vision for which no medical help had been sought. case provides a good model for the study Physical examination disclosed no palpable spleno of fibrosis of the space of Disse and its megaly with liver felt one cm beneath the right costal margin. An abdominal fluid wave was present. No pathophysiologic ^consequences. Similar spider angiomata were noted, and the remainder of changes also occur in other conditions re the physical examination was unremarkable. -
Simulation of Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Vitamin D3 and Its Natural Derivatives
pharmaceuticals Article Simulation of Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Vitamin D3 and Its Natural Derivatives Subrata Deb * , Anthony Allen Reeves and Suki Lafortune Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA; [email protected] (A.A.R.); [email protected] (S.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +1-224-310-7870 or +1-305-760-7479 Received: 9 June 2020; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Vitamin D3 is an endogenous fat-soluble secosteroid, either biosynthesized in human skin or absorbed from diet and health supplements. Multiple hydroxylation reactions in several tissues including liver and small intestine produce different forms of vitamin D3. Low serum vitamin D levels is a global problem which may origin from differential absorption following supplementation. The objective of the present study was to estimate the physicochemical properties, metabolism, transport and pharmacokinetic behavior of vitamin D3 derivatives following oral ingestion. GastroPlus software, which is an in silico mechanistically-constructed simulation tool, was used to simulate the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic behavior for twelve vitamin D3 derivatives. The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) Predictor and PKPlus modules were employed to derive the relevant parameters from the structural features of the compounds. The majority of the vitamin D3 derivatives are lipophilic (log P values > 5) with poor water solubility which are reflected in the poor predicted bioavailability. The fraction absorbed values for the vitamin D3 derivatives were low except for calcitroic acid, 1,23S,25-trihydroxy-24-oxo-vitamin D3, and (23S,25R)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone each being greater than 90% fraction absorbed. -
Question of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium Oxalate Is a Widespread Toxin Found in Many Species of Plants
Question Of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium oxalate is a widespread toxin found in many species of plants. What is the needle shaped crystal containing calcium oxalate called and what is the compilation of these structures known as? Answer: The needle shaped plant-based crystals containing calcium oxalate are known as raphides. A compilation of raphides forms the structure known as an idioblast. (Lim CS et al. Atlas of select poisonous plants and mushrooms. 2016 Disease-a-Month 62(3):37-66) Friday, December 2, 2016 Question: Which oral chelating agent has been reported to cause transient increases in plasma ALT activity in some patients as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions? Answer: Orally administered dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been reported to cause transient increases in ALT activity as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions. (Bradberry S et al. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. 2009 Q J Med 102:721-732) Thursday, December 1, 2016 Question: What is Clioquinol and why was it withdrawn from the market during the 1970s? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Between the 1950s and 1970s Clioquinol was used to treat and prevent intestinal parasitic disease [intestinal amebiasis].” “In the early 1970s Clioquinol was withdrawn from the market as an oral agent due to an association with sub-acute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) in Japanese patients. SMON is a syndrome that involves sensory and motor disturbances in the lower limbs as well as visual changes that are due to symmetrical demyelination of the lateral and posterior funiculi of the spinal cord, optic nerve, and peripheral nerves. -
Draft Vitamin D and Health Report
Draft Vitamin D and Health report Scientific consultation: 22 July to 23 September 2015 Contents Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Biology and metabolism 5 3. Photobiology of vitamin D 16 4. Measuring vitamin D exposure (from diet and sunlight) 24 5. Relationship between vitamin D exposure and serum (25(OH)D concentration 29 6. Vitamin D and health outcomes 35 Musculoskeletal outcomes 37 Rickets 39 Osteomalacia 41 Pregnancy and lactation 42 Infants (up to 12 months) 44 Children (1-3y) 45 Children (4-8y) 45 Adults < 50 years 47 Adults > 50 years 50 Conclusions – vitamin D & musculoskeletal health outcomes 59 Non-musculoskeletal health outcomes 61 Pregnancy & lactation – non-musculoskeletal health outcomes 61 Cancers 67 Cardiovascular disease & hypertension 70 All-cause mortality 74 Autoimmune disease 76 Infectious disease 81 Neuropsychological functioning 85 Oral health 88 Age-related macular degeneration 90 Conclusions – non-musculoskeletal health outcomes 92 Selection of health outcomes to inform the setting of DRVs for vitamin D 93 7. Potential adverse effects of high vitamin D intakes/high serum 25(OH)D 95 concentration 8. Dietary vitamin D intakes and serum/plasma 25(OH)D concentrations of the UK 102 population 9. Review of DRVs 109 10. Overall summary & conclusions 121 11. Recommendations 130 12. References 131 2 1. Introduction Background 1. Vitamin D is synthesised in the skin by the action of sunlight. Skin synthesis is the main source of vitamin D for most people; dietary sources are essential when exposure to sunlight containing the appropriate wavelength is limited. The Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy (COMA), which set Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for vitamin D in 1991 (DH1, 1991), did not set a Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI2) for groups in the population considered to receive adequate sunlight exposure. -
Associations Between Child Emotional Eating and General Parenting Style, Feeding Practices, and Parent Psychopathology Abby Braden A,*, Kyung Rhee A, Carol B
Appetite 80 (2014) 35–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Appetite journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/appet Research report Associations between child emotional eating and general parenting style, feeding practices, and parent psychopathology Abby Braden a,*, Kyung Rhee a, Carol B. Peterson b, Sarah A. Rydell c, Nancy Zucker d,e, Kerri Boutelle a,f a Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA b Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA c School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA d Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA e Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA f Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Emotional eating is the tendency to eat in response to negative emotions. Prior research has identified a Received 14 July 2013 relationship between parenting style and child emotional eating, but this has not been examined in clin- Received in revised form 17 March 2014 ical samples. Furthermore, the relationship between specific parenting practices (e.g., parent feeding prac- Accepted 11 April 2014 tices) and child emotional eating has not yet been investigated. The current study examined relationships Available online 26 April 2014 between child emotional eating and both general and specific parenting constructs as well as maternal symptoms of depression and binge eating among a treatment-seeking sample of overweight children. Keywords: Participants included 106 mother–child dyads who attended a baseline assessment for enrollment in a Emotional eating Parenting behavioral intervention for overeating. -
Obesity and Malnutrition in the United States
Barbara McMullan, Student Participant Postville High School, Iowa Obesity and Malnutrition in the United States “Man, I’m starved,” you think to yourself when you come home after a hard day at work. “But, that’s just a figure of speech. There’s no way I could actually be starving. I eat regularly everyday.” You say this to yourself as you crack open a can of pop and shove a TV dinner in the microwave. “Heck, if anything, people would say I’m a little overweight.” You look in the mirror. “It’s not that bad, a few pounds here and there but who doesn’t have a little baggage hanging around?” After a few minutes of quietly reminiscing about how you looked ten, even twenty years ago, your wife calls you into the living room to see something the kids pointed out on television. “Hmmmmmm, maybe I could start exercising, go on walks, little things. Yeah, I could sta-.” “Oh, my! Will you look at that. .” And all thoughts of starting to work out and get back in shape leave your mind as you sit in front of the TV for the rest of the evening. What would happen if someone told you that the overweight man in the first paragraph was, in fact, starving? You might chuckle to yourself and think about all the misinformed people in the world. This person didn’t even know that overeating is the opposite of being hungry. But then this person said that you were the one who was misinformed. That overweight man’s body was in fact crying out for proper nourishment, but the cries fell on deaf ears when that man confused hunger and malnutrition.