ACVPM Toxicology Review
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Correction of Vitamin D Deficiency in Critically Ill Patients Study Protocol
1 VITdAL@ICU - Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients VITdAL@ICU Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients Study Protocol Version 1.0, 19.02.2010 Original Version Version 2.0, 10.11.2010 Addition of personal variant for 6 – month – follow-up (including assessment of falls and fractures) and data safety review Version 3.0, 17.8.2012 Addition of 24-month follow-up Downloaded From: https://jamanetwork.com/ on 10/01/2021 2 VITdAL@ICU - Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients SYNOPSIS Sponsor- Univ.-Prof. Dr. Harald Dobnig Investigator Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine Medical University of Graz Tel.: +43/316/385-80252 Email: [email protected] Correction of vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients: a Title randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (“VITDAL@ICU”) Background Low vitamin D status is associated with increased mortality, cardiovascular events, diabetes, hypertension and impaired function of the immune and musculoskeletal system in cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies. Given that most critically ill patients are vitamin D deficient, treatment with sufficiently high doses of vitamin D may represent a promising and inexpensive intervention option. To date, no clinical trial has prospectively evaluated clinical outcomes in patients treated with vitamin D in an intensive care setting. Objectives/ Primary endpoint Outcome - hospital stay measures Secondary endpoints - ICU stay - mortality in -
Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States
Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Common Name Genus and Species Page atamasco lily Zephyranthes atamasco 21 bitter sneezeweed Helenium amarum 20 black cherry Prunus serotina 6 black locust Robinia pseudoacacia 14 black nightshade Solanum nigrum 16 bladderpod Glottidium vesicarium 11 bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum 5 buttercup Ranunculus abortivus 9 castor bean Ricinus communis 17 cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana 6 chinaberry Melia azederach 14 choke cherry Prunus virginiana 6 coffee senna Cassia occidentalis 12 common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 25 common cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum 15 common sneezeweed Helenium autumnale 19 common yarrow Achillea millefolium 23 eastern baccharis Baccharis halimifolia 18 fetterbush Leucothoe axillaris 24 fetterbush Leucothoe racemosa 24 fetterbush Leucothoe recurva 24 great laurel Rhododendron maxima 9 hairy vetch Vicia villosa 27 hemp dogbane Apocynum cannabinum 23 horsenettle Solanum carolinense 15 jimsonweed Datura stramonium 8 johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 7 lantana Lantana camara 10 maleberry Lyonia ligustrina 24 Mexican pricklepoppy Argemone mexicana 27 milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 22 mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia 6 mustard Brassica sp . 25 oleander Nerium oleander 10 perilla mint Perilla frutescens 28 poison hemlock Conium maculatum 17 poison ivy Rhus radicans 20 poison oak Rhus toxicodendron 20 poison sumac Rhus vernix 21 pokeberry Phytolacca americana 8 rattlebox Daubentonia punicea 11 red buckeye Aesculus pavia 16 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus 18 rosebay Rhododendron calawbiense 9 sesbania Sesbania exaltata 12 scotch broom Cytisus scoparius 13 sheep laurel Kalmia angustifolia 6 showy crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis 5 sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia 12 spotted water hemlock Cicuta maculata 17 St. John's wort Hypericum perforatum 26 stagger grass Amianthum muscaetoxicum 22 sweet clover Melilotus sp . -
Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity
toxins Article Suspect and Target Screening of Natural Toxins in the Ter River Catchment Area in NE Spain and Prioritisation by Their Toxicity Massimo Picardo 1 , Oscar Núñez 2,3 and Marinella Farré 1,* 1 Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] 3 Serra Húnter Professor, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 October 2020; Accepted: 26 November 2020; Published: 28 November 2020 Abstract: This study presents the application of a suspect screening approach to screen a wide range of natural toxins, including mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, and plant toxins, in surface waters. The method is based on a generic solid-phase extraction procedure, using three sorbent phases in two cartridges that are connected in series, hence covering a wide range of polarities, followed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The acquisition was performed in the full-scan and data-dependent modes while working under positive and negative ionisation conditions. This method was applied in order to assess the natural toxins in the Ter River water reservoirs, which are used to produce drinking water for Barcelona city (Spain). The study was carried out during a period of seven months, covering the expected prior, during, and post-peak blooming periods of the natural toxins. Fifty-three (53) compounds were tentatively identified, and nine of these were confirmed and quantified. Phytotoxins were identified as the most frequent group of natural toxins in the water, particularly the alkaloids group. -
La Cicuta: Poison Hemlock
ALERTA DE MALA HIERBA NOCIVA EN EL CONDADO DE KING Cicuta Mala hierba nociva no regulada de Clase B: Poison Hemlock Control recomendado Conium maculatum Familia Apiaceae Cómo identificarla • Bienal que alcanza de 8 (2.4 m) a 10 pies (3 m) de altura el segundo año. • Hojas color verde encendido tipo helecho con un fuerte olor a moho • El primer año, las plantas forman rosetas basales de hojas muy divididas y tallos rojizos con motas • El segundo año, los tallos son fuertes, huecos, sin pelos, con nervaduras y con motas/rayas rojizas o púrpuras • Plantas con flores cubiertas con numerosos racimos pequeños con forma de paraguas de diminutas flores blancas de cinco pétalos • Las semillas se forman en cápsulas verdes y acanaladas que con el tiempo La cicuta tiene hojas de color verde se vuelven marrones brillante, tipo helecho con olor a moho. Biología Se reproduce por semilla. El primer año crece en forma de roseta; el segundo, desarrolla tallos altos y flores. Crece rápidamente entre marzo y mayo; florece a finales de la primavera. Cada planta produce hasta 40,000 semillas. Las semillas caen cerca de la planta y se desplazan por la erosión, los animales, la lluvia y la actividad humana. Las semillas son viables hasta por 6 años y germinan durante la temporada de crecimiento; no requieren un periodo de letargo. Impacto Altamente tóxica para el ser humano, el ganado y la vida silvestre; causa Los tallos gruesos y sin pelos tienen la muerte por parálisis respiratoria tras su ingestión. El crecimiento manchas o vetas de color púrpura o rojizo. -
The ABC of Drugs
LSD Joint Liquor Morphine Breath DrugTest 5000 Gin Lane Intoxication Witches Cheerful Purity Law Skin Evidential DRUID Sensor SpeedballAlcohol Ban Dependency Cocaine Emotions Sober Legalization BAC Roadside Checkpoint Opioids Drunk Ritalin Amphetamines Crack F.W. Sertürner Spice Profit Corn Schnapps EthanolInebriated Industrial Safety Sympathetic Nervous System Opium Sampling Unable to DriveUnable to War on Drugs War Blood Drugs Limits Prohibition MDMA Labrador Tea Catalyzer Poison Traffic Prevention Locoweed Reactions HeroinKhat Soul Pretest Bootlegger Rights Urine Shamans Injection IntoxicantRoad Deaths High-risk Professions Sober Alcohol Saliva Illegal Tube CultureAuthor Synthetic Wine Pervitin VodkaShisha Ecstasy PPT Paracelsus Beer Marijuana Electrochemical Alcotest Sweat Approval Drugs – ABCs Enzyme Ankle Bracelet Here is a brief, factual tour of commonly used drugs – their active ingredients as well as methods of use, risks, prevalence (frequency of use), origin, and history. © Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA 1 Drugs – ABCS Drugs – ABCS and sleep-in ducing purposes; their consumed cannabis at least once in Origins and history: the coca bush inter national non-proprietary names their lives. 6.8 percent of the same age has been cultivated in South America Drugs – ABCs often end in -azepam: Diazepam, group have consumed it within the for a good 5,000 years. Its leaves may Lorazepam and Oxazepam. Trade names past twelve months – or one out of three only have been used for ritual activities include Valium, Librium, Rohypnol, people have experimented with cannabis. initially. When impoverishment set in with Tavor, and Praxiten. Risks: restricted physical and mental the Spanish conquest, large sections Form of consumption: as tablets capacity, coupled with self-overestimation; of the population used the plant to stave or injected intraveneously. -
Veterinary Toxicology
GINTARAS DAUNORAS VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY Lecture notes and classes works Study kit for LUHS Veterinary Faculty Foreign Students LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 Lietuvos sveikatos moksl ų universitetas Veterinarijos akademija Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra Gintaras Daunoras VETERINARIN Ė TOKSIKOLOGIJA Paskait ų konspektai ir praktikos darb ų aprašai Mokomoji knyga LSMU Veterinarijos fakulteto užsienio studentams LSMU LEIDYBOS NAMAI, KAUNAS 2012 UDK Dau Apsvarstyta: LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedros pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 20 d., protokolo Nr. 01 LSMU VA Veterinarijos fakulteto tarybos pos ėdyje, 2012 m. rugs ėjo 28 d., protokolo Nr. 08 Recenzavo: doc. dr. Alius Pockevi čius LSMU VA Užkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra dr. Aidas Grigonis LSMU VA Neužkre čiam ųjų lig ų katedra CONTENTS Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………… 7 SECTION I. Lecture notes ………………………………………………………………………. 8 1. GENERAL VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY ……….……………………………………….. 8 1.1. Veterinary toxicology aims and tasks ……………………………………………………... 8 1.2. EC and Lithuanian legal documents for hazardous substances and pollution ……………. 11 1.3. Classification of poisons ……………………………………………………………………. 12 1.4. Chemicals classification and labelling ……………………………………………………… 14 2. Toxicokinetics ………………………………………………………………………...………. 15 2.2. Migration of substances through biological membranes …………………………………… 15 2.3. ADME notion ………………………………………………………………………………. 15 2.4. Possibilities of poisons entering into an animal body and methods of absorption ……… 16 2.5. Poison distribution -
POISON HEMLOCK (Conium Maculatum)
POISON HEMLOCK (Conium maculatum) · Poison hemlock grows four to ten feet tall. · The stem is branched and smooth, mottled with purple spots. · The leaves are shiny green, fern-like and finely divided, with a musty smell. · The white flowers are in umbrella-shaped heads. · Member of the carrot family. Look-a-likes: Wild carrot (Daucus carota) is common on roadsides throughout Clallam County. It is smaller than poison hemlock, growing two to four feet tall, The stem is hairy, and does not have purple spots. The leaves smell like carrots when crushed. Wild carrot is mildly toxic to some livestock and is a Class B weed because it is very invasive in pastures. Bur chervil (Anthriscus caucalis) grows in WHY BE CONCERNED? damp environments, Ø All parts of the plant are poisonous. similar to those Ø The toxins are present in dried plants and occupied by poison decompose slowly. hemlock. The plants Ø Affects livestock such as cows, horses, are very similar, but and pigs; pregnant animals may abort or bur chervil has a produce offspring with birth defects. fringe of hairs where Photo by courtesy of “Weeds of the West.” Ø Poisoning in humans often occurs when the leaf meets the the plant is confused with other, edible main stem. members of the carrot family. Ø Invades pastures and riparian areas Western water-hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) is displacing native plants or valuable forage reported to be the most poisonous plant in the species. temperate zone. It is a native plant, found in moist areas along streams and ditches. For Poison hemlock is a Class C weed, pictures and information on identifying western which has been selected for control water hemlock, see the web page of the Noxious throughout Clallam County. -
Poisonous Hemlocks
POISONOUS HEMLOCKS THEIR IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL J . M. Tucker • M. E. Fowle r • W. A. Harvey • L. J. Berry .. POISONOUS HEMLOCKS THEIR IDENTIFI CA TION AND CONTROL THE poisonous plants referred to in this publica tion as "hemlocks" are members of the carrot or parsley family, Umbelliferae, and should not be confused with true hemlocks, which are coniferous trees of the pine family, Pinaceae. Poisonous hem locks are of two genera: Conium (Poison Hemlock), and Cicuta {Water Hemlock). They have a general family resemblance to one another but are not closely related; their toxic properties and effects are different, they present different problems to the live stock industry, and they have different diagnostic features. THE AUTHORS: J.M. Tucker is Professor of Botany and Botanist in the Experiment Station, Davis; M. E. Fowler is Assistant Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Assistant Veterinarian in the Experiment Station, Davis; W. A. Harvey is Extension Weed Control Specialist, Agri cultural Extension Service, Davis; L. J. Berry is Range Manage ment Specialist, Agricultural Extension Service, University ol California, Davis. OCTOBER, 1964 --------WARNING-------- 2,4-D is classified as an injurious material, by the State Department of Agriculture, and before it can be purchased or used a permit must be obtained from the County Agricultural, Commissioner. It should be used with care and at a time and in such a manner that it will not drift to other plants or properties and cause injury to susceptible plants or result in an illegal residue on other food or feed crops. THE GROWER IS RESPONSIBLE for residues on his own crops as well as for problems caused by drift of a chemical from his property to other properties or crops. -
Poison-Hemlock (Conium Maculatum L.)1
Weed Technology. 1998. Volume 12:194-197 Intriguing World of Weeds iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.iii Poison-Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) 1 LARRY W. MIT1CH2 "He that bites on every weed must needs light on poison." Comp/eat Collection of English Proverbs. John Ray, 1742 INTRODUCTION AND ETYMOLOGY has been used to designate this plant since the Anglo Saxon period (Le Strange 1977). The genus Conium is comprised of two or three tem The Old English hymlice was a medicinal plant, prob perate species of biennial herbs with highly divided ably Conium, but in Modern English the plant is chiefly leaves and compound umbels of small white flowers. All referred to as a weed. The definite reference to it as parts of C. maculatum have long been recognized as poisonous appears to begin with the 16th century herb being highly poisonous; it was the alists. The term hemlock for Conium maculatum first plant used to kill Socrates in BC appeared in about AD 700 as hymblicae. Through the 399 (Gledhill 1985; Holm et al. centuries, spelling and pronunciation took on many 1997; Hyam and Pankhurst 1995). forms, ranging from hymlice to hymlic, hemeluc, hem Conium is a member of the Um lake, hemlocke, hemloc, and finally hemlock. William belliferae or Apiaceae, the carrot Shakespeare, in Life of Henry the Fifth, first used the family, which accommodates 300 modern spelling. Wrote the bard, "Her fallow Leas, The genera and between 2,500 and Darnell, Hemlock, and ranke Femetary, Doth root upon" 3,000 species. Umbelliferae is one (Simpson and Weiner 1989). of the best known families of flowering plants because Poison-hemlock is native to Europe, northern Africa, of its characteristic inflorescences and fruits and the dis and western Asia and was often introduced to new areas tinctive chemistry reflected in the odor, flavors, and even as an ornamental garden plant (Holm et al. -
BWSR Featured Plant Name: Purple-Stemmed Angelica
BOARD OF WATER rn, AND SOIL RESOURCES 2018 December Plant of the Month BWSR Featured Plant Name: Purple-stemmed Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea) Plant family: Carrot (Apiaceae) Purple-stemmed A striking 6 to 9 feet tall, purple- Angelica grows in stemmed Angelica is one of moist conditions in full sun to part Minnesota’s tallest wildflowers. This shade, reaching as robust herbaceous perennial grows tall as 9 feet. along streambanks, shores, marshes, Photo Credit: calcareous fens, springs and sedge Karin Jokela, Xerces Society meadows — often in calcium-rich alkaline soils. The species epithet “atropurpurea” comes from the Latin words āter (“dark”) Plant Stats and purpūreus (“purple”), in reference to the deep purple color of the stem. WETLANDSTATEWIDE Flowers bloom from May to July. Like INDICATOR other plants in the carrot family, the STATUS: OBL flowers provide easy-to-access floral PLANTING resources for a wide diversity of flies, METHODS: bees and other pollinators. Although Bare-root, not confirmed for this species, the containers, nectar of other members of the Angelica seed genus can have an intoxicating effect on insects. Both butterflies and bumble bees are reported to lose flight ability, or fly clumsily, for a short period after consuming the nectar. Purple-stemmed Angelica is a host plant for the Eastern black swallowtail butterflyPapilio ( polyxenes asterius) and the umbellifera borer moth (Papaipema birdi). Uses Native American cultures. The consumption must be done projects. Restorationists plant also has many culinary with EXTREME CAUTION. appreciate its ability to Purple-stemmed Angelica uses: the flavorful stems are The similar water hemlock tolerate wet soils, part shade has a long history of human similar in texture to celery and poison hemlock are both and high weed pressure use. -
Hypervitaminosis - an Emerging Pathological Condition
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research www.ijhsr.org ISSN: 2249-9571 Review Article Hypervitaminosis - An Emerging Pathological Condition J K Roop PG Department of Zoology, JC DAV College (Affiliated to Panjab University, Chandigarh), Dasuya-144205, District Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India ABSTRACT Vitamins are essential organic compounds that are required in small amounts to regulate various metabolic activities in the body. Prolonged and overconsumption of pharmaceutical forms of both water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins may lead to toxicity and/or hypervitaminosis. Hypervitaminosis is an acute emerging pathological condition of the body due to excess accumulation of any of the vitamins. In case of acute poisoning with vitamin supplements/drugs, emergency assistance is required to detoxify the effects and restore the organization, structure and function of body’s tissues and organs. Sometimes death may occur due to intoxication to liver, kidney and heart. So, to manage any type of hypervitaminosis, proper diagnosis is essential to initiate eliminating the cause of its occurrence and accelerate the elimination of the supplement from the body. The present review discusses the symptoms of hypervitaminosis that seems to be a matter of concern today and management strategies to overcome toxicity or hypervitaminosis. Keywords: Hypervitaminosis, Toxicity, Vitamins, Vitamin pathology, Fat-soluble vitamin, Water- soluble vitamin. INTRODUCTION body, particularly in the liver. Vitamin B Vitamins are potent organic Complex and vitamin C are water- soluble. compounds present in small concentrations They are dissolved easily in food during in various fruits and vegetables. They cooking and a portion of these vitamins may regulate physiological functions and help in be destroyed by heating. -
Simulation of Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Vitamin D3 and Its Natural Derivatives
pharmaceuticals Article Simulation of Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Vitamin D3 and Its Natural Derivatives Subrata Deb * , Anthony Allen Reeves and Suki Lafortune Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA; [email protected] (A.A.R.); [email protected] (S.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +1-224-310-7870 or +1-305-760-7479 Received: 9 June 2020; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Vitamin D3 is an endogenous fat-soluble secosteroid, either biosynthesized in human skin or absorbed from diet and health supplements. Multiple hydroxylation reactions in several tissues including liver and small intestine produce different forms of vitamin D3. Low serum vitamin D levels is a global problem which may origin from differential absorption following supplementation. The objective of the present study was to estimate the physicochemical properties, metabolism, transport and pharmacokinetic behavior of vitamin D3 derivatives following oral ingestion. GastroPlus software, which is an in silico mechanistically-constructed simulation tool, was used to simulate the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic behavior for twelve vitamin D3 derivatives. The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADMET) Predictor and PKPlus modules were employed to derive the relevant parameters from the structural features of the compounds. The majority of the vitamin D3 derivatives are lipophilic (log P values > 5) with poor water solubility which are reflected in the poor predicted bioavailability. The fraction absorbed values for the vitamin D3 derivatives were low except for calcitroic acid, 1,23S,25-trihydroxy-24-oxo-vitamin D3, and (23S,25R)-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone each being greater than 90% fraction absorbed.