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The ABC of Drugs

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The ABC of Drugs LSD Joint Liquor Morphine Breath DrugTest 5000 Gin Lane Intoxication Witches Cheerful Purity Law Skin Evidential DRUID Sensor SpeedballAlcohol Ban Dependency Cocaine Emotions Sober Legalization BAC Roadside Checkpoint Opioids Drunk Ritalin Amphetamines Crack F.W. Sertürner Spice Profit Corn Schnapps EthanolInebriated Industrial Safety Sympathetic Nervous System Opium Sampling Unable to DriveUnable to War on Drugs War Blood Drugs Limits Prohibition MDMA Labrador Tea Catalyzer Poison Traffic Prevention Locoweed Reactions HeroinKhat Soul Pretest Bootlegger Rights Urine Shamans Injection IntoxicantRoad Deaths High-risk Professions Sober Alcohol Saliva Illegal Tube CultureAuthor Synthetic Wine Pervitin VodkaShisha Ecstasy PPT Paracelsus Beer Marijuana Electrochemical Alcotest Sweat Approval Drugs – ABCs Enzyme Ankle Bracelet Here is a brief, factual tour of commonly used drugs – their active ingredients as well as methods of use, risks, prevalence (frequency of use), origin, and history. © Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA 1 Drugs – ABCS Drugs – ABCS and sleep-in ducing purposes; their consumed cannabis at least once in Origins and history: the coca bush inter national non-proprietary names their lives. 6.8 percent of the same age has been cultivated in South America Drugs – ABCs often end in -azepam: Diazepam, group have consumed it within the for a good 5,000 years. Its leaves may Lorazepam and Oxazepam. Trade names past twelve months – or one out of three only have been used for ritual activities include Valium, Librium, Rohypnol, people have experimented with cannabis. initially. When impoverishment set in with Tavor, and Praxiten. Risks: restricted physical and mental the Spanish conquest, large sections Form of consumption: as tablets capacity, coupled with self-overestimation; of the population used the plant to stave or injected intraveneously. inability to drive. If consumed heavily off hunger and cold, and to increase Effect: anxiolytic, relaxing, soothing. and regularly: psychological dependency, their productivity. The active ingredient Risks: memory disorders, impaired passivity. was isolated around 1860 and used reactions, and perception – consequently: Origins and history: its home is initially as a local anesthetic and anti- Alcohol driving impairment; addictive if taken probably the Middle East and Central depressant. Cocaine epidemic Active ingredient: ethyl alcohol long-term without medical supervision. Asia. Used in folk medicine (to among artists and intellectuals in (ethanol) Origins and history: traces of benzodia - reduce the pain of neuralgia, migraine, the 1920s; renaissance in the Form of consumption: drunk in various zepines occur in human and animal and seizure disorders), but also in 1970s and since the early 1990s as forms and mixtures with very diverse blood as well as certain plants. They were all cultural circles as an intoxicant. First a ‘performance drug’. alcohol contents between 2 percent (fer- discovered more or less by accident mentioned in 2700 BC in a Chinese Synonyms: coke, snow, blow; crack mented mare’s milk, ‘kumis’) and in the USA in 1957. The first medicine book of medicines. Its was used as a and rocks (for crack). 95 percent (corn schnapps, ‘Everclear’). in this group came onto the market in remedy with euphorizing effect that Descent: “If you wanna get down, down Effect: white paper 'The real truth about 1960 under the name Librium, and Valium began in 19th century Europe. on the ground, Cocaine” – JJ Cale (1976). drugs and their effects on the body', page 5. followed in 1963. It was not until the Synonyms: dope, ganja, bud, grass, Prevalence: in the countries of the 1980s that their addictive potential was weed, hash, pot, piece, shit, spliff. Crack cocaine hydrochloride European Union, consumption among recognized; a study of this group of Queen of Pot: physicians prescribed mixed with alkalis Cocaine people over 15 is 12.5 liters of pure substances in 2008 nevertheless foretold cannabis for Queen Victoria (1819–1901) is smoked. First appeared in 1983/84 alcohol annually – which is twice as high that “they will still be prescribed for to treat period pains. on the West Coast of the USA. as the global average. many years to come.” Risks: the EU and WHO list more Synonyms: tranks, benzos, vals; rosh Cocaine crystal-like ‘Designer Drugs’ than 40 recognized alcohol related and roofies for rohypnol. powder made from the leaves of Amphetamines (‘speed’) and diseases, alcohol also “plays a role in Sleepless: “My wife doesn’t let me take the coca bush Methamphetamine (‘ecstasy’) numerous other health problems, Valium,” said benzodiazepine’s inventor Leo Active ingredient: Cocaine Active ingredients: these structurally such as injuries and fatalities on the Sternbach to The New Yorker. Form of consumption: sniffed, similar and synthetically produced roads.” In the countries of the EU, intra veneously injected, and smoked designer drugs belong to the substance 10.8 percent of all deaths in 2004 in the Cannabis genus of (crack). category of beta-phenylalkylamines age group between 15 and 64 were the hemp plant Effect: stimulates the central nervous (beta- phenethylamines). a result of alcohol consumption. Another Active ingredient: system strongly by suppressing the Form of consumption: usually 3.3 percent of this age group died Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) re-uptake of noradrenaline, dopamine, and swallowed, more seldom sniffed, taken as the result of other people’s alcohol Form of consumption: usually serotonin in synaptic vesicles. Immedi- intraveneously, or even smoked consumption. smoked, mixed with tobacco in cigarettes, ately effective, euphorigenic, stress-redu- ( methamphetamine). Origins and history: Since prehistoric as blunts (larger) or joints (smaller), cing. Loss of inhibition coupled with Effect: as an analeptic it provides a lift times people have crafted drinks containing A drug’s effect or with special hashish pipes. The effect increased energy and creativity. and produces wakefulness, vitality, and the potable alcohol, ETHANOL. and risk cannot occurs here almost immediately, Prevalence: around 4.6 percent of all self-confidence; methamphetamines often be seen from Synonyms: booze, hooch, firewater. the outside delayed when cannabis drinks, yogurt, Europeans aged between 15 and 64 have a much stronger effect than Fortification: around 3100 BC, workers and baked cookies are consumed. have consumed cocaine at least once amphetamines. on the pyramids were given five liters Effect: accentuates existing positive in their lives. 1.2 percent of the same Prevalence, amphetamines: of beer daily as a supplement to their or negative moods; makes consumers age group have consumed cocaine during around 3.8 percent of all Europeans diet and to keep their mood up. considerably more upbeat. Feelings the past twelve months – or one out aged between 15 and 64 have consumed of relaxation, inner peace and equilibrium; of four people have experimented with amphetamines at least once in their Benzodiazepines often reduced drive. Cheerfulness cocaine. lives. 0.6 percent of the same age group Active ingredient: a group of com- ck and heightened social communicative - Risks: rapid psychological dependency, con sumed amphetamines in the last STO K pounds whose basic constituents are 1,4- IN ness are also observed. all the way to ‘cocaine psychosis’; twelve months – or one out of six people H T or 1,5-benzodiazepines. They were Prevalence: almost 25 percent of all impurities in filler substances increase have experimented with amphetamines. OTO: H developed as tranquilizers for calming P Europeans aged between 15 and 64 have the risk of side-effects. Prevalence, ecstasy: around 2 © DRÄgerwerk AG & CO. KGAA © Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA 3 Drugs – ABCS Drugs – ABCS 3.4 percent of all Europeans aged Nobel plea: “The service is tight … today 2 to 4 percent among young adults named ‘methadone’ in the USA in 1947. pipes back home with them. It found its between 15 and 64 have consumed I am writing primarily about Pervitin. … (15–34 years) in selected EU countries. Used in the USA from the late 1940s way to China via contemporary Indonesia ecstasy at least once in their lives. Yours, Hein,” telegraphed Nobel Prize for Risks: collapse if overdosed, psychoses onwards to compensate for the withdrawal in the 17th century. In Europe, opium 0.6 percent of the same age group Literature winner (in 1972) Heinrich if consumed regularly, lasting state of fear symp toms suffered by patients addicted was used as an analgesic mainly from the consumed ecstasy in the last twelve Böll from Poland on November 9, 1939 even after small doses – given genetic to heroin; in Germany from 1950 onwards 18th century onwards. Morphine, the months – or one out of six people have to his parents in Cologne. disposition. (as ‘Pola midon’). First experimen tal most important main alkaloid, was isolated experimented with ecstasy. Origins and history: developed as methadone program in Germany between from opium in 1804; heroin, which has Risks: overdose and side-effects, Diazepam Benzodiazepines a fast-acting anesthetic from 1962 in the 1973 and 1975 in Hanover. Substitution an even greater potential for addiction, was especially in the case of impure and Indispensable: the WHO includes it in USA, where it was approved in 1970 programs using methadone were esta- synthesized in 1898. During the early intraveneously administered drugs; its list of ‘Essential Medicines’ that belong then used immediately, including in the blished in Germany from
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