The Final 50 Feet Urban Goods Delivery System

Seattle Department of Transportation THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM

Research Scan and Data Collection Project

FINAL REPORT January 19, 2018

University of Washington Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Center Urban Freight Lab 111 Wilson Ceramic Lab Box 352700 Seattle, WA 98195-2700 CONTENTS

/ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ...... 5

Chapter 1 —Industry Sector Research Scan ...... 6 The Growth of E-Commerce: Moving More Goods, More Quickly ...... 8 KŶůŝŶĞƐŚŽƉƉĞƌƐ͛ĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽƌŝƐŝŶŐ ...... 10 Urban Goods Delivery Firms Must Provide Fast and Reliable Delivery Times ...... 13 dŚƌĞĞWĂƌĐĞůŽŵƉĂŶǇWƌŽĮůĞƐ͗/ŶǀĞƐƟŶŐŝŶ'ƌŽǁƚŚ ...... 13 New Technologies Are Transforming the Urban Goods Delivery System ...... 16 /ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚǀŝƐŝďŝůŝƚǇŽĨĂƐƐĞƚƐ ...... 16 ^ŚĂƌĞĚͲƵƐĞŵŽďŝůŝƚǇ͗ƐƚĂƌƚͲƵƉƐŝŶƚŚĞĞǆƉƌĞƐƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĐĞůĚĞůŝǀĞƌǇƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ...... 17 ůŽƵĚďĂƐĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚŽƉĞŶ͕ƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞĚĂƚĂ ...... 18 ^ŵĂƌƚWĂƌŬŝŶŐ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ...... 19

ŚĂƉƚĞƌϮͲhƌďĂŶ'ŽŽĚƐĞůŝǀĞƌǇWƌŽĮůĞƐĨŽƌWƌŽƚŽƚǇƉĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ...... 23 /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ...... 24 'ŽĂůƐ ...... 25 DĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇ ...... 25 ^ĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ&ŝǀĞWƌŽƚŽƚǇƉĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ...... 25 ƵŝůĚŝŶŐKƉƟŽŶƐŝŶŽǁŶƚŽǁŶ^ĞĂƩůĞ ...... 25 KďƚĂŝŶŝŶŐWĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵƵŝůĚŝŶŐDĂŶĂŐĞƌƐ ...... 28 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶWůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ...... 28 /ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůZĞǀŝĞǁŽĂƌĚƐ;/ZͿǆĞŵƉƟŽŶ ...... 29 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶ/K^ ...... 29 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞ ...... 32 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶWƌŽĐĞƐƐ ...... 33 KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͗^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ ...... 33 ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͗ĞǆƚĞƌ,ŽƌƚŽŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ...... 38 ,ŽƚĞů͗&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů ...... 42 ^ŚŽƉƉŝŶŐDĂůů͗tĞƐƚůĂŬĞDĂůůͬdŽǁĞƌ ...... 46 ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůdŽǁĞƌ͗/ŶƐŝŐŶŝĂdŽǁĞƌ ...... 52 Process Flow Map ...... 56

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 2 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϯ͗WƌŝǀĂƚĞ>ŽĂĚŝŶŐ&ĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ/ŶǀĞŶƚŽƌǇ ...... 59 /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ...... 60 'ŽĂůƐ ...... 60 DĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇ ...... 60 Mapping the City’s Private Freight Infrastructure ...... 61 ^ƚĞƉϭ͘ŽůůĞĐƚǆŝƐƟŶŐĂƚĂ ...... 61 ^ƚĞƉϮ͘ĞǀĞůŽƉ^ƵƌǀĞǇƚŽŽůůĞĐƚ&ƌĞŝŐŚƚĂǇĂŶĚ>ŽĂĚŝŶŐŽĐŬĂƚĂ ...... 62 >ŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞZĞǀŝĞǁ ...... 62 ^ƵƌǀĞǇĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚWŝůŽƚ^ƵƌǀĞǇ ...... 64 &ŝŶĂů^ƵƌǀĞǇ&Žƌŵ ...... 65 ĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ...... 65 ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨĂĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƉƉ ...... 65 ZĞĐƌƵŝƟŶŐĂŶĚdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶdĞĂŵ ...... 65 ŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐƚŚĞ^ƵƌǀĞǇ ...... 66 DƵůƟͲ>ĂǇĞƌŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ^ƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ ...... 66 YƵĂůŝƚǇŽŶƚƌŽů ...... 67 Database Structure ...... 68 ĂƚĂďĂƐĞ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŝĂŐƌĂŵ ...... 68 dǇƉŽůŽŐǇŽĨĞůŝǀĞƌǇ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ...... 68 ĂƚĂŝĐƟŽŶĂƌǇ ...... 71

&ŝŶĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚ&ƵƚƵƌĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ...... 72

ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ...... 74 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϭZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ...... 74 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϮZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ...... 78 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϯZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ...... 78

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆʹWƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌǇKďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽŶƚŚĞWƌŽƚŽƚǇƉĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ...... 79 1. Hotels ...... 80 ϭ͘ϭ&ĂŝƌŵŽŶƚ,ŽƚĞů ...... 80 ϭ͘Ϯ&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů ...... 81 ϭ͘ϯtĞƐƟŶ^ĞĂƩůĞ ...... 82 2. Historic Buildings ...... 83 Ϯ͘ϭ/ŶƚĞƌƵƌďĂŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ...... 83 Ϯ͘ϮĂĨĠWĂůŽŵĂ ...... 84

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 3 ϯ͘ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůdŽǁĞƌƐ ...... 85 ϯ͘ϭ͘/ŶƐŝŐŶĂďǇŽƐĂ ...... 85 ϯ͘ϮƐƉŝƌĂƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ ...... 86 ϰ͘KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ...... 87 ϰ͘ϭ͘^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ...... 87 ϰ͘Ϯ͘ŽůƵŵďŝĂĞŶƚĞƌ ...... 88 ϰ͘ϯϱϮϬWŝŬĞdŽǁĞƌ ...... 89 5. Retail Buildings ...... 90 ϱ͘ϭWĂĐŝĮĐWůĂĐĞ ...... 90 ϱ͘Ϯ͘tĞƐƚůĂŬĞ^ŚŽƉƉŝŶŐĞŶƚĞƌ ...... 91

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆʹ^ĂŵƉůĞEŽƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ>ĞƩĞƌƚŽĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ...... 92

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆʹ>ĞƩĞƌĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůZĞǀŝĞǁŽĂƌĚ ...... 93

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆʹĞƚĂŝůĞĚ^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞĨŽƌĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌ ƌĞĂƟŶŐĞůŝǀĞƌǇWƌŽĮůĞƐ ...... 94

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆʹ^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌĞƚĂŝůĞĚWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ...... 95

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ&Ͳ^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌͲ^ƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨWƌŽĐĞƐƐ^ƚĞƉĂƚĂ ...... 106

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ'ͲĞǆƚĞƌ,ŽƌƚŽŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐͲ,ŝŐŚͲůĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ...... 112

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ,Ͳ&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞůʹ,ŝŐŚͲůĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ...... 120

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ/ͲtĞƐƚůĂŬĞdŽǁĞƌĂŶĚĞŶƚĞƌʹ,ŝŐŚͲůĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ...... 122

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ:ʹ/ŶƐŝŐŶŝĂdŽǁĞƌʹ,ŝŐŚͲůĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ...... 130

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ<ͲĂƚĂĚŝĐƟŽŶĂƌǇĂŶĚŵĂƉĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ ...... 138

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆ>ʹ&ŝŶĂů^ƵƌǀĞǇ&Žƌŵ ...... 166

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆDʹĂƚĂ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŝĂŐƌĂŵ ...... 168

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆEʹĂƚĂďĂƐĞsĂƌŝĂďůĞƐĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐ ...... 170

ƉƉĞŶĚŝǆKʹ/ŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚZĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌ'ĞŽůŽĐĂƟŶŐWƌŝǀĂƚĞdƌƵĐŬ Load/Unload Spaces ...... 173

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 4 INTRODUCTION

Urban goods delivery is an essential but little-noticed activity in urban areas. For the last 40 years, deliveries have been mostly performed by a private sector shipping industry that operates within general FLW\WUDɝFFRQGLWLRQV

However, in recent years e-commerce has created a rapid increase in deliveries, which implies an explosion of activity in the future. Meeting current and future demand is creating unprecedented challenges for shippers WRPHHWERWKLQFUHDVHGYROXPHVDQGLQFUHDVLQJFXVWRPHUH[SHFWDWLRQVIRUHɝFLHQWDQGWLPHO\GHOLYHU\

Anecdotal evidence suggests that increasing demand is overwhelming goods delivery infrastructure and operations. Delivery vehicles parked in travel lanes, unloading taking place on crowded sidewalks, and commercial truck noise during late night and early morning hours are familiar stories in urban areas.

These conditions are noticeable throughout the City of Seattle as our population and employment rapidly increase. However, goods delivery issues are particularly problematic in Seattle’s high-density areas of Downtown, Belltown, South Lake Union, Pioneer Square, First Hill, Capitol Hill and Queen Anne, described as Seattle’s “Center City”.

Urban goods transportation makes our economy and quality of life possible. As the Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT) responds to the many travel challenges of a complex urban environment, we recognize that goods delivery needs to be better understood and supported to retain the vitality and livability of our busiest neighborhoods.

U.S. cities do not have much information about the urban goods delivery system. While public agencies KDYHGDWDRQFLW\VWUHHWVSXEOLFWUDQVSRUWDWLRQDQGGHVLJQDWHGFXUEVLGHSDUNLQJWKHȊȴQDOIHHWȋLQJRRGV delivery also utilizes private vehicles, private loading facilities, and privately-owned and operated buildings outside the traditional realm of urban planning.

Bridging the information gap between the public and private sectors requires a new way of thinking about XUEDQV\VWHPV6SHFLȴFDOO\LWUHTXLUHVWUXVWHGGDWDVKDULQJEHWZHHQSXEOLFDQGSULYDWHSDUWQHUVDQGD data-driven approach to asking and answering the right questions, to successfully meet modern urban goods delivery needs.

Toward this end, SDOT has joined in partnership with the Urban Freight Lab in the Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Center at the University of Washington, global and regional retailers, JRRGVGHOLYHU\ȴUPVDQGEXLOGLQJGHYHORSHUVDQGPDQDJHUVWRVHWFOHDUDQGPHDVXUDEOHJRDOV collect and analyze data, and pilot test promising strategies. The Urban Freight Lab (UFL) provides a standing forum to solve a range of short-term as well as long-term strategic urban goods problem VROYLQJWKDWSURYLGHVHYLGHQFHRIH΍HFWLYHQHVVEHIRUHVWUDWHJLHVDUHZLGHO\LPSOHPHQWHGLQWKH&LW\

7KLVUHSRUWLQFOXGHVLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHȴUVWRIPDQ\UHVHDUFKWDVNVSODQQHGIRUWKHSDUWQHUVKLS EHWZHHQ6'27DQGWKH8UEDQ)UHLJKW/DE7KLVLVWKHȴUVWDVVHVVPHQWLQDQ\$PHULFDQFLW\RIWKH SULYDWHO\RZQHGDQGRSHUDWHGHOHPHQWVRIWKH)LQDO)HHWRIJRRGVGHOLYHU\VXSSO\FKDLQV7KHVH include private truck freight bays and loading docks, delivery policies and operations within buildings located in Center City.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 5 CHAPTER 1 INDUSTRY SECTOR RESEARCH SCAN

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 6 Three driving forces are rapidly transforming the urban goods delivery system in Seattle and other cities: • The growth of e-commerce in dense urban centers;

ȏ 7KHVWUDWHJLFLPSHUDWLYHIRUIUHLJKWGHOLYHU\ȴUPVWRPDWFKWKHHFRPPHUFHJURZWKFXUYHDQGWR provide fast and reliable delivery times expected by online shoppers; and • The emergence of new technologies in the supply chain and logistics sectors.

:KLOHWKHUHWDLOVHFWRULVUHVKDSLQJXUEDQJRRGVGHPDQGDQGWUXFNWUDɝFSDWWHUQVWKHFRQWRXUVRI the City of Seattle’s built environment are also in a period of dynamic change. The City is developing XUEDQFHQWHUVZLWKZDONDEOHDQGHQWLFLQJQHLJKERUKRRGVRIUHVLGHQWLDODQGRɝFHWRZHUVDQG SODQQLQJIRULQFUHDVHGWUDQVLWDQGELNHODQHV7HFKVHFWRUHPSOR\HHVDUHȴOOLQJKLJKULVHRɝFHDQG residential towers in the downtown and South Lake Union areas. [1]

6HDWWOHȇVGRZQWRZQFHQWHUVHWUHFRUGVIRUFRQVWUXFWLRQDFWLYLW\DFURVVUHVLGHQWLDORɝFHDQGKRWHO sectors in 2016 [2]. Residential development was very strong and the Seattle Downtown Association predicts that there will be 6,000 new units constructed over the next year. Two-thirds of the buildings under development contain a residential component. In addition, nearly 12 million square feet of new RɝFHVSDFHLVH[SHFWHGWREHEXLOWE\WKHHQGRI7KLVLVDERXWWKHVDPHDPRXQWDGGHGLQWKH SUHYLRXV\HDUVWULSOLQJWKHSDFHRIRɝFHGHYHORSPHQWGRZQWRZQ

7KH86&HQVXV%XUHDXOLVWHG6HDWWOHDVWKHȴIWKIDVWHVWJURZLQJODUJH86FLW\E\QXPHULFSRSXODWLRQ LQFUHDVHIURP-XO\WR-XQH>@6HDWWOHȇVSRSXODWLRQJUHZE\SHRSOHGXULQJWKDW WLPHDQGWRWDOVLQ7KH&HQVXVSXW6HDWWOHDWVKRZLQJWKDWWKHFLW\JUHZ E\QHDUO\QHZSHRSOHLQMXVWVL[\HDUV6HDWWOHȇVGHQVLW\LVQRZDURXQGUHVLGHQWVSHU square mile. [4]

The City of Seattle was also the sixth most congested city in North America, and the fourth in the U.S. EHKLQG/RV$QJHOHV6DQ)UDQFLVFRDQG1HZ

6HDWWOHȇVJURZWKUHȵHFWVJOREDOXUEDQL]DWLRQWUHQGVDQGDGHHSHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHWUHQGV UHVKDSLQJWKHFLW\ȇVJRRGVGHOLYHU\V\VWHPZLOOEHYDOXDEOHLQRWKHUXUEDQFHQWHUVRIWKHZRUOGȇV SRSXODWLRQFXUUHQWO\OLYHLQXUEDQDUHDV>@DQGWKH:RUOG%DQNHVWLPDWHVWKDWE\ELOOLRQPRUH XUEDQUHVLGHQWVZLOOEHDGGHGWRWKHQXPEHU$81UHSRUWSUHGLFWVWKDWE\RIWKHZRUOGȇV SRSXODWLRQZLOOUHVLGHLQXUEDQDUHDV>@ΖQ1RUWK$PHULFDLQRIWKHSRSXODWLRQOLYHGLQ XUEDQDUHDV&LWLHVFRQVXPHFORVHWRRIWKHZRUOGȇVHQHUJ\DQGDFFRXQWIRUPRUHWKDQRI global greenhouse gas emissions.

7KH&LW\RI6HDWWOHLVHQJDJLQJLQVHYHUDOLQQRYDWLYHSODQQLQJH΍RUWVWRPDQDJHDQGLPSURYH transportation in the face of such growth. One Center City is a partnership formed by the City of Seattle, Sound Transit, King County, and the Downtown Seattle Association to build an integrated plan that makes it easier to get around and enjoy Center City both in the near-term and over the next 20 years. The plan’s goals are to improve mobility, and foster vibrant street life and great public spaces. >@7KH6HDWWOH'HSDUWPHQWRI7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ 6'27 SXEOLVKHG6HDWWOHȇVȴUVW)UHLJKW0DVWHU3ODQ>@ in 2016. The plan recognizes anticipated growth and includes high-level policy recommendations and potential strategies to improve the urban goods delivery system.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 7 The growth of total e-commerce sales is causing tremendous impacts on urban goods delivery systems. It is putting pressure on local governments to rethink how they manage street curb parking DQGDOOH\RSHUDWLRQVIRUWUXFNVDQGRWKHUGHOLYHU\YHKLFOHVΖWLVDOVRIRUFLQJUHVLGHQWLDODQGRɝFH EXLOGLQJGHYHORSHUVDQGRSHUDWRUVWRSODQIRUDQLQȵX[RIRQOLQHJRRGV

This chapter will describe urban goods delivery trends in light of the City’s anticipated growth.

The Growth of E-Commerce: Moving More Goods, More Quickly

*URZWKLQ86RQOLQHVDOHVKDVDYHUDJHGPRUHWKDQ\HDURYHU\HDUVLQFH(FRPPHUFH VDOHVLQZHUHDOPRVWELOOLRQXSIURPZKLOHWRWDOUHWDLOVDOHVLQFUHDVHGE\RQO\ LQWKHVDPHWLPHSHULRG

(FRPPHUFHVDOHVLQZHUHRIWRWDOVDOHVJURZLQJIURPLQ>@6XUJLQJJURZWKLQ 86RQOLQHVDOHVKDVDYHUDJHGPRUHWKDQ\HDURYHU\HDUVLQFHΖQRQHGD\DORQH%ODFN )ULGD\ZHEVDOHVVRDUHGE\IURPWR>@

Amazon’s role in this transformation cannot be overestimated. The total value of transactions by U.S. FRQVXPHUVRQ$PD]RQFRPUHDFKHGELOOLRQODVW\HDUDLQFUHDVHFRPSDUHGZLWKELOOLRQ LQDFFRUGLQJWRΖQWHUQHW5HWDLOHUDQG&KDQQHO$GYLVRU&RUS>@7KDWPHDQV$PD]RQDORQHZDV

Figure 1-1.*URZWKRI86(&RPPHUFH6DOHV

Information retrieved from U.S Census Bureau [9]

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 8 UHVSRQVLEOHIRURIWKHELOOLRQJURZWKLQ86UHWDLOHFRPPHUFHLQDQGRIWKH ELOOLRQLQFUHDVHLQWKHWRWDOUHWDLOPDUNHW

Many brick-and-mortar retailers have not been successful in integrating omnichannel sales platforms and can only expect to see Amazon’s share of the e-commerce market grow. The online retailer, ZKLFKDFFRXQWHGIRUDERXWRI86RQOLQHVDOHVLQZLOOJURZPDUNHWVKDUHWRDERXWE\ 2021, helped by the popularity of its Prime membership program and its marketplaces, according to :DOO6WUHHWȴUP1HHGKDP

“We believe Amazon’s established dominance in the U.S. is sustainable with Prime, mobile penetration and third-party growth,” said Needham analyst Kerry Rice.

Figure 1-2. Amazon Dominates Online Shopping in the U.S. [12]

Figure 1-3. $PD]RQ3UHGLFWHGWR0DNH8S7RRI862QOLQH6DOHVE\>@

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 9 How many Americans are Amazon Prime members? According to data from Consumer Intelligence Research Partners (CIRP), membership has doubled in the United States over the last two years. The FRVWLVD\HDURUDPRQWK7KH&Ζ53HVWLPDWHSXWV3ULPHPHPEHUVKLSLQDWPLOOLRQ HDFKVSHQGLQJDQDYHUDJHRISHU\HDU>@7KDWȇVDLQFUHDVHIURPDQHVWLPDWHGPLOOLRQ members at the end of the same period in 2016. Amazon itself does not provide a Prime enrollment count.

$PD]RQRSHUDWHVDYDULHW\RIIXOȴOPHQWDQGGLVWULEXWLRQFHQWHUVLQFOXGLQJVPDOOVRUWDEOHODUJH VRUWDEOHODUJHQRQVRUWDEOHVSHFLDOW\IXOȴOOPHQWFHQWHUVDSSDUHODQGIRRWZHDUUHGLVWULEXWLRQ FHQWHUVUHWXUQVFHQWHUV3/RXWVRXUFHGIDFLOLWLHV$PD]RQ)UHVKDQG$PD]RQ3DQWU\IDFLOLWLHV7KHVH facilities consolidate the products sold by Amazon or by third-party vendors to be packaged and VKLSSHGE\$PD]RQ>@

Online shoppers’ expectations for service are also rising

0LOOLRQVRISHRSOHZKRVKRSRQOLQHQRZSXUFKDVHPRUHWKDQKDOIRIWKHLUJRRGVRQOLQH>@RI all U.S. consumers bought food online in 2016. Some groups bought even more:

ȏ RIFLW\GZHOOHUVYVRIVXEXUEDQDQGRIUXUDOUHVLGHQWV ȏ RISDUHQWVYVZLWKRXWNLGV ȏ RI0LOOHQQLDOV>@

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 10 7ZRRXWRIWKUHHRQOLQHVKRSSHUVH[SHFWWREHDEOHWRSODFHDQRUGHUDVODWHDVSPIRUQH[WGD\ GHOLYHU\7KUHHRXWRIȴYHEHOLHYHRUGHUVSODFHGE\QRRQVKRXOGEHGHOLYHUHGWKHVDPHGD\DQGRQH RXWRIIRXUEHOLHYHRUGHUVSODFHGE\SPRUODWHUVKRXOGVWLOOEHGHOLYHUHGRQWKHVDPHGD\>@ In many large cities, Amazon Prime subscribers can now get free two-hour delivery on more than LWHPVWKH\PLJKWRWKHUZLVHKDYHERXJKWDW:DOJUHHQVRU(OHYHQ)RUDQDGGLWLRQDO orders arrive within an hour.

The modern shopper’s purchase may be made in a physical store, online or via a mobile app. Consumer purchasing behavior will continue to change as smartphones and other devices provide increasing connectivity, giving consumers multiple channels to evaluate products, order, pay, collect, and return their purchases.

While the growth of e-commerce is exploding, most shopping still takes place in retail stores. For city residents, neighborhood retail is still all about location. One reason people are attracted to urban QHLJKERUKRRGVLVEHFDXVHWKH\SUHIHUWRZDONPRUHDQGGULYHOHVV5HVSRQGHQWVLQWKH1DWLRQDO Multifamily Housing Council-Kingsley Apartment Resident Preferences Survey preferred walking to JURFHU\VWRUHVDQGUHVWDXUDQWVUDWKHUWKDQGULYLQJE\VHYHQSHUFHQWDJHSRLQWV>@7KLVOLIHVW\OH UHTXLUHVPHUFKDQWVWRGHOLYHUJRRGVWRFXVWRPHUVȇKRPHVRɝFHEXLOGLQJVRUVWRUHVFORVHWRZKHUH they live. Therefore, walkable communities rely as much on the goods delivery system as they do pedestrian infrastructure and transit services.

Figure 1-4. &RQVXPHUV8VH0XOWLSOH&KDQQHOVWR5HVHDUFKDQG3XUFKDVH*RRGV>@

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 11 Figure 1-5. (&RPPHUFHDVD3HUFHQWDJHRI7RWDO6KLSPHQWV6DOHV5HYHQXHV>@

One way to infer the future adoption of e-commerce in the retail sector is to look at the current adoption rate in the manufacturing and wholesale sectors.

In the most recent statistics released by the U.S. Census Bureau, e-commerce was the primary method RIEXVLQHVVWREXVLQHVVVDOHVLQWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJVHFWRUUHSUHVHQWLQJRIDOOVKLSPHQWVLQ XSIURPLQ>@7KLVRFFXUUHGHYHQDVWKHWRWDOYDOXHRIVKLSPHQWVGURSSHGLQWKHVDPH WLPHSHULRGIURPELOOLRQLQGRZQWRELOOLRQLQ

7RWDOHFRPPHUFHVDOHVIRUPHUFKDQWZKROHVDOHUVZHUHXSE\SHUFHQWWRELOOLRQLQ IURPELOOLRQLQ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 12 Urban Goods Delivery Firms Must Provide Fast and Reliable Delivery Times

The strategic imperative for freight delivery companies, retailers, and cities is to create enough capacity to deliver all these packages and satisfy the growth in urban customer demand. Three GHOLYHU\ȴUPVȂ8368636DQG)HG([ȂGHOLYHUWKHYDVWPDMRULW\RISDFNDJHVLQWKH86ΖQWKHVKRUW term, will they be able to meet their e-commerce customers’ needs?

7RSXWQXPEHUVWRWKLVSUREOHPD3LSHU-D΍UD\DQDO\VWHVWLPDWHGWKDW$PD]RQVROGELOOLRQLWHPV LQΖQWKH\H[SHFWWKHPWRVHOOELOOLRQLWHPV$PD]RQ&(2-H΍%H]RVKDVVDLGWKDWȊ:H will take all the capacity that the U.S. Postal Service can give us and that UPS can give us and we still need to supplement it. So we’re not cutting back. We’re growing our business with UPS. We’re growing our business with the U.S. Postal Service.” [21]

THREE PARCEL COMPANY PROFILES: INVESTING IN GROWTH

836GHOLYHUHGDQDYHUDJHRIPLOOLRQSDFNDJHVSHUGD\DFURVVWKHJOREHLQDQGGDLO\86 DLUYROXPHZDVPLOOLRQSDFNDJHVDQGGRFXPHQWV>@836ȇVȊ7KH6PDUW/RJLVWLFV1HWZRUN Invest. Grow. Deliver” report predicts that e-commerce will fuel their company’s growth curve into the IXWXUH>@

Figure 1-6.2QOLQH5HWDLOLV836 V*URZWK(QJLQHIRUWKH)XWXUH

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 13 $VGHPDQGLQFUHDVHGIURPRQOLQHUHWDLOHUVLQ836EHJDQ6DWXUGD\SLFNXSDQGGHOLYHU\VHUYLFH IRU*URXQGSDUFHOVLQPHWURSROLWDQDUHDVLQFOXGLQJ1HZ@

The carrier also continues to expand and upgrade its facilities to better handle e-commerce growth. 836FXUUHQWO\KDVSURMHFWVXQGHUZD\WKDWWRWDOPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQVTXDUHIHHWȊWRFUHDWHFDSDFLW\ DQGHɝFLHQF\WRVXSSRUWIXUWKHU%% EXVLQHVVWREXVLQHVV DQG%& EXVLQHVVWRFRQVXPHU JURZWKȋ 7KRVHLQLWLDWLYHVLQFUHDVHGRSHUDWLQJFRVWVE\PLOOLRQLQWKHȴUVWTXDUWHU

In 2016, Chris Karpenko, director of brand marketing for the U.S. Postal Service (USPS), said that WKHSRVWDOVHUYLFHGHOLYHUVPRUHHFRPPHUFHSDFNDJHVWRKRPHVWKDQDQ\RWKHUVKLSSHU>@Ȋ:H identify this through the number of packages delivered to homes every day, and where the orders come from. We’re seeing a lot of growth in our Parcel Select and Parcel Lightweight products for e-commerce, where shipments are consolidated and dropped into the closest destination delivery XQLW ''8LHDQ\ORFDOSRVWDORɝFHZLWKLQD]LSFRGH IRUȴQDOPLOHGHOLYHU\

$VIRU6XQGD\GHOLYHU\.DUSHNQRVDLGFXVWRPHUVORYHLWDQGDGRSWLRQLVJURZLQJIDVWȂDQGQRWMXVW for Amazon orders. “Amazon is certainly a part of it, and we’ve been expanding that relationship,” he VDLG'HPDQGIRU6XQGD\GHOLYHU\LVGULYHQE\FRQVXPHUVLQFOXGLQJWKHGHVLUHIRUIDVWHUIXOȴOOPHQW This tends to happen much more in urban areas due to the economies of scale from greater density WKDWEHQHȴWVWKHFDUULHUDQGPHUFKDQWV

ΖQ)HG([ȇVȊ$QQXDO5HSRUW(&RPPHUFHȋWKHFRPSDQ\VWDWHVWKDWȊWKHKROLGD\VHDVRQRI made it clear that e-commerce has enabled a full-scale retail revolution.’’ The value proposition, however, remains the same — the ability to order a product online and have it reliably delivered to WKHFRQVXPHU)HG([LVRQHRIRQO\WKUHHHQWHUSULVHVWKDWWRJHWKHUGHOLYHURIDOOHFRPPHUFH orders in the United States. [26]

ȊΖWȇVLPSHUDWLYHWKDWZHFRQWLQXHLQYHVWLQJIRUSURȴWDEOHJURZWKE\H[SDQGLQJRXUQHWZRUNFDSDFLW\WR PDWFKWKHSUHGLFWHGLQFUHDVHLQHFRPPHUFHVKLSPHQWV)HG([*URXQGLQYHVWHGELOOLRQLQ)< LQFOXGLQJDXWRPDWHGKXEVLQ7UDF\&DOLIRUQLDDQG2FDOD)ORULGDDQGDGGLWLRQDODXWRPDWHGVWDWLRQV 7KLVZLOOEULQJWKHQXPEHURIDXWRPDWHGKXEVWRDQGWKHQXPEHURIDXWRPDWHGVWDWLRQVWR7KHVH operations are designed to sort packages at a high rate, minimize handling and lower costs.”

ΖQDGGLWLRQWRFDSDFLW\FRQFHUQVVKLSSHUVDQGGHOLYHU\ȴUPVDUHIRFXVHGRQPDQDJLQJUHWXUQVPRUH HɝFLHQWO\DQGUHGXFLQJWKHQXPEHURIIDLOHGȴUVWGHOLYHULHVWR • Improve urban online shoppers’ experiences and protect retailers’ brands;

ȏ /RZHUWUDɝFFRQJHVWLRQLQFLWLHVDVGHOLYHU\WUXFNVFRXOGPDNHXSWRIHZHUWULSVZKLOHVWLOO completing the same number of deliveries;

ȏ &XWFRVWVIRUWKHUHWDLOVHFWRUDQGORJLVWLFVȴUPV • Cut crime and provide a safer environment;

ȏ (QVXUHWKDWDOOFLW\QHLJKERUKRRGVFDQUHFHLYHRQOLQHRUGHUVQRWMXVWDIHZ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 14 One strategy to accomplish these goals is to ship to alternate delivery locations such as lockers, parcel GHOLYHU\ȴUPVRURWKHUUHWDLOHUVȇVWRUHV

Figure 1-7.6KRSSHUV8VHRI$OWHUQDWH'HOLYHU\/RFDWLRQV>@

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 15 New Technologies Are Transforming the Urban Goods Delivery System

Consumer purchasing behavior has changed drastically through the market penetration of smartphones and other handheld devices. This increasing connectivity gives consumers the RSWLRQRIXVLQJGL΍HUHQWFKDQQHOVWRHYDOXDWHSURGXFWVRUGHUSD\FROOHFWDQGUHWXUQWKHLU SXUFKDVHV7HFKQRORJ\LVDOVRHQDEOLQJȴUPVWRDGGUHVVNH\VXSSO\FKDLQDQGORJLVWLFVLVVXHV

7KLVVHFWLRQIRFXVHVRQWHFKQRORJLHVWKDWKDYHSDUWLFXODUUHOHYDQFHWRWKH)LQDO)HHWRI WKHVXSSO\FKDLQ7KHȴQDOȇRIWKHXUEDQGHOLYHU\V\VWHPEHJLQVDWWKHFLW\RZQHGFXUE commercial vehicle load zone, or alley; extends through privately-owned building freight bays and loading docks; and ends when the goods are received within a building.

INCREASED VISIBILITY OF ASSETS

Information sharing and resource and product visibility across organizations is a chief requirement of emerging supply network and logistics management concepts such as integration, collaboration and synchronization.

2QHPHFKDQLVPWRDFKLHYHYLVLELOLW\LVWKHGHYHORSPHQWRILQH[SHQVLYHȵH[LEOHDQGUREXVW5)Ζ' transporters, transceivers and navigation and environmental sensors that will provide reliable information regarding the location and status of shipments and mobile assets along the supply FKDLQ>@

RFID technology does not ensure continuous product visibility where there are no readers. Although it is technically possible to interface RFID readers to the Internet, the tags do not have this functionality yet. It could be tagged to positioning/navigation and wireless communication for this end. The integration of RFID with other sensors such as GPS, temperature, and humidity is especially important for some sectors such as the perishable food supply chain. The main obstacle is the high horsepower needs of such multifunctional devices.

RFIDs were developed for supply chains in 2000, and at that time were seen as a prerequisite to manage the Internet of Things (IoT). A retail example is found at Burberry, which implemented RFID in select stores beginning in 2012. Wireless readers placed at various points in their stock control process read information about the product such as type and range. This technology helped Burberry with stock and quality control and enhances the customer’s experience with in- VWRUHGLVSOD\VFUHHQV>@

Parcel carriers consider tracking visibility a competitive necessity and typically use bar coding technology to manage millions of packages every day. The UPS My Choice and Quantum View; )HG([ΖQ6LJKW7UDFNLQJDQG'HOLYHU\0DQDJHUDQG86367UDFNLQJSURJUDPVDUHVRSKLVWLFDWHG tools that improve customers’ experience with package visibility and re-route options.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 16 SHARED-USE MOBILITY: START-UPS IN THE EXPRESS AND PARCEL DELIVERY SECTORS

6KDUHGXVHPRELOLW\JHQHUDOO\UHIHUVWRWUDQVSRUWDWLRQVHUYLFHVWKDWSURYLGHȵH[LEOHSDVVHQJHU and goods movement via public transit, ridesharing and commercial delivery vehicles. Transportation network companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft are experiencing rapid growth.

7KHVHDSSOLFDWLRQVPD\EHFODVVLȴHGDV • 21'(0$1'The app acts as a broker between the users and the carriers with which they FRRSHUDWH7KH\PD\DOVRR΍HUZDUHKRXVHDQGSDFNDJLQJVHUYLFHV • 217+(:$<Companies such as Nimber and Roadie take advantage of the extra capacity of people already making a trip by putting them in contact with someone who needs to ship goods with a similar origin and destination. Users negotiate the price and the app is able to FKDUJHDSHUFHQWDJHRUDȴ[HGIHH

Table 1-1. 6KDUHG8VH0RELOLW\)LUPVLQWKH([SUHVVDQG3DUFHO'HOLYHU\6HFWRUV

CITIES START KDWEz DK^͖ COVERED YEAR & PACKAGE SIZE INSURANCE OPERATION

Nimber UK 2016 20% Walk, bike, car Up to WƌŝĐĞŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶ or van 500 pounds deliverers and users. “On-the way”

Shyp SF, LA, 2013 $5 Bikes and cars $100 Deliverers pick up package, take NY, Chi- it to warehouse and shipped by cago parcel carrier

ZŝĐŬƐŚĂǁ SF 2013 From $5.5 Package Broker. Cooperate with carriers. delivery

Roadie Atlanta, - Up to pick-up $500 free, WƌŝĐĞŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞĚďĞƚǁĞĞŶ Dallas truck or 500 lb. up to $10,000 deliverers and users. “On-the way”. Price set based on mileage and package size

UberRush NYC, SF, 2014 Base rate + 30 lb. in bikes; - On-demand delivery Chicago per mile 50 lb. in cars

In addition to the companies listed in Table 1, many other start-up companies such as Shipbob, TruckBird, Deliv, Shult, Postmates and Zipments are entering this crowded market.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 17 CLOUD BASED SERVICES AND OPEN, REAL-TIME DATA

Many new transportation applications have emerged with the liberalization of open data. One of the most prominent examples is found at Transportation for London (TFL). TFL partnered with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to launch their new website with cloud technology and provide the public with UHDOWLPHWUDɝFLQIRUPDWLRQ7KHZHEVLWHJRWYLVLWVSHUGD\LQ>@DQGSURYLGHG • Multi-mode journey planning sensitive to disruptions in the transportation system; managing MRXUQH\SODQQLQJUHTXHVWVSHUGD\ • Real time information about all modes;

ȏ 5HDOWLPHSXEOLFWUDQVLWDUULYDOSUHGLFWLRQVHYHU\VHFRQGV ȏ 2SHQGDWDVRXUFHRIDOOWKHUHDOWLPHGDWDIRUDSSGHYHORSHUVRYHUDUHDOUHDG\ZRUNLQJZLWK this data. The road feeds have:

ȏ /LYHWUDɝFFDPHUDLPDJHVIURPFDPHUDVXSGDWHGHYHU\PLQXWHVWKDWDUHXVHIXOWRNHHS WUDFNRIWUDɝFFRQGLWLRQV ȏ /LYH7UDɝF'LVUXSWLRQVZLWKVSDWLDOLQIRUPDWLRQDQGGHWDLOVRIFORVXUH

The fact that AWS auto-scales on-demand hardware use for usage spikes during disruptions was a key reason in TFL’s decision to work with AWS on this project.

Although there were no publicly available applications specially designed to improve urban freight movement in 2016, trucking and logistics companies use TFL’s open data feed to obtain information about disruptions in the transportation network. This information provides valuable details of project ZRUNVVXFKDVSURMHFWHGVWDUWDQGHQGGDWHVXSWRWKUHHPRQWKVLQWKHIXWXUH>@3URYLGLQJIUHLJKW operators with accessible information is a key concern for the TFL’s Strategic Risk Management Panel, which periodically monitors aspects such as the risk of road construction impacting journey time UHOLDELOLW\>@'LVUXSWLRQLQIRUPDWLRQZLOOEHPRUHDFFHVVLEOHIRUWKHIUHLJKWLQGXVWU\LIDQGZKHQWKH IROORZLQJWKUHHLQLWLDWLYHVDUHFRPSOHWHG>@ • TFL Freight Route Prioritization: On-going work to ensure a more automated and joined up information provision. • Transportation Scotland: Text-to-Speech app for freight users. • A Truck Navigation app developed at the University of Leicester that considers features, such as ZHLJKWDQGKHLJKWRIWKHWUXFNWRSODQURXWHV>@

Other technologies implemented by TFL are Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) and Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) camera system across London’s transportation network. The cameras are XVHGIRUUHDOWLPHWUDɝFPRQLWRULQJHQIRUFLQJWUDɝFUXOHVDQGUHJXODWLRQVDQGURDGXVHUFKDUJLQJ VFKHPHVDQGVXSSRUWWKHHɝFLHQWPDQDJHPHQWDQGRSHUDWLRQRIURDGDQGUDLOQHWZRUNV

2QHVLJQLȴFDQWDSSOLFDWLRQRIUHDOWLPHLQIRUPDWLRQLQWKHORJLVWLFVHFWRULVIRXQGLQWKH83625Ζ21 (On-Road Integrated Optimization Navigation) program. It helped UPS cut distance travelled by PLOOLRQPLOHVLQDQGLVH[SHFWHGWREHXVHGIRUDOO86URXWHVLQ25Ζ21XVHVRQOLQH map data processed by UPS as well as information from 46,000 vehicles that carry GPS, sensors and GULYHUVȇKDQGKHOGPRELOHGHYLFH>@

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 18 The Swiss Post is developing an IoT based on LoRaWAN technology. Potential applications include the use of sensors for safe and tracked transportation of medicinal products. It can also be used to trigger automatic order placement when stocks run low. In addition, Swiss Post is testing commercial GURQHVWRH[SORUHWKHSRWHQWLDORIWKLVWHFKQRORJ\>@

According to one vehicle routing software survey, ArcGIS Network Analyst, Descartes Routing, Truckstops, Route4Me, Roadnet Transportation Suite are the most popular vehicle routing software DSSOLFDWLRQV>@

SMART PARKING SOLUTIONS

3DUNLQJLVDELOOLRQLQGXVWU\LQWKH86$OWKRXJKWKHWRS86SDUNLQJORWDQGJDUDJH FRPSDQLHVJHQHUDWHDSSUR[LPDWHO\RIDOOUHYHQXHRIDOOORWDQGRUSDUNLQJJDUDJHRZQHUV RSHUDWHDVLQJOHIDFLOLW\>@

The main drivers for smart parking system implementation are: • Urban livability, transportation and environmental sustainability issues; and • To enhance productivity and service operations.

Smart parking technologies include:

ȏ (OHFWURQLFSDUNLQJSD\PHQWV\VWHPVVXFKDV ȏ 3HUPLWDQG(QIRUFHPHQW 3 ( • Mobile Parking Payment • Parking Access and Revenue Control (PARCS) • Cloud-based permit application and issuance (e.g. print from home)

ȏ &DVKOHVVȴQDQFLDOWUDQVDFWLRQPDQDJHPHQW • Real time report generation

ȏ (QIRUFHPHQWGDWDVXFKDVRXWVWDQGLQJFLWDWLRQSD\PHQWV • Parking customer convenience applications (i.e. Parking Usage Recognition and Customer Service, PURCS) are used to make reservations, and provide guidance-to-spot applications, and process electronic payments. • New Computer Vision with License Plate Recognition (LPR) cameras for vehicle detection and 6N\(\HFDPHUDVDUHXVHGWRPRQLWRULQIUDVWUXFWXUH7KHFDPHUDEDVHGWHFKQRORJ\LVDOVRPRUH FRVWH΍HFWLYHDWDURXQGSHUSDUNLQJVSRWZKHUHDVWKHVHQVRUEDVHGVROXWLRQVPD\FRVWXSWR SHUSDUNLQJVSRW>@

The main goals when adopting smart parking technologies are: • Lowering operating costs (e.g. reduce infrastructure foot print such as meters and labor costs) • Building value for customers to drive occupancy revenues and facility value • Reducing revenue leakage (e.g. improve revenue collection or reduce theft by cashiers)

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 19 The key challenge for smart parking providers is to grow in scale and service scope, e.g. the number RIVHUYLFHVR΍HUHGVXFKDVRFFXSDQF\DQGUHVHUYDWLRQΖPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIFORXGEDVHGVHUYLFHV WKDWFDQDFKLHYHPDVVLYHVFDOHVRIGHSOR\PHQWLVOLPLWHGE\WKHGLɝFXOW\RIȴQGLQJWKHULJKWPL[ of technology for so many types of facilities. Also, a public requirement to serve a wide variety of customers (with and without smartphones) prevents vendors from achieving an infrastructure-less model for smart parking (e.g. eliminate all meters). Cloud-based smart parking systems also raise issues of maintaining the security and integrity of transaction data.

)URPDQRSHUDWLRQVSHUVSHFWLYHWKHUHDUHIRXUSDUNLQJVHUYLFHPRGHOVWKDWPD\D΍HFWKRZVPDUW parking technology is implemented. In order of decreasing level of customer service they are: 1. Airports and Hospitals 2. Municipalities

8QLYHUVLWLHVDQG5HWDLO+RWHO(YHQW9HQXHVDQG 4. Commercial Parking Garages.

The fastest growth areas are in municipalities and facilities with large numbers of transient (non- regular) customers with parking fares that are medium-to-low. To take advantage of these services, municipalities must develop new innovative contracting models such as privatization, public-private partnerships and performance-based contracts. Some jurisdictions have been able to shift the risk to WKHSULYDWHVHFWRU)RUH[DPSOH/RV$QJHOHVȴQDQFHGWKHOHDVHSD\PHQWVRIUHQHZHGDVVHWVWKURXJK WKHLQFUHPHQWDOUHYHQXHJHQHUDWHGE\WKHVHQHZDVVHWV>@

Table 2 shows a partial list of smart parking system services provided by companies. These FRPSDQLHVPD\EHFODVVLȴHGDVIROORZV • Database software and technology: companies such as Oracle provide services such as data ware- housing and management, business intelligence software and user convenience mobile applications, but do not provide services related to the physical parking infrastructure. • Smart parking infrastructure and cloud-based data management: services provided by companies such as IPS Group Inc. and CivicSmart install a basic smart parking system with smart meters or sensors and cloud-data management system. Some companies such as Fybr and Xerox provide a more advanced version of this smart parking system by adding demand-sensitive pricing. • Mobile user interface: some companies are integrated in the system with the only function to provide cash-free transitions through mobile phones (e.g. PayMobile and Pay-by-phone). More advanced mobile applications provide additional services such as real-time availability information, reservations, and navigation (e.g. ParkMe, ParkRight, ParkMobile).

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 20 Table 1-2.&ODVVLȴFDWLRQRI&RPSDQLHVE\6PDUW3DUNLQJ6ROXWLRQ2΍HUHG

USER >dZKE/WZ

KDWEz VEHICLE ^DZdDdZ^ >Khͳ^ ADVANCED DK/> Z>ͳd/D DETECTION OR HARDWARE SERVICES TECHNOLOGY PARKING s/>/>/dz͕ SENSORS DEh&dhZZ AND DATA SUCH AS WzDEd Es/'d/KE͕ DE'DEd DEͳ RESERVATIONS SENSITIVE PRICING

&Ǉďƌ IPS Group Inc. CivicSmart Oracle Xerox

WĂƌŬDŽďŝůĞ Pay-by-phone Parker

WĂƌŬDĞ WĂǇDŽďŝůĞ WĂƌŬZŝŐŚƚŝƚǇ ŽĨtĞƐƚŵŝŶƐƚĞƌ

Information retrieved from companies’ websites, July 2016

ΖQDGGLWLRQWRWKHȴUPVLQ7DEOH;HUR[SURYLGHVDOORIWKHVHUYLFHVOLVWHG;HUR[GHYHORSVPRELOLW\ services and is a key player in the development of connected and automated vehicles. The company SDUWLFLSDWHGLQ7HFKODEDW0FLW\WKHȴUVWFRQWUROOHGHQYLURQPHQWVSHFLȴFDOO\GHYHORSHGWRWHVWWKH potential of connected and automated vehicle technologies, managed by the Mobility Transformation &HQWHUDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0LFKLJDQ>@

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 21 Table 1-3. ([DPSOH6PDUW3DUNLQJ3URMHFWV

D:KZ PARTICIPANT ^/K& &Z/',d^Wd^ TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS TECHNOLOGY /E^DZdhZ PROJECT KDWE/^ Έ^W^Ή /DW>DEd DE'DEd

LA Express- Xerox* 6,000 on-street Demand-responsive pricing The smart parking system does Park [40]. not address freight issues. ParkMe (an ϳ͕ϱϬϬŽīͲƐƚƌĞĞƚ Electronic parking pay- Inrix company) ment, including sen- However, City of LA recommends ĨƵƚƵƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƐƚƌĞĞƚƐ Parker sor-based P&E and Mobile Parking payment through with greatest number of IPS Group ParkMobile ĐŝƚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƐŵĞƚĞƌŝŶŐ instead of permit. [41] PURCS through Open data for app such as ParkMe and Parker

Washington ParkMobile 17,000 on- Electronic parking pay- Kd͛ƐƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĂĐƟŽŶƐ D.C. Mobile LCC** street ment, including P&E and include: metered loading zones Payment Mobile Parking payment ĂŶĚŵƵůƟƐƉĂĐĞŵĞƚĞƌƐ͘΀ϰϯ΁ [42] through ParkMobile Commercial vehicle zones can pay by phone or permit As part ŽĨƚŚĞ͞ĞǇŽŶĚdƌĂĸĐ͗^ŵĂƌƚ City Challenge” they consider sensor-based commercial vehicle parking. [44]

SFPark [45] Oracle 7,000 on-street Demand-responsive pricing Sensors at commercial vehicle Fybr including com- and special event pricing spaces can be used for parking mercial vehicle enforcement IPS Group Electronic parking pay- zones ment, including sen- CivicSmart ϭϮ͕ϮϱϬŽīͲ sor-based P&E and Mobile ĸůŝĂƚĞĚ street in 15 Parking. PARCS at garages Computer parking garages PURCS through Open data ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ for app developers (Xerox) Pay-By-Phone

City of IPS Group 1,100 on-street Electronic parking pay- Orlando [46] ParkMe smart parking ment, including sen- meters sor-based P&E and Mobile PayMobile (562 of them Parking through ParkMo- have sensors) bile

PURCS through Open data for app such as ParkMe

City of ParkRight 41,000 on and Electronic parking pay- dŚĞŵŽďŝůĞĂƉƉĚŝƐƟŶŐƵŝƐŚĞƐ Westminster ŽīƐƚƌĞĞƚ ment, including sen- loading parking zones from [47, 48] (3,000 of them sor-based P&E and Mobile other types of spaces. There is have sensors) Parking through ParkRight ĂŶŝŶŝƟĂƟǀĞƚŽƵƐĞĞͲƉĞƌŵŝƚƐ with RFID synchronized with the ParkRight app

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 22 CHAPTER 2 URBAN GOODS DELIVERY PROFILES FOR PROTOTYPE BUILDINGS

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 23 INTRODUCTION

In the goods delivery process, the time spent outside of the vehicle can be much longer than the GULYLQJWLPHWDNLQJXSDVPXFKDVRIWKHWLPH>@+RZHYHUDQDO\VLVDQGGRFXPHQWDWLRQ of the delivery activities after the driver leaves the truck are limited, with little published research or publicly-available data on this topic. An in-depth analysis of the driver's delivery procedure and SHUIRUPDQFHGXULQJWKHȴQDOOHJRIWKHGHOLYHU\SURFHVVSOD\VDYLWDOUROHLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQG improving urban freight delivery.

Understanding how goods move vertically within a building is important, because this activity can GLUHFWO\LQȵXHQFHURDGZD\FDSDFLW\DQGSHUIRUPDQFH7KHODFNRIFXUEVLGHVSDFHGXHWRH[FHVVLYHO\ long stays by delivery workers, can increase urban congestion as other delivery vehicles circle city EORFNVZKLOHORRNLQJIRUSDUNLQJVSDFHV>@9HUWLFDOPRYHPHQWVFDQDOVRHQFRPSDVVQRQYDOXHDGGHG WLPHRUWLPHWKDWXQQHFHVVDULO\LQFUHDVHVWKHRYHUDOOGHOLYHU\WLPHZLWKQRFRUUHVSRQGLQJEHQHȴWWR the customers [4]. These factors can cause negative cascading impacts on road congestion, adding FRVWVDQGSUHVVXUHVWRWKHWUXFNLQJLQGXVWU\EXLOGLQJPDQDJHPHQWDQGFLW\RɝFLDOV

This chapter introduces the Lean philosophy and Value Stream Mapping (VSM) approaches to the GHOLYHU\SURFHVVȵRZVLQDQRɝFHEXLOGLQJLQGRZQWRZQ6HDWWOH/HDQSURGXFWLRQPDQDJHPHQWDQG its applications are used to identify areas of improvement, which can enhance the overall quality of service and work performance [4]. Applying this new approach to the multi-step delivery process can help accurately measure the time needed for each step This is valuable given the number of factors involved in the delivery process, including the number of carriers, volume of goods, types of goods, and types of delivery vehicles. Further, breaking down the delivery process to a micro level with VSM can result in a better understanding of dwell times and failed deliveries.

7KHUHVHDUFKWHDPEHJDQE\FUHDWLQJDSURFHVVȵRZPDSRIWKHRɝFHEXLOGLQJDVDZD\WRYLVXDOL]H the components of the delivery process, as well as the gaps and non-value-added time. Identifying the processes that consume the most non-value-added time and the greatest variability helped identify strategies to improve the overall urban freight system and increase accountability for extended truck dwell times and failed deliveries.

$WWKHȴUVWPHHWLQJLQ'HFHPEHUWKH8)/PHPEHUVDQG6'27GLVFXVVHGDQGDUWLFXODWHGWZR SULRULW\JRDOVIRUWKH)LQDO)HHW5HVHDUFK3URMHFW 1. Reduce truck dwell time at delivery stops.

5HGXFHWKHQXPEHURIIDLOHGȴUVWGHOLYHULHV

To better understand factors contributing to these challenges, the SCTL research team approached WKHSUREOHPE\REVHUYLQJDQGFROOHFWLQJGDWDRQWKHGHOLYHU\SURFHVVHVDWȴYHGL΍HUHQWW\SHVRI EXLOGLQJVLQGRZQWRZQ6HDWWOHDKRWHODQRɝFHEXLOGLQJDKLVWRULFDOEXLOGLQJDUHWDLOFHQWHUDQGD residential building. The team developed an iPhone application to record data and used the results WRFUHDWHVHTXHQWLDOSURFHVVȵRZPDSVRIJRRGVGHOLYHU\IRUHDFKEXLOGLQJ7KHSURFHVVȵRZPDSV summarize individual delivery tasks and the sequence and duration of each task. They also provided

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 24 insights into the operation sequences of key events and actions during deliveries to help pinpoint where delays may occur.

GOALS

7KHJRDORIWKLVDSSURDFKZDVWRLGHQWLI\VSHFLȴFLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDFWLRQVRUFLUFXPVWDQFHVWKDW FRQWULEXWHWRLQFUHDVHGGZHOOWLPHDQGIDLOHGȴUVWGHOLYHULHV:LWKDEHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFXUUHQW practices in urban delivery systems, problem areas can be pinpointed and will later inform the development of pilot tests of possible solutions in real time in downtown Seattle

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes Urban Freight Lab methodologies in:

ȏ 6HOHFWLQJȴYHSURWRW\SHEXLOGLQJVIRUGDWDFROOHFWLRQ • Creating data collection plans • Performing data collection

ȏ *HQHUDWLQJSURFHVVȵRZPDSV

SELECTION OF FIVE PROTOTYPE BUILDINGS

Building Options in Downtown Seattle

One building in each of the following categories was selected for goods delivery observation: 1. Hotel (without a conference center); 2. Historic commercial and/or retail building with restaurants and/or bars in Pioneer Square;

Residential tower; 4. 2ɝFHEXLOGLQJZLWKJURXQGȵRRUUHWDLODQGRUUHVWDXUDQWDQG Retail building.

6&7/VWD΍ORRNHGDWDQXPEHURIIDFWRUVLQGHWHUPLQLQJSRWHQWLDOREVHUYDWLRQVLWHVEXLOGLQJVL]H IUHLJKWGHOLYHU\FKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGDYDLODEOHSDUNLQJORFDWLRQV6&7/VWD΍FRQGXFWHGVLWHYLVLWVDWHDFK building, thoroughly inspecting the conditions and freight activities. Figure 2-1 shows the distribution of visited sites and Table 2-1 summarizes the names of the corresponding buildings.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 25 Figure 2-1. Building Locations for Site Visit

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 26 Table 2-1. Table of Building Locations for Site Visit

h/>/E'dzW EhDZ h/>/E'ED

1 &ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů^ĞĂƩůĞ

2 &ĂŝƌŵŽŶƚKůǇŵƉŝĐ,ŽƚĞů͕^ĞĂƩůĞ

1. Hotel 3 dŚĞtĞƐƟŶ^ĞĂƩůĞ 4 Hotel 1000

5 /ŶŶĂƚƚŚĞDĂƌŬĞƚ^ĞĂƩůĞ 1 Cafe Bengodi

Ϯ͘,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐ 2 Cafe Paloma 3 Interurban Building

1 Insignia By Bosa ϯ͘ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐ 2 Aspira Apartments

1 Columbia Center ϰ͘KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ 2 ^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ 1 Rainier Square

ϱ͘ZĞƚĂŝůƵŝůĚŝŶŐ 2 Westlake Center

3 WĂĐŝĮĐWůĂĐĞ

The site visits provided useful insights on the goods delivery and pick-up activities at each building. Information gathered included short building descriptions, the street address, map location, building size, freight delivery characteristics, and the number of street parking spaces near the buildings. The research team pared down the options to 12 buildings as possible sites for this project. Detailed information of the 12 buildings is included in Appendix A.

Table 2-2. Top Choices of the Proposed Buildings

h/>/E'dzW h/>/E'ED

1. Hotel &ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ;ƟĞͿŽƌtĞƐƟŶ;ƟĞͿ 2. Historical Building Interurban Building

ϯ͘ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůdŽǁĞƌ Aspira Apartment

ϰ͘KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ 520 Pike St.

5. Retail Building WĂĐŝĮĐWůĂĐĞ

Table 2-2 summarizes the top choices of the proposed buildings from the voting results. Although the UHVXOWVLQGLFDWHWKHSUHIHUHQFHVRIWKHPHPEHUVȴQDOGHFLVLRQVRQWKHȴYHSURWRW\SHEXLOGLQJVZHUH highly dependent on whether the permissions from the building managers could be obtained or not.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 27 OBTAINING PERMISSION FROM BUILDING MANAGERS

After narrowing down building options, SCTL pursued obtaining permission from the building managers to participate in the project. This process highlighted the importance of positive connections with the building managers, who often referred information on our project to other building managers. These references expedited obtaining permission at other buildings of interest.

The team also learned that the Seattle Police Department issues Shield Blast Letters to communicate with downtown property managers on issues of safety for the community. To avoid any misunderstanding of the intent of the UFL, the Seattle Police Department released a letter informing WKHSURSHUW\PDQDJHUVDERXWWKH)LQDOUHVHDUFKSURMHFW$IWHUWKHEODVWOHWWHURQHSURSHUW\ manager contacted the SCTL Center to express interest in improving delivery systems in downtown Seattle by participating in the project.

After conducting individual meetings with the property managers, the team was granted access to REVHUYHDWWKHIROORZLQJȴYHEXLOGLQJVDVVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH.

Table 2-3. Final Five Prototype Buildings

CATEGORIES h/>/E'dzW^ h/>/E'ED^

1 Hotel Four Seasons Hotel

2 Historical Building Dexter Horton Building

3 ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůdŽǁĞƌ Insignia Tower

4 KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ

5 Retail Building Westlake Mall/Tower

Prior to beginning data collection, the research team obtained permission letters (on letterhead) from the property management companies to inform carriers entering the building of the project and the research team’s presence. Appendix B is a sample permission letter.

DATA COLLECTION PLANNING

To prepare for data collection, the research team conducted a thorough planning process that included: • Applying for and receiving exemption status from the UW Institutional Review Board (IRB) for conducting interviews with the carriers, • Developing an application in the iPhone Operating System (iOS) to record data, • Scheduling data collection shifts.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 28 Institutional Review Boards (IRB) Exemption

In the United States, universities are required to receive approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) when a research project includes human subjects. This process is to ensure the ethical conduct of research and protection of human participants. Since this phase of data collection involved observing the delivery activities of individual carriers by following them from the beginning to the end of their delivery processes, the research team submitted an IRB application and was approved for exempt status before data collection began. The IRB application forms and the letter received from IRB are included in Appendix C.

DATA COLLECTION APPLICATION IN iOS

7KH)LQDOUHVHDUFKWHDPGHVLJQHGDGDWDFROOHFWLRQDSSOLFDWLRQVSHFLȴFDOO\WRFDSWXUHWLPHVWDPSV for each individual tasks that drivers perform during a delivery. Task buttons are named and color coded by category in the application, as shown in Table 2-4.

The data collector taps a task button to initiate the start of the task, which prompts the ending task button to pop up. To stop recording, the data collector can tap the ending task button. This records the immediate time of tapping and calculates durations of each task. Additionally, new task names can be typed in manually. The application allows very accurate collection of various process tasks and durations. Whether or not the package is successfully delivered can also be recorded.

The user interface of the data collection application is shown in Figure 2-2. The user can input information such as the name of the building, location, and companies within the building. The DSSOLFDWLRQIRUHDFKEXLOGLQJW\SHKDVXQLTXHWDVNEXWWRQVWRUHȵHFWWKHGL΍HUHQWGHOLYHU\SURFHVVHV for each building.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 29 Figure 2-2. User Interface of the Data Collection Application

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 30 Table 2-4. Color Coded Task Buttons on iOS Application

COLOR CODE TASK CATEGORY d^<hddKE^

Parking And Red Open/Close Cargo Compartment

ŽŵŵŽŶĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ Gray Throughout The Deliv- ery Process

Green Loading / Unloading and Check in and out

Yellow Travel Mode

Blue Receiving Goods

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 31 As shown in )LJXUH, inputs from the data collectors and time-stamps of each task are saved in the ZHEEDVHGGDWDEDVHLQUHDOWLPH5HDOWLPHGDWDDOORZVVXSSRUWVWD΍WRPRQLWRUGHOLYHU\DFWLYLWLHV and utilize delivery information without having to visit the site.

Figure 2-3. Web-based Database

DATA COLLECTION SCHEDULE

7KHUHVHDUFKWHDPFUHDWHGDGDWDFROOHFWLRQVFKHGXOHIRU)HEUXDU\DQG0DUFKEDVHGRQEXLOGLQJ availability. Data collection lasted one to two weeks at each building. Prior to starting data collection, the team visited each building to identify typical delivery activities at the building. 7DEOH shows the schedules for the one-day pilot test and a week-long data collection.

Table 2-5. Data Collection Schedule

DATA COLLECTION PILOT TEST SCHEDULE h/>/E'dzW^ h/>/E'ED^ PERIOD

KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ Friday, January 13, 2017 Jan 30 - Feb 3

Historical Building Dexter Horton Building Wednesday, January 25, 2017 Feb 6 - Feb 10

Hotel Four Seasons Hotel Tuesday, January 10, 2017 Feb 13 - Feb 17

Retail Building Westlake Mall/Tower Monday, February 13, 2017 Feb 27 - Mar 10

ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůdŽǁĞƌ Insignia Tower Monday, February 20, 2017 Mar 6 - Mar 17

The detailed data collection schedule can be viewed in Appendix D.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 32 DATA COLLECTION PROCESS

One-day pilot tests for data collection were performed at each building to identify the unique delivery operations and characteristics of each building, such as parking facilities and freight elevators, before EHJLQQLQJWKHZHHNORQJGDWDFROOHFWLRQSURMHFW7KLVVHFWLRQVXPPDUL]HVȴQGLQJVRIWKHIUHLJKW GHOLYHULHVDWWKHȴYHGDWDFROOHFWLRQVLWHV

OFFICE BUILDING: SEATTLE MUNICIPAL TOWER

7KH6HDWWOH0XQLFLSDO7RZHULVORFDWHGDWWK$YH6HDWWOH:$&RQVWUXFWHGLQLWKDV ȵRRUVZLWKDWRWDOȵRRUDUHDRIVTXDUHIHHW$SSUR[LPDWHO\WHQDQWVRFFXS\WKHWRZHU LQRɝFHVJLIWVKRSVUHVWDXUDQWVDQGFR΍HHVKRSV7KHHQWUDQFHRIWKHORDGLQJED\LVORFDWHGRQWK Avenue which is indicated by the blue rectangle in Figure 2-4. The building is surrounded by one-way VWUHHWVWK$YHQXHWK$YHQXH&KHUU\6WDQG&ROXPELD6WDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH

Figure 2-4. Road Network around the Seattle Municipal Tower

As shown in )LJXUH, data collectors were positioned at the points shown on the map until a truck was parked either in the loading bay or on a street curb outside of the building. Data collection RFFXUUHGEHWZHHQDPSPRQZHHNGD\VGXULQJWKHZHHNRI-DQXDU\2QFHWKHWUXFNZDV parked, a data collector approached to the driver and started following to observe his or her delivery SURFHVVIURPEHJLQQLQJWRHQG7KHUHVHDUFKWHDPGHȴQHGWKHEHJLQQLQJPRPHQWDVZKHQWKHWUXFN started parking and concluded data collection the moment the driver pulled away from the building in his/her truck.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 33 Figure 2-5. Street Layout around Seattle Municipal Tower

At this location, the loading bay has a capacity of seven parking spaces with the limited duration of up WRPLQXWHV7KHUHLVDVHFXULW\ERRWKIRUDIXOOWLPHVHFXULW\JXDUGDWWKHHQWUDQFHRIWKHORDGLQJ ED\7KHORDGLQJED\LVRSHQIURPDPWRSPZLWKSHDNGHOLYHU\WLPHEHWZHHQDPDQGSP

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 34 Figure 2-6. Loading Bay at Seattle Municipal Tower

Figure 2-7.(QWUDQFHRIWKH)UHLJKW(OHYDWRUVDW6HDWWOH0XQLFLSDO7RZHU

7KHUHDUHWZRIUHLJKWHOHYDWRUVLQWKHORDGLQJGRFNZKLFKUHTXLUHDVHFXULW\IREWRDFFHVVHDFKȵRRU 7KHUHDUHWZRW\SHVRIVHFXULW\DFFHVVFDUGVWKHNH\WKDWJUDQWVDFFHVVWRDOOȵRRUVRUDNH\WKDWJLYHV DFFHVVWRDOLPLWHGQXPEHURIȵRRUVQHHGHGIRUGHOLYHU\'ULYHUVPXVWREWDLQWKHIUHLJKWHOHYDWRUIRE IURPWKHVHFXULW\JXDUGE\H[FKDQJLQJWKHLUJRYHUQPHQWLVVXHGLGHQWLȴFDWLRQFDUGV

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 35 Figure 2-8. +ROGLQJD)UHLJKW(OHYDWRU

$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUHGULYHUVRFFDVLRQDOO\KROGWKHIUHLJKWHOHYDWRUZKLOHPDNLQJGHOLYHULHV7KLVVWUDWHJ\ PD\GHOD\RWKHUGHOLYHULHVLIRWKHUGULYHUVDUHZDLWLQJIRUIUHLJKWHOHYDWRUDFFHVVRQDQRWKHUȵRRU

6RPHȵRRUVKDYHLQWHUFRPV\VWHPVWRUHTXHVWDFFHVVWRWKHRɝFHDUHDV:KHQWKHLQWHUFRPV\VWHP is not answered, the delivery person has to wait to call again or leave if there are no other options. This can delay the overall delivery process and increase the chance of failed deliveries.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 36 Figure 2-9. ΖQWHUFRP6\VWHPWR$FFHVVDQ2ɝFH Figure 2-10. Seattle Municipal Tower Mailroom

ΖQDGGLWLRQWRWKH)LQDO)HHWSURMHFWWKHPDLOURRPDW6HDWWOH0XQLFLSDO7RZHULVFRQGXFWLQJD pilot test with UPS to consolidate mail and parcels in the mailroom for delivery. Once the deliveries DUHUHFHLYHGLQWKHPDLOURRPVWD΍ORJLQIRUPDWLRQRQWKHUHFHLYHGJRRGVLQWRWKHFRPSXWHUV\VWHP and deliver them to the appropriate place in the building. The goal of this process is to increase VHFXULW\E\ORJJLQJWKHVRXUFHVRIWKHSDUFHOVWKDWHQWHUWKHEXLOGLQJ(ɝFLHQF\LQWKHGHOLYHU\SURFHVV LQFUHDVHVEHFDXVHWKHPDLOURRPVWD΍KDYHDFFHVVNH\VWRLQGLYLGXDORɝFHVWKDWGHOLYHU\SHRSOH do not. As can be seen in Figure 2-10, the mailroom has its own freight elevator that is manually operated. This is because the mailroom is on a lower level than the loading bay freight elevator. Goods or carts from the building freight elevator need to be transferred to the mailroom freight elevator in order to be delivered to the mailroom. Due to safety concerns, people are not allowed on the mailroom freight elevator. Therefore, a delivery person has to take the stairs to enter (or exit) the mailroom.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 37 HISTORICAL BUILDING: DEXTER HORTON BUILDING

7KH'H[WHU+RUWRQEXLOGLQJLVORFDWHGDWQG$YHQXH6HDWWOH:$&RQVWUXFWHGLQ WKHEXLOGLQJZDVRQHRIWKHODUJHVWLQWKHFRXQWU\ZKHQLWRSHQHGZLWKȵRRUVDQGWRWDOȵRRUDUHD RIVTXDUHIHHW

Figure 2-11. Dexter Horton Building

7KHEXLOGLQJLVEHWZHHQQG$YHQXHZLWKSURWHFWHGELNHODQHVDQGUG$YHQXHDPDLQEXVWUDQVLW corridor. Columbia Street and Cherry Street are one-way streets. The building has six passenger elevators and 2 freight elevators. Passenger and freight elevators are open to the public although WKHUHLVDVHFXULW\JXDUGDWWKHHQWUDQFHRQUG$YHQXH'XHWRWKHVWHHSVORSHVRQ&ROXPELD6WDQG Cherry St, it was interesting to note that some people enter the building through the 2nd Avenue HQWUDQFHWRWDNHWKHHOHYDWRUDQGH[LWWKHEXLOGLQJRQWRUG$YHQXH

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 38 7KHFRPPHUFLDOORDGLQJDQGXQORDGLQJ]RQHVDQGWKHPLQXWHSDVVHQJHUGURSR΍]RQHVRQ 2nd Avenue seem to be used interchangeably. )LJXUH shows the mixture of vehicle types on 2nd Avenue regardless of the type of the curb zone. As shown in Figure 2-14, the delivery person performed unloading and loading activities in the middle of the road in a passenger loading zone.

Figure 2-12. Street Layout around Dexter Horton Building

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 39 Figure 2-13. Parking Spaces on 2nd Avenue

Figure 2-14. 8QORDGLQJ$FWLYLWLHVDWPLQ3DVVHQJHU'URS2΍=RQH

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 40 Figure 2-15.3RWHQWLDO&RQȵLFWEHWZHHQD'HOLYHU\3HUVRQDQGD&\FOLVW

)LJXUH shows a delivery person waiting for a cyclist to pass so he can move the carts across the bike lanes. This may lead to safety concerns and LQFUHDVHWKHSUREDELOLW\RIFRQȵLFWVEHWZHHQGHOLYHU\SHRSOHDQGF\FOLVWV

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 41 HOTEL: FOUR SEASONS HOTEL

7KH)RXU6HDVRQV+RWHOLVORFDWHGDW8QLRQ6W6HDWWOH:$&RQVWUXFWHGLQWKH EXLOGLQJKDVȵRRUV)ORRUVRSHUDWHDVDKRWHOZKLOHȵRRUVVHUYHDVUHVLGHQWLDOFRQGRV 7KHEXLOGLQJKDVKRWHOURRPVDQGFRQGRXQLWV

Figure 2-16. Four Seasons Hotel (Google)

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 42 $OOGHOLYHULHVPDGHWRWKHEXLOGLQJDUHUHFHLYHGWKURXJKWKHORDGLQJED\ORFDWHGRQWKHERWWRPȵRRU RIWKHZHVWVLGH7KHORDGLQJED\LVRSHQIURPDPWRSP7KHUHDUHWKUHHIXOOWLPHKRWHOVWD΍ who take receipt of all deliveries. After logging the received packages into the computer system, they email or leave a voicemail for residents or guests to let them know they have a package. There is RQHFRQFLHUJHIRUUHVLGHQWVDQGDQRWKHURQHIRUJXHVWV7KH\DUHRQGXW\WKURXJKRXWWKH\HDU delivering packages to the guests and residents directly.

Figure 2-17. Street Layout around Four Seasons Hotel

As shown in )LJXUH, there are three freight elevators at the building, which are mainly used by WKHKRWHOVWD΍PHPEHUVZKHQWKH\GLVWULEXWHJRRGVWKURXJKRXWWKHEXLOGLQJ+RWHOVWD΍KDYHDOLVW of orders that the hotel restaurants and bars are expecting, and upon receipt of the deliveries the VWD΍VLJQVIRUHDFKRQH7KH\DOVRWDJDOOIRRGLWHPVZLWKVWLFNHUVWKDWKDYHWKHUHFHLYHGGDWHRQ WKHPDQGVWRUHWKHLWHPVLQRQHRIPDQ\UHIULJHUDWHGURRPVRQVLWHZKHUHUHVWDXUDQWVWD΍ZLOOSLFN WKHPXS+RWHOVWD΍GHOLYHUUHFHLYHGJRRGVWRWKHFRQFLHUJHIRUUHVLGHQWVDQGJXHVWV

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 43 Figure 2-18.)RXU6HDVRQV+RWHO6WD΍+DQGOLQJ'HOLYHULHV

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 44 Figure 2-19. 6KDUS7XUQDWWKH(QWUDQFHRI)RXU6HDVRQV+RWHO/RDGLQJ%D\

As can be seen in )LJXUH, the trucks are required to manage very sharp turns to get in and out of WKHORDGLQJED\%HIRUHWKHORDGLQJED\RSHQVDWDPVRPHRIWKHGHOLYHU\WUXFNVOLQHXSWRZDLWIRU the loading bay gates to open, idling in a queue on Union St.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 45 SHOPPING MALL: WESTLAKE MALL/TOWER

:HVWODNH0DOOLVORFDWHGDWQG$YHQXH6HDWWOH:$&RQVWUXFWHGLQLWFRQVLVWVRID VWRU\VKRSSLQJFHQWHUDQGDVWRU\RɝFHWRZHUZLWKDWRWDOȵRRUDUHDRIVTXDUHIHHW 7KHVKRSSLQJFHQWHUKDVEXVLQHVVHVLQFOXGLQJFDIHVDQGUHVWDXUDQWV

Figure 2-20. Westlake Center/Tower (Google)

Delivery trucks can be parked at either the loading bay or street curbs, as shown in Figure 2-21, the EXLOGLQJLVVXUURXQGHGE\RQHZD\VWUHHWVEHWZHHQWKDQGWK$YHQXH7KHHQWUDQFHWRWKHORDGLQJ bay is located on Olive Way. There is only one commercial loading zone on Olive Way with a ‘no stops’ UHVWULFWLRQEHWZHHQȂDPDQGȂSPGXULQJUXVKKRXU$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUHWKHWRZHU has two elevators that connect to the parking garage where the loading dock is located, one freight elevator that requires a special access key from the building manager, and 6 passenger elevators that are guarded by security guards from 6 am to 10 pm. On the map in Figure 2-21, the tower location is indicated as a purple rectangle box.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 46 Figure 2-21. Street Layout around Westlake Shopping Center/Tower

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 47 Figure 2-22. 'HOLYHU\7UXFNDWPLQ3DVVHQJHU'URSR΍=RQHRQWK$YHQXH

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THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 48 Figure 2-23. Westlake Garage on Olive Way

7KHHQWUDQFHRIWKHORDGLQJED\LVORFDWHGRQ2OLYH:D\DVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHFOHDUDQFHOLPLW RIWKHJDUDJHLVȇȋIHHW

At the entrance of the garage, there is an information board that that indicates when the parking garage or loading dock is full. This information can be seen by the delivery truck drivers before they enter the loading bay, which helps the drivers avoid the undesirable situation of lining up at the loading dock when they could instead be searching for parking elsewhere.

Figure 2-24. Parking Information Board at Westlake Mall Garage

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 49 Figure 2-25. Steep Slope at Westlake Garage Figure 2-26. Truck Maneuvering Obstructions at Westlake

The entrance of the loading bay at Westlake is especially challenging because of the very steep VORSH7KLVPDNHVLWYHU\GLɝFXOWIRUELJWUXFNVWRHQWHUDQGH[LW )LJXUH). Recycling and garbage containers positioned across the loading dock also obstruct the turning range of large trucks.

The loading bay is shared by both the shopping center and tower, and is open from 6 am to 10 pm. Delivery drivers are required to contact the tower security guard to open the garage door for after hours.

Figure 2-27. Loading Dock at Westlake

$WWKHORDGLQJED\WKHUHLVDVHFXULW\JXDUGZRUNLQJIURPDPWRSP$IWHUSPWKHWRZHU security guard shares the duty of overseeing the garage. The peak delivery hours are from 10 am to 2 pm. Some of the retail stores have goods delivered during the night, so the property management company handles the schedule for night time deliveries.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 50 Figure 2-28. 7LJKW+DOOZD\EHWZHHQ/RDGLQJ'RFNDQG)UHLJKW(OHYDWRUDW:HVWODNH

There is a hallway that connects the loading dock to the secure freight elevator in the tower. In order to use the freight elevator, the delivery person must obtain the key card from the building PDQDJHPHQWFRPSDQ\ORFDWHGRQWKHWKȵRRU7KHKDOOZD\WRWKHWRZHUIUHLJKWHOHYDWRUDSSHDUHG very tight for large deliveries, as shown in )LJXUH.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 51 RESIDENTIAL TOWER: INSIGNIA TOWER

ΖQVLJQLD7RZHULVORFDWHGDW%HOO6W6HDWWOH:$7KH1RUWKDQG6RXWK7RZHUZHUH FRQVWUXFWHGLQDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\(DFKWRZHUKDVȵRRUVDQGDSSUR[LPDWHO\XQLWV UHVXOWLQJLQXQLWVWRWDO

Figure 2-29. Insignia Tower

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 52 The North and South Towers have two separate loading docks in each parking garage. As shown in )LJXUHWKHUHLVRQO\RQHPLQXWHFRPPHUFLDOORDGLQJ]RQHRQWK$YHQXH

Figure 2-30. Street Layout around Insignia Tower

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 53 Figure 2-31. Loading Dock at Insignia Tower

Loading bays are located near the entrance of both parking garages. Both towers have special software for booking loading bays for freight deliveries. A reservation is required to use the loading ED\VEHFDXVHEXLOGLQJVWD΍QHHGWRRSHQWKHJDUDJHGRRUIRUWKHGHOLYHU\WUXFNVWRDFFHVVFigure shows a loading dock at Insignia Tower.

Garbage trucks pick up recycling and garbage containers from the loading dock. As shown in Figure WKHKHLJKWRIWKHJDUDJHHQWUDQFHLVWRRVKRUWIRUWKHJDUEDJHWUXFNWRRSHUDWHLQVLGH7KHUHIRUH the garbage truck had to grab the container and back up on to 6th Avenue to lift up the container to complete its operation. Once the garbage container is emptied, the truck returns the container to the EXLOGLQJDQGEXLOGLQJVWD΍PRYHLWEDFNWRWKHORDGLQJGRFN&DUVVWXFNEHKLQGWKHJDUEDJHWUXFNKDG WRZDLWXQWLOWKHWUXFNȴQLVKHGLWVRSHUDWLRQ

Figure 2-32. Garbage Truck Operation at Insignia Tower

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 54 The Insignia concierge scans all of the received deliveries and uses special software to register parcels. The system sends an email to the residents, notifying them for pick up. When perishable items are delivered (e.g. online grocery orders), the carrier has to deliver goods to the residents directly or leave them in a small fridge in the lobby for a short period of time. In order to use the SDVVHQJHUHOHYDWRUVWKHFRQFLHUJHKDVWRJUDQWWKHGHOLYHU\SHUVRQDFFHVVWRWKHXSSHUȵRRUVE\ using a fob for the elevator. In the case of food deliveries, or other deliveries that require access to WKHXSSHUȵRRUVWKHFRQFLHUJHFDOOVWKHUHVLGHQWWRFRQȴUPKLVKHUGHOLYHULHVEHIRUHJUDQWLQJDFFHVV to elevators. Residents sometimes pick up food from the drivers directly, outside of the building. According to the concierges, approximately 200 parcels/ day are delivered to the building in total.

During data collection, the research team observed that the ‘No Parking’ zone on Battery St, right in front of the North Tower entrance, was often occupied by delivery trucks ()LJXUH).

Figure 2-33. Packages at the Insignia Concierge Desk

Figure 2-34. Delivery Truck parked at ‘No Parking’ Zone on Battery St

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 55 PROCESS FLOW MAP

%DVHGRQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQJDWKHUHGWKHUHVHDUFKWHDPFUHDWHGȴYHKLJKOHYHOSURFHVVȵRZPDSV DQGRQHGHWDLOHGSURFHVVȵRZPDS7KHSURFHVVȵRZPDSVSURYLGHLQVLJKWVDVWRZKDWHOHPHQWV of the delivery process consume the most time and are the most variable, and how each building’s infrastructure is used during goods delivery. Not only does this include maneuvering in small spaces, EXWDOVRGHOD\VLQZD\ȴQGLQJDPRQJRWKHUWKLQJV

First, activities were divided into the following four sections as shown in Table 2-6.

Table 2-6. Sections of High-Level Process Flow

SECTION DESCRIPTION yDW>

1. Entry ĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂƚůŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇŽƌƐƚƌĞĞƚ Unloading/loading, obtaining security access etc. before deliveries are complete

2. Elevator ĐƟǀŝƟĞƐƚŽŐŽŝŶĂŶĚŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞ tĂůŬŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞĞůĞǀĂƚŽƌ͕ǁĂŝƟŶŐĨŽƌĂŶĞůĞǀĂƚŽƌĞƚĐ͘ elevator

ϯ͘ĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ ĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂƚƚŚĞĮŶĂůĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ dĂůŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƌĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŝƐƚ͕ƌĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŝƐƚƐŝŐŶƐĨŽƌŐŽŽĚƐĞƚĐ͘

4. Exit ĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂƚůŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇŽƌƐƚƌĞĞƚ Walking back to the truck, close cargo compartment etc. ĂŌĞƌĚĞůŝǀĞƌŝĞƐĂƌĞĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ

7KHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQHDFKDFWLRQLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHΖQWKHFDVHRIPXOWLSOHGHOLYHULHVWR RQHEXLOGLQJWKHGHOLYHU\SHUVRQFDQWDNHWKHHOHYDWRUVHYHUDOWLPHVWRGL΍HUHQWORFDWLRQVZKLFKLV UHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHDUURZVEHWZHHQȆ(OHYDWRUȇDQGȆ'HVWLQDWLRQȇΖIDGHOLYHU\SHUVRQQHHGVWRJR EDFNWRWKHWUXFNIRUDQRWKHUORDGDIWHUWKHȴUVWGHOLYHU\KHRUVKHZLOOUHSHDWWKHVHTXHQFHDJDLQ 7KLVUHODWLRQVKLSLVGHVFULEHGE\WKHDUURZEHWZHHQȆ([LWȇDQGȆ(QWU\ȇ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 56 Figure 2-35. Relationship of High-Level Process Flow

$VFDQEHIRXQGLQ$SSHQGL[+WR.GHWDLOHGSURFHVVȵRZPDSVLQFOXGHRSHUDWLRQDOVHTXHQFH diagrams with the average delivery time for each task. )LJXUH shows an entry section of the high- OHYHOSURFHVVȵRZPDSRI6HDWWOH0XQLFLSDO7RZHU$SDUDOOHORJUDPUHSUHVHQWVDQRGHWKDWFRQQHFWV from one section to another section. Due to the limitation on page size, some of the activities were IXUWKHUGLYLGHGLQWRVXEVHFWLRQVVXFKDVȆ(QWU\Ȃ/RDG8QORDGȇ&RORUFRGLQJIURPWKHKLJKOHYHO SURFHVVȵRZPDWFKHVZLWKWKHGHWDLOHGSURFHVVȵRZPDS

Figure 2-36.([DPSOHRI3URFHVV)ORZ0DS

Shown in )LJXUH, a diamond box represents a decision node which has ‘yes’ or ‘no’ paths. A rectangle node shows a task name, a sample size in ‘n’, an average time spent in ‘avg’, and VWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQLQȆVGȇ(DFKUHFWDQJOHER[KDVDQΖ'QXPEHURQWKHWRSULJKWFRUQHU7KLVΖ' number matches with the spreadsheet that summarizes the same information in a list format. 7KHVSUHDGVKHHWLQFOXGHVWKHFRHɝFLHQWRIYDULDQFH VWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQDYHUDJH WRFRPSDUHWKH variations in each task. )LJXUHVKRZVDSRUWLRQRIWKHVSUHDGVKHHW$SSHQGL[(LVDIXOOYHUVLRQRI WKHGHWDLOHGSURFHVVȵRZPDSDQG$SSHQGL[)LVWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJGDWDVSUHDGVKHHWIRUWKHRɝFH WRZHU$SSHQGLFHV*Ȃ-VKRZWKHSURFHVVȵRZPDSVIRUWKHKLVWRULFDOEXLOGLQJKRWHOVKRSSLQJPDOO and residential tower respectively.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 57 Figure 2-37. Spreadsheet of Process Flow (Sample)

As shown in )LJXUHWKHVSUHDGVKHHWRISURFHVVȵRZVKRZVWKHDYHUDJHGXUDWLRQVWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQVDPSOHVL]HFRHɝFLHQWRIYDULDWLRQPLQLPXPPD[LPXPDQGPRGHRIWKHGHOLYHU\WLPH 7KHFRHɝFLHQWRIYDULDWLRQUHSUHVHQWVWKHUDWLRRIWKHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQWRWKHPHDQZKLFKLVD useful statistical measurement for comparing the degree of variation from one data point to another HYHQLIWKHPHDQVDUHGL΍HUHQWIURPRQHDQRWKHU$UDWLRELJJHUWKDQPHDQVWKHYDULDWLRQLVJUHDWHU compared to the mean. This means one person can perform the same tasks shorter than others. 7KRVHWDVNVFRXOGEHPLQLPL]HGDQGIXUWKHUH[DPLQHGIRUPRUHH΍HFWLYHGHOLYHU\VWUDWHJLHV7KH SURFHVVȵRZPDSGHPRQVWUDWHVWKDWWKHUHDUHQXPHURXVVWHSVLQWKHGHOLYHU\SURFHVV6RPHVWHSV FDQEHSHUIRUPHGLQSDUDOOHOZKHUHDVRWKHUVKDYHWREHGRQHLQVHTXHQFH(DFKGHOLYHU\SHUVRQ can generate a great numbers of paths to complete tasks. Also, the tasks vary highly depending on building types and delivery operating systems. However, common time-consuming activities include using freight elevators, talking with a recipient, signing for deliveries by recipients, and waiting for access to the buildings.

:LWKWKHGDWDDQGSURFHVVȵRZPDSV6&7/UHVHDUFKHUVFDQIXUWKHUDVVHVVWKHFXUUHQWGHOLYHU\ systems in downtown Seattle. With a better understanding of the current practices in urban freight systems, dwell times and failed deliveries can be better understood, informing strategies to reduce these delivery challenges.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 58 CHAPTER 3 PRIVATE LOADING FACILITIES INVENTORY

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 59 Introduction

The lack of available data about private freight loading/unloading infrastructure is evident in the case of planning approaches that aim to improve urban freight systems. Various studies have shown that VFDUFLW\DQGXQVXLWDELOLW\RIRQVWUHHWDQGR΍VWUHHWWUXFNORDGLQJXQORDGLQJIDFLOLWLHVLQWKHXUEDQ environment leads to illegal or inadequate parking. This includes double parking, parking on the curb, and parking in the turn lane. These parking behaviors reduce the roadway capacity, inconvenience SHGHVWULDQVFUHDWHFRQȵLFWVZLWKRWKHUPRGHVRIWUDQVSRUWDWLRQDQGXOWLPDWHO\OHDGWRFRQJHVWLRQ and safety issues.

There is no published information on major U.S. cities that maintain a database with information on the location and features of private loading/unloading infrastructure (meaning, out of the public right of way). Since these facilities are often privately owned and managed, the public or other private stakeholders do not necessarily have access to information about these facilities. As a result, the ability of many cities to design and articulate their data requirements, to access and obtain the appropriate data, and use it for policy design and monitoring is often inadequate.

This chapter describes the development of a data collection method for documenting private urban freight infrastructure that does not require prior permission, is ground-truthed, and can be completed within reasonable cost and time constraints. This information will provide the City with a better understanding of the options available to delivery companies for parking and freight loading/ unloading in private parking facilities that are accessible from streets and alleys.

Goals

In response to this urban freight challenge, SDOT engaged with the Urban Freight Lab at the UW SCTL Center to collect information on the locations and capacity of freight truck loading/unloading private infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as private freight infrastructure) in the dense urban areas of Downtown Seattle, Uptown and South Lake Union.

7KLVFKDSWHURXWOLQHVWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIDQHɝFLHQWDQGV\VWHPDWLFGDWDFROOHFWLRQPHWKRGWREXLOG a database system of private freight infrastructure that can be maintained by local governments. Additionally, it presents the results of applying the method for mapping these facilities in the downtown Seattle area.

Methodology

The method includes the development of a survey form, survey collection app, data quality control process, data structure and a proposed typology for private freight infrastructure based on basic physical infrastructure characteristics.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 60 MAPPING THE CITY’S PRIVATE FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE

In order to determine whether truck load/unload spaces are well positioned to serve the community, PDQDJHFRPSHWLQJGHPDQGVDQGSURYLGHVXɝFLHQWFDSDFLW\WRPHHWFXUUHQWDQGIXWXUHQHHGVRQH must know each facility's location and features. While street parking is well documented in Seattle's geospatial databases, private freight infrastructure, such as loading docks and loading bays, is not. 7KHUHIRUHWKHUHVHDUFKWHDP VȴUVWVWHSZDVWRGRFXPHQWWKHFXUUHQWORFDWLRQVDQGIHDWXUHVRIDOO truck load/unload spaces in the study areas.

Step 1. Collect Existing Data

The research team used SDOT’s publicly-available GIS layers of designated curbside parking , as well as King County’s GIS layer of Seattle’s alleys, to begin developing a multi-layer map of the truck load/ unload locations in the city’s urban centers.

5HVHDUFKHUVLQRWKHUODUJHFLWLHVPD\ȴQGWKLVGDWDLVUHDGLO\DYDLODEOHDVZHOOPDNLQJH[LVWLQJGDWD FROOHFWLRQDORZFRVWVWHSWKDWLVHDVLO\VFDODEOHDWWKHQDWLRQDOOHYHO7KHSULPDU\FRVWLVVWD΍WLPH VSHQWFROOHFWLQJWKHGDWDOD\HUVDQGZRUNLQJZLWKDJHQF\VWD΍WRFOHDQGDWDSRLQWVLIQHFHVVDU\7KLV FRXOGEHLQWHUQDOL]HGLQDJHQFLHVZLWK*Ζ6WUDLQHGVWD΍RUSXUFKDVHGDWDORZFRVWIURPFRQWUDFWRUVLI there is not a high requirement to clean the data for this purpose.

The research team reviewed the following Seattle GIS databases, further described in an attached data dictionary (Appendix K): • Alleys • Urban villages • Arterial types • Commercial • Retail • Food permit data • Residential

ȏ 6'27WUDɝFODQHV • Curb space categories • Block faces • Year built

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 61 Step 2. Develop Survey to Collect Freight Bay and Loading Dock Data

In addition to mapping geospatial data for on-street parking, private freight infrastructure also needed to be mapped. To accomplish this, the SCTL Center developed an original data collection process to record the GIS locations and infrastructure features of all private freight infrastructure in urban centers. The intention was to create a replicable, ground-truthed method.

7KHSURSRVHGPHWKRGRORJ\LVUHSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJXUH7KLVPHWKRGRORJ\LVDUHVXOWRIWHVWLQJ and revising the initial process that provided empirical evidence of the infrastructure surveyed and SURYHGWKHYDOLGLW\RIWKHUHVHDUFKPHWKRG7KHGL΍HUHQWVWHSVRIWKHSURFHVVDUHEURDGO\FODVVLȴHG into Survey Design and Data Collection Process and will be further explained in the corresponding sections below.

Figure 3-1. 2YHUYLHZRI0HWKRGRORJ\8VHGWR&ROOHFW'DWDRQ3ULYDWH)UHLJKW%D\V /RDGLQJ'RFNV

LITERATURE REVIEW

Previous reports, papers and building codes were reviewed to identify the terminology and key SK\VLFDOIHDWXUHVRISULYDWHIUHLJKWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH>DQG@$GGLWLRQDOO\WZRVLWHYLVLWVLQ GRZQWRZQ6HDWWOHSURYLGHGWKHWHDPZLWKYDOXDEOHȴHOGREVHUYDWLRQVDQGWHVWLPRQLHVIURPGHOLYHU\ GULYHUVFRQFLHUJHVDWUHVLGHQWLDOWRZHUVDQGVHFXULW\RɝFHUV

$VDUHVXOWRIWKHOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZWKHWHDPGHȴQHGWZRPDLQFDWHJRULHVRISULYDWHIUHLJKW LQIUDVWUXFWXUHORDGLQJED\V )LJXUH DQGH[WHULRUORDGLQJGRFNV )LJXUH ΖWLVZRUWKQRWLQJWKDW WKHVHDUHQRWWKHRQO\W\SHVRILQIUDVWUXFWXUHLQYHVWLJDWHGLQWKLVGDWDFROOHFWLRQH΍RUWWKHW\SRORJ\ consists of three private freight infrastructure types that will be described further in a later section. $QRWKHUȴQGLQJLQWKHOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZZDVDQH[WHQGHGOLVWRISULYDWHIUHLJKWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHIHDWXUHV WKDWD΍HFWRSHUDWLRQVDQGFDQEHJURXSHGLQWR location, design and capacity features.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 62 One important location feature is the type of public right-of-way that provides access to the facility location. Poor layout or design of the roads or alley connecting the delivery access point to the street QHWZRUNPD\VLJQLȴFDQWO\D΍HFWKRZSULYDWHIUHLJKWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHLVXVHG$FRPPRQH[DPSOHLV inadequate alleyways, which delivery drivers tend to avoid if they have an alternative to make sure they are not blocked on their way out.

Design features include the dimensions of access points to the loading bay, such as vehicle doorway and dock doorway dimensions (width and height) and ground clearance restrictions (i.e. maximum vehicle height allowed). The access angle to the loading dock, which includes the access angle to WKHVWUXFWXUHWKHDQJOHEHWZHHQWKHYHKLFOHDFFHVVWUDMHFWRU\DQGWKHWUDɝFȵRZWKHDFFHVVJUDGH ramp, whether the vehicle needs to back-in, maximum turning radius, maximum truck size and any additional security access measures such as physical barriers, access code and personal interaction all impact the delivery’s operations.

Capacity features are the characteristics of the parking spaces and mechanical devices, such as the number of parking spaces, the apron (i.e. space for maneuvering and park), and the presence of a dock platform and dock-levelers.

Figure 3-2. Freight Loading Bay Inside a Seattle Building Figure 3-3. Closed Loading Dock

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 63 Survey Design and Pilot Survey

The SCTL data collection team designed and pilot tested a survey to document the key observable IHDWXUHVRISULYDWHIUHLJKWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHDQGJHRFRGHWKHLUORFDWLRQV$IWHUȴQDOL]LQJWKHLQVWUXPHQW and developing an application for data collection, teams of SCTL graduate students (operating in SDLUV WHVWHGLWLQGRZQWRZQ6HDWWOH7KHVL[EORFNSLORWDUHDLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHGDWDFROOHFWLRQ team used laser measurement devices bought at a local home improvement store that cost less than HDFKDQGFRPSOHWHGPHDVXUHPHQWVZKLOHVWDQGLQJRQSXEOLFVLGHZDONVDQGLQDOOH\V

Figure 3-4. Pilot Survey Study Area

The pilot survey proved that the team could quickly and easily measure the entrances to open freight bays on foot. The data collected gave the project manager a clear understanding of the average time LWWDNHVWRFRPSOHWHWKHVXUYH\SHUFLW\EORFNVRKHFRXOGFUHDWHDIXQGLQJVWDɝQJSODQDQGVFKHGXOH for full implementation.

7KHSLORWVKRZHGGLɝFXOWLHVLQFROOHFWLQJFRPSOHWHGDWDDVVRPHHQWUDQFHVZHUHFORVHGDQGWKHLU interior could not be observed from the public right of way.

Other features of interest such as turning radius, maximum truck size, and centerline distance were QRWSRVVLEOHWRPHDVXUHLQWKHȴHOGGXHWRWKHFRPSOH[LW\RIWKHJHRPHWULFDOIHDWXUHVWKHODFNRI NQRZOHGJHRUXQDYDLODELOLW\RIWKHIDFLOLW\VWD΍RUDODFNRIH[WHULRUVLJQDJH

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 64 Final Survey Form

7KHWHDPXWLOL]HGWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHSLORWWHVWWRGHYHORSWKHȴQDOGDWDFROOHFWLRQVXUYH\LQ$SSHQGL[/

7KHȴQDOVXUYH\IRUPFRQWDLQVIRXUSDUWVD JHQHUDOLQIRUPDWLRQE IDFLOLW\ORFDWLRQDQGYLVXDOV c) access design features and d) capacity.

DATA COLLECTION PROCESS

Development of a Data Collection App

The team developed an application using the online platform DeviceMagic. Along with cloud storage and visualization, it provides an interactive and easy-to-use tool to design mobile device survey forms compatible with both iOS and Android. The mobile data collection app instrument was chosen to make the process:

ȏ (ɝFLHQWDXWRPDWLRQRIGDWDGLJLWL]DWLRQDQGSKRWRFROOHFWLRQDQGVWRUDJH • Flexible: the form can be revised if surveyors encounter unforeseen infrastructure conditions that require a new data structure

ȏ 6SHHG\)DVWLQSXWRIGDWDLQWKHȴHOGZLWKDXWRPDWHGTXHVWLRQVDQGGURSOLVWDQVZHUV • Low cost • Accurate: decrease transcript errors and help reduce data lost in transit • Data quality control: nearly real-time data collection monitoring and spatial visualization of completed surveys

7KHUHVHDUFKHUVERXJKWWZRL3DGPLQLVZLWK*%IRUWKHȴHOGVXUYH\IRUHDFK:LWK 'HYLFH0DJLFORDGHGRQWKHWDEOHWVVXUYH\RUVȴOOHGRXWWKHVXUYH\IRUPWRRNDQGVWRUHGSLFWXUHV and used the devices’ GPS capability to locate facilities. The survey form supported automatic entry of *36ORFDWLRQVDQGDOORZHGPDQXDOLQSXWRIWKHVDPHFRRUGLQDWHVVXSSRUWHGE\RɞLQH*RRJOHPDSV During the development of the data collection app, researchers also tested the questionnaire in the ȴHOGWRSUHYHQWORJLFHUURUV

Recruiting and Training the Data Collection Team

The research team hired four University of Washington undergraduate students and trained them to FRQGXFWWKHVXUYH\(DFKWHDPDWWHQGHGWZRKRXUWUDLQLQJVHVVLRQVOHGE\DVXSHUYLVRU7KHȴUVW session instructed data collectors on freight infrastructure concepts and the second session focused on practical aspects of data collection. During the practical training, data collectors learned how to use the questionnaire app on the tablet and the laser device to measure physical features. As part of their training, the project manager also personally supervised the data collection teams’ work on city VWUHHWVGXULQJWKHȴUVWZHHNRIWKHIXOOVXUYH\LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 65 Conducting the Survey

SDOT contracted with the SCTL Center to map alleys and private freight loading bays in three of the city’s designated urban centers: Downtown Seattle, Uptown and South Lake Union (see Figure The combined area has a regular street grid of 523 blocks, which took approximately 210 person hours for data collection.

'XULQJGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGGDWDTXDOLW\FRQWUROSURFHVVKRXUO\VWD΍DQGVXSHUYLVRUVZHUHUHVSRQVLEOH for the following tasks:

ȏ 'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ +RXUO\6WD΍ • Commute to and from study area • Circulate blocks surveying any private freight infrastructure

ȏ :RUNLQSHUVRQWHDPVRQHPHPEHUȴOOLQJRXWWKHVXUYH\RQWKHWDEOHWDQGWKHVHFRQG member taking measurements and updating a progress sheet (i.e. hard-copy map of the study area) to keep track of every new surveyed location.

'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ 6XSHUYLVRU6WD΍ • Break down the study area into subareas • Set partial objectives of data collection on a weekly basis, depending on the number of teams working at the same time and the size of the subarea • Develop hard copies of subarea maps and distribute them to teams progressively • Coordinate work schedule of teams • Make sure data collectors are always equipped with data collection materials, safety equipment, DQGLGHQWLȴFDWLRQ

'DWD4XDOLW\&RQWURO 6XSHUYLVRU6WD΍ • Conduct data quality control checks of location and feature information (further explained below)

Multi-Layer Communication with Stakeholders

$OWKRXJKWKHWHDPGLGQRWH[SHULHQFHWHFKQLFDOGLɝFXOWLHVZKLOHH[HFXWLQJWKHIXOOVXUYH\WKH\ quickly ran into problems due to security concerns. On the third day of data collection, a team member was measuring a freight bay under a bank building from a nearby sidewalk. The building VHFXULW\JXDUGUHSRUWHGWKHPWRWKH6HDWWOH3ROLFH'HSDUWPHQW 63' $SROLFHRɝFHUDUULYHGRQWKH scene, reviewed the UW letter the data collectors carried explaining the project in partnership with WKHFLW\DQGFDOOHGYDULRXVFLW\VWD΍PHPEHUVWRYHULI\7KHSROLFHRɝFHUFRXOGQRWUHDFKWKH6'27 project manager, so the students had to stop their work for the day and regroup.

City police contacted the SDOT project manager the next day, as did a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent responsible for homeland security. They were very reasonable, and suggested several changes to the security process that were implemented by the research team, including adding the 6'27PDQDJHUȇVFRQWDFWLQIRUPDWLRQWRDOHWWHURQ6'27OHWWHUKHDG63'DOVRQRWLȴHGDOOEXLOGLQJ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 66 managers in the survey area through the Seattle Shield program, a pre- existing information exchange for building operators and the police. SDOT created a new webpage at http://www.seattle. JRYWUDQVSRUWDWLRQWKHȴQDOIHHWKWP to periodically publish information on progress made during the full survey and to inform the public of where the surveyors would be in upcoming weeks. The team quickly learned that before conducting an on-street survey of private buildings, it is essential to have a multilayer communications plan in place for all parties with an interest in the survey area.

Quality Control

The quality control process included the following tasks:

ȏ ΖQIRUPDWLRQWUDQVIHUFKHFNFRPSDUHFRPSOHWHGVXUYH\VZLWKSURJUHVVVKHHWȴOOHGRXWE\GDWD collectors to keep track of the number of surveys collected and their locations.

ȏ *36ORFDWLRQDFFXUDF\FKHFNLQȴHOGXVHRɞLQH*RRJOH0DSVRQWKHWDEOHWGXULQJGDWDFROOHFWLRQ to support the manual input of the location with a dropped pin.

ȏ *36ORFDWLRQDFFXUDF\FKHFNLQRɝFHFRPSDUHWKH*36ORFDWLRQRIWKHLQIUDVWUXFWXUHFROOHFWHGLQ ȴHOGZLWKWKHORFDWLRQDFFRUGLQJWR*RRJOH0DSV 6WUHHW9LHZIHDWXUH • Data entry accuracy check 1: compare infrastructure features entered with the pictures taken during the survey. • Data entry accuracy check 2: collaborate with experienced UPS truck drivers who serve the study area to identify survey locations that were closed during the survey. This step allowed us to rule out 110 potential locations that were not private freight infrastructure.

ȏ *36ORFDWLRQDQGGDWDHQWU\DFFXUDF\FKHFN7KHTXDOLW\FRQWUROSURFHVVDOVRUHVXOWHGLQVHFRQG- ary inspections at survey locations where the loading bay had not yet been surveyed or the survey could not be located based on the GPS location checks described above.

(DFKVXUYH\HGORDGLQJIDFLOLW\ZDVLQSXWWHGXVLQJWKH*36 ODWLWXGHDQGORQJLWXGH FDSDELOLWLHVRI the survey tablet, Google Maps, and paper maps distributed to survey teams. While applying the GDWDTXDOLW\FRQWUROSURFHVVVHYHUDOORFDWLRQLQDFFXUDFLHVZHUHLGHQWLȴHGDQGUHTXLUHGPDQXDO adjustment. GPS often has problems in alleys and urban canyons due to poor line-of-sight with satellites. Google Maps can be inaccurate, particularly in alleys, and a paper map requires user interpretation. However, when the three GPS location accuracy methods were used as a crosscheck, the team could verify the accuracy of the locations that were delivered to SDOT in a latitude and longitude format.

This chapter documents an innovative and low-cost data collection procedure to map and catalog private freight infrastructure. Built from the ground up, this procedure was constantly evaluated DQGPRGLȴHGWKURXJKRXWWKHGDWDFROOHFWLRQSURFHVV5HFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRULPSURYHPHQWVRQ geolocating private truck load/unload spaces can be found in Appendix O.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 67 DATABASE STRUCTURE

Database Structure Diagram

Appendix M shows the data structure diagram of our database. Furthermore, this diagram is supported by our data dictionary, which describes the variables associated with each of the decisions and data features in our database.

Typology of Delivery Infrastructure

2QHRIWKHHDUO\ȴQGLQJVGXULQJGDWDFROOHFWLRQZDVWKHYDULHW\RISULYDWHIUHLJKWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHW\SHV %DVHGRQWKHOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZDQGȴHOGH[SHULHQFHWKUHHW\SHVRILQIUDVWUXFWXUHFRQVLGHUHGLQWKH GDWDVWUXFWXUHZHUHGHȴQHG

Loading bay (Figure 3-5). An enclosed space inside the building with an entrance/exit point (e.g. roll up doors, garage doors) that act as a continuation of the upper parts of the building. This space is partially or completely dedicated to unloading and loading activities. It has entrances and exits JUHDWHUWKDQIHHWE\IHHWIRUFRPPHUFLDOYHKLFOHV/RDGLQJED\VFDQKDYHORDGLQJGRFNVDQGWUXFN parking spaces with or without access to a loading dock.

Figure 3-5. ([DPSOHVRI/RDGLQJ%D\VLQ'RZQWRZQ6HDWWOH $ 'HWDLORI/RDGLQJ'RFNΖQVLGH/RDGLQJ%D\ (B) Vehicle Door of Loading Bay

(A) (B)

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 68 Figure 3-6. ([DPSOHVRI([WHULRU/RDGLQJ'RFNVLQ'RZQWRZQ6HDWWOH $ /RDGLQJ'RFNZLWK3ODWIRUPΖQVLGH Building, (B) Loading Dock with Platform Outside the Building.

(A) (B)

Exterior loading dock (Figure 3-6). A loading dock that is located outside of building exterior wall. ([WHULRUORDGLQJGRFNVFDQEHFRPSOHWHO\RSHQWRWKHVN\RUSDUWLDOO\RUFRPSOHWHO\FRYHUHGE\D canopy or upper part of the building. Additionally, exterior loading docks can also include inside loading platforms, where trucks dock the cargo compartment to a dock door.

Figure 3-7. ([DPSOHVRI([WHULRU/RDGLQJ$UHDVLQ'RZQWRZQ6HDWWOH $ /RDGLQJ$UHD$FFHVVHGIURP6WUHHW (B) Loading Area in Alleyway.

(A) (B)

Exterior loading area (Figure 3-7). Space for loading and unloading located outside of the building H[WHULRUZDOOVDQGZLWKRXWDORDGLQJGRFN([WHULRUORDGLQJ]RQHVFDQEHFRPSOHWHO\RSHQWRWKHVN\ or partially or completely covered by a canopy or upper part of the building.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 69 7KHUHVHDUFKWHDP VȴQDODQDO\VLVIRU'RZQWRZQ6HDWWOH8SWRZQDQG6RXWK/DNH8QLRQIRXQG • 144 loading bays

ȏ H[WHULRUORDGLQJGRFNV ȏ H[WHULRUORDGLQJDUHDV ȏ XQGHȴQHGORFDWLRQVWKDWFRXOGEHSULYDWHIUHLJKWLQIUDVWUXFWXUHEXWQRWHQRXJKLQIRUPDWLRQLV DYDLODEOHWRFRQȴUPWKLV

There was considerable value in collaborating with private sector members of the Urban Freight Lab RQWKLVWDVN'DWDFROOHFWRUVLQWKHȴHOGLQLWLDOO\LGHQWLȴHGSRWHQWLDOIUHLJKWORDGLQJED\VDQGGRFNV LQWKHXUEDQFHQWHUV+RZHYHULQFDVHVWKHGRRUVZHUHFORVHGGXULQJWKHVXUYH\DQGWKHUHZDV no way to tell if those locations were actually used for freight deliveries. UPS had their local drivers, deeply knowledgeable about city routes, review the closed door locations as part of their work in the Urban Freight Lab. The Urban Freight Lab provided photos and other location information. 7KDWUHYLHZDOORZHGWKH/DEWRUXOHRXW RIWKHORFDWLRQVEHKLQGFORVHGGRRUVUHGXFLQJ XQFHUWDLQW\LQWKHȴQGLQJVIURPWROHVVWKDQ

7KLVLQIRUPDWLRQLVUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHPDSLQ)LJXUH

Figure 3-8. Data Collection Results in Study Area

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 70 Data Dictionary

GENERAL DEFINITIONS

Building exterior wall. Walls of a building that separate spaces partly or completely unobstructed to the sky from spaces inside the building.

Loading dock. An elevated platform that facilitates shipping and delivery operations.

Dock leveler. An adjustable mechanized platform built into the edge of a loading dock. The platform can be moved vertically or tilted to accommodate the handling of goods or material to or from trucks.

Angled. Refers to facilities on bi-directional alleyways, where the entrance angle could be contrary or WRWUDɝFȵRZ

Not a loading bay. 8QGHȴQHGORFDWLRQVWKDWZHUHLGHQWLȴHGDVQRWDORDGLQJED\EDVHGRQUHVSRQVHV of UPS truck drivers.

8QGHȴQHGA location that could potentially be a loading bay entrance/exit. No information is available because: a) a barrier impeded data collection, b) there was a lack of on-site signage identifying the facility as a private freight access point, and/or c) a lack of carrier drivers' survey responses identifying the facility as a private freight access point.

$GGLWLRQDO&RGHGHȴQLWLRQV $SSHQGL[1GHVFULEHVWKHGDWDILHOGVRIRXUGDWDEDVHDQGWKHFRGHGRPDLQIRUHDFKRIWKHVHILHOGV

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 71 FINDINGS AND FUTURE RESEARCH

Due to its unique partnership with SDOT, multiple industry sectors, and academia, the Urban Freight /DEPRYHGIURPDFRQFHSWWRDJRLQJFRQFHUQLQ7KLVUHSRUWFRYHUVWKHȴUVWRIDVXLWHRI)LQDO ȇUHVHDUFKSURMHFWV

Research Findings 1. Geocoding the location and features of all private truck load/unload bays and loading docks in three of Seattle’s urban centers: downtown, uptown, and South Lake Union, provided evidence that the vast majority of buildings in these areas depend on public truck load/unload spaces to receive goods. This information matters because, when combined with the city’s pre-existing curb data layer, it is WKHEDVLVIRUSODQQLQJDFRPSUHKHQVLYHWUXFNORDGXQORDGVSDFHQHWZRUNLQWKHFLW\ΖWLVWKHȴUVW time that a major U.S. city has had this information.

7KLVSURMHFWGRFXPHQWHGGHWDLOHGJRRGVGHOLYHU\V\VWHPSURFHVVȵRZVDQGGHOD\VIRUSURWRW\SH EXLOGLQJVLQ6HDWWOHȇV&HQWHU&LW\7KH)LQDOȇEHJLQVZKHUHWUXFNVVWRSH[WHQGVDFURVV LQWHUVHFWLRQVDQGVLGHZDONVDQGWUDFNVJRRGVGHOLYHULHVLQWREXLOGLQJVΖWLVWKHȴUVWWLPHWKDW UHVHDUFKHUVKDYHDQDO\]HGERWKWKHVWUHHWQHWZRUNDQGWKHFLW\ȇVYHUWLFDOVSDFH RɝFHKRWHO UHWDLOKLVWRULFDQGUHVLGHQWLDOWRZHUV DVRQHXQLȴHGJRRGVGHOLYHU\V\VWHP$OWKRXJKGHOLYHU\ FRPSDQLHVKDYHEHHQZHOODZDUHRIFKDOOHQJHVLQWKH)LQDOȇWKLVLVQHZLQIRUPDWLRQIRUWKH SXEOLFVHFWRUΖWLVOHDGLQJWKHPWRUHH[DPLQHEXLOGLQJFRGHVDQGUHJXODWLRQVWKDWD΍HFWRXWFRPHV in the delivery system.

Future Research

The Urban Freight Lab transmitted the private truck load/unload space data layers to SDOT as they ZHUHFRPSOHWHGLQ$IWHUYLHZLQJWKHGDWD6'27HQJDJHGWKH8UEDQ)UHLJKW/DELQDVHFRQG )LQDOȇSURMHFWWRFROOHFWVLPLODUGDWDIRUWZRDGGLWLRQDOXUEDQFHQWHUVWKH)LUVWDQG&DSLWRO+LOO DUHDV7KH/DEZLOOSXEOLVKLWVVHFRQGUHSRUWLQFOXGLQJWKHVHȴQGLQJVDORQJZLWKDQRFFXSDQF\VWXG\ of truck use in curb space, and a tool kit for cities to replicate the geocoding methodology for private WUXFNORDGLQJED\VDQGGRFNVLQ

%DVHGRQWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHSURFHVVȵRZDQDO\VLVRIWKH6HDWWOH0XQLFLSDO7RZHUGRQHIRUWKLVUHSRUW WKH/DEZLOOSLORWWHVWD&RPPRQ&DUULHU6PDUW/RFNHU6\VWHPDWWKH0XQLFLSDO7RZHULQ7KH SLORWZLOOGRFXPHQWWKHH΍HFWLYHQHVVOHVVRQVOHDUQHGDQGFRVWVRIRSHUDWLQJDVPDUWFRPPRQFDUULHU locker system (a new automated mini-distribution node) in the Tower. Common carrier lockers allow

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 72 PXOWLSOHFDUULHUV GHOLYHU\ȴUPV WRDFFHVVWKHORFNHUVZKLFKZRXOGUHGXFHWKHWRWDOIRRWSULQWQHHGHG (vs. providing room for many company-branded lockers) in the Tower.

ΖQWKHWKLUG)LQDOȇUHVHDUFKSURMHFWWKH/DELVGHYHORSLQJFULWHULDWRHYDOXDWHWUDQVLWVWDWLRQVȇ suitability for common carrier locker systems.

7KH8UEDQ)UHLJKW/DEȇVIRXUWK)LQDOȇSURMHFWZLOOPDSWKHORFDWLRQVDQGWUXFNUHODWHGIHDWXUHVRIDOO of the alleys in Center City and complete an alley occupancy study. This research will be published in

When they have accurate data layers of the curbs, private truck load/unload spaces, and alleys, SDOT will have a complete picture of the truck load/unload network.

)LQDOȇSURMHFWȴQGLQJVPD\EHXVHGWRSURYLGHGHFLVLRQVXSSRUWWRFLW\RɝFLDOVDQGWRSULYDWHVHFWRU ȴUPVPDQDJLQJVFDUFHDQGH[SHQVLYHVSDFHLQWKH&LW\RI6HDWWOH%\DSSO\LQJV\VWHPVHQJLQHHULQJ DQGHYLGHQFHEDVHGSODQQLQJZHFDQPDNHUHFHLYLQJRQOLQHJRRGVDVHɝFLHQWDVRUGHULQJWKHPȂ without clogging city streets and curb space, or losing packages.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 73 REFERENCES

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>@ :KDWLV/$([SUHVV3DUN"LA Express Park$FFHVVHGRQ-XO\http://www.laexpresspark. org/about-la-expresspark/

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[44] "Smart DC - Making the District a Smart City." Submitted in response to the U.S. Department of 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQȇV1RWLFHRI)XQGLQJ2SSRUWXQLW\1XPEHU'7)+5$Ȋ%H\RQG7UDɝF The Smart City Challenge." District Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. February 6, 2014. https://ddot.dc.gov/publication/smart-dc-making-district-smart-city.

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THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 77 Chapter 2 References

[1] Allen, Julian, Stephen Anderson, Michael Browne, and Peter Jones, "A Framework for Considering 3ROLFLHVWR(QFRXUDJH6XVWDLQDEOH8UEDQ)UHLJKW7UDɝFDQG*RRGV6HUYLFH)ORZVUniversity of Westminster. March 2000.

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>@ 5KRGHV6X]DQQ0DUN%HUQGW3DXO%LQJKDP-RH%U\DQ5:HLVEURG7KRPDV-&KHUUHWW3HWHU Plumeau and Roberta Weisbrod. "NCHRP Report 14: Guidebook for Understanding Urban Goods Movement." Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. 2012. KWWSG[GRLRUJ.

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Chapter 3 References

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[4] "Dock Planning Standards." KELLEY - Front Engineered Solutions, Inc$FFHVVHGRQ-XQH http://kelleyentrematic.com/assets/KelleyDockPlanningStandards.pdf.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 78 APPENDIX A – PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE PROTOTYPE BUILDINGS

7KH6XSSO\&KDLQ7UDQVSRUWDWLRQDQG/RJLVWLFV 6&7/ &HQWHUKDVLGHQWLȴHGEXLOGLQJVWKDWFRXOG EHVXLWDEOHIRUFUHDWLQJXUEDQJRRGVGHOLYHU\SURȴOHVWKDWDUHGHVFULEHGLQ&KDSWHURIWKLVUHSRUW These buildings are to be considered as one downtown building for each of the following prototypes: • Hotel (without a conference center); • Historic commercial and/or retail building with restaurants and/or bars in Pioneer Square; • Residential tower;

ȏ 2ɝFHEXLOGLQJZLWKJURXQGȵRRUUHWDLODQGRUUHVWDXUDQWDQG • Retail building.

The following pages contain short descriptions of the building options, and include the street address and map location, building size, freight delivery characteristics, and the number of street parking spaces near the buildings.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 79 1. HOTELS

1.1. FAIRMONT HOTEL

ADDRESS: 8QLYHUVLW\6W6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT: 'HFHPEHU

FLOOR COUNT: 14

NUMBER OF ROOMS:

NUMBER OF RESTAURANTS:

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING SPACES ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 0 3DLG3DUNLQJ PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG Taxi cabs only: 2

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING SPACES ON THE BLOCK: CVLZ: 11 3DLGSDUNLQJ PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

&Z/',d/E&Z^dZhdhZ͗ ņ Loading bay ņ Contract with UPS for handling parcel deliveries

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Due to the limitations of this period building, loading bay and truck parking spaces used by the hotel are located in the Ace parking facility across the street. The parking facility is connected with the hotel via an underground tunnel.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 80 1.2. FOUR SEASONS HOTEL

ADDRESS: 8QLRQ6W6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT: 1RYHPEHU

FLOOR COUNT: 21 HotelLVORFDWHGRQȵRRUVWKURXJK DQG5HVLGHQFHVDUHORFDWHGRQȵRRUV through 21

NUMBER OF ROOMS:

NUMBER OF RESTAURANTS: 1

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING SPACES ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 1 Paid parking: 0 PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG Taxi cabs only: 0

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING SPACES ON THE BLOCK: &9/= Paid parking: 4 PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņ 2 loading bays

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The loading bays are located on Post Alley. Delivery trucks have to enter through Western Avenue.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 81 1.3. WESTIN SEATTLE

ADDRESS: WK$YH6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT: 1RUWK7RZHU6RXWK7RZHU

NUMBER OF ROOMS:

NUMBER OF RESTAURANTS:

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 1 3DLGSDUNLQJ PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: &9/= 3DLGSDUNLQJ

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņ Loading bays

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The Westin loading dock is secured and DYDLODEOHKRXUV2QVLWH)HG([RɝFH manages all the parcels and delivery items: Approximately 20 to 160 parcels / day.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 82 2. HISTORIC BUILDINGS

2.1. INTERURBAN BUILDING

ADDRESS:

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: ȵRRUV

FOOTAGE: s6)RQ$FUHV

BUSINESSES LOCATED ON THE GROUND FLOOR: Tat’s Deli ABC Imaging, print solutions and digital document management services NIRMAL’S, Indian restaurant Pizza Professionals

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: The alley is adjacent to the building. Tat’s Deli and Nirmal’s have access to the alley.

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 1 3DLGSDUNLQJ

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: &9/= Paid parking: 12

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņ Back doors to the alley ņ Alley

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The businesses adjacent to the alley get deliveries from the alley. Those without alley access take deliveries through the front door, and trucks serving them have to park on the street.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 83 2.2. CAFÉ PALOMA

ADDRESS:

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: ȵRRUV

FOOTAGE: s6)RQ$FUHV

BUSINESSES LOCATED ON THE GROUND FLOOR: Café Paloma Cigar shop

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: Alley is adjacent to the building. There is one entrance to the building in the alley.

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 0 Paid parking: 20

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: &9/= Paid parking: 12

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņAlley

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: SCTL did not see many deliveries to this building during their daytime observation.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 84 3. RESIDENTIAL TOWERS

3.1. INSIGNA BY BOSA

ADDRESS: %HOO6W6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: ȵRRUV

UNITS COUNT: XQLWV

BUSINESSES LOCATED ON THE GROUND FLOOR: US Bank

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: No alley

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 1 3DLGSDUNLQJ

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: CVLZ: 2

PAID PARKING:

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņLoading bay ņ24 hrs. Concierge Services ņParcel Room ņFreight elevator in the North tower

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The North Tower and South Tower are connected inside the building. North and South Insigna towers have two separate loading docks at each parking garage. Although retail spaces were not open in Nov. 2016, the loading bay is not likely to be shared as it is secured for the residential area. There is a loading and consolidation area on the second level of the lobby in South Tower. Both towers have special software for scheduling freight (including booking loading bays). They also have software for registering incoming parcels. When perishable items are delivered (e.g. Blue Apron, Amazon Fresh) the carrier has to deliver it to the residents directly or leave them in a small fridge in the lobby for a short period of time. Approximately 200 parcels/ day are delivered.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 85 3.2. ASPIRA APARTMENT

ADDRESS: 7HUU\$YH6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: ȵRRUV

UNITS COUNT: XQLWV

FLOOR AREA: VTIW

BUSINESSES LOCATED ON THE GROUND FLOOR: Seattle Pho + Bar

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: Alley is adjacent to the building

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 1 3DLGSDUNLQJ

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: CVLZ: 4 3DLGSDUNLQJ

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņLoading bay ņ24 hrs. Concierge Services ņParcel Room ņFreight elevator

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Delivery people usually have keys to the building to put packages to the storage room. Typically receives SDFNDJHGD\

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 86 4. OFFICE BUILDINGS

4.1. SEATTLE MUNICIPAL TOWER

ADDRESS: WK$YH6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: ȵRRUV)ORRUDUHDVTIW

POPULATION: aWHQDQWV

BUSINESSES LOCATED ON THE GROUND FLOOR: Bebas and Amigos &KHZ&KHZV(DWHU\ Core Bistro Starbucks Serina M Salon Treasures Gifts and Snacks

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: No alley available.

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: &9/= 3DLGSDUNLQJ PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: CVLZ: 1 3DLGSDUNLQJ PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņORDGLQJED\VSDUNLQJVSDFHVRQWKHVLGHRIORDGLQJED\V ņAmazon lockers ņFreight elevator

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: 2SHQSXEOLFDFFHVVIURPDPWRSPDPDQGSPDUHWKH peak hours for delivery. If there are trucks in queue, arriving trucks may use loading zone on the adjacent street and deliver the goods on foot.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 87 4.2. COLUMBIA CENTER

ADDRESS: WK$YH6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: ȵRRUV

FLOOR AREA: VTIW

BUSINESSES LOCATED IN THE BUILDING: Food court Starbucks

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: No alley available

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 1 3DLGSDUNLQJ PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: CVLZ: 11 Paid parking: 20 PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņORDGLQJED\V ņFreight elevator ņSecured entrance

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The tallest building in Seattle. SCTL spoke with a delivery SHUVRQZKRZDVGHOLYHULQJGRXJKIURPUG$YHQXHDQG 6SULQJ6WWRWKHEDNHU\RQWKHVWȵRRURIWKH&ROXPELD Center. He illegally parked at the curb for the short period RIWLPH$WȴUVWȵRRU6WDUEXFNVZHZHUHLQIRUPHGWKDWWKHLU delivery system is early morning and overnight delivery. At the food court in the center, a worker told SCTL that all the IRRGVXSSOLHVFRPHWKURXJKWKHORDGLQJGRFNVDWUGȵRRU 2QWKHUGȵRRUWKHPDLOER[HVZHUHORFDWHGDQGWKHURRP was connected to the loading docks where most of freights are delivered. In order to use the loading dock, people need to call to access. Open hours are from 6am to 6pm. Open KUVIRUSHRSOHZLWKDNH\PLQPD[LPXP&RQWDFWLQJ their management team is highly encouraged.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 88 4.3. 520 PIKE TOWER

ADDRESS: 3LNH6W6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT: UHQRYDWHGLQ

FLOOR COUNT: VWRU\

TOTAL RETAIL FLOOR AREA: VTIW

NUMBER OF BUSINESSES IN THE SHOPPING CENTER: VWȵRRU+ 0

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: Alley is adjacent to the building

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 6 Paid parking: 6 PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: CVLZ: 6 3DLGSDUNLQJ

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņSecured entrance ņFreight elevator

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: %OGJPDQDJHUUHSRUWHGWZRLVVXHVWKDWFDXVHGHOLYHU\ȴUPV to prefer entering through the front door from the street instead of using the alley freight bay: 6WHHSQDUURZUDPSIURPLQWHULRUORDGLQJED\WRPDLQȵRRU freight elevator; Uneven pavement in the alley causes loaded hand carts to tip over.from 6am to 6pm. Open 24hrs for people with a NH\PLQPD[LPXP&RQWDFWLQJWKHLUPDQDJHPHQWWHDPLV highly encouraged.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 89 5. RETAIL BUILDINGS

5.1. PACIFIC PLACE

ADDRESS: 3LQH6W6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: VWRU\

TOTAL RETAIL FLOOR AREA: IWt

NUMBER OF BUSINESSES IN THE SHOPPING CENTER: 110 stores 11 cafes and restaurants Access to an alley: No alley available

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 0 Paid parking: 0 PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: &9/= Paid parking: 12 PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņORDGLQJED\V ņSecured entrance ņAmazon Lockers ņ)UHLJKW(OHYDWRUV

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: 7KHORDGLQJED\VDUHRSHQIURPDPWRSP$IWHU hours truck drivers have to call the security guard to open the garage door. The freight elevator stops at some of the stores, directly. The stores that don’t have access to the freight elevator can access it through the back hall (behind-the-scenes area for operations). No time limits in the loading docks.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 90 5.2. WESTLAKE SHOPPING CENTER

ADDRESS: 3LQH6W6HDWWOH:$

YEAR BUILT:

FLOOR COUNT: VWRU\VKRSSLQJFHQWHUDQGVWRU\RɝFHWRZHU

TOTAL RETAIL FLOOR AREA: VTIW

NUMBER OF BUSINESSES IN THE SHOPPING CENTER: LQFOXGLQJFDIHVDQGUHVWDXUDQWVDQG1RUGVWURP5DFN

ACCESS TO AN ALLEY: No alley available

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING ADJACENT TO BUILDING: CVLZ: 1 Paid parking: 1 PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

NUMBER OF STREET PARKING WITHIN THE BLOCK: &9/= Paid parking: 14 G PLQXWHSDVVHQJHUORDG

FREIGHT INFRASTRUCTURE: ņLoading bays ņSecured entrance ņ)HG(['URS2΍ ņ836'URS2΍

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The building includes a hotel, cafes, restaurants, retail, and RɝFHVSDFH Loading dock is secured; not even clerks are allowed to go in. Parking area with loading dock is secured and access to the parking lot was limited.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 91 APPENDIX B – SAMPLE NOTIFICATION LETTER TO CARRIERS

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 92 APPENDIX C – LETTER FROM THE INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 93 APPENDIX D – DETAILED SCHEDULE FOR DATA COLLECTION FOR CREATING DELIVERY PROFILE 0DUFK )HEUXDU\ tĞĚϮͬϭϱͬϭϳ tĞĚϮͬϭϱͬϭϳ &ƌŝϯͬϭϬͬϭϳ &ƌŝϯͬϭϳͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϳͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϮϬͬϭϳ dƵĞϮͬϮϭͬϭϳ dŚƵϮͬϮϯͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϮϰͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϮϰͬϭϳ &ƌŝϯͬϭϳͬϭϳ &ƌŝϯͬϮϰͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϭͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϮϱͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϮϲͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϯϬͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϯϭͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϯϭͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϬͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϳͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϵͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϭϬͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϭͬϭϳ &ƌŝϭͬϭϯͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϭϲͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϭϲͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϳͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϮϰͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϬͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϭϯͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϬͬϭϳ dƵĞϮͬϭϰͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϭͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϭϬͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϭͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϭϮͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϭϲͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϴͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϮϯͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϮϱͬϭϳ &ƌŝϭͬϮϳͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϯͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϬͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϭϬͬϭϳ )LQLVK DŽŶϮͬϭϯͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϭϯͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϮϳͬϭϳ DŽŶϯͬϭϯͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϳͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϮϬͬϭϳ dƵĞϮͬϮϭͬϭϳ tĞĚϮͬϮϮͬϭϳ tĞĚϮͬϮϮͬϭϳ tĞĚϮͬϮϮͬϭϳ DŽŶϯͬϲͬϭϳ DŽŶϯͬϮϬͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϭͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϮϱͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϮϲͬϭϳ &ƌŝϭͬϮϳͬϭϳ &ƌŝϭͬϮϳͬϭϳ &ƌŝϭͬϮϳͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϲͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϭϯͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϵͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϭϬͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϭͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϭϮͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϭϮͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϭϮͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϭϯͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϮϬͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϬͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϭϯͬϭϳ &ƌŝϮͬϭϬͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϭϯͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϭϬͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϭϬͬϭϳ tĞĚϭͬϭϭͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϭϮͬϭϳ &ƌŝϭͬϭϯͬϭϳ &ƌŝϭͬϭϯͬϭϳ dŚƵϭͬϭϵͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϮϰͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϭϲͬϭϳ DŽŶϭͬϯϬͬϭϳ DŽŶϮͬϲͬϭϳ dƵĞϭͬϭϬͬϭϳ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϭϬĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϮĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϭϬĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϮĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϮĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϮĚĂǇƐ ϮĚĂǇƐ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϭĚĂǇ ϮĚĂǇƐ ϰĚĂǇƐ ϯĚĂǇƐ ϮĚĂǇƐ ϭϬĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϱĚĂǇƐ ϭĚĂǇ 'XUDWLRQ 6WDUW ŝ Ž WŝůŽƚĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌƚĂƐŬƐĂƚ/ŶƐŝŐŶĂ &ŝŶĂůŝǌĞƚĂƐŬƐĨŽƌ/ŶƐŝŐŶĂ ĞǀĞůŽƉĨŽƌŵĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌŐƌĂĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ dĞƐƚͬ&ŝŶĂůŝǌĞĂƉƉ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚŚŽƵƌƐ ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶ ,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ^ĞƚDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶĨŽƌtĞƐƚůĂŬĞ WŝůŽƚĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌƚĂƐŬƐĂƚtĞƐƚůĂŬĞ &ŝŶĂůŝǌĞƚĂƐŬƐĨŽƌtĞƐƚůĂŬĞ ĞǀĞůŽƉĨŽƌŵĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌŐƌĂĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ dĞƐƚͬ&ŝŶĂůŝǌĞĂƉƉ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŚŽƵƌƐ ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶ ,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ^ĞƚDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶĨŽƌ/ŶƐŝŐŶĂ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚŚŽƵƌƐ ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶ ,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ^ĞƚDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶĨŽƌ&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů WŝůŽƚĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌƚĂƐŬƐĂƚ&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů &ŝŶĂůŝǌĞƚĂƐŬƐĨŽƌ&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů ĞǀĞůŽƉĨŽƌŵĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌŐƌĂĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ dĞƐƚͬ&ŝŶĂůŝǌĞĂƉƉ WůĂŶŶŝŶŐƐƚƵĚĞŶƚŚŽƵƌƐ ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶ &ŝŶĂůŝǌĞĂƉƉ ,ŝƌŝŶŐ^ƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶ ,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ^ĞƚDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶĨŽƌĞǆƚĞƌ,ŽƌƚŽŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ŝƐƚƌŝďƵƚĞDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶƚŽƐƚĂĨĨŵĞŵďĞƌƐ WŝůŽƚĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌƚĂƐŬƐĂƚĞǆƚĞƌ,ŽƌƚŽŶƵŝůĚ &ŝŶĂůŝǌĞƚĂƐŬƐĨŽƌĞƐƚĞƌ,ŽƌƚŽŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ĞǀĞůŽƉĨŽƌŵĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌŐƌĂĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ dĞƐƚͬ&ŝŶĂůŝǌĞĂƉƉ /ZǆĞŵƉƚŝŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĞǀĞůŽƉDŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐWůĂŶĨŽƌ^ĞĂƚƚůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞ WŝůŽƚĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƚŝŽŶĨŽƌƚĂƐŬƐĂƚ^ĞĂƚƚůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůd &ŝŶĂůŝǌĞƚĂƐŬƐĨŽƌ^ĞĂƚƚůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉĨŽƌŵĨŽƌƵŶĚĞƌŐƌĂĚƐƚƵĚĞŶƚ ĞǀĞůŽƉĂƉƉ dĞƐƚĂƉƉ ,' 7DVN1DPH

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 94 APPENDIX E – SEATTLE MUNICIPAL TOWER DETAILED PROCESS FLOW MAP

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dŽƚĂůEƵŵďĞƌŽĨdƌƵĐŬƐKďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͗ϯϰ dǇƉĞƐŽĨĞůŝǀĞƌǇKďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͗ KĨĨŝĐĞ^ƵƉƉůŝĞƐ WĂĐŬĂŐĞƐ &ŽŽĚ DĂŝůƐ ZĞĐǇĐůĞ &ƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞ dŽƚĂů ϭϳ ϱ ϲ ϰ ϭ ϭ ϯϰ ǀĞƌĂŐĞdŽƚĂůĞůŝǀĞƌǇƵƌĂƚŝŽŶ͗ϮϰŵŝŶ DŝŶŝŵƵŵĞůŝǀĞƌǇƵƌĂƚŝŽŶKďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͗ϴŵŝŶϰϮƐĞĐŽŶĚƐ DĂǆŝŵƵŵĞůŝǀĞƌǇƵƌĂƚŝŽŶKďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͗ϮŚŽƵƌƐϰŵŝŶ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 95 1. Entry - Load/Unload No n: 30 Obtain Freight sd: 32 sec avg: 35 sec Elevator Fob Dock n: 10 n: 19 Open Cargo Loading Needed? Again to Back Up Talk with sd: 83 sec sd: 22 sec avg: 83 sec avg: 22 sec Compartment Security Guard n: 4 n: 24 n: 27 Cargo Booth Walk to Walk to Security sd: 29 sec sd: 16 sec sd: 21 sec Walk with avg: 33 sec avg: 17 sec avg: 27 sec Compartment Goods On Cart to Security Booth Yes Yes Yes No No No Cargo Booth? Booth? Cart to Walk to Walk to Security Security Goods on Walk with 2. Elevator Compartment? n: 31 sd: 19 sec Exit Truck avg: 16 sec from Front Door Yes Wait n: 21 inside the Truck sd: 104 sec avg: 51 sec No No Yes Door? Exit Truck from Front Open Cargo Compartment? n: 3 n: 4 Park Park n: 31 Yes Again Back Up sd: 41 sec sd: 30 sec sd: 32 sec avg: 37 sec avg: 33 sec avg: 37 sec at Street Curb at Loading Bay to Loading Dock Yes No Bay? Park at Loading (Seattle Municipal Tower) Park Started 1. Entry

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 96 1. Entry n: 15 Close Cargo sd: 13 sec avg: 15 sec Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? Take n: 26 onto Cart sd: 71 sec Goods Out avg: 61 sec Yes No Cart? Out onto Take Goods Out n: 1 n: 8 Take Take Take n: 23 sd: NA Cart Out sd: 33 sec sd: 23 sec Goods Out avg: 31 sec avg: 64 sec avg: 51 sec Goods and Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Out? Out? and Cart Take Cart Take Goods Hand Carry? n: 1 sd: NA avg: 3 sec Exit Truck from Cargo Compartment Yes No ment? Compart- Exit Truck from Cargo n: 8 Goods Organize sd: 86 sec avg: 87 sec Yes (Seattle Municipal Tower) No Goods? Organize 1. Entry 1. Entry - Load/Unload

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 97 2. Elevator - 2 1. Entry Yes Yes on No No Goods Floor? Deliver Booth? Security Truck or Diﬀerent Go Back to 3. Destination 3. Destination n: 3 sd: 669 sec (ex.Breaks, avg: 492 sec Phone Calls) Misc. activities Yes No Misc. Activities ex.breaks? n: 0 sd: NA avg: NA Entrance at Elevator Leave Goods Yes at No Elevator Entrance? Leave Goods n: 1 n: 9 Walk n: 24 n: 14 Goods sd: NA sd: 29sec sd: 28 sec sd: 27 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with avg: 44 sec avg: 49 sec avg: 10 sec avg: 51 sec to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? (Seattle Municipal Tower) 1. Entry 2. Elevator

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 98 4. Exit 3. Destination 3. Destination 4. Exit Take Take Take n: 31 n: 11 n: 31 sd: 91 sec sd: 199 sec sd: 111 sec avg: 79 sec avg: 113 sec avg: 121 sec n: 3 n: 3 n: 0 (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Take Take sd: NA avg: NA (Multiple Deliveries) sd: 51 sec sd: 22 sec avg: 67 sec avg: 52 sec Take Stairs (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator n: 1 n: 1 n: 1 sd: NA sd: NA sd: NA avg: 141 Put Goods Put Goods Put Goods avg: 37 sec avg: 160 sec into Elevator into Elevator into Elevator (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (Multiple Deliveries) n: 0 n: 3 n: 17 n: 15 n: 12 sd: NA avg: NA Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For sd: 51 sec sd: 39 sec sd: 36 sec sd: 115 sec avg: 42 sec avg: 65 sec avg: 78 sec avg: 100 sec (Back to Truck) (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator (Multiple Deliveries) Yes Yes Yes First More No No No To Make Delivery? Delivery? Delivery? Second or Yes Yes No No Frieght Going to Going to Elevator? Elevator? Passenger (Seattle Municipal Tower) 2. Elevator 2. Elevator - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 99 3. Destination - 2 n: 10 Talk with sd: 148 sec avg: 122 sec Receptionist Yes No Talk with Receptionist? n: 9 Goods Drop Off sd: 42 sec avg: 56 sec Yes No Goods? Drop off n: 2 Look for Receiver sd: 124 sec avg: 224 sec Yes No Look for Receiver? n: 8 Access Wait for to Office sd: 34 sec avg: 47 sec Yes No Office? Wait for Access to n: 1 n: 6 n: 9 Walk n: 30 Goods sd: NA sd: 82 sec sd: 23 sec sd: 65 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with avg: 64 sec avg: 49 sec avg: 87 sec Empty Cart avg: 100 sec to Destination to Destination to Destination to Destination Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes to to to No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Destination? Destination? Destination? (Seattle Municipal Tower) 2. Elevator 3. Destination - 2 3. Destination

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 100 2. Elevator 4. Exit 3. Destination Yes Yes to on No No More Floor? Truck? Delivery Go Back Diﬀerent n: 5 n: 5 Walk n: 10 n: 18 Goods sd: 14 sec sd: 16 sec sd: 52 sec sd: 50 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with avg: 39 sec avg: 47 sec avg: 44 sec avg: 38 sec to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Walk with Empty Cart to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? n: 32 Receiver sd: 76 sec avg: 54 sec Signs for Goods Yes No Goods? Receiver Signs for n: 4 Scan Goods sd: 50 sec avg: 64 sec Yes No Scan Goods? n: 1 n: 6 n: 15 n: 14 Failed Goods Goods Unload sd: NA Provide Services Pick Up Delivery avg: NA sd: 67 sec sd: 15 sec sd: 24 sec avg: 80 sec avg: 38 sec avg: 160 sec Yes Yes Yes No No No Unload Goods? Goods? Provide Pick Up Services? (Seattle Municipal Tower) 3. Destination 3. Destination - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 101 n: 2 n: 5 Take sd: 57 sec sd: 18 sec avg: 56 sec avg: 39 sec Mailroom Staff Signs for Goods Mailroom Stairs 2. Elevator Yes Yes No No Staff Take Stairs? Goods? Signs for Mailroom Mailroom n: 2 n: 1 n: 3 sd: NA Elevator sd: 9 sec Talk with sd: 13 sec to Freight Walk with avg: 15 sec avg: 26 sec avg: 12 sec Empty Cart to Mailroom Mailroom Staff Wait for Access Yes Yes Yes No No No Staff? Access Wait for Elevator? Talk with Mailroom to Freight Walk with Empty Cart to Mailroom? Put Put n: 2 n: 2 n: 3 Elevator Elevator Elevator sd: 4 sec sd: 8 sec sd: 28 sec avg: 8 sec avg: 48 sec avg: 14 sec Empty Cart to Mailroom into Mailroom Goods on Cart from Mailroom Take Goods Out Yes Yes Yes Put into No No No from Take on Cart Elevator? Elevator? Elevator? Mailroom Mailroom Put Goods Goods Out Empty Cart to Mailroom n: 2 n: 6 n: 4 Elevator Elevator Elevator Wait for sd: 8 sec sd: 9 sec Mailroom sd: 29 sec Walk with avg: 61 sec avg: 36 sec avg: 17 sec Empty Cart to Mailroom to Mailroom from Freight Walk with Goods Yes Yes Yes (Seattle Municipal Tower) No No No Goods Wait for Elevator? Elevator? Elevator? Mailroom Walk with Walk with fron Freight Empty Cart to Mailroom to Mailroom 2. Elevator 3. Destination-Mailroom

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 102 4. Exit - 2 n: 5 n: 6 n: 1 sd: NA to Cargo to Cargo sd: 26 sec sd: 23 sec Walk with Walk from avg: 29 sec avg: 34 sec avg: 28 sec Compartment Compartment Compartmentt Goods on Cart Security Booth Booth to Cargo Walk with Empty Cart from Security from Security Booth Yes Yes Yes No No No from Cargo Cargo Booth Security Security Security to Cargo Booth to Booth to Goods on Cart from Walk with Walk with Walk from Empty Cart Compartment? Compartment? Compartment? n: 28 Freight Return sd: 38 sec 4. Exit - 2 avg: 45 sec Elevator Fob Yes No Fob? Freight Return Elevator n: 9 n: 1 n: 7 n: 1 n: 2 n: 19 Booth Booth sd: NA sd: NA Elevator Elevator sd: 3 sec to Cargo to Cargo sd: 22 sec sd: 30 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with Walk from Walk from sd: 130 sec to Security to Security avg: 58 sec avg: 29 sec avg: 26 sec avg: 39 sec avg: 39 sec avg: 41 sec EmptyCart Empty Cart from Elevator from Elevator from Elevator Compartment Compartment Compartment Goods on Cart Walk with Goods Elevator to Cargo to Security Booth Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Cart from from from Booth Goods Booth? Booth? Elevator Elevator Elevator Elevator Elevator Elevator to Cargo to Cargo to Cargo Goods on Walk with Walk with Walk with Walk with Walk from Walk from to Security to Security to Security Empty Cart Empty Cart Compartment? Compartment? Compartment? (Seattle Municipal Tower) 3. Destination 4. Exit

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 103 4. Exit - 3 n: 3 Walk Booth 4. Exit sd: 5 sec avg: 5 sec to Security from Truck Yes No Walk Booth? to Security from Truck n: 9 Close Cargo sd: 15 sec 4. Exit - 3 avg: 18 sec Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? n: 2 Goods Organize sd: 11 sec avg: 85 sec Yes No Goods? Organize Put Put n: 5 n: 1 n: 16 sd: NA Back to Back to Back to sd: 26 sec Put Goods sd: 262 sec avg: 42 sec Empty Cart avg: 153 sec avg: 148 sec Cart and Goods Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Yes Yes Yes Put No No No Cargo Cargo Cargo Goods Back to Back to Back to Put Goods Empty Cart PutCartand Compartment? Compartment? Compartment? n: 3 Open Cargo sd: 8 sec avg: 16 sec Compartment Yes No Open Cargo Compartment? (Seattle Municipal Tower) 4. Exit 4. Exit - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 104 Drive Away 4. Exit - 2 n: 1 Walk sd: NA to Cargo avg: 25 sec Compartment n: 3 From sd: NA avg: NA Exit Truck Front Door Yes No Door? Exit Truck From Front n: 1 Wait Truck Inside sd: NA avg: 17 sec Yes No Wait Inside Truck? n: 3 Drive Forward sd: 6 sec avg: 25 sec Yes No Drive Forward? Door n: 22 sd: 33 sec from Front avg: 31 sec Enter Truck Yes No Door? from Front Enter Truck n: 1 n: 28 Truck sd: NA Walk to Front of sd: 39 sec avg: 22 sec avg: 24 sec from Cargo Enter Truck Compartment Yes Yes No No Truck? Walk to Front of from Cargo Enter Truck Compartment? (Seattle Municipal Tower) 4. Exit - 2 4. Exit-3

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 105 APPENDIX F – SEATTLE MUNICIPAL TOWER - SUMMARY OF PROCESS STEP DATA

STANDARD AVERAGE LOCATION TASKS DEVIATION SD/AVG D/E/DhD Dy/DhD DK Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή

Parking Ended at Loading Bay 37 41 1.12 3 165 4

Parking Ended at Street Curb 33 30 0.89 12 67 12

Backing Up Again to Loading 37 32 0.87 13 73 13 Dock

tĂŝƟŶŐ/ŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞdƌƵĐŬ 51 104 2.02 1 407 2

Exit Truck From Front Door 16 19 1.2 3 90 3

Walk from Truck to Security 27 21 0.75 4 102 8 Booth Walk With Goods On Cart to 33 29 0.88 6 75 26 Security Booth

Talking with security guard 83 83 1 5 242 5

Obtain Freight Elevator Fob 35 21 0.61 2 77 12 ENTRY Walk to Cargo Compartment 17 16 0.93 2 67 2 - Entry

Open Cargo Compartment 22 22 0.99 3 75 7

Organize Goods - Entry 87 86 0.99 3 255 120

Exit Truck from Cargo Com- 3NANaN 3 3 3 partment

Take Cart Out 31 33 1.05 1 124 1

Take Good(s) Out onto cart 61 71 1.16 3 290 12

Take Good(s) And Cart Out 64 NA NaN 64 64 64 Together

Take Good(s) Out 51 23 0.45 26 84 26

Close Cargo Compartment 15 13 0.87 2 48 3

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 106 STANDARD AVERAGE LOCATION TASKS DEVIATION SD/AVG D/E/DhD Dy/DhD DK Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή

Walk To Elevator 49 27 0.56 12 105 44

Walk With Good(s) On 44 28 0.64 9 129 29 Cart from truck to elevator Walk With Good(s) from 51 29 0.57 17 105 29 truck to elevator Walk with Empty Cart 10 NA NaN 10 10 10 from truck to elevator Leave Goods At Elevator NA NA NA NA NA NA Entrance DŝƐĐĞůůĂŶĞŽƵƐĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ 492 669 1.36 29 1259 29 (Breaks, Talking on Phone) Wait for Freight Elevator 42 51 1.22 3 193 10 - Up WƵƫŶŐ'ŽŽĚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ 160 NA NaN 160 160 160 freight elevator - Up

Took Freight Elevator - Up 79 91 1.15 4 486 35

Wait for Freight Elevator - 100 115 1.15 5 475 5 Elevator 2 or More Deliveries WƵƫŶŐ'ŽŽĚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ freight elevator -2nd 141 NA NaN 141 141 141 delivery Took Freight Elevator - 2 113 199 1.76 20 710 53 or More Deliveries Wait for Freight Elevator 65 39 0.6 20 126 20 - Down WƵƫŶŐ'ŽŽĚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ 37 NA NaN 37 37 37 freight elevator -down Took Freight Elevator - 121 111 0.92 2 427 30 Down Wait for Passenger Eleva- 78 36 0.47 54 120 54 tor - Up Took Passenger Elevator 67 51 0.76 36 126 36 - Up Took Passenger Elevator 52 22 0.42 32 76 32 - Down

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 107 STANDARD AVERAGE SD/ LOCATION TASKS DEVIATION D/E/DhD Dy/DhD DK Έ^KE^Ή AVG Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή

Walk from elevator to 49 23 0.46 19 81 36 ĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ Walk with Good(s) from 87 65 0.74 26 196 26 ĞůĞǀĂƚŽƌƚŽĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ Walk With Good(s) On Cart from elevator to 64 82 1.28 10 421 10 ĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ Walk with Empty Cart ĨƌŽŵĞůĞǀĂƚŽƌƚŽĚĞƐƟ- 100 NA NaN 100 100 100 ŶĂƟŽŶ tĂŝƟŶŐĨŽƌĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞ 47 34 0.72 13 111 22 ŽĸĐĞ Looking for Receiver 224 124 0.55 136 311 136

ƌŽƉŽīWĂĐŬĂŐĞ 56 42 0.74 6 156 6

dĂůŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚƌĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŝƐƚ 122 148 1.21 16 464 16

ĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ Unload Goods 133 166 1.25 11 501 21

Pick up 35 13 0.36 20 60 25

Service (Load Vending, 279 106 0.38 117 382 117 catering)

Scanning 64 50 0.78 7 120 7

ZĞĐĞŝǀĞƌ^ŝŐŶƐŽī 54 76 1.42 3 404 11

tĂůŬĨƌŽŵĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶƚŽ 38 16 0.43 25 64 25 elevator Walk With Good(s) KŶĂƌƚĨƌŽŵĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ 47 50 1.07 3 193 10 to elevator Walk with Good(s) from 44 14 0.32 25 56 56 ĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶƚŽĞůĞǀĂƚŽƌ Walk with Empty Cart ĨƌŽŵĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶƚŽ 39 52 1.34 2 180 2 elevator

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 108 STANDARD AVERAGE LOCATION TASKS DEVIATION SD/AVG D/E/DhD Dy/DhD Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή

Walk with Goods from freight eleva- 17 9 0.51 8 29 tor to mail room elevator WƵƫŶŐĐĂƌƚǁŝƚŚŐŽŽĚƐŝŶƚŽŵĂŝů 8 4 0.47 5 10 room elevator

tĂŝƟŶŐĨŽƌĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƚŚĞŵĂŝůƌŽŽŵ 12 9 0.76 2 20

Take mail room stairs 39 18 0.47 10 61

Wait for mail room elevator 36 8 0.21 29 47

Take carts out from the mail room 48 28 0.58 28 67 ĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ elevator - Mailroom Load mails from mail room elevator 105 NA NaN 105 105

dĂůŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚDĂŝůZŽŽŵ^ƚĂī 15 13 0.85 6 24

DĂŝůƌŽŽŵƐƚĂīͲƐŝŐŶŽī 56 57 1.03 15 96 Walk with empty cart from desk to 61 29 0.48 40 81 mail room elevator WƵƫŶŐĞŵƉƚǇĐĂƌƚŝŶƚŽŵĂŝůƌŽŽŵ 14 8 0.56 6 22 elevator Walk with Empty Cart from mail 26 NA NaN 26 26 room to elevator

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 109 STANDARD AVERAGE LOCATION TASKS DEVIATION SD/AVG D/E/DhD Dy/DhD DK Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^)

Walk from elevator to Security 58 130 2.23 3 580 24 Booth Walk with Good(s) from Elevator 26 NA NaN 26 26 26 to Security Booth Walk with Empty Cart from 39 30 0.79 16 105 24 elevator to Security Booth

Return Freight Elevator Fob 45 38 0.84 5 156 6

Walk from Security Booth to 34 23 0.67 9 70 9 Cargo Compartment Walk with Good(s) On Cart from Security Booth to Cargo 28 NA NaN 28 28 28 Compartment Walk with Empty Cart from Exit Security Booth to Cargo Com- 29 26 0.9 10 75 10 partment Walk from Elevator to Cargo 39 NA NaN 39 39 39 Compartment Walk With Good(s) On Cart from 155 NA NaN 155 155 155 Elevator to Cargo Compartment Walk with Empty Cart from ele- 28 18 0.65 9 60 9 vator to Cargo Compartment Walk with Good(s) on Cart from 41 3 0.07 39 43 39 elevator to Cargo Compartment

Open Cargo Compartment - Exit 16 8 0.5 8 24 8

Put Empty Cart back to cargo 42 26 0.62 5 98 33 compartment

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 110 STANDARD AVERAGE LOCATION TASKS DEVIATION SD/AVG D/E/DhD Dy/DhD DK Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή Έ^KE^Ή

Put Cart & Goods back to cargo 153 262 1.71 28 622 28 compartment Put Goods back to cargo 148 NA NaN 148 148 148 compartment

Organize Goods - Exit 85 11 0.13 77 92 77

Close Cargo Compartment - Exit 18 15 0.87 5 54 5

Walk from Truck to Security Booth 6 5 0.76 2 11 2 - Exit Enter Truck from Cargo 24 NA NaN 24 24 24 Exit Compartment

Walk to front of truck 22 39 1.75 4 210 8

Enter truck from front door 31 33 1.08 1 124 7

Drive Forward 25 6 0.25 18 30 18

tĂŝƟŶŐ/ŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞdƌƵĐŬͲǆŝƚ 17 NA NaN 17 17 17

Exit Truck From Front Door NA NA NA NA NA NA

Walk to Cargo Compartment - Exit 25 NA NaN 25 25 25

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 111 APPENDIX G – '(;7(5+25721%8Ζ/'Ζ1*b+Ζ*+/(9(/352&(66)/2:0$3

ĞůŝǀĞƌǇWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͗ ĞǆƚĞƌ,ŽƌƚŽŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ

,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ

ϭ͘ŶƚƌǇ Ϯ͘ůĞǀĂƚŽƌ ϯ͘ĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ϰ͘ǆŝƚ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 112 1. Entry - Load/Unload Open Cargo Compartment Cargo Walk to Compartment Yes No Cargo Walk to 2. Elevator Compartment? Exit Truck from Front Door Wait inside the Truck Park at Street Curb (Dextor Horton Building) Park Started 1. Entry

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 113 1. Entry Close Cargo Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? Take onto Cart Goods Out Yes No Cart? Out onto Take Goods Out Take Take Take Cart Out Goods Out Goods and Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Out? Out? and Cart Take Cart Take Goods Hand Carry? Goods Organize YesYes (Dexter Horton Building) No Goods? Organize 1. Entry 1. Entry - Load/Unload

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 114 2. Elevator - 2 1. Entry Yes Yes on No No Goods Floor? Truck? Deliver Diﬀerent Go Back to 3. Destination 3. Destination (ex.Breaks, Phone Calls) Misc. activities Yes No Misc. Activities ex.breaks? Entrance at Elevator Leave Goods Yes at No Elevator Entrance? Leave Goods Walk Goods Walk with Walk with Walk with to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? (Dexter Horton Building) 1. Entry 2. Elevator

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 115 4. Exit 3. Destination 3. Destination 4. Exit Take Take Take (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Take Take (Multiple Deliveries) Take Stairs (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator Put Goods Put Goods Put Goods into Elevator into Elevator into Elevator (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (Multiple Deliveries) Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For (Back to Truck) (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator (Multiple Deliveries) Yes Yes Yes First More No No No To Make Delivery? Delivery? Delivery? Second or Yes Yes No No Frieght Going to Going to Elevator? Elevator? Passenger (Dexter Horton Building) 2. Elevator 2. Elevator - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 116 3. Destination - 2 Talk with Receptionist Yes No Talk with Receptionist? Goods Drop Off Yes No Goods? Drop off Look for Receiver Yes No Look for Receiver? Access Wait for to Office Yes No Office? Wait for Access to Walk Goods Walk with Walk with Walk with Empty Cart to Destination to Destination to Destination to Destination Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes to to to No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Destination? Destination? Destination? (Dexter Horton Building) 2. Elevator 3. Destination - 2 3. Destination

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 117 2. Elevator 4. Exit 3. Destination Yes Yes to on No No More Floor? Truck? Delivery Go Back Diﬀerent Walk Goods Walk with Walk with Walk with to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Walk with Empty Cart to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? Receiver Signs for Goods Yes No Goods? Receiver Signs for Scan Goods Yes No Scan Goods? Failed Goods Goods Unload Provide Services Pick Up Delivery Yes Yes Yes No No No Unload Goods? Goods? Provide Pick Up Services? (Dexter Horton Building) 3. Destination 3. Destination - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 118 Drive Away Close Cargo Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? Goods Organize Yes No Goods? Organize Put Put Back to Back to Back to Put Goods Empty Cart Cart and Goods Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Yes Yes Yes Put No No No Cargo Cargo Cargo Goods Back to Back to Back to Put Goods Empty Cart PutCartand Compartment? Compartment? Compartment? Open Cargo Compartment Yes No Open Cargo Compartment? Elevator to Cargo to Cargo to Cargo Walk with Walk with Walk from Empty Cart from Elevator Compartment Compartment Compartment Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Cart from Elevator Elevator to Cargo to Cargo to Cargo Goods on Walk with Walk with Walk from Empty Cart Compartment? Compartment? Compartment? (Dexter Horton Building) 3. Destination 4. Exit

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 119 APPENDIX H – FOUR SEASONS HOTEL – HIGH-LEVEL PROCESS FLOW MAP

ĞůŝǀĞƌǇWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ,ŽƚĞů͗ &ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů

,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ

ϭ͘ŶƚƌǇ Ϯ͘ůĞǀĂƚŽƌ ϯ͘ĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ϰ͘ǆŝƚ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 120 Drive Away Wait inside the Truck Close Carco Compartment Hotel Staﬀ Signs for Goods Wait for Hotel Staﬀ Take Goods Out Goods Organize Open Cargo Compartment Exit Truck from Front Door Wait inside the Truck (Four Seasons Hotel) Park at Loading Bay Park Started Delivery Process Flow

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 121 APPENDIX I – WESTLAKE TOWER AND CENTER – HIGH-LEVEL PROCESS FLOW MAP

ĞůŝǀĞƌǇWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ^ŚŽƉƉŝŶŐDĂůů͗ tĞƐƚůĂŬĞDĂůůͬdŽǁĞƌ

,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ

ϭ͘ŶƚƌǇ Ϯ͘ůĞǀĂƚŽƌ ϯ͘ĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ϰ͘ǆŝƚ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 122 1. Entry - Load/Unload Open Cargo Compartment Cargo Walk to Compartment Yes No Cargo Walk to 2. Elevator Compartment? Exit Truck from Front Door Wait inside the Truck Park Park at Street Curb at Loading Bay Yes No Bay? Park at Loading (Westlake Mall/Tower) Park Started 1. Entry

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 123 1. Entry Close Cargo Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? Take onto Cart Goods Out Yes No Cart? Out onto Take Goods Out Take Take Take Cart Out Goods Out Goods and Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Out? Out? and Cart Take Cart Take Goods Hand Carry? Goods Organize YesYes (Westlake Mall/Tower) No Goods? Organize 1. Entry 1. Entry - Load/Unload

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 124 2. Elevator - 2 1. Entry Yes Yes on No No Goods Floor? Truck? Deliver Diﬀerent Go Back to 3. Destination 3. Destination (ex.Breaks, Phone Calls) Misc. activities Yes No Misc. Activities ex.breaks? Entrance at Elevator Leave Goods Yes at No Elevator Entrance? Leave Goods Walk Goods Walk with Walk with Walk with to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? (Westlake Mall/Tower) 1. Entry 2. Elevator

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 125 4. Exit 3. Destination 3. Destination 4. Exit Take Take Take (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Take Take (Multiple Deliveries) Take Stairs (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator Put Goods Put Goods Put Goods into Elevator into Elevator into Elevator (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (Multiple Deliveries) Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For (Back to Truck) (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator (Multiple Deliveries) Yes Yes Yes First More No No No To Make Delivery? Delivery? Delivery? Second or Yes Yes No No Frieght Going to Going to Elevator? Elevator? Passenger (Westlake Mall/Tower) 2. Elevator 2. Elevator - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 126 3. Destination - 2 Talk with Receptionist Yes No Talk with Receptionist? Goods Drop Off Yes No Goods? Drop off Look for Receiver Yes No Look for Receiver? Access Wait for to Office Yes No Office? Wait for Access to Walk Goods Walk with Walk with Walk with Empty Cart to Destination to Destination to Destination to Destination Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes to to to No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Destination? Destination? Destination? (Westlake Mall/Tower) 2. Elevator 3. Destination - 2 3. Destination

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 127 2. Elevator 4. Exit 3. Destination Yes Yes to on No No More Floor? Truck? Delivery Go Back Diﬀerent Walk Goods Walk with Walk with Walk with to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Walk with Empty Cart to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? Receiver Signs for Goods Yes No Goods? Receiver Signs for Scan Goods Yes No Scan Goods? Failed Goods Goods Unload Provide Services Pick Up Delivery Yes Yes Yes No No No Unload Goods? Goods? Provide Pick Up Services? (Westlake Mall/Tower) 3. Destination 3. Destination - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 128 Drive Away Close Cargo Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? Goods Organize Yes No Goods? Organize Put Put Back to Back to Back to Put Goods Empty Cart Cart and Goods Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Yes Yes Yes Put No No No Cargo Cargo Cargo Goods Back to Back to Back to Put Goods Empty Cart PutCartand Compartment? Compartment? Compartment? Open Cargo Compartment Yes No Open Cargo Compartment? Elevator to Cargo to Cargo to Cargo Walk with Walk with Walk from Empty Cart from Elevator Compartment Compartment Compartment Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Cart from Elevator Elevator to Cargo to Cargo to Cargo Goods on Walk with Walk with Walk from Empty Cart Compartment? Compartment? Compartment? (Westlake Mall/Tower) 3. Destination 4. Exit

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 129 APPENDIX J – INSIGNIA TOWER – HIGH-LEVEL PROCESS FLOW MAP

ĞůŝǀĞƌǇWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƚŝĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐ /ŶƐŝŐŶŝĂdŽǁĞƌ

,ŝŐŚ>ĞǀĞůWƌŽĐĞƐƐ&ůŽǁDĂƉ

ϭ͘ŶƚƌǇ Ϯ͘ůĞǀĂƚŽƌ ϯ͘ĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ ϰ͘ǆŝƚ

dŽƚĂůEƵŵďĞƌŽĨdƌƵĐŬƐKďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͗ϰϮ dǇƉĞƐŽĨĞůŝǀĞƌǇKďƐĞƌǀĞĚ͗ WĂĐŬĂŐĞƐ &ŽŽĚ 'ƌŽĐĞƌŝĞƐ &ƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞ DĂŝů dŽƚĂů ϮϮ ϴ ϳ ϰ ϭ ϰϮ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 130 2. Elevator 3. Destination Floor? Deliver Diﬀerent Goods on n: 23 Enter sd: 27 sec avg: 16 sec the Building n: 27 Wait For sd: 44 sec avg: 28 sec Building Access n: 26 Call For sd: 7 sec avg: 6 sec Building Access n: 4 n: 2 n: 14 n: 15 n: 23 Goods Goods Walk to Pick Up Wait for Building sd: 7 sec Tenant to sd: 27 sec sd: 10 sec sd: 63 sec sd: 40 sec avg: 9 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with to building avg: 30 sec avg: 10 sec avg: 50 sec avg: 47 sec to Building to Building Empty Cart Goods On Cart Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Cart to Walk to Goods to Goods on Building? Building? Building? Walk with Walk with Walk with Empty Cart to Building? 1. Entry - Load/Unload n: 28 sd: 8 sec avg: 8 sec Exit Truck from Front Door Wait n: 16 inside the Truck sd: 18 sec avg: 16 sec n: 1 n: 1 Bike Lock Park Park Park n: 30 n: 16 Again sd: NA sd: NA sd: 37 sec sd: 18 sec avg: 9 sec avg: 21 sec avg: 16 sec avg: 20 sec by Reqeust at Street Curb at Loading Bay Yes Yes Yes No No No Bay? Park at Park at Loading Park Again by Request? Street Curb? (Insignia Tower) Park Started 1. Entry

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 131 1. Entry n: 21 Close Cargo sd: 7 sec avg: 9 sec Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? Take n: 77 sd: 5 sec onto Cart avg: 5 sec Goods Out Yes No Cart? Out onto Take Goods Take Take n: 20 n: 222 sd: 9 sec Cart Out sd: 17 sec avg: 5 sec Goods Out avg: 11 sec Yes Yes No No Out? Take Cart Hand Carry? n: 72 Goods Organize sd: 35 sec avg: 21 sec Yes NoNo Goods? Organize n: 23 sd: 14 sec avg: 12 sec Open Cargo Compartment Yes (Insignia Tower) NoNo Open Cargo Compartment? 1. Entry 1. Entry - Load/Unload

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 132 2. Elevator - 2 1. Entry Yes Yes on No No Goods Floor? Deliver Booth? Security Truck or Diﬀerent Go Back to 3. Destination 3. Destination n: 0 sd: NA avg: NA (ex.Breaks, Phone Calls) Misc. activities Yes No Misc. Activities ex.breaks? n: 0 sd: NA avg: NA Entrance at Elevator Leave Goods Yes at No Elevator Entrance? Leave Goods n: 1 n: 8 n: 5 Walk n: 18 Goods sd: NA sd: 14sec sd: 30 sec sd: 16 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with avg: 14 sec avg: 19 sec avg: 35 sec avg: 27 sec to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? (Insignia Tower) 1. Entry 2. Elevator

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 133 4. Exit 3. Destination 3. Destination 4. Exit n: 1 Take Take Take n: 18 n: 18 sd: NA avg: NA sd: 18 sec sd: 20 sec avg: 31 sec avg: 30 sec n: 2 n: 2 n: 0 (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Take Take Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator sd: NA avg: NA (Multiple Deliveries) sd: 10 sec sd: 11 sec avg: 56 sec avg: 18 sec Take Stairs (Back to Truck) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator n: 0 n: 0 n: 0 sd: NA sd: NA sd: NA avg: NA avg: NA avg: NA Put Goods Put Goods Put Goods into Elevator into Elevator into Elevator (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (Multiple Deliveries) n:1 n: 2 n: 2 n: 19 n: 17 sd: NA sd: NA sd: NA avg: NA avg: NA Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For Wait For sd: 38 sec sd: 15 sec avg: 23 sec avg: 20 sec avg: 47 sec (Back to Truck) (Back to Truck) (to Destination) (to Destination) Freight Elevator Freight Elevator Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator Passenger Elevator (Multiple Deliveries) Yes Yes Yes First More No No No To Make Delivery? Delivery? Delivery? Second or Yes Yes No No Freight Going to Going to Elevator? Elevator? Passenger (Insignia Tower) 2. Elevator 2. Elevator - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 134 2. Elevator 4. Exit Yes Yes 3. Destination - 2 to on No No More Floor? Truck? Delivery Go Back Different n: 4 Tenent Talk with sd: 27 sec avg: 31 sec Yes n: 11 No sd: 15 sec avg: 17 sec Tenent? Receptionist Talk with Signs for Goods Yes No Goods? Signs for Receptionist n: 1 n: 10 Goods sd: NA Look for Receiver Drop Off sd: 22 sec avg: 3 sec avg: 14 sec Yes Yes Scan n: 161 Goods No No sd: 12 sec avg: 4 sec Goods? Drop off Look for Receiver? Yes No Scan Goods? n:13 Access Wait for to Tenent sd: 33 sec avg: 39 sec Yes n: n: 8 Goods Goods Unload sd: NA Pick Up avg: NA sd: 4 sec No avg: 4 sec Tenant? Wait for Yes Yes No No Unload Goods? Goods? Pick Up Walk n: 30 n: 14 n: 20 n: 14 Goods sd: 14 sec sd: 21 sec sd: 18 sec sd: 18 sec avg: 17sec Walk with Walk with Walk with avg: 25 sec avg: 28 sec avg: 28 sec Empty Cart to Destination to Destination to Destination to Destination Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes to to to No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Destination? Destination? Destination? n: 29 Talk with sd: 31 sec avg: 26 sec Receptionist (Insignia Tower) 1. Entry 2. Elevator 3. Destination - 2 3. Destination

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 135 2. Elevator 4. Exit 3. Destination Yes Yes to on No No More Floor? Truck? Delivery Go Back Diﬀerent n: 1 n: 2 n: 8 n: 0 Walk Goods sd: NA sd: NA avg: NA sd: 15 sec sd: 23 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with avg: 17 sec avg: 16 sec to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator to Elevator Empty Cart avg: 209 sec Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on Walk with Walk with Walk with Empty Cart to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? to Elevator? n: 10 Tenant sd: 33 sec avg: 21 sec Signs for Goods Yes No Tenant Goods? Signs for n: 0 Scan Goods sd: NA avg: NA Yes No Scan Goods? NA n: 2 n: 1 n: 2 Place Failed Goods Goods Unload sd: NA sd: NA Pick Up Delivery avg: NA sd: 5 sec avg: 8 sec avg: 2 sec avg: 52sec Enter Tenant’s n: 5 (10 - mail) Yes Yes Yes No No No Unload Goods? Goods? Provide Pick Up Services? (Insignia Tower) 3. Destination 3. Destination - 2

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 136 Drive Away n: 35 Enter Truck sd: 34 sec avg: 24 sec n: 7 Close Cargo sd: 5 sec avg: 8 sec Compartment Yes No Close Cargo Compartment? n: 0 Goods sd: NA avg: NA Organize Yes No Goods? Organize n: Put Put n: 52 n: 15 sd: NA Back to Back to Back to avg: NA sd: 41 sec sd: 18 sec Put Goods avg: 23 sec avg: 10 sec Empty Cart Cart and Goods Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Cargo Compartment Yes Yes Put No No Cargo Cargo Goods Back to Back to Empty Cart PutCartand Compartment? Compartment? n: 8 Open Cargo sd: 9 sec avg: 10 sec Compartment Yes No Open Cargo Compartment? n: 2 n: 3 n: 2 Walk n: 18 Goods to Truck to Truck to Truck to Truck sd: 3 sec sd: 23sec sd: 22 sec sd: 15 sec Walk with Walk with Walk with avg: 27 sec avg: 38 sec avg: 24 sec avg: 38 sec Empty Cart Goods on Cart Yes Yes Yes No No No Cart Walk Goods Goods on to Truck? to Truck? to Truck? Walk with Walk with (Insignia Tower) 3. Destination 3. Destination-2 4. Exit

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 137 APPENDIX K – DATA DICTIONARY AND MAP COLLECTION

Description The following describes the maps layers and shows simple maps of each layer for the $UF*Ζ6PDSSDFNDJHȊ)LQDOB7DVNBVKRZFDVHSNJȋ

Extent All layers have been clipped to a spatial extent that covers downtown Seattle, First Hill, Capitol Hill and parts of Lower Queen Anne and SoDo. Data will need to be downloaded from sites listed herein to gain full extent of all data.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 138 LAYERS DETAILS

dĂƐŬϮͺƐƚĂƚĞƉůĂŶĞ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ WŽŝŶƚƐƐŚŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨůŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇƐͬĚŽĐŬƐŝŶdĂƐŬϮƐƚƵĚǇĂƌĞĂ͘ Source: hƌďĂŶ&ƌĞŝŐŚƚ>Ăď&ŝŶĂůϱϬdĂƐŬϮĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ

dŽƚĂůͺĂƌĞĂ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ WŽůǇŐŽŶůĂǇĞƌƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚĂƐĂĚŽƩĞĚůŝŶĞƐŚŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĞďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐŽĨƚŚĞh&> &ŝŶĂůϱϬdĂƐŬϮĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĂƌĞĂ͘ Source: hƌďĂŶ&ƌĞŝŐŚƚ>Ăď&ŝŶĂůϱϬdĂƐŬϮĚĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 139 LAYERS DETAILS

Alleys ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ >ŝŶĞƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐĂůůĞǇƐ͘ Source: ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁϱ͘ŬŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚǇ͘ŐŽǀͬƐĚĐͬDĞƚĂĚĂƚĂ͘ĂƐƉǆ͍>ĂǇĞƌсƚƌĂŶƐͺŶĞƚǁŽƌŬͺĐĂƌ Notes: The alleys in this layer are a subset of street segments from the King County DĞƚƌŽdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶEĞƚǁŽƌŬůĂǇĞƌĨŽƌĐĂƌŵŽĚĞ͘ůůĞǇƐǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚ ĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐůĂǇĞƌďǇƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐŚĂǀŝŶŐƚŚĞϳϯĐŽĚĞ;ŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŶŐ ĂůůĞǇƐͿŝŶƚŚĞ&ͺ/ĮĞůĚ͘dŚŝƐůĂǇĞƌĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐĂůůŽĨƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĮĞůĚƐĂƐƚŚĞ ƐŽƵƌĐĞŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘^ĞĞĂďŽǀĞhZ>ĨŽƌĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨĮĞůĚƐ͘

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 140 LAYERS DETAILS

s>ͺĐƵƌďƐ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ CVLZs represented as lines along blocks.

Source: ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚĂƚĂ͘ƐĞĂƩůĞ͘ŐŽǀͬdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͬ^KdͲƵƌďͲ^ƉĂĐĞͲĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐͬϳϳŵƐͲ czxg

Notes: Commercial vehicle load zones from SDOT’s Curb Space Categories dataset. The Curb Space Categories dataset represents curbs as line segments along ďůŽĐŬƐ͕ŵĂƌŬŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞƐŝĚĞǁĂůŬƐŵĞĞƚƐƚƌĞĞƚƐ͘KŶůǇĐƵƌďƐǁŝƚŚ paid parking are represented in the original data. The curb along the block is ĚŝǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŽĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƐĞŐŵĞŶƚƐďǇƵƐĞ͘dŚĞ^WdzWĂŶĚ^WdzW^ ĮĞůĚƐŝŶƚŚĞĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞƚĂďůĞůŝƐƚƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƵƐĞƐ͘dŚĞs>ͺĐƵƌďůĂǇĞƌǁĂƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚďǇƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐŽŶůǇƚŚŽƐĞĐƵƌďƵƐĞƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚs>Ɛ ;ĂƐŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞŝƌĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶƚǇƉĞŝŶƚŚĞ^WdzW^ĮĞůĚͿĂŶĚǁĞƌĞ ĂĚũĂĐĞŶƚƚŽs>ƐƚƌĞĞƚƉĂƌŬŝŶŐƐŝŐŶƐĂƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞs>ͺƐŝŐŶƐůĂǇĞƌ͘

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 141 LAYERS DETAILS

s>ͺƐŝŐŶƐ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ ^ƚƌĞĞƚƉĂƌŬŝŶŐƐŝŐŶůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚĂƐƉŽŝŶƚƐ͘

Source: ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚĂƚĂ͘ƐĞĂƩůĞ͘ŐŽǀͬdƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶͬ^KdͲ^ƚƌĞĞƚͲWĂƌŬŝŶŐͲ^ŝŐŶƐͬĞƌǀϲͲŬϱǌǀ

Notes: The CVLZ street signs come from SDOT’s Street Parking Signs data. This ĚĂƚĂƐĞƚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĞǀĞƌǇƉĂƌŬŝŶŐƐŝŐŶďǇĐĂƚĞŐŽƌǇƚǇƉĞ͘dŚĞ s>ͺƐŝŐŶƐůĂǇĞƌǁĂƐĐƌĞĂƚĞĚďǇƐĞůĞĐƟŶŐƐŝŐŶƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůsĞŚŝĐůĞ >ŽĂĚŽŶĞƐǀĂůƵĞŝŶƚŚĞd'KZzĮĞůĚ͘

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 142 LAYERS DETAILS

Parcel ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ King County tax assessor parcels.

Source: ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁϱ͘ŬŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚǇ͘ŐŽǀͬƐĚĐͬDĞƚĂĚĂƚĂ͘ĂƐƉǆ͍>ĂǇĞƌсƉĂƌĐĞů

Notes: dŚĞ<ƉĂƌĐĞůĚĂƚĂǁĂƐůĞŌƵŶĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ͘/ŶƚŚĞĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚƌĐDWƉĂĐŬĂŐĞ͕ the parcels are represented as grey without outlines. Thus the borders between parcels are not visible. The end result is that the parcels form blocks.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 143 LAYERS DETAILS

ƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ Parcels within the Final 50 Task 2 study area. ^ŽƵƌĐĞ͗ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁϱ͘ŬŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚǇ͘ŐŽǀͬƐĚĐͬDĞƚĂĚĂƚĂ͘ĂƐƉǆ͍>ĂǇĞƌсƉĂƌĐĞů Notes: 1. Layer contains parcels from the King County parcel layer clipped to the Final 50 Task 2 study area. This dataset was heavily cleaned to remove parcels that were not relevant for ĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƉĂƌĐĞůƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƐĞĐƟŽŶƐŽĨǁĂƚĞƌĂŶĚƉĂƌĐĞůƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƟŶŐƌĂŝůƌŽĂĚ rights of way. 2. dŚŝƐƉĂƌĐĞůůĂǇĞƌŝƐƚŽďĞũŽŝŶĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂͺůĂŶĚƵƐĞ͘ĐƐǀƚĂďůĞĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞĚ ďĞůŽǁƐŽƚŚĂƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞĐůĂƐƐŝĮĐĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŐƌŽƐƐͬŶĞƚƐƋƵĂƌĞĨŽŽƚĂŐĞĐŽƵůĚďĞĚŝƐƉůĂǇĞĚĂƚ the parcel level. 3. dŚĞŵĂƉƉĂĐŬĂŐĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐŵƵůƟƉůĞĐŽƉŝĞƐŽĨƚŚŝƐůĂǇĞƌƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞƐ could be displayed separately.

dĂďůĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŶĞǆƚƉĂŐĞ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 144 LAYERS DETAILS

ƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂ 4. Fields: • K:d/ͺϭ͗hŶŝƋƵĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƵƐĞĚĨŽƌ'/^ŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ • ^ŚĂƉĞ͗ŐĞŽŵĞƚƌǇƚǇƉĞ͕ƵƐĞĚĨŽƌ'/^ŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐ • D:KZ͗ϲͲĚŝŐŝƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƐƚŽƌĞĚŝŶĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐƚƌŝŶŐĨŽƌŵĂƚ͘sĂůƵĞƐŵĂǇŚĂǀĞůĞĂĚŝŶŐ zeroes. • D/EKZ͗ϰͲĚŝŐŝƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƐƚŽƌĞĚŝŶĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌƐƚƌŝŶŐĨŽƌŵĂƚ͘sĂůƵĞƐŵĂǇŚĂǀĞůĞĂĚŝŶŐ zeroes. • W/E͗dŚĞWĂƌĐĞů/ĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶEƵŵďĞƌƵƐĞĚďǇ<ŝŶŐŽƵŶƚǇ͘dŚĞDĂũŽƌĂŶĚƚŚĞDŝŶŽƌ are combined into a 10-digit string with leading zeroes. Each parcel has a unique PIN. • W/EͺŶƵŵ͗ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞW/E͘dŚĞW/EĮĞůĚĂďŽǀĞŝƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚŝŶƐƚƌŝŶŐ format and can be only matched to another string variable. Because ArcGIS ĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇĐŽŶǀĞƌƚƐƚŚĞW/EŝŶƚŽĂŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĨŽƌŵĂƚǁŚĞŶĂ^sŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĞĚ͕ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐ ĨŽƌŵĂƚƐŽĨƚŚĞW/EĂƌĞƵƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌũŽŝŶŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞ^sĮůĞ͘dŚĞŵĂũŽƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶ W/EĂŶĚW/EͺŶƵŵŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞůĂƚĞƌůĂĐŬƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐǌĞƌŽĞƐ͘ • ^/d/͗hŶŝƋƵĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƵƐĞĚĨŽƌ'/^ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ • WƌĞƐĞŶƚƵƐĞ͗dŚĞŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĐŽĚĞŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŶŐƚŚĞƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞŽŶƚŚĞ parcel as determined by the King County tax assessor. • WƌĞƐĞŶƚƵͺϭ͗dŚĞƚĞǆƚŽĨƚŚĞƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůĂƐĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚ by the King County tax assessor. Corresponds to the numeric code in the presentuse ĮĞůĚ͘ • WƌĞƐĞŶƚͺϮ͗dŚĞƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞĚŝŶƚŽϰŐƌŽƵƉƐ͗ KĸĐĞ͕ZĞƐ;ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůͿ͕/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů͕ĂŶĚZĞƚĂŝůƚƌĂĚĞ͘ • ^ŚĂƉĞͺ>ĞŶŐƚŚ͗ůĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůŝŶůŝŶĞĂƌĨĞĞƚ͘ • ^ŚĂƉĞͺƌĞĂ͗ĂƌĞĂŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůŝŶƐƋƵĂƌĞĨĞĞƚ͘

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 145 LAYERS DETAILS

ƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂͺ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ landuse.csv ƉĂƌĐĞůͲůĞǀĞůƚĂďůĞƐƚŽƌĞĚĂƐĂ^sĮůĞ͘ŽŶƚĂŝŶƐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞ͕ǇĞĂƌŽĨƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ built on parcel, number of stories of building on parcel, gross square feet and net square feet.

^ŽƵƌĐĞƐ͗dŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂƐŚĂƉĞĮůĞůĂǇĞƌ;ĂďŽǀĞͿĂŶĚƚĂďůĞƐĨƌŽŵ<ŝŶŐŽƵŶƚǇƚĂǆ ĂƐƐĞƐƐŽƌƉĂƌĐĞůͲůĞǀĞůĚĂƚĂ;ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬŝŶĨŽ͘ŬŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚǇ͘ŐŽǀͬĂƐƐĞƐƐŽƌͬĂƚĂŽǁŶůŽĂĚͬĚĞĨĂƵůƚ͘ĂƐƉǆͿ͘ The following tax assessor tables were used: • Apartment Complex • Condo Complex • Commercial Building

dĂďůĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚŶĞǆƚƉĂŐĞ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 146 LAYERS DETAILS

ƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂͺ Notes: landuse.csv Fields from the various tables above were combined into one table. Fields for the condo ĂŶĚĂƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƚĂďůĞƐǁĞƌĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚďǇŚĂŶĚƚŽĐŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƚĞƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůǇĞĂƌďƵŝůƚĚĂƚĂĂŶĚ ŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƵŶŝƚƐ͘ • K:d/͗hŶŝƋƵĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌƵƐĞĚĨŽƌ'/^ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝŶŐ͘ • D:KZ͗WĂƌĐĞůŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌ͕ƵƉƚŽϲĚŝŐŝƚƐŝŶůĞŶŐƚŚ͕ƐƚŽƌĞĚŝŶŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĨŽƌŵĂƚ͘ŶĂůŽŐŽƵƐ ƚŽƚŚĞD:KZĮĞůĚŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂůĂǇĞƌĞǆĐĞƉƚŝƚŝƐŝŶŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĨŽƌŵĂƚ͘>ĂĐŬƐ leading zeroes. • D/EKZ͗WĂƌĐĞůŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƌ͕ƵƉƚŽϰĚŝŐŝƚƐŝŶůĞŶŐƚŚ͕ƐƚŽƌĞĚŝŶŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĨŽƌŵĂƚ͘ŶĂůŽŐŽƵƐ ƚŽƚŚĞD:KZĮĞůĚŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂůĂǇĞƌĞǆĐĞƉƚŝƚŝƐŝŶŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĨŽƌŵĂƚ͘>ĂĐŬƐ leading zeroes. • W/EͺŶƵŵ͗ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐǀĞƌƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞW/EĮĞůĚŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂůĂǇĞƌ͘dŚĞW/EĮĞůĚ in that layer is represented in string format and can be only matched to another string ǀĂƌŝĂďůĞ͘ĞĐĂƵƐĞƌĐ'/^ĂƵƚŽŵĂƟĐĂůůǇĐŽŶǀĞƌƚƐƚŚĞW/EŝŶƚŽĂŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĨŽƌŵĂƚǁŚĞŶĂ^s ŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĞĚ͕ŶƵŵĞƌŝĐĨŽƌŵĂƚƐŽĨƚŚĞW/EĂƌĞƵƐĞĨƵůĨŽƌũŽŝŶŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞ^sĮůĞƚŽƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞů ůĂǇĞƌ͘dŚĞŵĂũŽƌĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶW/EͺŶƵŵĂŶĚW/EŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĨŽƌŵĞƌůĂĐŬƐůĞĂĚŝŶŐ zeroes. • >hͺĚĞƐĐϮ͗dŚĞƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞĚŝŶƚŽϱŐƌŽƵƉƐ͗ ͚KĸĐĞ͕͚͛ZĞƐ͛;ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůͿ͕͚/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů͕͚͛ZĞƚĂŝůƚƌĂĚĞ͕͛ĂŶĚ͚KƚŚĞƌ͛͘ŶĂůŽŐŽƵƐƚŽƚŚĞ ƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƵͺϮŝŶƉĂƌĐĞůͺƐƚƵĚǇͺĂƌĞĂůĂǇĞƌ͘ • >hͺĚĞƐĐϯ͗dŚĞƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞĚŝŶƚŽϲŐƌŽƵƉƐ͗ ͚KĸĐĞ͕͚͛ZĞƐ͛;ƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůͿ͕͚/ŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĂů͕͚͛ZĞƚĂŝůƚƌĂĚĞ͕͚͛KƚŚĞƌ͕͛ĂŶĚ͚,ŽƚĞůŽƌŵŽƚĞů͛͘/ŶƚŚĞ >hͺĚĞƐĐϮĮĞůĚŚŽƚĞůƐĂŶĚŵŽƚĞůƐǁĞƌĞĐůĂƐƐŝĮĞĚĂƐ͚ZĞƐ͛͘ • Hotel: The predominant present land use on the parcel categorized into 2 groups: ‘Other’ and ‘Hotel or motel’. • Industrial: The predominant present land use on the parcel categorized into 2 groups: ‘Other’ and ‘Industrial’. • KĸĐĞ͗dŚĞƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞĚŝŶƚŽϮŐƌŽƵƉƐ͚͗KƚŚĞƌ͛ ĂŶĚ͚KĸĐĞ͛͘ • ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂů͗dŚĞƉƌĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚƉƌĞƐĞŶƚůĂŶĚƵƐĞŽŶƚŚĞƉĂƌĐĞůĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞĚŝŶƚŽϮŐƌŽƵƉƐ͗ ‘Other’ and ‘Res’. • Retail: The predominant present land use on the parcel categorized into 2 groups: ‘Other’ and ‘Hotel or motel’. • zĞĂƌͺďůƚ͗dŚĞǇĞĂƌƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞǁĂƐďƵŝůƚŽŶƉĂƌĐĞů͘ŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵĐŽŵͺǇƌďůƚĂŶĚ ƌĞƐͺǇƌďůƚĮĞůĚƐŝŶƐĂŵĞƚĂďůĞ͘tŚĞŶƉĂƌĐĞůƐĐŽŶƚĂŝŶĞĚǇĞĂƌďƵŝůƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĨŽƌďŽƚŚ ĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůĂŶĚƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƵƐĞƐƚŚĞŽůĚĞƐƚǇĞĂƌǁĂƐĐŚŽƐĞŶ͘ • ŽŵͺǇƌďůƚ͗dŚĞǇĞĂƌĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽŶƉĂƌĐĞůǁĂƐďƵŝůƚ͘ • ŽŵͺŶƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ͗EƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐƚŽƌŝĞƐŽĨĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽŶƉĂƌĐĞů͘ • Žŵͺ'ƌŽƐƐ^ƋŌ͗'ƌŽƐƐƐƋƵĂƌĞĨŽŽƚĂŐĞŽĨĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐŽŶƉĂƌĐĞů͘ • ŽŵͺEĞƚ^ƋŌ͗EĞƚƐƋƵĂƌĞĨŽŽƚĂŐĞŽĨĐŽŵŵĞƌĐŝĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƐŽŶƉĂƌĐĞů͘ • ŽŵƉůĞǆĞƐĐƌ͗dŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶĮĞůĚƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ<ƚĂǆĂƐƐĞƐƐŽƌĐŽŶĚŽĐŽŵƉůĞǆ ĂŶĚĂƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚĐŽŵƉůĞǆƚĂďůĞƐĐŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽŽŶĞĮĞůĚ͘ • ZĞƐͺǇƌďůƚ͗dŚĞǇĞĂƌƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞǁĂƐďƵŝůƚŽŶƉĂƌĐĞů͘ • ZĞƐͺŶƵŶŝƚƐ͗EƵŵďĞƌŽĨƵŶŝƚƐŽĨƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŽŶƉĂƌĐĞů͘

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 147 LAYERS DETAILS

^ƚƌĞĞƚͺEĞƚǁŽƌŬͺĂƚĂďĂƐĞ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ ^KdͲŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚůĂǇĞƌŽĨƐƚƌĞĞƚƐŝŶ^ĞĂƩůĞ͘

Source: ŚƩƉƐ͗ͬͬĚĂƚĂ͘ƐĞĂƩůĞ͘ŐŽǀͬĚĂƚĂƐĞƚͬ^ƚƌĞĞƚͲEĞƚǁŽƌŬͲĂƚĂďĂƐĞͬĂĮƉͲϮŵǌƌ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 148 LAYERS DETAILS

ǁƚƌďĚǇ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ Shows all water bodies within Puget Sound region.

Source: ŚƩƉ͗ͬͬǁǁǁϱ͘ŬŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚǇ͘ŐŽǀͬƐĚĐͬDĞƚĂĚĂƚĂ͘ĂƐƉǆ͍>ĂǇĞƌсǁƚƌďĚǇ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 149 LAYERS DETAILS

tŽƌůĚ/ŵĂŐĞƌǇ ĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶ͗ A satellite imagery layer.

Source: This layer is a standard feature of ArcGIS

Notes: dŽĚŝƐƉůĂǇƚŚŝƐůĂǇĞƌ͕ƚƵƌŶŽīƚŚĞǁƚƌďĚǇĂŶĚƉĂƌĐĞůůĂǇĞƌƐ͘

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 150 Map 1:/D\HUV7DVN%BVWDWHSODQH WRWDOBDUHD Base layer: wtrbdy, parcel, parcel_study_area

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 151 Map 2: Layers: alleys — whole study area Base layer: wtrbdy, parcel, parcel_study_area

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 152 Map 3: Layers: CVLZ_curbs — whole study area %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\SDUFHOSDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 153 Map 4: Layers: CVLZ_signs — whole study area %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\SDUFHOSDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 154 Map 5: Layers: parcel (displayed without borders to depict blocks) %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 155 Map 6: /D\HUVSDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD SDUFHO %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 156 Map 7: /D\HUVSDUFHO SDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD 7DEOHSDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHDBODQGXVHFVY)LHOG/8BGHVF %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 157 Map 8: /D\HUVSDUFHO SDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD Table: parcel_study_area_landuse.csv; Field: hotel %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 158 Map 9:/D\HUVSDUFHO SDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD Table: parcel_study_area_landuse.csv: Field: industrial %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 159 Map 10: /D\HUVSDUFHO SDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD 7DEOHSDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHDBODQGXVHFVY)LHOGRɝFH %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 160 Map 11: /D\HUVSDUFHO SDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD Table: parcel_study_area_landuse.csv; Field: residential %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 161 Map 12: /D\HUVSDUFHO SDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD Table: parcel_study_area_landuse.csv; Field: retail %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 162 Map 13: Layers: Street_Network_Database, Task2B_stateplane %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\SDUFHOSDUFHOBVWXG\BDUHD WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 163 Map 14:/D\HUVZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD %DVHOD\HUZWUEG\ WRWDOBDUHD

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 164 Map 15: /D\HUV:RUOGΖPDJHU\ 7DVN%BVWDWHSODQH Base layer: total_area

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 165 APPENDIX L – DATA DICTIONARY AND MAP COLLECTION

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 166 THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 167 APPENDIX M – DATA STRUCTURE DIAGRAM

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 168 THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 169 APPENDIX N – DATABASE VARIABLES DEFINITIONS

Table 1. 'DWDEDVHYDULDEOHVGHȴQLWLRQV

ddZ/hd KKD/E DESCRIPTION

<zͺ/ None Freight infrastructure ID.

WK/Edͺy In linear feet calculated X coordinate of the infrastructure access point from GIS coordinates. with ArcGIS WƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ^ǇƐƚĞŵ͗Eͺϭϵϴϯͺ,ZEͺ^ƚĂƚĞWůĂŶĞͺ tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶͺEŽƌƚŚͺ&/W^ͺϰϲϬϭͺ&ĞĞƚ ĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ͗ϭϬŌ͘ĂĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ

WK/Edͺz In linear feet calculated Y coordinate of the infrastructure access point from GIS coordinates. with ArcGIS WƌŽũĞĐƚĞĚŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞ^ǇƐƚĞŵ͗Eͺϭϵϴϯͺ,ZEͺ^ƚĂƚĞWůĂŶĞͺ tĂƐŚŝŶŐƚŽŶͺEŽƌƚŚͺ&/W^ͺϰϲϬϭͺ&ĞĞƚ ĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ͗ϭϬŌ͘ĂĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ

LONGITUDE In decimal degrees Longitude of the infrastructure access point from GIS coordinates calculated with ArcGIS tŽƌůĚ'ĞŽĚĞƟĐ^ǇƐƚĞŵ͗^ǇƐƚĞŵ͗'^ͺt'^ͺϭϵϴϰ ĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ͗ϭϬŌ͘ĂĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ

LATITUDE In decimal degrees cal- >ĂƟƚƵĚĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƉŽŝŶƚĨƌŽŵ'/^ĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƚĞƐ culated with ArcGIS tŽƌůĚ'ĞŽĚĞƟĐ^ǇƐƚĞŵ͗^ǇƐƚĞŵ͗'^ͺt'^ͺϭϵϴϰ ĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ͗ϭϬŌ͘ĂĐĐƵƌĂĐǇ

STREET None Infrastructure access point located on street. Name of the street from which the facility access is located. Infrastructure access point located on alleyway. Name of the street closest to where the facility access is located.

ZKͺdzW Alleyway, One way Type of public road for vehicles from where the facility may be Alleyway, Street accessed. Street: infrastructure access point is accessible from a street. ůůĞǇǁĂǇ: infrastructure access point is accessible from an alleyway. KŶĞǁĂǇĂůůĞǇǁĂǇ: infrastructure access point is accessible from ĂůůĞǇǁĂǇǁŝƚŚƐŝŐŶŝŶĚŝĐĂƟŶŐŽŶĞͲǁĂǇǀĞŚŝĐƵůĂƌŇŽǁ͘

>>zͺ/Z North to South, South dƌĂĸĐĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶŽĨŽŶĞͲǁĂǇĂůůĞǇǁĂǇ͘KƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ͕͞NA”. to North, East to West, West to East

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 170 ddZ/hd KKD/E DESCRIPTION

/E&ͺdzW Loading bay access, dǇƉĞŽĨĨƌĞŝŐŚƚŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ^ĞĞ^ĞĐƟŽŶϰ͘ĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐĨŽƌĂĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ Exterior loading dock, ĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐŽĨƚŚŝƐǀĂƌŝĂďůĞ͘ Exterior loading area, Not a loading bay, hŶĚĞĮŶĞĚ

CLEARANCE In feet >ŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞͬĞǆŝƚ: Clearance of vehicle entrance was collected ĨƌŽŵĐůĞĂƌĂŶĐĞƐŝŐŶƐĂƚƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶŽƌŝƚǁĂƐŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚĂƐƚŚĞǀĞƌƟĐĂů distance between the ground and upper inside border of the vehicle entrance. ǆƚĞƌŝŽƌůŽĂĚŝŶŐĚŽĐŬ: In the case of covered loading docks with ůŽĂĚŝŶŐƉůĂƞŽƌŵƐŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞĞǆƚĞƌŝŽƌǁĂůůƐŽĨƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͕ĐůĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ŝƐŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚĂƐƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƐƚǀĞƌƟĐĂůĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞŐƌŽƵŶĚĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞĐŽǀĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĞůŽĂĚŝŶŐƉůĂƞŽƌŵ͘ ǆƚĞƌŝŽƌůŽĂĚŝŶŐǌŽŶĞ: In the case of covered exterior loading zones, ĐůĞĂƌĂŶĐĞŝƐŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĚĂƐƚŚĞƐŵĂůůĞƐƚǀĞƌƟĐĂůĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞ ground and the structure covering the loading zone.

KKZͺt/d, In feet >ŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞͬĞǆŝƚ: The width is the measure door width of the vehicle entrance/exit. Otherwise “NA”.

s,ͺͺdzW Exit, Entrance, Entrance >ŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞͬĞǆŝƚ: The type of vehicle access. same as exit Otherwise, “NA”

EdZͺE'> Perpendicular, angled Loading bay entrance/exit with: ƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͕ĂŶŐůĞĚ භs,ͺͺdzWсEntrance: Entrance angle refers to the angle between ĐŽŶƚƌĂƌǇƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͕ ĂǀĞĐƚŽƌƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ ƉĂƌĂůůĞůƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͕ ŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂǀĞĐƚŽƌƉĂƌĂůůĞůƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁĨƌŽŵ Angled which the infrastructure is accessed. භs,ͺͺdzWсEntrance same as exit: Entrance angle refers to the angle between a vector perpendicular to the entrance towards the ƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂǀĞĐƚŽƌƉĂƌĂůůĞůƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐ ŇŽǁĨƌŽŵǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŝƐĂĐĐĞƐƐĞĚ͘ Exterior loading dock: ŶŐůĞ refers to the angle between a vector ƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞƉůĂŶĞŽĨƚŚĞůŽĂĚŝŶŐĚŽĐŬƉůĂƞŽƌŵƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞ ƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁĂŶĚĂǀĞĐƚŽƌƉĂƌĂůůĞůƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͘ EdZͺE'>сŶŐůĞĚƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐŽŶďŝͲĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂůůĞǇǁĂǇƐ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞĂŶŐůĞĐŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶƚƌĂƌǇŽƌƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͘ Otherwise, “NA”.

y/dͺE'> Perpendicular, angled &Žƌs,ͺͺdzWсExit: exit angle refers to the angle between a vector ƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͕ĂŶŐůĞĚ ƉĞƌƉĞŶĚŝĐƵůĂƌƚŽƚŚĞĞŶƚƌĂŶĐĞƚŽǁĂƌĚƐƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁŽƵƚƐŝĚĞƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚƌĂƌǇƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͕ ďƵŝůĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂǀĞĐƚŽƌƉĂƌĂůůĞůƚŽƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁĨƌŽŵǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǀĞŚŝĐůĞ angled exits the infrastructure. ŶŐůĞĚƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐŽŶďŝͲĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶĂůĂůůĞǇǁĂǇƐ͕ǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĞŶ- ƚƌĂŶĐĞĂŶŐůĞĐŽƵůĚďĞĐŽŶƚƌĂƌǇŽƌƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŇŽǁ͘ Otherwise, “NA”.

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 171 ddZ/hd KKD/E DESCRIPTION

EdZͺ/ None &Žƌs,ͺͺdzWсExit͗&Wͺ/ŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚŝŶŐůŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇ entrance/exit. Otherwise, “NA”

EͺDEhsZ Drive-in, back-in &Žƌs,ͺͺdzWсEntranceĂŶĚs,ͺͺdzWсEntrance and exit: Entrance maneuverability of trucks to enter loading bay. Otherwise, “NA”.

ͺ^ Physical barrier (e.g. Type of security measure used to access the facility. gate), access code, Access code͗ŬĞǇƉĂĚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚĐŽĚĞŵƵƐƚďĞŝŶƉƵƩĞĚƚŽĂĐĐĞƐƐĨĂĐŝůŝƚǇ͘ ƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ͕ŶŽ barrier. WĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ͗ĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĨĂĐŝůŝƚǇŐƌĂŶƚĞĚǀŝĂŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶǁŝƚŚĂ ŐĂƚĞŬĞĞƉĞƌƐƵĐŚĂƐĂŐƵĂƌĚŽƌƌĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŝƐƚ͘ No barrier: no barriers to access facility

SPACES None Total Number of Truck Spaces.

^W^ͺ> None Number of Truck Spaces with Loading Dock

K<ͺ>s Yes or No &Žƌ&Wͺ/с>ŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇŽƌ&Wͺ/сůŽĂĚŝŶŐĚŽĐŬ: Indicates the pres- ences or not of a dock leveler. Otherwise, “NA”

K<ͺ,/',d In feet &Žƌ&Wͺ/с>ŽĂĚŝŶŐďĂǇŽƌ&Wͺ/сůŽĂĚŝŶŐĚŽĐŬ: the height of ůŽĂĚŝŶŐĚŽĐŬƉůĂƞŽƌŵ͘ Otherwise, “NA”.

K^Zs None ^ƉĞĐŝĮĐŽďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 172 APPENDIX O – IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GEOLOCATING PRIVATE TRUCK LOAD/UNLOAD SPACES

1. Accuracy of GPS location records may improve if measures are put in place to remind data collectors to double check the device’s GPS recording accuracy. Moreover, existing databases such as the King County parcel database and the City of Seattle’s Building Outlines database could VXSSRUWWKHFROOHFWLRQRIJHRORFDWLRQVLQȴHOGWRIDFLOLWDWHWKHFRPELQDWLRQRIH[LVWLQJGDWDVHWV DQGWKHQHZO\FROOHFWHGGDWD'XULQJWKLVȴUVWGDWDFROOHFWLRQVWD΍EDVHGORFDWLRQGHFLVLRQVRQ Google Maps, which was not updated with detailed building information or parcel information. $VDUHVXOWQXPHURXVVXUYH\ORFDWLRQVKDGWREHDQDO\]HGDQGUHFWLȴHGLQRɝFHWRPDWFKWKH parcel and building outline datasets.

2. Datum transformation issues. The GPS device´s readings are in geographic coordinates that are referenced to a geographic coordinate system (GCS). A GCS includes an angular unit of measure, a prime meridian, and a datum that is based on a spheroid. In order to display and analyze these points in mapping software such as ArcGIS, however, they must be converted to a projected coordinate system (PCS). A PCS applies a mathematical transformation that converts spherical units of latitude/longitude to a planar x-y coordinate system, which is necessary for mapping the points. This conversion from a GCS to a PCS is called a geographic transformation, and multiple transformations may be required if the coordinate systems do not match at GL΍HUHQWVWHSVRIWKHGDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGDQDO\VLVSURFHVV7KHVHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQVLQWURGXFH error in the data and therefore should be minimized. In the case of SDOT, the preferred PCS is 1$'BB+$51B6WDWH3ODQHB:DVKLQJWRQB1RUWKB)Ζ36BB)HHW

3. Data processing issues. 'L΍HUHQWVRIWZDUHDSSOLFDWLRQVFDQEHXVHGWRPDNHWKHPRVW of the data collected. These applications may include, but are not limited to, R statistical VRIWZDUHSDFNDJH0LFURVRIW([FHODQG$UF*Ζ6(DFKRIWKHVHVRIWZDUHSDFNDJHVKDYHGL΍HUHQW UHTXLUHPHQWVWKDWDPRQJRWKHUWKLQJVD΍HFWWKHGDWDIRUPDWWLQJΖIWKHVHGLVFUHSDQFLHVDPRQJ VRIWZDUHSDFNDJHVDUHQRWFRQVLGHUHGWKHUHVXOWPD\EHDVLJQLȴFDQWORVVRILQIRUPDWLRQVXFKDV truncated coordinate values or misrepresentation of missing values.

4. A more systematic data collection quality control. A more participatory data quality control SURFHVVPD\LPSURYHUHVRXUFHDOORFDWLRQLQIXWXUHGDWDFROOHFWLRQH΍RUWV7KLVLPSURYHGSURFHVV should include ongoing quality control checks by data collectors in a systematic way, so that the data cleaning tasks are less burdensome and do not rely on the supervisors. Future data structures and data collection procedures may consider complementary data quality control FKHFNVE\GL΍HUHQWVWD΍VRWKDWHUURUVDUHVSRWWHGDQGFRUUHFWHGZLWKRXWDFFXPXODWLQJ

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 173 5. Consider the possibility of new types of loading facilities. Private freight infrastructure was surprisingly varied. Although the typology does a thorough job of explaining the cases observed, VRPHȵH[LELOLW\LQWKHGDWDVWUXFWXUHVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGLQIXWXUHGDWDFROOHFWLRQVWRDOORZIRU new facility types.

6. 'HȴQHPRUHSUHFLVHDFFHVVVHFXULW\PHDVXUHV The vast majority of the private freight infrastructure surveyed is privately owned and is commonly used to store and handle valuable goods. This leads to a complex environment of private spaces that must be accessible while UHPDLQLQJVHFXUH)XWXUHGDWDFROOHFWLRQVKRXOGPRUHSUHFLVHO\GHȴQHDFFHVVEDUULHUVVXFKDV outdoor property gates, that may limit access to the facility. These were not originally considered part of the data collection due to the complexity of building spaces.

7. &RQVWUXFWDFDUULHUVXUYH\PRUHHɝFLHQWO\ The research team’s survey of UPS drivers proved to be a remarkable success in terms of cooperation with the private sector to understand the freight system. The development of future carrier surveys should be based on tools that automate the transfer of information from the database to standard survey questionnaires to PDNHWKHSURFHVVPRUHHɝFLHQW&DQGLGDWHWRROVIRUWKLVWDVNLQFOXGH$FFHVVDQG/DWH[

8. Better collect and report pictures. Visuals proved to be an excellent tool for data quality control and reporting purposes. However, some pictures showed inconsistent angles and were not helpful. Stronger guidelines should be developed to help data collectors take better pictures in WKHȴHOGWRDFFXUDWHO\LQIRUPORFDWLRQLGHQWLȴFDWLRQVKDUHDQGHDVLO\VWRUHDOOSKRWRVWDNHQDQG UHWULHYHSKRWRVZLWKDQLGHQWLȴFDWLRQV\VWHP

THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 174 THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 175 THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 176