DOCSLIB.ORG

[Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
[Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight] Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight January 2020 A research report from University of California Institute of Transportation Studies Miguel Jaller, Associate Professor Carlos Otero, Ph.D. Student Elham Pourrahmani, Ph.D. Student Lew Fulton, Director, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. PSR-UCD-18-24 N/A N/A 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight January 31, 2020 6. Performing Organization Code N/A 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Miguel Jaller, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-750X UCD-ITS-RR-20-24 Carlos Otero, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-0918 Elham Pourrahmani, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0155-813X Lew Fulton, PhD https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8292-3420 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. University of California, Davis N/A Institute of Transportation Studies 11. Contract or Grant No. 1605 Tilia Street, Suite 100 Caltrans 65A0674 Task Order 009 Davis, CA 95616 USDOT Grant 69A3551747109 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered California Department of Transportation Final Report (Feb 2019–Jan 2020) Division of Research, Innovation and System Information, MS-83 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 1727 30th Street, Sacramento, CA 95816 USDOT OST-R 15. Supplementary Notes DOI: https://doi.org/10.7922/G2RV0KZB 16. Abstract Understanding the potential benefits and unintended consequences of automation and electrification revolutions in freight is challenging for academics, practitioners, and decision-makers. On one hand, these revolutions could help mitigate the disproportionate impacts of freight transportation on externalities and improve efficiency; on the other hand, they could generate additional issues such as right-of-way conflicts, crashes, and traffic incidents. To shed light on these issues, this report conducts an extensive review of the state-of-the-practice of such innovations for both long-haul and last-mile freight distribution. The study concentrates on the potential barriers, challenges, and opportunities of the different innovations, and discusses the market readiness of some of the technologies. Finally, the authors discuss planning considerations for the advent and widespread use of these innovations, and provide research and policy considerations. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Freight transportation No restrictions. 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 82 N/A Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized [Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight] Contents About the Pacific Southwest Region University Transportation Center ........................................ 4 U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Disclaimer ............................................................... 5 California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) Disclaimer ................................................. 5 Disclosure ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... 5 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 7 1. Introduction and background .................................................................................................. 9 2. Potential of the 3Rs in Freight Transportation ...................................................................... 11 2.1 Electrification ................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Automation ................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Shared Mobility: Crowdshipping .................................................................................. 13 2.4 The 3Rs’ Technologies: Strengths and Limitations ....................................................... 14 3. The leaders of the last-mile electrification and automation ................................................. 16 3.1 Long-haul Electrification and Automation Developments ........................................... 16 3.2 Last-mile Electrification and Automation Developments and Alternatives ................. 18 3.3 Crowdshipping: State-of-the-Practice .......................................................................... 20 4. Challenges and Opportunities for the 3Rs in Freight ............................................................ 23 4.1 All-electric Vans, Medium and Heavy-duty Trucks. ...................................................... 23 4.2 Electric Cargo Bikes ....................................................................................................... 25 4.3 AMRs ............................................................................................................................. 26 4.4 Drones ........................................................................................................................... 27 4.5 Autonomous Vans and Trucks ...................................................................................... 27 4.6 Role of Electrification and Automation in Logistics and Industry 4.0 ........................... 31 5. Fostering the 3Rs in Freight ................................................................................................... 33 5.1 Research ........................................................................................................................ 33 5.2 Policy and regulation alignment ................................................................................... 33 5.3 Governmental Support ................................................................................................. 34 5.4 Summary and Discussion .............................................................................................. 36 2 [Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight] 6. Conclusions and Final insights ............................................................................................... 40 7. References ............................................................................................................................. 43 Data Management Plan ................................................................................................................ 49 Appendix A. Long-haul Automation & Electrification Developments .......................................... 50 Appendix B. Last-mile Automation & Electrification Developments ............................................ 56 Appendix C. Regulations on drones in the U.S. ............................................................................ 65 Appendix D. Regulations on AMRs in the U.S. .............................................................................. 66 Appendix E. Regulations on electric bikes in U.S. ......................................................................... 67 Appendix F. Regulations on autonomous vehicles in the U.S. ..................................................... 71 Appendix G. Crowdshipping Initiatives ......................................................................................... 77 3 [Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight] About the Pacific Southwest Region University Transportation Center The Pacific Southwest Region University Transportation Center (UTC) is the Region 9 University Transportation Center funded under the US Department of Transportation’s University Transportation Centers Program. Established in 2016, the Pacific Southwest Region UTC (PSR) is led by the University of Southern California and includes seven partners: Long Beach State University; University of California, Davis; University of California, Irvine; University of California, Los Angeles; University of Hawaii; Northern Arizona University; Pima Community College. The Pacific Southwest Region UTC conducts an integrated, multidisciplinary program of research, education and technology transfer aimed at improving the mobility of people and goods throughout the region. Our program is organized around four themes: 1) technology to address transportation problems and improve mobility; 2) improving mobility for vulnerable populations; 3) improving resilience and protecting the environment; and 4) managing mobility in high growth areas. 4 [Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight] U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated in the interest of information exchange. The report is funded, partially or entirely, by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s University Transportation Centers Program. However, the U.S. Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Rise of the Sharing Economy Impact on the Transportation Space
    The rise of the sharing economy Impact on the transportation space In a world of shared assets, changing economics and customer preferences are increasingly driving transportation players not to go it alone. In only a few short years, the sharing economy has become gain a broader user base, pricing may become more a ubiquitous concept. As recently noted in the Wall Street transparent and assets more fungible between traditional Journal, “there’s an Uber for everything now,” ranging from market verticals. This could allow players to expand beyond Shyp, which uses a network of individual providers to pick their traditional lines of business to offer adjacent services, up, pack and ship items using their own cars, to Zeel, which without having to do it the old fashioned way: investing taps a network of independent licensed therapists to offer huge sums of capital to build capabilities and acquire customers same-day, in-home massages.1 While mobile companies. It seems the sharing economy has the power apps have facilitated this type of collaborative consumption, to bring not only customers but also competitors closer changing consumer preferences may be the biggest together. indicator that the sharing economy is here to stay. Younger Indeed, any industry could potentially benefit from, or people in particular embrace the core idea of eschewing be disrupted by, the rise of collaborative consumption and individual ownership, and its accompanying higher costs, in the proliferation of asset-sharing models. However, due favor of on-demand access to a flexible, lower-cost network to its natural fragmentation and asset intensity, the sharing of shared assets or service providers.2 And, these younger economy is especially relevant to core transportation consumers may have more and more networks to choose companies as well as to heavy users of transportation from as pure-play technology companies continue to enter services.
    [Show full text]
  • The Final 50 Feet Urban Goods Delivery System
    Seattle Department of Transportation THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project FINAL REPORT January 19, 2018 University of Washington Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Center Urban Freight Lab 111 Wilson Ceramic Lab Box 352700 Seattle, WA 98195-2700 CONTENTS /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ .............................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1 —Industry Sector Research Scan .............................................................6 The Growth of E-Commerce: Moving More Goods, More Quickly ...........................................8 KŶůŝŶĞƐŚŽƉƉĞƌƐ͛ĞdžƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽƌŝƐŝŶŐ ...................................................... 10 Urban Goods Delivery Firms Must Provide Fast and Reliable Delivery Times ........................ 13 dŚƌĞĞWĂƌĐĞůŽŵƉĂŶLJWƌŽĮůĞƐ͗/ŶǀĞƐƟŶŐŝŶ'ƌŽǁƚŚ ........................................................... 13 New Technologies Are Transforming the Urban Goods Delivery System ............................... 16 /ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚǀŝƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŽĨĂƐƐĞƚƐ ................................................................................................. 16 ^ŚĂƌĞĚͲƵƐĞŵŽďŝůŝƚLJ͗ƐƚĂƌƚͲƵƉƐŝŶƚŚĞĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĐĞůĚĞůŝǀĞƌLJƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ........................... 17 ůŽƵĚďĂƐĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚŽƉĞŶ͕ƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞĚĂƚĂ ................................................................... 18 ^ŵĂƌƚWĂƌŬŝŶŐ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ....................................................................................................... 19 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϮͲhƌďĂŶ'ŽŽĚƐĞůŝǀĞƌLJWƌŽĮůĞƐĨŽƌWƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ
    [Show full text]
  • Observatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban
    Observatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban Logistics (2017 version) Laetitia Dablanc, Zeting Liu, Martin Koning, Jens Klauenberg, Leise Kelli de Oliveira, Corinne Blanquart, François Combes, Nicolas Coulombel, Mathieu Gardrat, Adeline Heitz, et al. To cite this version: Laetitia Dablanc, Zeting Liu, Martin Koning, Jens Klauenberg, Leise Kelli de Oliveira, et al.. Ob- servatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban Logistics (2017 version). [Research Report] IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l’Aménagement et des Réseaux. 2017, 221p. hal-01627824 HAL Id: hal-01627824 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01627824 Submitted on 2 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. EUROPEAN COMMISSION INNOVATION and NETWORKS EXECUTIVE AGENCY HORIZON 2020 PROGRAMME for RESEARCH and INNOVATION Reducing impacts and costs of freight and service trips in urban areas (Topic: MG-5.2-2014) Grant agreement no: 635898 Deliverable 2.1 CITYLAB Observatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban Logistics (2017 version) D.2.1 – CITYLAB Observatory of Strategic Developments Impacting Urban Logistics (2017) 1 CITYLAB – City Logistics in Living Laboratories Disclaimer This document reflects the views of the author(s) and does not necessarily reflect the views or policy of the European Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon Tests Uber-Like Service for Deliveries 29 September 2015, Bymae Anderson
    Amazon tests Uber-like service for deliveries 29 September 2015, byMae Anderson Indianapolis, Atlanta, and Portland. Amazon has been expanding its Prime Now service for members of its $99 annual Prime loyalty program. The service delivers a wide range of items including paper towels, wine and beer (in Seattle only), chilled and frozen items like milk and ice cream and televisions and Kindle device in one or two hours. Two-hour delivery is free and one- hour delivery is available for $7.99. It now offers Prime Now in 11 cities with across the country with plans to roll out to more. On its website, Amazon said currently it's only offering the program to drivers, but in the future it Amazon launched its Flex webpage seeking people to might let people bike or walk the packages to their deliver packages on a contract basis, saying it can destination. produce earnings of $18 to $25 an hour Shares of Amazon.com Inc. fell $7.99 to $496.07. Its shares are up 54 percent from a year ago. Amazon is testing an Uber-like service for © 2015 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. delivering its one-hour Prime Now packages that will enlist people to deliver packages for Amazon with their own cars. In order to offer the speedy deliveries Amazon will pay drivers $18 to $25 an hour via its new Amazon Flex program. The move comes before the bustlingly busy November and December holiday shopping period. And it comes as startup on-demand delivery services such as Postmates and Shyp proliferate.
    [Show full text]
  • Echo Global Logistics Vs. Groupon Hype
    Disclaimer This research presentation expresses our research opinions, which we have based upon interpretation of certain facts and observations, all of which are based upon publicly available information, and all of which are set out in this research presentation report. Any investment involves substantial risks, including complete loss of capital. Any forecasts or estimates are for illustrative purpose only and should not be taken as limitations of the maximum possible loss or gain. Any information contained in this report may include forward looking statements, expectations, pro forma analyses, estimates, and projections. You should assume these types of statements, expectations, pro forma analyses, estimates, and projections may turn out to be incorrect for reasons beyond Spruce Point Capital Management LLC’s control. This is not investment or accounting advice nor should it be construed as such. Use of Spruce Point Capital Management LLC’s research is at your own risk. You should do your own research and due diligence before making any investment decision with respect to securities covered herein. All figures assumed to be in US Dollars, unless specified otherwise. You should assume that as of the publication date of any presentation, report or letter, Spruce Point Capital Management LLC (possibly along with or through our members, partners, affiliates, employees, and/or consultants) along with our subscribers and clients has a short position in all stocks (and/or are long puts/short call options of the stock) covered herein, including without limitation Echo Global Logistics, Inc. (“ECHO”), and therefore stand to realize significant gains in the event that the price of its stock declines.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning for Shared Mobility
    PAS REPORTPAS 583 P LANNING FOR SHARED MOBILITY American Planning Association 205 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1200 Chicago, IL 60601-5927 planning.org | Cohen and Shaheen and Cohen PAS REPORT 5 8 3 A MERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION PLANNING FOR SHARED MOBILITY Adam Cohen and Susan Shaheen POWER TOOLS ABOUT THE AUTHORS APA RESEARCH MISSION Adam Cohen is a shared mobility researcher at the Transporta- tion Sustainability Research Center at the University of California, APA conducts applied, policy-relevant research Berkeley. Since joining the group in 2004, his research has focused that advances the state of the art in planning on shared mobility and emerging technologies. He has coauthored practice. APA’s National Centers for Plan- numerous articles and reports on shared mobility in peer-reviewed ning—the Green Community Research Center, journals and conference proceedings. His academic background is the Hazards Planning Research Center, and the in city and regional planning and international affairs. Planning and Community Health Research PAS SUBSCRIBERS GET EVERY NEW PAS REPORT, PLUS Center—guide and advance a research direc- Susan Shaheen is an adjunct professor in the Department of Civil THESE RESOURCES FOR EVERYONE IN THE OFFICE TO SHARE tive that addresses important societal issues. and Environmental Engineering and a research engineer with the APA’s research, education, and advocacy pro- Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, grams help planners create communities of Berkeley. She is also co-director of the Transportation Sustainabil- PAS Reports Archive PAS QuickNotes lasting value by developing and disseminating ity Research Center at UC Berkeley. She was the policy and behav- Free online access for subscribers Bite-size backgrounders on planning basics information, tools, and applications for built ioral research program leader at California Partners for Advanced and natural environments.
    [Show full text]
  • How Should We Tax the Sharing Economy?
    REPORT 10.24.18 How Should We Tax the Sharing Economy? Joyce Beebe, Ph.D., Fellow, Center for Public Finance Walking out of the airport lobby and getting TaskRabbit, “taskers” who perform work set into an Uber car booked through an app on their own hourly rates, whereas Uber sets a smartphone, hiring a handyman through prices centrally. Whether a service provider the TaskRabbit website to repair a leaking has an occupational license in the industry kitchen sink, searching vacation rental he works in is also not a deciding factor, accommodations on Airbnb—none of these since not all industries have such licensing functions was possible a decade ago. Yet requirements. today, with the development and growth To add to the complexity in defining of the sharing economy—which includes a this emerging sector, many research number of mostly online enterprises that studies use the term “sharing economy” match service providers with clients—these interchangeably with gig economy, are common transactions. This report reviews peer economy, collaborative economy, key federal tax considerations for companies on-demand economy, matching economy, There is no clear and workers as the sharing economy access economy, or platform economy.1 A boundary as to what becomes more prevalent. few common definitions are summarized the sharing economy below. All definitions include the typical ride-hailing and home-sharing websites like encompasses. All WHAT IS THE SHARING ECONOMY? Uber and Airbnb, but they differ in whether definitions include the they include two other types of business typical ride-hailing Although many associate Uber, Airbnb, models: peer-to-peer sales and platform and TaskRabbit with the sharing economy, and home-sharing ownership of assets.
    [Show full text]
  • April Article
    April Article Shyp: Behind the Packaging of a New Reality Recently named one of the world´s portion is the lowest rate across competitors would be Roadie and 50 most innovative businesses by major carriers of the likes of FedEx, Shipster. Roadie has the downside Fast Company Magazine, Shyp has UPS and USPS. In essence, the of not being able to offer been an influential force in surcharge for delegating the hassle specialized couriers since it hires a completely revamping the entire of packing, standing in line or willing and conveniently located process by which items are waiting for an order label is 5P+I. individual within the vicinity of the transported across the globe. The Considering the prominence of e- order while Shipster is essentially startup was founded in 2013 in commerce and the chaotically filled Shyp´s younger and smaller San Francisco by a trailblazing trio day many workers face on a daily brother. of tech-savvy entrepreneurs: Kevin basis, spending at most USD 30 per Gibbon (CEO), Jack Smith and package is not only appealing as it Like all startups, Shyp has seen its Joshua Scott. The dream is to saves an appreciable amount of fair share of challenges but has become “the new global standard time but also irresistibly tempting as been quite successful in overcoming in shipping” by stamping out the it adds a very scarce resource to most of them. The privately owned drudgery of packing, queuing, and current quotidian life: simplicity. company´s main difficulty arose in cross-checking carrier rates for the From Shyp´s perspective, charging the Miami market where it was best deal.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Chicago Transaction and Message
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO TRANSACTION AND MESSAGE: FROM DATABASE TO MARKETPLACE, 1970-2000 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY BY MICHAEL C. CASTELLE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures iii List of Tables v List of Abbreviations vi Acknowledgements ix Abstract xi Chapter 1. Theoretical Foundations for Social Studies of Computing 1 Chapter 2. Computing in Organizations: Electronic Data Processing 32 and the Relational Model Chapter 3. The Transaction Abstraction: From the Paperwork Crisis 69 to Black Monday Chapter 4. Brokers, Queues, and Flows: Techniques of 127 Financialization and Consolidation Chapter 5. Where Do Electronic Markets Come From? 186 Chapter 6. The Platform as Exchange 219 References 240 ii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Peirce’s sign-systems. 22 Figure 2. Date and Codd’s diagrammatic comparison of the logical 51 views of a relational database and of a network database Figure 3. Date’s depiction of the Codasyl DBTG network model. 53 Figure 4. From “Generalization: Key to Successful Electronic Data 57 Processing”. Figure 5. A B-tree index for a relation using an integer primary key, 58 as used in the System R relational database. Figure 6. Diagram depicting the dynamic re-balancing of a B-tree upon 59 inserting the value ’9’ into a full leaf. Figure 7. Charles T. Davies’ early transaction abstraction. 66 Figure 8. Jim Gray’s transactions. 66 Figure 9. New York Stock Exchange trading volume, 1970-2005. 68 Figure 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Making the Last Mile Pay
    Consumer Products and Retail the way we see it Making the last mile pay Balancing customer expectations and commercial reality Executive summary One of the biggest tests of agility for the consumer products and retail industries currently is last-mile delivery and associated services (e.g. returns). These services are now so pivotal to the customer experience that they are determining brand choices as never before. Achievements in getting products efficiently to the warehouse now need to be matched by equivalent improvements in getting goods to (and from) consumers. It is a challenge that has been seized widely and zealously. Such is the level of competition among retailers and logistics companies to ‘go one better’ that consumers have become spoiled by the available options. Next-day home deliveries, once the pride of Internet sellers, are now expected as a given. To differentiate anew, leaders have had to up their game with same-day or ‘on-demand’ services - from drone deliveries to advanced ‘click and collect’ options using nearby convenience stores, intelligent lockers in underground train networks, and even drop-offs to consumers’ cars. But all of this responsiveness and customer-centricity comes at a high price. Consumer research suggests that although customers expect their increasingly demanding needs to be met, they are not prepared to pay more for the improved level of service. Rather, it is down to the suppliers to earn their business by keeping up with the market. This presents retailers with an almost impossible challenge. If they cannot match their competitors and satisfy consumers’ soaring expectations, they will lose business.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of an Alternative Transportation Service for E-Commerce Deliveries
    Development of an alternative transportation service for e-commerce deliveries João Peliteiro Coutinho Master’s Dissertation Supervisor: Prof. Eduardo Gil da Costa Master in Industrial Engineering and Management 2018-07-02 Development of an alternative transportation service for e-commerce deliveries “Life is not accumulation, it is about contribution.” Stephen Covey ii Development of an alternative transportation service for e-commerce deliveries Abstract This report is part of a Master's thesis of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, held in the e-commerce department of Rangel & Distribuição Logística. The challenge posed is related to the last mile delivery - the last stage in the transport of an order until it arrives at the final destination - of Business to Consumer (B2C) orders from e-commerce. The company intends to offer a B2C delivery service that increases customer satisfaction and differentiates from the competition. Therefore, a theoretical study was made regarding the themes of e-commerce and last mile delivery that indicate its main trends these days, as well as a benchmarking of the companies that work in these segments. The study allowed concluding that a service with enormous potential for Rangel in this segment would be the deliveries made on the same day of purchase, the "Same Day" service. Two days were spent with the driver of the city of Porto to understand closely the inefficiencies of the B2C network, which is currently integrated into the Business-to-Business (B2B) network. Then, in order to perceive the relevance of the Same Day service in the Portuguese market, three online stores and two courier companies were interviewed, and a survey was also launched at FEUP, which obtained 216 responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Association for Postal Commerce
    Association for Postal Commerce "Representing those who use or support the use of mail for Business Communication and Commerce" "You will be able to enjoy only those postal rights you believe are worth defending." 1800 Diagonal Rd., Ste 320 * Alexandria, VA 22314-2862 * Ph.: +1 703 524 0096 * Fax: +1 703 997 2414 Postal News for May 2015 May 31, 2015 Domestic Postal News Washington Post: Six years after the end of the Great Recession, Americans are startlingly anxious about their economic prospects. Th in a way that suggests that the consumer psychology may have fundamentally changed, with people less willing to spend than they wer economic prosperity. Government data released Friday showed that the economy shrank at a 0.7 percent annual rate between January an consumers pulled back on spending. The disappointing numbers interrupted a steady clip of positive economic news that many analysts nation was on the verge of liftoff. Although the United States faces other headwinds, the newfound prudence of American consumers h core economic dilemma. Some economists say that the recession caused a psychological trauma deeper than initially appreciated, leavin willing to inject their money back into the economy in the form of vacations, clothing and nights out. PoliticsUSA: Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) won another victory in the battle against privatizing mail d has quietly backed off of a plan to close 82 mail processing plants. WDBJ: The U.S. Postal Service cited "operational considerations," and the need to ensure "prompt, reliable and predictable service," w delay its consolidation plan. A local union leader says the facility in Greensboro that was slated to process Roanoke's mail cannot hand Cooper is the President of American Postal Workers Union Local 482.
    [Show full text]