Seattle Department of Transportation THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project FINAL REPORT January 19, 2018 University of Washington Supply Chain Transportation and Logistics Center Urban Freight Lab 111 Wilson Ceramic Lab Box 352700 Seattle, WA 98195-2700 CONTENTS /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ .............................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1 —Industry Sector Research Scan .............................................................6 The Growth of E-Commerce: Moving More Goods, More Quickly ...........................................8 KŶůŝŶĞƐŚŽƉƉĞƌƐ͛ĞdžƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽƌŝƐŝŶŐ ...................................................... 10 Urban Goods Delivery Firms Must Provide Fast and Reliable Delivery Times ........................ 13 dŚƌĞĞWĂƌĐĞůŽŵƉĂŶLJWƌŽĮůĞƐ͗/ŶǀĞƐƟŶŐŝŶ'ƌŽǁƚŚ ........................................................... 13 New Technologies Are Transforming the Urban Goods Delivery System ............................... 16 /ŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚǀŝƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŽĨĂƐƐĞƚƐ ................................................................................................. 16 ^ŚĂƌĞĚͲƵƐĞŵŽďŝůŝƚLJ͗ƐƚĂƌƚͲƵƉƐŝŶƚŚĞĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĂŶĚƉĂƌĐĞůĚĞůŝǀĞƌLJƐĞĐƚŽƌƐ ........................... 17 ůŽƵĚďĂƐĞĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂŶĚŽƉĞŶ͕ƌĞĂůͲƟŵĞĚĂƚĂ ................................................................... 18 ^ŵĂƌƚWĂƌŬŝŶŐ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ....................................................................................................... 19 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϮͲhƌďĂŶ'ŽŽĚƐĞůŝǀĞƌLJWƌŽĮůĞƐĨŽƌWƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ....................... 23 /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ............................................................................................................................ 24 'ŽĂůƐ ..................................................................................................................................... 25 DĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ ........................................................................................................................ 25 ^ĞůĞĐƟŽŶŽĨ&ŝǀĞWƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ .................................................................................... 25 ƵŝůĚŝŶŐKƉƟŽŶƐŝŶŽǁŶƚŽǁŶ^ĞĂƩůĞ ................................................................................. 25 KďƚĂŝŶŝŶŐWĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵƵŝůĚŝŶŐDĂŶĂŐĞƌƐ .................................................................... 28 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶWůĂŶŶŝŶŐ ...................................................................................................... 28 /ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůZĞǀŝĞǁŽĂƌĚƐ;/ZͿdžĞŵƉƟŽŶ ........................................................................ 29 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶŝŶ/K^ ........................................................................................ 29 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞ ...................................................................................................... 32 ĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶWƌŽĐĞƐƐ ........................................................................................................ 33 KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͗^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ .............................................................................. 33 ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͗ĞdžƚĞƌ,ŽƌƚŽŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ .......................................................................... 38 ,ŽƚĞů͗&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů ..................................................................................................... 42 ^ŚŽƉƉŝŶŐDĂůů͗tĞƐƚůĂŬĞDĂůůͬdŽǁĞƌ ................................................................................... 46 ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůdŽǁĞƌ͗/ŶƐŝŐŶŝĂdŽǁĞƌ ......................................................................................... 52 Process Flow Map ................................................................................................................... 56 THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 2 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϯ͗WƌŝǀĂƚĞ>ŽĂĚŝŶŐ&ĂĐŝůŝƟĞƐ/ŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJ ...................................................... 59 /ŶƚƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ .......................................................................................................................... 60 'ŽĂůƐ ..................................................................................................................................... 60 DĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐLJ ........................................................................................................................ 60 Mapping the City’s Private Freight Infrastructure .................................................................. 61 ^ƚĞƉϭ͘ŽůůĞĐƚdžŝƐƟŶŐĂƚĂ ................................................................................................. 61 ^ƚĞƉϮ͘ĞǀĞůŽƉ^ƵƌǀĞLJƚŽŽůůĞĐƚ&ƌĞŝŐŚƚĂLJĂŶĚ>ŽĂĚŝŶŐŽĐŬĂƚĂ ................................ 62 >ŝƚĞƌĂƚƵƌĞZĞǀŝĞǁ .................................................................................................................. 62 ^ƵƌǀĞLJĞƐŝŐŶĂŶĚWŝůŽƚ^ƵƌǀĞLJ ............................................................................................. 64 &ŝŶĂů^ƵƌǀĞLJ&Žƌŵ ................................................................................................................. 65 ĂƚĂĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ .......................................................................................................... 65 ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨĂĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶƉƉ ................................................................................. 65 ZĞĐƌƵŝƟŶŐĂŶĚdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶdĞĂŵ ................................................................ 65 ŽŶĚƵĐƟŶŐƚŚĞ^ƵƌǀĞLJ .......................................................................................................... 66 DƵůƟͲ>ĂLJĞƌŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚ^ƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐ .................................................................... 66 YƵĂůŝƚLJŽŶƚƌŽů ..................................................................................................................... 67 Database Structure ................................................................................................................. 68 ĂƚĂďĂƐĞ^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞŝĂŐƌĂŵ ................................................................................................ 68 dLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨĞůŝǀĞƌLJ/ŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ...................................................................................... 68 ĂƚĂŝĐƟŽŶĂƌLJ ..................................................................................................................... 71 &ŝŶĚŝŶŐƐĂŶĚ&ƵƚƵƌĞZĞƐĞĂƌĐŚ ............................................................................... 72 ZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ........................................................................................................... 74 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϭZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ............................................................................................................ 74 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϮZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ............................................................................................................ 78 ŚĂƉƚĞƌϯZĞĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ ............................................................................................................ 78 ƉƉĞŶĚŝdžʹWƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJKďƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐŽŶƚŚĞWƌŽƚŽƚLJƉĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ ..................... 79 1. Hotels ................................................................................................................................ 80 ϭ͘ϭ&ĂŝƌŵŽŶƚ,ŽƚĞů ............................................................................................................... 80 ϭ͘Ϯ&ŽƵƌ^ĞĂƐŽŶƐ,ŽƚĞů ........................................................................................................ 81 ϭ͘ϯtĞƐƟŶ^ĞĂƩůĞ ................................................................................................................ 82 2. Historic Buildings ............................................................................................................... 83 Ϯ͘ϭ/ŶƚĞƌƵƌďĂŶƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ........................................................................................................ 83 Ϯ͘ϮĂĨĠWĂůŽŵĂ ................................................................................................................... 84 THE FINAL 50 FEET URBAN GOODS DELIVERY SYSTEM Research Scan and Data Collection Project 3 ϯ͘ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƟĂůdŽǁĞƌƐ .............................................................................................................. 85 ϯ͘ϭ͘/ŶƐŝŐŶĂďLJŽƐĂ ............................................................................................................. 85 ϯ͘ϮƐƉŝƌĂƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚ .......................................................................................................... 86 ϰ͘KĸĐĞƵŝůĚŝŶŐƐ .................................................................................................................. 87 ϰ͘ϭ͘^ĞĂƩůĞDƵŶŝĐŝƉĂůdŽǁĞƌ................................................................................................ 87 ϰ͘Ϯ͘ŽůƵŵďŝĂĞŶƚĞƌ ........................................................................................................... 88 ϰ͘ϯϱϮϬWŝŬĞdŽǁĞƌ ............................................................................................................... 89 5. Retail Buildings .................................................................................................................. 90 ϱ͘ϭWĂĐŝĮĐWůĂĐĞ ................................................................................................................... 90 ϱ͘Ϯ͘tĞƐƚůĂŬĞ^ŚŽƉƉŝŶŐĞŶƚĞƌ ............................................................................................ 91 ƉƉĞŶĚŝdžʹ^ĂŵƉůĞEŽƟĮĐĂƟŽŶ>ĞƩĞƌƚŽĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ...............................................92 ƉƉĞŶĚŝdžʹ>ĞƩĞƌĨƌŽŵƚŚĞ/ŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂůZĞǀŝĞǁŽĂƌĚ .......................................93 ƉƉĞŶĚŝdžʹĞƚĂŝůĞĚ^ĐŚĞĚƵůĞĨŽƌĂƚĂŽůůĞĐƟŽŶĨŽƌ ƌĞĂƟŶŐĞůŝǀĞƌLJWƌŽĮůĞƐ ......................................................................................94