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Militantisme Libertaire Et Action Communautaire Dans Le Quartier Pointe-Saint-Charles À Montréal: Le Cas Du Collectif 7 À Nous (2009-2012)

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Militantisme Libertaire Et Action Communautaire Dans Le Quartier Pointe-Saint-Charles À Montréal: Le Cas Du Collectif 7 À Nous (2009-2012) UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL MILITANTISME LIBERTAIRE ET ACTION COMMUNAUTAIRE DANS LE QUARTIER POINTE-SAINT-CHARLES À MONTRÉAL: LE CAS DU COLLECTIF 7 À NOUS (2009-2012) MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXlGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN SOCIOLOGIE PAR RICHARD PERRON NOVEMBRE 2016 UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.03-2015). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l 'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont [il] possède un exemplaire. » REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens tout d'abord à remercier mon directeur de recherche, Jean-Marc Fontan, pour sa grande disponibilité, ses précieux conseils et l'encadrement rigoureux qu ' il m'a offert. Son soutien a beaucoup facilité la réalisation de ce mémoire. Je désire également remercier les personnes qui ont gentiment accepté de participer à ma recherche malgré leur emploi du temps chargé. Leur engagement militant et professionnel dans le quartier Pointe-Saint-Charles est une source immense d' inspiration. Enfin, j 'aimerais remercier mon amoureuse, Annie, pour son support, sa patience et sa compréhension, ainsi que sa fille Emma qui, sans qu 'elle le sache, m'a obligé à prendre des pauses pour concilier les études et la famille, ce qui fut salutaire. TAB LE DES MATIÈRES LISTE DES FIGURES .... .. .. ..... ....... ...... ... ............................. .. .............. ............. .. v ii LISTE DES SIGLES ET AC RONYMES ........ ........ .. .......................................... viii RÉSUMÉ ....................... .. .. ..................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ................ ......... .. .... .. ....................... .. .. ..... .. ..... ........... ... ... .......... 1 CHAPI TRE I PROBLÉMATIQUE, CONTEXTE ET PERTINENCE .................. .................... .. 5 1.1 Problématique ................................................................... .......................... 5 1. 2 Contexte .................... .. ....................... ................. .. .... .. ... .. ........................... 8 1.3 Pertinence ...... .. ....................... ... ... ...................... ... ... .. .... .. .... ............. ....... 10 CHAPITRE n CADRE THÉORIQUE .. ... ................................................... ....... .. .... .................. .. 12 2. 1 Cohabitation, interactionnisme symbolique et fo rum hybride .............. ............ 13 2.1 .1 La cohabitation entre acteurs .. .. ............................ .................... ........... 13 2. 1.2 L'interactionni sme symbolique .............. .... .. ................ ........................ 15 2. 1.3 Un forum hybride ............................................................................... .. 18 2.2 Les spécificités de l'action communautaire au Québec .............................. 19 2.2. 1 Déftnition et valeurs ............................................................................. 19 2.2.2 Repères hi storiques ............................ .. ........ .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. ................ .. .. .. 21 2.2.3 Fondements théoriques .... ................................... .. ....... .. ...... ............ ..... 26 2.2.4 Forces et limites .......................... .... .. .. .. ............................................... 29 2.3 Les spécificités de la pensée et des pratiques anarchistes ............................ ... 3 1 2.3. 1 Définition et valeurs .................................................. .......... .. .......... .. ... 32 2.3.2 Repères hi storiques ............................................ ...... .. .. .. ...................... 33 2.3.3 Fondements théoriques .. ........................ .. .... ......................................... 37 2.3.4 Forces et limites .... .. ...... .. .................................. .... .. .. .. .... .. ................... 42 2.4 La cohabitation entre les anarchi stes et d'autres acteurs sociaux .... .... ............ 43 IV 2.4 .1 La participation des anarchi stes aux luttes populaires .. .......... .... ......... 44 2.4.2 Au-delà de l' idéal révolutionn aire ...... ...... .. .. .. ...... .. .. .......... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 2.4.3 Les anarchi stes et le milieu communautaire au Québec .. .. ...... .. .. ........ 47 2.4.4 Les anarchi stes et «la gauche» québécoise .. .. .... .. ................ .. .. .... .. ...... 48 2.4.5 Les anarchi stes et les groupes écologiques au Québec .. .. .. .. .... .... .. ...... 49 2.4.6 Les anarchi stes et le droit au logement à Québec .... .. .......................... 52 2.5 Questi ons et hypoth èses de recherche .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. ....................... 56 2.5 .1 Question générale .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...................... .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 2.5.2 Questions spécifi ques .. .......... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .... ........ .. ........................... 58 2.5.3 Hypothèses .. .. ..................... ... ..... .. ... ... ... ... ...... .... .... ...... ..... ... ................ 59 CHAPITRE III MÉTHODOLOGIE ... ..... ....... .... .. ......... .. ..... .. ........... ........ .. ... ........ .. ........ ............ .. 60 3.1 Univers d'analyse et type de matéri au utilisé .. .. .... .. .................................. 60 3.2 Entrevues sem i-di rigées ............ .......................... .......... .. ........ .. .... .. ............ 61 3.3 Profil des répondants .. .... .. .. ...... .......... .. ............... .. ...... .. .... ............ .... .......... 62 3 .4 Anonymat des répond ants .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .................. .... ........ 63 3.5 Probl èmes rencontrés .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .................... ......... ...... .. ........ .. ..... 63 CHAPITRE IV RÉSULTATS ..... .. ...... .......... ........... .. ............ .. ... ... ....... .. ... ............ .. ........... ... ... ... .. 66 4.1 Les acteurs et groupes d'acteurs en présence ............ .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... 67 4.2 Chronologie des principaux évènements .. .. ...... .. .. .... ........ .. ........................ 70 4.3 Présentation des répond ants ............ .. .. .. ................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. 74 4.3 .1 HUGO .. .. .... ..... .... ..... ... .. ..... .. ... ..... ... ... ... ... .. .... .... ........... ....................... 74 4.3.2 ANNICK ... ..... ............... .. ................... ........ ... ........ .... ... .... ..... ... .... ... ... .. 75 4.3.3 CATl-IERINE ..... .. ..... .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .... ........ ... .... ......................... 76 4.3 .4 ISABELLE ...... .. ....... .... .. .. .... .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .... ......... .. .. .. .... 77 4.3.5 ALEX ..... .. ............ ..... .. .. ... ...... ... ... .... .... .... .................. ... ........... ... ......... 78 4.4 Nature des li ens au sein du Coll ectif 7 à nous ........ .. .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. .... .... .. .. .. 79 4.4.1 Stratégies et moyens d'action .... .. ...... .... .... ........ .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... 79 4.4.2 Mode de fo ncti onnement au sein du Coll ectif 7 à nous .............. ........ 82 y 4.4.3 Mission du Collectif? à nous .............. ................................. .. .. ............ 85 4.4.4 Contenu du projet du bâtiment 7 ............ .... ... .. ... ... ..... ........ .. ... .... .. ....... 86 4.4.5 Tensions et points de divergence ....... .......... ..... ....... ..................... ... .... 88 4.5 Interprétation de l'expérience vécue ... ..... ........... ........ ... ................ ............ 92 4.5.1 Apprentissages .. ..... .. ................ .... ............ ........ .. ... .. ... ... .. ............... ...... 92 4.5.2 Sources de fierté .... .. .................. ........... ........ ....... ... .. .. ..... ....... .............. 93 4.5.3 Déceptions .. .... .... .. .. ... ...... .. .. .. ................. ..... .. .. ... .. ... .... .. ..... ... ........ ..... .. 94 4.5.4 À faire différemment.. .... ... ............ ........ ...... .. ............... .. ........... ..... ...... 96 4.6 Nature des liens avant et après la lutte .... ....... ... .. ...... ..... ... .. .............. .. ........ 98 4.7 Perception de l'anarchisme et des coll ectifs libertaires .. ...... ...... .... ....... ..... 99 4.7.1 HUGO .. ......... ......... .. .... ...... .. ..... ..... .. .... ...... .... .. ..... ... ........ .... ............ .... 99 4.7.2ANNICK .......... .. ...... .... ......................
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