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The Legacies of Renewal and the Logics of Neighbourhood Action in Post-Renewal Little Burgundy (1979 – 1995)

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The Legacies of Renewal and the Logics of Neighbourhood Action in Post-Renewal Little Burgundy (1979 – 1995) Urban governance after urban renewal: The legacies of renewal and the logics of neighbourhood action in post-renewal Little Burgundy (1979 – 1995) Kiley Goyette A thesis in the Department of Geography, Planning and Environment Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Geography, Urban and Environmental Studies) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada August 2017 © Kiley Goyette, 2017 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Kiley Goyette Entitled: Urban governance after urban renewal: The legacies of renewal and the logics of neighbourhood action in post-renewal Little Burgundy (1979 – 1995) and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Geography, Urban and Environmental Studies) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: ________________________________ Chair Norma Rantisi ________________________________ Examiner Ted Rutland ________________________________ Examiner Louis Gaudreau ________________________________ Examiner Pablo Mendez ________________________________ Supervisor Ted Rutland Approved by __________________________________________ Chair of Department or Graduate Program Director __________________________________________ Dean of Faculty Date : ___________ 2017 ii Abstract Urban governance after urban renewal: The legacies of renewal and the logics of neighbourhood action in post-renewal Little Burgundy (1979 – 1995) Kiley Goyette Urban renewal is perhaps the most widely studied approach to transforming neighbourhoods, but less attention has been given to its lasting effects and its influence on the forms of governance that emerged after it ended. This study of the Montreal neighbourhood of Little Burgundy explores how the physical, social, and ideological conditions left by urban renewal shaped neighbourhood action in the post-renewal period by focusing on three aspects. The first, a logic of governance stressing community participation, emerges as citizen committees contested renewal and problematized the top-down plans of outside experts. In the post-renewal period, this thesis argues, community participation became the major source of legitimacy for neighbourhood action, a logic that came to be reflected in the activities of groups like the Little Burgundy Coalition as well as the municipal state. The second is a concern with concentrated poverty in neighbourhood sociodemographic governance, frequently traced in the literature as emerging in the post-renewal period. In contrast, this thesis shows that this preoccupation emerged much earlier (during the renewal period itself) and was less prominent in the post- renewal period. Third, this study shows how both police actions and responses to police were part of the efforts to transform the neighbourhood, an area neglected in post-renewal governance literature. Tracing the connections between these areas shows how the impact of urban renewal extended beyond the transformations of the renewal period, but instead continued to shape the ways community participation, sociodemographic management, and policing were part of urban governance in post-renewal Little Burgundy. iii Acknowledgements So many people contributed, knowingly or unknowingly, to the production of this document. First, I want to acknowledge the people of Little Burgundy whose stories have travelled through the archival record. I can only hope that my limited representation of this history does justice to your experiences despite the partial nature of the sources used here. I also gratefully acknowledge funding from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and from Concordia University which supported this research. Thanks also to the numerous people who helped connect me to people, sources and ideas that benefitted this project. Vincent Perez (Little Burgundy Coalition), Leith Hamilton (too many affiliations to name!), Yves Sauvé (OMHM), Hélène Bohémier (OMHM), Kevin George (CSSS), Martine Theriault (CLSC St-Henri), John Bradley, and Steven High (Concordia Department of History). Without your support and assistance I would have made very little progress, even though there remains so much that could be done. This project led me to various documentation centres, archives, and libraries. Thank you to Ginette Dugas of the Centre documentation Marie-Morin (Ville de Montréal), Mihaela Ardeleanu-Ionita of the Service de documentation et d’information en habitation (SHQ-SDIH), Alexandra Mills and Ellen Gressling of Concordia University Library Special Collections, Michèle Leroux of Université de Montréal Bibliothèque de droit, Gordon Burr of McGill University Libraries, and Caroline Sigouin of Concordia University Records Management and Archives (RMA). Thanks also goes to the Archives de la Ville de Montréal and the Bibliothèques et Archives nationales du Québec (at both Vieux-Montréal and la Collection Nationale). To the department of Geography, Planning and Environment (yes, the whole department!), it is hard to express how much I have been shaped by my time in this community and how grateful I am for this experience. This research thesis was written by a human geographer of the Concordia school. Only time will tell what that truly means. Ted must be recognized by name, of course, for his title role in the production of these pages. To my colleagues, your intellectual and emotional support through this process has been valuable and never taken for granted. Trevor and Noah, it has been a long journey! Geograds council of 2016-17, your initiative, responsibility, and good humour made this a great year for the graduate students of GPE. I couldn’t have done it without you (nor would I have wanted to!). Finally, my deepest gratitude and dearest affection (still!) to Felix for your emotional, domestic, and wage-earning labour. Maybe my next 100+ page paper will be about how amazing you are… iv Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................................... iv List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................. vii 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Post-renewal urban governance literature ...................................................................................................... 4 Definition, logics, failure ............................................................................................................................................ 6 Community participation in post-renewal urban governance ................................................................... 8 Concentration of Poverty and Social Mix .......................................................................................................... 13 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18 1.2 Post-renewal urban governance in Little Burgundy .................................................................................. 23 1.3 Research methods .................................................................................................................................................... 25 Renewal period ............................................................................................................................................................ 25 Post-renewal governance ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Community participation......................................................................................................................................... 26 Concentration of poverty and social mix .......................................................................................................... 27 Policing ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28 1.4 Limitations ................................................................................................................................................................... 29 2. Community participation in urban governance ................................................................................ 31 2.1 Urban renewal and community participation .............................................................................................. 32 2.2 Post-renewal community participation........................................................................................................... 41 The Little Burgundy Coalition................................................................................................................................ 43 Institutionalizing community participation: Vivre Montréal
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