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Proquest Dissertations "The House of the Irish": Irishness, History, and Memory in Griffintown, Montreal, 1868-2009 John Matthew Barlow A Thesis In the Department of History Present in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada March 2009 © John Matthew Barlow, 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-63386-1 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-63386-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Nnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre im primes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. ••I Canada ABSTRACT "The House of the Irish": Irishness, History, and Memory in Griffintown, Montreal, 1868-2009 John Matthew Barlow, Ph.D. Concordia University, 2009 This dissertation examines the arc of Irish-Catholic identity in Griffintown, a working-class neighbourhood of Montreal, over the course of the "long" twentieth century, from 1868 to 2009. Griffintown is significant as it was both the first and last Irish-Catholic neighbourhood of the city. Situating the working-class Irish-Catholics of Griffintown within a postcolonial framework, this dissertation examines the development and functioning of a diasporic Irish culture in Montreal. We see how that culture operated in Griffintown, at times shielding the residents of the neighbourhood from goings on in the wider city and nation, and at other times allowing for the forging of common cause across class lines within the Irish-Catholic community of Montreal. In the years following World War II, Irish-Catholic Griffintown disappeared from the landscape, owing to depopulation and the physical destruction of the neighbourhood. We then see how Irish-Catholic identity in Montreal as a whole broke down, as the Irish made common cause with the Anglo-Protestants of the city to forge a new alliance: Anglo-Montreal. Thus situated, the Anglophone population of the city girded itself in a defensive posture for the linguistic, cultural, economic, and constitutional strife that dominated life in Montreal over the second half of the twentieth century. In the years since the second referendum on Quebec sovereignty in 1995, Irish identity has undergone a renaissance of sorts in Montreal, due to both developments locally and the reinvigoration of the Irish diaspora globally since the 1980s. In this process, we see the iii intersection of history and memory as Griffintown has become the site of Irish memory and remembrance on Montreal's cultural landscape. The Irish of Montreal, then, have used Griffintown as a means of claiming their space on the cultural landscape of the city and to demonstrate their long-standing connection to Montreal. In effect, Griffintown has allowed the Irish in Montreal to re-claim their stake as one of Montreal's "founding nations." IV Acknowledgements At some point in the process leading to the completion of this dissertation, Ron Rudin, a marathon runner, told me that getting a Ph.D. was not necessarily a question of who was the smartest, or who was the fastest. He told me that getting a Ph.D. was like a marathon, a run of endurance. My response was quick, "That's great, Ron, but I'm a goalie." Yet, Ron was correct, this has been an endurance run, a triple overtime match. Throughout, Ron has been a steady and patient guide, quick with commentary and feedback on my chapter drafts, always with his eye on the prize. I have learned a lot at the foot of Ron Rudin, including how to be a scholar, to dedicate myself to my craft. And I am a better person for it. Graham Carr, now the Associate Dean of Arts & Sciences at Concordia, has always taken time out from a hectic schedule, and has provided useful guidance and feedback throughout my entire doctoral studies. Indeed, my favourite point of my studies was during the year leading up to my comprehensive exams, when Graham and I would meet every month or so, and in the course of a couple of hours, discuss nearly everything under the sun, from the readings to hockey, to politics, and culture. In many ways, Graham has taught me how to be a scholar and to keep one foot firmly planted outside of the academy. Rosemarie Schade has also been involved in this project from the start, back to when I took a directed readings course with her in my second semester of my studies. Meetings with Rosemarie were always pleasurable, she has always been encouraging and supportive, patiently directing me as I developed my thoughts about gender and history. More importantly, though, Rosemarie has always kept the faith whenever mine waned. And she still managed to always ask me the most incisive, penetrating questions about my work. v Other members of the Department of History at Concordia have also been supportive. I would especially like to thank Professors Shannon McSheffrey, Fred Bode, Steve Scheinberg, Mary Vipond, Frank Chalk, Andy Ivaska, Rachel Berger, Elena Razlagova, Allison Rowley, Nora Jaffary, Gavin Taylor, and Bob Tittler. Some provided moral support, some provided intellectual stimulation, some provided argument, some provided beer. But all have helped form me as an historian and scholar, and, thus, this dissertation. Donna Whittaker, Assistant to the Secretary of the Department of History, and I had long conversations about the Irish in Montreal, both historically and today, over the years. These conversations helped me to frame the dissertation and my approach to Irish Montreal. Professor Michael Kenneally, Chair of the Centre for Canadian Irish Studies, has been a steadfast supporter throughout my studies. Much of my funding has come through the Centre, and it was Michael who provided me with my first teaching experience in the summer of 2004. Professor Rona Richman Kenneally, one of the sharpest minds I've ever met (and one of the sharpest dressers, too), has not only been supportive, but served as a sounding board during the gestation of this project. I have also benefitted from many scholars outside of Concordia University taking the time to meet with me, to talk to me about my project. First and foremost, Professor David A. Wilson of the University of Toronto, who was the external examiner of my dissertation. Also, Professors Yvan Lamonde and Brian Young, of McGill University, and Professor Paul-Andre Linteau, of the Universite du Quebec a Montreal, all took time out of their busy schedules to meet with me and provide some guidance, and some insight vi and wisdom from their long experience researching and writing about Quebec history and culture. Being an historian, archivists and keepers of records have been incredibly important through the research process, and extremely helpful. In particular, Nancy Marelli at the Concordia University Archives has, in addition to knowing nearly everything there is to know about the history of Montreal, also answered nearly every question I had about holdings, history, and copyright laws, and pointed me in the right directions when I had queries. Moira LeBlanc-Todd at St. Patrick's Basilica in Montreal was especially helpful in finding records in the vault there. Archivists at the Library and Archives of Canada, les Archives de la Ville de Montreal, the Bibliotheque et Archives nationales du Quebec, Archives de la Chancellerie de l'Archeveche de Montreal, and the New York Public Library, all went out of their way to help me in my various visits to their repositories. I would also like to thank many of my colleagues in Graduate Studies in the Department of History at Concordia, past and present, who have provided conversation, encouragement, amusements, and diversions. In particular, I would like to acknowledge James Vandenberg, Antoine Guillemette, Simon Jolivet, Sarah Steinberg-Pratt, Paul Hebert, Lindsay Pattison, Evan May, Sylvia Marques, Lauren Burger, Mark Huddleston, Eugene Henry, Suki Wellman, and Zal Karkaria. My former colleagues at Public History Inc. were always supportive of my studies as well. And my colleagues in the Department of History, Economics, and Political Science at John Abbott College have been supportive and encouraging throughout the writing process, which I had barely begun when I took up my post there in 2006.
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