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La Ciutat Multilingüe Quaranta Anys Del Cas Huertas Najat El Hachmi

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La Ciutat Multilingüe Quaranta Anys Del Cas Huertas Najat El Hachmi COBERTA 99-DEF.qxp:BCNM 11/04/16 09:29 Página 1 - Març / March / Marzo 2016 Marzo / March / Març - www.barcelonametropolis.cat Número 99 – 6 € Març - March - Marzo 2016 Barcelona Metròpolis 99 99 Metròpolis Barcelona La ciutat multilingüe The multilingual city La ciudad multilingüe Quaranta anys del cas Huertas www.bcn.cat/bcnmetropolis Forty years from the Huertas case http://twitter.com/bcnmetropolis 9 9 Cuarenta años del caso Huertas Entrevista / Interview 8 400214 062238 Najat El Hachmi BM99.1-3-Editorial-JordiOK-DEF2.qxp:. 11/04/16 08:16 Página 1 Editorial A la pàgina anterior i en aquesta, el cinema Texas, l’únic que ofereix en exclusiva programació subtitulada en català; diaris en diferents versions lingüístiques en un quiosc de premsa, i un taxi amb l’indicador d’ocupació en català. A les pàgines següents, activitats a l’associació de brasilers amb seu al Centre Cívic Parc-Sandaru, reunió a la Casa Amaziga de Catalunya i una pissarra de la classe de català de l’Associació de Treballadors Pakistanesos. Fotos: Pere Virgili Gresol de llengües Barcelona s’ha tornat políglota. Aquella ciutat que durant Com bé apunta Francesc Xavier Vila al dossier que dedi- Barcelona Metròpolis els Jocs Olímpics s’adreçava al món ufana i sense complexos quem a les llengües de Barcelona, el fenomen del multilin- en català, castellà, anglès i francès, s’ha transformat avui en güisme a la ciutat no és una situació nova, sinó que ve de un hàbitat lingüístic molt més ric i divers, reflex del món lluny: arrenca amb la Barkeno on convivien ibèrics, grecs i que ens ha sobrevingut amb la globalització. Aquest gresol cartaginesos, continua amb una Barcino que va llatinitzar de llengües en què s’ha convertit la gran Babelona, capital autòctons i colons, i es perllonga en una Barchinona on el d’un país on ja tenim censades més de tres-centes llengües, llatí popular convivia amb el llatí culte i amb el grec, l’he- és un patrimoni de gran valor social i econòmic, però també breu, les llengües dels bàrbars, l’àrab i l’amazic. un bé cultural amb un delicat equilibri ecològic. Una parlant d’amazic és justament el personatge que Un total de vuit organitzacions internacionals han iniciat centra l’entrevista que obre aquest número de Barcelona els preparatius per a la redacció d’un Protocol de Garantia Metròpolis: Najat El Hachmi, escriptora d’origen amazic – dels Drets Lingüístics, concebut com a text de referència guanyadora del premi Ciutat de Barcelona– que és avui una en matèria de defensa de la igualtat entre llengües i de de les figures emergents de la literatura catalana. Najat El promoció de llengües en perill. Si Barcelona ha de ser un Hachmi és una representant de la nova immigració dels anys referent del multilingüisme, ha de començar per preservar vuitanta, que va portar al país persones d’origen no euro- la llengua que li és pròpia, la catalana, garantint-ne l’ús peu. Sense ser la metròpolis d’un vell imperi, Barcelona és sense imposicions ni conflictes, però també sense comple- avui l’escenari de nous relats escrits per autors d’aquí i de xos. Ara que alguns voldrien veure fractures socials causa- fora, com poden ser l’alemanya Stefanie Kremser o el fran- des per les diferències lingüístiques, convé més que mai cès Mathias Énard, darrer premi Goncourt. El cas de Najat afirmar la convivència i el respecte envers tots els parlants. El Hachmi i d’aquests altres escriptors és un indici que la El gest d’adreçar-se en català a una persona d’aspecte forà història del país i de la ciutat que anirem construint serà s’ha d’entendre com un senyal de respecte. Altrament, esta- cada vegada més diversa i heterogènia. El relat sobre Barce- ríem actuant amb prejudicis racials davant de persones que lona ja no està en mans ni a la mercè d’una sola classe, ni no podem discriminar lingüísticament pel color de la seva d’un sol grup mediàtic, ni d’una colla de lobbies poderosos pell o per la seva fesomia, el seu cognom o la manera de amb una idea de marca. Tampoc, és clar, en mans d’un Ajun- vestir, ja que exclouríem amplis sectors de la població de tament que treballa per apoderar els ciutadans i donar-los l’accés al català. veu perquè construeixin en comú la Barcelona que volen. No ens podem permetre, doncs, de ser mandrosos. Les Barcelona serà lingüísticament sobirana si aconsegueix llengües no han de ser problemes, sinó oportunitats; no han que el català tingui el seu lloc al món. I serà també una de ser barreres, sinó ponts que facilitin la inclusió de noves autèntica ciutat refugi de les llengües si és capaç d’acollir – persones i comunitats en la vida de la ciutat. En la mesura sense condescendència ni superioritat– parlants d’arreu del que ens puguem entendre tots entre tots, aconseguirem que món, també de les llengües més amenaçades. les llengües dels nouvinguts siguin també útils per al desen- volupament de Barcelona, que ha de poder establir lligams econòmics i culturals amb l’àmplia xarxa de ciutats que van redibuixant avui el món. 1 BM99.1-3-Editorial-JordiOK-DEF2.qxp:. 11/04/16 08:16 Página 2 Editorial On this and the following page, activities at the Brazilian association housed in the Parc-Sandaru Civic Centre, a meeting at the Casa Amaziga of Catalonia and the board in a Catalan class at the association of Pakistani workers. On the inside cover and the previous page, the Texas cinema, the only cinema that exclusively offers films translated into Catalan; newspapers with editions in different languages, and a taxi with its ‘occupied’ sign in Catalan. Photos: Pere Virgili A melting pot of languages Barcelona Metròpolis Barcelona has become multilingual. The city that proudly vast network of cities that are re-drawing today’s world and confidently spoke to the world in Catalan, Spanish, maps. English and French during the 1992 Olympic Games is As Francesc Xavier Vila points out in his article on the today an even richer and more diverse linguistic habitat, a languages of Barcelona, the city’s multilingualism is noth- reflection of our globalized planet. According to the census, ing new. It goes way back to the time when the area known more than three hundred languages are now spoken in the as Barkeno (inhabited by Iberians, Greeks and Carthagini- country whose capital city is Babelona. While this linguis- ans) became Barcino (which Latinised natives and colonis- tic richness constitutes a major social and economic asset, ers alike) and later Barchinona, where vulgar Latin lived it is also a cultural asset existing within the fragile balance alongside Classical Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, Amazigh of a particular ecosystem. and Barbarian languages. Eight international organisations are working in support An Amazigh speaker is the subject of the interview of a project called the Protocol to Guarantee Linguistic which kicks off this edition of Barcelona Metròpolis: Najat Rights, whose aims are to offer guidelines for the defence of El Hachmi, a writer of Amazigh origin and winner of the language equality and to support endangered languages. If Ciutat de Barcelona prize. Today, she is one of the rising Barcelona is to be a benchmark for multilingualism, it must stars of Catalan literature. Najat El Hachmi is a representa- start by protecting its own language, Catalan, in a way that tive of the new wave of immigration of the 1980s which ensures that it can be assertively used without becoming a brought non-Europeans to our country. While no longer an kind of imposition or source of conflict. At this point in time, old empire’s metropolis, today’s Barcelona sets the scene when some would like to see our society fractured by for stories written by both local and foreign authors such as linguistic differences, it is more important than ever to German Stephanie Kremser and Frenchman Mathias Énard, encourage harmony and respect amongst speakers of differ- a recent winner of the Prix Goncourt. The rise of Najat El ent languages. Addressing someone who looks foreign in Hachmi and the other writers mentioned is an indication Catalan should be interpreted as a sign of respect. Were this that the life of this country and this city that we are build- not the case, we would be demonstrating bigotry towards ing is destined to be ever more diverse and heterogeneous. people whose linguistic identity is not discernable by the Barcelona’s narrative is no longer in the hands of any one colour of their skin, physical features, surname or mode of social class, media group or powerful lobbying group with a dress, while at the same time denying large sectors of the branding concept. Nor is it in the hands of a City Council population access to the Catalan language. that works to empower and give a voice to the citizenry: There should be no room for linguistic laziness. together these citizens will build the Barcelona they want. Languages should be thought of not as problems but as Barcelona will achieve linguistic sovereignty if it is able opportunities, not as barriers but as bridges that facilitate to give Catalan its rightful place in the world. It will also the incorporation of new people and communities into the serve as a haven for languages if it is capable of welcoming life of the city. To the extent that we can all understand one – without being condescending or pretentious – speakers other, we should also put the languages of new arrivals to from all around the world, including those of the most good use to further the development of Barcelona, a city endangered languages.
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