THfe AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

Georye Washington Bicentennial Commission. WASHINGTON MONUMENT

Vol. IX FEBRUARY', 1932 No. 2 BANKING AND INVESTMENT SERVICE THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

The National City Bank of New York and Affiliated Institutions

THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK

HEAD OFFICE: 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK

Foreign Branches in ARGENTINA . BELGIUM . BRAZIL . CHILE . CHINA . COLOMBIA . CUBA

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC . ENGLAND . INDIA . ITALY . JAPAN . MANCHURIA . MEXICO . PERU . PHILIPPINE

ISLANDS . PUERTO RICO . REPUBLIC OF PANAMA . STRAITS SETTLEMENTS . URUGUAY . VENEZUELA.

THE NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK (FRANCE) S. A. Paris 60 AVENUE DES CHAMPS ELYSEES 41 BOULEVARD HAUSSMANN Nice 6 JARDIN du Roi ALBERT 1 cr.

INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION Head Office: 55 WALL STREET, NEW YORK Foreign and Domestic Branches in UNITED STATES . SPAIN . ENGLAND ant! Representatives in The National City Bank Chinese Branches

BANQUE NATIONALE DE LA REPUBLIQUE D’HAITI

Head Office: PORT-AU-PRINCE, HAITI

CITY BANK FARMERS TRUST COMPANY Head Office: 22 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK

~T- THE NATIONAL CITY COMPANY

HEAD OFFICE OFFICES IN PRINCIPAL 65 WALL STREET, NEW YORK AMERICAN CITIES

Foreign Offices: LONDON . AMSTERDAM . GENEVA . TOKIO . SHANGHAI

Canadian Offices: MONTREAL . TORONTO

The National City Company, through its offices and affiliations in the United States anti abroad, offers a world-wide investment service to those interested in Dollar Securities,

London Offices 54, BISHOPSGATK, E. C. 2 11, WATERLOO PLACE, S. W. 1

United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission This is a photograph of the famous Houdon bust of George Washington made from life at Mount Vernon by the great French sculptor Jean Antoine Houdon in 1785. The bust has never been away from that shrine. This picture has been selected by the Portrait Committee of this Commission as the official picture of the Father of his Country for the Bicentennial Celebration of his birth in 1932. FOREIGN S JOURNAL

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION

VOL. IX, No. 2 WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY, 1932 George Washington Bicentennial Celebration in 1932

By HONORABLE SOL BLOOM, Representative from New York, Associate Director, United Stales George Washington Bicentennial Commission TO UNDERSTAND George Washington There he encountered dangers and privations and what he means to America of today, we that would have daunted a less sturdy soul. That must think of him as a man and not as an he performed this work of surveying well has ideal. been shown by repeated resurveys along the lines As a man we can more nearly take his measure he laid down. and estimate his greatness. The glamor that has We find him again when not yet of age, com¬ surrounded his name has tended to obscure his missioned to perform important military and dip¬ human qualities. lomatic exploits into the frontier country. It is not my purpose to dwell upon the heroic Inheriting the great estate of Mount Vernon side of our greatest American. I want to impress while still a young man, George Washington upon the people of this country that George Wash¬ showed unusual interest in the subject of farm¬ ington was a normal man, subject to normal temp¬ ing. He was the first scientific farmer in this tations, normal perplexities, and normal sorrows. country. He was the first student of methods The greatness of George Washington lies in of improving livestock, of rotating crops and of the fact that he surmounted tremendous obstacles diversified agriculture. Had George Washing¬ and accomplished his purposes through sheer ton done nothing more than devote himself to force of character and perseverance. the study of agriculture, he would have been Let us consider George Washington’s career in America’s pioneer authority on that subject. the order of his outstanding accomplishments. Not only was George Washington a farmer, First, there is the boy, the son of a Virginia but he was one of the foremost business men of farmer, living in the country and having limited his time. He knew how to make his farms profit¬ educational advantages. able. He had a commercial vision far beyond This boy, destined by Providence for such his¬ his contemporaries. He organized corporations, toric achievements, was a normal boy. He was opened mines and quarries, and did a considerable in every sense a good boy, obedient and ambi¬ shipping business. tious. Although he had scant opportunities for George Washington was the first inland water¬ schooling, he made the most of what he had. ways advocate. He actually surveyed and planned At an age when other boys are mostly con¬ waterway connections between the Ohio Valley cerned in sports and play, George Washington and the Atlantic seaboard, which he was unable was seriously devoted to the study of a profes¬ to complete because of the stress of the times. sion. When barely 16 years old, he was com¬ George Washington looked beyond the bounda¬ missioned to perform a responsible piece of sur¬ ries of the original 13 Colonies and his eyes veying work which sent him into the wilderness. rested upon the Pacific Ocean as the limits of the 45 future Republic. To him, more than to any other Congress has asked the governors of the va¬ man, is due that impetus to foreign trade which rious States to appoint State commissions to co¬ has ever been America’s outstanding business operate with the National Commission. It is the policy. purpose of the associate director to make this But George Washington was too great a man celebration nation-wide and all-American. to live in the peaceful security of his plantation We have no exposition in mind. There will home. The state of the Colonies demanded the be no world’s fair, no concentration of material resourcefulness, the calm judgment, and the evidences of the Nation’s growth. character of its greatest men. George Washing¬ The celebration will be in the hearts of the ton had all of these qualities to a greater extent people themselves. It will be in the nature of than any other man upon American soil. He was a revival of knowledge of and appreciation for a natural leader, and instilled into his country¬ our greatest American and the greatest human men that spirit of confidence and devotion which being in all history. made the winning of the War of the Revolution The Federal Government has authorized the a possibility. publication of all of the definitive writings of It was George Washington who realized more George Washington, which will be published as than any man of the time what the freedom of a memorial edition in approximately 25 volumes. the Colonies meant to the men and women who The great Memorial Boulevard between Wash¬ were to come after him. It was his council, his ington and Mount Vernon is under construction judgment, and his sure knowledge of men that and will be one of the most beautiful highways guided the infant Republic in the formation of in all the world. A regional park system for the our present system of Federal Government. National Capital, unsurpassed in America, is now In advocating American independence, George authorized by Congress as a George Washing¬ Washington staked his life, his property and the ton Memorial Parkway. This great parkway will interests of his family. He realized, perhaps include some of the beautiful and historic places more than any other man, the hazards and uncer¬ with which George Washington has been iden¬ tainties of a war for independence. tified. Great as were George Washington’s achieve¬ Congress has also established Wakefield, Wash¬ ments as a soldier, far greater were his achieve¬ ington’s birthplace in Virginia, as a national park ments as a statesman and a citizen. and will erect upon the site a replica of the house As the first President, he faced problems never in which George Washington was born. It is before faced by any man. By his wisdom, by his also proposed to build in the City of Washing¬ patience, by his persistence, he molded the des¬ ton a great George Washington Memorial Audi¬ tinies of the young Republic and placed it upon torium, which is most urgently needed. a sure foundation for future growth. As we These are Federal projects contributed, or to study the life of this great man, there develop be contributed, by the Government itself. It is new and interesting phases of his character. the purpose of the associate director to bring the Has America sufficiently honored the memory message of George Washington to every church, of George Washington? I unhesitatingly say it every home, every school, and every group of has not. It is gratifying to every American citi¬ citizens in the United States. We want to of¬ zen to realize that the United States is prepar¬ fer an opportunity to each man, woman, and child ing now to express in the most appropriate way in America to participate in this national cele¬ possible the honor which is his due. bration. The Congress of the United States, in recog¬ In our plans it is proposed to foster and en¬ nition of the two hundredth anniversary of the courage in all parts of the country local, re¬ birth of George Washington, to be observed this gional and State celebrations. These celebra¬ year, has created a Commission to formulate tions the people themselves will organize and plans fittingly to honor his memory. take part in them. It is hoped that in 1932 there At the head of this Commission is the Presi¬ will not be a school room or school building in dent of the United States. Other members of the United States without its pictures of George the Commission are the Vice President of the Washington. It is hoped that there will not be United States, the Speaker of the House of Rep¬ a school or a church or a home that will not dis¬ resentatives, four United States Senators, four play the American flag with appropriate re¬ members of the House of Representatives, and minders of what it means in our national life. eight presidential commissioners. It is proposed to hold essay contests, pageants, 46 plays, and exercises of similar kinds in public In honoring the memory of George Washing¬ schools. In like manner we want to enlist the ton there can be no division and no dispute. He cooperation of all the clubs, associations, frater¬ is so transcendently great as to continue his in¬ nal organizations, and miscellaneous groups of fluence down through the years. In all the rec¬ people. ords of his life, in every letter, speech and act, Not only do we want to impress upon the Na¬ which can be traced to him, there is not one tion its debt to George Washington, but also our weakness or one mistake. Wherever the flag debt to other heroes associated with him. We flies today, those under its protecting folds want to remember those splendid men and should remember that it was George Washing¬ women, many of them of foreign birth, who of¬ ton who established that flag and what it stands fered their lives upon the altar of American in¬ for. In a world of bitterness, hostility, and op¬ dependence. We want to remember Von Steu¬ pression George Washington brought freedom ben, De Kalb, and the Muhlenbergs. We want and human liberty. Wherever people are free, to remember Carroll, Barry, Knox, and the host they should remember those men who gave the of other Irish patriots. We want to remember world freedom. Wherever there is protection, with gratitude Kosciusko, Pulaski, and other peace, and security, a prayer of thanksgiving Polish heroes. We want to remember Benja¬ should be offered that George Washington lived min Nones, who has been called the “Jewish and wrought. Lafayette,” the Pintos and others of the Jewish We of the United States George Washington race, who offered themselves and their fortunes Bicentennial Commission have a tremendous re¬ to the cause of freedom. We want to remember sponsibility. It is our duty to arouse throughout Lafayette, Rochambeau, and all that other host the Nation a proper sense of gratitude to the of equally heroic men and women of the Italian, Founder of the Republic. In this task we can not Swedish, Spanish, and other European races, act alone. It is for all Americans of all nationali¬ who performed their parts so valiantly. Many of them came from across the seas to help the ties and creeds, of all conditions and circum¬ cause of the Colonies. stances, to make the year 1932 a year of thought George Washington was the magnet who drew and reverence for the memory of George Wash¬ all those brave men to him. George Washing¬ ington. He was so intimately associated with all ton was a man above all others who inspired affairs of life, with the church, with statesman¬ confidence and devotion among those ragged, ship, with agriculture, with business, with educa¬ hungry, and suffering troops who struggled tion, with commerce, and, in fact, every phase of bravely and triumphantly forward under his healthful citizenship, that no class of our people leadership. can disregard their debt to him. We Americans today still have our differences So let us now dedicate in our hearts the mem¬ in origin and in character. We still have our ory of this man. Let us resolve that we shall do different viewpoints and our different opinions. him honor and reverence for what he was and We still struggle for various ideals and prin¬ what he has given to us. I leave with you this ciples, but we can all rally today under the lead¬ appeal as Americans all, in the freedom and en¬ ership of George Washington, as did those splen¬ lightenment which George Washington brought did Americans of 150 years ago. into the world.

AUCKLAND HARBOR, BETTER KNOWN AS THE “WAITEMATA” OR “SPARKLING WATERS.” RANGITOTO, VESUVIUS LIKE, DOMINATES THE BACKGROUND. 47 Washington The Nation-Builder BICENTENNIAL POEM Written especially for the CELEBRATION OF THE TWO HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF GEORGE WASHINGTON By EDWIN MARKHAM Author of “The Man With the Hoe”

A Spartan mother called him into Time, And when the Scroll was signed and the glad Bell And kindled duty in him as a flame; Of Independence echoed round the world. While he was schooled by the primeval hills He led his tattered host on stubborn fields, Barefoot and hungry, thru the ice and mire— Of old Virginia—schooled by her mighty woods, Thru dolors, valors, desperations, dreams— Where Indians war-whooped and the wild beast prowled. Thru Valley Forge on to world-startling hours His name was written on no college scroll; When proud Cornwallis yielded up his sword. But he drank wisdom from the wilderness. And all the way, down to the road’s last bend, Cool Judgment whispered to his listening mind. The mountains poured into his soul their strength, Where there was faltering, he was there as faith; The rocks their fortitude, the stars their calm. Where there was weakness, he was there as strength; Where there was discord, he was there as peace. He grew a silent man; Yet carried on all roads His trust was in the Ruler of Events— The lofty courtesies, the high reserves. In Him who watches. He could say, “The ends He seemed to know, even in this noise of time, Are in God's hands. I trust, The solemn quiets of Eternity, But while I trust I battle.” In this creed, His soul took refuge and his heart found rest. But fiery energy, a live crater, slept When, after Yorktown, all the guns were husht, Under that mountain calm; yet never blazed Still was our Chieftain on a battle line. Into a passion, save in some black hour Fighting old laws, old manners, old beliefs. When craven souls betrayed the people. Then He fought the outworn old, And lit new torches for the march ahead. He was all sword and flame, a god in arms.

With the heart of a child, the wisdom of a sage, Life tried his soul by all the tests of time—• He toiled with no self to serve. By hardship, treachery, ingratitude; Yes, even by victory and the loud applause. He grew in greatness, year by luminous year When fortune flung to him a crown, he flung Until he carried empire in his brain. The bauble back and followed the People’s dream. Yet if no Cause, no high commanding Cause, He turned from all the tempters, Had called him to the hazard of the deed, Stood firm above the perils of success— Stood like Monadnock high above the clouds. None would have guessed his power To build a nation out of chaos, give To her the wings of soaring destinies. He did the day’s work that was given him; But at the Hour, the People knew their Man, He toiled for men until he flamed with God. Now in his greatness, ever superbly lone, The one ordained of Heaven, ordained to stand He moves in his serene eternity, In the deadly breach and hold the gate for God. Like far Po’aris wheeling on the North.

48 The Youngest Country On Earth

By WALTER F. BOYLE, Consul, Auckland, New Zealand CN EOLOGICALLY speaking, this title may New Zealand as two little dots under the wing f be wrong by a million years. Also it is of Australia, believe them not. Instead, get in granted that there are many younger gov¬ a motor car at the northern end of the North ernments. But reckoned from the coming of Island of New Zealand and you have before you European colonization and the setting up of any a drive of over 700 miles before you reach kind of government at all, New Zealand is cer¬ Wellington at its southern end. Then ferry tainly the youngest country in the World. There across the Cook Strait for some 40 miles to Picton are people living today who are as old as New and you have before you a drive equally long, if Zealand. you proceed all the way to Invercargill, the most Tasman sailed along the coasts and named the southerly rail point in the world, and save for country. Captain Cook landed and explored, a Magellan, in Chile, the world’s southernmost city. few missionaries came, but not until 1840 did Cap¬ And so right here at the bottom of the world, tain Hobson land and thousands of miles proclaim the country a away, smiling beneath British Colony. Then the Southern Cross, lies came the colonists. Here a fair green land. A to transplant the insti¬ land of sunshine and tutions, the life, the showers. Of ferns and creeds, the culture, of flowers. Of snow¬ the British Isles. In capped mountains and the farthest Antipodes evergreen hills. Of to found a civilization crystal mountain lakes like unto that we know and steaming geysers. in America. Of soft lights and deli¬ But this fair land cate coloring. was inhabited by a war¬ A temperate zone like race. European oc¬ land of rare beauty. cupation was valiantly As green as Ireland. In contested by its aborigi¬ places as rugged and as nal people, the Maoris. grand as Switzerland. There be told tales As British as Great of how when, because Britain. of lack of food and A new country where ammunition, the whites almost the foremost were wont to abandon Photo from W. F. Boyle secondary industry is the siege of a Maori QUEEN STREET, AUCKLAND printing and publishing. stronghold, the besieged (The flag is flying from Consular Offices) Where they have . . . Maoris would send them supplies of both food But no. This is not to relate how many radio and ammunition, so that the fight might go on. sets they have, nor how many motor cars they There be those who question this story. But it drive, per capita, or any other way. But it is fairly illustrates the code of the Maori. to relate that you will here find the maximum Now for over half a century Maori and of hospitality, per capita, and every other way. “Pakeha,” as the white is called, live side by side The Auckland Province is the butter box of in peace and good will. New Zealand is proud the British Empire. From its evergreen pas¬ of her native race. tures, dotted with lowing kine, at least it is pre¬ The Maori is blessed with an exalted imagina¬ sumed that they low at times, there is pro¬ tion and the power to express it in terms of high¬ duced . . . But no, we must stick by our prom¬ est eloquence. ise that this is not to be a statistical stor}'. When you look at your maps and they show Quite naturally before you set out for New 49 Zealand you will have consulted many worth¬ Later we will drive to the top of Mt. Eden. while books thereon. Yet you arrive with the A member of the United States Congress, pass¬ idea still lingering in the back part of your head ing through Auckland on a twenty-thousand that you are entering a geographically isolated mile jaunt, said of this view, that it would always land. You expect to find a provincial and a back¬ linger with him as the most refreshingly beau- ward people. A people who because of their iso¬ tful, delicately tinted, and softly lighted picture lation are somewhat out of step with the world. it had ever been his good fortune to behold, But what a mistake you have made. True, in Mt. Eden is an extinct volcano, with a crater a land as big as the Middle Atlantic States there a hundred feet deep, and within a radius of five are only a million and a half people. But what miles there are said to be sixty-five extinct an effective million and a half. What a traveled craters. people. Seemingly every third person has been The white flecks which we see dotting the “home,” to England. And about half of these sparkling waters of the “Waitemata” are not have visited the United States on the way. the wings of sea birds, save in a figurative sense. New Zealand has other than scenic beauties, They are the sails of pleasure craft off for a as witness the brides taken unto themselves by week-end cruise among the hundred and odd American Consular Officers. beautiful bays hidden among the islands and Some day if you are lucky you may be cast for along the shores of the forty-odd miles of the duty in Auckland. It may be your privilege to Hauraki Gulf. sail by “Rangitoto,” standing sentinel over the Now we are going to lunch at the Northern beautiful bay known to the Maoris as the “Waite- Club. You will like the home-like atmosphere. And if you are a really sociable fellow and mata,” or sparkling waters. A wisp of smoke like clean and bright entertainment you will cer¬ over its summit and it might be taken for Ve¬ tainly join up with the “Savages” and the suvius. “Orphans.” It might be in order to tell you A friend will take you in a motor car and zig¬ what they are. But then there does not seem to zag in between and over the hills on which the be anything like them anywhere else, and the city is builded. You will be pleased with the im¬ telling would be a story by itself. mense park-like area in the heart of the city, On the Eve of the King’s Birthday you will known as the Domain. You will linger before dine with the Consular Corps at their annual the War Memorial, a marbled structure on classic dinner. If you are a good fellow you may sit Greek lines. An edifice that would do honor to at the right hand of the Dean. any city in the world. Yet everything must have an end. Even a You will stand uncovered in front of the consular sojourn in Auckland. And so some Cenotaph. You will begin to realize that this day when the Service calls you on, when the re¬ country’s claim to be British is rooted deep. For ceding green hills sink beneath the blue waters in the World War it gave of its manhood, its of the Pacific, if your lips utter that which your treasure, and its blood; generously, thoroughly, heart speaketh, then will they say, “New Zealand loyally, and unostentatiously. I love you.”

Photo from W. F. Boyle. THE WAR MEMORIAL AT AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND 50 Palma: The City of Dreams and Battles

By ROLLIN R. WINSLOW, Consul, Trieste IN THE fertile plains of the Italian Friuli Venice was compelled to retire to the left bank about 56 kilometers from Trieste and 117 of the Isonzo and surrender territories to the kilometers from Venice, lies a gem of the north. sixteenth century fortress construction formerly Palma was chosen by the Venetian Senate as known as Palma but now, for some unknown the most logical point for an outpost within the reason, called Palmanova. Palmanova with its new confines of the Republic and Sier Marcan- moss-grown battlements and grass-covered moat tonio Barbaro was appointed to direct the con¬ is seldom visited, and little known, to modern struction of the fortress. Barbaro was given tourists but the Palma of old is well known to power to impose the death penalty and was au¬ students of history since it was once an impor¬ thorized to draw up to 300 ducats for the pur¬ tant bulwark of Italian civilization against in- chase of building implements. The fortress was vasons from the north. constructed in part with sums raised by a tax Unlike many other cities of historical interest known as the “mezza tansa e mezza decima” in Europe, Palmanova which was imposed has not outgrown its upon the Venetian venerable walls, and nobles, and partly with passing out of it over 167,940 ducats contrib¬ its ancient drawbridges uted by the nobility, one enters immediately the clergy and people into the country. It of the cities situated on retains an atmosphere the mainland. Padua, of the sixteenth cen¬ Treviso, Rovigo, Bres¬ tury unmarred by mod¬ cia, Vicenza, Bergamo ern buildings and the and Verona all made garishness of twentieth contributions. The land century signboards. was owned in part by Even the strident the c o m m u n e and scream of the automo¬ partly by private per¬ bile is a rarity since sons, the latter being products are still informed by a Vene¬ brought to market in tian decree dated Jan¬ picturesque wagons, uary 29, 1594, that “no hand-hewn, and drawn compensation would by p 1 a c i d, plodding be provided since the oxen. THE UDINE GATE, PALMANOVA new fortress was for A visitor within the the benefit of all con¬ walls of Palma becomes imbued with a desire to cerned.” know its history and since this history (outside The work was begun in 1593. A medal com¬ of the part the city played as an outpost), is memorating the occasion which was buried in little known and has only become available the foundation was inscribed with the motto, through a friend who makes such things a “In Hoc Signo Tuta” and below was written: hobby, I offer the following abbreviated ac¬ “FORIJULII ITALIAE ET CHRIS. FIDEI count for the consideration of those who would PROPUGNACULUM”; on the reverse side was stray from the beaten paths and explore the by¬ the Venetian lion emerging from the sea armed ways. with a sword and subscribed, “A. D. 1593. Pas- The “Lega di Cambrai” which was formed in cale Ciconia Duce Venetiae, etc.” 1508 bv Louis XII of France, Ferdinand II of Manuscripts indicate that Venetians were very Spain, Pope Julius II and the Austrian Emperor proud of the Palma fortress and not without Maximilian against the Republic of Venice re¬ reason if one is to credit the report that Napoleon sulted in the Peace of Vormazia under which asserted it to be the ideal fortress of the period. 51 It. was considered a marvel of the age that Venice, in a few years’ time, was able to erect the fort in a place where formerly only “wild beasts roamed.” Though Palma served its pur¬ pose as a strong outpost in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, its strength dwindled with the waning power of the Venetian lion. In 1797, after 30,000 Croatians of Quasad- owich has been routed by Napo¬ leon at Bassano, they took ref¬ uge in Palma with the secret consent of the Venetian Re¬ public. Austria obtained possession of the fort in a novel manner on March 3, 1797. An Austrian INTERIOR VIEW OF UDINE GATE, PALMANOVA major, De Corte, arrived in a carriage at dawn in company with another officer officers unsheathed their swords and insisted and two servants. He informed the guards that on the doors being opened for the entry of an it was necessary for him to see the officer in army corps. charge immediately. On gaining entry, the two In April Bergamo, Brescia and Verona rc-

52 volted against Napoleon and the unrest spread and the French General, Massena, advanced into to the Friuli. Taking these uprisings as an ex¬ the Friuli and re-occupied Palma on November cuse and claiming Venice as the instigator, Na¬ 19. At Fontainbleau in 1807 a clause was added poleon declared war on the Republic and his to the Treaty of Presburg designating the army occupied Palma on May 3, 1797. The story Isonzo river as the boundary between Austria is told that Venetian soldiers after leaving the and Italy, so Palma was restored to the latter. fort refused to surrender their standard and On April 14, 1809, the Austrians besieged the after kissing it they burned it and tossed the city with four mounted mortars brought from ashes to the wind while the French looked on Trieste but they later retired. from the battlements without disturbing the Though Austria again occupied the Fruili in demonstration. 1813, Palma did not surrender. However in Later Napoleon sold the fort to Austria in¬ 1814, under the terms of the armistice signed at cluding in the contract of sale the land between Schiarino-Rizzino, Palma was given to Austria the Isonzo and the Adige rivers. Austria, after and the Csivitch Croats entered the city on April taking possession, repaired the fortress, imposed 19, with myrtle wreaths crowning their helmets. heavy tax burdens on the population, prohibited Since that day Palma has seen many vicissi¬ the export of oxen and grain and proceeded to tudes not excluding some during the Great War amass large stores of ammunition. Famine vis¬ when the Austrian army occupied the city after ited the city in 1803 and death walked the streets the retreat of Caporetto. Italian troops entered before “100 staia of wheat and 7,000 pounds of the city again in November, 1918, and since then pork” arrived from Trieste and Spalato (Split) it has been in the possession of the land which to relieve the suffering. gave it birth. The Austrians were defeated on October 30, For those who would step back into the ro¬ 1805, after renewing the war against Napoleon mantic past, a visit to Palmanova is suggested.

Photo from Charles J. Pisar. AMERICAN CONSULATE, SALONIKI, GREECE 53 TEN YEARS AGO (From issue of February, 1922) The opening article was entitled, “Heng- stler Glances Back: How the Consular PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN Bureau has developed in the 24 years SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. which have elapsed since its present Chief The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly ‘joined up.’ ” The picture which accom¬ by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also panied the article might almost serve for open to private subscription in the United States and abroad today; the occupant of the desk looks the at the rate of $Jt.OO a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, same, his hair perhaps a little greyer for Washington, D. C. all the stress and strain of the passing Copyright, 1932. by the American Foreign Service Association. years; but the desk and the room is as familiar as ever to all in the Service. The American Foreign There is also an interesting photograph Service Association of the staff of the Consular Bureau, and Honorary President among those in it can be seen several men HENRY L. STIMSON Secretary of State who are now in the Foreign Service, and also Harry A. Flavens, Harvey B. Otter- Honorary Vice-Presidents man, Glenn A. Smith, Albert Caffee, Miss Dix, Mrs. Nelson Wood, Miss Borjes, and W. R. CASTLE, JR Undersecretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State many others well known to the Service. FRANCIS WHITE Assistant Secretary of State JAMES GRAFTON ROGERS Assistant Secretary of State HARVEY H. BUNDY Assistant Secretary of State That number also contains an illustrated article by Nelson T. Johnson on John Howard Payne, American Consul at Tunis ARTHUR BLISS LANE ...President GEORGE S. MESSERSMITH Vice-President (1851-52), and author of that poem of world renown, “Home, Sweet Home.” EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE HOMER M. BYINGTON, Chairman; HERSCHEL V. JOHN¬ SON, Vice Chairman; PIERRE DE L. BOAL; ORME Portraits appeared in that issue of Henry WILSON; and WALTER A. FOOTE P. Fletcher, Under secretary of State, but Alternates: then recently appointed Ambassador to Belgium, Joseph C. Crew, recently ap¬ HORACE LEE WASHINGTON GEORGE TAIT pointed Minister to Switzerland, and Charles S. Wilson, Minister to Bulgaria. MAXWELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer of the Association Congratulations were extended to Mr. and Entertainment Committee: A. DANA HODGDON, Chairman; Mrs. James B. Stewart on the birth of their PETER H. A. FLOOD and H. FREEMAN MATTHEWS daughter, Mary, at Denver, Colo., on De¬ cember 16, 1921. Mr. Stewart was then JOURNAL STAFF Consul at Chihuahua. AUGUSTUS E. INGRAM Editor JAMES B. STEWART Consulting Editor Consul General Charles C. Eberhardt WALTER A. FOOTE Associate Editor wrote from Australia acknowledging re¬ MARSHALL M. VANCE Business Manager ceipt of the news of his election as Presi¬ CLAYSON W. ALDRIDGE Treasurer of Journal dent of the Consular Association, and say¬ ing many kind and helpful things in regard The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and voluntary association embracing most of the members of Ihe to our publication, which was then in its Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the infancy. purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of tne Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish P. center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. 54 «

THE Secretary of State and Mrs. Henry L. Jr., of the Secretariat, had previously sailed for Stimson, following the custom of many Europe, but Mr. David McK. Key, of the Sec¬ years standing, entertained at breakfast on retariat, sailed on the President Harding. Mr. New Year’s Day in honor of the foreign Diplo¬ Robert Thompson Pell, who will have charge of matic Corps, in the Pan American Union Build¬ the press relations for the American delegation, ing. Other high officials of the Government and has been in Europe for some time. members of the Department of State were also present. The Secretary and Mrs. Stimson re¬ General Dawes having resigned to accept the ceived at the north end of the Hall of Flags, presidency of the Reconstruction Finance Cor¬ standing at the head of the wide marble stair¬ poration, it was announced on January 19 by way. After presentation, the guests proceeded President Hoover that Secretary Stimson has into the spacious Hall of the Americas, where a undertaken the chairmanship of the delegation delicious buffet breakfast was served. Music to the Arms Conference at Geneva. The Sec¬ was provided by the Marine Band Orchestra, sta¬ retary will not attend the opening meetings but tioned in the patio, presenting in all a scene of will take part in the work of the commission beauty with its palms, tropical plants and birds of after the preliminaries have been disposed of. brilliant plumage. Huge red poinsettias gave Ambassador Gibson will be acting chairman of touches of vivid coloring to the decorations the delegation. throughout the building. This diplomatic break¬ On January 21 Secretary Stimson sent a fast is generally considered one of the outstand¬ radiogram to Senator Swanson on board the ing features of the Washington social season. S. S. President Harding expressing, in anticipa¬ tion of the time when he will be free to join the The American delegation to the General Dis¬ delegation, his “heartiest good wishes for the armament Conference at Geneva, with the excep¬ voyage and for an auspicious initiation of the tion of those who had already proceeded to conference.” Senator Swanson replied saying Europe, sailed on January 20 from New York, that Mr. Stimson’s message and the hope that he N. Y., on the S. S. President Harding. Those will be free to join them in his task has encour¬ who sailed on the President Harding included aged all of them to hasten the preparation that the following: Honorable Claude A. Swanson, will make his coming significant in the interest United States Senator, delegate, and Doctor Mary of world understanding. Emma Woolley, delegate. The delegates above mentioned were accompanied by Mr. J. Theodore Major General Frank R. McCoy, United Marriner, Counselor of Embassy, adviser for the States Army, who has been appointed as the State Department; Brigadier-General George S. American member of the League of Nations Simonds, adviser for the Army, and Rear Ad¬ Commission of inquiry in Manchuria, has ar¬ miral Arthur J. Hepburn, adviser for the Navy rived in Washington from Atlanta, Ga., where Department. The following named technical ad¬ he has been Commanding General, 4th Corps visers also sailed on the S. S. President Harding: Area. General McCoy has taken an office in Mr. S. Pinkney Tuck, First Secretary of Em¬ the Department of State, in preparation for his bassy, for the State Department; Lieutenant- new duties. The other members of the League Colonel George V. Strong, Major James B. Ord of Nations Commission will proceed to Man¬ and Major James E. Chaney, for the Army; Cap¬ churia via the United States, and will doubtless tain A. H. Van Keuren, Commander Thomas C. be joined by General McCoy before sailing. He Kinkaid, and Commander Richmond K. Turner, has previously had contact with the activities of for the Navy. Mr. James Clement Dunn, Secre¬ the Foreign Service through his services as special tary of the Secretariat, and Mr. Samuel Reber, representative of the President in Nicaragua. On December 24, the Secretary of State an¬ it touches upon many of the vital problems now nounced the appointment of Mr. Harry A. Mc¬ before the Department of State. Mr. Castle’s Bride as Assistant to the Secretary of State. speech will be found in the Department’s printed Mr. McBride, who was well known in the For¬ press releases. eign Service and who resigned therefrom on Attention is also invited to Mr. Castle’s ad¬ August 31, 1922, reentered the service of the De¬ dress of January 5 over the National Broadcast¬ partment of State on November 1, 1930, as As¬ ing Company’s Blue Network. This speech will sistant Chief of the Foreign Service Buildings also be found in the printed press releases. Office of the Department of State. On February Dr. Theodore Marriner, Counselor of the 4, 1931, he was appointed Executive Assistant to American Embassy at Paris and now Adviser to Assistant Secretary Carr, and on March 27, the American Delegation to the General Disarma¬ 1931, Acting Chief Clerk of the Department. ment Conference at Geneva, delivered an interest¬ He had been acting as Assistant to the Secretary ing address on December 19, 1931, before the of State since August, 1931. Chicago Council on Foreign Relations. On December 24, 1931, Mr. Hugh S. Cum- Special attention is also invited to the address ming, Jr., was also transferred from the position delivered by Mr. S. W. Boggs, Geographer of of Technical Adviser in the Visa Division to the the Department of State, on December 31, be¬ Secretary’s Office. Mr. Gumming was formerly fore the Association of American Geographers on the staff of the Legation at Peiping, and has at Ypsilanti, Mich., on “Boundary Functions and been on duty in the Department as a drafting the Principles of Boundary Making.” officer since 1928. Dr. Herbert Feis, the Department’s Economic On December 24, the Secretary announced the Adviser, delivered an address on January 18 be¬ appointment of Mr. Clinton Edson MacEachran fore the Seventh Conference of the National as Chief Clerk of the Department of State. Mr. Committee on the Cause and Cure of War. Dr. MacEachran, who was also formerly in the For¬ Feis’ subject was “What Has the Banking and eign Service, has been Assistant Chief of the Monetary System to do with the Economic Di¬ Commercial Office of the Department of State. lemma?” As Dr. Feis is well known for his Friends of Messrs. McBride, MacEachran, and writings on economics and finance and as his sub¬ Cumming will not only congratulate them on ject is exceptionally timely, the members of the these appointments in the Department, but the Foreign Service will undoubtedly find the speech Foreign Service as a whole is no doubt delighted a very interesting one. The address will be found that former members of the Service have re¬ in the printed press releases. ceived these appointments. Mrs. Castle entertained at tea on January 18 The members of the State Department Corre¬ and January 25. The guests were membors of spondents’ Association gave a dinner at the May¬ the diplomatic corps, members of Congress, and flower Hotel on the night of January 16 in honor officials of the Department of State as well as of the Secretary of State. In addition to the other Government officials. Secretary of State, practically all of the heads of diplomatic missions in Washington were also Assistant Secretary and Mrs. Wilbur J. Carr guests. The State Department was represented began their regular Sunday afternoon at-homes at the dinner by Undersecretary Castle, Assistant on January 3. These at-homes will continue Secretaries Wilbur J. Carr, James G. Rogers, through January and February. and Harvey H. Bundy; and Michael J. McDer¬ mott and Walter A. Foote, of the Division of The Association known as the Women of Current Information. the American Foreign Service held its monthly luncheon on January 12 at the Cosmos Club. Since the last issue of the FOREIGN SERVICE There was an attendance of over 50 ladies, and JOURNAL, important speeches have been delivered the meeting proved most enjoyable. by the officers of the Department as stated below: Undersecretary William R. Castle, Jr., de¬ Consul General Cornelius Ferris, who retired livered a highly interesting address on January 4 March 31, 1931, has decided to make his home before the Women’s National Republican Club, in Washington, and has purchased a residence at New York City. Foreign Service officers will un¬ 3921 Morrison Street, N. W., where he and Mrs. doubtedly be interested in reading this speech as Ferris will be pleased to see their friends. 56 STAFF OF THE AMERICAN CONSULATE, VERA CRUZ, MEXICO, SEPTEMBER 24, 1931 FROM THE VISITORS’ REGISTER, ROOM 115, DEPARTMENT OF STATE Seated, left to right—Leo. Toclt, Vice Consul; L. G. Dazv- son, Consul; IVm. Karnes, Vice Consul. Standing— 1931 Manuel J. Graham. Clerk; Miss Jose fine Lopez, Clerk; H. D. Finley, San Salvador Dec. 17 Joseph E. Maleady, Clerk; Dr. H. E. Gimler, U.S.P.H.S; Clare H. Timberlake, Buenos Aires “ 17 Arnulfo Dazan, Messenger. Kimberly Bowman, Riga “ 18 John S. Richardson, Jr., Tananarive “ 21 A recital under the patronage of Mrs. Hoover, was Reginald S. Kazanjian, Habana “ 21 graciously given in Constitution Hall, Washington, D. C„ Harold Sliantz, Singapore “ 21 on Monday evening, January 25, by Ignace Jan Pade¬ Lewis R. Stuyvesant, Culcutta “ 22 rewski, for the benefit of the nation’s unemployed. A F. W. B. Coleman, Riga “ 22 large audience, which included practically all official F. P. Latimer, Jr., Tallinn “ 23 Washington, was present, and among the many box G. Howland Shaw, Istanbul “ 28 parties on that occasion were those given by Secretary Arthur T. Flavin, Curacoa “ 28 and Mrs. Stimson, Mr. and Mrs. Castle, Mr. and Mrs. Emil Sauer, Toronto “ 28 Carr, and several other State Department officials. The Charles C. Eberhardt, San Jose “ 28 great pianist and former prime minister of Poland re¬ James Loder Park, Addis Ababa “ 29 ceived a great ovation upon his entrance. Cecil B. Lyon, Habana “ 29 John Hamlin, Buenos Aires “ 31 John H. MacVeagh, Paris “ 31 1932 M. L. Stafford, Santo Domingo Jan. 2 N. Bronson Williams, Rosario “ 2 Arnold Van Benschoten, Halifax, N. S.... “ 4 Douglas Jenkins, Jr., Mazatlan “ 4 Hedley V. Cooke, Santo Domingo “ 4 Clare H, Timberlake, Buenos Aires “ 6 William John Wilson, Jr„ Mexico City.... “ 6 James C. H. Bonbright, Ottawa “ 7 Frances E. Willis, Stockholm “ 8 Otis W. Rhoades, Kobe “ 13 Franklin J, Kelly, Bristol, England “ 13 Irving N. Linnell, Cape Town “ 14 Ralph Townsend, Foochow “ 14 Rufus H. Lane, Jr„ Patras “ 14 Waldo E. Bailey, Montevideo “ 15 Edward B. Rand, Antofagasta “ 15 Cecil B. Lyon, Habana “ 16 Photo by F. R. Stewart. C. B. Curtis, San Salvador “ 18 AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, VIENNA Chancellery, looking toward principal officer’s room 57 months of most unrelaxing effort on the part of the permanent personnel. They must not only per¬ sonally maintain a high output of work under great pressure but are responsible for the work of the untrained additional help. When it is re¬ membered that a clerk examining a passport ap¬ plication must have in mind the applicability of about 35 laws and all the regulations thereunder as well as appropriate treaty provisions, and must he vigilant for the detection of fraud or decep¬ tion, the withholding of material facts, the altera¬ tion of documents, and in cases where there is in¬ sufficiency of evidence must endeavor to procure it from any known government or other source, some idea of the strain of these months of rush work will be obtained. During the rush season of each year for the past several years, 1,250 pass¬ ports daily have been issued over a continuing period of weeks. In addition to these activities the Division is RUTH B. SHIPLEY constantly solving intricate problems involving Chief, Transport Division conflict of laws, treaty rights, foreign military service cases, fraudulent naturalization, etc. It PASSPORT DIVISION, DEPARTMENT also is constantly engaged in the study of the vari¬ OF STATE ous laws in operation and prepares and suggests The duties of the Passport Division consist changes to remove unexpected or unnecessary primarily in the examination and adjudication of hardship upon citizens and their families. applications for passports, registrations and re¬ During the past few years the installation of newals ; the determination of citizenship ques¬ power-driven machinery has taken the place of tions and the right to protection; the issue of the hand-swung seals and the rubber stamping passports; the supervision of the several Pass¬ formerly done by hand on all passports issued. port Agencies and the passport work of consular An effort has been made to standardize as far as officers, Governors of the Insular Possessions and possible the passports issued in Washington. It those clerks of courts authorized by law to take is impossible, however, to attain any real degree passport applications. The responsibilities of the of perfection since there still remains a great Division in connection with the issue, renewal deal of handwork on each passport. It is ap¬ and amendment of passports have materially in¬ preciated that standardization would be exceed¬ creased since the act restricting immigration be¬ ingly helpful to the officers in the field engaged came effective for there is persistent effort to ob¬ in the detection of fraud and efforts toward that tain American passports for aliens by the use of end are unremitting. fraudulent documents, by false impersonation During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1931, and by alteration of valid passports. The diffi¬ 163,904 passports were issued or renewed to culties with respect to determination of citizen¬ American citizens and 18,772 American citizens ship and right to protection have increased tre¬ residing abroad were registered in American con¬ mendously by reason of the changes in the Amer¬ sulates. A special effort was made to persuade ican laws in recent years and the fact that prac¬ as many American citizens as possible to register tically all countries of the world have revised because the work of recent claims commissions their law and practice in citizenship matters dur¬ has clearly indicated the difficulty of establish¬ ing the past 10 years. ing after the passage of years the American char¬ While the technical work of the Passport Divi¬ acter of such claims where the owner has failed to sion continues steadily throughout the year, about obtain a passport or to register as an American 60 percent of the passports issued in any year are citizen at the appropriate American consulate dur¬ handled during the months March. April, May ing his foreign residence. A great deal of re¬ and June, and necessitate the annual employ- search work has been carried on tracing these ment of temporary employes. This means four claims to American citizenship through old rec- 58 orcls of the Department of State and of other tion. A great deal of technical work was in¬ Departments—a work made exceedingly difficult volved in procuring indictments and assisting in by death c-f the original claimant in some cases the prosecution of these matters as well as in the and a general scarcity of official documentary intensive investigations necessary to uncover the evidence concerning the nationality of the claim¬ attempted frauds. Investigations in more than ants. However, the Division has been success¬ 300 cases of suspected fraud were instituted and ful in many instances in furnishing data estab¬ are being actively conducted. When it is under¬ lishing the American nationality of claimants, stood that approximately 1 percent of passports thus enabling the claims commissions to sponsor issued have any element of fraud in them it will these claims. In many cases large sums were readily be appreciated that it is not possible to involved, in other cases the amounts were smaller, inconvenience the remaining 99 percent by estab¬ but always there was present the need for an im¬ lishing safeguards and precautions too onerous portant service which only the Government could for travelers in general in an effort to apprehend render. the small number whose cases have elements of A general census of Americans resident in for¬ fraud. This situation adds difficulties to the eign countries was taken and tabulated according work. It is believed, however, that the convic¬ to countries, as well as consular districts. These tion of persons guilty of fraud, as well as de¬ data are particularly valuable in case of local dis¬ portation of the aliens involved, is the best method turbances or disaster, as it permits a fairly ac¬ of putting a stop to a practice which is so lucrative curate estimate of American lives to be made at as to make it interesting to unscrupulous persons. once even though the persons involved have During the past year it was developed that failed to avail themselves of the registration fa¬ fraudulant Porto Rican birth certificates were be¬ cilities. This census was compiled from all avail¬ ing presented in New York on a large scale. The able local sources in the various consular dis¬ investigations made in connection with this mat¬ tricts and is considered to be the most accurate ter have resulted in practically eliminating the information on this subject procurable. presentation of these cases. American passports A detailed analysis of travel from the United for persons claiming Porto Rican citizenship were States as shown by passport applications was desired not only to evade the restrictive immigra¬ undertaken January 1, 1931, and conducted tion act but to evade also the provisions of the throughout the year. This analysis with respect coastwise shipping laws of the United States. to permanent residence of travelers, object of The Department has established in certain travel, destination, occupation, etc., is valuable fraud centers abroad special practices regarding not only to the Government but is used by steam¬ identification, authentication of documents and in ship companies, tourist agencies, newspapers, and many cases special investigations all tending to other business enterprises. make difficult the use of bona fide American citi¬ The Passport Division has been particularly zenship documents by aliens. An increased num¬ active during the past year in establishing meas¬ ber of applications for passports by persons not ures looking to the prevention of fraud in pass¬ heretofore recognized as American citizens have port matters and to the prosecution and punish¬ been subjected to special investigations in the ment of persons engaged in fraud in connection United States through the cooperation of Fed¬ with passports. The Department has for some eral, state and municipal authorities whose vigi¬ time been endeavoring to carry on this work and lance and assistance in fraud prevention work the has been successful in the past in the detection Department believes will materially decrease the of a limited number of frauds and in one in¬ possibilities of fraud. stance in bringing about the confiscation of an In order to make the alteration of passports entire counterfeiting plant. However, during the more difficult, on January 2, 1931, the Department [)ast year by reason of the increased restriction established the use of passport writing machines of alien travel, vigorous measures have been nec¬ with a special type not on the commercial market essary to meet the additional incentive to obtain and employing a ribbon of special make so that American passports to permit aliens to enter the the actual alteration of passports is made exceed¬ United States fraudulently. As a result of the ingly difficult. A study of other means of pre¬ increased activity in this regard 27 convictions venting alteration of passports continues and the har e been obtained of persons violating the pass¬ services of specialists in all branches of the Gov¬ port laws and sentences imposed from three ernment have been utilized and their unfailing weeks and deportation to five years and deporta¬ cooperation has been most helpful. It is appre- 59 dated that while it is almost impossible to make a Department of Justice in collecting fraud data passport not susceptible to alteration in the hands has put at the disposal of the Passport Division of skilled persons, nevertheless, anything which a large force of trained experts and has main¬ makes alteration increasingly difficult is well tained a quality in all phases of the work which worth while. All actions taken in fraud work, would have been impossible were not these local in addition to preventing or punishing violators agencies of the Government available. In addi¬ of the law, tend to maintain the value and in¬ tion to the home service constituted as above, all tegrity of an American passport in the eyes of consular establishments and many of the missions foreign officials or others to whom the document deal with passport and citizenship matters in may be presented for identification, or as evi¬ varying degree. There are 187 passport issuing dence of citizenship and right to protection. officers in the Foreign Service and 293 consular Perhaps the feature of the work of the Pass¬ offices authorized to renew passports under the port Division, which is unique, is the fact that it Act of July 1, 1930. Each passport, registration lias in the United States some 3,900 Clerks of and renewal application wherever handled is sub¬ Courts and 6 Passport Agents operating under its jected to careful review in the Department of di rection in passport matters, constituting in ef¬ State and final approval or disapproval placed fect a domestic force of large proportions. The thereon upon the action taken. The approval in effective work of the Clerks of Courts in the tak¬ individual cases consists of silence; the disap¬ ing of passport applications and in the preven¬ proval is more specific, hut seldom voiced since tion of fraud through means of more careful it is not often that these questions are super¬ identification in the local area where the applicant ficially treated by the officers to whom the cases resides has proven of great assistance in the ef¬ are presented. The permanent record of all na¬ forts being made to eliminate fraud. The use of tionality questions—individual and general—is the services of Postmasters throughout the United maintained in Washington. States to assist in the establishment of the au¬ While the cases presented for determination in thenticity of documents presented in connection connection with the work of the Passport Divi¬ with applications made both at home and abroad, sion afford a most interesting and fascinating the assistance of Immigration Officials in the study, the real incentive in this work is the great United States and the help of the Agents of the human interest running through all phases of it.

Photo from if. S. Tewell. VANCOUVER, B. C. 60 >JHE^MERICANJHOREIGN gEKVICE JOURNAL

News Items From The Field

LONDON Since the middle of November the following DECEMBER 29, 1931. American diplomatic officers have been in Paris in connection with the discussions relative to the Consul General Albert Halstead returned from Sino-Japanese' situation in Manchuria: Ambas¬ his visit to the United States on December 18, sador Charles G. Dawes, from London; G. How¬ 1931. He left a few days later for a short visit land Shaw, Counselor of Embassy at Istanbul; to his wife and daughter, Miss Margaret Hal¬ and Eugene H. Doornail, First Secretary of Em¬ stead, who is singing during the winter season in bassy at London. the Cologne Opera. Members of the Service will regret to learn of Counselor of Embassy Norman Armour and the death in Paris, on November 13, 1931, of Mrs. Armour spent several days recently in Lon¬ Mrs. Elma E. Dows Thaw, mother of Diplomatic don visiting friends. Mr. and Mrs. Armour have Secretary Benjamin Thaw. Funeral services left for Switzerland where they will spend some were held at the American Cathedral Church of time before returning to Paris where Mr. Armour Paris. will resume his duties as Counselor of Embassy. Consul Charles R. Nasmith and Mrs. Nasmith Ambassador Hugh S. Gibson called at the spent a few days in Paris recently, on their way American Embassy in London while here re¬ to their new post at Marseille. They were previ¬ cently. ously at Porto Alegre, Brazil. Other Consular visitors during the month were: Consul General George E. Chamberlin has Consul Harold Shantz, from Singapore, on his been transferred from Glasgow to Halifax and way to America on home leave; and Consuls is expected to proceed to his new post early in Davis and Broy from London. the new year. Thanksgiving dinners were held this year by Consul Russell M. Brooks spent Christmas in the American Club of Paris and the local post of France while on leave of absence. the American Legion. Among the guests of honor at the Legion dinner, held at the Hotel Third Secretary of Embassy George A. Arm¬ Lutetia, were: Ambassador Dawes, the French strong, who is stationed at Warsaw, Poland, Minister of War, and the Military Governor of spent a few days in London during the Christ¬ Paris. Consul Ward M. Parker Mitchell came mas holidays. down specially from Ghent to attend the Legion dinner.

Among the recent callers at the Embassy here Consul John G. Erhardt is fast gaining renown were Third Secretary of Legation L. M. Har¬ in golfing circles at Bordeaux. After giving an rison from Riga, and Mr. Charles B. Spofford, excellent account of himself in the fall handicap American Commercial Attache at Copenhagen. tournament, which is the most important one of VICE CONSUL GUY W. RAY. the year, he won the consolation cup.

PARIS The Paris Bowling League, of which the Con¬ sulate General’s team was champion last year, is DECEMBER 5, 1931. now holding its winter tournament. Although Foreign Service callers at the Embassy during the consular team is at present in second place, it November were: Arthur Bliss Lane, Counselor has its eye on the silver cup being offered to this of Embassy at Mexico City, and Winthrop S. year’s, winner. Vice Consul Marc L. Severe is Greene, Third Secretary of Legation at Berne. again leading the Consulate General’s five. 61 MARSEILLE Mrs. Mitchell and Chiquita, her 9-year-old DECEMBER 21. 1931. daughter, will spend New Year’s Day with Con¬ Miss Virginia Gamon, the daughter of Consul sul General and Mrs. Letcher in Antwerp. Mr. General and Mrs. John Arthur Gamon, was mar¬ Mitchell and Guy will be in England at that time. ried on the 8th of December at the Church of the (Mrs. Mitchell, in sending the above item about her New Jerusalem, New York City, to Mr. John son, said she always feels interested in news about the McClintock. They will be at home after the 15th children of Foreign Service officers, as such little items “keep us in touch with those we have met in our wan¬ of December at Campsie Place, Lexington, Ky. derings from post to post,” Items about children will always be welcome.—Editor.) The American Minister and Mrs. Hugh Wilson passed through Marseille on December 12, on Vice Consul and Mrs. Courtland Christiani their way from the United States to Berne. spent Thanksgiving Day in Antwerp, attending the dinner there. Vice Consul W. Newbold Walmsley, Jr., ar¬ rived in Marseille on December 12, on S. S. Ex- NAPLES, ITALY cmnbion of the American Export Line. He is proceeding to his new post at Aden. DECEMBER 11, 1931 CONSUL JAMES P. MOFFITT. The American Ambassador at Madrid, the Honorable Irwin B. Laughlin, and Mrs. and Miss ANTWERP Laughlin, who reached Naples on the S. S. Roma A very enjoyable consular party took place re¬ November 20, spent three days here before pro¬ cently at Antwerp, the occasion being the produc¬ ceeding on to Rome. tion at the Royal Flemish Opera House of Johan Strauss’ “Fledermaus.” The officers of the Consulate General with their The party consisted of Consul General and wives spent Thanksgiving Day in visiting the ar¬ Mrs. Marion Letcher and Miss Peggy Letcher chaeological discoveries at Minturno, near Formia, (Antwerp), Consul General Charles L. Hoover where the work is being carried on by the Uni¬ (Amsterdam), Consul and Mrs. Carol H. Foster versity Museum of the University of Pennsyl¬ (Rotterdam), Mrs. Mitchell, wife of Consul vania under the direction of Dr. Jotham Johnson. Parker Mitchell (Ghent), Consul and Mrs. Alex¬ The entire group, with the addition of a few other Americans, had luncheon at the Guercia Restau¬ ander P. Cruger (Malmo), Consul and Mrs. Wil¬ liam H. Beach, Vice Consul and Mrs. Harry rant in Formia, and there were 30 persons seated Tuck Sherman, Vice Consul and Mrs. Dwight W. at the long table which was placed in the open air Fisher, Dr. and Mrs. Hugh de Valin, U. S. Public under the big oak tree which gives the name to Health Service; Miss Ellen E. Saxe (all of Ant¬ the restaurant. werp) ; Dr. John McMullen, Medical Director, United States Public Health Service, and Miss Mr. William W. Schott, Second Secretary of Margaret McMullen (Paris), and Mrs. A. Ver- the Embassy in Berlin, spent his leave of absence coe (Los Angeles). in Capri and visited the Consulate General sev¬ PI. T. S. eral times during his stay in the vicinity of Naples. GHENT, BELGIUM Vice Consul George W. Renchard, Vice Con¬ DECEMBER 26, 1931. sul at Izmir, Turkey, passed through Naples on Guy Rossiter Mitchell, aged 14 years, attend¬ his way to the United States to take the oral ex¬ ing a boarding school just outside of Ghent, has aminations for the Foreign Service. the honor of being first in his class for the entire term beginning with September and ending at Christmas. For some weeks he led in French and His Excellency, Dino Grandi, Minister of For¬ received an average of more than nine-tenths on eign Affairs, with Signora Grandi, arrived in all his subjects, receiving what is called here, "La Naples on the S. S. Augustas, December 8, after Plus Grande Distinction.” His parents naturally their visit in the United States. Among the of¬ feel very proud of their American boy, the only ficials welcoming them back were Alexander Kirk, English-speaking child in a school of 350 boys Charge d’Affaires of the Embassy in Rome, and and doing all his studies in French. Consul General du Bois, of Naples. 62 BELGRADE RIGA, LATVIA Entirely in keeping with the spirit of Thanks¬ The greatest send-off ever given a foreign giving, the thought foremost in the minds of the diplomat in Riga was that accorded to the de¬ American colony at Belgrade was one of grati¬ parting American Minister, Mr. Frederick W. tude that on that day again, as during the years B. Coleman, on the occasion of his leaving for previous, their welfare had been, as one speaker Berlin on the midnight train, October 20, en said, “so charmingly and so effectively presided route to the United States for leave prior to over" by the American Minister and Mrs. Prince. taking up his new duties at Copenhagen. Never It was, then, with a double sense of satisfaction before has any Minister to Latvia been accom¬ that nearly 40 Americans sat down to a feast panied to the railroad station by a former Pres¬ of “turkey, stuffin’, cranberries and all the fixin’s.” ident of the Republic, the secretary of the Pres¬ Truly here, to paraphrase a favorite verse, was ident, the General Secretary of the Ministry of a “corner of a foreign field that is forever Ameri¬ Foreign Affairs, and practically all the chiefs of can.” Foreign Office sections. In addition, every Le¬ Outside howled the winds that sweep over Bel¬ gation in Riga was represented by the respective Ministers and secretaries or Charges d’Affaires. grade every winter, but within could be heard only the sounds of merrymaking by Americans Business men, a delegation from the National Opera (management, singers, orchestra and bal¬ performing the national ritual upon the sacrifi¬ let, including the ballet children who presented cial bird. Be it here noted that the Yugoslav flowers) also appeared at the station. Shortly turkey, while not quite so large as the American before his departure Mr. Coleman was presented grande, is equally succulent and lends himself with an antique set of Spode china by the of¬ easily to naturalization as an American citizen ficers and staffs of all the American Government upon state occasions. institutions in Riga, the Legation, the Military During the course of the dinner, the Minister and Commercial Attaches’ offices, and the Con¬ proposed toasts to the President of the United sulate, who were present at a reception to him States and to His Majesty, King Alexander, of at the Counselor’s residence. A richly bound Yugoslavia. The Secretary of Legation, Mr. album containing photographs of all the Opera William Perry George, then ably expressed the singers and dancers was also presented to him sincere affection of the Americans in Yugoslavia and many individual gifts. He was the guest of for Dr. and Mrs. Prince. honor at a farewell dinner given by the Presi¬ The remainder of the evening was given over dent, and at a luncheon given by the Minister of to music and dancing, and to voluntary entertain¬ Foreign Affairs, as well as at many dinners given ment offered by several of those attending. These him bv the Diplomatic Corps. included, incidentally, a rendition by Dr. Prince F. C. of folk songs of various nations in the original January 5, 1932. tongue. By request, he gave his Indian Rain Song, which, as invariably, was followed by storm and rain within 24 hours. One feature of the IZMIR, TURKEY evening was the dancing of the “Kolo,” the Yugo¬ Consul Herbert S. Bursley said, referring to slav national dance. the photographs of the new consular premises Those present included the Secretary of Lega¬ at Izmir transmitted by him recently (two of tion and Mrs. George, the Military Attache and which were reproduced in the last issue of the Mrs. Hazeltine, Consul and Mrs. Reed Paige JOURNAL) that his object in sending them was to Clark, the Commercial Attache and Mrs. Kekich, show that the funds provided by Congress, and the Agricultural Attache and Mrs. Michael, Trade the Department’s administration of them, makes Commissioner I. H. Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. Gibbs, it possible to house Consulates more suitably than has often been feasible in the past. He reports Mr. and Mrs. Eichelberger, Vice Consul and Mrs. that they have been having a series of house¬ Calnan, Mr. and Mrs. Schellens, Mr. and Mrs. warmings of the new building. On Thanksgiv¬ Beyerly, Mr. and Mrs. Breck, Mr. and Mrs. Low- ing Day there was practically 100 percent attend¬ rie, Mr. and Mrs. Radin, Miss Fursey, Mrs. ance of local and visiting Americans at a recep¬ Campbell and Messrs. Cheney, Walker, Stolipine, tion. A few nights before, a dinner was given Lowe and Foley. for the Governor General, and the next week a E. EICHELBERGER. number of other persons of local prominence were 63 W-.JIlgA^^iEggg^S^?gJOURN^ invited to a bridge party; that was to be followed his duties as Naval Attache for Central America, later by another party for various Turkish of¬ with headquarters at Tegucigalpa. ficials. Vice Consul R. Austin Acly took a flying trip to Bedford, N. Y., and was married to Miss ADEN, ARABIA Beatrice Wasserscheid on October 10, returning DECEMBER, 1931. to this city on October 19. Consul General and Mrs. Arthur C, Frost and Consul and Mrs. Gerald Keith passed through Mrs. Gaston Smith, wife of the American Con¬ Aden recently en route to Calcutta. sul, contributed an addition to the Colony in the person of a son, born on December 1, 1931. Mr. and Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt reached CONSUL GASTON SMITH. Aden, November 25, aboard their new yacht, the Alva. They were homeward bound after having LIMA, PERU made an extended tour of the South Sea Islands and to Australia. Lion. Fred Morris Dearing, American Ambas¬ sador to Peru, had the unique distinction on Octo¬ Mr. and Mrs. Gibson Fahnestock, of Newport, ber 4, 1931, of giving the corner stone address R. I., arrived at Aden, December 4, aboard their and sealing the corner stone of the new $250,000 yacht, the Shenandoah I'll. They sailed Decem¬ Lima (Peru) High School, on which corner stone ber 6 bound for Colombo and the Far East. The is engraved these words: “For Finer and Nobler Shenandoah III is a four-masted schooner, one Womanhood—1931.’’ of the few of its kind still in existence. In both This school and building is the culmination of instances, the owners were navigating their own the efforts of American Methodist missionaries vessels. to Peru. The money for its construction was raised by the women’s and young people’s organi¬ A Chess Club has recently been organized at zations of Methodists in the United States under Aden, of which the undersigned has been made the supervision of the Women’s Foreign Mission- honorary president. Among the members are arv Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church Major J. de la Hay Gordon, First Assistant Resi¬ (Northern), of 150 5th Avenue, New York City. dent; Mr. E. Weston, Judicial Assistant Resi¬ The teaching is done entirely in English. Kin¬ dent and Lieut. Col. M. C. Lake. The club is in dergarten work is offered for girls and boys. receipt of a letter from Dr. A. Alekhine, chess Grade, high school and commercial work is of¬ champion of the world, proposing a game by wire¬ fered for girls. The school will have a capacity less while his vessel is in radio communication of 400 day pupils and 35 boarding pupils, and with Aden. Dr. Alekhine is on his way around will maintain a staff of women teachers, six of the world and will attend the Olympic Games, at whom are American. Much credit is due to Miss Los Angeles, in 1932. Gertrude Hanks, the director of this school, for CONSUL C. HURST. this successful culmination of her untiring efforts for Peruvian girlhood. Miss Hanks hails from Meadville, Pa. TEGUCIGALPA, HONDURAS F. DAVIDSON. The American Colony of Tegucigalpa has ac¬ quired four notable additions to its Diplomatic TSINGTAO, CHINA and Consular personnel during the latter months of 1931. On October 11 Consul and Mrs. Dorsey, ac¬ companied by their two children, Lucy and Roder¬ Miss Elizabeth Jenkins, of Los Angeles, Calif, ick, left Tsingtao for home leave and Mr. Dor¬ (see notice in the December issue of the JOUR¬ sey’s new assignment at Madrid. (Later Mr. Dor¬ NAL), was married to Lawrence Higgins, the sey was assigned as Consul General at Genoa.) American Charge d’Affairs a. i., on September 11. Mr. Dorsey’s departure constituted a notable event in the annals of the Consulate. Four Major and Mrs. Harold S. Fassett, accom¬ more days would have marked the completion panied by their two children, reached this city of exactly six years since the date when he during September, and the Major entered upon first assumed charge of the office—years which 64 1- T™^rERICANpOR£IGN .SERVICE JOURNAL

witnessed, among other things, a remarkable AMOY growth in the size and commercial importance of DECEMBER 7, 1931. Tsingtao. Mr. Julean Arnold, Commercial Attache at The position of regard in which Mr. and Mrs. Shanghai and formerly Consul at Amoy from Dorsey are held by the Tsingtao community as 1908 to 1912, was the guest of Consul and Mrs. a result of its contact with their active and sym¬ Lynn W. Franklin during the month. He noted pathetic personalities was strikingly demonstrated many improvements in and around Amoy since in the final weeks preceding their departure. Per¬ his last visit. haps the most distinctive feature brought out in this respect was the fact that their friendships Admiral M. M. Taylor, U. S. N., new Com- and associations touched so many and diverse sec¬ mander-in-chief of the Asiatic Fleet, stopped in tions of the community. at Amoy and was entertained at a reception given Among the very numerous farewell manifes¬ for him by Consul and Mrs. Franklin. Approxi¬ tations of esteem accorded to the Dorseys, par¬ mately 125 guests were present, including the ticularly noteworthy were a dinner party given leading Chinese officials and members of the for¬ on October 8 by the combined American colony eign community. and a buffet luncheon given on the 10th by the Following shortly on the visit of Admiral Tay¬ Tsingtao International Club. One of the most lor, the Commander-in-Chief of the French Naval unique and touching of all the events was a beau¬ Forces in the Far East, Vice Admiral Herr, called tifully rendered surprise concert given in the at Amoy. He was the guest of Consul and Mrs. Dorsey home by a group of singers of the Tsing¬ Franklin at a luncheon party, to which the mem¬ tao Philharmonic Society, of which organization bers of the Consular Corps, Commissioner of Mr. Dorsey was honorary president. Customs and others were invited. CONSUL A. S. CHASE. VICE CONSUL CHARLES J. BRENNAN.

Photo by Takahashi. STAFF OF AMERICAN CONSULATE, TSINGTAO, CHINA Picture taken on October 8th, a fezv days prior to Consul Dorsey’s departure for home leave and his new assignment at Madrid. Consul Dorsey is seated in front. Standing (left to right)—Ts’ao Mao-ju, Second Messenger; Liu Wen-tu, Chinese Writer; Vice Consul Carl O. Hawthorne; T. Yamamoto, Japanese Interpreter; Consul A. S. Chase; Miss Flora N. Parker; Lu Sheng-yang, Chinese- Interpreter, and Tsao Li-ting, First Messenger. 65 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES December 17, 1931, as a Foreign Service Officer, Consul General and Secretary in the Diplomatic Service of the Released for publication December 19, 1931 United States, assigned American Consul General at Ot¬ The following changes have occurred in the tawa, Ontario. Foreign Service since December 5, 1931: The assignment of John B. Faust, of Denmark, S. C., formerly American Vice Consul at Ascuncion, Paraguay, The following Foreign Service Officers, Un¬ as Vice Consul at Berlin, Germany, is cancelled and he classified, detailed to the Foreign Service is assigned Vice Consul at Paris, France. School, have been assigned American Vice Con¬ Harold D. Finley, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., now suls at: Second Secretary of Legation at San Salvador, El Salva¬ dor, designated Second Secretary of Legation at Panama, Calvin H. Oakes, ot Charleston, S. C.; Genoa, Italy. Panama. J. Wesley Jones, of Sioux City, Iowa; Calcutta, India. Joseph G. Groeninger, of Baltimore, Md., now Ameri¬ Shiras Morris, Jr., of Hartford, Conn.; Stuttgart, Ger¬ can Consul at Batavia, Java, on leave in the United many. States, assigned Consul at Karachi, India. Daniel Gaudin, Jr., of Philadelphia, Pa.; Beirut, Syria. Clarence B. Hewes, of Jeanerette, La., now First Sec¬ Gerald Warner, of Northampton, Mass.; Tientsin, retary of Embassy at Berlin, Germany, designated First China. Secretary of Legation at Riga, Latvia. Ralph Townsend, of New York City; Shanghai, China. Knowlton V. Hicks, of New York City, now Ameri¬ Arnold Van Benschoten, of Providence, R. I.; Dairen, can Consul at Hamburg, Germany, assigned Consul at Manchuria. Goteborg, Sweden. Frank A. Schuler, Jr., of Muskegon, Mich.; Kobe, Samuel W. Honaker, of Plano, Tex., now American Japan. J. Kenly Bacon, of Newton, Mass.; Callao-Lima, Peru. Clare H. Timberlake, of Jackson, Mich.; Buenos Aires, Argentina. Lee Worley, of Bothell, Wash.; Guayaquil, Ecuador. Everett F. Drumright, of Drumright, Okla.; Hankow, China. Banking Service William J. McCafferty, of San Francisco, Calif., now Second Secretary of Legation at Guatemala, Guatemala, designated Second Secretary of Legation at San Salva¬ To Foreign Service Officers dor, El Salvador. Ralph Miller, of New York City, American Vice Con¬ sul at Buenos Aires, has been confirmed as Secretary in the Diplomatic Service of the United States and desig¬ nated Third Secretary of Legation at Montevideo, Uru¬ guay. With over forty-one years W. Quincy Stanton, of Great Falls, Mont., American experience in banking and trust Vice Consul at Lourenco Marques, Mozambique, assigned business, we offer every financial American Vice Consul at San Salvador, El Salvador. The assignment of Harold L. Williamson, of Chicago, facility to those in the Foreign 111., now Second Secretary of Embassy at Paris, France, Service. as Second Secretary of Legation at Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, has been cancelled. He will re¬ main in Paris. A banking connection in Wash¬ Mrs. Nelle Stogsdall Summerscale, of South Bend, ington, D. C., with this Institu¬ Ind., American Vice Consul at Beirut, Syria, resigned tion will be a source of satisfac¬ October 28, 1931. tion while on duty at a foreign Non-Career post. Robert T. Cowan, of El Paso, Tex., American Vice Consul at San Luis Potosi, Mexico, now in the United C2U States, appointed Vice Consul at Yarmouth. Nova Scotia. Erich A. W. Hoffmann, of Madison, Wis., American Vice Consul at Budapest, Hungary, appointed Vice Con¬ sul at Tirana, Albania. Stanley R. Lawson, of New York City, now American AMERICAN SECURITY Vice Consul at Genoa, Italy, appointed Vice Consul at / ° AND TRUST COMPANY,- j Winnipeg, Canada. Released for publication January 8, 1932 15th and Penna. Ave. Four Branchea The following changes have occurred in the Foreign Service since December 19, 1931: Capital, $3,400,000 Surplus, $3,400,000 Theodore C. Achilles, of Washington, D. C., confirmed on December 17, 1931, as a Foreign Service Officer, Vice WASHINGTON’S LARGEST Consul of Career and Secretary in the Diplomatic Serv¬ ice of the United States, assigned American Vice Consul TRUST COMPANY at Habana, Cuba. William H. Beck, of Washington, D. C., confirmed on 66 Consul at Berne, Switzerland, was confirmed on Decem¬ ber 17, 1931, as a Consul General, and is assigned American Consul General at Glasgow, Scotland. David McK. Key, of Chattanooga, Tenn., Third Sec¬ retary of Embassy at London, England, now on leave in the United States, assigned to the Department of State in connection with the Disarmament Conference at Geneva. David B. Macgowan, of Knoxville, Tenn., now First Secretary of Legation at Riga, Latvia, assigned Ameri¬ can Consul at Berne, Switzerland. Charles W. Lewis, Jr., of Ann Arbor, Mich., now American Consul at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, assigned Consul at Madras, India. Walter H. McKinney, of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., now American Consul at Vigo, Spain, assigned Consul at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Renwick S. McNiece, of Salt Lake City, Utah, now American Consul at Karachi, India, assigned Consul at Vigo, Spain. Security (Steel) Vans, Available throughout G. Howland Shaw, of Boston, Mass., now Counselor the World of Embassy at Paris, France, designated Counselor of Embassy at Istanbul, Turkey, at the expiration of leave in the United States. Miss Frances E. Willis, of Redlands, Calif., American Insurance Vice Consul at Santiago, Chile, now on leave in the United States, was confirmed on December 17, 1931, as A special world-wide policy for a Secretary in the Diplomatic Service, and is designated Third Secretary of Legation at Stockholm, Sweden. Foreign Service Officers, covering The following Foreign Service Officers, now against fire and burglary, theft, Vice Consuls at their respective posts, assigned to the Foreign Service School for instruction, larceny while at home, covering effective January 18, 1932: baggage while traveling, covering William C. Afield, Jr., of Minneapolis, Minn.; Wind- household effects during shipment, sor. Elbridge Durbrow, of San Francisco, Calif.: Warsaw. all for $20 per year for $1,000. Douglas Jenkins, Jr., of Charleston, S. C.; Mazatlan. Reginald S. Kazanjian, of Newport, R. I.; Habana. Cecil B. Lyon, of New York City; Habana. Address the Insurance Department F. Russell Engdahl, of Spokane, Wash.; Port au at Washington, D. C. Prince. F. Ridgway Lineaweaver, of Philadelphia, Pa.; Nas¬ sau. Nathaniel Lancaster, Jr., of Ashland, Va.; Mexico City. Leslie G. Mayer, of Los Angeles, Calif.; Quebec. Joseph E. Newton, of Philadelphia, Pa.; Montreal. On December 17, 1931, the following were Jfropagp (Jornpang confirmed as Foreign Service Officers, Vice 1140 Fifteenth St. Cable “Storage” Consuls of Career and Secretaries in the Diplo¬ matic Service, and have been instructed to re¬ 4J4 Blocks North of the White House port to the Foreign Service School for instruc¬ European Office tion January 18, 1932; 31 Place du Marche St. Honore, PARIS Walter C. Dowling, of Jesup, Ga. Telegrams “Medium” Theodore J. Hohenthal, of Berkeley, Calif. Ernest de W. Mayer, of Flushing, Long Island. I\eiv York Office W. Leonard Parker, of Syracuse, N. Y. 801 SEVENTH AVENUE Non-Career for over 41 years providing SECURITY for Bolard More, of Delaware, Ohio, now American Vice household goods, silverware, works of art, Consul at Puerto Plata, D. R., appointed Vice Consul furs, clothing, rugs, tapestries, motor at Port au Prince, Haiti. cars, in Henry T. Unverzagt, of East Falls Church, Va., now American Vice Consul at Nogales, Mexico, appointed Storage, Moving & Shipping Vice Consul at San Luis Potosi, Mexico. William C. Young, of Christiansburg, Ky„ now Ameri¬ C. A. ASPINWALL, President. can Vice Consul at Paris, France, appointed Vice Consul at Bristol, England. 67 Stanley Woodward, of Philadelphia, Pa., now Third Secretary, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at Perfection in Brussels, Belgium. Stephen E. Aguirre, of El Paso, Tex., now American FLOWERS Vice Consul non-career at Mexico City, was confirmed SINCE 1889 on January 7, 1932, as a Foreign Service Officer, Un¬ 43 YEARS AGO classified, Vice Consul of Career, and Secretary in the Diplomatic Service. He has been assigned to that post W e Telegraph Flowers as a Vice Consul of Career. The following were confirmed on December 17, 1931, as Foreign Service Officer, Unclassi¬ WASHINGTON, D. C. fied, Vice Consul of Career and Secretary in the PHONE NATIONAL 4278 Diplomatic Service, and have been assigned Vice Main Store 1212 F Street N. W. Consul at their respective posts: Three Branch Flotver Shops H. Bartlett Wells, of North Plainfield, N. J.; Mexico City. William DuB. Thorne, of Jamesburg, N. J.; Mexico City. Released, for publication January 16, 1932 Harold E. Montamat, of Westfield, N. J.; Habana. Eric C. Wendelin, of Quincy, Mass.; Montreal. George Alexander Armstrong, of New York City, now Walter W. Orebaugh, of Wichita, Kans.; Montreal. Third Secretary, designated Second Secretary of Em¬ John Davies, Jr., of Cleveland, Ohio; Windsor. bassy at Warsaw. Foy D. Kohler, of Toledo, Ohio; Windsor. Maynard B. Barnes, of Vinton, Iowa, now Second Sec¬ T. Muldrup Forsyth, of Esmont, Va.; Quebec. retary, designated First Secretary of Legation at Sofia, Robert F. Woodward, of Minneapolis, Minn.; Win¬ Bulgaria. nipeg. Daniel At. Bracidock, of Grand Rapids, Mich., Ameri¬ Douglas Flood, of Kenilworth, 111.; Ottawa. can Vice Consul at Medan, Sumatra, now in the United Wales W. Signor, of Ypsilanti, Mich.; Izmir. States on leave of absence, assigned Vice Consul at Bar¬ Robert M. Taylor, of Seattle, Wash.; Mazatlan. celona, Spain. Allan Dawson, of Des Moines, Iowa, now Third Sec¬ Non-Career retary, designated Second Secretary of Legation at Bo¬ William H. Brown, of Plainfield, N. J., now Ameri¬ gota, Colombia. can Vice Consul at Sherbrooke, appointed Vice Consul W. Roderick Dorsey, of Baltimore, Md., American at St. Stephen, Canada. Consul at Tsingtao, China, on leave in the United States, was confirmed on January 7, 1932, as an American Con¬ sul General, and is assigned Consul General at Genoa, CONFIRMATIONS Italy. Hugh S. Fullerton, of Springfield, Ohio, now American Executive nominations confirmed in the Sen¬ Consul at Kovno, Lithuania, assigned Consul at Lyon, ate, January 7, 1932: France, David McK. Key, of Chattanooga, Tenn., now Third CONSULS GENERAL Secretary, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at W. Roderick Dorsey to be Consul General. London, England. Eugene M. Hinkle, of New York City, now Third Sec¬ Emil Sauer to be Consul General. retary, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at Istan¬ bul, Turkey. Morris N. Hughes, of Champaign, 111., now American COMMERCIAL WORK FOR DECEMBER Vice Consul at Naples, Italy, assigned Vice Consul at During the month of December, 1931, the Com¬ Athens, Greece. O. Gaylord Marsh, of Wenatchee, Wash., now Ameri¬ mercial Office of the Department of State re¬ can Consul at Sydney, Nova Scotia, assigned Consul at ceived from consular officers, excepting those Strasbourg, France. stationed in Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Maurice L. Stafford, of Coronado, Calif., Second Sec¬ France and Germany, the volume of trade data retary of Legation at Santo Domingo, Dominican Re¬ public, now on leave in the United States, designated indicated as follows: First Secretary of Legation at Kovno, Lithuania, and 1931 American Consul at that post. Ralph Townsend, of New York City, assigned to the Reports 2,992 Foreign Service School, has been ordered to Foochow, Trade Letters 3,237 China, as Vice Consul, his assignment to Shanghai hav¬ Trade Lists 182 ing been cancelled. World Trade Directory Reports. . 7,042 Hugh H. Watson, of Montpelier, Vt., now American Consul at Lyon, France, assigned Consul at Sydney, Nova Trade Opportunity Reports 390 Scotia. The officers whose posts and names follow pre¬ David Williamson, of Colorado Springs, Colo., now Third Secretary, designated Second Secretary of Em¬ pared reports received during December, 1931, bassy at Istanbul, Turkey. rated EXCELLENT: 68 Amsterdam, Consul General Charles L. Hoover; Bucha¬ rest, Consul John Randolph; Budapest, Consul Fletcher Warren and Clerk Stephen Hattala (1) ; Buenos Aires, Vice Consul John C. Shillock, Jr.; Cape Town, Consul FOR TWENTY-FIVE YEARS Cecil M. P. Cross; Copenhagen, Consul Edward M. Photographers to the Groth; Guadalajara, Consul Raleigh A. Gibson; Prague, Clerk Adelaide W. Guthrie; Rotterdam, Vice Consul Diplomatic Corps and the Eugene Nabel and Clerk Theodoor G. DeLaat (1); Consular Service Saltillo, Consul Samuel Sokobin; Suva, Consul Quincy F. Roberts; Tananarive, Vice Consul Percy G. Kemp; Toronto, Consul General Emil Sauer and Clerk Lorraine HARRIS & EWING Dittmann. THE HOME OF Trade letters (one letter from each post ex¬ “NATIONAL NOTABLES” cept where indicated parenthetically) received 1313 F Street N. W. WASHINGTON. D. C. during the same period from the following-named Phone National 8700 posts were accorded the rating of EXCELLENT : Batavia (2); Bucharest (4); Buenos Aires; Cape Town (3); Habar.a; Kovno (2); Mexico City; Milan; from the following-named posts were accorded Montreal; Rio de Janeiro; Sao Paulo (2); Shanghai; Toronto; Vienna (2); Warsaw. the rating of VERY GOOD: Baghdad (5); Bahia; Barcelona; Batavia; Belgrade The following officers submitted reports which (2); Bergen; Berne (3); Bluefields; Brussels (2); were rated VERY GOOD : Bucharest (5); Buenos Aires (2); Callao-Lima; Can¬ Agua Prieta, Consul Lewis V. Boyle; Barranquilla, ton; Cape Town (2); Cobh; Copenhagen; Habana; Clerk Gerald G. Jones; Beirut, Consul General Herbert Istanbul; Jerusalem (2); Johannesburg (2); Kingston, Jamaica; Kobe, Kovno (4); Mazatlan (1); Medan; S. Goold (political) ; Berne, Consul Samuel W. Honaker (political) ; Bombay, Consul Dayle McDonough (politi¬ Mexico City; Milan (2); Pernambuco; Prague; Rio de cal) ; Bucharest, Consul John Randolph; Buenos Aires, Janeiro (2); Rome; Rotterdam; Saloniki; Saltillo; San Salvador; Santo Domingo ; Sao Paulo; Seoul; Shanghai; Vice Consul Theodore S. Cleveland; Cape Town, Con¬ Stavanger (2); Taihoku; Tananarive; Valencia; Vera sul Cecil M. P. Cross (1 political and 1 economic) ; Copenhagen, Vice Consul Erland Gjessing; Geneva, Con¬ Cruz; Warsaw; Zurich (2). sul Prentiss Gilbert (political) ; Vice Consul Jacob D. Beam (political) ; Guadalajara, Consul Raleigh A. Gib¬ Consul Samuel Sokobin, at Saltillo, Coahuila, son (political); Habana, Consul Harold B. Quarton; Hankow, Vice Consul Edmund O. Clubb (political) ; Hong Mexico, submitted a report dated August 3, 1931, Kong, Consul John R. Putnam (1) ; Vice Consul Perry entitled “Reactions in Saltillo Consular District N. Jester (2) ; Jerusalem, Consul General Paul Knaben- to Monetary Law of July 23, 1931,” which re¬ shue (political) ; Kovno, Consul Hugh S. Fullerton (1) ; ceived a grade of EXCELLENT. This fact was un¬ Vice Consul George D. LaMont (2) and Clerk Rudolph W. Hefti (1); Lausanne, Consul Frederick W. Bald¬ fortunately omitted from the list as published in win (political); Malaga, Consul Augustin W. Ferrin; the JOURNAL. Mahno, Clerk Philip Wilkins; Malta, Vice Consul Coke S. Rice; Milan, Vice Consul Constance R. Harvey; Muk¬ den, Consul General Myrl S. Myers (political) ; Per¬ VISA CORRESPONDENCE nambuco, Consul Frederik van den Arend (political) ; Port Said, Consul Horace Remillard (political) ; Prague, The officers whose posts and names follow- Vice Consul Francis B. Stevens (1) and Clerk Ade¬ prepared letters received during December, 1931. laide W. Guthrie (1) ; Prince Rupert, Consul G. Carl¬ rated VERY GOOD ; Budapest. Ernest V. Polutnik ton Woodward; Quebec, Consul Horatio Mooers (po¬ (1) ; Habana, James R. Wilkinson (1) ; and I o- litical) ; Riga, Vice Consul Bernard Gufler; Rio de raneiro, Vice Consul Rudolf E. Calm; Saigon, Vice ronto, C. Paul Fletcher (1). Consul W. Everett Scotten (political) ; Santiago de Cuba, Consul Edwin Schoenrich (3 political) ; Sao TRADE DETAILS Paulo, Consul General Charles R. Cameron (1 political and 1 economic) : Singapore, Consul Roy E. B. Bower The Division of Foreign Service Administra¬ and Vice Consul Edward Anderson, Jr. (1) ; Vice Con¬ tion reports that during the period from Decem¬ sul Edward Anderson. Jr. (1 political); Surabaya, Vice ber 14, 1931, to January 14, 1932, the officers Consul Peter Paul Devlin; Suva. Consul Quincy F. Roberts; Taihoku, Vice Consul Charles S. Reed, 2d; named below were sent on the following trade Tallinn, Consul Harry E. Carlson (political) ; Tenerife, details or conferences: Consul Charles D. Westcott (political) ; Tokyo. Consul Vice Consul Stephen E. Aguirre (Mexico City ) Leo D. Sturgeon; Toronto, Clerk Lorraine Dittmann to Los Angeles and San Francisco, Calif.; Con¬ (1) and Clerk Lucy Clark (1) ; Winnipeg, Consul Gen¬ eral P. Stewart Heintzleman (1 political and 1 eco¬ sul General Douglas Jenkins (Hong Kong) to nomic) ; Zurich, Vice Consul Cavendish W. Cannon Atlanta, Ga.; and Diplomatic Secretary James (1) and Vice Consul Hugh F. Ramsay (1). L. Park (Addis Ababa, Etheopia) to Chicago Trade letters received during the same period and Peoria. 69 nac, the Houses of Parliament, the Post Office building, etc. It is an interesting fact that this A Quiet Exclusive Hotel new building stands on the site where in 1874-8 In New York's Social Consul William Cooper Howells (father of Wil¬ liam Dean Howells) had his Consular offices, Centre and it is said that the celebrated author (who THE LANG DON PATRONIZED BY MEMBERS OF THE had been Consul at Venice from 1860-5) wrote 2 EAST 56IV ST. NEW YORK AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE one of his novels in that building.

RATES: SINGLE $4.00, DOUBLE $5.00 ALL ROOMS WITH BATH DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE The following personal notes as to the foreign CABLE: LANGDON, NEW YORK representatives of the Department of Commerce have been received in a communication dated January 12, 1932, from the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Com¬ merce : Visitors to the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com¬ merce will no longer call at the old quarters at 19th and Pennsylvania Avenue, but at the new Commerce Building, located between 14th and 15th Streets, at Con¬ stitution Avenue. Friends of the Secretary of Commerce will find him on the fifth floor. The offices of the di¬ rector and the assistant directors are on the third floor and the Foreign Service Division on the second. A cor¬ dial welcome is extended to all who wish to avail them¬ selves of the increased facilities of our organization. Several Foreign Commerce officers who have been in the United States on leave and itinerary will soon re¬ turn to their posts: Commercial Attache Charles E. Dickerson, to Cairo; Assistant Commercial Attache Don¬ ald Renshaw, to London; Trade Commissioner Edward B. Lawson, to Johannesburg, to which post he is return¬ ing to take up his duties as a trade commissioner to specialize in the promotion of automotive products to Africa. Mr. Ronald D. Stevenson has been appointed the as¬ sistant trade commissioner at Montevideo to succeed As¬ sistant Trade Commissioner Grant L. Thrall, who has been transferred to Buenos Aires. Mr. Stevenson has for the last several years been employed in the New York district office of the Department; prior to that time, in the Habana office. Mr. and Mrs. Stevenson will sail for their new post on January 23. Assistant Trade Commissioner Katherine Elliott is re¬ turning from Madrid to spend her triennial leave in the United States.

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE In the lists of duties and stations of the United States Public Health Service, received since the Livernois Ltd., Quebec. December issue of the JOURNAL, the following have been noted; PRICE BUILDING, QUEBEC, CANADA Medical Director John McMullen. Directed This 14-story building, the highest and most to proceed from Paris, France, to Lyons, France, modern in the city, was completed in 1930, and and return, for the purpose of attending the is the property of Price Brothers & Co., news¬ Third International Congress of Sanitation print manufacturers. The American Consulate Methods and Urban Hygiene, March 7 to 10, occupies the entire front of the third floor. For¬ 1932. December 19, 193L merly the Consulate was in the Lower Town; P. A. Surgeon E. M. Gordon, Jr. Relieved now it is in the vicinity of the Chateau Fronte- from duty at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and 70 1 assigned to duty at U. S. Penitentiary, Atlanta, Ga. January 5, 1932. P. A. Surgeon M. A. Roe. Relieved from duty at Stapleton, N. Y., effective January 15, and Hotel Lafayette assigned to duty at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, in the office of the American Consulate at that Corner 16th and Eye Streets, N. W. place. January 6, 1932.

BIRTHS A daughter, Joan Nancy, was born on Novem¬ ber 29, 1931, to Consul and Mrs. Leo D. Stur¬ geon, at Tokyo, Japan. Consul Sturgeon is as¬ signed to the Consulate General at Tokyo, and the certificate of birth of Joan Nancy was the first to be recorded in the new offices opened on December 1. Only three minutes from the State, War and Navy Departments, the White A son, Gaston Eugene Henry, was born on House, and all Clubs, and is the December 1, 1931, to Consul and Mrs. Gaston center of all that is worth Smith, at Tegucigalpa, Honduras. while SPECIAL RATES A daughter, Mary Simmons, was born on De¬ cember 1, 1931, to Consul and Mrs. Knox Alex¬ TO THE DIPLOMATIC AND ander, at Cienfuegos, Cuba. CONSULAR SERVICE

A daughter, Alice Adele, was born on Decem¬ ber 7, 1931, to Dr. and Mrs. Leo W. Tucker, at Toronto, Canada. Dr. Tucker is the United Los Angeles. Miss Lavery is assistant profes¬ States Public Health Surgeon attached to the sor of Spanish language and literature at Welles¬ Consulate General at Toronto. ley College.

A son, Charles Randolph, was born on De¬ Page-McElroy. Married at Rochester, N. Y., cember 9, 1931, to Vice Consul and Mrs. H. Liv¬ on January 21, 1932, Diplomatic Secretary ingston Hartley, at Buenos Aires. Argentina. Charles Albert Page and Miss Mary McDonell McElroy, daughter of Mrs. William H. McElroy, of Rochester, N. Y. Mr. Page is third secretary A son, Douglas, was born on December 30, of the American Legation at Quito, Ecuador 1931. to Diplomatic Secretary and Mrs. James and among the guests at the wedding was Senor Orr Denby, at Dublin, Irish Free State. Don Gonzalo Zaldumbide, Minister of Ecuador at Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Page sailed for A son, Jay Pierrepont, Jr., was born on Jan¬ Ecuador on January 23 by the S. S. Santa Rita. uary 17, 1932, to Diplomatic Secretary and Mrs. Jay Pierrepont Moffat, at New York City. Mr. Moffat is now on duty in the Department of PUGSLEY SCHOLARSHIP State. Mr. Chester D. Pugsley, in a communication dated January 14. 1932, states that he has re¬ newed for another academic year the consular MARRIAGES scholarship at the University of Virginia with Stafford-Lavery. Married in New York City, a cash stipend of $200, for the son of an Amer¬ December 31, 1931, Mr. Maurice L. Stafford, ican Consul or Vice Consul of career. The uni¬ Secretary of the Legation at Kovno, Lithuania, versity in addition grants tuition. Sincere and Miss Lorna I. Lavery, daughter of Mr. and thanks are tendered to Mr. Pugsley for this kind Mrs. William Shaw Lavery, of New York and and thoughtful act. 71 THE SCHOOL IN MEMORIAM The following officers reported for duty in the Foreign Service Officers Training School in the Mr. Leon de Veh, who had been attached to Department on January 18, 1932, the post in the the American Consulate General at Lisbon, Por¬ field at which each had been since appointment tugal, since June 7, 1916, died in this city on being given in parenthesis: December 2, 1931. His death was a great shock to all his many friends and he is deeply mourned William C. Affeld, Jr. (Windsor, Ontario) ; Walter C. Dowing (no previous assignment) ; Elbridge Durbrow by all who knew him. (Warsaw) ; Overton G. Ellis, Jr. (no previous assign¬ Born in Moscow, Russia, on April 25, 1889, ment) : F. Russell Engdahl (Port au Prince) ; Theodore Mr. de Veh came to Lisbon in 1916 and he re¬ J. Hohenthal (no previous assignment) ; Douglas, sided here continually since that date. He had Jr. (Mazatlan) ; Reginald S. Kazanjian (Habana) ; Nathaniel Lancaster, Jr. (Mexico City) ; Francis R. no relatives in this country but he surrounded Lineaweaver (Nassau) ; Cecil B. Lyon (Habana) ; himself with many friends. Suffering from deli¬ Ernest de W. Mayer (no previous assignment) ; Leslie cate health all his life due to a weak heart, Mr. Gordon Mayer (Quebec) ; Joseph E. Newton (Mon¬ de Veh fell seriously ill in September and he treal) ; and W. Leonard Parker (no previous assign¬ ment). was never able to return to the office. For 16 years he rendered faithful service to this Con¬ sulate General and all the officers with whom he The Department of State announces that a written came into contact during these years regarded examination for commission to the Foreign Service will him with the greatest esteem and consideration. be held commencing September 26, 1932, at the following points: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Denver, A gentleman by birth and character, Mr. de New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, St. Louis, St. Veh had been educated in Russia and in Ger¬ Paul, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington. many, having studied in the latter country at The oral tests completing the examination will be held the Universities of Berlin and Freiburg. He in Washington beginning January 9, 1933. was a fluent linguist and he had travelled ex¬ Applicants desiring to qualify for the Foreign Service tensively in Europe. Willing to be of service to must be especially designated for examination. Appli¬ anyone at any time, in spite of his frail constitu¬ cations for designation are to be addressed to the Secre¬ tion, he made himself admired and respected by tary of State and must he filed not later than 40 days before the date set for the written examination. No all who knew him, and his premature death at designations for the examination to be held on September the age of only 42 is a distinct loss to his numer¬ 26, 27, and 28, 1932, will be made after August 16, 1932. ous friends as well as to the Consulate General. CONSUL L. S. ARMSTRONG.

In the passing, on December 31, 1931, of Rich¬ ard V. Oulahan, the veteran correspondent of The New York Times, journalism in America has sustained a great loss, but nowhere will his loss be more deplored than in the Department of State. A native of Washington, he was for more than 40 years engaged in newspaper work in the city, and most of that time covering the Department of State.- Among the host of" trib¬ utes paid to his memory, his colleagues praised not only his marked ability and his balanced judgment, but also his never failing courtesy, the goodness of his soul and the tenderness of his heart. President Hoover said of Mr. Oula¬ han : “His passing is a personal loss to me. He was highly deserving of the designation, volun¬ tarily given to him by his fellow journalists, of dean of the corps of Washington corre¬ spondents.”

Photo from L. S. Armstrong The many friends, both at home and abroad, of LEON DE VEH Mrs. Bessie Throckmorton Murphy, wife of the 72 late Consul General Murphy, will learn with deep regret of Mrs. Murphy’s death on January 6. 1932, in Stockholm, Sweden. Since her hus¬ band’s death on April 13, 1930, Mrs. Murphy has Hotel Martinique been in failing health and she passed quietly away with her daughter, Mrs. Gosta Nordstrom, at SIXTEENTH STREET AT M her bedside. The funeral service, held at Saint WASHINGTON, D. C. Eugenia’s Roman Catholic Church, was attended by many relatives and friends, including members Situated on beautiful Sixteenth Street, five blocks north of the staffs of the American Legation and Con¬ of the White House and Department of State, THE MARTINIQUE has long been recognized as the favorite sulate General. Mrs. Murphy was buried by her Washington hotel of visiting Foreign Service officers and husband’s side in the Catholic Cemetery of Stock¬ their families. holm. A 25% DISCOUNT FROM ROOM Mrs. Bessie Throckmorton Murphy was born CHARGES IS ALLOWED MEM¬ in Philadelphia on July 25, 1867, but her early BERS OF THE FOREIGN home was in Washington, D. C. She spent many SERVICE eventful years at the different posts where Con¬ sul General Murphy was assigned, notably in SINGLE ROOMS, FROM $3.00 THE DAY Bulgaria where Mr. Murphy during the World DOUBLE ROOMS, FROM $4.00 THE DAY War performed important services that are still Weekly and monthly rates in remembered with gratitude. A hospital and a proportion street in Sofia now bear Mr. Murphy’s name. EVERY ROOM HAS PRIVATE BATH On July 8, 1919, Consul General Murphy was assigned to Stockholm and after his retirement on Illustrated brochure will be furnished upon request July 1, 1924, he and Mrs. Murphy returned to live L. R. HAWKINS, Manager in Stockholm after a short period in Brussels. Since Mr. Murphy’s death, Mrs. Murphy has made her home with her son-in-law and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Gosta Nordstrom. USE OF RADIO BY AMERICAN FOREIGN Mrs. Murphy is survived by two children of a SERVICE OFFICERS former marriage—Randall Atkinson, of Phila¬ LA GUAIRA, VENEZUELA, delphia, and Bessie Atkinson Nordstrom, and by December 30, 1931. one grand-daughter, Ingrid Nordstrom. From the editor’s note to an article appearing in December number of THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL it is noted that communications Sincere sympathy is extended to Consul Wil¬ on the use of radio by Foreign Service Officers liam P. Blocker, at Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, would be welcomed. Herewith is my modest con¬ Mexico, on the death of his father, V. H. tribution : Blocker, Sr., at Hondo, Tex., on January 9, 1932. My first experience with radio in Chile before the advent of short waves for common use was Mrs. Mary Dix, wife of Jefferson Dix, and disappointing, and I was somewhat skeptical until mother of Miss Adele E. Dix, chief clerk of the about 1928, when several amateurs in Venezuela Division of Foreign Service Administration, died were getting fair results on long wave during a suddenly on January 19, 1932, at her residence, few months and fairly satisfactory results on short Wellesley Avenue, College Park, Md. Mrs. Dix wave throughout the year. had been an invalid for some years past. Besides Government restrictions on radio in Venezuela her husband, Mrs. Dix is survived by six children, were such that up until the past three years very Adele, Helene, Jefferson, Jr., and Milton, of Col¬ few sets were in use. When I began, about two lege Park, Mrs. Herbert N. Steiger, of Portland, years ago with the first model Pilot set, radio Oreg., and John E. Dix, of New York City. was a novelty at La Guaira, and radio parties at the Consulate to which Venezuelan officials and Miss Dix’s many friends in the Department and in the Foreign Service will deeply regret to learn other prominent persons were invited, was some¬ of her sad loss. what of an “event” to a small community like La Guaira. As a result of these concerts I am 73 World’s Largest Operators of I consider the radio a wonderful invention for amusement as well as for instruction, but unfor¬ Multi-Engined Air Transports tunately, like many other such instruments, it has 20,166 Miles of Airways—Flying over 100,000 Miles been given over mainly to trashy entertainment, Every IWeek though one station in particular in the United States transmits fairly well-balanced programs. Radio, like similar institutions, must meet the popular demand rather than appeal to the smaller class who prefer more divided programs devoted to news, edification, sports, and entertainment. Nothing keeps one in closer touch with world hap¬ penings, and I believe that it could be evolved into an excellent medium for the Department for certain communications to the field, and probably in the not distant future a radio will be essential to every well-equipped office. c From the standpoint of the officer in the field, aBetween United States'Mexico Adest Indies- Central and South [America it certainly would be a boon if the American sta¬ BOARD OF DIRECTORS tions would announce feature programs a day or David K. E. Bruce, S. Sloan Colt, Merian C. Cooper, E. A. Deeds, Lyman Delano, Sherman M. Fairchild, G. B. Grosvenor, so in advance, and if they devoted at least half Richard F. Hoyt, Leonard Kennedy, Robert Lehman, Grover Loening, R. K. Mellon, George Mixter, E. O. McDonnell, Fred an hour to news, national as well as international. B. Rentschler, J. T. Trippe, Wm. H. Vanderbilt, C. V. Whitney, Announcing feature programs at a fixed hour the J. H. Whitney. President and General Manager—J. T. TRIPPE. previous day would greatly increase the utility Assistant to President—E. E. WYMAN. of radio to the distant listener, who is unable to Technical Advisor—COLONEL CHARLES A. LINDBERGH. Vice President in Charge of Foreign Department—EVAN E. secure a program in advance. Feature programs YOUNG. could be announced in a few minutes, and it is GENERAL OFFICES: 122 East 42d Street, NEW YORK CITY not believed necessary to announce the regular commercial programs, as anyone familiar with sure that the office was instrumental in populariz¬ radio reception soon learns what program to ex¬ ing this American instrument for entertainment pect from the radio advertisers. and instruction. At that time less than half a The foregoing are rather hasty conclusions on dozen sets were owned in the district, and today the subject by a radio fan who by this means feels hardly a prominent family, bar, or club is with¬ that he spends a few hours each evening in his out an American radio, though, of course, sales own country, despite the numerous drawbacks to efforts of distributors were chiefly responsible for distant reception, especially in the tropics. this enormous increase in a short period. VICE CONSUL BEN C. MATTHEWS. Most American manufacturers have neglected short-wave sets and have only recently developed the converter which, at best, is a cumbersome de¬ COMPLICATIONS OF WORLD-WIDE vice, though good results are claimed from them. BROADCASTS The non-technical (and perhaps ethereal) opinion of the writer is that the distant receiver needs the (Publicity Division, International General Electric Co., very best in short-wave equipment, with a con¬ Schenectady, N. Y., U. S. A. News Release No. 2592.) verter to long wave, instead of the reverse, which World broadcasting has difficulties outside the techni¬ cal field. Until a universal language is adopted and be¬ is the practice followed by most leading Ameri¬ comes widely known, any one broadcaster who attempts can radio manufacturers. to reach all nations is in an impossible position. A set that will stand up under tropical atmos¬ This was brought home recently to W2XAF, one of pheric conditions is also a problem in itself for the short-wave stations of W GY. Radiograms were received from Italy and three Latin-American countries the manufacturer to work out. During the past requesting the Schenectady station to broadcast a ring¬ three years I have owned three American-made side story of the Sharkey-Camera boxing match. The radio sets, and for long distance reception I pre¬ Italian correspondent wanted the fight described in Italian fer the best type of short-wave set, or perhaps a and the Latin-Americans, who are interested in the prog¬ ress of Camera, wanted the story served up in Span¬ combination short and long-wave set, but I rely ish mainly on the short-wave for year-round recep¬ W2XAF ranks today among the best known short¬ tion. wave stations on the air. The 40-kilowatt station is 74 known wherever there are short-wave receivers to trans¬ late its signals. Musical programs are enjoyed in every country, but when an understanding of English is re¬ quired, as in the case of descriptions of sporting events, the Spaniard, German or Italian wants the narrative in ALL the his own tongue. Every effort has been made by the management of WGY to make the short-wave stations perform maximum service. Since W2XAF is essentially a night-time trans¬ AMERICAS mitter—that is, its wave-length is best suited for trans¬ mission during periods of darkness—its greatest audience is in South and Central America. Due to the five hours difference in time between the British Isles and the east¬ ern standard time zone, there are comparatively few British listeners after 7 p. nt., E. D. T., or midnight Greenwich Meridian Time. Listeners, after that hour, are dyed-in-the-wool fans and amateurs who are active particularly Saturday night and Sunday morning. Be¬ cause the South American audience is in the majority, W2XAF frequently carries special programs for the Latin-American, a Spanish-speaking announcer being used. If, as has been the case several times in the past 12 months, a native of a South American country is try¬ ing out his skill in the boxing ring, the fight is carried to the delighted listeners south of the equator. For these broadcasts, a special antenna which has the effect of mul¬ tiplying the 40-kilowatt output directionally by 20, is put into service and reception is practically guaranteed, except where code stations are working close to the ... are on this broadcast wave-length. Another service of W2XAF is the reading of the clos¬ MESSAGE-IIIG1I WAY ing prices on the New York stock exchange. In South America are thousands of engineers employed in mines, • Few people know exactly where it is, fewer still on oil concessions, on plantations, etc. Many of these have ever set eyes upon it... this great message¬ men are a week or more away from a daily newspaper highway between all the Americas that is All and the radio is relied upon to keep them in touch with America Cables. • Yet from one end to the other the news of the day, and the progress of their invest¬ it teems with travelers... swift-flying electric im¬ ments. Several Latin-American newspapers pick up WGY’s market quotations from the air and run them pulses that are transformed into words when they with a credit line. This service also finds favor among reach their destination. And these words are the ships’ officers. W2XAF can be heard practically around inquiries, the orders, the ideas and thoughts that the world, as several ship radio operators have attested. move the business of the Americas ... that help to * * * * * bring New York and Havana, Rio and Buenos South Americans are most appreciative of programs Aires and thousands of other places into a single from American stations and the embassies of every Latin- great neighborhood. • All America Cables is fast American country are keenly alive to the possibilities of ... accurate... dependable. With its three duplex W2XAF and W2XAD reaching into the respective coun¬ (two-way) cables and its offices strategically lo¬ tries. Ambassadors have come to Schenectady that they cated in the centers of American industry, it offers might join with their fellow citizens in observance of you communication service that is backed by fifty national holidays. Frequently local stations have re¬ years of experience and founded on a desire to broadcast the short-wave signals of W2XAF, enabling give you the best possible cable service... always. thousands who had only long-wave sets to hear the pro¬ ... grams from Schenectady. The International System of which All America Cables is a part, offers a world-wide service of coordinated rec¬ ord communications . . . to and within the United States and Canada via Postal Telegraph ... to Europe, Asia and The Orient via Commercial Cables . . . to Central AROUND THE WORLD America, South America and the West Indies via All America Cables . . . and to ships at sea via Mackay Radio, Record of visits by William Moss, foreign sales direc¬ tor of the Dalton Adding Machine Company, Cincinnati, THE 1 \ 1 I: l( (V V I I O V A I, SYSTEM Ohio, to more than 300 representatives of the Departmen. of State in all corners of the earth. By J. A. CHANDLER Oil Omerica Cables (Reprinted from Office Appliances, the News and Technical Trade Journal of Office Equipment, Chicago. December, 1931.) Commercial "Postal Some distinguished signatures, and many others that Cables Telegraph doubtless will some day be distinguished, have been brought together in an interesting little book by William niachatj IKadio 75 flexible leather with plenty of extra pages to provide for an indefinite future of globe-trotting. Begun as a curiosity, this book of foreign service of¬ ficers’ signatures has become an interesting document, as it now contains 309 names, representing almost as many places. The first signature in the book is that of Herbert C. Hengstler, chief of foreign service administration in the State Department at Washington. The list of names abroad begins with Frank B. Kellogg, London, March 9, 1924, when he was ambassador to the Court of St. James. The second signature is that of Robert B. Skin¬ ner, then consul general at London. Near what is now the end of the book Mr. Skinner’s signature appears again dated at Athens. The book thus chronicles Mr. Skinner’s promotion as minister to Greece, as it also sets FAST Passenger and Freight forth many other changes and contrasts. Service to EUROPE Of famous names there are many. Alexander Moore signed when he was ambassador to Spain. Leonard Wood Ship and sail the American way! $15 out of every $18 you wrote his name when governor general for the Philip¬ spend on American ships is immediately reinvested in pines. W. S. Culbertson signed as ambassador to Chile. America, not in foreign countries. Ten fine ships. Regular Hugh Gibson entered his name when Mr. Moss was in sailings. Expert handling of freight . . . swift, comfortable Brussels for a visit. Among other notable names is that passenger crossings at low fares. of Dwight W. Morrow, then ambassador to Mexico. UNITED STATES LINES On reaching a foreign city Mr. Moss says his first Leviathan, World’s Greatest Ship step is to call at the consulate or legation of the United President Harding President Roosevelt States, if there is one. His comments on the foreign AMERICAN MERCHANT LINES service are therefore of peculiar interest and value. American Banker American Farmer American Importer American Shipper American Trader American Exporter “I have found in the government service abroad ex¬ American Merchant tremely capable and delightful men. They do their work For sailing dates, plans and all information, see your admirably and have made my tasks much easier and far local agent or our offices in all principal cities. more pleasant through their courteous and informed aid. It is a marvel to me that the State Department is able UNITED S TAT E S LINES to obtain and hold the services of so competent and per¬ 45 Broadway Now York, N. Y. sonable a body of men in view of the compensation paid them.” As a rule Mr. Moss takes his pilgrimages in large circles—a loop around the Caribbean, a circuit of South America, a swing about the periphery of Europe and in Moss, the foreign sales director of The Dalton Adding several cases around the world. This sort of travel Machine Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. In discharging his brings him to many cities a second or third or fourth business duties Mr. Moss travels almost constantly, skirt¬ time—even those cities remote from the usual routes of ing great circles about the globe with breath-taking travel. Likewise, it leads him to meet many Foreign strides. Since 1924 he has taken with him on his journey Service officers a second or third time in new and some¬ a book with blank pages, and on each visit to an Ameri¬ times very distant places. Consul General Marion Letcher can consulate, embassy or legation for a chat with United signed Mr. Moss’ book at Copenhagen in 1924 and again States officials, he takes their signatures in his book. in Antwerp five years later. Vice Consul Mason Turner’s Worn with much handling, the book of signatures has name appears dated Colombo in 1926 and again in 1929 been bound and rebound. Lately it has been done in dated Paris.

ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN CLAIMS and all other WAR CLAIMS in connection with confiscated properties by former allied or central governments Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad, New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations under American Laws, Financial Investigations and Credit Information CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI Foreign Trade and Financial Adviser 90 WALL STREET NEW YORK Cable Address: “Zielinski" . „ , _ All Standard Codes Used Agents and Correspondents in practically all parts of the world.

76 A striking change is that of Consul General Nathanial among our productions there figured an English B. Stewart, who signed in Tokio in 1925 and in Barce¬ lona, the very opposite side of the world, in 1929. R. J. translation of a Bohemian play by the Kapek Kenna holds the record in this curious book, however. Brothers. Its name was “Ad Infinitum,” and His path and that of Moss crossed three times in the course of five years, and his signatures may be found it depicted in a satiric and moving manner the dated Warsaw, 1924. Havana in 1928 and I’aris in 1929. problems of insect lift, each insect group being In all, 24 officers have signed twice or more, a figure enlarged on a recent trip around the world and certain symbolic of human types. For instance there to be increased further when Mr. Moss completes a tour were the ants with their sanguinary struggles of South America on which he recently embarked. Naturally, the value of the book is greatest for its for the possession of that important piece of owner. To him it holds a wealth of memories. Some territory lying between the path and the fence. of them he can sketch easily, but others are too filmy, too dependent upon the nebulous myriad of details called Memory may fail me as to the exact cause of “atmosphere.” The signatures recall bizarre seaports, their warfare, but I can assure you that the play cold wastes, steaming tropic roadsteads, spotless ordered is a remarkable one, and if any of my consular villages. They also call to mind sudden changes from the luxury of trans-Atlantic liners to the jumbled pres¬ colleagues are interested in dramatic work I can sure of too many persons on one small puffing tramp think of no play that will better repay their at¬ steamer, or the abrupt contrast of a sumptuous tiffin in Singapore and a miserable meal of potatoes and rice and tention. greasy chops in an East African village. The writer is also transmitting a photograph As a point of contact with men in all parts of the world, Mr. Moss’ once aimless and whimsical collection taken of a scene in a comparatively short play of signatures has turned out to be a veritable passport. which the Drama League of Sarnia produced It does not help him across frontiers, to be sure, hut it on the 6th and 7th of November. This play does give him an unusual and interesting subject of con¬ was favorably received, thank Heaven! The versation whenever he reaches an outpost of the Ameri¬ can government. The certainty of courteous assistance pious invocation is due to the fact that the play, and the camaraderie of these American officials every¬ which is called “The Unhappy Quadrangle,” where, Mr. Moss says, are among the principal factors was written as the result of a collaboration be¬ that make world travel pleasant for him, long after the tween Mrs. Phyllis C. Stratford of Sarnia and novelty and adventure are quite gone. the writer. I am sending a newspaper article in regard to the reception of the play as I am my¬ AMATEUR DRAMATICS self too modest to tell you what a gem it was !

SARNIA, ONTARIO The play in question was in two scenes: one (The Prologue) representing a discussion be¬ November 12, 1931. tween the Gods on Mount Olympus as to the The writer knows of several persons in the fate of four human beings all in love with each service who are interested in amateur dramatics. other but with the wrong person in each case. For instance, Consul George Gregg Fuller, now To put it algebraically: A loves B; B loves C; stationed at Kingston, Ontario, is a perfect C loves D; and D loves A. It may well be ob¬ “wiz” at this fascinating hobby, and if he could served that there is very little sweetness and be dragged out into the limelight and made to light to be gleaned for the victims of such a tell about his experiences as a director of the situation, but it did make an entertaining sub¬ Community Theatre group of Kingston, I fancy ject for dramatic treatment. it would make very interesting and instructive It would be rather interesting to know how reading. many members of the Foreign Service spend The writer (for want of better material) some of their leisure moments in work con¬ emerges from modest obscurity with a brief ac¬ nected with play writing or play producing. The count of his own connection with the Drama writer assumes that the bacillus is widespread League of Sarnia. and that he is not the only victim of the infec¬ This dramatic group is now in its fourth tion. year and is a source of much enjoyment and PHILIP ADAMS. benefit to its members. Putting on a play with [Ed. The photograph unfortunately did not lend itself very limited capital and no “angels” to foot the to reproduction. The newspaper clipping, however, said expenses is the problem that has to be met here. of the play “The Unhappy Quadrangle,” which was greatly enjoyed, that “the dialogue was clever, in parts The type of plays selected are always those of exceedingly so, and the plot was well conceived. It high literary merit or those which are considered would have made a brilliant burlesque, but was handled specially provocative of thought. Last year in a more conservative manner.”] 77 THE LOST ARE FOUND (Reprinted by special permission from The Saturday Evening Post, copyright, 1931, by The Curtis Publishing Co.) The NEW Model No. 6 The problem of what has happened to all the Ameri¬ cans we used to see around this country has been solved just recently by an official check-up conducted by the UNDERWOOD State Department. The investigation shows that there are 386,272 of our countrymen living outside of the United States; many of them wearing thick beards and STANDARD all of them pining for a cup of good old American coffee. Of this number, 25,961 are in France—you must guess what part. Personally, I believe that the figure is a gross IS HERE! underestimate, for there were that many people in the American Express Company alone, standing in line ahead of me, the last time I called for my mail. Other Americans are scattered far and wide over the hemispheres, in places as unlikely as Jugo-Slavia— 5,436—and the Azores—16,949. Two are in Gibraltar, and five in Arabia. I can just see those two in Gibral¬ tar. They have formed a Yale Club and play squash to¬ gether every afternoon. To preserve some vestige of the old life back home, they shave regularly and refrain religiously from dressing for dinner. And every time they look at the famous Rock, they get homesick for Hartford, Conn. They will come across a copy of this magazine, some months from now, and sit down in a quiet place to read it from cover to cover, including the advertisements. Yes, I can see them perfectly. I am troubled, however, to account for the enormous American colony in the Azores. What’s the attraction? They can’t all be stranded transatlantic flyers, nor is it likely that they are winter-cruise passengers who stepped off the boat a minute to buy coral necklaces, and are still haggling over the price. Typewriter beauty is given a new significance . . . speed and ease of operation a new meaning ... in the No, there is some deep and dark reason for the pres¬ new model No. 6. For years the activities of the great ence of all those Americans there. Maybe they’re Underwood Laboratories have been centered upon it. Azore-sitters. Oh, well, I give up. For months, details of its construction . . . the develop¬ It seems to me that the State Department might make ment of its startling new features . . . the records of its an even more exciting investigation—to wit, a check-up revolutionary performance have been closely guarded of where to find the Americans in America. One was secrets. seen in New York the other day—he was discovered, curiously enough, in the subway, reading a newspaper But now, it is here . . . complete . . . proven ... its printed in English—and much was made of him. There period of engineering, testing and checking behind it must be others, if we knew where to look. Personally, ... its era of performance before it . . . ready, willing, I would suggest that the State Department officials take anxious to serve you . . . the New Underwood Standard up their stand on busy street corners in the larger cities Typewriter. and offer French post cards to all passers-by. Those who sniffed scornfully and continued on their way would See the New Underwood Standard Model No. 6 at be Americans. So would those who stopped and bought our office ... or at your own office . . . today! them. NORMAN R. JAFFRAY. Underwood Standard, Noiseless and Portable Typewriters—Bookkeeping Machines Life has its toys, its compensating joys, UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER COMPANY Division of Underwood Elliott Fisher Company Silver shine of moon, red stars of gold, 1413 New York Ave., N. W., Washington, D. C. But the laughter that attends meeting of old “SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE" friends “UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT-FISHER. SUNDSTRAND SPEED THE WORLD'S BUSINESS" Is the finest, choicest gift that earth can hold. Then let us get together and recall old days, Gardens fair where vines and flowers curled, UNDERWOOD Let’s remember youth and springtime and old love’s ways Speeds the Worlds Business In days we knew before we knew the world. WILLIAM H. MALIA. 78 NOTICE Members of the American Foreign Service Association are asked to read carefully the following inscription and list of names which it is proposed shall appear on the Memorial Tablet to be erected in the Department of State. Contributions received now warrant the committee in proceeding with the work of designing the Tablet, but while great care has been taken to make the list complete it is be¬ lieved that a final opportunity should be given for suggestions, for it is desired that the list of names shall be one that will give general satisfaction. It is hoped, therefore, if any members have sugges¬ tions to offer that they will do so promptly, as otherwise silence will be regarded as approval. AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE HONOR ROLL This tablet is erected by members of the American Foreign Service Association in memory of their colleagues who have died at their posts under the following circumstances: WILLIAM PALFREY (Mass.) DAVID T. BUNKER (Mass.) Lost at sea, December, 1780 Yellow fever, Demerara, Guiana, February 7, 1888 JOEL BARLOW (Conn.) VICTOR F. W. STANWOOD ( ) Exposure, Zarnowice, December 26, 1812 Murdered, Madagascar, November 5, 1888 RICHARD C. ANDERSON (Ky.) JOHN R. MEADE (Conn.) Yellow fever, Cartagena, Colombia, January 27, 1823 Yellow fever, Santo Domingo, January 21, 1894 HARRIS E. FUDGER (Mass.) ROUNSEVELLE WILDMAN (Calif.) Murdered, Bogota, Colombia, August 3, 1825 Lost at sea, February 22, 1901 JAMES A. HOLDEN (Mass.) THOMAS T. PRENTIS (Mass.) Lost at sea, August, 1827 Earthquake, Martinique, May 8, 1902 WILLIAM SHALER (Mass.) AMEDEE TESTART (La.) Cholera, Habana, March 29, 1830 Earthquake, Martinique, May 8, 1902 JOHN S. MEIRCKEN (Pa.) THOMAS NAST (N. J.) Lost at sea, October, 1832 Yellow fever, Guayaquil, Ecuador, December 7, 1902 WILLIAM A. SPARKS (S. C.) WILLIAM F. HAVEMEYER (N. Y.) Cholera, Venice, August 19, 1849 Cholera, Bassorah, Turkey, June 25, 1904 THOMAS T. TURNER (N. Y.) BENJAMIN H. RIDGELY (Mo.) Epidemic, Bahia, December 2. 1849 Exhaustion, Mexico City, October 10, 1908 THOMAS I. MORGAN (Ohio) ARTHUR S. CHENEY (Conn.) Yellow fever, Rio de Janeiro, March 30, 1850 Earthquake, Messina, December 28, 1908 HARDY M. BURTON (Tenn.) JOHN W. GOURLEY (Tex.) Yellow fever, St. Thomas, W. I., December 5, 1852 Smallpox, Ciudad Tuarez, Mexico, May 16, 1910 BEVERLY L. CLARKE (Ky.) THEODORE C. HAMM (Va.) Tropical fever, Guatemala, March 17, 1860 Smallpox. Durango, Mexico, November 6, 1914 ISAAC S. McMICKEN (Tex.) ROBERT N. McNEELY (N. C.) Yellow fever, Acapulco, Mexico, April 23, 1860 Lost at sea, December 30, 1915 GEORGE TRUE (Ohio) CHARLES P. McKIERNAN (N. Y.) Smallpox. Funchal, Madeira, January 22, 1862 Smallpox. Chungking, China, Mav 28, 1916 EDWARD W. GARDNER (Mass.) CHARLES F. BRISSEL (N. J.) Lost at sea, January, 1863 Cholera, Baghdad, October 21, 1916 CHARLES G. HANNAH (N. J.) ALBERT L. M. GOTTSCHALK (N. Y.) Yellow fever, Demerara, Guiana, December 8, 1864 Lost at sea, June, 1918 ABRAHAM HANSON (Wis.) MADDIN SUMMERS (Tenn.) African fever, Monrovia, Liberia, Tuly, 1866 Exhaustion, Moscow, May 4, 1918 HIRAM M. HAWKINS (Nev.) LUTHER K. ZABRISKIE (Conn.) Epidemic, Tumbez, Peru, October, 1866 Smallpox, Aguas Calientes, Mexico, January 17, 1921 ALLEN A. HALL (Tenn.) CARL R. LOOP (Ind.) Epidemic, La Paz, Bolivia, May 18, 1867 Saving life, Catania, July 29, 1923 H. E. PECK (Ohio) MAX D. KIRJASSOFF (Conn.) Yellow fever, Haiti, June 9, 1867 Earthquake, Yokohama, September 1, 1923 JAMES WILSON (Ind.) PAUL E. JENKS (N. Y.) Yellow fever, Venezuela, August 8, 1867 Earthquake, Yokohama, September 1, 1923 WILLIAM STEDMAN (Ohio) CLARENCE C. WOOLARD (Va.) Yellow fever, Santiago, Cuba, July 6, 1869 Epidemic, Cape Haitien, Haiti, December 22, 1923 CHARLES E. PERRY (N. Y.) ROBERT W. IMBRIE (D. C.) Epidemic, Aspinwall, Colombia, October 17, 1872 Murdered, Teheran, July 18, 1924 THOMAS BIDDLE (Pa.) WILLIAM I. JACKSON (111.) Epidemic, Guayaquil, Ecuador, May 7, 1875 Drowned, attempt to save life, Matanzas, Cuba, JAMES H. McCOLLEY (Pa.) November 2, 1930 Yellow' fever, Callao, Peru, April 17, 1869 JOHN T. WAIN WRIGHT (N. Y.) HENRY H. GARNET (N. Y.) Drowmed, attempt to save life, Matanzas, Cuba, African fever, Monrovia, Liberia, February 13, 1882 November 2, 1930 JESSE H. MOOR (111.) G. RUSSELL TAGGART (N. J.) Yellow fever, Callao, Peru, July 11, 1883 Hurricane, Belize, B. Honduras, September 14, 1931 79 during the war and his constant devotion to the ideals of America. Mr. Castle also spoke of the GUARANTEED SAVINGS FUND great debt America owes to its foreign born cit¬ LIFE INCOME TRUSTS izens for the depth and beauty added to our life by their contributions to all the fine arts. RETIREMENT INCOMES Mr. Dushkin is an artist of high rank—accom¬ FAMILY INCOMES, 12% Guaranteed plished, intellectual, sincere. He gave a beauti¬ ful program, beautifully played. From the open¬ ing number by the Italian Vitali and succeeding EDWARD D. HILL compositions of the classicists through to the 1126 Woodward Building works of the moderns Ravel and Prokofieff he WASHINGTON, D. C. National 3926 held the rapt attention of his audience by his per¬ fection of technique and beauty of interpretation. The Partita of Bach, for violin alone, in which the voices in the composition were so skilfully brought out, was most satisfying, the difficult Paganini Caprice was played with fluent ease, and the Scherzo of Prokofieff was gorgeously done. Mr. Dushkin was fortunate in his accompanist, Mr. Pierre Luboshutz, who brilliantly met the de¬ mands of the modern composer who so frequently makes of his composition a duet by the leading instrument and the piano. The program of the recital follows: I Ciaccona Vitali Sicilienne (18th century) Paradis Variations (on a Norwegian Theme) Weber II Partita in E Major (for violin alone) Bach Preludio Loure Gavotte and Rondo Menuetto I and II Bourree Giga III SAMUEL DUSHKIN Romance Andalouse Sarasate Caprice No. 20 Paganini DEPARTMENT OF STATE CLUB Scherzo (from Concerto in D) Serge Prokofieff Piece en forme de Habanera Maurice Ravel The first evening party of the season given by Mosquitos Blair Fairchild the Department of State Club was held on Sat¬ Hopak Moussorgsky urday evening, January 23, 1932, at the United Carnaval Russe Wieniawski States Chamber of Commerce auditorium. The After the recital, dancing was indulged in to a Club was most fortunate in having as its guest late hour. artist on that occasion Mr. Samuel Dushkin, the The second meeting of the club will take place eminent American violinist, who is on tour as on February 29 in the form of a Leap Year Party soloist with the Philadelphia Symphony Orches¬ under the direction of the ladies. Further par¬ tra. Previously Mr. Dushkin was the soloist with ticulars will be announced later. the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and for several years was engaged in international concert tours, also playing with the Paris Symphony Orchestra Music !—oh ! how, faint, how weak, and the Berlin Symphony Orchestra. Language fades before thy spell! Mr. William R. Castle, Jr., Undersecretary of State, introduced Mr. Dushkin and spoke not Why should Feeling ever speak, only of his genius but of his sterling American When thou can’st breathe her Soul so well ? qualities as evidenced by his service in the A. E. F. —M oore. 80 A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF An interesting side-light on the present crisis By JOHN CARTER is afforded by G. P. Baker’s “Justinian” (Dodd, Mead & Co.), a life of the Byzantine Emperor The book of the month, so far as international who had a “plan” for the reestablishment of the politics is concerned, is undoubtedly Norman An- Roman Empire, or, more exactly, of the civiliza¬ gell’s ‘'The Unseen Assassins” (Harper’s, $3.50). tion and policies which had made that Empire a Tver since his ‘‘Oreat Illusion” was published in unit. The failure was not inevitable; he might 1910 to prove that war did not pay, Mr. Angell have succeeded; and the story of the attempt lias rated pretty high as a prophet. His genius serves to remind us that there is nothing quite so for stating the obvious in terms which the average ancient as the problems of the modern world. man can understand enables him to attack the fundamental problem of international peace from Jennings C. Wise has produced a remarkable a purely practical point of view. He does not book, of purely American implications, “The Red deny that man is war, but holds, quite accurately, Man in the New World Drama” (W. F. Roberts that it is possible to change the things which men Co., $5), which traces from original sources the fight abt lit. He sees that nationalism based on fascinating story of the brutal impact of the white the theory of absolute sovereignty and the policies race upon the aborgines of North America and of nationalism create an anarchy which renders the effect of Indian ways upon the character of international conflict inevitable. He traces war North American civilization. Colonel Wise’s back to the aspirations of the man in the street sympathies are with the Indians. It is, however, and argues that the latter’s prejudices are the interesting to be informed that the nation which cause of international chaos. He is not opti¬ mistic ; neither is he pessimistic. He is content prides itself upon its devotion to peace has fought to state, with awful lucidity, the moral dilemma of no less than fifty-three official wars with the na¬ our civilization. tives of this continent since 1790.

Photo by Charles J. Pisar THE WINGABA RECLINING BUDDHA AT RANGOON, BURMA 81 GOVERNMENT SERVICE INSURANCE POLICIES A subject which is of undoubted interest to the Foreign Service of the United States is the question of obtaining insurance against losses on, or of, household and personal effects by fire, theft, or breakage, while in transit or when sta¬ tioned at post. The experience of the writer with one of the American companies which issues this class of Government policy is worthy of record and is of interest to the Service. On being transferred from Durban, South Africa to Tegucigalpa a Government Service Policy was taken on household furniture and effects and an additional premium of 1 percent was paid on a cargo policy with this same com¬ pany covering all risks, while in transit. Greet each Morning On arrival at destination it was found that due to the number of transhipments and possibly the rough handling at last port of entry and during the overland lorry trip of 130 odd kilometers to in the Peak of destination, there had been a considerable amount of breakage, and a claim for this dam¬ form and fettle age was presented to this company. The dam¬ ages claimed were entered under three different Banish dull mornings—listless spirits. Leave them classifications: far behind. Here’s the way to start your day right. Any time you wake up tired, and lialf-sick, do this: Total loss; articles entirely destroyed. . $196.00 Go to the bathroom, draw yourself a glass of cool Cost of repairs to damaged articles. . . . 205.00 water and into it pour a teaspoonful or so of Sal Depreciation of value on repaired pieces 179.00 Hepatica. Swiftly, yet gently, it banishes dullness and stodginess. Total loss $580.00 Constipation . . . headaches . . . colds . . . rheumatism Cost of survey by Lloyds 7.50 and digestive complaints are overcome, the blood¬ stream is cleansed, the system is swept clear of wastes Total claim $587.50 and toxins by Sal Hepatica. The claim was mailed from Tegucigalpa, Hon¬ Long have physicians here and abroad recognized the many advantages of this saline method. In duras, on October 23, and by return mail a check Europe the famous spas attract thousands of wealthy was received for the entire amount claimed. people, who rid themselves of many common ail¬ ments by drinking the sparkling waters. Sal MAGAZINES Hepatica contains the same salines and is the prac¬ tical equivalent of those noted health springs. The publishers of one of the most popular group of three magazines in the United States Next time you awake with a “logy,” rundown system trust to Sal Hepatica. Sold in all the principal cities extends to Foreign Service Officers stationed in of the world. countries not included within the International Postal Union, the same terms as those extended a| to their domestic subscribers. When in Durban, South Africa, where the yearly subscription rate was $10, the writer had S occasion to suggest to this publishing house that in view of the differences in the subscription rates due to the postal charges of various coun¬ tries to which Foreign Service Officers might Hepatica be transferred, that a uniform rate based on the Bristol-Myers Co., 75 West Street, N. Y., U. S. A. general average rate of postal charges of vari¬ ous countries be quoted to Foreign Service Of- 82 ficers. Its reply was to return to the writer $8 NEW AFGHAN CUSTOMS TARIFF of the $10 remitted and to advise him that the The preface states, among other things, that domestic rate of subscription would hereafter “for the benefit of our true and loyal subjects’’ be quoted to all Foreign Service Officers. Since the duty has been increased on certain articles that time 1 have encountered a number of For¬ of luxury “the import of which is harmful to eign Service Officers who subscribe to these our beloved country, so that, later, import into magazines through various agencies and who and use of such articles in the sacred country of pay more for these magazines than the domestic Afghanistan may cease entirely.” On the other rate quoted. hand, taxes have been reduced on “articles which The name of the publishing house referred to are considered to be of greater benefit to the above is : The Curtis Publishing Co., Independ¬ nation,” duties having been abolished entirely on ence Square, Philadelphia, Pa. such articles as rifles, pistols, and ammunition. CONSUL GASTON SMITH. Among the articles listed in the section “in¬ jurious to the interests and corrupting to the morals of the nation,” on which the duty was RETIREMENT FUND increased, one finds such things as “embroidered (Extract from the President’s message transmitting the shirts, artificial hair of all colors, polished dress¬ budget for the service of the fiscal year ending Jane 30, ing-tables,” etc. 1933.) Pending a revaluation of the civil service retirement It is a glimpse into a far off, picturesque coun¬ and disability fund, the estimate contained in this budget try to read, under the head of “Necessities,” for the financing of the Government’s liability to the that the duty of 30 percent ad valorem is placed fund calls for the same amount as was appropriated for on “ladies’ and gentlemen’s gold embroidered 1932—$20,850,000. For the Foreign Service retirement and disability fund, however, the estimate contained in shoes from Peshawar, if with pointed toes curled this budget is $416,000, as against an estimate and ap¬ back over the shoes,” and “handkerchiefs and propriation of $215,000 for 1932. This increase is based perspiration wipers of all colors, whether of upon an actuarial valuation recently made by the Bureau silk tussore or cotton.” And then, further on of Efficiency, and clearly indicates that the Government’s under different duty classifications, a striking liability to the fund was substantially increased by the act approved February 23, 1931. That act, however, con¬ picture is conjured up of camel loads of melons tinues without change the provision contained in the act and plums, Jalalabad pomegranates, pistachio of May 24, 1924, that the aggregate appropriations to nuts, dried mulberries, rose leaves and violets, meet the Government’s liability under the retirement fund cumin seed, coriander, anise, hyssop flowers, and should at no time exceed the aggregate total of the con¬ tributions of the Foreign Service officers theretofore sugared almonds, to say nothing of Bokaran silks, made, and accumulated interest thereon. While the es¬ Dacca muslins, Amritsar puttu (tweed), turbans, timate of $416,000 for 1933 may be made without exceed¬ shawls, furs (ermine, karakuli, etc.), and lastly ing the limitation contained in this provision, the restric¬ tions thereof will preclude appropriations for 1934 in nightingales and singing starlings. excess of about $322,000, and for subsequent fiscal years in excess of about $178,000 based on the present payroll of the Foreign Service officers. Federal contributions of these amounts will be totally inadequate to maintain the solvency of the retirement fund. The continuation in the act of February 23, 1931, of this restrictive provision indicates clearly that it was not the intention of Congress in the enactment of that law to confer additional retirement benefits upon Foreign Service officers which would prevent the solvency of the retirement fund being maintained by Federal contribu¬ tions equal to, but not exceeding in the aggregate, the total of the contributions of the Foreign Service officers and accumulated interest on such contributions. The re¬ cent actuarial valuation, however, shows conclusively that some further legislative action will be necessary if we are to maintain the solvency of the Foreign Service re¬ tirement and disability fund. The Secretary of State is aware of this situation and will make appropriate rec¬ ommendation to the Congress during the present session.

Photo by F. R. Stewart In the next issue of the JOURNAL the financial statement of the Retirement Fund will be pub¬ AMERICAN CONSULATE GENERAL, VIENNA lished. Reception Room 83 LETTERS Po River, I quietdy reply that I have had enough rowing (This column will be devoted each month to the publication to last me for a life time. in whole or in part, of letters to the Editor from members of I can get all the exercise I need by walking around the Association on topics of general interest. Such letters are the city visiting antique shops, art galleries, exhibitions to be regarded as expressing merely the personal opinion of the writers and not necessarily the views of the JOURNAL, or oj the of paintings, auction sales, etc. Besides this, my walks Association.) keep me in touch with what is taking place in Turin—new firms opening, others going into liquidation, and so on. QUESTION BOX For the particular information of the Editor, I would To THE EDITOR OP THE JOURNAL: suggest that he solicit more articles from Mr. Hart be¬ In your column, “Ten Years Ago,” you recalled the cause he always writes in an interesting and humorous opening of a Question Box for questions in Foreign Serv¬ way. ice practice dealing with the more informal aspects of Respectfully yours, official duties which are not of a character to be referred WILLIAM W. HEARD. to the Department for official decision. I am unaware as to how long this feature was used by Foreign Service officers, but it has certainly become inactive at the pres¬ CONTENTS ent time and, in my mind, that should not be the case. PAGE There are frequently questions arising throughout the GEORGE WASHINGTON BICENTENNIAL CELE¬ Service which could be informally discussed through the medium of the columns of the JOURNAL. The variation BRATION—By Honorable Sol Bloom 45 in interpretation of instructions could be avoided if it WASHINGTON: THE NATION BUILDER were possible for officers to read the opinions of their (Poem)—By Edwin Markham 48 colleagues as to the practice to be followed. THE YOUNGEST COUNTRY ON EARTH—By Frequently the Department, in its desire to limit the length of instructions, is not as explicit as is necessary Walter F. Boyle 49 to permit officers in the field to carry out directions as PALMA : THE CITY OF DREAMS AND BATTLES intended. The indexing of correspondence and the new By Rollin R. Winslow 51 inventory system are examples. If it were possible to THE PASSPORT DIVISION 58 obtain the opinions of others and informal comment by men in the Department, uniformity of practice would be NEWS ITEMS FROM THE FIELD 61 more general. With this in mind, I would heartily rec¬ FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 66 ommend the reinstatement of the Question Box feature COMMERCIAL WORK FOR DECEMBER 68 and the institution of some form of Discussion column DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CHANGES 70 where Service problems could be analyzed. BIRTHS AND MARRIAGES 71 BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON. December 29, 1931. IN MEMORIAM 72 USE OF RADIO BY AMERICAN FOREIGN SERV¬ ICE OFFICERS—By Ben C. Matthews 73 KEEPING FIT AROUND THE WORLD: RECORD OF VISITS BY TURIN, ITALY, DECEMBER 21, 1931. WILLIAM MOSS—By J. A. Chandler 75 The Editor, Foreign Service Journal, AMATEUR DRAMATICS—By Philip Adams... 77 Department of State, THE LOST ARE FOUND—By Norman R. Washington, D. C. J affray 78 SIR : AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE HONOR ROLL. . 79 What an interesting and amusing article from the pen STATE DEPARTMENT CLUB 80 of Minister Hart in Teheran in your December number A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF . . 81 on the subject of keeping fit. —By John Carter Perhaps my enthusiasm is due to the fact that it strikes RETIREMENT FUND 83 in me a responsive chord. LETTERS 84 When I am asked (even by Inspectors) if I play tennis, golf, and a myriad of other forms of exercise, my questioners invariably look askance at my negative answer. Surely they make a mental note that there is something wrong with me because I do not do what everyone else is doing. Mr. Hart’s horseback riding experience is similar to one of mine. During my training in the Navy one of We Will the pleasant things we had to do, and with the regu¬ larity of an electric clock, was to lower the boats and row them around for an hour or so. It made no differ¬ ence whether the ship was in a northern or tropical Bond You clime, boat drill took place just the same. I now have visions of going out every afternoon for many months HORACE F. CLARK & SON when stationed at Manila and under a sun hot enough GENERAL AGENTS—NEW JERSEY FIDELITY to scorch one’s whiskers. If I am not interested in 935 Investment Bldg., Washington, D. C. rowing either as a form of exercise or as a pastime, the above should be a sufficient explanation. If a friend now Phone National 9763 suggests that we hire a boat and row up and down the 84 1 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR X* OFFICERS

WILL ENJOY THE WILLARD with its large rooms, high ceilings and outside bath¬ rooms. Within the past few months the rooms have been newly decorated; with their bright and attractive chintzes, they are charming in appearance and provide the utmost in comfort.

Single Rooms with Bath—$4 and upward Double Rooms with Bath—$6 and upward Unexcelled cuisine and service at very moderate prices

Main Dining Room and Coffee Shop A la carte and Table d’hote meals 25% discount on room charges to members of the United States Foreign Service

On f amous Pennsylvania Ave. at Fourteenth and F Sts. aaaaBaaaaaaaaaaaaxaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa: Two BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE

FRANK S. HIGHT, President » $

ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION

BUILDERS OF SUPERSTRUCTURES AS WELL AS SUBSTRUCTURES

POWER STATION IRRIGATION DAM Office Buildings - Industrial Plants - Warehouses - Railroads and Terminals - Foundations Underpinning - Filtration and Sewage Plants - Hydro-Electric Developments - Power Houses Highways - River and Harbor Developments - Bridges and Bridge Piers - Mine Shafts and Tunnels THE FOUNDATION COMPANY NEW YORK ATLANTA CHICAGO LOS ANGELES LONDON LIMA PITTSBURGH SAN FRANCISCO MONTREAL MEXICO CITY CARTAGENA THE FOUNDATION COMPANY (FOREIGN) NEW YORK LONDON TOKYO ATHENS PARIS BRUSSELS Through Photographs Like This

CHINESE JUNKS LINED UP AT A DAIREN WHARF You Gan Share Your Knowledge of Geography

Whether you have the knack of taking good photo¬ tial interpreter of East to West and North to South. graphs, of writing human-interest narratives of your To satisfy its readers, it is constantly searching for travel experiences, or of describing the daily life of the new travel and Nature illustrations and articles. inhabitants of your district, you can contribute to international understanding by making known— You are invited to submit your photographs and through the National Geographic Magazine—facts manuscripts for consideration. All material accepted about the various countries and peoples of the Earth. for publication will be paid for at liberal rates. Write Kenching as it does a million and a quarter families to-day for our 16-page illustrated booklet detailing the in all parts of the world, The Geographic is an influen¬ kind of photographs desired. The National Geographic Magazine, Washington, D. G. Gilbert Grosvenor, Litt.D.; LL.D.. Editor