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REPORT RESUMES ED 016 185 AC 001 951 "EXTENDING TO THE PEOPLE," THE STORY OF CORRESPONDENCE STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. BY- ALLEN, CHESTER WEDEMEYER, CHARLES A. WISCONSIN UNIV., MADISON PUB DATE 57 EDRS PRICE MF..40.25 HC -$2.36 57P. DESCRIPTORS- *CORRESPONDENCE STUDY, *UNIVERSITY EXTENSION, *HISTORICAL REVIEWS, *PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION, ENROLLMENT INFLUENCES, INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CORRESPONDENCE COURSE, CHIEF ADMINISTRATOR, PROGRAM EVALUATION, TEXTBOOK PUBLICATIONS, ENROLLMENT TRENDS, PARTICIPANT CHARACTERISTICS, FINANCIAL POLICY, ADMINISTRATIVE POLICY? IN CELEBRATION OF THE FIRST FIFTY YEARS OF ITS EXTENSION DIVISION, THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN PUBLISHED THE STORY OF ITS CORRESPONDENCE STUDY PROGRAM, WHICH OUTLINED FACTORS AFFECTING ITS DEVELOPMENT. A PREDICTED INCREASE OF ENROLLMENT WAS ATTRIBUTED TO SUCH FACTORS AS FEDERAL ASSISTANCE TO SERVICEMEN AND INCREASED ACCEPTANCE OF THE CORRESPONDENCE METHOD. STATISTICS ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT SHOWED THAT CORRESPONDENCE STUDY WAS AS EFFECTIVE AS RESIDENT CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION. MILESTONES IN THE HISTORY OF THE DIVISION INCLUDED THE FARMERS' INSTITUTES BEGUNIN1885,THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EXTENSION DIVISIONIN1906,AND THE CREATION OF A SEPARATE EXTENSION STAFFIN1908.MEMBERS OF THE STAFF WROTE TEXTBOOKS FOR CORRESPONDENCE STUDY AND TESTED THEM IN CLASS SITUATIONS. THE WIDE PUBLICITY GIVEN THE TEXTS WAS A FACTOR IN THE TREMENDOUS INCREASE IN ENROLLMENT, WITH THE PEAK OF OPERATION IN JULY 1920 WHEN 33,659 PERSONS WERE ENROLLED IN VOCATIONAL COURSES AND 14,989 IN ACADEMIC COURSES. THE CREATION OF CLASS CENTERS THROUGHOUT THE STATE AND COOPERATION IN THE USAFI PROGnAM GREATLY AFFECTED EXTENSION AT WISCONSIN. SINCE 1954 THERE HAVE BEEN STEADY INCREASES II ENROLLMENT IN CORRESPONDENCE COURSES. CRT) I/ ec1 et- tIon c)p ME COPY 4 THE STORY OF CORRESPONDENCE STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN Z.'iL acros,,,,7.7stzwenveas*O. Extendinto the People THE STORY OF CORRESPONDENCE STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN by .Chester Allen Director of Special Services in Correspondence Study and Charles A. Wedemeyer Director of Correspondence Study The University of Wisconsin Extension Division Madison, 1957 U.S. DEARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. "The scheme thus adopted (correspondence study)is ex- ceptionally comprehensive, embracinga combination of all leading lines of effort which have provedsuccessful 0. in extending to the peoplea portion of the benefits of university education." --Catalog of The University of Wisconsin, 1891 CONTENTS I. INTO THE NEXT HALF-CENTURY 1 by Charles A. Wedemeyer Factors Affecting Future Enrollments Trends in Correspondence Study II. THE RECORD INTERPRETED 7 by Charles A. Wedemeyer The High School Program The College Program The Adult Program Fees for Correspondence Study Characteristics of Correspondence Students Enrollment Summary Orisanization for Instruction Courses Offered Effectiveness of Correspondence Instruction Nonstarts and Noncompletions Student Attitude Toward Correspondence Study III. BACKGROUND 17 by Chester Allen The Basic Principle The Current Situation Farmers' Institutes Teachers' Institute Lectureships Extracollegiate Education University Extension Correspondence Study The Faculty Resolution IV. VICISSITUDES OF ORGANIZATION 21 by Chester Allen Inspiration of Leadership Solicitude for University Extension A Major Crisis V. ATTEMPT AT ORGANIZATION 25 by Chester Allen A Secretary and an Assistant Correspondence Study Announcement Courses by Correspondence Fees Early Financial Records Expanding Current Needs Resignation of. the Secretary Decline of Correspondence Study Financial Retrenchment Fading Administrative Vigor VI. CORRESPONDENCE TEACHING REACTIVATED 31 by Chester Allen A Dormant Period Forecast of Reactivation The Wiaconsin.Idea Van Hise and Correspondence Study. VII. THE DEVELOPING ORGANIZATION - - - - 35 by Chester Alldn An Analysis of the 1905.1906 Situation A Plan of Organization Administrative Change 'FacUlty Approval Persons Reactivating Correspondence Courses VIII. CORRESPONDENCE TEACHING ESTABLISHED - 41 by Chester Allen William H, Lighty Louis E. Reber Vocational and Cultural Objectives University Faculty Approval Appointment of Instructors University Academic Departments The Correspondence Teacherts Function The Text Publishing Contract Correspondence Course Texts Effect Upon. Enrollments -iv- IX. CORRESPONDENCE STUDY, 1925-1945 by Chester Allen Enrollment Figures A New Period Permanence of Correspondence Teaching X. CORRESPONDENCE STUDY, 1945-1957 53 by Charles A. Wedemeyer A New Director Enrollment Expansion Extension Centers USAFI Correspondence Study Stabilized INTO THE NEXT HALF- CENTURY In 1956-1957, Extension atthe University of Wisconsin was fifty years old. As. the later chapters of this publica- tion reveal, correspondence study hadits origins even earlier than the formal organizationof Extension. "Extending to the people," thebasic ideal behini the adoption of correspondence study, had its first formalexpression in 1891. But the first fifty .years of the UniversitT:ot.WisconsinExtension..114Yision (1906-1907-1956-1957)are to:a'considerable extent. the record of the establishment andgrowth of correspondence study. Chapters III-X describe this growthin some detail. It purpose of this chapter to set forthpresent trends in corre- ispondence study whichforeshadow growth and development in the next half-century, andit.is the purpose of Chapter II to.de-- scribe the currentprogram of correspondenco study at'Wiscon-; Factors Affecting FutureEnrollments The. "explosive" birth rateof the World War II and 'postwar period, which is causingrecord elementary school enrollments at the present time,will also affect future enrollments in correspondence study. Yet it is extremely difficult to,fore7 cast correspondence studyenrollments with any accuracy. 'For most students, correspondencestudy is a supplementary learning activity and itsuse is-dependent upon a great many factors im- possible to control inforecasting. Some of -these factori; are: 1. Sizag_22292.ation to be served. This we can predict within reasonably closelimits fors ten to twenty years.in advance. Reliable figures show that there willbe a yirtu- .al doubling of the highschool population by 1960-1965, and of the college populationby 1970. As this wave of young people grows into adulthood,with ever more favor- able survival possibilitiesfor achieving old age, thepo- tential population to beserved by correspondence study in the years ahead willincrease more rapidly than education- al ,facilitiescan be increased. The Wisconsin correspond- ence study program serves high schoolstudents, college youths, and adults. Steady increases in enrollmentcan be expected throughout the nextfifteen to twenty yearson the basis of increasedpopulation alone: 2, Economic conditions.A change in economic conditions generally affects correspondenceenrollments: if the economic condition improves,persons who formerly could not afford residenceinstruction and had dependedupon correspondence studymay be able to afford residence -2- instruction; but others who could not afford any type of edu- cation may move into the group than can afford correspondence study instruction. If the economic situation worsens, the slide is in the other direction: some who had afforded resi- dence instruction switch to correspondence study, andsome who had depended- upon correspondence study, drop their educational program entirely. A depression'such as occurred in 1929-1936 acts as a depressant on all educational enrollments, though less so on correspondence study. 3i anorL low-Cost educational og= . 3op.rtunities laalla. If adequate and low-cost educational op- portunities . for all high school, college, and adultstudents were to b ecome .available locally, the need for :correspondence study would diminish almostto the vanishing point. This mould mean .0iat. the educationalneeds of nearly all persons now. served bycorrespondence study would be met at home.There are -no signs at present thatthis might happen .in the foreseeable future; if anything,. there is danger thatlocal 'educational opportunities in the next tento fifteen years Will be less adequate than in the last similar period. Shortage of compe-. tent teachers, shortage of physical facilities,and. the tre- mendous competition of other gOVernmental -units for the 'tax :dollar Are ,factors whichcould tend to .decrease rather than increase the availabilityof adequate 'local edUcational o0.; portunitiesa The need for correspondencestudy is 'expected to increase in the decades ahead. The increasing urbanization of Wisconsinand the:steady ..:crea:4on of consolidated'.schooL districts should tend t6A.m.4. .prove the educational opportunities of high schoOl youths Similarly the extension: of local college oppOrtuni- ties through University Centers throughout thestate should ::reduce the need forcollege-level Correspondence.:6tVdy in many .localities.: -The. establishmentand. improvement. ot adult schools thrOughout thp state shouldalso help meet the' needs 'of 'adults in many a reas. It j.8 -doubtful:, .however, that such advances can take place at A rate -equal to the increases. in need for educational opportunity.'. So the net effect willprobably be -to increase the need anduse of correspondence study, even while local opportunities