Wisconsin t Magazine of History The Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters: A Centennial History MARY FI^OST KRONCKE The Greeks of Mihvankee THEODORE SALOtlTOS Tlie C.::cchs in Wisconsin History KARKL D. EICIIA Red Kate O'Hare Comes to Madison STANLIiY MALLACH How to Discm'oivcl a Charging Historian WENDELL TRIPP Published by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin / Vol. 53, No. 3 / Spring, 1970 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN RICHARD A. ERNEY, Acting Director Officers THOMAS H. BARLAND, President GEORGE BANTA, JR., Honorary Vice-President JOHN C. GEILFUSS, First Vice-President E. E. HOMSTAD, Treasurer CuiFOHD D. SWANSON, Second Vice-President RICHARD A. ERNEY, Acting Secretary Board of Curators Ex-Officio WARREN P. KNOWLES, Governor of the State HAROLD W. CLEMENS, State Treasurer ROBERT C. ZIMMERMAN, Secretary of State FRED H. HARRINGTON, President of the University MRS. GEORGE SWART, President of the Women's Auxiliary Term Expires, 1970 THOMAS H. BARLAND MRS. EDWARD C. JONES HOWARD W. MEAD DONALD C. SLIGHTER Eau Glaire Fort Atkinson Madison Milwaukee JIM DAN HILL MRS. RAYMOND J. KOLTES FREDERICK I. OLSON DR. LOUIS C. SMITH Middleton Madison Wauwatosa Lancaster E. E. HOMSTAD CHARLES R. MCCALLUM F. HARWOOD ORBISON ROBERT S. ZIGMAN Black River Falls Hubertus Appleton Milwaukee Term Expires, 1971 ROGER E. AXTELL KENNETH W. HAAGENSEN MOWRY SMITH MILO K. SWANTON Janesville Oconomowoc Neenah Madison MRS. HENRY BALDWIN ROBERT B. L. MURPHY MRS. WM. H. L. SMYTHE CEDRIC A. VIG Wisconsin Rapids Madison Milwaukee Rhinelander HORACE M. BENSTEAD FREDERIC E. RISSER WILLIAM F. STARK CLARK WILKINSON Racine Madison Nashotah Baraboo Term Expires, 1972 E. DAVID CRONON MRS. ROBERT E. FRIEND MRS. HOWARD T. GREENE WAYNE J. HOOD Madison Hartland Genesee Depot La Crosse SCOTT M. CUTLIP ROBERT A. GEHRKE BEN GUTHRIE J. WARD RECTOR Madison Ripon Lac du Flambeau Milwaukee W. NORMAN FITZGERALD JOHN C. GEILFUSS MRS. R. L. HARTZELL CLIFFORD D. SWANSON Milwaukee Milwaukee GRANTSBURG Stevens Point Honorary Honorary Life Members WILLIAM ASHBY MCCLOY, New London, Connecticut PRESTON E. MCNALL, Clearwater, Florida JOHN C. JACQUES, Madison DOROTHY L. PARK, Madison BENTON H. WILCOX, Madison Fellows VERNON CARSTENSEN MERLE CURTI ALICE E. SMITH The Women's Auxiliary Officers MRS. GEORGE SWART, Fort Atkinson, President Miss MARIE BARKMAN, Sheboygan, Vice-Pre.^ident MISS RUTH DAVIS, Madison, Secretary MRS. RICHARD G. ZIMMERMANN, Sheboygan, Treasurer MRS. EDWARD H. RIKKERS, Madison, Ex-Officio VOLUME 53, NUMBER 3 / SPRING, 1970 Wisconsin Magazine of History WILLIAM CONVERSE HAYGOOD, Editor WILLIAM C. MARTEN, Associate Editor The Society's New Director 162 The Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters: A Centennial History 163 MARY FROST KRONCKE The Greeks of Milwaukee 175 THEODORE SALOUTOS The Czechs in Wisconsin History 194 KAREL D. BICHA Red Kate O'Hare Comes to Madison: The Politics of Free Speech 204 STANLEY MALLACH How to Disenvowel a Charging Historian 223 WENDELL TRIPP Book Reviews 227 Accessions 239 Contributors 240 Published Quarterly by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published by contributors. Second-class postage paid at Madison, quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Wis. Copyright© 1970 by the State Historical Society of 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Distributed Wisconsin. Paid for in part by the Maria L. and Simeon to members as part of their dues (Annual membership, Mills Editorial Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. $7.50; Family membership, $10; Contributing, $25; Busi­ Wisconsin newspapers may reprint any article appearing in ness and Professional, $50; Sustaining, $100 or more an­ the WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY providing the nually; Patron, $500 or more annually). Single numbers, story carries the following credit line: Reprinted from the $1.75. Microfilmed copies available through University State Historical Society's Wisconsin Magazine of History Microfilms, 313 North First Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. for r insert the season and year which appear on the Maga­ Communications should be addressed to the editor. The zine], Society does not assume responsibility for statements made WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY SPRING, 1970 The Society's New Director Dr. Smith has achieved an impressive record in several fields: teaching, research and writ­ ing, historical editing, and administration. He is a former editor of publications and acting director of the Institute of Early American His­ tory and Culture, an organization sponsored jointly by Colonial Williamsburg, Inc. and the College of William and Mary, and has also held the post of director of the Coe Foundation Institute in American Studies, at Hampton In­ stitute. He has published numerous articles and scholarly reviews and has been the recipient of many awards and fellowships, including a Guggenheim Fellowship (1960—1961). In ad­ dition to contributing to history textbooks, he is the author of Freedom's Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Laws and American Civil Liber­ ties; Liberty and Justice: A Historical Record of American Constitutional Development; Sev­ enteenth-Century America: Essays in Colonial Dr. James Morton Smith History; and George Washington: A Profile. He is now completing a three-volume work on the correspondence of Jefferson and Madison. EFFECTIVE July 1, 1970, the eighth director in He has also served on the Board of Editors of the Society's 124-year-old history will assume the Journal of Southern History, the Editorial his official duties. He is Dr. James Morton Committee of the Papers of John Marshall, and Smith, a specialist in the Colonial, Revolution­ as chairman of the Editorial Committee of the ary, and Constitutional periods of American George Mason Papers. history, who is currently on the history faculty During World War II Dr. Smith was a lieu­ of Cornell University. Born in Bernie, Missouri, tenant in the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve. He is in 1919, Dr. Smith was graduated from South­ married to the former Kathryn Hegler of Ben­ ern Illinois University in Carbondale in 1941, ton, Illinois, and the Smiths have two children, obtained his master's degree from the Univer­ Melissa Jane, eighteen, and James Morton, Jr., sity of Oklahoma, and was awarded the doc­ thirteen. Dr. Smith's hobbies include camping, torate by Cornell in 1951. He has taught at gardening, refinishing furniture, and collecting Butler University, Ohio State University, the American folk art. He is also an ardent jazz College of William and Mary, and Duke Uni­ buff. versity. In 1964^1965 he was a visiting pro­ In announcing the appointment Judge Thom­ fessor at the University of Wisconsin and the as H. Barland, the Society's president, said: following year joined the faculty at Cornell. "In addition to Dr. Smith's imposing scholarly He will succeed Dr. Richard A. Erney, who has achievements, he brings to Wisconsin a deep been acting director since Leslie H. Fishel, Jr.'s interest in and conviction of the need for popu­ resignation in June, 1969. lar presentation of history." 162 THE WISCONSIN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ARTS, AND LETTERS A Centennial History BY MARY FROST KRONCKE TITHEN CELEBRATING the fiftieth anni- Academy of Science.^ Furthermore, Lapham ' ' versary of the Wisconsin Academy of corresponded with such notables in American Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Thomas C. Cham­ science as Benjamin Silliman, Louis Agassiz, berlin jokingly attributed his survivorship to Asa Gray, and others, and shared these letters the fact that he was last on the list of original with Hoy.* Thus, along with their vast fund of signees.^ He along with the other one hundred information, they brought to Wisconsin's Acad­ and five men on that list, and especially those emy a working knowledge of other academies who attended the first meeting in Madison on and an acquaintance with the broader horizons February 17, 1870, can be given credit for of American science. While Lapham's role in launching the Academy. Nevertheless, special founding the Academy is only at best docu­ approbation can be given to Increase Lapham, mented in his cryptic diary statement, "Went Philo Romayne Hoy, and John Wesley Hoyt. to Madison and on the 16th assisted in organiz­ For Hoy and Lapham, as for many men of ing the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, science in this era, nature was the main labora­ and Letters,"^ his presence certainly contrib­ tory, the naked eye the chief instrument, and uted prestige to the Academy's beginnings. Hoy the collection and comparing of specimens and for his part was a superb writer, and his elo­ natural phenomena the chief method of re­ quence and deep feeling for science must have search. Although Lapham—Wisconsin's most been a cohesive bond in the Academy's early renowned scientist—was from Milwaukee and days. Hoy was a medical doctor from Racine, they The actual task of bringing the Academy met frequently for nature hikes and discus­ into being fell to John Wesley Hoyt. Younger sions, filling their notebooks with observations than Hoy or Lapham, he had abundant energy and their storage sheds with collections of and organizational ability. His youth was spent birds, fossils, rocks, and small mammals.^ Both clearing and developing three Ohio farms, work were members of the American Academy for the Advancement of Science, and Lapham had published in the first journal of the Chicago ' Increase Lapliam to Julia Lapliam, August 11, 1871; Seneca Lapham to "Dear Father," April 11, 1867; Fred H. Hall to Dr. L A. Lapham, February 11, 1868, all in the Lapham Papers, Archives-Manu­ ^ Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Let­ scripts Division, State Historical Society of Wiscon­ ters, Transactions (1922), 20:696. sin. ^ P. R. Hoy, "Memorial of Increase Lapham," in ^Transactions, (1875-1876), 3:26. Transactions (1875-1876), 3: 266; Milwaukee Senti­ ° Increase Lapham Diary, February 15, 1870, in nel, January 27, 1880. the Lapham Papers.