DOCSLIB.ORG

H Istorical Sociology a N D Great Power Vulnerability

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
H Istorical Sociology a N D Great Power Vulnerability T it l e P a g e H ist o r ic a l So c io l o g y a n d G rea t Po w er V ulnerability : T h e En d o f t h e Co l d W a r a n d t h e Co l l a pse o f t h e So v ie t U n i o n Nicholas Lyon Bisley Department of International Relations London School of Economics and Political Science .uj Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London. 2001 1 UMI Number: U176267 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U176267 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 IH S, S> h 37 %2 Ab s t r a c t This thesis examines the collapse of Soviet state power from an international perspective. It assesses the extent to which the Soviet Union’s international confrontation with the capitalist West, and the end of that confrontation, contributed to the strengthening and weakening of the Soviet state. It shows that the state’s international stance of hostility, in both social-systemic and geopolitical terms, became a central component of Soviet state power. Central to this study is the assumption that the continuation of state power is contingent on the successful reproduction of the institutions of political rule. To this end, the thesis develops a historical sociological theory of the state which builds on a critique of neo-Weberian institutional-functional theories of the modem state. Using this theory, the thesis examines the development of Soviet state power and draws out the ways in which the international confrontation with the West reinforced the Soviet state and came to develop and shape its structures and institutions. Following an examination of the end of the Cold War, the thesis considers the way in which the change in international policy undermined elements of Soviet power, particularly in terms of ideology, legitimacy and material-organisational structures. The retreat from this posture, undertaken by Gorbachev through the 1980s, removed the conflict as a structure of the state, contributed to its weakening and helped make the state vulnerable to the challenges of the 1990-91 period. The thesis concludes that the international confrontation played an important ideational and material role in the development and undermining of Soviet state power. Moreover, the international confrontation was a vital part of the architecture of the Soviet state which helped make the state’s claim to rule a more robust and effective socio-political mechanism. 2 Acknowledgements In writing this thesis I have incurred more debts than I can hope to repay. Here I would like to give credit to the people who have helped me complete this thesis. I would like to thank Michael Mann, Vendulka Kubalkova, John Hobson, Chris Reus-Smit and Steve Hobden for permission to cite their respective unpublished manuscripts. Steve Hobden organised a conference on Historical Sociology and International Relations, at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, which helped act as catalyst for my work, and I thank him for facilitating this. Friends in the International Relations Department at the LSE have provided an ideal environment for undertaking PhD research. I would particularly like to thank Per Hammarlund, Jason Ackleson, Sarah Owen Vandersluis, Mohammed Hafez and Chris Brown each of whom read various chapters in their earlier incarnations and who all helped make the finished product infinitely better. I am extremely fortunate to have parents who have supported me, in every sense, throughout my studies and to them I owe a special debt of gratitude. Two people, above all, deserve special mention. Catherine Button experienced the production process from day one and helped keep my momentum going when inertia seemed about to set in. More importantly, she read the entire manuscript with a consummate editorial professionalism and inestimably improved the content of this work. For both of these efforts I thank her profusely. Finally, Fred Halliday has been an exemplary supervisor. His guidance, support and confidence in me and my work were crucial to the completion of this thesis. For this support and his friendship I am extremely grateful. 3 Ac r o n y m s U s e d i n T h e s is CFE Conventional Forces in Europe CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CoCom Co-ordinating Committee on East-West Trade COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Assistance CPE Centrally Planned Economy CPD Congress of People’s Deputies CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union. FRG Federal Republic of Germany GDR German Democratic Republic GNP Gross National Product GOSSBANK Soviet State Bank GOSSNAB Soviet State Acquisition Agency GOSSPLAN Soviet State Planning Agency ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile IMF International Monetary Fund INF Intermediate Nuclear Forces IR The academic study of International Relations KGB State Security Council (USSR) LDP Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NMP National Material Product (Soviet equivalent of GNP) NSC National Security Council OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries RCP Russian Communist Party RSFSR Russian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic SDI Strategic Defence Initiative SSRC Social Science Research Council START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty TsSU Central Statistics Directorate (USSR) UN United Nations USA United States of America USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 4 Ta b l e o f Co n t e n t s TITLE P A G E .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................3 ACRONYMS USED IN THESIS..................................................................................................................... 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................................................................5 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................10 1.1 Th e s is...................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Context of the Th e s is .....................................................................................................................12 1.2.1 The Collapse of the Soviet Union.................................................................................. 12 1.2.2 International Relations and the End of the Cold War................................................15 Theoretical and Analytic Studies............................................................................................................. 16 Memoirs and Current Event History...................................................................................................... 21 1.2.3 Historical Sociology.......................................................................................................25 Historical Sociology and IR .....................................................................................................................25 Randall Collins and the Collapse of the USSR ......................................................................................27 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................30 1.3 Conceptual Fram ew ork ............................................................................................................... 31 1.3.1 Political Process and State Vulnerability.................................................................... 31 1.3.2 International Confrontation and the Cold War...........................................................36 International Confrontation: 1917-1941................................................................................................38 International Confrontation: The Cold War ........................................................................................... 40 1.4 Thesis Overview..................................................................................................................................46 2 A HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGICAL METHOD ........................................................................48 2.1 The R ise of H istorical Sociology in IR ...................................................................................50 2.2 International H istorical Sociological M e th o d .............................................................54 2.2.1 Assumptions and Ontology............................................................................................54
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Traumas in Post-War Hungary: Legacies and Representations of Genocide and Dictatorship
    The Hungarian Historical Review New Series of Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Volume 6 No. 2 2017 Historical Traumas in Post-War Hungary: Legacies and Representations of Genocide and Dictatorship Balázs Apor Special Editor of the Thematic Issue Contents Articles Zsolt Győri Discursive (De)Constructions of the Depoliticized Private Sphere in The Resolution and Balaton Retro 271 tamás BeZsenyi and The Legacy of World War II and Belated Justice andrás lénárt in the Hungarian Films of the Early Kádár Era 300 Péter Fodor Erasing, Rewriting, and Propaganda in the Hungarian Sports Films of the 1950s 328 anna menyhért Digital Trauma Processing in Social Media Groups: Transgenerational Holocaust Trauma on Facebook 355 ZsóFia réti Past Traumas and Future Generations: Cultural Memory Transmission in Hungarian Sites of Memory 377 lóránt Bódi The Documents of a Fresh Start in Life: Marriage Advertisements Published in the Israelite Newspaper Új Élet (New Life) Between 1945–1952 404 http://www.hunghist.org HHR_2017-2.indb 1 9/26/2017 3:20:01 PM Contents Featured review The Routledge History of East Central Europe since 1700. Edited by Irina Livezeanu and Árpád von Klimó. Reviewed by Ferenc Laczó 427 Book reviews Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c. 900–c. 1300. By Nora Berend, Przemysław Urbańczyk, and Przemysław Wiszewski. Reviewed by Sébastien Rossignol 434 Deserting Villages – Emerging Market Towns: Settlement Dynamics and Land Management in the Great Hungarian Plain: 1300–1700. By Edit Sárosi. Reviewed by András Vadas 437 Das Reich als Netzwerk der Fürsten: Politische Strukturen unter dem Doppelkönigtum Friedrichs II.
    [Show full text]
  • TOWI Nw866 O Uj
    TOWI Nw866 o uJ HAIII: 9 THE DECHOUKAOE HAS ONLY JUST BEOUN! PERU: IHIT BLOOD THAT HAS BEEI{ SPITT SHAtt NEUER BE FORGOIIE]II F{r**ffiffi sliti;::l$ 1986t6 Hoiti The Dechoukage Has Only Just Begun! Crisis in Haiti and the Tasks of Revolutionaries by the Haitian Internationalist Revolutionary- Group A Call to the Haitian Revolutionary Movement by the Haitian Revolutionary Internationalist Group and the Haitian Workers Party t6 People Are Disposed to Take Care of Business - Talks with Haitian Workers Party l8 Peru This Blood That Has Been Spilt Shall Never Be Forgotten 34 Flames Leap to Puno 37 Support for People's War in Peru Echoes on Every Continent 39 Excerpts From Worldwide Campaign Speech Five Years of People's War in Peru 44 RIM Committee Greets Peru Campaign 46 A "Shining Trench of Combat" Statement on the Massacre of Our Comrades in Peru's Prisons by the RIM Committee 28 "Day of Herois111" - Statement by the PCP Central Committee- 32 Forward Along the Path Charted by Mao Tsetung!42 Interview with Afghan Revolutionary 48 Romania: From Goulash Communism to Capitalist Austerity 58 The Weapon of Criticism: Book Reviews 64 A llorld to I,I4n is a quarterly published by World to Win, whose address is: BCM world to win London WCIN 3XX. U.K. This issue was printed by Russell Press, Bertrand Russeil House, Forest Road West, Nottingham, U.K. AUGUST, I986. Subscribe to A World to Win From Kurdiston to Colombio - people oll oround the world reod A World to Win Avoiloble in English, 'a.,ry%i_*{ Forsi, Sponish, ltolion, ond Turkish.
    [Show full text]
  • Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: a Comparison
    WELFARE REFORMS IN POST-SOVIET STATES: A COMPARISON OF SOCIAL BENEFITS REFORM IN RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN by ELENA MALTSEVA A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Elena Maltseva (2012) Welfare Reforms in Post-Soviet States: A Comparison of Social Benefits Reform in Russia and Kazakhstan Elena Maltseva Doctor of Philosophy Political Science University of Toronto (2012) Abstract: Concerned with the question of why governments display varying degrees of success in implementing social reforms, (judged by their ability to arrive at coherent policy outcomes), my dissertation aims to identify the most important factors responsible for the stagnation of social benefits reform in Russia, as opposed to its successful implementation in Kazakhstan. Given their comparable Soviet political and economic characteristics in the immediate aftermath of Communism’s disintegration, why did the implementation of social benefits reform succeed in Kazakhstan, but largely fail in Russia? I argue that although several political and institutional factors did, to a certain degree, influence the course of social benefits reform in these two countries, their success or failure was ultimately determined by the capacity of key state actors to frame the problem and form an effective policy coalition that could further the reform agenda despite various political and institutional obstacles and socioeconomic challenges. In the case of Kazakhstan, the successful implementation of the social benefits reform was a result of a bold and skillful endeavour by Kazakhstani authorities, who used the existing conditions to justify the reform initiative and achieve the reform’s original objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Organized Crime and the Russian State Challenges to U.S.-Russian Cooperation
    Organized Crime and the Russian State Challenges to U.S.-Russian Cooperation J. MICHAEL WALLER "They write I'm the mafia's godfather. It was Vladimir Ilich Lenin who was the real organizer of the mafia and who set up the criminal state." -Otari Kvantrishvili, Moscow organized crime leader.l "Criminals Nave already conquered the heights of the state-with the chief of the KGB as head of a mafia group." -Former KGB Maj. Gen. Oleg Kalugin.2 Introduction As the United States and Russia launch a Great Crusade against organized crime, questions emerge not only about the nature of joint cooperation, but about the nature of organized crime itself. In addition to narcotics trafficking, financial fraud and racketecring, Russian organized crime poses an even greater danger: the theft and t:rafficking of weapons of mass destruction. To date, most of the discussion of organized crime based in Russia and other former Soviet republics has emphasized the need to combat conven- tional-style gangsters and high-tech terrorists. These forms of criminals are a pressing danger in and of themselves, but the problem is far more profound. Organized crime-and the rarnpant corruption that helps it flourish-presents a threat not only to the security of reforms in Russia, but to the United States as well. The need for cooperation is real. The question is, Who is there in Russia that the United States can find as an effective partner? "Superpower of Crime" One of the greatest mistakes the West can make in working with former Soviet republics to fight organized crime is to fall into the trap of mirror- imaging.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence
    Russia • Military / Security Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, No. 5 PRINGLE At its peak, the KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) was the largest HISTORICAL secret police and espionage organization in the world. It became so influential DICTIONARY OF in Soviet politics that several of its directors moved on to become premiers of the Soviet Union. In fact, Russian president Vladimir V. Putin is a former head of the KGB. The GRU (Glavnoe Razvedvitelnoe Upravleniye) is the principal intelligence unit of the Russian armed forces, having been established in 1920 by Leon Trotsky during the Russian civil war. It was the first subordinate to the KGB, and although the KGB broke up with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the GRU remains intact, cohesive, highly efficient, and with far greater resources than its civilian counterparts. & The KGB and GRU are just two of the many Russian and Soviet intelli- gence agencies covered in Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Intelligence. Through a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a chronology, an introductory HISTORICAL DICTIONARY OF essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries, a clear picture of this subject is presented. Entries also cover Russian and Soviet leaders, leading intelligence and security officers, the Lenin and Stalin purges, the gulag, and noted espionage cases. INTELLIGENCE Robert W. Pringle is a former foreign service officer and intelligence analyst RUSSIAN with a lifelong interest in Russian security. He has served as a diplomat and intelligence professional in Africa, the former Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe. For orders and information please contact the publisher && SOVIET Scarecrow Press, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sweet History in Bitter Times: Refining Sugar in the Transnistrian Borderlands (1898-2015)
    A SWEET HISTORY IN BITTER TIMES: REFINING SUGAR IN THE TRANSNISTRIAN BORDERLANDS (1898-2015) by Alexandru Lesanu A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy History Committee: ___________________________________________ Director ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Department Chairperson ___________________________________________ Program Director ___________________________________________ Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA A Sweet History in Bitter Times: Refining Sugar in the Transnistrian Borderlands (1898-2015) A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at George Mason University by Alexandru Lesanu Master of Arts Central European University, Budapest, Hungary, 2005 Bachelor of Arts Low Danube University, Galati, Romania, 2003 Director: Steven Barnes, Professor Department of History and Art History Fall Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution-noderivs 3.0 unported license. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A dissertation is a long journey and it cannot be completed without the support of numerous travel companions. I would like to thank Steven Barnes, my dissertation adviser, who shared this journey from its beginning in 2008 until its end in 2015. During the journey, Steve was not only a meticulous adviser but also a valuable travel companion. Thanks to the other two members of my dissertation committee, Mills Kelly and Paula Petrik, for their precious travel advice. Among many movie and book recommendations, Mills suggested that Bridge on the Drina by Ivo Andric would be an inspired reading during my journey.
    [Show full text]
  • The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Part 1) Introduction
    IntroductionKramer SPECIAL ISSUE: The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Part 1) Introduction ✣ The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was remarkable because it occurred so suddenly and with so little violence, especially in Russia itself. Even now, more than a decade after the fact, the abrupt and largely peaceful end of Communist rule in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union seems nearly miraculous. History offers no previous instances in which revolutionary polit- ical and social change of this magnitude transpired with almost no violence. When large, multiethnic empires disintegrated in the past, their demise usu- ally came after extensive warfare and bloodshed.1 As late as mid-August 1991, just before an attempted coup d’état in Moscow, few if any observers expected that the Soviet Communist regime—and the Soviet state as a whole—would simply dissolve in a nonviolent manner. Many long-standing Western theo- ries of revolution and political change will have to be revised to take account of the largely peaceful upheavals that culminated in the breakup of the Soviet Union. Despite the enormous signiªcance of the Soviet collapse, Western schol- ars have not yet adequately explained why and how it occurred. Although a plethora of articles and books on the subject have been published over the past eleven years, the cumulative results of this research have been modest.2 The basic chronology of events from 1985 through 1991 is well-known, but the details of many crucial episodes (such as the failed coup of August 1991) are as murky as ever. There has not yet been a systematic, in-depth assessment 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Mccauley Stalinism the Thirties.Pdf
    Stalin and Stalinism SECOND EDITION MARTIN McCAULEY NNN w LONGMANLONDON AND NEW YORK The Thirties 25 and October 1929, and Stalin declared on 7 November 1929 that the great PART TWO: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 2 THE movement towards collectivisation was under way [8]. The Politburo stated on 5 January 1930 that large-scale kulak production was to be replaced by large- scale kolkhoz production. Ominously, for the better-off farmers it also proclaimed the THIRTIES ‘liquidation of the kulaks as a class*. It was hoped that the collectivisation of the key grain-growing areas, the North Caucasus and the Volga region, would be completed by the spring of 1931 at the latest and the other grain-growing areas by the spring of 1932. A vital role in rapid collectivisation was played by the 25,000 workers who descended on the countryside to aid the ‘voluntary* process. The ‘twenty-five thousanders*, as they were called, brooked no opposition. They were all vying with one another for the approbation of the party. Officially, force was only permissible against kulaks, but the middle and poor peasants were soon sucked into the maelstrom of violence. Kulaks were expelled from their holdings and their POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY stock and implements handed over to the kolkboz. What was to become of them? Stalin was brutally frank: ‘It is ridiculous and foolish to talk at length After the war scare of 1927 [5] came the fear of foreign economic intervention. about dekulakisation. ... When the head is off, one does not grieve for the hair. Wrecking was taking place in several industries and crises had occurred in There is another question no less ridiculous: whether kulaks should be allowed to join the collective farms? Of course not, others — or so Stalin claimed in April 1928.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kgb's Image-Building Under
    SPREADING THE WORD: THE KGB’S IMAGE-BUILDING UNDER GORBACHEV by Jeff Trimble The Joan Shorenstein Center PRESS ■ POLI TICS Discussion Paper D-24 February 1997 ■ PUBLIC POLICY ■ Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government INTRODUCTION The KGB, under many different sets of graduate student at the Pushkin Russian Lan- initials, evokes frightening memories of the guage Institute in Moscow during the 1979-80 Soviet period of Russian history. A garrison academic year, later as Moscow correspondent state within a state, it provided the terror that for U.S. News & World Report from 1986 to glued the Soviet Union into a unitary force for 1991, Trimble observed the changes not just in evil. Few bucked the system, and dissent was the old KGB but in the old Soviet Union and, in limited, for the most part, to whispers over this paper, based on his own research, he ex- dinner or under the sheets. Millions were herded plains their significance. At a time in American into the communist version of concentration life when we seem to be largely indifferent to the camps, or transported to Siberia, or simply rest of the world, we are indebted to Trimble for executed for crimes no more serious than having his reminder that the past is not too far removed the wrong economic or ideological pedigree. from the present. The KGB, by its brutal behavior, came to be The question lurking between the lines is identified throughout the world with the Soviet whether the changes in image are in fact system of government. When the system, with changes in substance as well.
    [Show full text]
  • RC 56 00.Qxd
    Center for Social and Economic Research CASE Reports Russia: Political and Institutional Determinants of Economic Reforms Marek Dabrowski, ed. (CASE) Vladimir Mau (IET) Konstantin Yanovskiy (IET) Irina Sinicina (CASE) Rafal Antczak (CASE) Sergei Zhavoronkov (IET) Alexei Shapovalov (CASE) No. 56/2004 Moscow – Warsaw, March 2004 The views and opinions expressed here reflect the author(s) point of view and not necessarily those of the CASE. Country Study carried out under the GDN global research project on 'Understanding Reform'. Key words: economic reforms, transition, Russia, reform sequencing, political reforms, institutional reforms, political economy. Review by José María Fanelli, PhD © CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw 2004 Graphic Design: Agnieszka Natalia Bury DTP: CeDeWu Sp. z o.o. ISSN 1506-1647, ISBN: 83-7178-336-1 Publisher: CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research 12 Sienkiewicza, 00-944 Warsaw, Poland tel.: (48 22) 622 66 27, 828 61 33, fax: (48 22) 828 60 69 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.case.com.pl Contents List of Tables and Figures . 5 1. Introduction . 9 2. History of the Soviet/Russian political and economic reforms 1985-2002 . 14 2.1. The end of the communist 'economic miracle' . 14 2.2. The destabilizing effects of the 'Perestroika' period 1985-1991 . 16 2.3. 'Revolutionary' period of reforms, end of 1991-1994. 18 2.4. The fragile and illusory stabilization of 1995-1998 . 22 2.5. Post-crisis period (1999-2003) . 24 2.6. The overall record and list of unresolved problems. 25 Appendix 2.1. The Main Reform Events and Players, 1990-2003 .
    [Show full text]
  • Socialist Competition from Soviet Union to Yugoslavia
    UDK: 321.74(497.1) 32.019.51 Received: March 24, 2017 Accepted: October 25, 2017 Izvorni znanstveni članak Socialist Competition from Soviet Union to Yugoslavia Tomislav ANIĆ* The author presents first year of rule of the Communist Party in the new Yugoslav state. This period was marked by efforts to establish the value and administrative order that has already been developed in the USSR. The single-party system, the planned economy, the control of public opinion were techniques taken from Soviet practice. It was important for the Yugoslav communists, to use those methods to achieve it. In the desire for the rapid development of the lack of industry, primarily of machinery, raw materials and labour, the socialist competition method was applied. Key words: socialist competition, Croatia, Yugoslavia, USSR Introduction1 The purpose of this paper is to explain the system of socialist competition in relation to the context in which it appeared, presenting at the same time * Tomislav Anić, Ph.D., Catholic University of Croatia, Department of History, Zagreb, Croatia 1 Most of data and the references from this article could be found in following bibliography: archives sources: Hrvatski državni arhiv (Croatian State Archive), Savez sindikata Jugoslavije, Vijeće Saveza sindikata Hrvatske (SSJ VSSH), periodicals: Borba, 1946, Glas rada, 1945, 1946, 1947, Naprijed, 1946, Rad, 1945, 1946; books: Gerl Friderik, Fran Podrbrežnik, Milan Vučo, Uvod u radne norme, (Beograd: Komisiona naklada Međunarodne knjižare, 1946), Zoran Bujas, Osnove psihofiziologije rada (Uvod u industrijsku psihologiju), (Zagreb: Izdavački zavod Jugo- slavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti, 1968), Frederick Winslow, Taylor, Naučno upravl- janje, (Beograd: Rad, 1967), Georgij Nikolaevič Evstaf ev, O socijalističkom takmičenju, (Zagreb: Naprijed, 1946), Lewis H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Criminal Time Bomb: an Examination of the Effect of the Russian Mafia on the Newly Independent State of the Ormerf Soviet Union
    Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies Volume 4 Issue 1 Article 9 Fall 1996 The Criminal Time Bomb: An Examination of the Effect of the Russian Mafia on the Newly Independent State of the ormerF Soviet Union Peter Daniel DiPaola Indiana University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls Part of the Criminal Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation DiPaola, Peter Daniel (1996) "The Criminal Time Bomb: An Examination of the Effect of the Russian Mafia on the Newly Independent State of the Former Soviet Union," Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1 , Article 9. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijgls/vol4/iss1/9 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Criminal Time Bomb: An Examination of the Effect of the Russian Mafiya on the Newly Independent States of the Former Soviet Union PETER DANIEL DIPAOLA" INTRODUCTION In 1989, the Western world celebrated the apparent triumph of democracy and capitalism over communism. Overnight, the "evil empire"' became a potential partner. In fact, some Western thinkers were so overcome that Francis Fukuyama maintained the fall of communism signaled "the end of history."2 Unfortunately, the optimistic predictions of 1989 have not come to pass. The Russian economy has responded slowly to reform.3 Communists and ultranationalists are regaining strength in the Russian government." More ominously, organized crime is threatening to overwhelm Russian politics, economics, and society.
    [Show full text]