( Med. Entomo 1. 200 1. Vo 1. 54 NO.4 p.367 - 370 2003 )

A new and distributional notes on the Lotophil α Lioy (Diptera ，Sphaeroceridae) from the Oriental Region

Toshihiko HA Y ASHI

De ρ artment 01 Medical Entomology ，Na tional Institute olInl ec tious Diseases ，Toyama 1-23 -1，Shinjuku ，Tokyo ，162 -8640 Japan

(Received: (Received: 2 July 2003; Accepted: 6 September 2003 )

Abstract: Abstract: The Oriental species of the genus are studied. Loto ρ hila vietnamica vietnamica sp. nov. is described from Vietnam . L . bicolor Norrbom et Marshall and L. nepalens is Hayashi are recorded for the first time from Central Nepal and Thailand ， respectively. respectively.

Key words: Lotophila ，Sphaeroceridae ，Diptera ， the Oriental Region ， Lotophila viet- namica sp. nov .，new records

The genus Lotq ρ hila Lioy has been studied by several authors (Hayashi ，1985 ， 1991; Norrbom and Kim ， 1984; Norrbom and Marshall ， 1988; Papp ，1988 ). The genus is easily distinguishable distinguishable from the other genera of the by the lack of spine-like spine-like ventral setae on the hind femur and ventroapical spur on the hind tibia . Up to the present ，Loto. ρ hila comprises 6 species: L. αtr α(M， eigen ，1830) (Holarctic ， Pakistan); Pakistan); L. bicolor Norrbom et Marshall ，1988 (Nepa l); L. confusa Norrbom et Marshall ， 1988 (China ，U. S.A. ，Mexico); L. ne ρα lensis Hayashi ，1991 (Nepa l); L. norrbomi (Papp ， 1988) (India ， Nepal); and L. pαllid αHayashi ，1985 (J apan). In the course of the study on the Oriental Oriental l esser dung fties ，1 found the 7th species of the genus Loto ρ hila and describe it together together with the new distributional records of L. bicolor and L. ne ρalensis ，which are a littl e known species and only a few specimens are known from East Nepal up to the presen t. The specimens examined in this study are all preserved in the Reference Museum ， Department of Medical Entomology ，National Institute of Infectious Diseas es ，Tokyo.

Key to species of the genus Lotophil α

1. 1. Scutellum with 4-5 marginal setae ・・・・・・… ...... 一一・・・・・・2 - Scutellum with 2 pairs of setae ...... 3 2. 2. Bare shiny area of frons separated into 3 parts ・・・・・・… ・一 ...一..L. confus αNorrbom et Marshall - Bare shiny area of frons not distinctly separated ・・・・・・… ...... L. atra (Meigen) 3. 3. Hind femur mostly dark brown ...... L. norrbomi ( Papp) Hind femur mostly yellowish ， only apica l 1/4-1/5 dark brown...... ・・・・・・ー・・・・・・一一・ .4 4. 4. Anepisternum mostly bare; very strong 3 dc present ...... L. bicolor Norrbom et Marsha ll Anepisternum entirely microtrichose (Fig . 1); 3 dc ve ry weak ...... 5 5. 5. Postgena broadly ye ll owish ...... 一・・・・・・ー・...... L. vietnamica Hayashi sp .no v. - Postgena entire ly dark brown ...... ・・・・・・ー ...... 6 6 . Inter-frontal setae very weak or vestig ial ;sustylus longer and slenderer (Hayashi ， 1991; Fig. 5); apica l part of paramere strongly curved (Hayashi ，1991 ; Fig. 6) ...... L. ne. ρ alensis Ha y ashi Inter -frontal setae distinct; sursty lu s sho rt er and broader (Hayashi ，1 99 1 ;Fig. 8); apical pa rt of paramere alm ost stra i ght and parallel-sided ，and on ly apex curved (Hayashi ，1 99 1; Fig . 9) 368 Med. Entomo l. Zo01

...L. ...L. tallida Hayashi

Lotophila Lotophila bicolor Norrbom et Marshall ，1988

Lotophila Lotophila bicolor Norrbom et Marshall ， 1988: 28.

Sρ ecimens ex α mined. NEP A L: 4♂， 2 ♀， M t. Phulchoki (nr. Kathmandu) ，Oc t. 26 ，1992 ， T. T. Hayashi; 1♂， 2 ♀， ditto ，Nov. 1，1992 ， T. Hayashi. Distribution. Distribution. Nepa l. Rem αrks. This species was formerly known only from East Nepa l. New for Central Nepal (Kathmandu district). All All individuals examined here were collected on human feces in the fores t.

Lotophil αnep α lensis Hayashi ，1991

Lotophil αρα llid αnep αlensis Hayashi ，199 1: 1l. Loto ρ hila ne ρalensis -Roha とek and Norrbom ， 2001: 2 l.

Sρ ecimens ex α mined. THAILAND: 1♂， Doi Inthanon ，1 ，700 m ，Oc t. 23 ，2001 ， T. Hayashi; 1 ♀， ditto ，1 ，900 m ，Oc t. 28 ，2001 ， T. Hayashi. Distribution. Distribution. Nepal and Thailand (new record). Rem αrks. 1 originally described this species as a subspecies of L. ρα llid αHayashi because Nepalese specimens are very similar to Japanese ones externally and their genital genital structures have only few di 百erences though distinc t. Recently ，Roha とek and Norrbom elevated it to species rank (Roh 記 ek et al. ，200 1). The male specimen newly examined here has almost the same genital structures as those of the Nepalese one ，and is is distinguishable from Japanese L. ρallid αby very weak or vestigial inter-frontal setae and the shape of surstylus and paramere. These results support the opinion of Rohacek and Norrbom in Roh 従 ek et al. (2001). This species was formerly known only from East Nepa l. New for Thailand. All All individuals examined here were collected on human feces in the fores t.

Lotophil αvietn αmic αHayashi sp. nov. (Figs. (Figs. 1-5)

Description. Description. Body length 3.4 -3.8 mm . Head: Head: Somewhat higher than long; frons broadly yellowish brown to reddish brown ，entirely microtrichose; microtrichose; orbits ，ocellar triangle and occiput dark brown; gena yellow to reddish-brown ， posterior posterior half shining; postgena broadly yellow to reddish-brown; face reddish-brown ，entirely microtrichose; microtrichose; 1 vti ，1 vt e，1 vi ，1 OC ，1 posterior ors present ，anterior ors absent ，g weak; the longest eye eye diameter about 3.3 times as long as genal width ; antenna reddish-brown ， 3rd segment dark brown; brown; arista long ， about 4.2 times as long as 3rd segment ， moderately long pubescen t. Thorax: Thorax: Dark brown; mesonotum with 2 faint dark longitudinal stripes; very weak 3 dc ， only slightly slightly stronger than other dc and αc hairs; 2 ac rows between dc setae; anepisternum ，anepimeron and meron entirely microtrichose (Fig. 1) ，katepistermum only upper part microtrichose and other part part shining (Fig . 1); scutellum with 2 SC ， basal sc about 1/2 as long as apical sc Wing: Wing: Light brown; veins brown ， not clouded on cross-vein; halter pale yellow with brown knob. knob. Legs : Mostly yellowish-brown ，apicall /4 of hind femur and hind metatarsus black; no distinct setae setae and spines except for small a seta on apical 1/3 of mid tibia ; fore and hind femora not Vo l. 54 NO.4 2003 369

5

0.1 0.1 mm

0.5 mm 4

0.2 0.2 mm

2 0.2 0.2 mm 3 Figs. Figs. 1-5. vietnamic Lotophila αsp. nov. 1. thorax ，lateral view; 2. male t巴rmimalia ，lateral view; 3. ditto ， caudal caudal view; 4. inner genitalia (paramere omitted); 5. paramere. 370 370 M ed. Entomo l. Zoo l. thickened thickened in male. Abdomen: Black with brown membrane Male: Male: Sternite 2-4 weakly sclerotized ，sternite 2-3 narrow ; sternite 5 strongly sclerotized ， trapezoidal ， hind corner sharply prolonged; epandrium (Figs . 2 and 3) norm al， not expanded posterodorsally; posterodorsally; surstylus (Figs. 2 and 3) elongate ，spatulate in posterolateral view ，distinctly wider apically apically than basally; aedeagus as in Fig . 4， dorsally projecting sclerite moderately broad ，with large large apical and subapical teeth; paramere as in Fig . 5

Holotype. ♂， Tam Dao ，930-1 ，230 m ，Vinh Phu Prov. ，Vie tnam ，Oc t. 8-10 ，1999 ， T. Hayashi. Paratypes . 1♂ ，Tam Dao ，930 - 1，230 m ，Vinh Phu Pro v. ，Vietnam ，Nov. 21 -27 ，1995 ， H. Kurahashi; 8 ♂ ，3 ♀， same data as holotype. Type series are all preserved in Reference Museum ，Department of Medical En tomol- ogy ，National Institute of Infectious Diseases ，Tokyo. Distribution. Distribution. Vietnam. Remarks . This species is related to L. neρ.al e nsis and L. ρα llid α(viz. bod y color ，very weak dc setae ，microtrichos e pattern of katepisternum and episternum ，and the shape of surstylus) ，but it is eas il y distinguishabl e from them by broadl y ye llowish po stge na and halter halter coloration. In male genitalia ，surstylus of this species is distinctly wider apically in in contrast with almost parallel-sided surstyli in L. nepalensis and L. pallida ，and the shape of paramere is characteristic. Most individuals were coll ec ted on human feces in bamboo fores t.

A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1 express my sincere thanks to Prof. M . Iwasa of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary 孔1edicine ，and Dr. S. Shinonaga of Tokyo Medical and Dental University for for giving me opportunities to survey the sphaerocerid faunas of Thailand and Vietnam ， and N e pal respectively. Th anks are also due to D r. H. Kur ahash i of National Institute of Inf ec tious Dis eases for providing me with materia l. This study was partl ys upp orte db y a grant -in- a id for Monbu sho International Scientifi c R esea rch Program (Field R esea rch) to to Tok yo Medical and D e ntal University in 1992 (Grant N o. 04041043) and to Na tion al Science Museum in 1995 (Grant No. 09041167 ).

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