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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida September 1992 A revision of the New World species of Norrbomia (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae), including all American species previously placed in Borborillus Stephen A. Marshall Ontario, Canada Allen L. Norrbom Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Marshall, Stephen A. and Norrbom, Allen L., "A revision of the New World species of Norrbomia (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae), including all American species previously placed in Borborillus" (1992). Insecta Mundi. 442. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/442 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Vol. 6, No. 3-4, September - December, 1992 151 A revision of the New World species of Norrbomia (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae), including all American species previously placed in Borborillus Stephen A. Marshall Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1 and Allen L. Norrbom Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, c/o National Museum of Natural History, NHB 168, Washington, D.C. 20560 Abstract The New World species formerly placed in Borborillus Duda (Sphaeroceridae: Copromyzinae) are trans- femdtoNorrbomiaPapp. These are: N. lacteipennis(Malloch),n. comb., N. fimipennis(Stenhammar),n. comb., N. frigipnnis (Spuler), n. comb., N. scripta (Malloch), n. comb., and N. somlida (Zetteretedt). Norrbomia filvipnnis, N. singuata, N. mexicana, N. triglabm, and N. yukonensis are described as new. Borborua art& Malloch is synonymized with N. fumipennis,and Borborus singularis Spuler is synonymized with N. scripta. All tan New World species of Norrbomia are keyed, illustrated and described. Their relationships are discussed and a cladogram is provided. Species in two of the defined clades are kleptoparasitic on dung rolling scarab beetles. Introduction Materials and methods Most Holarctic species of Sphaeroceridae with a Morphological terminology follows that of closed basal cubital cell, an apicoventral spur on the McAlpine (1981). As in most CopmmYzime; the hind tibia, a singlerow of postocular bristles, and only pattern of microtrichia on the from, gena, and tho- four scutellarbristles until now have been includedin racicpleuronvariesconsiderably amongthe species of the genus Borborillus Duda. Papp (1988) recently Norrbomia, andis useful to distinguishthem (Figs. 4 discovered that the type species of Borborilh, the 25). This character is more cliffcultto use inNorrbomiu European species B. uncinatus (Duds), as well as B. than in most other copromyzine genera, however, vitripennis (Meigen), are not closely related to most becauseinsome species(e.g. N. lacteipennk(Mallach), other Holmtic species placed in Borborillus, but are Figs. 1-2)the cuticle is more striated or rugose than instead related to a primarily Ahtropical group that normal, and the bare areas are therefore not as shiny includes Metaborborus Vanschuytbmeck, Gymno- and do not contrast as well with the microtrichose (or mdopinaHedicke,DudaiaHedicke, andAfroborborus pruinwe) areas. In some species, the exact size and Curran. The name Borborillus therefore cannot be shape of the bare areas are difficult to see with the used forthe North American speciespreviouslyplaced light mic,msmpe and were confirmed only by using in that genus. These species, in addition to most of the scanning electron microscopy. Old World species previously in Borborilh, should When discussing the genal bare area we are now be treated within the genus Norrbomia Papp, referring mainly to the anterior part that extends proposed for N. indica Papp and a number of along the ventral margin of the eye. Them is always Afrotropical species revised by Papp (1988). a vertical bare area along the posterior edge of the gem from the ventral margin to behind the eye. The extreme ventral margin also usually has a separate Filtures 1-2. Norrbomin lacteipmiu. 1, high magdlcation of ooellar region; 2, border of miautrichose and bere arean on anepinternum(showe rugoae area of cuticle andwhy bordemofmimMCh(~10am- are di53cult to see in mmespecies). very nenvw bare area. The auterior part of the bere Genus Norrbomia Papp area on the from lateral to the ocelli, if p-nt, is often djflicult to sea becam of cuticular stsiations Nombomia Papp 1988:394. Typa @, N. indica (Fig. 1). This bam area therefore often appears to be Papp, by original designation. dlerthan it really is. We refer to the slender (inpart)Copmym(Borborillw):~1966720, scleddbad part of the qamathecathatextends 1967:2 tothe slightly expanded, membranous mthecal (in part) Barborillus authola. duct aa the spermathecal neck. The wermathecae also have cylindrical basal or apical apodemes. Generic diagnosis. Relatively small Copinanyzinae In the Material examined dons, spechem (m2-4 mm Long). Herd Face deeply mncave, often listedwithoutmuseuma~~mymearedepositedinthe with pale, rnembranoun medial strip. Postocular University of Guelph collection. Acronyms for other bristles in uingle row. Tho= Scutellum short, with inatitutiom are as follows: American Museum of 4 marginal brides dy.Fore first of male Natural Hiatory (AMNH); BMNH - Natural Hietory with stout,dark,curved, apiooventral spur. Midtibia Museum, London (formerly British Museum vatu- with antemventral bristle below middle and ring of ral History)); CAS - California Academy of Sciences; preapical and apical bridea. Hind tibia with curved, CNC - Canadian National Collection; FMMI - Field ventrally directed, apiwvenbal epur, thin papical Muaeum of Natural History; FSCA - Florida State dorsalbristle and anternventral%debelow middle. CoUectionofArthropods; GUE- University of Guelph; Male abdomen. Hypandrium with long apodeme and INHS - Illinois Natural History Survey; MCZ - Mu- well developed arms; synstemite 6+7 without medid seum of Comparative Zoology, Hmard University pderior lobe; postphallic aclerite (sclerite between (MCZ);NRS-Na ialAk+&ka%useet, StdshoIm; mbepandrial sclerite ('atemite 10") and badphallus) OhSU- Ohio State University; UKaL- Snow Entome absent; baaiphallus with well developed epiphallus; logical Museum, Univemity of Kansas; USNM - Na- epandrium with lateral clefts; cercus long, distally tional Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian In- modifiedandconnededtoepandrium;edyluswith stitution; WSU - Washington State University; ZE- flattened inner lobe. Female abdomen.2 spermathe- Zoological Institute, Lund; ZMHU - Zoologisches cae, each withslenksclerotizedneckat least aslong Museum an der HumbolbUnivelaitiit. Because of the as main part of spermatheca (except in N. hispanim largenumberof apcimensexaminedof N.f?igipennis (Duda)) and with large bador apical apodeme. and N. sordida,we havenot listed complete collection &+a for these species. Vol. 6, No. 3-4, September - December, 1992 153 Table 1. List of charactens and states used in phylogenetic analysis of Norrbomia. State 0 is hypothesized as plesiomorphic. 1. Baaiphallm - 0) slender, length uaually mare than 3.5xwidth (in 17. Hypoproct - 0) anterior margin not shngly concave, without lateral view); 1) short and stout, length usually less than 3.0. separate sclerite; 1) anterior margin strongly concave, with (++I separate bifid sclerite. (+++) 2. Malecereus- 0) simple and small; l)modified, usually large. (+++) 18. Epandrium setation - 0) dared and lateral setae similar; 1) 3. Spermatheca neck - 0) absent or shorter than main part of dorsal setae less than half as long as most lateral setae. (++) spermatheca; 1) as long as main part of spermatheax (++) 19. Base of male cem and Wring part of epandrium - 0) 4. Sdylua - 0) without bladelike mesal lobe; 1) with bladelike without cl~~terofbristles;1)withclusterofnum~Metles. mesal lobe. (+++) (++I 5. Distiphallus - 0) without basal sclerite; 1) with basal sclerite. 20. Tarai color - 0) similar to tibiae; 1) paler than tibiae. (+) (+++> 21. Female e.tmnite 4 - 0) en*, 1) bipartite; 2) tripartite; 3) 6. Distiphallua basal eclerite - 0) divided; 1) undivided. (+++) quadripartite or secondarily bipartite. States 1,2and 3 are 7. Spermatheca basal apodeme - 0) small or absent; 1) large. (+++) hypothesized as independently derived from state 0. (++) 8. Fro118mimtrichial patterm - 0)with bare spota bordering ocelli; 22. Female tergites 6 and 7 - 0) entire to moderately trilobed 1) entkly microtrichose; 2) entkly bare. States 0 and 2 are posteriorly (incisions extended less than y3 distanoe to ante- assumed to be independently derived from state 0. (+) rior 1) very deeply lobate posteriorly (iicidons 9. Hind tibia - 0) with stout antemapical bristle; 1) without stout extended mare than '&3 distance to anterior margin). (++) antemapical bristle. (+) 23. Female tergite 8 - 0) not bipartite, 1) bipartite. (+) 10. Epipmct setation - 0) more than 1pair; 1) 1pair. (+) 24. Epipmct - 0) not elongate, not bilobed anteriorly; 1) elongate, 11. Distiphallus basal sclerite - 0) lateral parts not sheathlike; 1) bilobed anteriorly. (+) lateral parts sheathlike. (+++) 25. Hypopmct - 0) anterior edge not bilobed, antammedial part not 12. Spermatheca shape - 0) spheroid; 1) teardrop shaped (+++) concave; 13.
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    The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation

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  • Volume 2, Chapter 12-17: Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola

    Volume 2, Chapter 12-17: Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola

    Glime, J. M. 2017. Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola – Diptera Overview. Chapt. 12-17. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. 12-17-1 Volume 2. Bryological Interaction. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 19 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 12-17 TERRESTRIAL INSECTS: HOLOMETABOLA – DIPTERA BIOLOGY AND HABITATS TABLE OF CONTENTS Diptera Overview ........................................................................................................................................... 12-17-2 Role of Bryophytes ................................................................................................................................. 12-17-3 Collection and Extraction Methods ......................................................................................................... 12-17-6 Fly Dispersal of Spores ........................................................................................................................... 12-17-8 Habitats ........................................................................................................................................................ 12-17-13 Wetlands ............................................................................................................................................... 12-17-13 Forests ..................................................................................................................................................