Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple

Home , Bulguksa, Changdeokgung, Gyeongju Historic Areas, Haeinsa, Hwaseong Fortress, Jeogori

Vol. 8 No. 4 8 No. Vol. Vol. 8 No. 4 8 No. Vol. Vol. 8 No. 4 8 No. Vol.

| | |

WINTER 2015 WINTER 2015 WINTER 2015 겨울 겨울 겨울

K O R E A N HERITAGE K O R E A N HERITAGE K O R E A N HERITAGE

겨울 겨울 WINTER 2015 Vol. 8 No. 4 1997 Changdeokgung Palace Complex Hwaseong Fortress 2000 Gyeongju Areas Historic Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites 2010 of Historic Villages Korea : Hahoe and Yangdong 2014 Namhansanseong 2015 Baekje Areas Historic 1997 Changdeokgung Palace Complex Hwaseong Fortress 2000 Gyeongju Areas Historic Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites 2010 of Historic Villages Korea : Hahoe and Yangdong 2014 Namhansanseong 2015 Baekje Areas Historic 1997 Changdeokgung Palace Complex Hwaseong Fortress 2000 Gyeongju Areas Historic Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites 2010 of Historic Villages Korea : Hahoe and Yangdong 2014 Namhansanseong 2015 Baekje Areas Historic 2007 2009 1995 2007 2009 1995 2007 2009 1995 Janggyeong Panjeon, the Woodblocks Janggyeong Panjeon, the Woodblocks Janggyeong Jeju Volcanic Panjeon, the Woodblocks Jeju Volcanic Jeju Volcanic Royal Tombs of Royal Tombs Haeinsa Temple Depositories for Jongmyo Shrine Royal Tombs of Royal Tombs Haeinsa Temple Depositories for Jongmyo Shrine Royal Tombs of Royal Tombs Haeinsa Temple Depositories for Jongmyo Shrine Bulguksa Temple Bulguksa Temple Bulguksa Temple the Joseon Dynasty the Joseon Dynasty the Joseon Dynasty Tripitaka Koreana the Tripitaka Island and Lava Tubes Island and Lava Tripitaka Koreana the Tripitaka Seokguram Grotto and Island and Lava Tubes Island and Lava Tripitaka Koreana the Tripitaka Seokguram Grotto and Island and Lava Tubes Island and Lava Seokguram Grotto and ISSN 2005-0151ISSN 2005-0151 ISSN 2005-0151ISSN 2005-0151 ISSN 2005-0151ISSN 2005-0151 ISSN 2005-0151ISSN 2005-0151 ISSN 2005-0151ISSN 2005-0151 ISSN 2005-0151ISSN 2005-0151 KOREAN HERITAGE Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration

KOREAN HERITAGE

겨울 WINTER 2015

On the Cover

The year 2015 marks the 20th anniversary of the initial inscription of Korean heritage onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. Since the first three heritage sites—Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple, Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana, and Jongmyo Shrine—were entered on the list in 1995, eight more sites and monuments have earned global heritage status: in 1997 Changdeok- gung Palace Complex and Hwaseong Fortress; in 2000 Gyeongju Historic Areas, and Gochang, Ganghwa, and Hwasun Dolmen Sites; in 2007 Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes; in 2009 Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty; in 2010 Historic Villages of Korea (Hahoe and Yangdong); in 2014 Namhansanseong; and in 2015 Baekje Historic Areas. All in all, there are 12 World Heritage Sites—one natural and 11 cultural— in Korea today.

KOREAN HERITAGE is also available on the website (http://English.cha.go.kr) and smart devices. 02 | 03

CONTENTS

Congratulatory Remarks 04

Achievements and Challenges of the 20th Anniversary 06 of World Heritage Inscription

Korean Heritage in Focus 10 Comments from World Heritage Managers 10

Korean Heritage for the World

Examples of World Heritage Conservation and Promotion 24 Exploration of Korean Heritage 24 30 Saekdong: Colorful Stripes Epitomizing Ancient Wisdom 30

A Fresh Look at the Jeogori 33

Intriguing Structure of Songso Historic House 38

Cultural Heritage Administration Headlines

CHA News 44 33 38

CHA Events 46

44 45 04 | 05

Congratulatory Remarks

This year marks the 20th anniversary of the first inscription of Korean The Cultural Heritage Administration will continue to strive for the heritage on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As the head of the agency conservation of the values of Korean culture and heritage, including responsible for heritage conservation in Korea, I would like to express my those recognized by UNESCO, and disseminate them further out into the sincere gratitude to all those who have devoted themselves to the inscription wider world. It will also make efforts to contribute to crucial international of the country’s cultural monuments and relics on this list and to the conservation efforts. protection of Korean heritage in general. Special thanks have also been well earned by the international heritage organizations and institutions standing at the forefront of conservation Sincerely, efforts at the global level, including the World Heritage Centre, International Council on Monuments and Sites, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and International Centre on the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property. Rha Sun-hwa Since Korea’s first three heritage sites—Seokguram Grotto and Bulgulsa Administrator Temple, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks, and Cultural Heritage Administration Jongmyo Shrine—entered the global heritage list in 1995, the number of World Heritage Sites in the country has expanded to 12, including the inscription of the Baekje Historic Sites this very year. All of these World Heritage Sites, as well as the countless other heritage sites and monuments around Korea, are an abundant repository of history at both the material and spiritual levels, and hence a fundamental source of national identity and pride. 06 | 07

Achievements and Challenges of the 20th Anniversary of World Heritage Inscription Following the adoption of the Convention in 1972, the World Heritage Committee was formed in 1976 and produced the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. While the Lee Sang-hae Chair of the World Heritage Advisory Committee of the Cultural Heritage Administration World Heritage inscriptions conducted annually since 1978 are also regulated by these Operational Guidelines, they are continuously revised and complemented at the yearly World Heritage Committee meeting. The 2005 revision of the Operational Guidelines in particular introduced stricter The term World Heritage refers to cultural, natural, and mixed (both regulations, rendering obtaining World Heritage status even more difficult cultural and natural) heritage registered on the World Heritage List by the than before. World Heritage Committee in recognition of outstanding universal value Only states that have ratified the Convention may nominate cultural transcending space and time that should be collectively managed and and natural heritage within their territories for inscription on the World protected by humanity. Supported by a dedicated staff within the UNESCO Heritage List. Korea joined the Convention in 1988 and was awarded its Secretariat, the World Heritage List is a separate program from other first inscription in 1995. As of August 2015, Korea is home to 12 World UNESCO listing systems, such as those for intangible heritage elements and Heritage Sites—one natural and 11 cultural. Among these 12 sites, eight are documentary heritage. serial nominations comprised of a complex of heritage sites and monuments, The operation of the World Heritage List program is based on the and four are single-site nominations. Using strengthening of inscription Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural standards in 2005 as a dividing point, seven sites were inscribed in the phase Heritage, adopted in 1972 at the 17th session of the UNESCO General before that year, and five in the second phase afterwards. Conference. The World Heritage Convention has played a critical role in A heritage site should remain on the Tentative List for at least one year encouraging systematic international endeavors toward the preservation of before beginning the nomination process. As of 2015, there are 11 cultural cultural and natural heritage. Among the heritage conservation initiatives and four natural sites registered on Korea’s Tentative List. Given this, sites undertaken within the framework of the Convention, the World Heritage List incorporating natural factors including cultural landscapes appear to have a program is the most celebrated and popular heritage conservation tool. greater chance to be selected as a candidate for nomination in the future. 08 | 09

In Korea, World Heritage nominations have been conducted to ensure Standing at the 20th anniversary of Korea’s first World Heritage that the scope of the heritage concerned goes beyond the cultural legacies of inscriptions, we must take advantage of both the enhanced public awareness the elite class to encompass cultural and historical relics representing diverse of World Heritage in the country and the latest conservation advancements walks of life. In addition, serial nominations combining multiple heritage sites in the international arena in order to inspire a new policy framework tailored spanning diverse areas rather than single-site nominations have become more to each of the World Heritage Sites. We could experiment with novel commonplace. The trend toward serial nominations is a global phenomenon conservation initiatives ranging from community-participatory conservation as well. The conservation and management of such serial properties, however, to the designation of heritage conservation areas beyond the current poses challenges under the existing legal and administrative frameworks, 500-meter limitation, more detailed standards for alterations to the existing therefore systematic countermeasures are required. form, systematic heritage use and interpretation, and preventive monitoring By number of World Heritage inscriptions, Korea ranks 21st worldwide. systems. This is not insignificant for a country the size of Korea, but there are many Within the framework of the World Heritage Convention, diverse other heritage sites in the country that are worthy of recognition as World conservation examples and policies are being discussed based on input Heritage given our longstanding history and cultural traditions. The inscription from the 163 countries that host heritage inscribed on the World Heritage of Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes sparked an exponentially increasing List. There are a great deal of lessons to be learned from these discussions, interest in the World Heritage List program in Korea. Since then, government but few policy efforts, or even deliberation, reflecting these international support and public assistance have become more overt, promotional activities discussions are being made inside Korea. I hope that regular and systematic for the World Heritage Sites have been more actively carried out and public endeavors will soon be made to introduce new international conservation awareness of World Heritage has been enhanced. policies and programs. However, current attention is mostly being focused on the process preceding inscription, including preparation of a nomination dossier and repair and conservation. Although conservation and post-inscription management are still emphasized, efforts mainly go to quantitative—rather than qualitative— aspects of management and conservation. While organizations, staff, and budget are all enlarged and enhanced following inscription, few efforts are being made to experiment with novel expert policies for World Heritage Sites. Therefore, despite increases in human and financial resources, Korean World Heritage Sites are being operated under similar conservation frameworks as other heritage sites and monuments in the country. Korean Heritage In Focus 10 | 11

Comments from World Heritage Managers

In celebration of the 20th anniversary of the first Korean World Heritage inscriptions in 1995, Korean Heritage is featuring comments from site managers at Korea’s 12 World Heritage Sites, the individuals who stand every day at the forefront of World Heritage conservation and management in the country.

How is your World Heritage Site managed and conserved? What do you think changed after the inscription? Do you have anything you would like to say to Q. visitors?

Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple (1995) Lee Chae-kyung, Cultural Heritage Division, Gyeongju City

The conservation and management of Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa The Buddha statue enshrined at Seokguram Grotto A. Temple are based on relevant provisions in the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. Although there is no separate legal framework for the conservation of this site as World Heritage, with the growing interest in Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple as World Heritage by people at home and abroad, repair and maintenance works are being given priority when allocating budgets. While little may have changed in practical terms, a marker stone at the entrance now proclaims the title of World Heritage, and the grotto and the temple are now promoted as a World Heritage Site. Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple are world-recognized Korean heritage, and visitors are asked to fully appreciate and cherish their cultural value and recognize the importance of their conservation.

Bulguksa Temple in winter Korean Heritage In Focus 12 | 13

A bird’s eye view of the Tripitaka storage halls at Haeinsa Temple Jeongjeon Hall at Jongmyo, erected on a two-tiered stone platform Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, Jongmyo Shrine (I995) Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Cheong Jae-min, World Heritage Manager at the Jongmyo Management Office Woodblocks (I995) Jongmyo is a royal ancestral shrine that houses the spirit tablets of the Je Jong-hwan, Culture and Sports Division, Hapcheon County kings and queens of the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910). After structures in A. Jongmyo were recognized as World Heritage in 1995, including Jeongjeon The Tripitaka storage at Haeinsa Temple was constructed around the 15th Hall and Yeongnyeongjeon Hall, its intangible aspects—the ancestral ceremonies century in the form of four traditional wooden halls—Sudarajang (Storage held at Jongmyo and ritualistic music accompanying them—were proclaimed as A. of Sutra), Beopbojeon (Hall of Dharma Jewel), and east and west annex Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (UNESCO’s precursor to storage buildings—providing the needed space for preserving the roughly 80,000 the current Representative List) in 2001. woodblocks carved with the Tripitaka. Intended to minimize decay and foster a At Jongmyo, a staff of about 60 is dedicated to conservation and management. proper maintenance condition for the woodblocks, the Tripitaka halls make maximum The old wooden architecture and the landscaping benefit from regular monitoring and use of the surrounding environment through their architectural design in order to expert inspection. A comprehensive security system including CCTV monitoring, and automatically control airflow and sunlight and ensure ideal ventilation, temperature, fire extinguishers and water sprinklers are in place to ensure safety and prevent fire. In and humidity control. As a storage space for these invaluable woodblocks, the addition, public access to Jongmyo is operated through time-based tours accompanied Tripitaka depository halls are celebrated as landmark in conservation science. The by heritage interpreters in an effort to preserve the dignity and sacred nature of the natural surroundings of the halls that encompass Mt. Gayasan and Haeinsa Temple area. have been nationally designated as a Scenic Site, allowing maintenance conditions to After its inscription, public interest in Jongmyo and national pride in Korean be only minimally affected by outside influences. heritage has been enhanced, which has resulted in a notable increase in the number With the inscription of the depository halls on the World Heritage List in of visitors. The grand royal ancestral ceremony at Jongmyo held on the first Sunday 1995 and the inclusion of the Tripitaka woodblocks on the Memory of the World of every May, which was resumed in 1969, draws an annual average of about 30,000 International Register in 2007, an increasing number of visitors are being drawn to the visitors from both home and abroad, offering a rare opportunity to experience both place. Among them are tourists from abroad, for whom a diverse range of preparations the tangible and intangible aspects of Jongmyo, each of which has been separately have been made, including promotional books and an opportunity to experience the recognized by UNESCO and entered on global heritage lists. practices of Korean Seon (or Zen) Buddhism and to attempt woodblock printing of It has been 20 years since Jongmyo was inscribed on the World Heritage List. the Tripitaka. While the full staff at Jongmyo is sparing no effort in preserving the authenticity I would like to emphasize that both the depository halls and the Tripitaka of the site, I would like to encourage more people to take time to visit this World woodblocks should be passed down to our offspring in exactly the condition in Heritage Site. which we inherited them, and they could never be recovered once lost. For this reason, access to the space is partly limited, and I hope that visitors can respect and understand this restriction. Korean Heritage In Focus 14 | 15

Injeongjeon Hall and other buildings at Changdeokgung Palace The northeastern sentry tower, or Banghwasuryujeong, at Hwaseong Fortress, also depicted in The Royal Protocol on the Construction of Hwaseong Fortress Changdeokgung Palace Complex (1997) Hwaseong Fortress (1997) Bae Jung-kwen, Director of the Changdeokgung Palace Management Office On Seon-hwa, Curator at the Hwaseong Management Office

At Changdeokgung, about 110 people are currently at work on heritage The inscription of Hwaseong Fortress highlighted the need for developing management and visitation. Based on historical documents and surveys, more cultural programs and restoration projects, which resulted in the A. repairs to damaged or worn-out elements of the architectural structures A. establishment of the Hwaseong Management Office in 2003. The creation are being carried out by nationally-recognized craftsmen using traditional materials of such an office improved the day-to-day management of this World Heritage and techniques. In addition, regular efforts are being poured into improving the fortress, contributing to enhancing the cultural status of Hwaseong and strengthening nurturing of indigenous flora and preserving the ecological surroundings. While the image of the city of Suwon as a cultural and historic center. Changdeokgung is celebrated as a quintessentially Korean palace achieving a striking To make ideal use of the World Heritage status of Hwaseong, a wide range harmony between architecture and nature, endeavors are being made to preserve the of visitor programs is currently in operation. The Suwon Hwaseong Museum was natural environment by limiting the number of visitors and designating visitation slots established to offer a chance to gain an overview of the fortress before starting a tour, for the rear garden of the palace. and diverse education programs are currently in place. These promotional efforts The greatest difference since inscription has been an enhanced awareness of the also generate massive economic ripple effects, both direct and indirect. In addition, global significance of the palace by visitors from both home and abroad, who serve as training and education programs for Suwon residents are being conducted in order to voluntary protectors and inspectors for the conservation of Changdeokgung as World disseminate the significance of Hwaseong and its conservation, as well as seek ways Heritage. Furthermore, anti-disaster and anti-fire measures have been enhanced since to form partnerships with the community for the conservation of Hwaseong. the inscription by installing an extensive security system including fire-detection The ideal method of preserving Hwaseong Fortress is for every individual to come devices, CCTV, and intrusion-sensing technology. to recognize its significance and exert her/himself for its preservation. Having said Changdeokgung served as a space housing the sovereign authority of the Joseon that, I would like to encourage more people to visit Hwaseong and simultaneously Dynasty for about 500 years after its construction in 1405; I would like to ask more experience both its defensive walls and the living traces of Hwaseong residents that people to visit and enjoy this opportunity to transcend time and experience buildings remain in every corner of the fortress. and garden used by Joseon kings. Korean Heritage In Focus 16 | 17

Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond in snow at the Gyeongju Historic Areas The Dolmen Park in Hwasun Gyeongju Historic Areas (2000) Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites (2000) Lee Chae-kyung, Cultural Heritage Division, Gyeongju City Sim Hong-sop, Culture and Tourism Division, Hwasun County

Gyeongju was long a popular heritage site widely beloved and visited A total of seven people are now dedicated to the management of the by the Korean public prior to its inscription as World Heritage. Since the Hwasun dolmen site. The land purchasing process, which is currently A. inscription in 2000, continuous efforts have been made toward repairs and A. underway, will greatly contribute to the systematic conservation of the site. restoration and an increasing number of people from home and abroad are visiting the Furthermore, a close cooperative partnership with a local dolmen research institute historic sites. has been established to improve comprehensive monitoring. The Gyeongju Historic Areas are a manifestation of the history and culture of the The inscription of the dolmens on the World Heritage List revolutionized the capital city of the ancient kingdom of Silla (57 B.C.–A.D 935). As an indispensable public perception of megalithic stones. Previously, there were occasions where cultural asset within the overall body of Korean heritage, the Gyeongju Historic Areas people found dolmens but simply covered them up without reporting them to relevant offer visitors a precious chance to see and experience a diverse range of cultural authorities. These days, however, they immediately contact us when stones of any elements of the Silla Kingdom. kind are uncovered and ask for confirmation if they might be dolmens. In Hwasun alone, dolmens are found across an extensive area of 660,000 pyeong (200,000 square meters). Since it is not easy for visitors to cover such a wide area on foot, they usually take car when visiting the dolmen sites. All the site management staff members are doing their best to provide a favorable and pleasant visitor environment through efforts such as planting turf. It is also recommended that visitors look around the site on foot to also enjoy the surrounding natural environment. Korean Heritage In Focus 18 | 19

Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty (2009) Park Young-rok, Curator at the Joseon Royal Tombs Management Office

Based on their tangible and intangible values, the tombs of A. the kings and queens of Joseon were entered onto the World Heritage List in 2009. These values are best conveyed in their superb preservation status despite the adverse influences of the advent of modernity, such as industrialization and urbanization, and also by the fact that the burial rituals for the tombs’ occupants have been carried out uninterrupted until the present day. Seongsan Ilchulbong Peak After the inscription, the Joseon Royal Tombs Management Office was founded Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes (2007) in 2012 to encourage more systematic Heo Jin-yee, W orld Heritage and Mt. Hallasan Research Institute, management and conservation; efforts were Jeju Special Self-Governing Province made to present the heritage site in an integral form by restoring the historical arrangement Inscribed in 2007, Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes are the first—and of the tombs and reinstating some of the to date the only—Natural World Heritage Site in Korea. The area covered formalities of the burial rituals. Endeavors A. by the inscribed property includes Mt. Hallasan, Seongsan Ilchulbong were undertaken for the protection of the Peak, and Geomunoreum Lava Tube System and accounts for about 10 percent of the ecological environment surrounding the tombs. entire island of Jeju. Following its inscription, continuous efforts have been exerted to In addition, a colorful array of experience implement the recommendations provided by UNESCO, including such measures as programs is being offered to the general public, purchasing private land at the core of the property, restricting agricultural activities, including specialized packages designed for conducting thorough monitoring, and expanding the boundaries of the property. To children and adolescents. From 2015, a special present a quality visitor experience that lives up to the status of a global heritage site, discounted entrance fee has been provided to tourism infrastructure has been set up and a varied range of international educational local residents. I would like to encourage more and promotional programs are being implemented. The World Heritage inscription members of the surrounding communities to has greatly enhanced the international brand image of Jeju Island, attracting an pay a visit to these nearby royal tombs. Geonwolleung, the royal tomb of King Taejo, the founder of the Joseon Dynasty exponentially increasing number of people to the areas included in the inscribed property and consequently generating great economic benefit. The Jeju Special Self- Governing Province has committed itself to the continual preservation and promotion of the World Heritage Site on Jeju so as to safely deliver its aesthetic beauty and natural value to future generations. Korean Heritage In Focus 20 | 21

A bird’s eye view of Hahoe Village A bird’s eye view of Yangdong Village Historic Villages of Korea:Hahoe and Yangdong (2010)

Hahoe Village Yangdon Village Ryu Han-chul, Executive Secretary of the Andong Hahoe Village Conservation Association Lee Chae-kyung, Cultural Heritage Division, Gyeongju City

The inscription of Hahoe Village on the World Heritage List in 2010 was The management and conservation of Yangdong Village in Gyeongju credited to the fact that the village is living heritage where people today remains subject to the provisions of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. A. continue to reside in harmony with the surrounding countryside. For this A. In addition, further endeavors have been made for the preservation and reason, the highest priority is placed on the village’s characteristics as a living heritage promotion of Yangdong Village as World Heritage, including the establishment of a area when carrying out its conservation and management. relic museum and the operation of experience programs. After the inscription, a wide range of programs featuring participation from village The 2010 inscription on the World Heritage List brought a violent surge of residents have been implemented so as to establish the place not as some kind of a tourists to a village that until then had been a sleepy and tranquil place, violating static monument, but as a vibrant space where people live and tradition becomes more residents’privacy and putting at risk its 500-year traditions. Troubled by the sudden than the past, it continues in the present and further into the future. One case in point influx of visitors, Yangdong Village introduced an admission fee as a conservation is the everyday-life reenactment program currently in operation that allows visitors to measure in 2013 after consultations with Gyeongju City. experience traditional daily activities following the examples of residents. Yangdong Village is not a static heritage; it is an evolving one that has been As such, the Andong Hahoe Village Conservation Association is making its utmost occupied from generation to generation for around 500 years. I would like to request efforts to sustain the value of the village as living heritage. In order to maintain the visitors to be respectful of local residents’everyday lives while at the same time culture and traditions of the area, the assistance of visitors is also critical; I would appreciating the chance to experience this living World Heritage Site. like to remind them that the village is indeed a place where people still reside and it is necessary for visitors to be unobtrusive and show respect for residents’everyday life. Korean Heritage In Focus 22 | 23

Namhansanseong (2014) Cho Doo-won, Senior Curator at the Namhansanseong World Heritage Centre

After the inscription of Namhansanseong on the World Heritage List, the Namhansanseong Culture and Tour Foundation was reorganized into A. the Namhansanseong World Heritage Center to allow more systematic conservation and management of the site. As part of efforts to strengthen the preservation of the authenticity and integrity of the fortress, a festival commemorating the inscription and an international academic workshop is being held on an annual basis. To accommodate the needs of international visitors, the numbers of whom have Gongsanseong Fortress at Gongju greatly risen since the inscription, heritage interpreters for foreign languages are being trained. In addition, educational and experience programs are being expanded Baekje Historic Areas (2015) and a visitors’center was established. Commemorative stone markers carved with Lee Hae-moon, Senior Curator at the Baekje Historic Areas Conservation and Management the World Heritage title were set up at three spots in the fortress. Furthermore, the Foundation Namhansanseong World Heritage Center is performing a legal review to explore the possibility of integrating relevant management entities in consultation with the The Baekje Historic Areas are a cultural manifestation from the late Gyeonggi provincial government and the Gyeonggi Cultural Foundation. period of the Baekje Kingdom (18 B.C.–A.D. 660), the point at which the I would like to encourage visitors to come and participate in the diverse A. kingdom’s cultural development reached its apex, and also an eloquent programs being carried out in and around the Haenggung Palace compound and testimony to the cultural interchanges through which the kingdom adopted advanced take advantage of the guided tour service. I would also like to recommend people culture and disseminated it to other countries such as Japan. Archaeological surveys pay a visit to Bongamseong Fortress and Hanbongseong Fortress, the outer walls of and excavations of the Baekje Historic Areas were initiated about 30 years ago in Namhansanseong, which feature Buddhist temples and temple sites. accordance with the Comprehensive Development Plan for the Baekje Cultural Areas. This systematic and scientific research initiative begun 30 years ago will continue over the next several decades. It is highly likely to expand the boundaries of the property as part of the process. The cultural relics discovered during this archaeological research have been registered on national heritage lists and are therefore subject to the provisions of relevant laws. The financial resources required for the conservation and management of these historic relics are being co-funded by the central and local governments. While the areas inscribed as World Heritage span the territories of several local governments and are therefore separately managed by them under the oversight of the Cultural Heritage Administration, the Baekje Historic Areas World Heritage Center will be launched in 2016 as an integrated conservation and management entity. All the areas are open to the public, except for the sites where excavation is actively underway, but from 2016 there will be a chance for visitors to observe these currently off-limits excavation sites. I would like to ask more people to visit the Baekje Historic Sites and witness the innovative city planning and architectural technologies that were applied by ancient Koreans. Sueojangdae (Defense Commander’s Post) at Namhansanseong Korean Heritage for the World 24 | 25

universal value of Namhansanseong. The academy Examples of World Heritage consisted of field visits with expert guides and an international symposium on comparative studies of Conservation and Promotion defensive heritage sites in Asia. 1343 refers to the number of years that Namhansanseong has stood. It demonstrates that the fortress was not simply erected during a Korea’s World Heritage Sites are open to the public and can be accessed particular time period, but gradually developed through a wide range of interpretation and experience programs. These over the centuries from the Unified Silla period programs are designed to help visitors go beyond simply viewing the heritage Participants in 1343: Encounter with the Fortress experience (668–935) through the Goryeo (918–1392) and Namhansanseong Fortress with all their senses. sites and gain a chance to more actively appreciate their values. Examples of Joseon (1392–1910) eras. In this sense, the program these public access programs can be seen in the efforts of two World Heritage provided a chance to understand the evolution of fortress construction of Korea and Sites, Namhansanseong Fortress and the dolmens in Hwasun. also the values of Namhansanseong as a World Heritage Site.

Enjoy Namhansanseong Inside Out Let’s Go, Namhansanseong! Text & Photos by Cho Doo-won, Senior Curator at the Namhansanseong World Heritage Centre Let’s Go, Namhansanseong! is a festival commemorating the one-year anniversary of the fortress’s inscription on the World Heritage List and also venue for renewing Picnic Programs at the Fortress the commitment to enhancing the value of the fortress as a historical and cultural focal From May to June and September to October 2015 special picnic programs were point. The multi-day festival in September of this year offered a three-part program operated at the south gate and first and second ongseong outworks of Namhansanseong. consisting of experiences, performances, and an exhibition. About 4,500 visitors The programs were notable for their collaboration with area elementary schools: participated in the festival, which was featured on the TV program Power Magazine by classes toured the fortress under the guidance of a heritage interpreter. Wandering Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation. around the fortress, participants learned about the concept of a fortress, the differences The experience programs that were held in the Haenggung Palace inside the in the sizes of the stones and construction techniques in each section, and other fortress as part of this event include Royal Family Fashion, where visitors could characteristics of Namhansanseong. try on royal attire and take photos; Haenggung Workshop, featuring the crafting of During this one-day program, elementary school students learned about simple items including a hair band; Haenggung Playground, where participants could Namhansanseong and finished their tour at the Namjangdae (Southern Command Post) sit and read or fill out a sheet of questions about the fortress; Draw a Bow, where site by coloring a military signal flag motif drawn on a cotton pouch after listening to participants learned about handling a bow and actually got to fire an arrow; and a brief explanation of military flags by the heritage Munmugwabangmok, where international visitors took a mock examination based on interpreter. By experiencing the program, the the tests given to aspiring Joseon scholars. participants developed a greater awareness of the Performances at the Let’s Go Namhansanseong festival include the Saturday event significance of Namhansanseong both as World Akgongcheong Music Concert, the Namhansanseong military band Namhansanseong Heritage and for its history and culture. Chwigosu Music Band Parade, the musical storytelling event Namhansanseong in Pictures and History, and the historical drama The Day. The commemorative festival 1343: Encounter with the Fortress also featured a special exhibition titled Fortresses of the World displaying 50 photos of fortresses to allow visitors to compare views of Namhansanseong with other fortresses 1343: Encounter with the Fortress is a five- including Hwaseong Fortress and those in other countries. week academy that was held in October this year

Elementary school students in the fortress’picnic program to enhance the understanding of the outstanding Korean Heritage for the World 26 | 27

Munmugwabangmok moments of Korean history in a straightforward way, leaving a strong impression on the audience. Munmugwabangmok is a program that offered international visitors to the These talks were accompanied by traditional Korean music. The vibrant and fortress a chance to take the Joseon government officials’candidate examination, graceful melodies of the songs contributed to the resonating deliverance of the stories. called a gwageo. In a shift from last year’s event, the foreigners’examination was specially titled The Day Munmugwabangmok this year to refer to the “list of successful literary and military officials.” The mock The Day is a historical drama featuring the examination was so named because new military political conflict between the pro-war and anti-war subjects were added to the examination this year factions that took place inside Namhansanseong including archery. during the second Manchu invasion of Joseon. This With the assistance of the Korea Tourism was an audience-participation play with a scenario Cooperation, international residents of Korea based on adapted historical facts, allowing the

Foreign-born residents of Korea taking a Joseon-style government were recruited for the examination. This event audience to make a range of decisions and witness examination was conceived based on the historical fact that the results of their choices.

government examinations were held in Namhansanseong in concurrence with the The dramatic play did not simply offer A scene from the historical drama The Day king’s visits to the fortress. Although this event is designed to boost awareness of the vicarious excitement and joy, but also encouraged fortress’s outstanding universal value among the international community through the audience to think about the diverse issues of the past and the present. At the end of participation in the examination, any and all visitors could enjoy the event from the the performance, audience opinions were collected about the theme of the play, which audience. met with an enthusiastic response from the audience. The dramatic play did not just offered excitement and joys but also encouraged Namhansanseong in Pictures and History the audience to think about diverse issues of the past and the present. At the end of the drama, audience opinions were collected about the theme of the theme of the play, Namhansanseong in Pictures and History was an event held in the outer grounds which was met with enthusiastic responses of the audience. of Haenggung Palace where stories about the fortress were set to an accompaniment of traditional Korean music. Fortresses of the World As part of the program, the lecturer Song Hye-na showed “Songpajindo” by the prominent Joseon painter Jeong Seon and linked the painting to her talk The exhibition Fortresses of the World was on Namhansanseong and its geographical intended to visually describe the characteristics of surroundings. The painting was presented as a rare Namhansanseong, including its location, as well example of a painting featuring Namhansanseong. as its offensive and defensive functions. Photos Professor Sin Byeong-ju from Konkuk of Hwaseong and other fortresses from around University related the story of Crown Prince the world were on exhibit alongside with those of Sohyeon, who was taken to Shenyang, China as Namhansanseong in order to provide a comparative a hostage during the second Manchu invasion of perspective. Joseon in 1636, describing the crown prince’s A special exhibition put on display photos of Namhansanseong and emotional conflicts with his father King Injo (r. Hwaseong together with fortresses from other counties. 1623–1649). He narrated one of the most tragic A musical storytelling event at Namhansanseong providing both interesting stories and beautiful music Korean Heritage for the World 28 | 29

A Journey to Prehistoric Times Monthly Thematic Program Text & Photos by Research Center on Dolmens in Northeast Asia The program Time Travel to the A prehistoric village has been recreated at the dolmen site in Hwasun to host Dolmen World is held on the Saturday a diverse range of experience programs. Through these programs, participants of the fourth week of March through are able to personally experience the life of Bronze Age peoples and appreciate November, with different themes each their wisdom and cooperative spirit. The programs are operated in conjunction month. The program is for families with school curriculums, serving as an educational arena for learning more with kindergarten or elementary school about cultural heritage. The programs operated at the dolmen site in Hwasun students. The themes featured in the are presented below. program in 2015 were, in order from March to November, ritual ceremonies Participants building a fire to bake earthenware vessels Customized Programs for All Ages at a dolmen village, dolmen excavation, lifestyle in a dolmen village, hunting with stone weapons, prehistoric life in the Programs for kindergarten students include Let’s Make a Dolmen!, in which summer, earthenware making and use, harvesting crops, and preparing for winter. participants learn how to build a dolmen through a video clip and cooperate to construct one themselves; My Handmade Accessory, where they craft decorative items modeled Dolmen Village Camp on those used by prehistoric people; and I am a Prehistoric Painter, where students examine rock paintings from prehistoric times and try their hand at creating one. A two-day, one-night camp is held in the prehistoric village in Hwasun to give Programs targeting elementary school students provide similar experiences to participants hands-on experience with prehistoric lifestyles and gain a chance to learn those for kindergarten students, but with about the wisdom of our ancestors. This year, the camp took place in August under a higher level of complexity. In Dolmen the title One Night in the Dolmen World and consisted of such activities as making Construction participants learn the process prehistoric shelters and hunting and fishing tools, eating prehistoric food, inter-tribal of quarrying and transferring stones and games, and dolmen excavation. building dolmens, and then perform the actual construction of a dolmen; Prehistoric Hunting allows elementary school students to shape stones and fire bows using stones arrowheads, and then attempt hunting in the same way prehistoric people did; Dolmen Excavation participants act A team joins forces to carry a table stone for a dolmen as archaeologists to excavate dolmen sites; and Making Prehistoric Pottery lets students craft earthenware vessels to obtain a better understanding of prehistoric lifestyles. The final strand of the age-targeted programs is intended for middle and high school students. Dolmen Construction and Science teaches the scientific techniques demonstrated through the construction of dolmens; Stone Crafting and Techniques features the design and crafting of stone vessels; and Dolmen Excavation participants gain a better understanding of the design and construction of dolmens.

Participants of the dolmen village camp program wearing leather clothes Exploration of Korean Heritage 30 | 31

Saekdong: Colorful Stripes Epitomizing Ancient Wisdom

① ②

Striking an asymmetric color balance by presenting brilliant hues like red, yellow, white, and blue side by side, the saekdong color arrangement exemplifies not only the aesthetic sensibilities of ancient Koreans, but also their wisdom and pursuit of good luck.

Excerpt from Hanbok, Attractive Traditional Korean Clothing (vol. 2) by the Hanbok Advancement Center (Editor: Moon Bee-song; Photographer: Kim Yeon-hee; References: Costume Arts by Geum Gi-suk, Making Our Clothes by Sim Hwa-jin et al., and Aesthetic Analysis of Saekdong in Clothes by Choi Yun-jeong)

In ancient times, the saekdong compositional tradition was shared by Korea, China, and Japan, but it is only in Korea where this audacious ③ arrangement of primary colors remained consistently in vogue and came to be recognized as one of the definitive characteristics of traditional clothing, or hanbok. The term saekdong literally means “colorful strips,” but popularly ① Joined cloth strips in the saek- denotes “the sleeves of a traditional jacket dyed with colorful pigments dong colors (Kim In-ja) or made by patching together colorful cloth strips.” The saekdong ② Spools finished withsaekdong color decorations on either end technique was mainly used for skirts during the Three Kingdoms (Baek Ok-su) period (57 B.C.–A.D. 668). During the Joseon Dynasty, however, ③ A child’s jacket with saekdong sleeves (Kim In-ja) its application became more extensive, including in upper garments ④ A tie for a jeogori (upper garment for the first birthday, children’s ceremonial attire and outer coats, of hanbok) made with a saekdong color arrangement (Kim Yeong-jin) children’s headgear, and also adult clothing such as men’s long jackets, ④ ⑤ ⑤ A child’s winter headgear with shamans’robes, and women’s ceremonial clothing. saekdong decoration (Kim Yeong-jin) Exploration of Korean Heritage 32 | 33

Given that white was the predominant color in Korean traditional attire to the A fresh look at something that might have been taken for granted, such as the extent that the Koreans came to be self-described as the “people clad in white,” it is traditional Korean garment jeogori, can often suggest new ideas for the future. interesting that the rather broad color expression in saekdong is considered one of Excerpt from Hanbok: Attractive Korean Clothing (vol. 2) by the Hanbok Advancement Center the characteristic identifiers ofhanbok . This is because the saekdong tradition vividly (Writer: Cho Hee-jin, Researcher in Hanbok; Cooperative Partners: National Museum of Korea, delivers historical Korean aesthetic preferences and wisdom. Patchwork, the primary National Folk Museum of Korea) technique for creating saekdong, is performed with the maker freely selecting and Hwang Jin-yi is an historical figure widely featured in modern stories on a wide joining together cloth strips of diverse hues, and thus reflecting her personal creative range of media, including literature, television, and cinema. Alluding to her social color expression. Saekdong clothes made through patchwork were the product of the status as a gisaeng or profession female entertainer of the Joseon Dynasty, she is ingenuity and creativity of ancient Korean women, the hanbok designers of the time. commonly depicted in a short, tight jacket matched up with a voluminous, rolled- Another aspect of saekdong is that it is an expression of wishes for good luck by up skirt and splendid headgear in the form of an umbrella-shaped hat (jeonmo) ancient Koreans. For them, colors were not just about visual satisfaction, but also an worn obliquely on hair puffed up with a wig. Portrayals of Hwang Jin-yi have rarely expression of the beliefs in the opposing forces of yin and yang and the philosophical overlooked these stereotypes. It is difficult to accurately determine her birth and concept of wu xing (five elements). These principles were believed to determine death years, but it is known she had personal exchanges with the literary scholar Seo fortunes and were also applied in color usage to drive away evil and call down good Gyeong-deok from the mid-Joseon era, giving rise to the presumption that Hwang was luck. This is why the color black, symbolizing negative forces, is excluded from the active during the reign of King Jungjong (r. 1506–1544). However, historic garments color composition for saekdong and lucky saekdong textiles were more widely used for children’s attire than for adults’. The aesthetically pleasing color organization of saekdong also conveys Korean ancestors’desire to not waste any chance to call down good fortune. A Fresh Look at the Jeogori

“A Lady with a Jeonmo Hat” by Sin Yun-bok from the 18th century (copyright National Museum of Korea) Exploration of Korean Heritage 34 | 35

“Weaving a Mat” from The Collection of Danwon’s Genre Paintings by Kim Hong-do from the 18th century (copyright National Museum of Korea)

A 16th-century jacket from the Andong Kim clan, found in 1965 in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province (copyright National Folk Museum of Korea)

dating to the mid-16th century do not coincide with the conventional conception of Hwang’s appearance. Skirts at the time were worn around the waist, not at the breast as Hwang is depicted. What is more, jackets were neither as short nor as tight as portrayed: a typical upper garment from the mid-16th century would be broad and reach the waist, with curved lines and a spacious straight sleeve from the armpit to the end of the sleeve.

The New-style Jeogori Descried as “Wicked and Odd” A 18th-century jacket from the Haeju Jeong clan (copyright National Folk Museum of Korea) The typical 16th-century jacket with a deeply overlapping breast at the front underwent a transformation in the 17th century. The length was reduced to above the waist and the sleeves were tightened. This was also when the band around the neck became narrower and was squared off. There are various hypotheses regarding the reasons behind these changes. One compelling explanation is that the Japanese invasions of the late 16th century resulted in widespread shortages that led to the emergence of a simplified style of jackets. It could be also explained as a natural process of evolution derived from the passage of time. Into the mid-18th century, the women’s jacket grew shorter and tighter to the extent that it adhered to the body. Every component of the jacket was minimized: the sides were shortened to appear as if there was nothing below the level of the sleeves, which were also so narrow that it looked as if they would have needed to be sewn together after the arms were inserted; there was little overlap at the front; and the A 18th-century jacket from the Haeju Jeong clan (copyright National Folk Museum of Korea) Exploration of Korean Heritage 36 | 37

long ties that hold the left and right fronts together became thin. While the jacket was Korean hanbok is mostly good. The jeogori has become a little longer and the skirt shortened, the skirt went up from the waist to the breast line. This is the tight shoulder shorter than before, and the wearing type of hanging over the shoulders was devised and rich drape hanbok style that is most familiar among contemporary Koreans. in order to avoid the unhealthy way of tightening over the breasts.” However, these changes seemed unfamiliar and therefore odd to many It is only natural that what is unfamiliar soon becomes commonplace and contemporaneous Koreans. The Silhak (Practical Learning) scholar Yi Deok-mu from eventually seems boring, stoking a desire for change. The traditional Korean jacket the late Joseon period bitterly criticized the movement, saying, “A jacket with narrow has undergone this process any number of times. What is lamentable is that the natural sleeves and a swollen skirt is wicked.” He continued to lament, “When trying on such transformative process of hanbok upper garments was put on hold; and eventually a jacket, it is difficult to fit the arm into the sleeve, and one bend of the arm pops open historical conditions were such that they did not allow autonomous evolution the seams, plus the tightness blocks energy circulation in the arms. There is no way to throughout society, and traditional attire was no exception. In the years following take if off other than tearing it.” The painter Sin Yun-bok from a similar period as Yi Japanese colonial rule and the Korean War, anything that stood in the way of depicted a woman with a short jacket and a severely inflated skirt in a painting, and left modernization was criticized as obsolete and as something to be done away with. The a comment reading “This is not the way ancient people did it, and it is odd.” What Sin jeogori was relegated to the status of a unique garment reserved for special occasions intended by that comment is uncertain, but painters’commentary on their artworks are such as weddings, not for everyday wear, and excessive decoration was added to certain to relate somehow to the motifs in the paintings. In this sense, the comment may help it live up to the status of being “special.” The jeogori ceased its centuries-long refer to the short upper garment and voluminous skirt, aptly expressing the confusion evolution once it was deprived of its function as an everyday garment. and discomfort that contemporaneous Koreans experienced in the face of this new hanbok style. A Request for Looking Back on Traditional Jeogori

Traditional Korean Clothing Perceived as “Good” A close look at the components of traditional jeogori reveals their functional qualities and the wisdom of our ancestors. A small cloth scrap (gyeonmagi) sewn into The Japanese writer Zanun Usuda observed Korea prior to the imposition of the armpit of a jeogori functions as a bias to allow diagonal stretching and adds three- Japanese colonial rule and recorded, “Joseon women wear a jacket that is too short to dimensional sensibilities to an otherwise flatjeogori design. Not only do they enhance cover the breasts and is 5–6 chon above the skirt to expose all the skin not covered by the movement of the arms, these small cloth scraps also create an optical effect of underwear.” It is true that the length of the upper garment became shorter throughout making the wearer look slender. The strings at the front are rendered short and thin the 18th–19th centuries, but the exposure of the breasts was limited to the lower class, to suit their function of tying the jeogori. The band of fabric around the neck and the particularly women who were breastfeeding at the time. Records left by the Japanese overlapped breast at the front are made wide and deep for the comfort of the wearer. colonial authorities and postcards they distributed conveying everyday life in Joseon The white collar is designed to be replaceable, showing great practicality. Jeogori are Korea fueled the misperception that women were all brazenly walking the streets with sometimes even made without seams to provide maximum comfort. their breasts exposed. By selling postcards carrying the image of Korean women with It is not a meaningless exercise to look back on the history of the jeogori: we can their breasts exposed, the Japanese authorities promoted the rationale behind the need discover lessons to apply in reviving its everyday functions. What we need today may to modernize “primitive Joseon.” Along with other elements, Korean clothing was be a jeogori that naturally evolves as an everyday garment, not as a formal costume perceived to be in need of “correction.” adorned with splendid decorations. However, others in the same period recognized the value of the Korean jeogori. A close look at the development process of the jeogori could allow a valuable Kim Won-ju, one of the first generation of female writers in Korea, suggested slight recognition that what is more worthwhile is restoring the practical functionality and revisions to the jeogori of the day to make them more appropriate for everyday life, comfort that jeogori once possessed, rather than recklessly introducing innovative “The upper garments including jeogori and jeoksam should be cut and made 8 chi long transformations. For this purpose, it is definitely effective to take a careful look at with a broader width and shorter sleeves.” Meanwhile, Henry Gerhard Appenzeller, a every component of a jeogori. missionary to Joseon Korea who also served as the dean of Ewha Womans University thought highly of the traditional Korean clothing: “I personally think that the traditional Intriguing Structure of Songso Historic House

Text & Photos by Lee Jin-gyeong, Journalist with the Korean Cultural Heritage Newspaper

The main outer quarters Exploration of Korean Heritage 40 | 41

It is a long, rough road to Cheongsong in North Gyeongsang Province, but it is precisely this rugged terrain that has helped sustain the area’s authentic traditional culture and pristine nature. I walked along stone walls striking a perfect harmony with the surrounding landscape to reach Songso Historic House (Important Folklore Cultural The inner quarters Heritage No. 205) in Deokcheon Village. Songso Historic House was built sometime around the 1880s when Sim Ho- taek (penname Songso) moved from the Hobakgol Valley to the Deokcheon area, where his family originated. Sim Ho-taek was a seventh-generation descendant of Sim Cheo-dae of the Cheongsong Sim clan, who was a millionaire believed to be hoarding The inner wall, or naeoedam great riches. The house epitomizes an upper-class residence from the late Joseon era. Popularly known as “the house of the rich man from the Cheongsong Sim clan”, men and women, this wall served to block from the main outer quarters any view of Songso Historic House retains the traditional ambience of the Joseon Dynasty. women entering and exiting the inner quarters. The master followed the left side of the Through the tall gate can be seen side by side the primary outer quarters housing the wall to enter the main outer quarters, while women passed to the other side to access master and the smaller outer quarters for the oldest son. A hipped and gabled roof their space. Another interesting element is the pierced wall standing between the inner covers the master’s outer quarters, composed of a spacious wood-floored room flanked quarters and the main outer quarters. Through these holes, women who normally by a study and the master’s bedroom. The gable-roofed small outer quarters have a remained within the inner quarters could observe events in the rest of the compound, storage room, a wood-floored room, and the son’s bedroom. and were also able to determine the number of arriving guests to serve. But the Featuring a wide courtyard, the inner quarters provide the number of holes shown on either side of the wall is different: three holes are fashioned residence for the master’s wife, daughters, and daughters-in- on the inner quarters’side, and six on the other side. law. The wood-floored room in the center has to the left the After looking around the house, I perched myself on the wood-floored room in women’s bedroom and another room and the wife’s bedroom the outer quarters. It presented a completely different view than would have been and the kitchen on the right. There is also an auxiliary house to observed from a visitor’s perspective. Through the frames of the columns appeared a the west that is distinctive for is high wooden balcony. picturesque portrait of the surroundings. With the snug and homely ambience, I felt it Compounding the interest of visitors to this 130 year was definitely worth traveling the long rugged road to get here. old house are the inner wall (naeoedam) and “pierced wall” Lost in the comfortable atmosphere, I heard people enter the house. They were (gumeongdam). Walls intrinsically play the role of dividing Sim Jae-o, an 11th-generation descendent of the Cheongsong Sim clan, and his wife. space; a closer look at these walls in Songso Historic House, Passing the tall gate, Mr. Sim and his wife, Choi Yun-hui, passed along the inner wall however, reveals interesting stories rooted in Korean traditional to enter their respective quarters. Born in this house, Mr. Sim had been long residing culture. in Seoul, but has returned to his hometown to take on the responsibility of preserving Past the tall red-spiked gate, the first thing that comes to this house and transmitting it to future generations. These days, the family makes full the eye is the inner wall, which makes people hesitant about use of all the hours of the day receiving visitors and guests. I left Songso Historic which side of the wall they should follow. During the Joseon House with fond wishes for the couple to live a long happy life in their ancestral era, when draconian measures were imposed to segregate home. Sim Jae-o and his wife living in Songso Historic House Exploration of Korean Heritage 42 | 43

Information for Visitors

► How to get there ►Other Places to Visit in the Area Located in a mountainous area 250 meters above sea level, Cheongsong has a wide • Mt. Juwangsan and Daejeonsa Temple (266 Gongwon-gil, Budong-myeon, daily temperature range of more than 12 degrees Celsius, and is blessed with a great Cheongsong-gun) amount of sunshine. The region produces large quantities of apples and hosts an annual : Set against the rocky background of Mt. Juwangsan, Daejeonsa Temple is apple festival in late October. To get to Songso Historic House, you can take Expressway believed to have been constructed by Monk Uisang in 672 during the Unified Silla era. No. 50 and change to Expressway No. 55 via the Manjong Junction, and then exit onto Inside the temple compound is located Bogwangjeon Hall, registered on the national National Route No. 34 at the Seoandong Interchange to arrive in the Cheongsong area. heritage list as Treasure No. 1570. Renowned for its rugged cliffs and breathtaking There is a historical house experience program on offer at Songso Historic House. landscape, Mt. Juwangsan is a favorite among hikers. Amid fantastically shaped rocks plunges Yongchupokpo Falls, breaking the silence into pieces and striking awe in visitors. %FPLDIFPO • Jusanji Reservoir (Ijeon-ri, Bumyeon-dong, Cheongsong-gun) $PNNVOJUZ$FOUFS : Built in 1720, Jusanji Reservoir became a major destination after serving as

$IFPOHTPOH the backdrop for the 2003 film Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter… and Spring. The %FPLDIFPO $IBNTPTFVM7JMMBHF reservoir never disappoints the high expectations of visitors who seek out the beautiful scenery witnessed in the movie, presenting aesthetic landscapes around the year. 4POHTP The indigenous willow trees that have been standing in the water for 150 years and )JTUPSJD)PVTF %FPLDIFPO $IVSDI the water reflecting the silhouettes of the surrounding mountains conspire to create stunning views.

4BOHSJ

%FPLDIFPO DSPTTSPBET ► Other Historic Houses in the Vicinity • Deokcheon Village : This is a traditional themed village, also known as “Cheongsong Chamsoseul Village.” This village is home not only to Songso Historic House but also Songjeong Historic House, Chalbanggong Head House, and Changsil Historic House; it also hosts diverse experience programs such as natural dyeing, traditional paper-making, apple farming. • Seongcheondaek House in Cheongun-dong (Important Folklore Culture Heritage No. 172) : 12 Seodang-gil, Cheongsong-eup, Cheongsong-gun • Husongdang House in Changyangdong (Important Folklore Culture Heritage No. 173) : 2587-13 Cheongsong-ro, Hyeondong-myeon, Cheongsong-gun

Jusanji Reservoir Cultural Heritage Administration Headlines 44 | 45

CHA News Two Archival Heritage Items Enter the Memory of the World

The 12th Meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the UNESCO The Confucian Printing Woodblocks comprises 64,226 hand-carved blocks Memory of the World Programme was held in Abu Dhabi from October 4 to 6 to make used for printing 718 works authored during the Joseon Dynasty. They have been recommendations for inscribing documentary heritage of global significance onto the entrusted by 305 family clans and Confucian academies, and their management and Memory of the World International Register. Irina Bokova, the Director-General of conservation is being carried out by the Advanced Center for Korean Studies. UNESCO, later confirmed the inscription of all the archival heritage recommended. This documentary heritage is distinctive for its embodiment of collective Among these items were two Korean documentary heritage items: the Archives of intelligence: these were not produced through some kind of government-led project, the KBS Special Live Broadcast Finding Dispersed Families and the Confucian Printing but by a collection of individual scholars from different areas across a timespan of Woodblocks. The Archives of the KBS Special Live Broadcast Finding Dispersed more than 500 years. The themes covered by the records are as diverse as politics, Families consist of 20,522 records related to the live broadcasts of reunions of war- economics, and social issues, but the primary thread linking them all is “perfecting dispersed families that were aired by the Korean Broadcasting System from June 30 Confucian morality,” which was studied through academic lineages passed from through November 14, 1983. The archives hold 463 videotapes recording 453 hours generation to generation from the 16th to mid-20th centuries. and 45 minutes of broadcasts, as well as producers’journals, participation applications, The Cultural Heritage Administration will continue its endeavors to identify broadcast cue sheets, audiotapes, and photographs. documentary heritage of global significance and expand the country’s representation These newly-inscribed archives are the only documents that so vividly convey on the Memory of the World International Register. memories of the Korean War and the resulting family tragedies, promoting awareness of the significance of seeking peace and preventing any repetition of such a horrific conflict.

Paizi libu yunlue (Baeja yebu ullyak in Korean, Rhyme Handbook of the Board of Rites) Carved in 1460. Preserved at Seonam Academy in Cheongdo. Records from the KBS special live broadcast Finding Dispersed Families This is a typical example of Korean printing woodblock used to print codices. Cultural Heritage Administration Headlines 46 | 47

CHA Events

World Heritage Management Offices Royal Palace Management Office

Name Website Tell Name Website Tell

[Deoksugung Palace Management Office] Deoksugung Palace +82-2-771-9955 [Bulguksa] www.bulguksa.or.kr +82-54-746-9913 www.deoksugung.go.kr/eng/index.asp

Seokguram Grotto and [Gyeongbokgung Palace Management Office] [Seokguram] www.sukgulam.org +82-54-746-9933 Gyeongbokgung Palace +82-2-3700-3900 Bulguksa Temple www.royalpalace.go.kr/html/eng/main/main.jsp

[Gyeongju City] guide.gyeongju.go.kr/deploy/eng +82-54-779-8585

Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana [Hapcheon County] english.hc.go.kr +82-55-930-3114 Affiliated Organizations of the Cultural Heritage Administration Name Website Tell [Changdeokgung Palace Management Office] Chandeokgung Palace Complex +82-2-762-9513 eng.cdg.go.kr Korea Cultural Heritage Foundation www.chf.or.kr/en/index.jsp +82-2-566-6300

Hwaseong Fortress [Suwon Cultural Foundation] english.swcf.or.kr +82-31-290-3600 National Palace Museum of Korea www.gogung.go.kr/fore/main.do?pLng=en +82-2-3701-7500

Gyeongju Historic Areas [Gyeongju City] guide.gyeongju.go.kr/deploy/eng +82-54-779-8585 National Research Institute of www.nrich.go.kr/english_new +82-42-860-9114 Cultural Heritage

[Gochang County] english.gochang.go.kr/index. +82-63-564-2121 gochang National Intangible Heritage Center www.nihc.go.kr/english/html +82-63-280-1400 Gochang, Hwasun, and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites [Research Center on Dolmens in Northeast +82-61-370-8800 Asia in Hwasun] idolmen.or.kr/eng

Jeju Volcanic Island and [Jeju Province] english.jeju.go.kr +82-64-120 Lava Tubes

Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and [Andong and Hahoe Villages Management Office] +82-54-853-0109 Yangdong www.hahoe.or.kr/english/sub1.asp

[Namhansanseong World Heritage Center] Namhansanseong +82-31-777-7514 www.fortress-namhansanseong.or.kr

[Baekje Historic Areas Conservation and Management Baekje Historic Areas +82-42-488-9724 Foundation] www.baekje-heritage.or.kr/html/en KOREAN HERITAGE Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration

Cultural Heritage Administration, 189 Cheongsa-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea Tel | 82-42-481-4735 Fax | 82-42-481-4759 http://english.cha.go.kr

Cultural Heritage Administration, 2015

This publication is copyrighted. No part may be reproduced by any process without written permission.