KKK O O O R R R E E E A A A N N N HERITAGEHERITAGEHERITAGE 199519951995 SeokguramSeokguramSeokguram Grotto GrottoGrotto and andand 겨울겨울겨울 WINTERWINTERWINTER 201520152015 ||| Vol.Vol.Vol. 8 88 No. No.No. 4 44 BulguksaBulguksaBulguksa Temple TempleTemple HaeinsaHaeinsaHaeinsa Temple TempleTemple JanggyeongJanggyeongJanggyeong Panjeon,Panjeon,Panjeon, the thethe 199719971997 DepositoriesDepositoriesDepositories for forfor ChangdeokgungChangdeokgungChangdeokgung thethethe Tripitaka TripitakaTripitaka Koreana KoreanaKoreana PalacePalacePalace Complex ComplexComplex WoodblocksWoodblocksWoodblocks HwaseongHwaseongHwaseong Fortress FortressFortress JongmyoJongmyoJongmyo Shrine ShrineShrine 200020002000 GyeongjuGyeongjuGyeongju Historic HistoricHistoric Areas Areas Areas Gochang,Gochang,Gochang, Hwasun, Hwasun,Hwasun, and andand GanghwaGanghwaGanghwa Dolmen DolmenDolmen Sites SitesSites 200720072007 JejuJejuJeju Volcanic VolcanicVolcanic 겨울 겨울 IslandIslandIsland and andand Lava LavaLava Tubes TubesTubes 겨울 WINTER WINTER WINTER 200920092009 RoyalRoyalRoyal Tombs TombsTombs of ofof thethethe Joseon JoseonJoseon Dynasty DynastyDynasty 201020102010 2015 2015 HistoricHistoricHistoric Villages VillagesVillages of ofof 2015 KoreaKoreaKorea : :: Hahoe HahoeHahoe and andand YangdongYangdongYangdong Vol. 8 No. 4 Vol. Vol. 8 No. 4 Vol. Vol. 8 No. 4 Vol. 201420142014 NamhansanseongNamhansanseongNamhansanseong 201520152015 BaekjeBaekjeBaekje Historic HistoricHistoric Areas Areas Areas ISSNISSNISSN 2005-0151 2005-0151 2005-0151 KOREAN HERITAGE Quarterly Magazine of the Cultural Heritage Administration KOREAN HERITAGE 겨울 WINTER 2015 On the Cover The year 2015 marks the 20th anniversary of the initial inscription of Korean heritage onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. Since the first three heritage sites—Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple, Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana, and Jongmyo Shrine—were entered on the list in 1995, eight more sites and monuments have earned global heritage status: in 1997 Changdeok- gung Palace Complex and Hwaseong Fortress; in 2000 Gyeongju Historic Areas, and Gochang, Ganghwa, and Hwasun Dolmen Sites; in 2007 Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes; in 2009 Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty; in 2010 Historic Villages of Korea (Hahoe and Yangdong); in 2014 Namhansanseong; and in 2015 Baekje Historic Areas. All in all, there are 12 World Heritage Sites—one natural and 11 cultural— in Korea today. KOREAN HERITAGE is also available on the website (http://English.cha.go.kr) and smart devices. 02 | 03 CONTENTS Congratulatory Remarks 04 Achievements and Challenges of the 20th Anniversary 06 of World Heritage Inscription Korean Heritage in Focus 10 Comments from World Heritage Managers 10 Korean Heritage for the World Examples of World Heritage Conservation and Promotion 24 Exploration of Korean Heritage 24 30 Saekdong: Colorful Stripes Epitomizing Ancient Wisdom 30 A Fresh Look at the Jeogori 33 Intriguing Structure of Songso Historic House 38 Cultural Heritage Administration Headlines CHA News 44 33 38 CHA Events 46 44 45 04 | 05 Congratulatory Remarks This year marks the 20th anniversary of the first inscription of Korean The Cultural Heritage Administration will continue to strive for the heritage on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As the head of the agency conservation of the values of Korean culture and heritage, including responsible for heritage conservation in Korea, I would like to express my those recognized by UNESCO, and disseminate them further out into the sincere gratitude to all those who have devoted themselves to the inscription wider world. It will also make efforts to contribute to crucial international of the country’s cultural monuments and relics on this list and to the conservation efforts. protection of Korean heritage in general. Special thanks have also been well earned by the international heritage organizations and institutions standing at the forefront of conservation Sincerely, efforts at the global level, including the World Heritage Centre, International Council on Monuments and Sites, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and International Centre on the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property. Rha Sun-hwa Since Korea’s first three heritage sites—Seokguram Grotto and Bulgulsa Administrator Temple, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks, and Cultural Heritage Administration Jongmyo Shrine—entered the global heritage list in 1995, the number of World Heritage Sites in the country has expanded to 12, including the inscription of the Baekje Historic Sites this very year. All of these World Heritage Sites, as well as the countless other heritage sites and monuments around Korea, are an abundant repository of history at both the material and spiritual levels, and hence a fundamental source of national identity and pride. 06 | 07 Achievements and Challenges of the 20th Anniversary of World Heritage Inscription Following the adoption of the Convention in 1972, the World Heritage Committee was formed in 1976 and produced the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. While the Lee Sang-hae Chair of the World Heritage Advisory Committee of the Cultural Heritage Administration World Heritage inscriptions conducted annually since 1978 are also regulated by these Operational Guidelines, they are continuously revised and complemented at the yearly World Heritage Committee meeting. The 2005 revision of the Operational Guidelines in particular introduced stricter The term World Heritage refers to cultural, natural, and mixed (both regulations, rendering obtaining World Heritage status even more difficult cultural and natural) heritage registered on the World Heritage List by the than before. World Heritage Committee in recognition of outstanding universal value Only states that have ratified the Convention may nominate cultural transcending space and time that should be collectively managed and and natural heritage within their territories for inscription on the World protected by humanity. Supported by a dedicated staff within the UNESCO Heritage List. Korea joined the Convention in 1988 and was awarded its Secretariat, the World Heritage List is a separate program from other first inscription in 1995. As of August 2015, Korea is home to 12 World UNESCO listing systems, such as those for intangible heritage elements and Heritage Sites—one natural and 11 cultural. Among these 12 sites, eight are documentary heritage. serial nominations comprised of a complex of heritage sites and monuments, The operation of the World Heritage List program is based on the and four are single-site nominations. Using strengthening of inscription Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural standards in 2005 as a dividing point, seven sites were inscribed in the phase Heritage, adopted in 1972 at the 17th session of the UNESCO General before that year, and five in the second phase afterwards. Conference. The World Heritage Convention has played a critical role in A heritage site should remain on the Tentative List for at least one year encouraging systematic international endeavors toward the preservation of before beginning the nomination process. As of 2015, there are 11 cultural cultural and natural heritage. Among the heritage conservation initiatives and four natural sites registered on Korea’s Tentative List. Given this, sites undertaken within the framework of the Convention, the World Heritage List incorporating natural factors including cultural landscapes appear to have a program is the most celebrated and popular heritage conservation tool. greater chance to be selected as a candidate for nomination in the future. 08 | 09 In Korea, World Heritage nominations have been conducted to ensure Standing at the 20th anniversary of Korea’s first World Heritage that the scope of the heritage concerned goes beyond the cultural legacies of inscriptions, we must take advantage of both the enhanced public awareness the elite class to encompass cultural and historical relics representing diverse of World Heritage in the country and the latest conservation advancements walks of life. In addition, serial nominations combining multiple heritage sites in the international arena in order to inspire a new policy framework tailored spanning diverse areas rather than single-site nominations have become more to each of the World Heritage Sites. We could experiment with novel commonplace. The trend toward serial nominations is a global phenomenon conservation initiatives ranging from community-participatory conservation as well. The conservation and management of such serial properties, however, to the designation of heritage conservation areas beyond the current poses challenges under the existing legal and administrative frameworks, 500-meter limitation, more detailed standards for alterations to the existing therefore systematic countermeasures are required. form, systematic heritage use and interpretation, and preventive monitoring By number of World Heritage inscriptions, Korea ranks 21st worldwide. systems. This is not insignificant for a country the size of Korea, but there are many Within the framework of the World Heritage Convention, diverse other heritage sites in the country that are worthy of recognition as World conservation examples and policies are being discussed based on input Heritage given our longstanding history and cultural traditions. The inscription from the 163 countries that host heritage inscribed