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Inner Mongolia
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN30730 Country: China Date: 13 October 2006 Keywords: CHN30730 – Tibetan Buddhism – Government Treatment – Inner Mongolia This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Please provide some background information on this Huang Jiao group. 2. Please provide information on the Chinese government’s treatment of this group, especially in Mongolia. RESPONSE 1. Please provide some background information on this Huang Jiao group. The file indicates that the applicant is from Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The applicant claims to practice a religion from Tibet similar to Buddhism. According to the US Department of State, most ethnic Mongolians practice Tibetan Buddhism (US Department of State 2006, International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – China, 15 September, Section 1 – Attachment 1). Huang Jiao means yellow religion in Chinese. One reference to huang jiao was found amongst the sources consulted. The article published in The Drama Review in 1989 reports that huang jiao is the yellow sect of Tibetan Buddhism (Liuyi, Qu et al 1989, ‘The Yi: Human Evolution Theatre’, The Drama Review, Vol 33, No 3, Autumn, p.105 – Attachment 2). The yellow sect of Tibetan Buddhism is more commonly known as Gelug but is also known as Geluk, Gelugpa, Gelukpa, Gelug pa, Geluk pa and the Yellow Hat sect. -
Making the Palace Machine Work Palace Machine the Making
11 ASIAN HISTORY Siebert, (eds) & Ko Chen Making the Machine Palace Work Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Making the Palace Machine Work Asian History The aim of the series is to offer a forum for writers of monographs and occasionally anthologies on Asian history. The series focuses on cultural and historical studies of politics and intellectual ideas and crosscuts the disciplines of history, political science, sociology and cultural studies. Series Editor Hans Hågerdal, Linnaeus University, Sweden Editorial Board Roger Greatrex, Lund University David Henley, Leiden University Ariel Lopez, University of the Philippines Angela Schottenhammer, University of Salzburg Deborah Sutton, Lancaster University Making the Palace Machine Work Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire Edited by Martina Siebert, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Artful adaptation of a section of the 1750 Complete Map of Beijing of the Qianlong Era (Qianlong Beijing quantu 乾隆北京全圖) showing the Imperial Household Department by Martina Siebert based on the digital copy from the Digital Silk Road project (http://dsr.nii.ac.jp/toyobunko/II-11-D-802, vol. 8, leaf 7) Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 035 9 e-isbn 978 90 4855 322 8 (pdf) doi 10.5117/9789463720359 nur 692 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) The authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2021 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). -
New Tales of the Gobi Desert the Hong Kong Young Writers Awards Online Anthology - Non-Fiction, Poetry and Cover Art Sponsors
New Tales of the Gobi Desert The Hong Kong Young Writers Awards Online Anthology - Non-Fiction, Poetry and Cover Art Sponsors Supported by Organiser Official Charity New Tales of the Gobi Desert Non-Fiction Group 1 The Gobi Desert AD & FD of Pok Oi Hospital Mrs Cheng Yam On School, Hung Tsz To, Non-Fiction: Group 1 am losing, losing, losing......in the Gobi Desert. How do I walk across it? It’s an unboundary region, all you could see are and dunes, sand......Will I lose my life in Gobi Desert? Let’s know more about the Gobi Desert. The Gobi Desert is the fifth largest desert in the world and occupies an area of 1,300,000 Ik², and it is a large desert region in Asia. The Gobi is most notable in history as part of the great Mongol Empire and as the location of several important cities along the Silk Road. The Gobi is a cold desert with frost and occasionally snow occurring on its dunes. The climate of the Gobi is one of great extremes, these can occur not only seasonally but within 24 hours. The temperature in Gobi is extremely, ranging from -40º(-46º) in winter to +50º(122º) in summer. The Gobi Desert is the source of many important fossil finds including the first dinosaur eggs. Despite the harsh conditions, these deserts and the surrounding regions sustain over 45 different species of animals and birds. But the Gobi Desert is expanding at an alarming rate, in a process known as desertification. The expansion of the Gobi is attributed mostly to human activities, notably deforestation, overgrazing, and depletion of water resources. -
The Interaction Between Ethnic Relations and State Power: a Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Georgia State University Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Sociology Dissertations Department of Sociology 5-27-2008 The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911 Wei Li Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss Part of the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Li, Wei, "The nI teraction between Ethnic Relations and State Power: A Structural Impediment to the Industrialization of China, 1850-1911." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2008. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/33 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Sociology at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN ETHNIC RELATIONS AND STATE POWER: A STRUCTURAL IMPEDIMENT TO THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF CHINA, 1850-1911 by WEI LI Under the Direction of Toshi Kii ABSTRACT The case of late Qing China is of great importance to theories of economic development. This study examines the question of why China’s industrialization was slow between 1865 and 1895 as compared to contemporary Japan’s. Industrialization is measured on four dimensions: sea transport, railway, communications, and the cotton textile industry. I trace the difference between China’s and Japan’s industrialization to government leadership, which includes three aspects: direct governmental investment, government policies at the macro-level, and specific measures and actions to assist selected companies and industries. -
Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】
Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】 【OBD】Beijing Essence Tour Price List US $ per person Itinerary 1: Beijing 3N4D Tour Itinerary 2: Beijing 4N5D Tour Tour Fare Itinerary 1 3N4D Itinerary 2 4N5D O Level A Level B Level A Level B B OBD4A OBD4B OBD5A OBD5B D Valid Date WED/FRI WED/FRI/SUN TUE/THU TUE/THU/SUN 2011.3.1-2011.8.31 208 178 238 198 Beijing 2011.9.1-2011. 11.30 218 188 258 208 2011.12.1-2012. 2.29 188 168 218 188 Single Room Supp. 160 130 200 150 Tips 32 32 40 40 1) Price excludes tips. The tips are for tour guide, driver and bell boys in hotel. Children should pay as much as adults. 2) Specified items(self-financed): Remarks Beijing/Kung Fu Show (US $28/P); [Half price (no seat) for child below 1.0m; full price for child over 1.0m. Only one child without seat is allowed for two adults.] 3) Total Fare: tour fare + specified self-financed fee(US $28/P) The price is based on adults; the price for children can be found on Page 87 Detailed Start Dates (The Local Date in China) Date Every Tues. Every Wed. Every Thur. Every Fri. Every Sun. Month OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD4B/OBD5B 2011. 3. 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 02, 09, 16, 23, 30 03, 10, 17, 24, 31 04, 11, 18, 25 06, 13, 20, 27 2011. 4. 05, 12, 19, 26 06, 13, 20, 27 07, 14, 21, 28 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 03, 10, 17, 24 Tour Highlights Tour Code:OBD4A/B Wall】 of China. -
Multi-Destination Tourism in Greater Tumen Region
MULTI-DESTINATION TOURISM IN GREATER TUMEN REGION RESEARCH REPORT 2013 MULTI-DESTINATION TOURISM IN GREATER TUMEN REGION RESEARCH REPORT 2013 Greater Tumen Initiative Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH GTI Secretariat Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration in Asia (RCI) Tayuan Diplomatic Compound 1-1-142 Tayuan Diplomatic Office Bldg 1-14-1 No. 1 Xindong Lu, Chaoyang District No. 14 Liangmahe Nanlu, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100600, China Beijing, 100600, China www.tumenprogramme.org www.economicreform.cn Tel: +86-10-6532-5543 Tel: + 86-10-8532-5394 Fax: +86-10-6532-6465 Fax: +86-10-8532-5774 [email protected] [email protected] © 2013 by Greater Tumen Initiative The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Greater Tumen Initiative (GTI) or members of its Consultative Commission and Tourism Board or the governments they represent. GTI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, GTI does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. “Multi-Destination Tourism in the Greater Tumen Region” is the report on respective research within the GTI Multi-Destination Tourism Project funded by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The report was prepared by Mr. James MacGregor, sustainable tourism consultant (ecoplan.net). -
Inner Mongolia & Ningxia Adventure-161014-1
Phone: 951-9800 Toll Free:1-877-951-3888 E-mail: [email protected] www.airseatvl.com 50 S. Beretania Street, Suite C - 211B, Honolulu, HI 96813 China Explore Mongolia ** The Home Land of Genghis Khan Magic Ningxia ** Oasis in the Loess Highland & Hui Culture Touring cities: Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, Yichuan, Zhongwei, Wuzhong, Guyuan & Beijing Tour Package Includes Traveling Dates: * Direct Flight from Honolulu to Beijing * 2 Domestic Air Flights Jun 5 – 20, 2017 * Hotel Accommodations for 13 Nights (based on double occupancy) * Admissions and 35 Meals as stated ( 16 Days) * UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Temple of Heaven * Mongolian Bonfire Party and 1 night experience in a Chariot Yurt * Local Specialty Cuisine: Beijing Zhajiangmain, Mongolian Boiled Lamb & Price per person: Mongolian Hotpot * Camel Ride in Tengger Desert, one of the largest deserts in China * Boat Tour on Shahu (Sand Lake) $ 2, 988 * The China West Film Studio Tour Incl: Tax & Fuel Charge Shuidonggou Ruins/Ming Great Wall Tour * Single Supp: $ 750 There exists a paradise where the chilly wind and the blue sky embrace you like a silk blanket. In this paradise, the desert sun warms your skin to your delight and the moonbeam shines brightly into the night like a phoenix. Here, you will feel the presence of yesterday’s culture and the promise of ongoing development. This is Inner Mongolia - where major attractions are the vast grassland and deserts. The autonomous region of Inner Mongolia looks like a long and narrow colorful picture scroll threading the east to the west, revealing its splendor and grandeur. Ningxia, located in China’s geometric center, is a dazzling pearl in northwest China. -
The Mandala As a Cosmic Model: Integrating Temple Architecture Within the Tibetan Buddhist Landscape
92nd ACSA ANNUAL MEETING MIAMI FL MARCH 18-21, 2004 143 The Mandala as a Cosmic Model: Integrating Temple Architecture within the Tibetan Buddhist Landscape PING XU University of Colorado at Denver Key n ords: in Inner Rlongolia in China. Also. there are increasing numbers of belie\erb in 3orth America and Bestern Europe. mandala cos~nicmodel 9 mbolisni micro to macro scale In Tibet. el eq citj . tov n. 1 illage. and el en ex erq home has its spatial organization circumambulation own temple. \\hich pro~idesa focus for the social and spiritual integration temple architecture lifr of the Tibetan communitj. Tibet once had oxer 6000 Tibetan Buddhist landscape temples. E\ erj i~nportanthistorical el ent. often linked to a religious re~olution.left hehind a great temple as an historical mark. Fanlous temples ere concentrated in Tibet. but many \$ere also located in the surrounding regions: Gansu. Qinghai. INTRODUCTIOX Sichuan. and Jongnan Prolinces. Farther off. manj famous temples Mere located in Inner Zlongolia. Beijing. and Chengde. The mandala as a Buddhist cosmic model of oiganizing the spiritual \+orldhas receixed great attention worldnide. especial- The wide distribution of Tibetan temples throughout China mas 1) for its iole in Tibetan Buddhist practices and its s!mbolism in the result of historical arid political factors. During the Yan religious architecture. Surprisinglj . among the \ olumes written Dynast! (1271-1368 AD). the emperors, u ho Mere descendents about the mandala. fen stress the integration of temple of Genghis Khan of Mongolia. adopted Tibetan Buddhism as architectuie mith its surrounding landscape. Emphasizing the the national religion of China. -
Booming Sand Dunes REVIEWS Further Click Here for Quick Links to Annual Reviews Content Online, Melany L
EA38CH11-Hunt ARI 23 March 2010 17:22 ANNUAL Booming Sand Dunes REVIEWS Further Click here for quick links to Annual Reviews content online, Melany L. Hunt and Nathalie M. Vriend including: rOther articles in this volume Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, r Top cited articles California 91125; email: [email protected]; [email protected] r Top downloaded articles r0VSDPNQrehensive search Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2010. 38:281–301 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on musical sands, dune structure, seismic refraction February 4, 2010 by California Institute of Technology on 07/17/11. For personal use only. The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is Abstract online at earth.annualreviews.org “Booming” sand dunes have a remarkable capacity to produce sounds that This article’s doi: are comparable with those from a stringed instrument. This phenomenon, in Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2010.38:281-301. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152336 which sound is generated after an avalanching of sand along the slip face of a Copyright c 2010 by Annual Reviews. ! dune, has been known for centuries and occurs in at least 40 sites around the All rights reserved world. A spectral analysis of the sound shows a dominant frequency between 0084-6597/10/0530-0281$20.00 70 and 110 Hz, as well as higher harmonics. Depending on the location and time of year, the sound may continue for several minutes, even after the avalanching of sand has ceased. -
Chan Insights and Oversights
CHAN INSIGHTS AND OVERSIGHTS CHAN INSIGHTS AND OVERSIGHTS AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL CRITIQUE OF THE CHAN TRADITION BERNARD FAURE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY Copyright © 1993 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Faure, Bernard. Chan insights and oversights: an epistemological critique of the Chan tradition / Bernard Faure. p. cm. ISBN 0-691-06948-4 ISBN 0-691-02902-4 (pbk.) 1. Knowledge, Theory of (Buddhism). 2. Hermeneutics—Religious aspects—Zen Buddhism. 3. Zen Buddhism—Study and teaching. 4. Zen Buddhism—Doctrines. I. Title. BQ4440.F38 1993 294.3—dc20 92-37150 This book has been composed in Linotron Sabon Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources Second printing, and first paperback printing, 1996 Printed in the United States of America by Princeton Academic Press 10 98765432 For Anna Seidel CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix ABBREVIATIONS xi INTRODUCTION 3 Chan as Secondary Orientalism 5 The Cultural "Encounter Dialogue " 9 Comparison, Counterpoint, Intertwining 10 PART ONE CHAPTER ONE Chan/Zen in the Western Imagination 15 Missionary Accounts 15 Buddhism and Quietism 29 Chan and Indian Mysticism 34 The Apostle Bodhidharma 45 Claudel -
By Martino Dibeltulo a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The
THE REVIVAL OF TANTRISM: TIBETAN BUDDHISM AND MODERN CHINA by Martino Dibeltulo A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Asian Languages and Cultures) in The University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Professor Donald S. Lopez, Jr., Chair Assistant Professor Micah Auerback Assistant Professor Benjamin Brose Professor Tomoko Masuzawa Associate Professor Elliot Sperling, Indiana University Associate Professor Gray Tuttle, Columbia University © Martino Dibeltulo ————————————2015 All rights reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation owes its completion to the labors of many people and to the contribution of many institutions. First of all, I would like to thank the members of my committee, who have inspired me and supported me in many ways during my graduate career. My advisor, Professor Donald Lopez, has always offered the best advice, providing me with the intellectual space that has seen this project grow into the present form. The clear, insightful, and timely comments he has made on each of my many drafts have illuminated my writing, inspiring my commitment to scholarship in Buddhist Studies. Both in the research and writing stages, Professor Micah Auerback has generously offered his insight into the study of Buddhism in modern and contemporary Japan, unselfishly helping me to read and translate texts from the Japanese language. Since my early graduate years, Professor Benjamin Brose has been a mentor and a friend, providing me with essential advice on the study of Buddhism in China. I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Tomoko Masuzawa, who has welcomed me in several of her graduate seminars, where this dissertation was conceived as a genealogy. -
Initial Insights Into the Age and Origin of the Kubuqi Sand Sea of Northern China
Geomorphology 259 (2016) 30–39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Initial insights into the age and origin of the Kubuqi sand sea of northern China Xiaoping Yang a,⁎, Steven Forman b,FangenHua, Deguo Zhang a,ZitingLiuc,HongweiLia a Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9825, Beijing 100029,China b Geoluminescence Dating Research Laboratory, Department of Geology, Baylor University, One Bear Place 97354, Waco, TX 76798, USA c School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China article info abstract Article history: The Kubuqi Desert is the only active sand sea in the semiarid regions of northern China and occurs along the Received 9 September 2015 southern margin of the Yellow River. Little is known about the age and origin of this large (17,000 km2) sand Received in revised form 2 February 2016 sea with a present annual precipitation of 200‐480 mm. Sand drift potentials indicated net capable winds for ae- Accepted 3 February 2016 olian transport are from the northwest, though winds are stronger to north beyond the dune field than within the Available online 4 February 2016 sand sea. Geomorphic and stratigraphic observations indicate that Holocene aeolian sand often drapes over bed- rock and river terraces as a palimpsest landscape. Field investigations identified four stratigraphic sections with Keywords: Aeolian record multiple aeolian sand units and palaeosols, with age control by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of Landform quartz grains. Palaeosols are weakly developed, mostly accumulative A horizon with organic carbon content b1% Surface process and reflect sand sheet deposition possibly in a steppe environment.