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Ó) î¦óŸ³ ô¢«í£ÙöËº G) vë]÷ ô¢«í£ÙöËº Anna, who was with Alexander at the time of his ú‡) íÆ£ªFòÅ¡NÙ#ì ú‡nAöËº è…) ví£î¦ï£° ú‡nAöËº arrest, was banished to his family estate in the vil- 108. àŸÙvë]ªEšíj ÚÁêŸ ûµ÷ªtCÞ¥ áô¢Þœè¯EÚ¨ Ú¥ô¢éÙ? lage of Kokushkino, about 40 km from Kazan. This event radicalized Lenin, and his official Soviet biog- Ó) î¦ê¦÷ô¢éÙ ö¶ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù raphies describe it as being central to the revolution- G) ÚÁ›úî¦üŒ‰x ö¶ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù ary track of his life. It is also significant, perhaps, that ú‡) Þœªô¢ªê¦yÚÛô¢{é ö¶ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù this emotional upheaval transpired in the same year è…) ÔD Ú¥ë]ª as that which saw him enroll at the Kazan State 109. àŸÙvë]ªEšíj ÷ªÙàŸªìª ÚÛìªÞ•û¶Ùë]ªÚÛª Ñë¶lPÙ#ì University. A famous painting by Belousov, "We Will óŸªÙvêŸ ÷u÷ú£nìª ÍÙCÙ#ì ë¶øŒÙ? Follow a Different Path,"reprinted in millions of Ó) ñö¶_JóŸ« G) ÍîµªJÚ¥ Soviet textbooks, depicted young Lenin and his ú‡) àµjû¦ è…) ÏCÇóµ«í‡óŸ« mother grieving the loss of his elder brother. The 110.áð§ûËÂ ë¶øŒÙ àŸÙvë]ªEšíj ví£óµ«TÙ#ì ÷«ì÷ ô¢ï‡°êŸ phrase "We will follow a different path" refers to Lenin’s choosing a Marxist approach to popular rev- ôÁë]P û®ÚÛ? olution, instead of anarchist or individualist methods. Ó) ÚÛÞœªóŸ« G) à¦ÙÞÂ Ð–1 As Lenin became interested in Marxism, he was ú‡) Ú•õÙGóŸ« è…) OªôÂ involved in student protests and was subsequently Read this Passage in English and answer the arrested. He was then expelled from Kazan Questions given below… University for his political ideas. He continued to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, and also known by the study independently, however, and it was during this pseudonyms Nikolai Lenin and N. Lenin, (April 22 period of exile that he first familiarized himself with [O.S. April 10] 1870 - January 21, 1924), was a Karl Marx’s Das Kapital. Lenin was later permitted to Russian revolutionary, a communist politician, the continue his studies, this time at the University of main leader of the October Revolution, the first head Saint Petersburg, and, by 1891, had been admitted of the Russian Soviet Socialist Republic and from to the Bar. 1922, the first de facto leader of the Soviet Union. He also distinguished himself in Latin and Greek, His contributions to Marxist theory are commonly and learned German, French and English. His referred to as Leninism. Born in Simbirsk,indiavidya.com Russian knowledge of the latter two languages was limited: Empire (now Ulyanovsk), Lenin was the son of Ilya he relied on Inessa Armand to translate an article Nikolaevich Ulyanov and Maria Alexandrovna into French and into English in 1917. In the same Ulyanova. His father was a successful Russian offi- year he also wrote to S. N. Ravich in Geneva "I am cial in public education who wanted democracy. The unable to lecture in French." family was of mixed ethnicity, his ancestry being Lenin practiced as a lawyer for some years in "Russian, Kalmyk, Jewish (see Blank family), Samara, a port on the Volga river, before moving to German, and Swedish, and possibly others" accord- St Petersburg in 1893. Rather than pursuing a legal ing to biographer Dmitri Volkogonov. Lenin was bap- career, he became increasingly involved in revolu- tized into the Russian Orthodox Church. tionary propaganda efforts, joining the local Marxist In 1886, Lenin’s father died of a cerebral hemor- group. On December 7, 1895, Lenin was arrested, rhage, and, in May 1887, when Lenin was 17 years held by authorities for fourteen months and then old, his eldest brother Alexander was arrested and released and exiled to the village of Shushenskoye hanged for participating in a terrorist bomb plot in Siberia, where he mingled with such notable threatening the life of Tsar Alexander III. His sister Marxists as Georgy Plekhanov, who had introduced

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socialism to Russia. In July 1898, Lenin married father? socialist activist Nadezhda Krupskaya and he pub- a) Cerebral Haemorrage lished the book The Development of Capitalism in b) he was hanged to death Russia in April of 1899. In 1900, his exile came to an c) he was shot dead end, and he began his travels throughout Russia d) dog bite and the rest of Europe. Lenin lived in Zurich, Geneva 113. What was the name of Lenin’s eldest brother? (where he lectured and studied at Geneva State a) Ulyanov b) Alexander University), Munich, Prague, Vienna, Manchester and London, and, during this time, he co-founded c) Ulyanova d) none the newspaper Iskra ("The Spark") with Julius 114. What does the phrase We will follow the differ- Martov, who later became a leading opponent. He ent path mean? also wrote several articles and books related to the a) The Marxist path b) The path of anarchy revolutionary movement, striving to recruit future c) The path of violence d) The path of salvation Social Democrats. He began using various aliases, 115. What was Lenin doing before shifting himself to finally settling upon ’Lenin’ - ’N. Lenin’ in full. St.Petersburg? Lenin was active in the Russian Social a) Practicing law b) Lazing it out Democratic Labor Party and, in 1903, led the c) Exiled d) enjoying married life Bolshevik faction after a split with the Mensheviks. The names ’Bolshevik’, or ’Majority’, and 116. Which was the village to which Lenin was ’Menshevik’, or ’Minority’, referred to the narrow out- exiled after his arrest in 1895. voting of the Mensheviks in the decision to limit party a) Shushenkoya b) Leningrad membership to revolutionary professionals, rather c) Moscow d) don’t know than including sympathizers. The division was 117. Who was Julius Martov? inspired partly by Lenin’s pamphlet What Is to Be a) Co-founder of Spark b) Lenin’s disciple Done? (1901-02), which focused on his revolution- c) Czar’s secret agent d) a abetrayor ary strategy. It is said to have been one of the most 118. Which was the party in which Lenin was active? influential pamphlets in pre-revolutionary Russia, a) Communist Party with Lenin himself claiming that three outindiavidya.com of five b) Social democratic labour party workers had either read it or had had it read to them.[6] In 1906, Lenin was elected to the Presidium c) Republican Party of the RSDLP - but, almost from then right up until d) Democratic party the revolutions of 1917, he spent the majority of his 119. What was the title of the pamphlet written by time exiled in Europe, where, despite a hard and bit- Lenin in 1901-02? ter existence, he managed to continue his political a) Revolution b) What is to be done writings. c) The traitors d)Bolesheviks are heroes. 111. What was Lenin’s contribution to the theory of 120. Which was the year in which the Russian Marxism called? revolution took place? a) Bolshevism b) Leninism a) 1919 b) 1917 c) 1921 d) 1857 c) Menshevism d) none 112. What was the cause of the death of Lenin’s

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CODE: xxxxxxxxxxxx ›íí£ôÂ – 3 Íìªî¦ë]Ù ú£÷ªóŸªÙ: ÞœÙåìoô¢ ÷«ô¢ª\õª: 75 Ð î¦ô¢hLo êµõªÞœªöËºÚ¨ Íìª÷CÙàŸÙè…. 3”25=75 ÷«ô¢ª\õª 1. CPI condemns Rice's statement on improved diet in India New Delhi, May 1 (PTI) The CPI today strongly criti- proportion of the population in India is actually well fed," cised US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice for he added. The Left leader said the recent Arjun attributing the global food crisis on improved diets of Sengupta committee report noted that about 80 per cent people in India and China, saying Americans were the of workers in the unorganised sector earn less than Rs highest consumers in the world. "Condoleezza Rice 20 a day. "Of course, Rice does not know this, but we says the reason for the food crisis in the world is that the know. That is why we are asking the Government that people of India and China have started eating more. But claims to work for the common man what is it doing for Americans are the highest consumers in the world," CPI them," Raja said. national secretary D Raja said here at a seminar. "Even Rice had said the "improvement in the diets of people in global warming, the US has the highest carbon emis- in India and China", forcing the governments there to sion rate in the world," he pointed out. Raja said the keep food "inside", is a cause for the current global sup- demand for food was going up in the country because ply shortage. the population was increasing. "The question is, who is eating this food. A very small

2. 12 killed in Lanka clashes

Colombo, May 1 (PTI) At least six rebels and an equal number of security personnel were killed in fierce clashes in the embattled northern Sri Lanka, officials said today. Two LTTE cadres were gunned down and 14 others injured when troops launched an attack to capture rebel bunkers in North Janakapura area yesterday, the Media Centre for National Security (MCNS) said. Two soldiers were also killed in the gunbattle, it said. A Tiger militant was killed at Vallipale area in Vavuniy yesterday while two soldiers also lost their lives when their tractor was hit by a mine in Panichchankulam in the region, officials said.Separately, two police officers of the Special Special Task Force (STF) at Kebithigollewa in North-central Sri Lanka were killed in a claymore mine explosion this morning, the Defence Ministry said. Two LTTE cadres were also killed in the incident, it said. At least one tigerindiavidya.com militant was killed in a clash with security forces in Muhamale in Jaffna peninsula yesterday, it said.

3. Sacking judges an act of tyranny, says Nawaz

Dubai, May 1 (PTI) Pakistan’s ruling coalition partners PPP and PML-N today made some progress in talks here to clinch a deal for reinstating deposed judges, as former premier Nawaz Sharif described their removal by President Pervez Musharraf as "an act of tyranny". With the 30-day deadline for restoring the judges expiring yesterday, senior leaders of the two parties, including Sharif and PPP co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari, are trying hard to sort out their differences on modalities. Some progress was made during the talks, but there were unresolved issues, Sharif said adding, he expects the negotia- tions to conclude today. The PML-N is insisting on restoration of judges by an executive order whereas the PPP is in favour of a constitutional package. "The restoration of judges should not be linked to any bill or any constitutional package," Sharif told reporters.

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