Ill 113: Chetham's School, the College

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Ill 113: Chetham’s School, the college precinct and the location of lost buildings documented in the 1650s. The portion of the college garden retained in 1654 by John Wigan and Geoffrey Elatson is shown in green. The parts of the precinct wall which are known or presumed to survive are shown in black. The surviving buildings of the medieval college are shown in light grey. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 114: Chetham’s School, the site of the southern ditch and probable eastern ditch. Areas of archaeological investigation are shown in pink. The course of the River Irk, after Green’s map of 1787-94, is shown in blue. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 115: Chetham’s School, the site of the early grammar school buildings and buildings associated with the House of Correction and poorhouse. Also shown are buildings on the west side of Hunt’s Bank and north side of Fennel Street, after Green’s map of 1797-84. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 116: Manchester Cathedral, the early extent of the churchyard and its surroundings, showing the sites of timber- framed buildings standing in the late 18th/early 19th century, and other buildings on the west and south after Green’s map of 1797-84. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 117: Manchester Cathedral, ‘contour’ plan of the extent of the churchyard as shown on maps and plans of 1787-94 (the pre-1819 boundary), 1849 and 1873, and the modern extent, established in 1895. Areas of archaeological investigation are shown in pink. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 118: Manchester Cathedral, Victoria (Cathedral) Arches (after Bullen & Partners1994) and the post-1830s churchyard. ‘A’ is the present entrance to the arches. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 119: Cathedral Yard/Cateaton Street, the line of Hanging Ditch known from archaeological investigations (shown in pink). Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 120: Exchange Square and the Triangle, the site of timber-framed buildings standing in the late 18th century, and the extent of buildings outside the footprint of the Triangle after Green’s map of 1797-84. Areas of archaeological investigation are shown in pink. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 122: Long Millgate/Urbis, the site of timber-framed and early brick/stone buildings standing in the late 18th and 19th centuries, the early features at Hurst Court, and the site of the corn mills and synagogue on the north side of Long Millgate. Also shown, in green, are the probable boundaries of burgage plots, after OS mapping of 1849. Scale 1:1000. Ordnance Survey. © Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Licence number 100049671.

Ill 123: Known locations of properties in the early medieval town (J Lloyd in Morris 1983).

Ill 124: Known locations of properties in the later medieval town (J Lloyd in Morris 1983).

Ill 125: Manchester Cathedral, from Cathedral Yard. This is probably the site of the Domesday church of St Mary. There was already a substantial 13th- and 14th-century church here, before rebuilding took place in the 15th and early 16th centuries in the Perpendicular style. The Cathedral was restored in the 19th century and again in the 20th century after bomb damage in 1940.

Ill 126: Looking west along Cathedral Yard, created in 1819 and 1895 from the southern edge of the medieval churchyard.

Ill 127: Looking along the medieval Hanging Bridge to the Cathedral. The bridge was built to give access to the church from the south across the natural obstacle of Hanging Ditch.

Ill 128: The north arch of Hanging Bridge. The present structure probably dates from the 15th century but a bridge was standing here in 1343 and possibly in the early 13th century.

Ill 129: The Wellington Inn and Sinclairs Oyster Bar, rebuilt in 1998-9 across the line of Hanging Ditch. Excavation on this site in 1997 produced the largest and finest collection of medieval finds from Manchester.

Ill 130: Exchange Square, looking along the curving line of the former Hanging Ditch thoroughfare. This street within the medieval town is believed to have been laid out along the line of an earlier defensive ditch.

Ill 131: Chetham’s School, the medieval college gatehouse on Long Millgate. The original site of Manchester Grammar School, founded in 1515, lay to the right. Compare Ills 41-3.

Ill 132: Chetham’s School, the medieval college buildings, erected in the 1420s and converted in the 1650s into Chetham’s Hospital and Library. The medieval manor house of Manchester previously stood on this site, itself the successor to a Norman castle.

Ill 133: The west precinct wall of the medieval college.

Ill 134: The arch at the base of the west precinct wall. This spanned a rock- cut ditch which may have formed part of the defences of the earlier castle.

Ill 135: The west precinct wall of the medieval college, beneath the brick wall of the 19th-century Palatine Building.

Ill 136: The east precinct wall of the medieval college now lies partly within an extension to the school’s Millgate Building.

Ill 137: Chetham’s School, the gateway on Fennel Street, built in 1837-9. From documentary evidence it is known that a second gatehouse of the medieval college stood in the foreground. At an earlier date a gatehouse leading into the manor house is believed to have been situated in this same area.

Ill 138: The stepped passageway between the medieval college (right) and New College House (left). This is documented as the line of a medieval ditch which may have defended the Norman castle.

Ill 139: Chetham’s School, the Fish Court, with a surviving section of the medieval precinct wall to the rear. This area lay on a rocky promontory above the confluence of the Irwell and Irk and may have been the core of the medieval castle.

Ill 140: The Fish Court from Victoria Street. This view can be compared with other illustrations from a similar point (Ills 20 & 30).

Ill 141: The 17th-century Hyde’s Cross, now in Chetham’s School, originally stood at the junction of Fennel Street, Hanging Bridge, Withy Grove and Toad Lane (Corporation Street).

Ill 142: Outcropping sandstone in the southernmost arch below Victoria Station Approach. This may have been one side of a channel at the north end of a continuous ditch running from the Irwell and Hanging Ditch to the Irk (courtesy of Matrix Archaeology).