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(Yellow Oleander) Seed Oil and Sus Domesticus (Pig) Lard
PREPARATION AND STUDIES OF BIODIESELS FROM THEVETIA PERUVIANA (YELLOW OLEANDER) SEED OIL AND SUS DOMESTICUS (PIG) LARD BY YAKUBU ALI DALLATU DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA. DECEMBER, 2015 PREPARATION AND STUDIES OF BIODIESELS FROM THEVETIA PERUVIANA (YELLOW OLEANDER) SEED OIL AND SUS DOMESTICUS (PIG) LARD BY Yakubu Ali DALLATU, B.Sc (Hons) CHEMISTRY(BUK) 1984; POSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN EDUCATION (ABU) 1988 ; M.Sc ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (ABU) 2000 Ph.D/SCIE/05687/2009-2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA. DECEMBER, 2015 ii Declaration I declare that the work in this Thesis entitled “Preparation and Studies of Biodiesels from Thevetia peruviana (Yellow Oleander) Seed Oil and Sus domesticus (Pig) Lard”, has been carried out by me in the Department of Chemistry. The information derived from the literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references provided. No part of this thesis was previously presented for another degree or diploma at this or any other Institution. Yakubu Ali DALLATU _____________________ _______________________ __________________ Name of Student Signature Date iii Dedication This research work is dedicated to my wife, Mrs. Rhoda Y. Dallatu and our children, Unomliyi, Alionom and Apemu for their patience, support and encouragement. iv Certification This thesis, entitled ―PREPARATION AND STUDIES OF BIODIESELS FROM THEVETIA PERUVIANA (YELLOW OLEANDER) SEED OIL AND SUS DOMESTICUS (PIG) LARD‖ by Yakubu Ali DALLATU meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Analytical Chemistry of the Ahmadu Bello University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. -
Chapter 3.3 Special Provisions Applicable to Certain Articles Or Substances
Chapter 3.3 Special provisions applicable to certain articles or substances 3.3.1 When Column (6) of Table A of Chapter 3.2 indicates that a special provision is relevant to a substance or article, the meaning and requirements of that special provision are as set forth below. 16 Samples of new or existing explosive substances or articles may be carried as directed by the competent authorities (see 2.2.1.1.3) for purposes including: testing, classification, research and development, qual- ity control, or as a commercial sample. Explosive samples which are not wetted or desensitized shall be limited to 10 kg in small packages as specified by the competent authorities. Explosive samples which are wetted or desensitized shall be limited to 25 kg. 23 Even though this substance has a flammability hazard, it only exhibits such hazard under extreme fire conditions in confined areas. 32 This substance is not subject to the requirements of RID when in any other form. 37 This substance is not subject to the requirements of RID when coated. 38 This substance is not subject to the requirements of RID when it contains not more than 0.1% calcium carbide. 39 This substance is not subject to the requirements of RID when it contains less than 30% or not less than 90% silicon. 43 When offered for carriage as pesticides, these substances shall be carried under the relevant pesticide entry and in accordance with the relevant pesticide provisions (see 2.2.61.1.10 to 2.2.61.1.11.2). 45 Antimony sulphides and oxides which contain not more than 0.5% of arsenic calculated on the total mass are not subject to the requirements of RID. -
Nutraceutical Profile of Selected Oils, Distillates and Butters
Asian J. Exp. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 2, 2014; 37-41 Nutraceutical Profile Of Selected Oils, Distillates And Butters RIPAL R. KHAMAR & Y. T. JASRAI Department of Botany, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract : The mixed tocopherol , phytosterol and sqalene were estimated in the oils and their deodorized distillate (remove of flavor) available in the India market and to know about the nutraceuticals value in respect with tocopherol (vitamin E), Phytosterol and squalene.The oils taken in the investigation were Amaranth oil, Avocado oil, Cashew nut shell oil, Castor oil, Coconut oil, Corn/Maize oil, Cottonseed oil, Cumin oil, Fish oil, Groundnut oil, Linseed oil, Mustard oil, Neem oil, Olive oil, Palm oil, Pomegranate seed oil, Psyllium seed oil, Rice bran oil, Safflower oil, Sesame oil, Soybean oil, Sunflower oil and Wheat germ oil. Avacado oil contains highest quantity of mixed tocopherol while the lowest % is found in coconut, cumin, flaxed seed , neem and pomegranate oils. Phytosterol was highest in Pumpkin seed oil and lowest in Sesame seed oil. Sqalene (precursor to cholesterol) was highest in Amaranth seed oil and Mango butter oils and lowest in Shea butter. In deodorised distillate, phytosterol was highest in Soya bean oil but lowest in Olive oil. However, Sqalene was highest in distillate of Olive oil and lowest in distillate of Groundnut oil.Punicic acid (polysaturated fatty acid) and sesamin (a lignin) were present in Palm oil, Pomegranate seed oil and Sesame oil raw and in distillates. KEYWORDS: Edible oil, Distillate, Butter, Nutraceutical profile, Tocopherol, Vitamin E INTRODUCTION: The present study has been deodorization (to remove off flavors), often abbreviated as undertaken to know the nutritional value of fatty acids in RBD. -
Influence of Free Fatty Acid Content in Biodiesel Production on Non-Edible Oils
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Universidade do Minho: RepositoriUM WASTES: Solutions, Treatments and Opportunities 1St International Conference September 12th – 14th 2011 INFLUENCE OF FREE FATTY ACID CONTENT IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION ON NON-EDIBLE OILS A. Ribeiro1, F. Castro2 and J. Carvalho3 1 CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization, [email protected]. 2 University of Minho/CT2M, fcastro@ dem.uminho.pt. 3 CVR – Centre for Waste Valorization/CT2M, [email protected] ABSTRACT The use of alternative feedstock as waste cooking oils (WCO) and bovine tallow for biodiesel production has some advantages. It is cheaper than edible vegetable oils and it is a way to valorize a sub-product. Nevertheless, these oils possess some contaminants, specially free fatty acid (FFA) content, which can reduce the quality and yield of biodiesel production. This problem was solved by testing different operating conditions and different transesterification procedure and equipments for each stage of processing. Technological assessment of process was carried out to evaluate their technical benefits, limitations and quality of final product. In this work biodiesel was produced by an alkali- catalyzed transesterification and by a two step esterification/alkali-catalysed transesterification in cases which FFA content has above 3%. Evaluation of quality from raw materials and final biodiesel was performed according to standard EN 14214. Results show that all parameters analyzed meet the standard and legislation requirements. This evidence proves that in those operational conditions the biodiesel produced from WCO and bovine tallow can substitute petroleum-based diesel. Keywords: Biodiesel; Free Fatty acid (FFA); Waste Cooking Oil (WCO); Bovine tallow INTRODUCTION Energy is the most fundamental requirement for human existence and activities. -
Potential of Chrozophora Tinctoria Seed Oil As a Biodiesel Resource
applied sciences Article Potential of Chrozophora tinctoria Seed Oil as a Biodiesel Resource Seyed Salar Hoseini 1, Gholamhassan Najafi 1,*, Armin Fattahpour Moazzez 1, Saeid Hazrati 2, Mohammad Taghi Ebadi 3 and Talal Yusaf 4,* 1 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran; [email protected] (S.S.H.); [email protected] (A.F.M.) 2 Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plants, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran; [email protected] 4 Department of Development, Aviation Australia, Brisbane 4007, Australia * Correspondence: g.najafi@modares.ac.ir (G.N.); [email protected] (T.Y.) Received: 30 March 2020; Accepted: 15 May 2020; Published: 18 May 2020 Featured Application: Produced biodiesel through this research work can be used as a suitable fuel source instead of petroleum-derived fuels. Abstract: Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that has been widely used in recent years. There are various resources used as biodiesel feedstocks, including animal fats, waste oils, and vegetable oils. In the present study, Chrozophora tinctoria seed oil is introduced as a new biodiesel feedstock. C. tinctoria is a weed and non-edible plant. So, the primary cost of this resource is very low, and hence it can be considered as a biodiesel source. This plant can also grow in most weather conditions. In the present study, the research team tried to produce biodiesel from C. tinctoria seeds through a transesterification reaction. To intensify the transesterification reaction, an ultrasonic device was used. -
A Sheffield Hallam University Thesis
Hydroboration of some organometallic systems. TOWERS, Christopher John. Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20447/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20447/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. Z S 2 S Z 0 8 0 Sheffield City Polytechnic Library REFERENCE ONLY R6297 ProQuest Number: 10701093 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10701093 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 HYDROBORATION OF SOME ORGANOMETALLIC SYSTEMS CHRISTOPHER JOHN TOWERS A thesis submitted to the Council for National Academic Awards in partial fulfilment of the requirement for Ph.D. -
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Seed Oil Plants of North-East India: a Review
Review Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of seed oil plants of North-East India: A review Priyanka Saha1, Anupam Das Talukdar1*, Sanjoy Singh Ningthoujam1,2, Manabendra Dutta Choudhury1, Deepa Nath1,3, Lutfun Nahar4, Satyajit Dey Sarker4, Norazah Basar4,5 1Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; 2Department of Botany, Ghanapriya Women’s College, Imphal, Manipur, India; 3Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Karimganj College, Karimganj-788710. Assam India; 4Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Apart from being used as food, seed oils have also been used traditionally as medicinal products by several communities. However, the full medicinal potential of many seed oil plants is yet to be properly reviewed, particularly for their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. North-East India has rich resources of seed oil plants. The availability of detailed information on these plants is quite limited. This review aims to explore and evaluate these seed oil plants of the North-East India with particular emphasis on their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as chemical compositions. A comprehensive literature search on seed oil plants of this region has been performed. Seed oil yielding plants of this region can be categorized into two categories: plants that are used traditionally as sources of edible or medicinal oils and plants that are used for purposes other than as sources of oils. Many seed oil plants of this region have been reported to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, and to produce various types of compounds. -
An Investigation Into the Synthesis and Characterisation of Metal
An Investigation into the Synthesis and Characterisation of Metal Borohydrides for Hydrogen Storage by Daniel Thomas Reed A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Metallurgy and Materials College of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Birmingham October 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. SYNOPSIS With relatively high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities, borohydride compounds are being investigated for their potential use as hydrogen storage media. A study has been made into the mechanical milling of metal chlorides with sodium borohydride to try to form homoleptic borohydrides. Various characterisation techniques have been used to characterise the composition and microstructure of the samples, and to monitor in-situ the thermal decomposition processes. It was found that rather than homoleptic borohydrides (such as Zn(BH4)2 or Mg(BH4)2), complex borohydrides of the form AM2(BH4)5 and AM(BH4)3 (where A = Li or Na and M = Zn, Mg or Ca) tend to form. Mechanical milling of zinc chloride with sodium borohydride resulted in the formation of a covalent complex NaZn2(BH4)5. -
Esolvent-Free, Enzyme-Catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Mango, Neem, and Shea Oils Via Response Surface Methodology
Nde et al. AMB Expr (2015) 5:83 DOI 10.1186/s13568-015-0172-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access ESolvent‑free, enzyme‑catalyzed biodiesel production from mango, neem, and shea oils via response surface methodology Divine Bup Nde1,2*, Carlos Astete1 and Dorin Boldor1 Abstract Mango, neem and shea kernels produce non-conventional oils whose potentials are not fully exploited. To give an added value to these oils, they were transesterified into biodiesel in a solvent-free system using immobilized enzyme lipozyme from Mucor miehei. The Doehlert experimental design was used to evaluate the methyl ester (ME) yields as influenced by enzyme concentration—EC, temperature—T, added water content—AWC, and reaction time—RT. Biodiesel yields were quantified by 1H NMR spectroscopy and subsequently modeled by a second order polynomial equation with interactions. Lipozyme enzymes were more tolerant to high temperatures in neem and shea oils reaction media compared to that of mango oil. The optimum reaction conditions EC, T, AWC, and RT assuring near complete conversion were as follows: mango oil 7.25 %, 36.6 °C, 10.9 %, 36.4 h; neem oil EC 7.19 %, T 45.7 °C, AWC 8.43 %, RT 25.08 h; and shea oil EC 4.43 %, T 45.65 °C, AWC 6.21 % and RT = 25.08 h. Validation= experiments= of these= optimum conditions gave= ME yields= of 98.1 1.0, 98.5= 1.6 and 99.3= 0.4 % for mango, neem and shea oils, respectively, which all met ASTM biodiesel standards.± ± ± Keywords: Biodiesel, Enzyme, Mango, Methyl esters, Neem, Shea Introduction completely exhausted. -
6Casas-Mango Kernels.Pmd
SCIENCE DILIMAN (JULY-DECEMBER 2015) 27:2, 41-75 EV Casas et al. Optimizing Microwave-assisted Crude Butter Extraction from Carabao Mango (Mangifera indica) Kernels Edgardo V. Casas* University of the Philippines Los Baños Von Jansen G. Comedia University of the Philippines Los Baños Arni G. Gilbuena University of the Philippines Los Baños Ateneo de Manila University Kevin F. Yaptenco University of the Philippines Los Baños ABSTRACT Carabao mangoes are among the highly produced fruit crops in the Philippines. The processing and consumption of carabao mangoes leave a significant amount of waste seeds. Mango kernel butter extracted from waste seed kernels is a potential additive to cosmetic products or as a cocoa butter substitute. This study determined the pretreatment conditions that produce optimum yield prior to the mechanical extraction of the crude butter. Moreover, this study provided a general sensory evaluation of the finished product. Microwave power (160, 500, and 850 W), microwave exposure time (2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 min), and size levels (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mm) were tested for their effects on the yield of the mechanically extracted crude butter in wet basis percentage. The optimization procedures resulted to optimum pretreatment conditions of 160 W, 4.25 min, and 1.5 mm. Size level was the most significant factor in the crude butter yield. Sensory evaluation of the crude butter extracted at optimum pretreatment conditions through acceptance test by a test panel resulted to below neutral scores in visual appearance and odor, _______________ *Corresponding Author ISSN 0115-7809 Print / ISSN 2012-0818 Online 41 Optimizing Microwave-assisted Crude Butter Extraction and above neutral score in texture, indicating the potential of mango butter as a good substitute to cocoa butter in cosmetic products. -
Dgp/23-Wp/27 国 际 民 用 航 空 组 织 15/8/11 工 作 文 件
DGP/23-WP/27 国 际 民 用 航 空 组 织 15/8/11 工 作 文 件 危险物品专家组（DGP） 第二十三次会议 2011年10月11日至21日，蒙特利尔 议程项目3: 拟定对《危险物品安全航空运输技术细则补篇》（Doc 9284SU号文件）的修订建 议，以便纳入2013年—2014年版 对第3类至第9类危险物品信息的修改 (由 J. McLaughlin提交) 概要 本文件建议修改技术细则补篇中关于第3类至第9类危险物品的规定。 危险物品专家组的行动：请危险物品专家组考虑召集一个工作组，在危 险物品专家组第23次会议期间开会。工作组的目的是向危险物品专家组提供 一份关于处理补篇中第3类至第9类危险物品事项的最后提案，供其通过。危 险物品专家组第23次会议期间所作修改将可纳入下一版补篇当中。 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The DGP Working Group of the Whole Meeting in Abu Dhabi (DGP-WG/10, 7 to 11 November 2010) began efforts to review and update Classes 3-9 dangerous goods in the Supplement to the Technical Instructions during this bienniuum (DGP/23-WP/2, paragraph 3.3.3 refers). This work involved a systematic review of how similar materials and articles are applied in the Supplement. The time and input of those panel members who participated in the numerous emails and discussions on this issue has been greatly appreciated. 1.2 In order to complete this effort, it is proposed that a working group meeting take place during DGP/23. This working paper offers the following material intended to facilitate discussion: Appendix A ⎯ Classes 3-9 Dangerous Goods List: Sorted by division for discussion purposes only, the information within this table has been reviewed for consistency with the UN Model Regulations. Appendix B ⎯ General Packing Requirements: Taken from the Technical Instructions, applicable to Classes 3-9 dangerous goods. （24 页） C1102602 - 2 - Appendix C ⎯ Summary Sheet: For Classes 3-9 dangerous goods, an outline by classes and divisions of quantities limits assigned. This can assist the working group in discussions and in arriving at final determinations. This information is not proposed for inclusion in the Supplement, however, the DGP may wish to consider information similar to the comprehensive summary offered in DGP/23-WP/73 as a basis for information presented in the guiding principles. -
Draft Chemicals (Management and Safety) Rules, 20Xx
Draft Chemicals (Management and Safety) Rules, 20xx In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), and in supersession of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 and the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996, except things done or omitted to be done before such supersession, the Central Government hereby makes the following Rules relating to the management and safety of chemicals, namely: 1. Short Title and Commencement (1) These Rules may be called the Chemicals (Management and Safety) Rules, 20xx. (2) These Rules shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette. Chapter I Definitions, Objectives and Scope 2. Definitions (1) In these Rules, unless the context otherwise requires (a) “Act” means the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) as amended from time to time; (b) “Article” means any object whose function is determined by its shape, surface or design to a greater degree than its chemical composition; (c) “Authorised Representative” means a natural or juristic person in India who is authorised by a foreign Manufacturer under Rule 6(2); (d) “Chemical Accident” means an accident involving a sudden or unintended occurrence while handling any Hazardous Chemical, resulting in exposure (continuous, intermittent or repeated) to the Hazardous Chemical causing death or injury to any person or damage to any property, but does not include an accident by reason only