Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys

Held June 3-7, 2012 at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA

Edited by Hasso Weiland Anthony D. Rollett William A. Cassada Editors Has so Weiland Anthony D. Rollett William A. Cassada

ISBN 978-3-319-48225-5 ISBN 978-3-319-48761-8 ( eBook) DOl I 0.1007/978-3-3 19-48761-8

Chemistry and Materials Science: Professional

Copyright © 2016 by The Minerals, Metals, & Materials Society Published by Springer International Publishers, Switzerland, 2016 Reprint of the original edition published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012, 978-1-11845-804-4

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This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse II, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface ICAA is the premier global conference for exchanging emerging knowledge on the structure and properties of aluminum materials, providing academic enrichment for attendees, and nurturing the advancement of aluminum application development worldwide. The 13th International Conference on Aluminum and its Alloys (ICAA-13) was held June 3 - 7, 2012, at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the birthplace of the modern aluminum industry. This meeting discussed the most critical and strongly growing subject areas in aluminum materials science and technology. It brought together more than 400 experts from 37 countries to discuss the past, present, and the future – as bright as ever - of aluminum innovation. ICAA-13 was held at a time when aluminum is enjoying increasing use to create sustainable products that address global trends. Researchers from the industrial, national laboratory, and university communities discussed the latest scientific breakthroughs and technological developments, and focused on: s 4HE SCIENCE OF ALUMINUM ALLOY DESIGN FOR A RANGE OF MARKET APPLICATIONS s 4HE ACCURATE PREDICTION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES s .OVEL ALUMINUM PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES FOR MONOLITHIC AND MULTI MATERIAL SOLUTIONS s %MERGING DEVELOPMENTS IN RECYCLING

The technical program contained ten symposia that covered a wide range of aluminum topics, and in- cluded: Solidification and Casting, Phase Transformations, Thermo-Mechanical Treatment, Forming AND *OINING &ATIGUE AND &RACTURE 4OUGHNESS #ORROSION AND #OATINGS .OVEL -ATERIALS 2ECYCLING !DVANCED !NALYSIS AND )NTEGRATED #OMPUTATIONAL -ATERIALS %NGINEERING

Hasso Weiland, Alcoa William A.Cassada, Alcoa Anthony D. Rollett, CMU About the Conference Editors/Organizers

Dr. Hasso Weiland is Technical Fellow at the Alcoa Technical Center in Pittsburgh, PA. His exper- tise is in microstructure characterization and fundamental aspects of plastic deformation and recrys- tallization of aluminum alloys. After a MS in Physics on phase transformations in the Al-Mn system at the University of Clausthal, Germany, he completed his Ph.D. work in Physical Metallurgy on microtexture analysis tools and their applications to dual-phase steels at the University of Clausthal. Later, he completed a Habilitation at the same university on recrystallization of aluminum alloys. Currently, he is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University. He has over 100 publications as archival journal papers, confer- ence and workshop proceedings, and technical reports. He has given over 50 invited and contributed presentations in various types of meetings.

Dr. Anthony Rollett has been a Professor of Materials Science & Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University since 1995. Previously, he worked for the University of California at the Los Alamos Na- tional Laboratory (1979-2005). He spent ten years in management with five years as a Group Leader (and then Deputy Division Director) at Los Alamos, followed by five years as Department Head at CMU (1995-2000). He has a research group of about ten students. The main focus of his research is on the measurement and prediction of microstructural evolution especially in three dimensions. Prof. Rollett’s honors include an Award for Technology Transfer from the Federal Laboratories Consortium in 1989, Fellow of ASM-International in 1996, Fellow of the Institute of Physics (UK) in 2004, the Howe Medal (Best Paper in Metallurgical & Materials Transactions) in 2004, Fellow of TMS in 2011, and Chercheur d’Excellence (Outstanding Researcher) at the University of Lorraine, Metz, France in 2012. He was the Chair of the International Conference on Texture (ICOTOM-15), which was held on campus at CMU June 2-6, 2008 and is a member of its International Scientific Committee. He is the Chair of the International Committee of the conference on Grain Growth and Recrystallization that is held every three years; the next meeting will be in Sydney, Australia in 2013. He is a co-author of the texture analysis package popLA, and the polycrystal plasticity code, LApp; he is also a contributor to the well-known textbook Texture & Anisotropy edited by Kocks, Tomé and Wenk. He an author on over 130 scholarly articles, many of which have been cited frequently in the literature. Dr. William Cassada is currently a Director at the Alcoa Technical Center where he leads Alcoa efforts to identify and access emerging technology supporting the long term business needs of the company. Dr. Cassada joined Alcoa in 2000 during the company’s acquisition of Reynolds Metal Company and was appointed to lead the Alloy Product and Process Development Division at the Alcoa Technical Center. In 2002, he was named Alcoa’s Director of Research and Applied Engi- neering and managed a diverse portfolio of R&D projects in aluminum alloy product and processing technologies, materials science and applied chemistry resulting in many new product launches and manufacturing improvements. He began his career as a chemist at Reynolds Metals Metallurgical Research Laboratory in the surface technology and metal finishing group. Dr. Cassada earned a doctorate and master’s degree in materials science from the University of Virginia and a bachelor’s of science degree in chemistry from the University of Richmond. He has authored more than 20 technical papers in peer reviewed journals receiving numerous citations. Additionally, he has been awarded 14 U.S. patents as inventor or co-inventor. Dr. Cassada is a member of The Metallurgical Society, The Mineral, Metals & Materials Society, The American Chemical Society, and Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society. Dr. Cassada is a member of the International Committee of the In- ternational Conference on Aluminum Alloys, a Chairperson of ICAA13, and he served as an editor for the ICAA7 in 2000. Technical Program Chairs

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Dr. William Cassada Director Research Alcoa Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA Dr. Joseph Robson Lecturer School of Materials, Manchester University, UK Professor Juergen Hirsch Senior Scientist Hydro Aluminium R&D, Bonn, Germany Professor Knut Marthinsen Professor Norwegian University of Science & Technology, Trondheim, Norway Professor Barry Muddle Professor Monash University, Clayton, Australia

Dr. Ashim Kumar Mukhopadhyay Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India Professor Warren Poole Professor University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Professor Tatsuo Sato Professor Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Christophe Sigli Senior Scientist CONSTELLIUM, Centre de Recherches de Voreppe, France Professor Birgit Skrotzki Division Head Federal Institute for Materials Research & Testing, Berlin, Germany Dr. Hideo Yoshida Senior Research Fellow Sumitomo Light Metal Industries, Ltd., Nagoya, Japan Dr. Mark Gallerneault Technical Director Novelis, Kingston, Canada

Professor Qing Liu Vice-President Chongqing University, China

Professor Alexis Deschamps Professor SIMAP/Phelma – Domaine Universitaire (Grenoble) TABLE OF CONTENTS ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys

Preface ...... xxiii About the Editors and Conference Organizers ...... xxv Technical Program Chairs ...... xxvii ICAA International Committee ...... xxix

ICAA13: 13th International Conference on Aluminum Alloys

Advanced Analysis

Aberration-Corrected STEM Study of Precipitates in an Al-Mg-Si-Ge-Cu Alloy ...... 3 R. Bjørge, S. Andersen, C. Marioara, J. Etheridge, and R. Holmestad

Diffraction-Amalgamated Grain-Boundary Tracking (DAGT) Technique and Its Application to an Aluminium Alloy ...... 9 D. LeClere, H. Toda, M. Kobayashi, T. Kamiko, Y. Suzuki, A. Takeuchi, K. Uesugi, and Y. Mizuseki

Effect of Composition and Pre-ageing on the Natural Ageing and Paint-baking Behaviour of Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 15 P. Rometsch, S. Gao, and M. Couper

Improvement in the Characterization of the 2099 Al-Li Alloy by Fe-SEM ...... 23 R. Gauvin, N. Brodusch, M. Brochu, M. Trudeau, P. Michaud, L. Rodrigue, and J. Boselli

Towards New Aluminium Alloys through Advances in Atom Probe Microscopy ...... 29 L. Viskari, G. Sha, and S. Ringer

Nano-scale Characterization of Al-Mg Nanocrystalline Alloys ...... 31 E. Harvey, and L. Ladani

Muon Spin Relaxation and Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Studies of Natural Aging in Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 37 S. Wenner, K. Matsuda, K. Nishimura, J. Banhart, T. Matsuzaki, D. Tomono, F. Pratt, M. Liu, Y. Yan, C. Marioara, and R. Holmestad

Monitoring Precipitation during Rapid Quenching of Aluminium Alloys by Calorimetric Reheating Experiments ...... 43 O. Kessler, D. Zohrabyan, B. Milkereit, and C. Schick

Hydrogen Depth-Profiling and Desorption Kinetics in Rapidly Solidified Al-Fe Alloys ...... 49 I. Tashlykova-Bushkevich, and G. Itoh

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Microstructure in Cast Aluminium Piston Alloys ...... 55 T. Mbuya, I. Sinclair, K. Soady, and P. Reed

Dislocation Density Changes in Ultrafine-Grain Aluminum during Tensile Deformation ...... 61 H. Adachi, Y. Miyajima, N. Tsuji, A. Shibata, and D. Terada

v Casting

Study on DC Casting Process of Three-Layer Composite Ingots of 4045/3004/4045 Aluminum Alloys ...... 69 J. Cui, H. Zhang, H. Jiang, and K. Qin

Study on Electromagnet-Air Knife DC Casting Process of Large-Size AA 7055 Aluminum Alloys ...... 77 H. Zhang, H. Nagaumi, and J. Cui

Development of Large-size Ultrasonic Sonotrodes for Cavitation Treatment of Molten Metals ...... 85 S. Komarov, and Y. Ishiwata

Microstructural Evolution in Intensive Melt Sheared Direct-Chill Cast Aluminium Alloys ...... 91 S. Jones, A. Prasada Rao, J. Patel, G. Scamans, and Z. Fan

The Grain Refinement of 7050 Alloy Using Al-5Ti-1B and Al-3Ti-0.15C Grain Refiners ...... 97 S. Guo, G. Xue, K. Ma, and H. Nagaumi

Grain Refining Potency of LaB6 on Aluminum Alloy ...... 105 P. Li, W. Tian, D. Wang, and X. Liu

The Good Grain Refining Performance of a New Kind of Al-Ti-C-B Master Alloy ...... 113 J. Nie, X. Ma, H. Ding, and X. Liu

Assessment of the Al-Ni-Mn-Fe-Si-Zr Phase Diagram for New-Generation Heat-Resistant Casting Aluminum Alloys ...... 123 N. Belov, and A. Alabin

The Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Electrical Conductivity of AlSi7Mg and AlSi10Mg Aluminum Cast Alloys ...... 129 P. Uliasz, T. Knych, M. Piwowarska, and J. Wiechec

The Effect of Nickel on the Thermal Conductivity of Al-Si Cast Alloys ...... 137 F. Stadler, H. Antrekowitsch, W. Fragner, H. Kaufmann, and P. Uggowitzer

Production of Single Cylinder Engine Piston through Vacuum Die Casting in Sedi Enugu ...... 143 E. Nwonye, and C. Nwajagu

Fatigue Behavior in Rheocast Aluminum 357 Suspension Arms Using the SEED Process ...... 151 E. Samuel, C. Zheng, A. Bouaicha, and M. Bouazara

Single Roll Caster to Cast Aluminum Alloy Strip ...... 157 T. Haga, S. Kumai, H. Watari, K. Akitsu, and K. Kamakura

Roll Caster to Cast Clad Strip ...... 163 T. Haga, S. Kumai, H. Watari, H. Tsuge, and T. Ishihar

Tests of Heat Treatment Conditions of AlZr0.22 Alloy Produced using the Continuous Casting Method ...... 169 M. Piwowarska, T. Knych, and P. Uliasz

Investigation on the Evolution of the Microstructure during Homogenization in Thin Al Sheets ...... 177 I. Peter, and M. Rosso

Investigation of Acoustic Streaming in Aluminum Melts Exposed to High-Intensity Ultrasonic Irradiation ...... 183 S. Komarov, Y. Ishiwata, and Y. Takeda

vi Fabrication of Aluminum Alloy-Based Diamond Grinding Wheel by the Centrifugal Mixed-Powder Method For Novel Machining Technology of CFRP ...... 189 T. Kunimine, M. Yamada, H. Sato, and Y. Watanabe

Preparation of Al-Sc Master Alloy by Aluminothermic Reaction with Special Molten Salt ...... 195 C. Xu, X. Liu, F. Ma, Z. Wang, W. Wang, and C. Ma

In situ Synthesis of Al/TiC Composites by Combustion Reaction in an Al Melt ...... 201 Y. Cho, J. Lee, H. Kim, J. Kim, and S. Kim

Effects of Electroslag Refining on Removal of Iron Impurity and Alumina Inclusions from Aluminum ...... 207 J. Wang, C. Chen, and B. Sun

Aging Behavior of Flexcast® Al-Mg Alloys with Sc and Zr Additions ...... 213 M. Sohi, N. Singh, C. Sinclair, W. Poole, and M. Gallerneault

Electromagnetic Continuous Casting of Free-Shape Aluminum Billet ...... 219 M. Kim, J. Park, J. Kim, and G. Lee

Effect of Mn on the Interaction between Die Casting Steel and Al Alloy ...... 225 S. Choi, Y. Kim, C. Kim, J. Cho, C. Kang, Y. Kim, and S. Hong

Limitation of Shrinkage Porosity in Aluminum Rotor Die Casting ...... 231 Y. Kim, S. Choi, C. Kim, J. Cho, S. Lee, and C. Kang

The Effect of Alloying Elements on Thermal Conductivity and Casting Characteristic in High Pressure Die Casting of Aluminum Alloy ...... 237 C. Kim, J. Cho, S. Choi, Y. Kim, and C. Kang

Coating and Surfaces

Initial Studies of 6082 Aluminium Thin Films ...... 245 J. Holmestad, Ø. Dahl, S. Andersen, O. Reiso, R. Holmestad, and J. Walmsley

Finite Element Simulation of Shot Peening: Prediction of Residual Stresses and Surface Roughness ...... 251 A. Gariepy, C. Perron, P. Bocher, and M. Lévesque

The Potential of the Cold Spray Process for the Repair and Manufacture of Aluminium Alloy Parts ...... 257 T. Marrocco, and D. Harvey

Computational Metallurgy: ICME

Utilisation of Atom Probe Data to Model Precipitation and Strengthening in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy During Natural Ageing and Early-Stage Artificial Ageing ...... 267 D. Tomus, P. Rometsch, M. Couper, C. Davies, and L. Cao

Ab Initio Simulations of Vacancy-Solute Clusters in Al-Mg-Si and Al-Zn-Mg Alloys ...... 273 P. Lang, P. Mohn, A. Falahati, and E. Kozeschnik

The Role of the Si Network to the Stabilization of Hardening Precipitates in the Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) Alloy System ..... 279 F. Ehlers, S. Wenner, S. Andersen, C. Marioara, and R. Holmestad

Residual Stress Analysis in AA7449 As-Quenched Thick Plates Using Neutrons and Fe Modelling ...... 285 N. Chobaut, J. Repper, T. Pirling, D. Carron, and J. Drezet

vii A Through Process Model for AA3xxx Aluminum Alloys ...... 293 W. Poole, M. Wells, and N. Parson

Modeling the Recrystallization Textures in Particle Containing Al Alloys after Various Rolling Reductions ...... 299 J. Sidor, R. Petrov, L. Kestens, and K. Decroos

TCAL1 and MOBAL2 - The Development and Validation of New Thermodynamic and Mobility Databases for Aluminium Alloys ...... 305 P. Mason, A. Markstrom, Y. Du, S. Liu, L. Zhang, L. Kjellqvist, J. Bratberg, A. Engstrom, and Q. Chen

Advances in Aluminium ICME ...... 311 J. Hirsch

Numerical Simulation of Flat Rolling Practices ...... 319 Y. Shi, P. Wu, and M. Gallerneault

Modelling the Effect of Room Temperature Storage and Deformation on the Age-Hardening Behavior of Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 325 C. Schäfer, O. Myhr, Z. Liang, H. Brinkman, O. Engler, J. Hirsch, C. Chang, and J. Banhart

Evaluation of the Quenching Sensitivity of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Aluminum Alloys by Mole Fraction of Equilibrium Phases ...... 331 B. Nie, P. Liu, T. Zhou, and Y. Xie

Modelling Grain Deformation during Extrusion of AA3003 using the Finite Element Method ...... 337 Y. Mahmoodkhani, M. Wells, L. Grajales, W. Poole, and N. Parson

Experience of Developing and Introduction in Industry New Primary and Secondary Al-Alloys with Given Properties for Shape Casting ...... 343 V. Zolotorevskiy

Corrosion

Application of Microelectrochemical Methods for Understanding Localized Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum Alloys ...... 351 R. Buchheit, and N. Birbilis

Precipitation of the ȕ-phase and Corrosion Behavior of an Al-6.8 wt.% Mg Alloy ...... 363 M. Popovic, T. Radetic, and E. Romhanji

Testing the Corrosion Behavior of Plated Aluminum Strips for Heat Exchangers Operating in the Automotive Industry ...... 371 M. Nowak, M. Opyrchal, A. Klyszewski, and J. Zelechowski

Corrosion Protection of Light Alloys using Low Pressure Cold Spray ...... 377 D. Dzhurinskiy, R. Maev, V. Leshchynsky, and E. Strumban

Crystallographic Orientation Dependence of Corrosion Behavior of 5N Purity Aluminum in Different Concentrations of HCl Aqueous Solutions ...... 391 Y. Takayama, M. Sato, and H. Watanabe

Corrosion Fatigue Mechanism on Hot-Forged AA6082 Aluminum Alloy ...... 397 N. Saleema, P. Gauthier, and X. Chen

viii Corrosion Inhibition of Stress Corrosion Cracking and Localized Corrosion of Turbo-Expander Materials ...... 405 B. Bavarian, J. Zhang, and L. Reiner

Corrosion Characteristics of an Al-1.78%Si-13.29%Mg Alloy in Chloride Solutions ...... 417 M. Pech-Canul, R. Giridharagopal, M. Pech-Canul, and E. Coral-Escobar

Corrosion Performance of New Generation Aluminum-Lithium Alloys for Aerospace Applications ...... 425 J. Moran, F. Bovard, J. Chrzan, and P. Vandenburgh

Comparison of Corrosion Performance and Mechanisms of Al-Cu Alloys with and without Li Addition ...... 431 C. Henon, and S. Rouault

The Effect of Stress in Age-forming on Corrosion Behavior of High-strength Aluminum Alloy ...... 437 J. Chen, G. Frankel, C. Xu, G. Li, Z. Lu, and L. Zhen

Corrosion and Potentiostatic Polarization of an Al-Cu-Li Alloy under Tensile Stress ...... 443 J. Li, and Z. Zheng

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Structure on the Corrosion Resistance of Plated Aluminium Alloy Strips ...... 451 A. Klyszewski, J. Zelechowski, M. Opyrchal, M. Nowak, A. Frontczak, and P. Rutecki

Fatigue and Fracture Toughness

Effect of Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Material Properties on the Efficiency of Aircraft Structures...... 461 H. Schmidt, and B. Schmidt-Brandecker

About the Challenge in Determing the Cyclic Material Behaviour of Aluminium Alloys for the Numerical Fatigue Analyses...... 471 R. Wagener, C. Fischer, A. Frohm, and H. Kaufmann

A Microstructure Based Multi-Site Crack Growth Model ...... 479 J. Brockenbrough, H. Weiland, and J. Fridy

Short Fatigue Crack Growth Micromechanisms in a Cast Aluminium Piston Alloy ...... 485 T. Mbuya, J. Crump, I. Sinclair, K. Soady, R. Thomson, and P. Reed

Fatigue Life of Ablation Cast 6061-T6 Components...... 491 M. Tiryakioglu, J. Campbell, and P. Eason

Mechanical Properties of Heat Exchanger Tube Materials at Elevated Temperatures ...... 499 S. Kahl, J. Zajac, and H. Ekström

Fatigue Behavior and Damage Monitoring of Ultrasonic Welded Hybrid Joints ...... 505 F. Balle, S. Huxhold, G. Wagner, and D. Eifler

Fatigue Resistance of Al-Cu-Li and Comparison with 7xxx Aerospace Alloys ...... 511 A. Daniélou, J. Ehrström, J. Ronxin, and C. Nardin

Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of 2099-T83 Extrusions in Two Different Environments ...... 517 F. Tchitembo Goma, D. Larouche, A. Bois-Brochu, C. Blais, J. Boselli, and M. Brochu

Influence of Microstructure on the Fretting Resistance of Al-Cu-Li Alloys ...... 523 J. Delacroix, S. Cazottes, A. Danielou, S. Fouvry, and J. Buffiere

Al-Li-Cu-Mg-(Ag) Products for Lower Wing Skin Applications ...... 529 L. Karabin, G. Bray, R. Rioja, and G. Venema ix Development of High Toughness Sheet and Extruded Products for Airplane Fuselage Structures...... 535 P. Magnusen, D. Mooy, L. Yocum, and R. Rioja

Expanding the Availability of Lightweight Aluminum Alloy Armor Plate Procured from Detailed Military Specifications ...... 541 K. Doherty, R. Squillacioti, B. Cheeseman, B. Placzankis, and D. Gallardy

Threshold Stress of A3003 Alloy ...... 547 M. Ando, Y. Suzuki, and G. Itoh

Ultrasonic Fatigue of SiC Particle Reinforced Aluminum in the VHCF Regime...... 553 G. Wagner, D. Eifler, and M. Wolf

Influence of Strain Hardening on Rheological Properties of AlMgSi Wires ...... 559 B. Smyrak, T. Knych, and K. Korzen

Origin of Ductile Fracture in Aluminum Alloys ...... 565 H. Toda, H. Oogo, H. Tsuruta, K. Horikawa, K. Uesugi, A. Takeuchi, Y. Suzuki, and M. Kobayashi

Damage Tolerance Applied to the Design of Mid-Size Aircraft ...... 571 C. Chaves

The Metallurgy of High Fracture Toughness Aluminum-Based Plate Products for Aircraft Internal Structure ...... 581 J. Boselli, G. Bray, R. Rioja, D. Mooy, G. Venema, G. Feyen, and W. Wang

The Evolution of Plate and Extruded Products with High Strength and Fracture Toughness ...... 587 D. Denzer, R. Rioja, G. Bray, G. Venema, and E. Colvin

Lighter and Stiffer Materials for Use in Space Vehicles ...... 593 R. Rioja, D. Denzer, D. Mooy, and G. Venema

Research on the High-cycle Fatigue and Crack Initiation Behavior of AA7449 Alloy ...... 599 Z. Zheng, S. Zhong, S. Li, and J. Li

Forming and Joining

Vehicle Lightweighting: Challenges and Opportunities with Aluminum ...... 609 A. Sachdev, R. Mishra, A. Mahato, and A. Alpas

Correlation of Fracture Behavior with Microstructure in Friction Stir Welded, and Spin-formed Al-Li 2195 Domes ...... 623 W. Tayon, M. Domack, and S. Hales

Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructure Stability of FSW Butt Joints after Thermal Treatments ...... 629 E. Cerri, and P. Leo

Microhardness Profile and Microstructure Characterization in Friction Stir Processing Zone of the Aged and Solid Solution Treated 7075 Aluminum Alloys ...... 637 Z. Zhou, S. Chen, and Q. Liu

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds Using AA6061-T6 and AZ31 Plates ...... 643 K. Lee, S. Kim, H. Son, and K. Woo

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy/Stainless Steel Lap Joints .... 647 T. Ogura, T. Nishida, H. Nishida, S. Yoshikawa, T. Yoshida, N. Omichi, M. Fujimoto, and A. Hirose x The Effect of the Variation of Microstructure in the Friction Stir Welded Zone on the Strain and Tensile Properties of Al2139 ...... 653 T. Sano, J. Yu, R. Chen, and C. Yen

Hardening Potential of an Al-Cu-Li Friction Stir Weld ...... 659 R. Ivanov, J. Boselli, D. Denzer, R. Gauvin, and M. Brochu

Material Testing and Modeling of Aluminum Alloy Sheet in Support of Forming Simulations ...... 665 T. Kuwabara, K. Yoshida, and D. Yanaga

Evaluation of the Ring Compression Test for the Parameter Determination of Extended Friction Models ...... 675 D. Horwatitsch, A. Merstallinger, and K. Steinhoff

Finite Element Peen Forming Simulation ...... 681 A. Gariepy, S. Larose, C. Perron, P. Bocher, and M. Lévesque

The Influence of Alloy Composition on the Microstructure, Tensile Ductility and Formability of 6xxx Alloys ...... 687 H. Zhong, P. Rometsch, and Y. Estrin

Accelerated Post-Weld Natural Ageing in Ultrasonic Welding Aluminium 6111-T4 Automotive Sheet ...... 693 P. Prangnell, and Y. Chen

Limitations of M-K Based Forming Limit Diagrams ...... 699 M. Mohammadi, K. Inal, and R. Mishra

Influence of Forming Conditions to Springback in V-bending Process Using Servo Press ...... 705 S. Abe, and S. Takahashi

Anisotropy and Forming Limit Diagram Comparison of DC and CC 5xxx O Temper Aluminum Alloy Sheets ..... 711 X. Wen, Y. Liu, S. Ningileri, and T. Zhai

Comparison of Localized Deformation in Crystal Plasticity Based Finite Element Simulations between Experimentally Measured and Statistically Generated Three-Dimensional Microstructures for the Aluminum Alloy 5754 ...... 717 J. Rossiter, A. Brahme, K. Inal, and R. Mishra

Path Independent Polar Effective Plastic Strain (PEPS) Diagram for Sheet Forming ...... 723 J. Yoon, and T. Stoughton

Effect of Impact Compression on the Age-Hardening of Rapidly Solidified Al-Zn-Mg Base Alloys ...... 731 K. Horikawa, and H. Kobayashi

Fatigue and Creep Properties of Al-Si Brazing Filler Metals ...... 737 M. Edo, M. Enomoto, and Y. Takayama

Effect of Additional Elements of Al-Si Filler Alloy on Flowability and Clearance Fillability ...... 743 M. Edo, M. Yoshino, and S. Kuroda

Influence of Erosion Phenomenon on Flow Behavior of Liquid Al-Si Filler Between Brazed Components ...... 749 T. Izumi, and T. Ueda

Effects of Plate Thickness and Projection Shape on the Microstructure and Strength of High-Speed Solid-State Joined 2024 Alloy Studs and 5052 Alloy Plates ...... 755 S. Kumai, K. Hayashida, and K. Takaya

Interfacial Reaction during Dissimilar Joining of Aluminum Alloy to Magnesium and Titanium Alloys ...... 761 J. Robson, C. Zhang, A. Panteli, D. Baptiste, E. Cai, and P. Prangnell

xi Joining of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Stud to AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Extruded Plate by Advanced High-Speed Solid- State Method ...... 771 Y. Harada, Y. Sada, and S. Kumai

Interface Structure and Bonding in Rapid Dissimilar FSSW of Al to Steel Automotive Sheet ...... 777 P. Prangnell, and Y. Chen

Effect of Additional Element on Hybrid Laser Weldability in Al-Mn Alloys ...... 783 K. Suzuki, H. Hori, K. Kanamori, K. Mizushima, J. Kinoshita, and T. Murata

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Formation Manner of Characteristic Wavy Morphology in Impact Welded Similar- and Dissimilar-Metal Plates ...... 789 Y. Sawa, S. Kakizaki, and S. Kumai

Influences on Arc Stability in Welding of Aluminum Pin-Structures ...... 795 L. Wittwer, N. Jank, A. Becirovic, A. Waldhör, and N. Enzinger

Multiscale Characterization and Mechanical Modelling of an Al-Zn-Mg Electron Beam Weld ...... 801 Q. Puydt, A. Deschamps, G. Parry, S. Flouriot, S. Ringeval, and F. DeGeuser

High Temperature Deformation Behavior of a 6N01 Aluminum Alloy Extrusion with a Seam Weld ...... 807 S. Yasuda, K. Atsuta, S. Wakaguri, K. Ichitani, and A. Hibino

Simulation of Local Material Properties during Laser Beam Welding of Aluminum-Titanium Compounds ...... 813 A. Barr, M. Hunkel, and A. von Hehl

Changes in Microstructure During High Strain Rate Superplastic Deformation of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloy Containing Sc ...... 819 A. Mukhopadhyay, K. Prasad, A. Kumar, S. Raveendra, and I. Samajdar

Investigation of Superplasticity in Aluminum Alloy 5083 ...... 825 S. Zhao, R. Qayyume, H. Diao, C. Ma, Y. Wang, and X. Wu

Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Property of Al-4.35Cu-1.53Mg Alloy during Creep Age Forming Process ...... 831 S. Wang, J. Jiang, K. Zhang, J. Chen, and L. Zhen

New Analysis of Solute Drag in AA5754 by Precise Determination of Point Defect Generation and the Orowan Relation ...... 837 B. Diak, A. Penlington, and S. Saimoto

The Influence of Microstructure and Composition on the Machinability of Al-Si Alloys ...... 843 Y. Zedan, A. Samuel, F. Samuel, and S. Alkahtani

Modeling of Transients as a Response to Changes in Strain-Path of Commercially Pure Aluminium ...... 849 T. Manik, B. Holmedal, and O. Hopperstad

A New Crystal Plasticity Based Constitutive Model Incorporating Backstress for FCC Polycrystals ...... 855 A. Brahme, R. Mishra, and K. Inal

Numerical Analysis of Surface Roughening and Necking in Aluminum Alloy Tubes Under Internal Pressure ...... 861 Y. Shi, P. Wu, and D. Lloyd

Polycrystal-Plasticity Simulation of Roping in AA6xxx Automotive Sheet Alloys...... 867 O. Engler, C. Schäfer, and H. Brinkman

xxi Properties of Free-Machining Aluminum Alloys at Elevated Temperatures ...... 873 J. Faltus, M. Karlik, and P. Hausild

Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloys at Cryogenic and Ambient Temperatures...... 879 A. Mogucheva, D. Zhemchuzhnikova, and R. Kaibyshev

Manufacturing Challenges for Aluminum Sheet in the Automotive Industry ...... 885 S. Hartfield-Wunsch, and J. Hall

Thermal Modeling and Die Design Tools for Warm Forming Applications ...... 891 N. Harrison, and G. Luckey

Buckling of Aluminium Sheet Components ...... 897 V. Hegadekatte, Y. Shi, and D. Nardini

Predicting Hot Deformation of AA5182 Sheet ...... 903 J. Lee, A. Carpenter, J. Jodlowski, and E. Taleff

Examination of Buckling Behavior of Thin-Walled Al-Mg-Si Alloy Extrusions ...... 909 A. Vazdirvanidis, I. Koumarioti, G. Pantazopoulos, A. Rikos, A. Toulfatzis, P. Kostazos, and D. Manolakos

Crystal Plasticity Calculations of Mechanical Anisotropy of Aluminium Compared to Experiments and to Yield Criterion Fittings...... 915 K. Zhang, B. Holmedal, T. Manik, and Q. Zhao

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Electron Beam Welds in a Spray-Deposited Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy ...... 921 F. Wang, Y. Zuo, B. Xiong, Y. Zhang, Z. Li, H. Liu, and X. Li

Characterization of Damage Mechanisms during Bending of 6xxx Aluminium Automotive Sheets ...... 927 L. Mattei, D. Daniel, G. Guiglionda, and H. Klocker

Heat Treatment of Welded Joints Made on 7020 Alloy with the AlMg5 Alloy ...... 933 W. Szymanski, M. Lech-Grega, S. Boczkal, and A. Klyszewski

Development of Age-Hardening Technology for Ultrafine-Grained Al-Li-Cu Alloys Fabricated by High-Pressure Torsion ...... 939 H. Motoshima, S. Hirosawa, S. Lee, Z. Horita, K. Matsuda, and D. Terada

Tailored Welding Technique for High Strength Al-Cu Alloy for Higher Mechanical Properties ...... 945 N. Biradar, and R. Raman

Distinguishing Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) in Aluminum and Single Phase Alloys ...... 951 H. McQueen

Novel Materials

Strain Hardening, Strain Softening and the Portevin-Le Chatelier Effect in Cryomilled, Ultrafine Grained AA 5083 ...... 959 E. Lavernia, and T. Topping

Fabrication of Nanostructural Aluminum Alloy Powder with Ball Milling Method ...... 969 H. Yang, R. Zheng, Y. Yuan, X. Hao, D. Wu, and C. Ma

Magnetic, Structural and Mechanical Behavior of Transitional Bulk Nanostructured Al Alloy ...... 975 R. Hegde, and A. Surendranathan xxii Production of Aluminum-Based Nano-Intermetallics by High-Pressure Torsion ...... 985 K. Edalati, and Z. Horita

Novel Cold Spray Nanostructured Aluminum ...... 993 V. Champagne, M. Trexler, Y. Sohn, and G. Kim

Self-Propagating Foaming Process of Al-Ti Reactive Precursor for Fabricating Long Scale Porous Materials ...... 999 M. Kobashi, and N. Kanetake

ALUHAB the Superior Aluminium Foam ...... 1005 N. Babcsán, S. Beke, P. Makk, P. Soki, G. Számel, H. Degischer, and R. Mokso

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al-Al2O3 Composites Processed by Disk-HPT and Ring-HPT ..... 1011 M. Ashida, and Z. Horita

Powder Metallurgy of High Strength Al90.4Gd4.4Ni4.3Co0.9 Gas-atomized Powder ...... 1017 K. Prashanth, K. Surreddi, S. Scudino, Z. Wang, D. Sordelet, J. Eckert, and S. Khoshkhoo

Advanced Class of FML on the Base Al-Li Alloy 1441 with Lower Density ...... 1023 V. Antipov, O. Senatorova, and N. Lukina

Solute Distribution and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-Fine-Grained Al-Mg Alloys ...... 1033 R. Karnesky, N. Yang, C. SanMarchi, T. Topping, Z. Zhang, Y. Li, and E. Lavernia

Age-hardening Behavior of MgB2 Particle Dispersed Al Alloy Composite Materials ...... 1039 C. Kawamoto, K. Matsuda, S. Murakami, D. Tokai, T. Kawabata, Y. Uetani, and S. Ikeno

Production of the Al3Ti Foam by Microwave Heating ...... 1043 T. Yamamoto, M. Kobashi, and N. Kanetake

Phase Transformations

Nanocluster Formation Behavior in Al-Zn-Mg Alloys with Microalloying Elements and Improved Mechanical Properties ...... 1051 T. Sato, and T. Ogura

Effects of Microalloying Elements (Cu, Ag) on Nanocluster Formation and Age-Hardening Behavior in Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 1057 J. Kim, C. Marioara, R. Holmestad, E. Kobayashi, and T. Sato

Effect of Low Cu Amounts and Pre-Deformation on the Precipitation in Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 1063 T. Saito, S. Muraishi, C. Marioara, and R. Holmestad

High Resolution Characterization of the Precipitation Behavior of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy ...... 1069 Y. Li, L. Kovarik, P. Phillips, Y. Hsu, W. Wang, and M. Mills

Precipitation Process in a High Mg to Cu Ratio Al-Mg-Cu-Ge Alloy ...... 1075 J. Xia, G. Sha, Z. Chen, and S. Ringer

Investigations on the Precipitation in Monocrystalline Al-Mg-Si Model Alloy by Small Angle Neutron Scattering ...... 1083 C. Chang, A. Heinemann, C. Dewhurst, Z. Liang, and J. Banhart

Prediction of the Influence of Si Content on the Aging Behavior of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloys by Thermodynamic Modeling...... 1089 Y. Ji, H. Zhong, P. Hu, F. Guo, and H. Nagaumi xxiii Continuous Heating Dissolution Diagrams of Aluminum Alloys ...... 1095 B. Milkereit, J. Osten, C. Schick, and O. Kessler

Dynamic Room Temperature Precipitation during Cyclic Deformation of an Al-Zn-Mg Alloy ...... 1101 C. Hutchinson, F. De Geuser, and A. Deschamps

Effects of Pre-Aging Condition on Multi-Step Aging Behavior in Al-Mg-Si Alloy ...... 1107 Y. Takaki, T. Masuda, E. Kobayashi, and T. Sato

Hardening Response to Rapid Aging Processes and Precipitation in Al-7%Si-0.3%Mg Alloy ...... 1113 H. Liao, Y. Wu, and K. Ding

Thermodynamics of Al3 Nano-Clusters in an Aluminum Solid Solution ...... 1119 C. Sigli, and J. Lépinoux

The Effect of Cu and Cr on Clustering and Precipitation in Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 1125 Z. Liang, C. Chang, J. Banhart, and J. Hirsch

Influence of Mg and Si on Cluster Formation in Al-Mg-Si Alloys Studied by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy ...... 1131 M. Liu, Y. Yan, Z. Liang, C. Chang, and J. Banhart

Microstructural Characterization of Flexcast® Al-Mg Alloys with Sc and Zr Additions ...... 1139 D. Kang, M. Sohi, H. Mousavi, N. Singh, and M. Gallerneault

Precipitation in Al-Cu-Li Alloys: from the Kinetics of T1 Phase Precipitation to Microstructure Development in Friction Stir Welds ...... 1145 A. Deschamps, F. DeGeuser, and B. Malard

Quantitative Description of the T1 Morphology and Strengthening Mechanisms in an Age-hardenable Al-Li-Cu Alloy ...... 1155 T. Dorin, A. Dechamps, F. DeGeuser, and M. Weyland

Orientation Relationship of Dispersoids Precipitated in an AA3xxx Alloy during Annealing at Low Temperatures ...... 1161 A. Muggerud, Y. Li, and R. Holmestad

Hf-Containing Precipitates in Al-Si-Mg-Hf Alloy during Heat Treatments at 400°C-560°C ...... 1167 Z. Jia, Z. Chen, L. Arnberg, P. Asholt, Q. Liu, and G. Huang

Ageing Hardening and Precipitation of the 7A60 Alloys during Cooling Aging ...... 1173 Y. Liu, D. Jiang, and G. Wu

Precipitation Morphology in Al-Mg-Si-Sc-Zr Hot-Rolled Sheet ...... 1181 K. Ikeda, R. Akiyoshi, T. Takashita, M. Mitsuhara, S. Hata, H. Nakashima, K. Yamada, and K. Kaneko

The Effect of Natural Aging on Quench Sensitivity in Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 1187 K. Strobel, M. Easton, L. Sweet, and N. Parson

An Isothermal Calorimetry Technique for Measurement of C-Curves in AA6xxx Alloys ...... 1193 L. Colley, N. Singh, and C. Bezençon

Influence of Chemical Composition on Aging Property of 7204 Aluminum Alloy ...... 1199 T. Minoda, and H. Yoshida

xxiv Transforming of the Morphology of Iron Phases in Aluminum Alloys ...... 1205 V. Cheverikin, V. Zolotorevskiy, and A. Khvan

Effects of Microalloying with Sn on the Precipitation Process of Al-3.5Cu-0.4Mg(wt%) Alloy ...... 1209 J. Shu, Z. Chen, and J. Zhang

Effect of Fe Content on the Transformation of Ferrous Phases in 6XXX Alloys during Homogenizing Annealing ...... 1217 P. Bryantsev, and M. Samoshina

Evolution of Nanometer Subjected to Overaging Treatment and Warm Deformation ...... 1223 Y. Lang, H. Cui, Y. Cai, and J. Zhang

Precipitation Morphology and Tensile Properties of Al-0.62Mg-0.32Si Alloy Aged at Low Temperature ...... 1229 R. Akiyoshi, K. Ikeda, M. Mitsuhara, S. Hata, H. Nakashima, K. Takata, M. Saga, K. Ushioda, K. Kaneko, and M. Kikuchi

Microstructural Change and Mechanical Properties with Isochronal Aging in Al-Ni-Gd Metallic Glasses ...... 1235 H. Kato, S. Hirosawa, K. Matsuda, and G. Shiflet

Age-Hardening Behavior of Al-Mg2Si Alloys with Different Mn or Fe Contents ...... 1241 S. Wang, S. Chen, T. Kawabata, S. Ikeno, H. Takagi, K. Kawakita, and K. Matsuda

The Features of Phase Composition and Microstructure of Eutectic Piston Silumins AlSi12CuMgNi and AlSi12Cu2MgNi ...... 1245 M. Samoshina, and N. Belov

TEM Observation of Precipitates in Ag-Added Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 1251 T. Nagai, K. Matsuda, T. Kawabata, J. Nakamura, C. Marioara, S. Andersen, R. Holmestad, S. Hirosawa, Z. Horita, D. Terada, and S. Ikeno

Effect of Ag and Cu Contents on the Age Hardening Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg Alloys ...... 1255 K. Watanabe, T. Kawabata, S. Ikeno, T. Yoshida, S. Murakami, and K. Matsuda

Effect of Cu or Ag Addition on Tensile Deformation in Al-Zn-Mg Alloys ...... 1259 N. Miura, K. Watanabe, T. Kawabata, Y. Uetani, S. Ikeno, T. Yoshida, S. Murakami, and K. Matsuda

HRTEM Observation of Precipitation in Cu and Ag Added Al-Mg-Si Alloys ...... 1263 M. Tokuda, K. Matsuda, T. Nagai, T. Kawabata, J. Nakamura, and S. Ikeno

Effect of Cu or Ag Addition on Two-step Aging Al-Mg-Si Alloy ...... 1267 Y. Oe, K. Matsuda, M. Tokuda, T. Nagai, T. Kawabata, S. Ikeno, and S. Ikeno

Effect of Cold-Rolling on Age Hardening in Excess Mg-type Al-Mg-Si Alloys Including Some Minor Elements ...... 1271 Y. Ogawa, K. Matsuda, T. Kawabata, Y. Uetani, and S. Ikeno

Effect of Transition Metals on The Age-hardening Behavior of Al-Mg-Ge Alloys ...... 1275 K. Matsuura, K. Matsuda, T. Murakami, T. Kawabata, Y. Uetani, and S. Ikeno

TEM Observation of Precipitates in Al-Mg-Ge Alloys with Different Mg2Ge Contents ...... 1279 T. Murakami, K. Matsuda, T. Kawabata, and S. Ikeno

Effect of Quenching Condition on Aging of Dilute Al-Ag Alloy ...... 1283 T. Kanadani, K. Nakagawa, A. Sakakibara, K. Murakami, and M. Hino

xxv Influence of Silicon Addition on Precipitation Behavior in an Al-Cu-Mg Alloy ...... 1289 X. Li, B. Xiong, Y. Zhang, F. Wang, Y. Zeng, Z. Li, B. Zhu, and H. Liu

X-ray Diffraction Study on Lattice Constant of Supersaturated Solid Solution for Al Based Binary Alloys and Selected Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys ...... 1295 Z. Li, B. Xiong, Y. Zhang, X. Li, B. Zhu, H. Liu, F. Want, and P. Li Recycling

Exploring Property Based Aluminum Specifications ...... 1303 N. Gada, and G. Gaustad

Emerging Development in Al-Alloy Recycling For Nontraditional Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Processing ...... 1309 B. Rabeeh

Reuse of Al Dross as an Engineered Product ...... 1315 C. Dai, and D. Apelian

Separation of Inclusion Particles from Liquid Metal by Electromagnetic Force ...... 1321 S. Shimasaki, K. Takahashi, Y. Kanno, and S. Taniguchi

The Influence of Pyrolythic Reactions on the the Aluminium Dross Formation during the Twin Chamber Remelting Process ...... 1327 B. Jaroni, B. Flerus, G. Rombach, and B. Friedrich

Turbulent Coagulation of Solid Particles in Molten Aluminium-Kinetics of Cluster Formation ...... 1337 T. LI, S. Shimasaki, S. Taniguchi, and K. Uesugi

Purification Using High Pressure Molten Aluminum ...... 1343 V. Sample, and W. Cassada

Recycling of Aluminum Alloy with DIMOX and Rheocasting Functionalize High Performance Structural Foam Composite ...... 1349 B. Rabeeh

Solidification

,W¶V1RW

Aluminum Monolithic Alloy and Multi-Alloy Cast Using Planar Solidification Approach ...... 1367 M. Chu, A. Giron, and W. Cassada

The Effect of Planar Solidification on Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloy Plate ...... 1377 T. Hosch, M. Chu, G. Feyen, R. Rioja, and W. Cassada

Functional Gradient Products Enabled by Planar Solidification Technologies ...... 1383 R. Rioja, R. Sawtell, M. Chu, M. Karabin, and W. Cassada

Role of Solute and Transition Metals in Grain Refinement of Aluminum Alloys under Ultrasonic Melt Treatment ...... 1389 L. Zhang, D. Eskin, A. Miroux, and L. Katgerman

Melt Conditioned Casting of Aluminum Alloys ...... 1395 G. Scamans, Z. Fan, and H. Li

xxvi Impact Toughness Enhancement of Melt Treated Al-Si-Mg Cast Alloy ...... 1401 A. Mohamed, F. Samuel, and S. Alkahtani

Intermetallic Phase Formation in TP1 and DC Cast Billet of an AA 6063 Al Alloy ...... 1413 A. Verma, S. Kumar, P. Grant, and K. O'Reilly

The Interdependence Model: An Improved Predictor of Grain Size ...... 1419 D. StJohn, M. Easton, and M. Qian

Analysis of Dendritic Primary Al Grain Ripening and Solid Fraction Measurement in A356 Alloy Semi-Solid Slurry Using Segregation Sensitive Reagent ...... 1425 L. Gao, Y. Harada, and S. Kumai

Microstructure Development and Control in Hypereutectic Cast Al-Si Alloy Evaluated by Metallurgical Analysis and Neutron Diffraction ...... 1431 W. Kasprzak, D. Sediako, H. Kurita, and M. Aniolek

Semi-Solid Forming of A356 Al Alloy by Rapid Slurry Forming Process ...... 1441 S. Sharma, A. Sharma, and S. Kumar

Influence of the Fe Content, Mn/Fe Ratio and Cooling Rate on the Modification Process of Fe Intermetallic Compounds in Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys ...... 1451 Z. Zhang, E. Kobayashi, H. Tezuka, and T. Sato

Effect of Oxide Level on Pore Formation in A356 Alloy by X-Ray Imaging and Direcctional Solidification Technology ...... 1457 H. Liao, W. Song, Q. Wang, L. Zhao, and R. Fan

Microstructure of 3003/4045 Aluminum Alloy Clad Strip Fabricated by Vertical Type Tandem Twin Roll Caster ...... 1463 R. Nakamura, T. Haga, Y. Harada, and S. Kumai

Rapid Solidification of a New Generation Aluminum-Lithium Alloy via Electrospark Deposition ...... 1469 D. Heard, J. Boselli, R. Gauvin, and M. Brochu

The Influence of Cu on Eutectic Nucleation and Morphology in Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys ...... 1475 A. Darlapudi, M. Felberbaum, A. Dahle, and R. Mathiesen

Primary Cooling Heat Transfer during the Direct-Chill Casting of Aluminum Alloy AA6111 ...... 1483 E. Caron, A. Baserinia, R. Pelayo, D. Weckman, and M. Wells

The Relationship between Dendrite Arm Spacing and Cooling Rate of Al-Si Casting Alloys in High Pressure Die Casting ...... 1493 J. Cho, C. Kim, Y. Kim, S. Choi, and C. Kang

Thermo-mechanical Treatment

Characterization of Metal Flow in Metals Processing by a Combined Approach using Advanced Experimental Grid Pattern Techniques Coupled with FE-analysis ...... 1501 H. Valberg

Research and Development of High-Strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys ...... 1515 R. Vakhromov, V. Antipov, and E. Tkachenko

Effect of Alloy Elements on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties in Al-Mg-Si Alloy ...... 1521 Y. Kato, K. Hisayuki, M. Sakaguchi, and K. Higashi xxvii Dispersion Hardening Effect of Dispersoids in 3xxx Al Alloys With Varying Manganese and Silicon Contents ...... 1527 E. Mørtsell, A. Muggerud, Y. Li, and R. Holmestad

Effect of Hot Extrusion Conditions on the Microstructure of AA3003 ...... 1533 L. Grajales, W. Poole, Y. Mahmoodkhani, M. Wells, and N. Parson

Effect of Iron and Silicon on Strength and Electrical Resistivity of Al-Zr Wire Alloys ...... 1539 A. Alabin, and N. Belov

Influence of the Chemical Composition on the Structure and Properties of Lead-Free Machinable AA6023 (Al-Mg-Si-Sn-Bi) Alloy ...... 1545 -)DOWXV0.DUOLNDQG3+DXãLOG

Homogenisation of 6xxx Alloy Ingots with an Addition of Vanadium ...... 1551 M. Lech-Grega, W. Szymanski, M. Bigaj, and M. Gawlik

Hot Extrusion of Aluminum Chips ...... 1559 A. Tekkaya, V. Güley, M. Haase, and A. Jäger

3-Dimensional Microstructure of Al-Al3Ti Alloy Severely Deformed by ECAP ...... 1575 H. Sato, T. Hishikawa, Y. Makino, T. Kunimine, and Y. Watanabe

Abnormal Recrystallization Behavior of High Purity Aluminum Foil ...... 1581 G. Huang, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, and Q. Liu

Effect of Annealing Condition on Earing and Texture Formation in Cold Rolled AA5182 Aluminum Alloy ...... 1587 M. Okada, and S. Hirano

Effect of Quenching Wait Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-extruded AA6063 Alloy .... 1593 Y. Wu, H. Liao, and J. Yang

Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Homogenized 7150 Aluminum Alloys Micro-Alloyed with Zr and V ...... 1599 C. Shi, and X. Chen

Orientation Effects in the Particle Stimulated Nucleation of Recrystallization ...... 1607 L. Ko, and J. QuintaDaFonseca

Structural Evolution in Aluminium Alloy AA 6082 during HPT Deformation at Increased Temperature ...... 1613 J. Zrnik, L. Kraus, S. Scheriau, and R. Pippan

Advances in Aluminum Mold Block for Plastic Injection Molding Operations ...... 1621 J. Kim, R. Smierciak, Y. Shin, and L. Cooper

Metalworking of a Spherical Particle Reinforced Aluminum Composite ...... 1629 W. Harrigan

Properties, Microstructure and Hot Deformation Behavior of Different Al-Zn-Mg (Zr) Alloys...... 1635 P. Leo, M. Hugh, E. Cerri, and S. Spigarelli

Super High Strength Aluminum Alloy Processed by Mechanical Alloying and Hot Extrusion ...... 1643 R. Zheng, H. Yang, Z. Wang, S. Wen, T. Liu, and C. Ma

A System for Continuous Extrusion Using High Pressure Molten Metal...... 1649 V. Sample, R. Chabal, V. Paola, and D. Robosky

xxviii Visualization of Material Flow in Friction Extrusion ...... 1659 T. Reynolds, X. Li, and W. Tang

High-Pressure Torsion for Microstructure Control in Binary Al-Fe Alloys with Different States of Fe-Containing Phases ...... 1665 J. Cubero-Sesin, and Z. Horita

Process Analysis of the Co-Extrusion of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys ...... 1671 N. Grittner, B. Striewe, C. Klose, A. von Hehl, M. Schaper, H. Zoch, F. Bach, and D. Dietrich

Rheo-Extrusion of Hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg-Fe Alloy ...... 1679 Y. Uetani, N. Mori, M. Dohi, K. Matsuda, and S. Ikeno

Simultaneous Improvement of Strength and Ductility in Al-Ag Alloys Processed by High-Pressure Torsion and Aging ...... 1685 S. Lee, and Z. Horita

Microstructural and Mechanical Evolutions during the Forging Step of the COBAPRESS, a Casting/Forging Process ...... 1691 F. Perrier, C. Desrayaud, and V. Bouvier

The Bonding Behavior of Co-Extruded Aluminum-Titanium-Compounds ...... 1697 B. Striewe, M. Hunkel, A. von Hehl, and N. Grittner

The Effect of Heat Treatment Technology on Mechanical Properties of Al/Al Alloys Multilayer Sheet Fabricated by Hot Roll Bonding ...... 1705 Z. Chen, Q. Chen, Q. Liu, and K. Nyirenda

Orientation Dependent Subgrain Growth During Isothermal Annealing of High-Purity Aluminum ...... 1713 S. Bunkholt, K. Marthinsen, and E. Nes

Effect of Nickel Variation and Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Properties in Aluminum Alloy Fin Stock for Heat Exchanger...... 1719 S. Kang, D. Kim, and J. Cho

A Study of the Influence of Plastic Pre Strain in Different Directions before Aging of Extruded and Hydro Formed Material on the Mechanical Properties of AA6063 ...... 1727 S. Johansson, and J. Kanesund

Characterization of the Artificial Aging Behavior and Formability of a High Strength EN AW-6016 at Different Heat Treatment Conditions Used for Automotive Applications ...... 1735 R. Prillhofer, J. Berneder, D. Uffelmann, P. Schulz, C. Melzer, and J. Enser

Low Work Hardening And Its Mitigation In Ultra-Fine Grained Al Alloys ...... 1741 H. Jin, M. Gallerneault, and D. Lloyd

The Influence of Initial Microstructure on the Recrystallization Behaviour of Cold-rolled AA3003 ...... 1747 P. Babaghorbani, W. Poole, M. Wells, and N. Parson

Mechanical Properties of Multilayer 1100/7075 Aluminum Sheet Produced by Hot ARB ...... 1753 K. Nyirenda, Z. Chen, Q. Chen, and Q. Liu

Examining the Mechanisms of Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) in Two-Phase Al Alloys ...... 1761 H. McQueen

xxix Mechanical Characterization of Bimodal Grain Size Aluminum 5083 under Various Test Conditions ...... 1767 A. Magee, and L. Ladani

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy Subjected to Extensive Cold Rolling ...... 1773 A. Mogucheva, E. Babich, and R. Kaibyshev

Microstructure, Mechanical and Electrical Properties Evolution during Cold Rolling of Different 1xxxx Series Aluminium after Continuous Casting ...... 1779 T. Knych, A. Kawecki, G. Kiesiewicz, P. Kwasniewski, A. Mamala, B. Smyrak, and W. Sciezor

Modeling of Work-Hardening in an Age-hardenable AA7108 Aluminum Alloy ...... 1785 I. Westermann, O. Hopperstad, O. Myhr, K. Marthinsen, and B. Holmedal

A Study of the Influence of Strain Hardening and Precipitation Hardening Sequence on Mechanical Properties of AlMgSi Conductor Alloys...... 1791 B. Smyrak, T. Knych, A. Mamala, K. Korzen, and P. Osuch

Characterization of Pre-Aged AA6061-T6 Sheet Material for Aerospace Applications ...... 1797 J. Berneder, R. Prillhofer, P. Schulz, and C. Melzer

Controlled Quenching of Aluminum Alloys in Flexible Spray Fields...... 1803 A. Rose, S. Schuettenberg, N. Hornig, A. von Hehl, and U. Fritsching

Effect of Coarse Particles on Work Hardening in the Al-Mn Alloy ...... 1811 S. Iwamura, and K. Ogawa

Precipitation Behavior of Dispersoids in Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn-Cr Alloy during Homogenization Annealing ...... 1817 Y. Han, K. Ma, C. Wang, and H. Nagaumi

Effect of Si Additions on Solid Solution Hardening of Al-Mn Alloys ...... 1825 Q. Zhao, and B. Holmedal

Effects of Deformation Texture Intensities and Precipitates on the Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloy 2099 T83 Extrusions ...... 1831 A. Bois-Brochu, C. Blais, F. TchitemboGoma, D. Larouche, J. Boselli, and M. Brochu

Evolution in Microchemistry and its Effect on Deformation and Annealing Behavior of an AlMnFeSi-Alloy ...... 1837 N. Wang, J. Flatøy, Y. Li, and K. Marthinsen

Influence of Process Fluctuations on Weld Seam Properties in Aluminum Alloy Extrusion ...... 1843 M. Engelhardt, N. Grittner, C. Klose, and F. Bach

Evolution of Fragmented Fe-intermetallic Compounds in the Semi-Solid State of Al-Mg-Si-Fe Alloys by Deformation Semi-Solid Forming Process ...... 1851 C. Phongphisutthinan, H. Tezuka, E. Kobayashi, and T. Sato

Identification and Distribution of Fe Intermetallic Phases in AA5657 DC Cast Ingots ...... 1857 Z. Zhang, G. Li, and X. Chen

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA2195 DC Cast Ingot Plates ...... 1865 E. Elgallad, A. Hekmat-Ardakan, F. Ajersch, and X. Chen

Threshold Deformation for Exhibiting the Hardening on Annealing Behavior in AA3103 Alloy ...... 1873 N. Govindaraj, and B. Holmedal

xxx A Study of the Microstructure, Crystallographic Texture, and Recrystallization in AA4006 Alloy Strips Produced by Twin Roll Caster and Direct Chill Processes ...... 1881 R. Fernandes, F. Souza, A. Padilha, R. Plaut, and N. Lima

Effect of Extensive Rolling on Mechanical Properties of an A-Mg-Sc Alloy ...... 1891 A. Mogucheva, A. Dubyna, and R. Kaibyshev

The Effects of Transition Elements on the Control of Recrystallization of Al-Zn-Mg Extrusion ...... 1897 Y. Miyata, and S. Yoshihara

Author Index ...... 1902

Subject Index ...... 1909

xxxi