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Kursk, 70 Anys De La Gran Batalla Dels Carros De Combat

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Kursk, 70 Anys De La Gran Batalla Dels Carros De Combat Cultura i Mitjans | Quico Sallés | Actualitzat el 01/09/2013 a les 19:00 Kursk, 70 anys de la gran batalla dels carros de combat El 23 d'agost de 1943, el replegament nazi atorgava a l'exèrcit roig la victòria en una contesa decisiva al front de l'Est. Els experts han aprofitat l'aniversari per detallar un episodi que consideren "transcendental" Una imatge nocturna de la batalla. Foto: MHR El 15 d'abril de 1943 Adolf Hitler va aprovar la Operació Zitadelle (Ciutadella). Una ofensiva de l'Eix que pretenia recuperar la iniciativa i la moral perdudes a Stalingrad i bascular el front de l'Est cap a les tropes alemanyes. El pla passava per obrir un front d'arc a la ciutat de Kursk, per després continuar fins a Moscou, apoderar-se del Caucas i manar sobre el Volga. Res de tot això no va passar i Kurks va ser la punteta de la derrota alemanya al front oriental, en la batalla més gran de carros de combat de la història. Tecnologia i tropes Alemanya desplegaria tota la cavalleria amb els nous carros Tiger i Panther. Nova artilleria, més capacitat de foc i divisions d'elit tant d'infanteria com de l'aire. En total, els mariscals Hans Günther Von Kluge, Erich Lewinski Von Manstein i Herman Goering comandaven una força de 900.000 homes, 2.400 carros de combat, gairebé 11.000 canons i més de 2.000 avions. La intel·ligència aliada, que coneixia perfectament l'encriptació de les ordres nazis, tenia sobre la taula els plans de Hitler. Stalin va preparar un autèntic mur de foc a la ciutat amb les conegudíssimes T-34, 400,000 mines, canons i una línia de trinxeres gairebé inexpugnables. Els generals Vasily Sokolovsky, Markian Popov, Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Konevi i Nikolai Vatunin, dirigien un exèrcit amb més 1.300.000 efectius, 5.300 tancs, 20.000 canons i 2.650 avions. El 5 de juliol va començar l'ofensiva de la Wehrmacht, però just abans els soviètics van bombardejar les posicions alemanyes. Començaven cinquanta dies de guerra, amb la batalla de la planura Prokhorovka que va marcar un abans i un després en la lluita amb carros de combat. La intel·ligència aliada i un desplegament humà i tècnic sense precedents ajudaven de manera determinant a la victòria soviètica, que s'assoliria definitivament el 23 d'agost, quan les tropes alemanyes es van acabar de replegar a uns 150 kilòmetres del front de batalla. De fet, l'Operació Ciutadella havia estat suspesa per Hitler per enviar efectius cap a Itàlia per la intel·ligent l'obertura d'un nou front amb el desembarcament aliat a Sicília, que esberlava l'estratègia de l'Eix. Baixes Finalment, la URSS va patir 177.847 baixes, entre morts, ferits i presoners, gairebé 2.000 tancs destruïts, 10.000 canons i 1.960 avions caiguts. L'Eix va comptar 54.182 baixes entre 9.063 morts, 43.159 ferits i 1.960 presoners. Així mateix, van perdre 323 carros de combat, uns 500 canons i 159 avions. Transcendència Segons els historiadors que han glossat el setantè aniversari de la batalla, va ser una contesa https://www.naciodigital.cat/noticia/58558/kursk-70-anys-gran-batalla-dels-carros-combat Pagina 1 de 2 tecnològica transcendental en què la capacitat de resistència, de foc i la perspicàcia angloamericana de desembarcar a Sicília per obrir una escletxa a l'ordre nazi van permetre una victòria costosa per als aliats, però fonamental en l'àmbit psicològic. Va ser en aquella batalla quan tropa i oficials de les forces nazis van començar a veure que aquella guerra no es podria guanyar. Ben mirat, si l'operació no s'hagués suspès, potser la victòria hagués basculat cap a l'Eix. Però la història és com és, i és tossuda. https://www.naciodigital.cat/noticia/58558/kursk-70-anys-gran-batalla-dels-carros-combat Pagina 2 de 2.
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