^^'4. sH^lK (!|atnellltniuet;0itg ffiihtarg

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BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND

THE GIFT OF HENRY W. SAGE

1891 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 1924 092 512 635 Cornell University Library

The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in

the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924092512635 SURNAMES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

SUENAMES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM:

A CONCISE ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY

BY HENRY HARRISON

Author of "The Place-Names of the Liverpool District", "Lancashire Place-Names", "The Vernacular Form of Abjuration and Confession of Faith, &c.'', "Romancing about Names", "The Origin of Yanlcee", "Italian Onomatology", &c.

Assisted by GvtjA Harrison, formerly of Queen's College, London

VOLUME TWO

LONDON

The Mobland Press, Ltd., 190 Ebury Street, S.W.I

19]L8 LIST OF ORIGINAL SUBSCRIBERS

Aberdeen Public Library (G. M. Fraser, Esq., Librarian). C. W. Adams, Esq., Haileybury College, Hertford.

C. H. Bellamy, Esq., 7, Rue de I'Epidene, Tourcoing. James G. Bisset, Esq., 85, Broad Street, Aberdeen. Henry Brierley, Esq., 26, Swinley Road, Wigan. Brighton Public Library.

The Right Rev. Bishop Browne, 2, Campden House Road, W.8.

J. F. L. Brunner, Esq., M.P., 43, Harrington Gardens, S.W.7. A. C. Caldicott, Esq., Church House, Henley-in-Arden. G. P. Cardell, Esq., 21, Chorley New Road, Bolton. Miss D'Arcy, Spring Road, Abingdon.

Major R. de S. Dudgeon, Bombay. W. H. Duignan, Esq., Gorway House, Walsall. William Ford Edgelow, Esq., Braddon Villa, Torquay. Frank Gallsworthy, Esq., Wellesley Buildings, Leeds. Guildhall Library (Bernard Kettle, Esq., Librarian), London. E. Hampden-Cooke, Esq., Barton-on-Humber. Rev. H. A. Harris, Thorndon Rectory, Eye. Norman P. JafFrey, Esq., Gorway House, Walsall.

Lieut.- Colonel J. H. Leslie, 31, Kenwood Park Road, Sheffield. R. Mond, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.E., Combe Bank, Sevenoaks. William Morgan, Esq,, 53, Lucerne Road, Thornton Heath. Norwich Free Library.

His Grace the Duke of Northumberland (J. C. Hodgson, Esq., Librarian).

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J. Reffitt-Oldfield, Esq., Over Woolacombe, N. Devon. F. Sadler, Esq., 201, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds. Rev. C. P. Sheppard, Bourton, Dorset. F. R. Twemlow, Esq., Peatswood, Market Drayton. Rev. Geoffrey Egerton-Warburton, Warburton Rectory, Warrington. Rev. S. C. Wood, Stroxton, Grantham. Roland A. Wood-Seys, Esq., Sidmouth.

The List of Subscribers had to be closed at an early period, as the Publisher found that the original subscription-price of £1 Is. Od. was inadequate owing to the cost of printing being considerably greater than had at first been anticipated ; but he has pleasure in stating that most of those above named have voluntarily paid an extra 10s. 6d. in addition to their original subscription. FORESPEECH II.

Owing to the War the Second Volume of the Dictionary has taken longer to complete than was anticipated when the First Volume was issued. There is little to add to the preface to Vol. I. In February,

1917, I suffered a grievous loss by the death, after a long illness, of my wife GySa, only daughter of the late Professor F. S. Pulling, M.A. Oxon. During the past two years my friend Mr. A. A. Neil,

M. A., Ph.D., has kindly helped me with the proof-reading. I should once again acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. Edward Smith for the loan of his very useful MS. Index of Place-Names occurring in Dr. Birch's 'Gartularium Saxonicum.' This Index, with some re- vision, ought to be printed at the expense of the nation. I only regret that I had not the use of it for the early parts of the First Volume of the Dictionary.

It has not been thought desirable, on consideration, to print the list of treatises quoted, promised in the first Forespeech. Such a

list could have little intrinsic value ; and, in any case, paper has now to be economized.

I wish, in conclusion, to express my thanks to Mr. Walter Bradley, Managing Director of the Morland Press, Ltd., for very valuable co- operation in various ways. Hy. Harrison. August 1918. ABBREVIATIONS, ETC.

A.-Fr. = Anglo-French. Heb. = Hebrew. A.-Fr.-Lat. = ^^.nglo-French-Latin; Hund. Rolls = Hundred- Rolls or Rotuli agent. = agential, denoting the agent. Hundredorum (A.D. 1274). anc. = anciently. Ir. = Irish. app. = apparently. L.Ger. = Low German. Aram. = Aramaic. L.Lat. = Low Latin, Late Latin (Post- A.-Sax. = Anglo-Saxon or Old English. classical). asp. = aspirated. M.Dut. = Middle Dutch. assim. = assimilated; assimilation. M.E. = Middle English (12th to ijlh cent.) Bel. = Belonging. meton. = metonymic. Bret. = Breton. M.H.Ger. = Middle High German (12th Cal. Geneal. = Calendarium Genealogicum to 15th cent.) (temp. Hen. III.—Edw. I.). M.Ir. = Middle Irish (12th to mid. i6thcent. Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn. = Calendarium In- M.N.E. = Middle Northern English. quisitionum ad quod Damnum (temp. M.Scot. = Middle Scottish. Edw. II.—Hen. VI.). M.Wel. = Middle Welsh. Cal. Inq. P.M. = Calendarium Inquisitio- Nat. Gaz. = National Gazetteer of Gt. Bri- num Post Mortem (A.D. 1217-1485). tain and Ireland, 12 vols., 1868. Cal. Rot. Chart. = Calendarium Rotulorum N.E. = Northern English. Chartarum (temp. John —Edw. IV.). N.E.D. = New English Dictionary. Cal. Rot. Orig. = Calendarium Rotulorum N.Fr. = Northern French. Originalium (temp. Hen. III. — Edw. Norw. = Norwegian, III.). occ. = occasionally. Cart. Sax. = Cartulai'ium Saxonicum O.Bret. = Old Breton. (Birch). O.E. = Old English or Anglo-Saxon. Celt. = Celtic. O.Fr. = Old French. Cod. Dipl. = Cqdex Diplomaticus JEvi O.Fris. = Old Frisian. Saxonici (Kemble). O.Gael. = Old Gaelic. Cont. = Continental, O.H.Ger. = Old High German. contr. = contraction. O.L.Ger. = Old Low German. Corn. =' Cornish, O.Ir. = Old Irish. corr. = corrupt(ion. O.N. = Old Norse or Icelandic. Dan. = Danish. O.N.E. = Old Northern English. Dan.-Norw. = Dano-Norwegian. O.S.E. = Old Southern English. der. = derivative. O.Sax. = Old (Continental) Saxon. Dial. = Dialect(al. O.Teut. = Old Teutonic. dim. = diminutive(s. O.Wel. = Old Welsh. Dipl. Angl. = Diplomatarium Anglicum Pari. Writs = Parliamentary Writs (A.D. iEvi Saxonici (Thorpe). 1 272-1 326). Dut. = Dutch. Pict. = Pictish. E.D.D. =Eiielish Dialect Dictionary. Plac. de Quo Warr. = Placita de Quo E., Eng. = English. Warranto (temp. Edw. I., II., III.). E. Eng. = Eastern English. Plac. Dom. Cap. Westm. = Placita in Domo E. Fris. = East Frisian. Capitulari Westmonasteriensi (temp. E.M.E. = Early Middle English. Rich. I.-Edw. II.). E. Mod. E. = Early Modern English. plen. = plenary. f. = from, formed on. Rot. Norm. = Rotuli Normanniae (A.D. fil. = filial, son-. 1200-5 ^^^ 1417)- Flem. = Flemish, Scand. = Scandinavian. = formerly formative. form. ; Sem. = Semitic, Frank. = Frankish. s.n. = sub nomine. Fris. = Frisian. S.E. = Southern English. Gael. = Gaelic. S.Fr. = Southern French. Gaul. = Gaulish. Swed. = Swedish. Goth. = Gothic. Teut. = Teutonic, Gt. Inq. of Serv. = Great Inquest of Service var. = variant(s; variantly. (A.D. 1212). Wei. = Welsh.

* = Not recorded (Based on analogy).

Old English and Old Norse ]>, «S = th

v»„ Z

CONTENTS, VOLUME II.

Page

)f Original Subscribers ipeech II iviations, &c.

3 Smith's Poem on Surnames' vttt.

Origin of our Surnames ... i. —XV ndexing of Surnames xvi.

)nary of Surnames, M— 1— ological' Appendix of the Principal Foreign Names found

Jritish Directories ...... : 318—; dments and Additions 330—; — ; ;; ;

SURNAMES

[The following clever verses by James Smith, of ' Rejected Addresses ' fame, although they have more than once been printed, are worth reproducing here.] Men once were surnamed from their shape or estate, (You all may from History worm it) There was Lewis the Bulky, and Henry the Great, John Laekland, and Peter the Hermit. But now, when the door-plates of Misters and Dames Are read, each so constantly varies From the owner's trade, figure, and calling, Surnames Seem given by the rule of contraries.

Mr. Box, though provoked, never doubles his fist, fuel Mr. Burns, in his grate, has no ; Mr. Playfair won't catch me at hazard or whist, Mr. Coward was winged in a duel. Mr. Wise is a dunce, Mr. King is a whig, Mr. Coffin's uncommonly sprightly, And huge Mr. Little broke down in a gig, While driving fat Mrs. Golightly. Mrs. Drinkwater's apt to indulge in a dram, Mrs. Angel's an absolute fury. And meek Mr. Lyon let fierce Mr. Lamb Tweak his nose in the lobby of Drury. At Bath, where the feeble go more than the stout, (A conduct well worthy ot Nero), Over poor Mr. Lightfoot, confined with the gout, Mr. Heaviside danced a"Bolero. -Miss Joy, wretched maid, when she chose Mr, Love, Found nothing but sorrow await her: She now holds in wedlock, as true as a dove. That fondest of mates, Mr. Hayter. Mr. Oldcastle dwells in a modern-built hut. Miss Sage is of madcaps the archest Of all the queer bachelors Cupid e'er cut. Old Mr. Younghusband's the starchest. Mr. Child, in a passion, knock'd down Mr. Rock, Mr. Stone like an aspen-leaf shivers rtiss Poole used to dance, but she stands Jike a stock since Ever she became Mrs. Rivers ; Mr. Swift hobbles onward, no mortal knows how. He moves as though cords had entwin'd him Mr. Metcalfe ran off, upon meeting a cow, With pale Mr. "Turnbull behind him. Mr. Barker's as mute as a fish in the sea, Mr. Miles never moves on a journey ; Mr. Gotobed sits up till half-after three, Mr. Makepeace was bred an attorney. Mr. Gardener can't tell a flower from a root, Mr. Wilde with timidity draws back, Mr. Ryder performs all his journeys on foot, Mr. Foote all his journeys on horseback. Mr. Penny, whose father was rolling in wealth, Kick'd down all his fortune his dad won, Large Mr. Le Fever's the picture of health, Mr. Goodenough is but a bad one. Mr. Cruickshank stept into three thousand a year, By shewing his leg to an heiress Now I hope you'll acknowledge I've made it quite clear That surnames ever go by contraries.

via. THE ORIGIN OF OUR SURNAMES

The Anglo-Saxons were well acquainted with the use of what we call surnames; but naturally with them such use was exceptional, and by way of distinguishment, as, for example, in the famous case of the two ill-fated 7th- century missionaries to the Continental Saxons, both named Hewald and distinguished from each other by the descriptive surnames, from the colour of their hair, Black (Niger) and White (Albus). The earliest historical instance of an Anglo- Saxon surname seems to be that of Hengest's son, the Kentish King Eric (Baeda's Oeric), d. A.D. 512, who was surnamed ^Esc (Bseda's Oisc), i.e. Lance or Spear, from the ash-wood shaft. In the follow- ing century we have perhaps the earliest recorded instance of an Anglo- Anglo-Saxon a named Biscop (Bishop) was sur- patronymic: monk Saxon named Baducing, that is Baduc's Son. By the 10th century, with Surnames the increase of population, surnames had become commoner, and we meet with such patronymics as (Eanulf) Penearding, i.e. Pen(h)eard's Son, and ( Wulfhere) Cidding, i.e. Cidda's or Cydda's Son, as well as names like Wulfgar Leofa (Beloved), Wulfsie se Blaca (the Black), and the equivalent of our local surnames in Bryhtwald on (variantly aet) Msereweorthe ; while in at least one instance we find what may be considered to be the counterpart of our modern double-barrelled surnames : Wulfhun se Blaca aet Sumortune. Later still, in the 11th century, we meet with Godwig se Bucca (the Buck), Mliwig se R6od (the Red), jElfweard Dudda, Wulfgaer set Hiwerc, .^Elfwig ast Hsegdune ; and a daughter of Cnut, Gunhild, was surnamed ^thelthryth. Further, as to the Scandinavian side of our ancestry, we find, as Old descendants of Harald Bldtand (Blue Tooth), Svend Tiugu-skegg Scandi- (Fork-Beard), Thorgils Sprakalegg (Creak-Leg), Svend Estridsen navian

(Estrid's Son), and Harald Heraf6t(Harefoot) ; while one of Blatand's Surnames daughters married Olaf Tryggvason (Tryggvi's Son). The Anglo-Saxons had three words denoting 'surname' or 'cog- A. -Saxon norhen': cti^nama, literally familiar name';/r^'o««ma:, lit. free name'; and Scand. lit. 'additional name.' Norsemen used the and td-nama, The word words for kenningar-nafn, from the genit. sing., kenntngar, of kenning, mark 'Surname' of recognition'. The present-day Dano-Norwegian word is tilnavn. The ordinary names of the Anglo-Saxons "were imposed," says Sharon Turner ('Hist, of the A. -Saxons,' IV. 47), "as with us, in Turner on their infancy, by their parents. In several charters it is mentioned A.-Saxon that the persons therein alluded to had been called from their cradles Names by the names expressed, and which they had received 'not from " accident, but from the will of their parents.' "The Hebrews attached great importance to the meanings of their names" ('Camb. Bible Diet.,' p. 109) ; but it has been argued, on insufficient grounds, that the Anglo-Saxons, on the coiitrary, paid no such regard to signification. It is true that there are a certain Meaning number of Anglo-Saxon compound or bi-elemental personal names of Ti^hich seem to lend colour to this theory; but, on the other hand, the A.-Saxon vast majority of them make perfectly good sense on analysis, and Names were evidently originally formed with a specific semantic purpose. Thus the leading German etymologist, -Kluge, does not hesitate to translate Old Germanic names when he has occasion to mention them in his 'Etymologisches Worterbuch der deutschen Sprache' (ed. 1910)—e.g. Ruodolf (Famous Wolf), Adalolf (Adolf), the common A.-Saxon ^thelwulf (Noble Wolf), Kuonrat, the A.-Saxon C(o)enred (Wise Counsel), Gothic Frithareik-s=German Friedrich=A. -Saxon Frithuric, Eng. Frederick (Peace-Ruler), etc.; and Sweet enlarges on the meaning of Beowulf (lit. Bee- Wolf) in his 'A.-Saxon Reader,' p. 216, although I by no means agree with his extended explanation. Moreover we find at any rate one Anglo-Saxon, the Northumbrian Latin poet Ethelwolf (.(Ethelwulf), giving the signification of his name:

Hsec Lupus, alte Pater, stolido de pectore Clarus . . . quoted by T. Wright in 'Biographia Britannica Literaria: A.-Saxon Period,' p. 371. Two famous Anglo-Saxon scholars, Baeda and Alhwin (Alcuin), both wrote treatises on the interpretation of Hebrew names; and Baeda liked to comment on the signification of names, as

in the case of Felix ( Hist. Eccl.,' II. xv.). A useful 'List of Anglo-Saxon Names still in use as Surnames' (with an Index of Modern Names), by the late Prof. Skeat, appears in the Transactions of the Philological Society, 1907, pp. 57-85. As the basis of this treatise Skeat has used Searle's Onomasticon Anglo- Saxonicum' (1897) for the Old-English names and Bardsley's Dic- tionary of English and Welsh Surnames' (l90l) for modern and

Middle-English names ; both of which works were referred to in my Skeat on Introduction to Vol. I. It is necessary to say here that I do not A.-Saxon agree with some of the statements made by Skeat in his paper, nota- Names as bly the assertion that certain Egel- or .^Egel names are ' intermediate Modern forms" or "later variants" of .iEthel- names: the two elements are Surnames quite distinct, although there may have been one or two late instan- ces of confusion between them. Other points of difference may be noted by anyone who cares to compare the treatment of certain of the names discussed with the etymologies given in my Dictionary. Kemble's 'Names, Surnames, and Nic-Names of the Anglo-Saxons' (1846) was a noteworthy publication in its day. It^was published while his famous 'Codex Diplomaticus ^vi Saxonici' (1839-48) was in course of issue to the public. This latter work has never been Kemble's completely superseded, because Dr. Birch's 'Cartularium Saxonicum' and Birch's (1885-1893) stops short at A.D. 975; but with regard to the quality A.-Saxon of the two publications Dr. Birch's own statement as to the 'Codex Charters Diplomaticus,' that "the texts are in a large proportion of cases edited incorrectly, and that, in some instances, to a serious extent," may safely be accepted. The oft-put question. When did surnames come fully into vogue in this country ? is a very difficult one to answer. The late Isaac Taylor, author of several editions of the celebrated 'Words and The, Vogue Places,' later wisely replaced by the much more trustworthy 'Names of and their Histories' (1896), contributed the following to 'Notes and Surnames Queries' (2nd Feb. 1901) a year only before his death, so that the note represented his mature opinion. "Surnames," he says, "grew out of descriptive appellations, and the date at which they originated Isaac varied according to the locality and the person's rank in life. In the Taylor South we find them at the beginning of the twelfth century. In the on our Northern counties they were not universal at the end of the four- teenth in Surnames ; and remote parts of Wales, in the mining districts, and in ;

the slums of Glasgow they are still unknown. They were first used by the barons and franklins, then by the tradesmen and artisans, and lastly by the labourers." The Hundred- Rolls, A.D. 1274, abound in surnames; and the editor of the Year-Books of Edward III. indicates in the volume for the year 1345 what may be considered the general establishment of surnames—at any rate in the South of England. William Camden, appointed Clarenceux King-of-Arms in 1597,' had reached a some- what similar conclusion in the chapter on Surnames in his 'Remaines concerning Britaine': I quote from a reprint of the Somerset Herald's edition of 1674 which was partly edited by M. A. Lower, author of 'Patronymica Britannica' (1860) and 'Essays on English Surnames' (4th ed., 1875), works which were long held in high Lower's esteem but which must now be considered as largely obsolete. Pioneer "About the year of our Lord 1000 (that we may not minute out the Works time)," says Camden, surnames began to be taken up in France. .... But not in England till about the time of the Conquest, or else a very little before, under King Edward the Confessour, who was all Frenchified. And to this time do the Scottish men also refer the an- tiquity of their surnames, although Buchanan supposed that they were not in use in Scotland many years after. Yet in England, certain it Camden's is, that as the better sort, even from the Conquest, by little and little Essay on took surnames, so they were not setled among the common people Surnames fully, until about- the tinje of King Edward the Second; but still varied according to the father's name, as Richardson, if his father

were Richard ; Hodgeson, if his father were , or in some other

respect ; and from thenceforth began to be established (some say by statute) in their posterity As for my self, I never hitherto found any heredita.ry surname before the Conquest, neither any that I know and yet both I my self and divers whom I know, have pored and pusled upon many an old Record and evidence to satisfie our selves

herein ; and for my part I will acknowledge my self greatly indebted to them that will clear this doubt." In the 12th century, as we know from an oft-quoted anecdote, it was considered, among the upper classes, literally injra digni- tatem not to have a surname. "So it seemed a disgrace,'' wrote Camden, "for a Gentleman to have but one single name, as the meaner sort and bastards had. For the daughter and heir of Fitz Hamon, a great Lord, (as Robert of Glocester, in the Library Fitzroy, of the industrious Antiquary Master John Stow writeth,) when Earl of King Henry the First would have married her to his base son Gloucester Robert, she first refusing answered :

It were to me a great shame To have a Lord withouten his twa name.

Whereupon the King his father gave him the name of Fitz Roy, who after was Earl of Glocester, and the only Worthy of his Age in England." As to the approxirpate date of the introduction of surnames in France we find, again, that Camden was not much out in his estimation when comparison is made with the investigatiops 6f French modern scholars. Monsieur H. de Gallier, in his essay on the Surnames, origin of proper names in ' La Revue,' Paris, 1901, shows that ;

the heredity of names was not evident in France before the 11th century, and then was confined to the nobiHty. It is hardly neces- sary for me to dwell on the enormous influence which the inflow of Frenchmen into this country after the Conquest has had upon our

nomenclature ; even a cursory perusal of this Dictionary is sufficient to show how large a proportion of our surnames had their origin on the other side of the English Channel. One feature is, however,

worthy of special rema,rk : the form in our 1 3th- 1 4th century records is very often the present-day French form, which shows what little change a large number of surnames have undergone in France in the course of centuries. On the always interesting subject of British surnames derived from French place-names perhaps I may be allowed to quote " here a note which I contributed to Notes and Queries" in 1902

(22nd Feb.) after a tour in Normandy : — • Surnames derived from French Towns (9th S-viii. 464 ix. 16).—As your querist seems to be interested in these, when next he is in Normandy he should take ^n opportunity of ex- " amining the list of Compagnons de Guillaume a la conqu6te de I'Angleterre' en mlxvi.," which he will find graven over the main doorway (inside) of t'he old church at Dives. He can there feast his eyes on famous Anglo-Norman names galore—Durand, GifFard, Talbot, Malet, de Venables, Tirel, de Colleville, Archer, Gibard, Gilbert, de Malleville, Basset, Lovvet, de Perci, de Manneville, de Vernon, de Laci, de Maci, de Chandos, Corbet, de Harcourt, de Mortemer, de Glanville, Maltravers, de Tilly, Bertran, &c.—that is to say, unless he choose the more comfort- able and fashionable occupation of lounging in the gateway of " the old Hostellerie de Guillaume le Conquerant" in,the Rue d'Hastings. The monument in the church was erected by the Societ6 Fran9aise d'Archeologie in August, 1862, just about a year after Arcisse de Caumont set up his celebrated " Colonne Commemorative" on the hill overlooking the mouth of the Dives, whence the Bastard started on his eventful voyage. Wales is the country of the British Isles which is poorest in sur- names. In the 16th Annual Report of the Registrar-General for Eng- land and Wales (1853) it isstated that the surnames of the Principality, if surnames they can be called, do not present the same variety [as in England], most of them having been formed in a simple manner from the Christian or forename of the father in the genitive case, 'son' being understood. Thus, Evan's son became Evans, John's son Jones, &c. Others were derived from the father's name coalesced with a form of the word ap, 'son,' by which Hugh ap Howell became Powell, Evan ap Hugh became Pugh; and in like manner were formed nearly all the Welsh surnames beginning with the letters B Welsh and P. Hereditary surnames were not in use even among the gentry Surnames of Wales until the time of Henry VIII., nor were they generally

established until a much later period ; indeed, at the present day they can scarcely be said to be adopted among the lower classes in the wilder districts, where, as the marriage registers show, the Christian name of the father still frequently becomes the patronymic of the son." Numerous stories are told of the fondness of the Welsh, up to a comparatively recent period, for lengthy surnames formed on the iv. ap- or ah- (for Welsh mab, mutated fab. Old Welsh map, 'son') method; and the ensuing dialogue, from an Elizabethan play, may be taken as a type of these :—

Judge. What bail ? What sureties ? - Davy. Her cozen ap Rice, ap Evan, ap Morice, ap Morgan, ap Lluellyn, ap Madoc, ap Meredith, ap Griffin, ap Davis, ap Owen, ap Shinkin [Jenkin] Jones. Judge. Two of the most sufficient are enow. Sheriff. An't please your Lordship, these are all BUT one! Which is the commonest Welsh surname ? The well-informed anonymous writer of an article on Welsh Surnames in " The Liver- pool Post" of 9th August, 1913, says that if the matter were gone The into carefully it would probably be found that the most common Commonest Welsh surname was not Jones but Williams, and this would be found Welsh to be-particularly the case in North Wales. " In many a district Surname Williamses, often not at all related to one another, are ridiculously numerous, and various expedients have to be adopted whereby to distinguish one family from another. Often, as in Scotland, a man gets to be known by the name of his house. He, a Williams, let us say, is known as Gwr Vron Wen,' the 'goodman of the white slope;' and the goodwife is known as Gwraig Vron Wen.' .... A recent standard work on Wales suggests inviting the Joneses and the Williamses to choose for themselves new names and getting them duly registered^by a new registration-authority proposed to be specially appointed for the purpose." The same writer does not neglect to dwell upon the Flemish names The of South-West Wales. " In South Wales—scarcely at all in North Flemish Wales—are to be found surnames ending in -kin, such as Jenkin, Names of Watkin, Hopkin. These names are interesting, for, though now borne by people thoroughly Welsh, the names are Flemish. In the S.W. Wales reigns of Henry I. and Henry II. large numbers of Flemings from the Low Countries were settled in South Wales with the view, partly, of helping the Norman Lords- Marchers in the gradual conquest of that part of the Principality. It was the Flemings who brought in the names ending in -kin—the 'jenkin' or 'Little John,' the 'Watkin' or 'Little Walter,' the 'Hopkin' or 'Little Robert.' But no Flemings invaded North Wales, and so North Wales has no -kin." The editor of the 'Registra Antigua de Llantilio Crossenny et

Penrhos iti Comitatu Monumethensi, 1577-1644.' (1917) says that Names in at the period in question the use of surnames was just beginning to Welsh become general in Wales. ~ The entries in these Monmouthshire Registers registers include cognomens like Gweydd, Meddyg, Saer and Rhodwr, that is, Weaver, Doctor, Carpenter and Wheelwright respectively. 'The Registers of Conway, 1541-1793' (1900) record some patronymics that never came into general vogue, such as Bedward (ab Edward),

'Borworth (ab lorwerth) and Bymphrey (ab Humphrey) ; Boumphrey being the present-day usual form. A useful list of Welsh and Welshified personal names (enwau personau), with their English equivalents, is given in the Anwyl- Spurrell Welsh Diet., ed. 1915.

surnames form interesting class ; they have hitherto Cornish an but Cornish been inadequately dealt with. Bannister's well-known Glossary of Surnames Cornish Names' (1871) is rightfully described by Jenner, in a very ;

useful and interesting chapter on the subject in his Handbook^f the Cornish Language' (1904), as being of "so eminently uncritical a character as to be of little use." Nevertheless Bannister deserves credit for his industry and enterprise. — The Registrar- General's Report already quoted says : "From the circumstances of their common British origin it might be supposed that the Welsh people and the inhabitants of Cornwall would exhibit some analogous principles in the construction of their surnames such, however, is not the case. The Cornish surnames are mostly

local, derived from words of British root ; and they are often strik-

ingly peculiar. A large number have the prefix Tre, a town ; the words Pol, a pool. Pen, a head, Ros, a heath, and Lan, a church, are also of frequent occurrence in surnames." Jenner, referring to such famous Cornish names as Trelawny, Rosevear, Carlyon, and Penrose, truthfully remarks that "to the ordinary Saxon they sound highly aristocratic, and are introduced into modern 'up-country' novels in a way that is often amusing to a Cornishman." Much of a sound character has been written about Scottish names

by writers north of the Tweed, but also much that is unsound ; and there are a few terrible gentlemen who find Gaelic origins for every- thing—even the commonest and best-known purely English names. Scottish One of the best books on the subject (at any rate as to Celtic names) Surnames is the 'Personal Names and Surnames of the Town of Inverness' (1895), by the late Alexander Macbain, author of an 'Etymological Gaelic Dictionary' (1911). He points out, in regard to the Celtic names recorded in the I4th-15th centuries, that most of the patrony- mics given are not real surnames. 'Henry Fynlasone, bailie of Inverness (1475-8), is not really a Clan Finlayson man, for he is otherwise called Henry Fynlaw (Gaelic Eanraig Fhionnlaigh, Henry Finlay's, i.e., Henry of Finlay). This is still a common way in

Gaelic for patronymic definition ; for instance, John, son of Thomas, may be either Iain Thomais (John Tom's) or Iain Mac-Thomais." Macbain enlarges upon the common custom in Scotland of calling a farmer or laird by the name of his farm or estate. "Thus, speak Scottish we of Netherton, Ballintomb, &c., when mean the tenant or pro- Estate- we prietor. The abuse of this style of speech and writing was carried Names as so far that farmers often Personal signed their letters and documents by their Names farm-names—a privilege which noblemen and clerics in high place alone possess. An Act was passed in the 17th century forbidding the practice. Illegal as it is, we still speak of Cluny and Lochiel, and, as they are associated with the heroic period of our Highland history, these names are, practically, part of ourselves, and must abide with us." In the 6th Report of the Registrar- General for Scotland— we find the following remarks on the origin of Scottish surnames : "Almost all the names of our Border and Highland Clans belong to the class of surnames derived from patronymics, and they are peculiarly Registrar- Scottish", neither belonging to England nor to Ireland. These sur- General on names include all those beginning with Mac, as Macgregor, the Origin Mactaggart, etc., besides the simple ones, as Fraser, Cameron, of Scottish Grant, &c The surnames derived from rank and occupation Surnames are very numerous, but are equally common to England as to Scot- land Surnames taken from the locality in which the persons

vi. —

originally resided form a very numerous class, and they also are, to a great extent, peculiar to Scotland, seeing that there is scarcely a county, parish, town, river, or remarkable locality but has its name perpetuated in the surnames The sobriquets perpetuated as surnames are, perhaps, the most varied of all, and embrace every personal or mental quality supposed to reside in the different individ- uals to whom they were originally given." Mr. G. M. Fraser, the Aberdeen public librarian, in 'The Aber- Period of donians and other Lowland Scots' (1914) says that in Aberdeen (as Origin of in other Lowland Scottish towns) the use of surnames began in the Scottish 12th century. "Prior to that time persons of English blood were Surnames distinguished in various ways—John the Smith, Richard the Mason, Adam son of John, David son of Alice, and so on. Or they would be distinguished by the place of origin—John de Kintor, Adam de Fyfe, William de Mearns, and so forth." In 1899 statistics were published of the comparative prevalence of the principal Scottish surnames. The leading position held by the name Smith is noteworthy. It should, however, be remembered that very frequently in Scotland Smith is a translation of the synonymous Gaelic Gow, Gowan, and Caird:— In Glasgow every 130th person

is a Campbell, every 129th a Wilson, every 128th a Robertson ; 1 in Compara- every 125 is a Miller, 1 in 124 a Thomson; 1 in 121 answers to tive Pr;eva- Brown, while Smith easily takes premier place with 1 in every 88. lence of Smith is likewise first, and still more popular, in Edinburgh, the pro- leading portion being almost 1 in 50 ; Brown numbers 1 in 59, and Robertson Scottish 1 in 62. Then a long way off comes Stewart, 1 in 98, with Ross, Surnames Campbell, and Clark practically equal at a score of points more. In Dundee, where every 72nd man is of the great family of Smith, that name just beats Robertson, closely attended in turn by Thomson, Scott, and Stewart. Brown is quite overshadowed by even such names as Nicoll, Fleming and Low. Smith and Miln run neck and neck in Aberdeen, with Davidson close up, the figures respectively being 1 in 47, 48, and 51. In Perth, Stewart just beats Young for first place. Smith being third a long way behind. Inverness still more revolutionises Lowland statistics. Every 33rd person there is a Fraser, every 43rd a Macdonald, every 48th & Mackenzie. Smith is quite uncommon at 1 in 270. In Ayr, again. Smith has most re- sponders, with 1 in 80. Smith and Maxwell are inseparable in Dum- fries, Wilson being a good third." The great prevalence of certain leading surnames in various towns and villages in Scotland has led to the introduction of an organized Necessity system of distinctive nicknames, this especially being necessary for where many persons bearing the same surname also indulge in the Distinctive same Christian name. In 'Notes and Queries,' 22nd May, 1915, Sir Nicknames Herbert Maxwell draws attention to an article in 'Blackwood's in Scotland Magazine,' March, 1842, on the subject of these 'tee-names,' as they are sometimes called, "it seems that there were then in the little seaport of Buckie no fewer than twenty-five males rejoicing in the name of George Cowie, distinguished from each other as Carrot, Doodle, Neep, Biglugs, Beauty, Bam, Helldom', CoUop, Stoattie, Snuffers, Rochie, Toothie, Todlowrie, &c. The writer of the article' vouches for the following story being authentic:

vii. — ;

A stranger had occasion to call on a fisherman of the name of Alexander White, but he was ignorant both of his house and his tee- name Meeting a girl, he asked : 'Could ye tell me fa'r Sanny Fite lives?' 'Filk [which] Sanny Fite?' 'Muckle Sanny Fite.' Filk muckle Sanny Fite?' 'Muckle lang Sanny Fite.' 'Filk muckle lang Sanny Fite?' 'Muckle lang gleyed [squinting] Sanny Fite.' 'O, it's Goup-the-lift [stare-at-the-sky] ye're seeking,' cried the girl; 'and fat the deevil for dinna ye speer [inquire] for the man by his richt name at ance!'" The writer of an article on Distinction-Names' in Chambers's Journal,' 11th Sept. 1897, discusses the surname-troubles of a certain small Scotch fishing-town, where the so-called streets have (or had) no names, the houses no numbers, and the cognomina are dis- tinguished by their sameness. Here a skipper may be known by the name of his boat, but more frequently by his wife's maiden-name.

Surname which is the one used for postal purposes ; and this latter usage seems Troubles of to be very general. " But this would not. always be sufficient. It a Scotch frequently happens that the distinction is already in use. For ex- Fishing ample, when James Foster married Katie Logie, there wa'S already Town a James Foster (Logie) in the village, and he was forced to find another distinction. He accordingly called himself James Foster (Katie). That is, if the surname is in use, the husband assumes the Christian name of his wife. Thus we have John Thomson (Helen) and John Thomson (Isabel). It not unfrequently happens that both

the surname and Christian name of his wife are in use ; then the newly-married man must find another suitable distinction. Two plans are open. He may fake both the names or retain his mother's. The former plan is clumsy, and leads to confusion. Still, either through fondness of their wives or from necessity, some adopt it, and several names run in this form, Andrew Walker (Euphemia Deas)." A list of Gaelic and Gaelicized personal names, with their English equivalents, is given in M 'Alpine's Gaelic Dictionary, ed. 1898. The surname-confusion referred to above is by no means confined to Scottish fishing towns and villages. The Southport Guardian,' 3rd December, 1913, contained a report of a supper to fishermen Surname and boatmen from the district of Marshside, in the borough of South- Confusion port. Here a few surnames (such as Wright, Ball, Sutton, and not peculiar Rimmer) have to suffice for almost the whole population. At the to Scotland: supper in question no fewer than thirty-one men of the name Wright A Lanca- were present. Of these twelve bore the Christian name John

shire in- five, William ; four, Thomas ; four, Robert ; two, Henry ; and two, stance Richard; and, in consequence, the above-named Wrights and others are distinguished in the newspaper-report by the following nick- names in brackets after the name proper : —Toffy, Clogger, Wheel, Stem, Pluck, Diamond, Shrimp, Hutch, Cock, Sweet, Pantry, Few, Pen, Fash, , Willox, Strodger, Daddy, Smiler, Nice, Jenny's, Manty, Fullsea, Music, Owd Ned, Margery, Buskin, Orchard, Sifi, and Muff. ;

The -system is elaborate and somewhat comphcated; but it is extremely interesting. And Ireland is very fortunate in having a Registrar- General (Sir Robert E. Matheson) who has taken the deepest interest in its surnames and their origins, as is evidenced by his valuable publications (mentioned hereafter) on the subject, which Irish have received encomiums from the highest quarters. But this Irish Surnames name-system has hitherto had only sporadic etymological treatment; and there is, for example, no work on the surnames of Ireland com- parable with the late Dr. Joyce's well-known two volumes of Irish Names of Places' (7th ed., 1898). This publication, however, con- tains two excellent, chapters on, respectively, Irish personal and family-names, and Irish nicknames. An exceedingly useful little work on Irish names and surnames is Mr. de Wulf's Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall' (1906). It contains, besides a long and valuable historical introduction, separate alphabetical lists of Christian names and surnames with their Irish forms (in Irish characters). Donovan's papers on Irish family-names, printed in the 'Irish Penny Journal,' 184-0-1, were formerly much quoted; and there are numerous eluci- datory notes on personal names in the 'Annals of the Four Masters,' a work of extraordinary value, the full name-indexes to which have been of the greatest help to me. The early Irish, like the Anglo-Saxons, had usually only one name but sometimes, also as in the case of the Anglo-Saxons, a surname was added for the sake of distinction. The additional name was cus- tomarily a nickname from some personal peculiarity, or a patronymic Early Irish formed by prefixing either mac, 'son', to the father's name, which was Narres then put in the genitive case, or d, or ua, 'grandson', to the. grand- father's name, which was then similarly inflected. Some of these early personal names, like Aodh, , Cian, Conchobhar, Domhnall, , Eochaidh, and Eoghan (in the Irish-character forms the h is represented by a dot over the preceding letter), have been in uninterrupted use from the earliest period of which there is any record down to the present day; and the majority, although long ob- solete as Christian names, are still preserved as surnames. ''Proba- bly," says de Wulf, "all the names in use in Ireland before the fifth

century were of native origin ; but from that period onwards foreign names have been borrowed from time to time from the various nations with which Ireland was brought into contact, directly or indirectly, in the course of her history. A number of names of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew origin came in with Christianity. They were almost ex- clusively Biblical names and the names of the first Christian mission-

aries ; but, strange to say, they were not adopted, to any considerable extent, as Christian names by our Gaelic ancestors. Even the name of the National Apostle, which is now so common, did not come into general use until a comparatively late period, and its adoption even Name to Danish and English influence. The first Irishman then was due Patrick of whom we have record as bearing the-name was Patrick O'Murray, Abbot of SS. Peter and Paul's Church at Armagh, who is mentioned in the Annals at the year 1255. Forms derived from these names by prefixing Maol [Shaven One, i.e. Monk] and Giolla [Servant] were, however, common in Ireland from early Christian times." Irish surnames proper came into use gradually from about the middle of the tenth century, and were formed, as shown above, by

ix. Period and prefixing O', or Ua-, to the grandfather's name, or Mac- to the Method of father's, which names may have been occupative, as well as purely Introduc- personal. That the mediaeval Irish were well acquainted with the tion of meaning of their names is sufficiently proved by the frequency with Irish which they interchanged them with others of similar signification. Surnames Many Irish families have two surnames derived from different ances-

Proper tors ; and some have two surnames, one of which begins with O', the other with Mac-. Mac- surnames are, on the whole, of somewhat later formation than O' surnames. Most Irish names and surnames were Anglicized during the second Angliciza- half of the 16th century. This Anglicization seems to have been the tion of work of Anglo- Irish Government officials who possessed, in some Irish cases, a knowledge of Irish. 'The Anglicized form was in most in- Names stances originally much nearer the Irish f)ronunciation than at present, owing partly to a change in the sound of the English letters, and partly to the corruption of the Irish forms. Thus O'Brien and O'Neill were originally pronounced O'Breen and O'Nail." Nicknames are very common in Ireland. "Arriong the rural popu- lation in many parts of the country," says Joyce, "almost every third man is known by some name besides his ordinary surname and Christ- Nicknames ian name. Sometimes these epithets are hereditary, and commemorate

Common some family peculiarity or tradition ; but more often they describe a in Ireland personal characteristic of the individual. Sometimes they carry re-

proach, and are not used except to insult ; but very often they are quite inoffensive, and are accepted as a matter of course and with perfect good humour. I knew a village where more than half the people were familiarly known by nicknames, which were always used, the proper names being hardly ever mentioned." Some examples of these sobriquets were given in a paper on the Ulster Dialect (chiefly Donegal) which was read in 1899 before the Some Philological Society (London) by Mr. H. C. Hart. "Nicknames are Ulster frequent. 'Sally Look-up' had a squint. 'Paddy Polite' polished Sobriquets manners. 'Susey Fluke' was a fisherwoman. James CuUiagh was the son of a famous culliagh, or cockfighter. Gallagher is so common a name in Fanet that substitutes have to be found for it. One Gallagher is called 'Bowers' for the sole reason that he used to have

a friend of that name with him ; this has descended to his son. Other Gallaghers, who live on a low-lying farm, are known as the 'Lowlys.'

In Inishtrahull the name Gallagher is almost universal ; so they adopt three generations of Christian names, Con-Dan-Owen,' i.e.. Con, son of Dan, son of Owen." In his 'Special Report on Surnames in Ireland,' issued as a Blue Book in 1894 (when he was Assistant Registrar-General), and as a Sta- The tionery Office publication in 1909, the present Registrar-General, Common- Sir Robert Matheson, prints a table of 100 of the chief surnames est Irish (including variants) in Ireland, together with the estimated population Surnames (1890 figures) bearing each surname. The first 20, in numerical order, are: Murphy, Kelly, Sullivan, Walsh, Smith, O'Brien, Byrne, Ryan, Connor, O'Neill, Reilly, Doyle, McCarthy, Gallagher, Doherty, Kennedy, Lynch, Murray, Quinn, Moore. This list shows the ex- tent to which the prefixes Mac- and O' have been lost. As de Wulf says, "most surnames have been mutilated by dropping Mac- or O', and Mac- when retained is usually, but incorrectly, written Mc- or M'," X, —"

Only one of the 20 Irish names given above figures in the first Compared 20 English and Welsh commonest surnames, according to the Report with the for 1853 of the Registrar-General for England and Wales: that one Common- is the ubiquitous Smith, which is first in England (as in Scotland), est English the remaining 19, in numerical order, being: Jones, Williams, Taylor, and Welsh Davies, Brown, Thomas, Evans, , Johnson, Wilson, Robinson, Surnames Wright, Wood, Thompson, Hall, Green, Walker, Hughes, Edwards. As the Irish Registrar-General points out, it is impossible now, in some cases, to trace whether families are of Celtic or- English descent Doubt as as some of the English settlers took Irish names and Irish families to Irish or were compelled to adopt English surnames ; and he quotes a Statute English of which provided, inter alia, that Englishmen were to 1366, use Descent the English language and English names, discarding Irish nomen- clature entirely, "in 1465 (5 Ed. IV., cap. 3), a law was passed 14th-15th enacting 'that every Irishman that dwells betwixt or amongst English- century men in the County of Dublin, Myeth, Vriell, and Kildare .... shall Statutes take to him an English Surname of one town, as Sutton, Chester,

Trym, Slcryne, Corke, Kinsale ; or colour, as white, blacke, browne ; .' or arte or science, as smith or carpenter; or office, as cooke, butler . . But, notwithstanding this enactment, surnames derived from native place-names are exceedingly rare in Ireland, as they are in Wales. A writer on the subject of Irish nomenclature in 'The Athenaeum,' 17th May, 1902, says: "in Irish history both processes are found English settlers adopted Irish names and customs for safety where

they were in a small minority ; Irish people adopted English trans- lations of their names by way of aspiration to polite manners and more aristrocratic society." In his 'Varieties and Synonyiiies of Surnames and Christian Names in Ireland' (1901), Sir Robert Matheson dwells upon the difficulties encountered by persons searching the Indexes at the General Regis- Varieties ter Office, Dublin, owing to the great variations in names in Ireland. of Irish "These variations are not only in spelling and form, but entirely Names different names are used synonymously by the same person or by members of the same family. Many of these cases are direct trans- lations of Irish names into English, or vice versa, while in others they are equivalents, modifications, or corruptions of them. In a country where two diflTerent languages are spoken it might be ex- pected some such cases would occur, but in Ireland the practice is mufch more widespread that is commonly supposed. In addition to the changes attributable to the difference of language, time has a powerful effect in altering names, which have also a tendency to assume various forms in different districts. Illiteracy also operates in corrupting names, while they are also frequently varied in spelling and form at pleasure." Manx names are a small but interesting class; and they are ade- quately dealt with in the late A. W. Moore's 'Surnames and Manx Place-Names of the Isle of Man' (2nd ed. 1903). The Island has Names a threefold nomenclature, in consonance with its history: (1) Celtic (Gaelic), (2) Scandinavian, (3) EngHsh. In a paper on Manx Gaelic read before the Philological Society (London) in 1902, Mr. R. W. Heaton lamented the rapid decay of the language, as shown by the fact that whereas in 1821, out of a population of 40,000, at least half were able to spea.k their mother-tongue, at the language-census of 1901 less than a tenth of the natives returned themselves as bi- linguists, in spite of a vigorous movement for a revival of Manx Gaelic as a spoken language. A leading feature of the Gaelic nomenclature of the Isle of Man is the number of names beginning with C, K, or Q—a relic of the 'son' C-, K-, and prefix Mac-. The Registrar-General for Ireland, in the 'Special Re- Q- names port' already referred to, says that on visiting the Island he was in Man ' much struck by the peculiar forms many names had assumed there, differing from those found in Ireland, though evidently derived from the same source. Thus, the name 'Clucas' is the Manx form of Lucas, both names being derived from the Celtic MacLucais—Son of Luke. Cannell,' a name peculiar to the Isle of Man, is from the Celtic MacConaill—Son of Conall. The Irish modern form is M'Connell. Kermode,' another Manx name, is contracted from the Celtic name MacDiarmaid, Son of —Irish modern form M'Dermott. 'Mylchreest' 'is from the Celtic Mac Giolla Chriosd—Son of the Servant of Christ. The modern Irish form is Gilchrist." Quilliam, again, is for MacWilliam.

A necessarily sketchy survey of the surnames of these Islands be- ing, thus concluded, it may be well to glance briefly at one or two leading features of the name-systems of other countries, beginning with what is perhaps the leading characteristic, the patronymic suffixes. The common Danish cognate, -sen (for son or seen), of our -son termination is not confined to Denmark; it occurs in parts Foreign of- North Germany (for Low Ger. son) and Holland (for zoon, Patrony- usually, however, suffixed as -zon). One famous Danish -sen name, mic End Thorwaldsen, recalls the part which the great sculptor plays, as a ings poor little scullion, in Hans Andersen's 'Children's Prattle.' The chamberlain's proud little daughter, it will be remembered, haughtily proclaimed at the party (according to one of the standard English translations) that 'those whose names end in 'sen' are not worth knowing; they are of no account at all: one must put one's arms akimbo and make these sens' keep their distance." And the boy

menial, peeping at the party from behind the door, is depressed : "his father's name, and therefore his own name too, ended in 'sen'; so that he was of no account; he could never come to any good." The Danish Jansen (see the writer's 'Glossary of the Principal Foreign Names found in British Directories' for this and other' names) is in Holland proper Janzon or Jantzon. The family of the German scholar Mommsen came from the former Danish province of Schleswig. The Danish Nielsen has been wrongly equated by some Continental writers with the Dutch Cornelissen. The (High) German -sohn (as in Mendelssohn, Davidsohn, etc.) is, however, mod- ern, and generally an affix to Jewish names. A curious exception to the Teutonic -son patronymics occurs in Frisian, in which -ma, cognate with Anglo-Saxon mdga, 'son,' is used. There has been much discussion as to the origin of the Spanish name-genitive in -ez (as in Mendez, Fernandez, etc.). Prince Lucien

Bonaparte decided that it was Basque ; a German writer on nomen-

clature affirmed that it represented the Latin -ictus ; Diez maintained that it was Gothic. I do not think there is any doubt that it is the Old Teutonic genitive suffix -es (Gothic„-is). —:'; -

Other interesting Continental equivalents include the Roumanian

-escu,-esco ; the Hungarian -fi, -f)fy {fiii, 'boy,' 'son') ; the Slavonic

-vich, -evich, -ich {-vitch, -evitch, -itch), -eff, -ev ; the Armenian -tan ; the Gr. -ides (-iSrjs) and the later {o)poulo(s (Mod. Gr. »oO\os=Anc. Gr. ttCXos, 'young man,' 'son'); etc. The Polish termination -ski, it may parenthetically be mentioned, is an adjectival suffix to surnames

derived from place-names : thus Poznanski=German Posener. The mention above of German-Jewish names reminds us of the extraordinary nomenclature which was compulsorily inflicted on the Semites in Austria and Germany (also to some extent in France) in Compul- the later years of the 18th and the early years of the 19th century. sory This bizarre nomenclature is a never-failing source of astonishment German and amusement to those Britons who have learned German and Jewish attempt to translate the names. It is true that the persistence with Surnames which the Jews stuck to their single Hebrew names had, with the

increase of population, become a nuisance to the States mentioned ; but the casual inethod adopted in surnaming the Jewish population—viz., in Austria (1787) by means of small committees presided over by a stallmeister (riding-master), which worked in a great hurry in order to Comical, get the troublesome business over, has always been a sore point with a occasion- large number of the jiominees, particularly those who were sent away ally Out- from the committees with comical, and in some cases outrageous, sur- rageous, names. Thus Kleinpaul in his 'Deutsche Personennamen' (1909) tells Names y (p. 11 8^ a story of two Jews coming out of the Police-Office and discuss- Given ing the respective family-names which had just been given to them One of them had wisely released a little cash privately over the transaction, and had received a correspondingly respectable name Weisheit (Wisdom). The other had to be more or less content with Schweisshund (Bloodhound). "Why Schweisshund? " said the first "hast thou not paid enough?" "Gott und die Welt!" returned the second Israelite, "I gave half my fortune to have the one letter w put in"—which -meant, euphoniously speaking, that an attempt had been made, in the first place, to impose on the unfortunate individual a German equivalent of 'Dirty-dog.' Other quaint German-Jewish names dating from this period of compulsion are Eselshaupt (Ass's- head), Rindskopf (Ox-head), Kohlkopf (Cabbage-head, i.e.. Block- head), Kanarienvogel (Canary-bird), Zentnerschwer (Hundred- weight-heavy), Himmelblau (Sky-blue), Susskind (Sweet - child needless to say ironical), Kirschrot (Cherry-red), Temperaturwechsel (Change-of-temperature), Kanalgeruch (Canal - smell), Kiissemich (Kiss -me), Muttermilch (Mother's-milk), Mandelbliith (Almond-

blossom) ; while, in some cases, nonsensical names were bestowed through misunderstandings, as, for example, when a Jew named

Ephraim went to the Police-Office at Frankfort-on-Main : "Wie heissen Sie?'' (What's your name?) demanded the official (meaning his existing Jewish name). "I weiss net, rothen Sie's" (I don't

know ; help me out with it) unluckily replied the son of Shem in his Jewish-German dialect, which, in the hurify, was not properly grasped by the committee. "Very well, you are named Ephraim Rothensies' was the verdict. Of course many of the Jews received unobjection- able names like Hirsch (Hart), Lowe (Lion), Wolf, Silber (Silver), Rubinstein (Ruby-stone), Bernstein (Amber), Goldstern (Gold-star),

etc. : it was only when the changes had been rung indefinitely on ;: .

these and similar names that the officials were more or less driven to bestowing fanciful and ridiculous family- names; although, in extreme cases, there is little doubt that personal prejudice played a great part in the decisions of the committees. Of all the ancients the Romans had by far the most elaborately de- veloped name-system. Theupperclassesusuallyhad three names: first,

the praenomen, corresponding to our Christian name ; second, the nomen proper, sometimes called the nomen gentilicium, i.e., the family-

name : third, the cognomen, or agnomen, i.e., the surname ; although The Roman where there were four names the last was the agnomen. Thus in the name , Caius the the Name- Caius was praenomen, Julius nomen proper, or gentile or family name, Caesar the cognomen. In System the case of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, the last name was

the agnomen ; but cognomen was sometimes used for agnomen, as in "Scipio, cognomine Africanus." The Romans freely used what we call nicknames (properly ekenames). Thus Quintus Fabius

Maximus had no fewer than three at different periods of his life : firstly, Verrucosus (Lat. verruca, a wart), from a wart on his lip secondly, Agnicula (Lat. agnus, a lamb), from his gentleness; thirdly, Cunctator (Delayer), from his guerilla tactics against Hannibal. But the Latins had no single word for our nickname as expressing con-

tempt : their equivalent for this was nomen contumeliosum or

ignominiosum ; therefore the historians commonly say that Fabius was "surnamed" (cognominatus) Verrucosus, or Cunctator. Cog- nomentum was sometimes used for cognomen. As we all know, English names were often Latinized in our mediaeval records. Lists of these have been collected and printed at various Latinized times—e.g. in Nicolas's 'Notitia Historica' (1824), in Lower's English 'Essays on English Surnames' (4th ed. 1875), and in the various Surnames editions of Wright's 'Court-Hand Restored.' Many Latinizations will be found in my Dictionary under the corresponding surnames. Occasionally these Latinizations are useful from an etymological

point of view ; at other times they are misleading. To go further afield something should be said about the personal nomenclature of our great Indian Dependency. From time to time Indian experts in this subject have made interesting contributions to that Nomen- very useful repository, 'Notes and Queries,' from which I beg leave clature to quote, "it may be taken as a general rule", says one of several correspondents writing in the issue of 27th March, 1909, "that among themselves no genuine native of India, whether Mohammedan, Hindu, Sikh, or Christian, has a surname in the European sense. When any such native travels to Europe, Europe insists, for its own conveni- ence, that he should have a surname like other people. The Indian native cannot but submit, as he submits to other strange customs of

dress, food, &c. ; but he submits with amusement. The Brahmin Ramaswami Iyengar and the Sudra Ranga Pillai become to the British tradesmen and others R. Iyengar, Esq., and R. Pillai, Esq., the British not knowing that Iyengar and Pillai are mere caste and social honorifics Names of genuine Indians are purely personal. Only official designations are hereditary." But, writes another cor- respondent, "the Parsees have heritable surnames exactly as we have Mundvawala, Kolhapurewala, Petit, Bharucha, Billimoria, Ready- money, &c." xiv. ;

"The Muslimin", said the late W. F. Prideaux, "have no patron- ymics [this applies also to the Muslim Turks], but are occasionally designated after the names of their birthplace or tribe, e.g., Saiyid Husain Bilgrami, a member of the Indian Council, called after the town of Belgaum, or Ahmed Durrani, after the Afghan tribe. Mah- rattas, in addition to surnames in -kar, have often hereditary names derived from occupations, as Gaekwar, a cow-tender." The late Jas. Piatt, Jr., had an interesting note in the issue of 'N. and Q.' of 15th June, 1907, on the word 'Ramsammy.' "it is curious,' ' he remarks, "that this word should have acquired the sense of a drunken spree. It is very well known as a slang-term applied by Europeans to Hindus, much as we call a Scotchman Sandy or Saw- ney. It is derived from the common Hindu personal name Ram- sammy, more correctly Ramaswamy, 'devotee of the god Rama.' There are other names of the same termination, such as Krishna- swamy, 'devotee of the god Krishna.' Indian Mohammedans do not use these names, but have a similar class formed with the prefix 'Ghulam.' Among my correspondents I count a Ghulam Rasull ('servant of the Prophet' ) and a Ghulam Mohi-ud-din ('servant of the saint Mohi-ud-din')." It is not a far cry from India to China. The following information as to Chinese names is extracted —from "Chinese Characteristics" (1897, Chinese p. 56), by Arthur H. Smith : " It certainly appears singular that Names an eminently practical people like the Chinese should be so inexact in regard to their own personal names as observation indicates them to be. It is very common to find these names written now with one character and again with another, and either, we are informed, will answer. But this is not so confusing as the fact that the same man often has several different names, his family-name, his 'style,' and, strange to say, a wholly different one, used only on registering for admission to literary examinations. It is for this reason not un- common for a foreigner to mistake one Chinese for two or three. The names of Villages are not less uncertain, sometimes appearing in two or even three entirely different forms, and none of them is admitted to be more 'right' than another. If one should be an acknowledged corruption of- another, they may be employed inter-

changeably ; or the correct name may be used^in official papers and

the other in ordinary speech ; or yet again, the corruption may be used as an adjective, forming with the original appellation a compound title." Two examples of curious nomenclatural customs among savages Curious may serve to close this essay. In Madagascar, according to 'The Nomencla- Church Abroad,' Jan. 1915, a Malagasy child "is not called after his tural father but the father calls himself after his child, changing his name Customs for instance, a man who has a son called Rakato will take the name among Rainikoto, 'the father of Rakato' —the father was known formerly Savages as Rabe." The Murray Islanders, it appears from the 'Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits' (vol. vi. 1908), have a "multiplicity of names belonging to each individual, one of these names being particularly private, special to the man himself, and mentioned with great reluctance." Hy. Harrison.

^v. THE INDEXING OF SURNAMES

The Committee on the Indexing of Archceological Transactions appointed by the Congress of Archceological Societies published in 1899 the following recommendations:—

That surnames with the Norman prefix 'de,' e.g., 'd'Amori,' 'da Bohun,' 'd'Eyncourt,' 'de Lisle,' 'de la Tour' (which have often become anglicized by coalescing, as 'Deincourt,' 'Darell,' 'Dela- motte,' &c.), be indexed under D, with cross-references to the eventual surname, under which the references will be given, as 'de Braose, see Braose;' 'de Vere, see Vere.' That surnames with the [English] prefix 'atte,' e.g., 'atte Field,' 'atte Tree,' 'atte Teye,' &c;, be indexed under those forms, but that a cross-reference be appended in each case to the form without the prefix, as 'atte Green, see also Green,' and Green, see also atte Green.' This rule will apply also in case of such prefixes as 'o' the,' 'in the,' &c. That surnames with the [Norman] prefix 'Fitz,' e.g., 'Fitz Hugh,' 'Fitzalan,' and [Latin] 'Fil. Johannis,' be indexed only under 'Fitz,' except that such a case as 'John Fitz Richard of Loughton' be in- dexed under 'Fitz Richard' and 'Loughton.' It should be clearly understood that this is only a convention for index purposes, and does not determine the actual form of the surname. Names prefixed by [Welsh] 'Ap,' [Gaelic and Irish] 'Mac,' [Irish] 'O',' [Dutch] 'Van,' or [German] 'Von' should be indexed under those prefixes. That surnames like 'Le Strange,' 'I'Estrange,' 'le Tyler,' Ac, be indexed under L, with cross-references to the true surname, under which the references will be given, as 'le Tyler, see Tyler'. That the names of sovereigns be indexed under the personal name, with the numerical title when it occurs, followed by (emperor), (king), &c., e.g. 'Henry VIII. (king),' 'Elizabeth (queen),' 'Maud (empress).' That names of bishops be indexed under their sees, abbots, &c., under their abbeys, princes and peers under their titles, and so forth, with cross-references from their proper names; and saints xmder their personal names, e.g., 'Agatha (Saint)' ; but surnames and place- names derived from saints should be indexed under the full name, as "St. Ives,' 'St. Pancras,' :

A DICTIONARY OF SURNAMES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM

M

MAAS, V. the Appendix of Foreign Names. MAC ALAVEY 1 „ ., , MAC ALEAVEY r- '^^"'-^^^y MAB(B (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a dim. olMaiel or Amabel, „ Lat. Amabilis = Amiable, Lovable [Lat. MAC ALL for MaoCall, q.v. amabil-is] MAC (Celt.) Son of q.v. (Celt.) occ. the Wei. mab = Son. ALLAN Allan, MACJALLEN (Celt.) Son of Allen, q.v. MABBETT = Mabb I (q.v.) + the Fr. "I MABBITT \ dim. ^uff. -et, -ot. MACALLUM (Celt,) for MaoCallum, q.v. MABBOTT J MAC ALPIN \ (Celt.) SoN of Alpin: v.Alpin MABBS, Mabb's (Son) : v. Mabb- MAC ALPINE J MABERLEYr -x \ for Mabley, q.v. MACAN \r „ ^ MABERLY MACANN/^""^ MaoCann, q.v.

1 = (q.v.) the E. dim. suff. MABEY Mab + -y, MAC ANDREW (Celt.-Gr.) Son of Andrew \ MABIE -ie. V. Andrew. MABLEY, for the earlier il/a6i7!>, Mabely {La.t. MAC ARD (Celt.) = Mao Art, q'.v. amabil-is, amiable, with E. dim. suff.-ji,-;*.] MAC ARDLE (Celt.) Son of Ardghal = MABON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Mab(b I (q.v.) + the Mighty or NobleValour [Ir. and Gael. Fr, dim. suff. -on. ard, noble, etc. + the asp. form of gal, (Celt.) Youth; Hero [Wei. mabon] valour, battle] Mabon ab Modron.— MAC ART (Celt.) Son of Art = Stone, or

'Kulhwchac Olwen' : Mabinogion. Noble, Exalted. i

2- MABSON = Mab's Son : v. Mab See Arthur

MAC- (Celt.) Son (of) [Ir. and Gael.] MAC ARTHUR (Celt.) Son of Arthur : v. Arthur 2-

MAC ADAM (Celt, and Heb.) Son of Adam : MAC ATEER, a form of Intyre, q.v. V. Adann. Mao

MACAIRE (A.-Fr.-Gr.) Blessep, Prosperous MAC -. (Celt.+Scand.)'SGNOFOLAF= [Gr. Maxdpiotl MAC AULEY [Ancestral Relic [Gael. Mac AWLEY > Amhlaidh or MACALASTER \ MAC Amhlaoibh — mac, son — MACALESTER (Celt. + Gr.) Son of ; O.N. Olaf di, great grandfather MAC ALISTER Alister or Alaster = + lei/, relic] MAC ALLESTER Alexander, q.v. [Gael. (Celt.) Son of Aulay or AOley [Gael.

MAC ALLISTER I ,., Alasdair] and Ir. Mac Amhalghadha] :

Mac Auliffe Mac Connell

MAC AULIFFE (Celt-Scand.) v. Mac Au'lay. MAC CARTIN, v. Mao Garten.

MAC AVOY (Celt.) i Son of Aedh the Yel- MACCARTNEY (Celt.) ? Son of Cart(h)- ; low-Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac Aedha annach = the Kind [Ir. carthannach,' Bhuidhe-.v. Mackay; buidke, yeWow] charitable, kind] 2 Son of the Servant of theYellow- MAC CARTY = Mao Carthy, q.v. HAIRED [Ir. and Gael. Mac Gille Bhttidhe] MAC CASKIE (Celt.) Son of Gaisgeach (Celt.) i of q.v. MAC BAIN Son Bain, = the Hero or Champion [Gael. Mac 2 for Mac Bean, q.v. GhaisgicK\

MAC BEAN (Celt.) Son of Beatha = Life MAC CAUL = Mac Call, q.v. [Gael, mac, son + beathan (th mute), genit. of beatha, life] MAC CAULEY ' If^°^ ""^° AUiey,, q.v. MAC CAWLEY J MAC BEATH 1 (Celt.) Son of Life [Gael, mac, (Celt.) q.v. MAC BETH J son of ; beatha, life] MAC CAY = Mackay,

MAC BRIDE l(Celt.) Son of Brigit : v. MAC CLANCY T (Celt.) Son of the Red- MAC BRYDE f . MAC CLANCHY J Complexioned [Ir. Mae Fhlannchaidh {fU mute)—flatin-ach, red MAC BRIEN (Celt.) Son of Br-ien, q.v. -t- the pers. suff.] MAC CABE ('Celt.-Lat.-Gr.-Syr.) Son of the MAC CLAY (Celt.) Son of Lay, q.v. ; or = Abbot [Ir. and Gael. Mac Aba—mac, son Mac Leay, q.v. -I- aba{dh, geiiit. of ab, abbot] Cp. Mc Nab. MAC CLEAN for Mac Lean, q.v.

MAC CLEARY (Celt.) i Son OF the Clerk or MA8cAFFRf}(C«")S0NOFCafl'er.y,q.v. Clergyman [Gael. Mac CUreich] 2 Son of Leary, q.v. MAC CAIG (Celt.) v. Mac Kaig. '

MAC CLELLAN 1 (Celt.) for Leilan, MAC CALL (Celt.) Son of = War, Mac , Warrior [Gael. Mac Cathail — mac, son MAC CLELLAND Jq.v. cathail, genit. of cathal, warrior -I- MAC CLEMENT (Celt. + Lat.) Son of cath, war] Clement, q.v. MAC CALLAN for Mac Allan, q.v. MAC CLEMENTS = Mac Clement (q.v.) -t- MAC CALLUiyi (Celt.) Son of Malcolm, q.v. the Eng. genit. -s suff.

MAC CAN N (Celt.) i Son of Cana = the MAC CLORY, app. for Mac Lowry, Son of

Whelp - [Ir. Mac Cana] Lowry, q.v. 2 Son' of CATHAN = WARRiOR[Ir. Mac MAC CLOUD for Mac Leod, q.v. Cathain — cath (th = h), war, warrior -t- the genit. of the dim., suff. -dn\ MAC CLURE for Mac Lure, q.v. MAC CARDLE tor Mac Ardle, q.v. MAC CLYMONT, for Mac Lamont, Son of

MAC CARDY for Mac Hardy, q.v. Lamont or Lamond : v. Lamond. MAC CARRICK (Celt.) Son of Carrick or MAcgoLLJf-MaoCa„,q.v. Carrach = Rough-Faced [Ir. and Gael. , carrach] r§SS:;iLl(C^'-^5H«^e.equivof MAC CARROLL (Celt.) Son of Carroll, q.v. MACCOMBIE Tom's Son : v. Thomas MAC CARTE for Mac Art, q.v. MACCONCHIE (Celt.) Son of Don- MAC CARTEN for Mac Artan (Celt.) = Mao MACCONECHY chadh or Duncan : v. (q.v.) the dim. suff. Art -I- -an. MAC CONKEY Duncan MAC CON(N)ACHIE [Gael. Mac MAC CARTHY (Celt.) Son of Carthach Dhonnchaidh {dh mute] MAC CON(N)OCHIE } [Ir^ Mac Carthaigh (genit. of Carthach) — a friend, or a cart, also spear, car, carr, a MAC CONNAL 1 cir^vV.^,- ic^u\ ^°" °^ Connell, q.v + the s\i«. -t{h)achl MAC CON N ELL } C-^"") N

Mac Conway Mac Fadyen

MAC CONWAY (Celt.) Son of Conway, q.v. MAC CURDY for Mac Hardy, q.v.

MAC 1 (Celt.) Son ofCormac(k: MAC CURRAN (Celt.) SoN OF Curran, q.v. MAC CORMACK U. Cormac(k (Celt.) for q.v. MAC CORMICK J MAC CURRICK Mac Carriok,

MAC CORQUODALE(Celt.+Scand.) for Mac MAC CUTCHEON (Celt, or Celt.-Teut.) Son Thorketill, goN OF Thorketill=Thor's OF Huch(e)on, a dim. form of Hugh, q.v. Kettle (Sacrificial Cauldron of Thor) MAC DAVID (Celt. -^ Heb.) Son of David : [Gael, mac, son ; O.N. Thdrr + Milf\ v. David

MAC COURT (Celt.) Son of Art: v. Arthur. !;;i^§s^^!^T}f-^-°-id,q.v. MAC COWAN for Mac Owan, q.v. MAC DERMOTT, prop. Mao Diarmid, q.v. MAC COY 1 (Celt.) Son of the Yellow- MAC COYD j Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac MAC DIARMID (Celt.) Son OF Diarmald,q.v. Bhuidhe—buidhe, yellow] [Ir. Mac Diarmada]

MAC DONA 1 (Celt.) Son of Donagh or MAC CRACKEN (Celt.) app. for Mac Carra- MAC DONAGH / Donnchadh : v. Donaghie. chan = Son of Carrachan. Carrachan

is a dim. of Carrach, 'rough- faced' MAC 1 (Celt.) Son of Donall : v. [M'Alpine (Gael. Diet.) deS^nes carrachan as MAC DON ell] DonaKd 'a little, old-fashioned fellow'] MAC DONOUGH = Mac Donagh, q.v. MAC CRAE V. Mao Rae.

"1 MAC DOUGAL Son of Dougal(l : v. MAC CRAITH 1 for Mac Kaith (Celt.) Son MACDOUGALL; Dougal(l [Ir. and GaeL OF Rath = or MAC CREATH } Grace Luck Mac Dubhghaill] MAC CREITH ) -°°-" MAC CREA (Celt, or Celt.-Teut.)SpN OF Rea, MAcg§wEl:l:}«°^°^^°— q.v. Also for Mac Crae = MacRae, q.v. MAC DUFF (Celt.) Son of Dubh : v. Duff

MAC (Celt.) Son of MAC CREADIE) (Celt. + Teut.) Son of EACHAN \ Eachan : MAC EACH EN jv. Eachan. MAC CREADY J Reddie, adim.of Redmond, q.v. (Celt.) MAC EACHARN \ Son of Eacht(h)-' MAC CREARY^ MAC EACHERN JiGHEARN = Horseman, Horse-Lord [Gael, MAC CREERY [for Mac Crory or Mao , each, horse -f- tigh- MAC CRIRIE ^q.v. eartt, lord] MAC CREAVAY'i MAC ELROY for Mac Gilroy (Celt.) Son of q.v. MAC CREAVEY (Celt.) Son of Reavy, q.v. Gilroy, MAC CREAVY MAC CREEVEY MAC ENTAGART •, (Ceft.) SoN of the MAC ENTEGART \ PRIEST [Gael. Mac-an-t- for q.v. MAC ENTEGGART' shagairt} MAC CRORY Mac Rory, , The Gael, word for ' priest' (nom. case) MAC CUBBIN (Celt.-|-Teut.)SoN ofCubbin, is sagart; for the rule as to eclipsis see a Manx mutation of Gibbon, q.v. the note under Mac Intyre.

MAC CUE for Mac Hugh, q.v. MAC ENTIRE 1 ,, , ^^'^ '"^y^-4. MAC ENTYRE j = 'I-^' MAC CULLAGH ) (Celf.) Son of Culloch : MAC CULLOCH v. Culloch. MAC EVOY = Mac Avoy, q.v. maccullough'f

MacBaln (Names of Imlerness, p. 38) MAC EWAN 1 c„„ „„ c ^ Ewan, Ewen, q v. ._, says that ' Mac Culloch is possibly iWoc MAC EWEN J Lulach—Little Calf.' ' MAC FADDEN 1 (Celt.-Lat.) Son of Little MAC CULLEN (Celt.) Son of Cullen, q.v. MAC FADYEN J Paddy or Patrick [Ir. Mac Phaidi.:i\ MAC CULLUM for Mao Galium, q.v. See Patrick. +

Mac Pall Mac Qreary

MAC FALL -(Celt.-Lat.) Son of Paul [Gael. MAC GINITY 1 (Celt.) Son or Finnachta [Ir. = Mac Phail: v. Paul] , MAC GINTY jMdc Fhinndichta {fh mute) the Fair [Ir. fi{o)nn + the,double sufiH MAC FARLAN (Celt. + Heb.) Son of ] = or the Old [It. fi{o)nnach + the adj. suff. mAc FARLAND I Parlan or Partholan Bartholomew, q,v. [Gael. M MAC FARLAN E f Pharlain, genit. of MAC FARLIN I Mac MAC GIN LEY (Celt.) i an aspirated form of

, Parian] Mac Finley : v. Finlay. MAC FEE \ (Celt.) Son of Dubh-shith {sh 2 for Mac Kinley, q.v, MAC FIE land th = A) = Dark of Peace dark shith, genit, of {mac, son + duhh, + MAC GINN (Celt.) Son of FiNN=the White peace] sith, or Pale [Ir. Mac Fhinn {fh njute] MAC FERSON = Mao Pherson, q.v. ' MAC GIVEN, ? for Mao Gavin, q.v. MAC GAIN (Celt. + Heb.) Son of John [Gael. Mac Edin, genit. of Iain : v. John. MAC GLADE, app. for Mac Leod, q.v. (Gelt.) Son of Kane, q.v.

MAC GLASHAN (Celt.) Son of Glassan : v. MAC GAIR (Celt.) Son of the Short Glashan. [Ir. and Gael. Mac Girr, Mac Ghearr— gearr, short] MAC GLENNON for Mac Lennan,;q.v. MAC GANN for Mac Cann, q.v. MAC GLINCHEY for Mac Linchey (Celt.) = MAC GARRICK for Mac Capriok, q.v. Son of Lynch, q.v.

MAC GARRY (Celt.) Son of Garry (q.v.) or MAC GLOIN -, (Celt.) 'the Irish Mac Giolla GadhaR: v. O'Gara. MAC GLOINE Edin, Son of the Servant MAC GLOYNE or DiSqiple of Iain = John, for Auley, q.v. MAC GAULEY Mao MAC GLONE J q.v. [Ir.> mac, son + giolla,' servant, discijile + the genit. of Iain] MAC GAURAN (Celt.) Son of Samhradhan v. = Summer [Ir. Mac Samhradhain (s aspi- MAC GLORY, Mac Clory. rated), genit. of Samhradhdn = samhradk, MAC GLYNN = Macklin, q.v. summer + the dim. Suff. -dn]

MAC GAVIN (Celt.) Son of Gavin, q.v. MAC GOFF (Celt.) Son of Goff, q.v.

MAC G EACH IN for Mac Eachan, q.v. MAC GOLDRICK (Celt.-(-Teut.)SoN OF Gold- rick, q.v. ' MACGEAGH i for Mac Geoch or Mac Keogh. q.v. MAC GORMAN \ (Celt.) Son of Gorman, MAC GORMAN D q.v. MAC GEE J MAC GhfEE Magee, q.v. MAC GORRIN, for Mac Orain (Celt.) Son of MAC GHIE Oran, q.v.

MACGENNIS MAC GOUGH (Celt.) Son orGough or Goff, MAC GINNES (Celt.) Son of Angus, q.v. q.v. MAC GINNESS [Ir. Mac Aenghusa, genit. of MACGINNIS Aengus] MAC GOVAN \ MACGOWAnI (Celt.) SoN OF THE Smith i= MAC GEOCH Mac Keogh, q.v. MAC GOWEhl [Ir. and Gael. Mac Gobkanl I MAC GOWN •' MAC GIBBON (Celt.+Teut.)|SoNOF Gibbon, q.v. Cp. Gow.

MAC GILCHRIST (Celt.) Son OF Gilchrist, MAC GOVERN = Mac Gauran, q.v. q.v. MAC GRADY (Celt.) Son of Grady, q.v. MAC GILL (Celt.) SoN OF GiLLE = the Ser- MACGRANDLE, for Mac . VAi

Mac Qreavey Mackay

MAC GREAVEY\ MAC INDOE (Celt.) SoN OF JOHN THE Black MAC GREAVY v. Mac Creavey, &c. [Gael. Mac lan-duibh-mac, son of -(- Ian, MACGREEVEY John + duibh, genit. of dubh, black] MACGREEVY MAC INNES (Celt.) an asp. form of Mac

MAC GREGOR (Celt. +Gr.) Son of Gregor : Angus, Son of Angus, q.v. V. Gregop. MAC IN ROY (Celt.) Son of John the Red MAC GRORY for Mao Rory, q.v. [Gael. Mac fan-ruaidh ^ mac, son of -f- lan, John -|- ruaidh, genit. of ruadh, red] MAC GUFFIE for Mac Coffey, SoNOFCoffey, q.v. MACINTIRE \ (CeltO Son of the Carpen- MACINTYREJter [Gael, and Ir. Mac-an-t- MAC GUFFIN (Celt.) ? Son of GeibhionN = shaoirl the Captive [Ir. ^ejMtowB, captivity, bondT

Gael. , and Ir. wrord for Carpenter age] The (nom. case) is saor or saer', s does not MACGUIN(N)ESS, v. Mac Ginness, Mac appear in Macintyre because, according Gennis. to Gael, phonetics, when a noun beginning MAC GUIRE (Celt.) Son of the PAle-Cqm- with s is preceded by the article the s is noUn is nominative fern., PLEXiONED [Ir. Mac Uidhir — mac, son + eclipsed when the uidhir, genit. of odhar, pale, sallovv] genitive masc, or (generally) dative masc, Cp. Hoare 2. and fem. Each eclipsable consonant has its own eclipsing letter; that of s is /. (Celt.) Son of Corc = Knife MAC GUIRKI Cp, Mactaggart = The Priest's Son. MAC GURK J [Ir. Mac Cuirc - cuirc, genit. of corc, a knife] MACINTOSH CCelt.) Son of the Chief or Prince [Gael. Mac-an-tdisiche} MAC HALE I for Mac Cahill (Celt.) Son of v. Cahill. Cathal: MAC IVERUCelt.-|-Teut.) Son of Iver : v. 2 the Irish Mac HHl,'Sa.\A (as, to the MAC IVOR/ Iver. main name) to be of Anglo-Norman origin. Dr. Mac Hale, Archbishop of Tuam, MAC IVERS(A.-Celt.-Teut.) Mac Iver's (Son) always spelt his name Machdil (Joyce). v. Mac Iver. MACK (Celt.) An abbreviation of one or other HARDY (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Hardy: MAC of the numerous Mac- names. V. Hardy.

(Celt.) for Mac Caradoc, Son of MAC KAGUE 1 for Mac Thaidhg (Manx-Celt.), Caradoc: V. Cradock. MACKAIG j Son of = the Poet or Philosopher. MACHELL (Fr.-Lat.) i Butcher [O.Fr. Cp. Keig. mac(h)el : cp. Lat. macellarius, a meat- purveyor] MACKAIN \ (Celt.) Son of Kain or Kane 2 also said to be a corr. of or used for MAC KANE J [Ir. Mac Cathain :v. O'KaIn] Malchien, Naughty Dog [Lat. mal-us 4- canis\ MACKAREL-i (A.-Fr.-]>at.) a nickname from MACKEREL the Mackerel [M.E. makarel, MACHENn f douhile dims, of MACKRELL maJereK, O.Fr. makerel (Fv. MACHIN [ (Fr.-Heb.) French maquereau), from the prim, form, maca, of MACHON I Matthew, q.v. Lat. macula, a spoti] MAC HENDRY (Gelt. -|-Teut.) Son OF Hendry Richard Makarel. Hund. Rolls. = Henry, q.v. MACKARNESS (? Scand.) An obscure name, Teut. or Celt.) Son of MAC HUGH (Celt.-f prob. local [O.N. ties, a promontory]. Hugh :'v. Hugh The name Mac Hugh Bardsleynotedthe occurrence of 'WiUiam is often the Anglicized form of the Ir. Mac de Maukurneys' in the Hund. Rolls (Lines), mute) Aedha, Son of Aedh or Aodh {(Jh and- the same spelling is found in a York- = Ardour. shire roll of 1 324-5. Guppy (' Tfie! Homes Cp. Magee. ^ of Family-Names,' p-agg) found that the ' MAC HUTCHON (Celt.-1-Teut. or Celt.) Son name in theform Mackaness was peculiarly 'of Hutchon, a diril. of Hugh, q.v. a Northamptonshire surname. MAC ILRAITH ) (Celt.) Sonofthe Grey or MACKAY (Celt.) Son of Aedh or Aodh =Art Serlvant - man dour [Qael. and Ir. Mac Aedha or Aodha(dh MAC ILRATH > Brindled , MAC ILWRAITH ' [Gael. Mac Gille-riabhaich mute) — mac. son + aedh, aodh (genit.

fire, ardour : cp. Wei. didd, — mac, son of + gille, m., servant -f- aedha, aodha), riabhaich, genit. of riabhach, grey, brindled] ardour] +

Mac Kean Mac Lay

(Celt. Heb.) Son of Sim, Aedh in its original application was MAC KIM 1 + q.v. [Gael. Shim, nom. probably used in the sense of a fiery MAC KIM M J Mac {sh = A] wairrior. The name has been in use in Sim ' Ireland from the most remote antiquity, q.v. , MAC KIN for Mac Kian, Gauls (^edM«) ; it used among the , arid was in the time of Julius Caesar.—Joyce, MAC KlNLAY\ (Celt.) Son of Cinfaoladh ,= Learned or Skilful Irish Names, ii. 150. MAC KINLEY J Leader [Ir. Mac Cinfhaolaidh {fh mute) MAC KEAN ^(Celt.) Son of Keen(e, q.v. — mac, son + genit. of cinfaoladh — cinn, MAC KEANDhAlso = Maoklan, q.v. head, leafier + faoladh, learned, etc.] MAC KEEN > MACKINNA = Mac Kenna, q.v. MAC KEATING (Celt.) Son of Keating, q.v. MAC KINNEY = Mac Kenny, q.v.' MAC KEE = MacKay, q.v. MAC KINNON (Celt.) Son of Fingon= Fair- MAC KEEVER, for Mao Iver, q.v. Birth [Gael, mac, son + the asp. form of fi{o)nn, fair + a der. of gin, to beget] MAC KELLAR (Celt. +Lat.) Son OF the Cellarer [Gael, wac, son + a borrowing MAC KINTOSH = Macintosh, q.v. from Lat. cellarius, cellarer; Lat. cella, storehouse] MAC KIRDY for Mac Hardy, q.v.

(Celt.) ? Son of'the Ser-' MAC KELVEY \ MACKLE for, Mickle, q.v. MAC KELVIE '^ vant of the DARK(Man) — [I r. and Gael. Mac Giolla Dhubhthaich MAG(K)LEHOSE, app. for Micklehose (Teut.) v. = mac, son + giolla, gille, servant : Duffy] Big Hose (a nickname) [O.E. micel O.N. mikill + O.E. O.N. hosa\ MAC KENDRICK, for Mac Hendrick (Celt. Teut.) Son of Hendrick, q.v. MACKLIN (Celt.) an asp. form {Mac Fhlainn

—fh mute) of Mac FlainHi Son of : MAC KENNA (Celt.) Son of Kenna, q.v. V. O'Flinn.

MAC KENNEY (Celt.) Son op Kenny, q.v. MAC KNIGHT (Celt.) = Mac Naught, q.v. MAC KENNY I (A.-Celt.) Son of the Knight : v. MAC KENZIE[(Gael.) Son of Coinnech = Knight. Handsome. MAC KOWEN for Mao Owen, q.v. MAC KEOGH (Celt.) Son of Eochaidh = v. Mackarel. Horseman [Ir. Mac Eochadha — mac, son MACKRELL,

. (genit. horseman + eochaidh eochadha), ; ech (Gael. eacA) a horse] M^gt^tiNE}^-^-^-"-'!- (Celt.) Son of Eoghan or MAC KEON \ MAC KYE =. Maokay, q.v. MAC KEOWN I Owen : v. Owen" [Ir. Mac Eoghain] MAC LACHLAN SoNOF Laohlan, q.v. (Celt.) Son of Kernan, q.v. MAC KERNAN MAC LAG^N (Celt.) app. Son of the Servant OF Aodhagan or Aedijagan = Ardour MAC KERROW (Celt.) Son of Kerrow, q.v. [Gael. Mac Gille Aodhagain : v. Egan, and MAC KEVITT (Celt.+Heb.) Son of David, ' cp. Maokay] q.v. [Ir. and Gael. Mac Dltevitt (dh mute] MAC LAINE = Mac Lean, q.v. MAC KEW for Mao Hugfi, q.v. MAC LAREN (Celt.+Lat.) Son OF Lawrence, q.v. [Gael. Mac Ldbhruinti]

MAC LARTY, a contr. form of Mac Flaherty, Son OF Flaherty, q.v. MAC KIAN (Celt.+Heb.)SoN OFlAiN = John, q.v. [Ir. and Gael. genit. of Mac Edin, MAC LAUGHLIN (Gelt.) Son of Laughlln or Iain\ Loughlin, q.v.

for Mac Gibbon (Celt. Teut), MAC KIBBIN + MAC LAWRIN = Mao Laren, q.v. Son of Gibbon: v. Gibbon. (Celt.) MAC LAY Son of Lay, q.v. ; or= Mao MAC KILLOP (Celt.+Gr.) Son of Philip, q.v. Leay, q.v. —

Mac Lean Mac Naughton

MAC LEAN (Celt.+Heb.) Son of the Ser- MAC MEECHAN'i (Celt.) Son ofMiadhachan vant of J o hn [Gael. Mac Gille-Edin - mac, MAC MEEHAN = the Noble or Honour- son + gille, m., servant + Edin, genit. of MAC MEAKIN able [Ir. miadhach + Iain, John : v, John] MAC MEEKIN the dim. suff. -rf«] MAC MICKEN MAC LEAR (Celt.) Son of Lear, q.v. ; or for Mac Lure, q.v. MAC (Celt.) Son of Michael, q.v.

MAC LEARY (Celt.) i Son of Leary, q.v. MAC MILLAN 1 (Celt.) Son of Millan or MAC MILLIN fMuLLAN = theBALD; MoNK, 2 for Mac Cleary, q.v. Disciple [Gael. Mac Mhaolain, genit. of

Maoldn : v. Mullan] MAC LEAVY \ (Celt.) Son of Donleavy = MAC LEAY J Brown of the Hill [Gael. The Irish form of this name is usually mac, son + donn, brown + shUibhe, genit. Mac Mullan. of sliabh, hill, mountain] MAC MINN (Celt.) Son of Meann = the MAC LELLAN "1 (Celt.) Son ofthe Servant Famous ; or the Kid [Ir. and Gael. Mac MAC LELLANDJ OF Fillan = Wolf [Gael. Minn, genit. of Meann^ Mac Gillfhaolain {fh mute) — mac, son + gille, servant + the genit. oifaolan\ MAC MORROUGH\ i the Irish MacMurchad- MAC MORROW [ ha: v. Mac Murchie. (Celt.) i Son of the Servant MAC LEN NAN MAC MURROW > 2 the Irish Mac Muiread- OF Finnan = Fair One [Gael, mac, son haigh : v. Mac Murray. + gille, m., servant + fhi(o)nn {fh mute) fair genit. of fi{o)nn, + the dim. suff. -dn\ MAC MULDROCH "I (Celt.) Son of the MAC MULDROW J Little Disciple [Ir. 2 Son of the Servant of Adamnan Mac Maoildroch — maol or mael, disciple, = Little Adam servant + droch, little, short]

MAC LEOD (Celt.+Scand.) Son of Lj6t= MAC MULLAN v(Celt.) Son of Mullan = Ugly [Gael, mac, son + O.N. Ij6t-r, ugly] MAC MULLEN Fthe Bald; Monk, Disciple: > MAC MULLIN -v. Mullan. MAC LEVEY = Mao Leavy, q.v. The Highland form of this name is

q.v. , MAC LOUGHLAN 1 (Celt.)SoN of Loughlan, usually Mac Millan,

MAC LOUGHLIN J q.v. MAC MURCHIE] (Celt.) Son of MAC MURCHY = SEA-WARRiOR[Ir. »!«(i>, MAC LUCKIE (Celt.-Lat.) Sow of Luckie, a J sea + the asp. form of cath, war, warrior] dim. of Luke, q.v. Cp. Murphy.

MAC LURE (Celt.) i Son OF the Leper [Gael, MAC MURRAY (Celt.) i Son of Morogh : v. and Ir. Lohhair -7 son Mac mac, + Murray. lobhair (bh = w), genit. of lobhar, a' leper]

2 for Irish Mac Murchadha : v. Mac 2 Son of the Servant of the Book Murchie. [Gael. Mac Gille Leabhair— mac, son 4- gille, m., servant -f leabhair (bh = w) MAC NAB > (Celt. + Lat.-Gr.-Syr.) Son of genit. of leabhar,,a. book] MAC NABB [ THE Abbot lGae\.Mac-an-Aba- mac,son+an, oi the+aba(,dh, genit. of db, MAC MAHON (Celt.) Son of Mathghamhan abbot — Lat. abbas, Gr. d/S/Soj, Syr. abbd,

= the Bear : v. Mahon a father] Cp. Mac Cabe. '

MAC MANN, app. corr. of Mac Mahon, q.v. Abair tri uairean Mac-an-Aba gun do chab a dhCinadh (Say three times Mac MAC MANUS (Celt. + Scand.-Lat.) Son of Nab{b without shutting' your mouth).^ Manus or Magnus = the Great [Lat. St. Cojumbus's Conundrums. magnus]

MAC NAGHT "I (Celt.) Son of Neachd = a MAC MASTER (Celt. + Lat.) SoN OF the MAC NAUGHT/ Pledge; or Pure One [Ir. Master [Gael, maighistear, Lat. magister, neachd] master] MAC NAGHTEN ) (Celt.) Son ofNeachtan

MAC NAUGHTAN > =,a Pledge ; or Pure

MAC MATH (Celt.) Son of the Good [Ir. MAC NAUGHTON 1 One [Ir. and Gael.neachd and Gael, math, good] 4- the dim. suff -rfn] ^

Mac Nair Mac Ready

MAC NAIR (Gael.) Son of the Heir [Gael. MACONOCHIE, v. Mac Con(n)achie. mac, son + an, of the + oighre, heir}* ORIS (Celt.+Gr.) Son Pierce. (Ir.) Son of the Riser [Ir. mac, son + MAC .1 of an, of the + ineirghS, riser] MAC ORISH J Pierce, A.-Ft. form of Peter, q.v. [In Mac Fheorais (fh mute), genit. of * This name is not from one source. Feoras] The Gairloch branch is desceaded from an Iain Odhar, whose is condensed name MAC OWAN \ (Celt.) Son of Owan or Owen: into In-uir. The pronunciation and other MAC OWEN ; V. Owen [Ir. Mac Eoghain, genit. facts point to a third origin also : Mac of Eoghan] I An-fhuidhir Ifh and dh mute] = the ' Stranger's Son. Prof. Mackinnon makes MAC PARLAN •, the unasp. forms of Mao the nume Fuibhir, and takes it from Lat. MAC PARLANd[ Parian, etc., q.v. faber, smith. MAC PARLIN I ' —MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 40. MAC PHAIL (Celt. +Lat.) Son of Paul, q.v. MAC NALLY (Celt.) Son OF the Poor- Man [Gael. MacPhail, genit. oi PM\ [Ir. Mac-an-Fhailgigh {fhmuXe) — mac, son

MAC Fie, q.v, 1 + an, of the+the genit. oifdilgeack, poor] PHEE =Mao

MAC NAMARA (Celt.) Son of Cumara = MAC PHERSON (Celt.+Lat.) Son of the

Hound of the Sea (prob. denoting a Parson : v. Parson [Gael^ and Ir. Mac skilful sailor) [Ir. and Gael. Mac Conmara Phearsuin, genit. of pearsun, parson — — mac, son + con, genit. of cti, a hound + Lat. persofia] mara, genit. of muir, the sea] MACQUADEl ,, _ .. MACQUAID I^Mac Quoid. MAC NAMEE (Celt.) Son of Cumidhe = the Meath Hound [Ir. Mac Conmidhe - con, MAC QUARRIE (Celt.) Son of Guaire = the genit. of cu, a hound + midhe, bel. to the Noble, Great [Gael, and Ir. guaire] ' Prov. of Meath] MAC QUEEN (Celt.) a Scotch asp. form of Ir. MAC NAY 1 Mac Sweeney, q.v. MAC NEAJ V. Mac Nee (Celt.+Norse)asp.formof MacSween, MAC NEAL y q.v. MAC NEALE [for Mao Neil(l, q.v. MACNEALL' MAC QUHAE asp. forms of \ Mao Quade : MACQUIE J V.Mac Quoid. MAC NEE (Celt.) Son of the Night [Ir. and MAC QUILLANl (Celt.) i Ir. Gael. Mac-na-h-Oidhche—mac, son + na, Mac Uid{h)ilin of the + the phon. insertion h+oidhche, MACQUILLINJ 2 confused with Mac Cullen, q.v. night]

MAC NEIL ^ MACQUILLIAM (Celt.+Teut.) Son of

MAC NEILE KCelt.) Son of Neil(l : v. Nellfl William, q.v. macneill' MACQUIN \(Celt.) Son of Conn = the MAC NEILLY (Celt.) Son of Fileadh = the MAC QUINN; Wise One [Ir. mac, son + Bard, Poet [Ir. Mac-an-Fhiledh (/A mute) cuinn, genit. of conn, wise one] —mac, son J- an, of the + the genit. of fileadhl MAC QUIRE = Mao Guire, q.v.

MAC NEISH (Celt.) Son of q.v. \ Angus, MAC QUIRK = Mao Guirk, q.v. MAC NISH J [Gael. Mac Naois, a dial, form of Mac Angus] MAC QUOID (Celt.) Son of the Yellow- Haired [Ir. and Gael. Mac Bhuidhe MAC NICHOLL^ (Celt. Gr. Son (J}k^ + ) of tu) -buidhe, yellow (haired] MAC NICOL [Nic(h)ol, a dim. of MAC NICOLL > Nio(h)olas, q.v. MAC RAE (Celt.) Son of Rath = GRAttEor Luck [Gael. Mac Railh (th = A] '^''°''%^}S0N0FNiven, q.v. MAC NIVII (Gelt.orCelt.+Teut.)SoNOFRAE: v. Rae = Ray. MAC NULTY (Celt.) Son of Ultach = the Ulsterman [Ir. Mac-an-Ultaigh - mac, MAC READY (Celt.+Teut.) Son of REDDiE.a son + an, of the + the genit. of Ultach] dim. of Redmond, q.v. Mac Ritchie Ma£:enni5

MAC RITCHIE (Celt. + Teut.) Son of MAO WALTER (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Walter Ritchie, a dim. of IRichard, q.v. q.v.

(q.v.) MAC ROBBIE 1 (Celt. + Teut.) Son of MAC WALTERS 1 = Mao Walter + genit. suff. MAC ROBIE J Robbie, a dim. ot Robert,q.v. MAC WATERS J the E. -i

MAC ROBERT (Celt.+Teut.) Son of Robert, MAC WATT \.(Celt.+Teut!) SonofWatt, q.v. MAC WATTIE JWattie, dims, of Walter, q.v. MAP ROBERTS = Mao Robert (q.v.) + the Eng. genit. -i suff. MAC WEAN = Mao Queen, q.v. Yellow- MAC RORY (Celt.>SoNOFRuADHRi:v. Rory, , MACWHA l(Celt.) Son of the [Ir. MAC WHAE J Haired (One) MacBhuidhe MAC RURY = Mac Rory, q.Vi (bh as Mi; dh m\xte) -buidhe, yellow (hair- ed] MAC SHANE (Ir. -|- Heb.) Son of John, q.v. [Ir. Mac Seoiiij MAC WILLIAM (Celt. + Teut.) Son of Wil-'

' Ham, q.v. , MAC SHERRY, Son of Sherry, q.v. MAC WILLIAMS = Mao William (q.v,) + the (Celt. Norse) Son of Sween MAC SWEEN + Eng. genit. -5 suff. or SwAWi = the Swain [O.N. sveinn, a swain, boy]

. (Celt.) See Mao Sweeney. MACEY}='«^^^«y'q-^;

' [Ir.Madadhan MAC SWEENEY MADDEN \ (Celt.) DoG,HoUND a dog the dim. suff. MAC SWEENY MADDIN J — madadh, + -dn} MAC SWINAY (Celt.) Son of Suibhne : MAC SWINEY V. Sween(e)y. (Cfelt.) Goodly, Beneficent MAC SWINNEY MADDICK \ , MADDOCKJ [Wei. forms Madawc, Madog; good] MAC TAGGART (Celt.) Son of the Priest Wei, madog, goodly — wad, ,, (Gael. Mac'an-t-shagairt] Madawc \he son of Maredudd [Mere- Powys within its bound- The Gael, word for ' priest' (nom. case) dith] possessed to eclipsis see the aries, from Pprfoed to Gwauan in the is sagart ; for the rule as note under Mao Intyre. uplands of ArwystU.— 'The Dream of Rhonabwy ' : Mab inogion, tr. Guest. MAC TAG UE (Celt.) Son OF the Poet [Ir. genit. of Tadg, a poet] , Mac Taidhg, :v. MADDISON 1 I Maud's Son Maud. 2 q.v. MAC TAVISH (Celt.+Heb.) Son of Thomas, MADISON J = Mattison, q.v. [Gael. Mac TamhaiS, genit. of Tamos] MADDOCKS'l (A.-Celt.) Maddock's (Son) : Maddook MAC TEAR ^ MADDOX Jv. q.v. MAC TEER [ forms of Mao Intyre, MADEWELL(Epg.) Dweller at the Meadow- MAC TIER I Well [O.E. mddd, meadow + im»lle\ Cp. Mao Ateer. ' MAC TIERNAN (Celt.) SoN OF Tighearnan: MADGE, V. Mafegs V. Tiernan. MAPIN = Madden, q.v. Poet [Ir. MAC TIGHE \ (Celt.) Son of the a (Eng.) Bel. to Madley or Madeley MAC T\GUE I Mac Taidhg, genit. of Tadg, MADLEY poet] = the Meadow-Field [O.E. m(hd + ledh]

(Celt.) Son of the Yellow- or = MAC VEIGH 1 MAGEE (Celt,)- Son of Aedh Aodh MAC VEY } Haired (One) [Ir. MacBhuidhe Ardour [If. Mac Aedha 01 MacAodha (dh myite)—buidhe, yel- MAC VIE J (6* as i; ; dh mute)—mac, son + the genit. of aedh, low (haired] ardour] aodh, ardour, fire : cp. Wei. aidd, Son of the Aidar) MAC VICAR \ (Celt. +Lat.) Cp. Maokay ; also ,[La.t.vicarius] MACVICKER J Vicar = Mao Quade = Mac Quoid MAC WADE ilJlAGlNNIsl^^^"^^"""''^-" q;v. — — ;:

lO Mageoghegan Male

MAGEOGHEGAN (Celt.) Son of Echegan = (Fr.-Celt.) One from the Duchy of (Little) Horse [Ir. Mac Echegain—mac Maine [Fr. Maine, the Lat.-Celt. Cenoma- son + the genit. oi ech{e)gdn, dim. aiech, nia'\ a horse] (Fr.-Lat.) name derived from an armorial or trade sign of a Hand (or a nick- IMAGER, I a var. of Meager, q.v. name) [Fr. main, Lat. man-us, the hand] 2 V. Major. MAINPRICE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Surety [Fr. main, Lat. the MAGERAGHTY (Celt.) Son of Oirechtach MAINPRISE J man-us, hand + prise, or AlREACHTACH = theJ^OBLEMAN [Ir. Mac a taking, f. pp. pris of prendre, to take Oirechtaigh ov Mac Aireachtaigh—mac, son Lat. prehendere\ genit. of the + aireach, a noble + taigh, MAINWARING (Fr.-Lat.-Teut.) Bel. to Mes- 5. plen. suff. -tacK\ nilwarin (France) = the Manor of Warin [v. Mennell and Warin] MAGGS (A.-Gr.) Magg's (Son): Magg, a dim. of Margaret = a Pearl [Lat. margarita, Gr. Robert de Meynwaring. Hund. Rolls. piapyapLTTi^, a pearl] Warin de Menwarin. Cal- Inq. P.M.

MAGILL = Mac Gill, q.v. MAIR I Scot, forms of Mayer or Mayor, "I q.v. [Gael, waor, an officer] MAI RE/ , MAGI ='^3-C Gi""! Mao Gennis, q.v- 2 the A.-French Mair(e = Mayor, q.v. MAGI NN I Ne to be mair above men MAGINESS Ne mynystre under kynges. —Piers Plowman, 9486-7. MAGINNESS \ = Magennis, Mac Gennis,

MAGINNIS ) q.v. MAISEY "1 (Celt.) .Fair, Handsome [Gael. MAIZEYJ maiseacK] MAGNUS (Scand.-Lat.) Great [Lat. magnus] (Scot.-Gr.) a dim. (Maisie) of Margaret Cp. Mac Manus V. Maggs MAGRATH _ >. „ (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Maitland \ '^^° oraitn,Craith aq.v.V MAITLAND MAGRAW / (Haddington), prob. = ' the Meadow- land' [O.E. mckd-land] if not 'the MAGSON, Mag(g)'s Son : v. Maggs. Wormy Land ' [O.E. ma'Sa (Ger. made) MAGUIRE = Mac Guire, q.v. worm, maggot + land]

MAHER (Celt.) for their. O'DfaheroxO'Meagh- MAJOR (Lat.) Greater, Bigger [Lat. major, er. Descendant of Meachair = the comp. of magnus] Fair, Handsome [Ir. and Gael. meachair\ Cp. Mayor (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Peacemaker, MAHON (Celt.) the Bear [Ir. and Gael. MAKEPEACE I Mediator [M.E. mak, maken, O.E. macian MAHONE J tnathghamhuin] to make -1- M.E. paes, peas, pais, O.Fr. pais (Fr. paix), Lat. pax, pads, peace] MAH8Nr}f°'-°''^^'^''"«y''i-^- MAKIN = May (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. MAIDMAN (Eng.) i Meadow-Man lO.E.mckd -iin mead(ow + mantt] MAKINS, Makin's (Son) l^Motir, '^^ "'a"^'" 2 confused with the succeeding name. MAKINSON, Makin's Son J MALBY for Maltby, q.v. MAIDMENT (Teut.) Power - Protection [O.Teut. Medmund, etc. — Madmunt, MALCOLM \ (Celt.) (Shaven) Servant or * mad, * mid = O.E. mdsip, power, MALCOM J Disciple of St. COLUMBA [Gael. reverence, etc. + O.H.Ger. munt = O.E. mael, shaven one, monk, servant, disciple mund, protection] -i- Coluim, of Columba] MALDOON = Muldoon, q.v. MAIL Male, q.v. MAILE i MALE (Celt.) Shaven One ; Monk, Disciple

' "1 [Gael, and Ir. mael, maol, prim. bald MAIN (Teut.) Strength [M.E. mazH, O.E. '] MM^E]mcegen = O.Sax., O.N., O.H.Ger. 2 Dweller at a Bald or Bare Hill or megin, strength, power (a fairly common Cape [same etym.] element in O.Teut. names] (Eng.) for Mayhall, q.v. — ' — —;

II Males Manchester

MALES (A.-Celt.) Male's (Son) : v. Male MALONEY ) (Celt.) for the Irish O'MaoWAowA- MALONY \ naigh {dh and mh mute) = MALIN \like Molly, a double dim. of Mary, Grandson of the Servant or Disciple MALLIN J also of Matilda [v. under Malkin] OF DoMHNACH [Ir. d or ua, grandson; maol, servant, disciple] MALKIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double dim. of early form = Might Matilda, Mahthild MALPAS \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mal pas (in) [O.Sax.O.H.Ger. maht = O.E. War MALPASS J (Chesh.)=the Bad Pass or Road m{eidht, miht (= Goth, maht-s) = O.N. [Fr. mal pas, Lat. mal-us+pass-us, a. step, »!a'«-r, might, power + O.Sax. O.E. hild track] = O.H.Ger. hilt\= O.N. hild-r, war, battle] This pure French name on the Welsh The second element of Matilda is there- border is due to the old Norman Castle fore the Teut. female christian name which was built to command the pass. Hilda. (A.-Heb.) a double dim. of Mary = MALSTER (Eng.) for Maltster (orig. female) - Bitterness \H^h. MdrdK} Malt Maker [M.E. maltestere ; O.E. m{e)aU -\- the fern, agent, suff. estre'\ Malkin became a provincialism for a slut; and even a scarecrow. MALTBY (Scand.) Bel. to Maltby = a Malt- The kitchin malkin pinnes Her richest HousE [ScauA. malt + by'\ Idckrara 'boiit her leechie necke. —Shak,, Cortol, 11. 1.224. MALtHOUSE"! (Eng.) Keeper of a. Malt.' MALTHUS J House [O.E. »!(^)aft + Wjr] MALLAN 1 (Celt.) Bald; Monk, Disciple [Ir. MALLON dim. suff. -dn\ "\ Maeldn—mael + the MALTMAN (Eng.) Malt-Maker [O.E. m{e)alt MALLIN + mann\

MALLARD (Fr.-Teut.) i a nickname from the MAN "I (Eng.) Vassal, Servant ; Hero Wild Drake [M.E. O.Fr. malard, malart, MANN/ [O.E. »2a«B, man, vassal, hero] a wild drake] This name is found in the Liber Vitae 2 the French Ma{i)llard, L.Lat. Male- (gth cent, ff.), and in early times was hard-us, O.Ger. Madelhard = Speech- or doubtless often used as an heroic appella-

Council- Strong [the Cont.Teut. cognate tion : later the notion of vassalage or ser- of O.'E.mce^el, speech, council, etc. + O.Sax. vice was more fully developed. hard=Gotii.hardu-s=0.li.Gex.hart=0.'E,. Previously to paying the iwergild, the

h(e)ard, hard, strong, etc.] ' king's mund ' (a fine to the king for breach of his protection) was to be levied MALLET \ I (Fr.-Lat.) Naughty [Fr. mal after which, within twenty-one daySj the MALLETTJ (Lat. mal-us) -|-the dim. suff. -rt] 'healsfang' (apprehensio coUi, collistrig- Cp. Bonnett. ium) was to be discharged; and after 2 Accursed [Norm. Fr. waafeft, pp. of that, within;twenty-onedays, the 'manb6t,', or indemnity to the lord of the verb maleir, tOjCurSe ; Lat. tftaledicere] the slain for the loss of his man.— , Maleit seit oi cil aucidenz. , Lappenberg-Thorpe, ^.-Sajr.iTJM^i, ii. 413. ' (pursed be to-day that mischance) , 0€n., Chron.de Norm., y.iiS9i;'Mio\sy. Like master, like man.^O\A Proverb. Malet is on the mural list of The vassal or tenant, kneeling, ungirt, "Compagnons de Guillaume 4 la con- uncovered, and holding up his hands quSte de I'Angleterre en MLXVl" in between those of his lord, professed that Dives (Calvados) Church; also in the he did become his matt from that day copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey. forth, of Hfe, limb, and earthly honour. Blackstone; Webster. MALLEY, v. O'Malley. •Henry le Man. Hund. Rolls.

MALLINSON 1 (Celt.) Bel. to (the Isle of) Man [ ? qym- Mal(l)in's Son : v, Mal(l)if). MALLISON ; nc man, place, or district]

MALLOCH \ (Celt.) the Irish Mocheallo^, the MAN BY (Scand.) Bel. to Manby (Lines), 13th flourished ' ' MALLOCK J name of a saint who cent. Manby = ? Mann's,' or Magne's' at the beginning of the 7th cent, and gave Estate [O.N. by-rj his name to Kilmallock in Limerick. MANCHESTER (A.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel to Man- MALONE (Celt.-1-Heb.) Servant or Disciple chester, the mameceaster of the A.-Saxon OF St. John: v. John [Ir. Mael Edin'\ Chronicle and prob. the Mancunium ——— :

12 Mander Manson

of Roman times [cp. Wei. mdti, a place ; MANNERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Of the Manors the second element is O.E. ceaster, a [O.Fi'. manoir, a mansion manoir, maneir,

(Roman) city, Lat. castra, a camp] to dv^ell ; Lat. manere\ states that the ancestors of MANDER = Maunder, q.v. Dugdale the Rutland (Manners) family were MANDERS = Maunders, q.v. 'persons of great note in Northumberland for in 25 Henry II. Henry de Maners MANDERSON = Maunderson, q.v. paid 80 marks for livery of his father's lands in that country.' Burke's Peerage, MAN DEVI LLE (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mandeville &c. (Normandy) = the Great Estate [corr. of The name was Latinized de Maneriis Lat. Magna Villa'] MANNING (Eng.) Mann's Son : v. Man(n, Both Mandeville, Eure, and Mande- and + the O.E. fil. suff. -ing ville, Calvados, occur as Magna Villa in the i2tli cent. Manning was the name of a moneyer temp. iS:thelred I. Cp. Manville MANNION, an asp. form of Mangan, q.v. MANDRELL = Mander or Maunder, (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -el [Lat. ell-us] MANSELL (A.-Fr.-Lat) One Belonging to a [A.-Fr. ma(u)nsel Manse ; a Farmer ^ ;

"I Bel. MANESTY (Eng.) to Manesty (Cum- Fr. manse, land sufficient to support a MANISTY / berland),- - app, = the Common h family ; L.Lat. jwansa, a farm ; Lat. mansus, or Public Sty, or Road [O.E. ge)mcbne, pp, of manere, to reside + the Fr. suff. common, public stig, sty, pen or + a ; stig, -el, Lat. -ell-US'] a path, road]

. Sampson le Maunsel.^-jHa«rf. Rolls. MANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Manfield = the Robert le Mansel. Plac. Dam. Cap. Common Field [O.E. ge)mikne, common, Westm. pubhc +felc[\ In its original (French) home this sur- is MANGAN "I (Celt.) i for the Irish ff Mongain, name now found as Manseau, Manceau,

MANGIN J Grandson or Descendant of Mancel, &c. MoNGAN = Hairy [Ir. mong, (long) hair, On donnait, au moyen Sge, le nom de mane + the dim. suff. -dn\ Mansel a I'individu qui cultivait une 2 for the Irish O' Managain, Grandson manse ou qui 6tait pr6pos6 a la percep- or Descendant of Managan tion de ses revenus.^- Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 263. MANGER (Eng.) Merchant, Trader, I for q.v. Dealer [O.E. tnan{c)gere] MANSER Mansergh,

2 for I, q.v. Hvvaet s»gst );u, Mancgere ? Mansel Quid dicis tu, Mercator ? MANSERGH (Teut.) Bel. to Mansergh (West- Mlfrici Colloquium, loth cent. moreland) = Mann's (? Harrow-) Land [v. Man(n, andcp. M.Dan, harge, a harrow MANIFOLD. Dweller by the River Manyfold also cp. O.E.pldh, a plot of (plough-) land] or Manifold, co. Staffs. MANSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Mansfield = the MANISTY, V. Manesty. Field or Plain of the River Maun or Mann [the river-name is probi Celt., MANLEYl (Eng.) Bel. to Manley = ? Wei. {afon) man, small (river) + O.E. I Manna 'sLea [A.-Sax. feld] MANLY J — *Maman- ledh Mannan, genit. of Mannd\ Mansfield is situated on the N. bank of 2 the Common Lea [O.E. ge)mckne, the small river Maun or Maun.—Nat. Gaz. common, public + ledfi] MANSON ffing.) Man(n)'s Son : v. Man(n (Celt.) corr. forms of Mac Neilly (q.v.) arid -f- O.E. sunu. or of Mac Nally (q.v.) (Sopt.-Scand.) an assim. form of Mag" nusson = Magnus's Son [Lat. MAN LOVE (Eng.) Man-Beloved [A.-Sax. magnus, great -|- O.N. sun-r'] Manleof-—man(n, man, hero + ledf, be- loved, dear] Magnus was adopted by the Norsemen as a name out of admiration for Charle- MANNERING for Malnwaring, q.v. magne (Carolus Magnus). );

13 iyiantc;l(l Marison

MANTEL(L \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.)a.^icknameortrade- A marchant was ther with a forked berd MANTLE J name [M.E. O.Fr. mantel (Fr. In mottelye, and hye on horse he sat. Az'jo-i. manieau), a cloak ; Lat. mantell-um, a — Chaucer, Cant. Tales, covering] MARCOCK = Mark (q.v.) + the pet suff. rEngO Bel. to Manton (Lines, Rut- MANTON -cock. land,. &c.) = (prob.) Man(n)a's Estate [O.Ktun] MARCROFT (Eng.) Dvirelier at i the Lake- Manton, Worcester, was the A.-Sax. Field [O.E. mere, a lake croft] Mantun. + 2 the Boundary-Field [O.E. mckre, a MANUEL for Immanuel : v. Emanuel. ' boundary -\r croft]* MAN US, V. Mac Manus. MARCUS (A.-Lat.), V. the more usual Eng. MANVILLE (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Manneville form Mark. (Normandy) == the Great Estate [Lat. Marcus's Son: v. Marcus. Magna Villa] MARCUSON, Manneville, Calvados, occurs as Magna MARDEN (Eng.) Bel., to Marden = i the i2ot; Villa in Manneville -sur-Risle; pool 4- , Pool-Valley [O.E. mere, a denui

: , Eure, in the, i cent. , was Magna Villa ith a valley] Cp. Mandeville. 2 the Boundary-Valley [Q.E. m(&re, MANWARING = Mainwaring, q.v. a boundary] But Marden, Wilts, was the A.-Saxori MAPLE \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Maple- Mere-dun, ' the hill by the mere.' MAPLESJ Tree(s [O.E. mapul-treif\

MAPLESON I Mabel's Son: v. under Mabb. MARDON (Eng.) usually for Marden (q.v.)i; but -doit normally represents O.E. dun, a 2 for Mapieston, q.v. down, hill. MAPLESTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Maple's Enclosure [O.E. mapul (-treo), maple MARGARET (A.-Lat.-Gr.) Pearl (Lat. malr- enclosure] tiin, garita, Gr. liapryajtlTiis]

MAPP, a sharpened form of Mabb, c[-V- MARGERISON, Margery's .Son : v. Margery ' • '- . . MAPPIN for Mabbin, a double dim. oi Mabel: v. Mabb. Margery, a dim. of Margaret, q.v.

MARA (Celt.) i for O'Meara, q.v. MARGET(T ^ 2 a shortening of Mac Namara, q.v. MARGIN \ double dims.ofMargaret, q.v. MARGOT J MARCER = Mepcen, q.v.

(Eng.) Dweller at a Boundary, MARGETSON, Marget's Son 1 „ .«„ '^^t/t MARCH ^- W"arget(t. Border, Frontier, Mark [M.E, marehe, MARG ETTS, MARdETT s (Son) j p.E. m{e)arc\

Austyn at Caunterbury MARGINSON, Margin's Son : v. Margin. Cristnede the kyng, And thorugh miracles, as men now rede, MARGISON 1 Margy's or Margery's Son : Al tliat marehe he tornede MARGISSONJ V.Margery. To Crist and to cristendom; —Piers Plowman, 10513-17. MARGRIE, V. Margery. March, Cambs, had the same spelling in the 13th cent. MARIGOLD (Heb. -|- Eng.) the flower-name [(the Virgin) Afary, Heb. Jlfrfriffcbitterness MARCHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Marcham, Berks -f O.E. gold (from the colour]; gtli cent. Latin charter, Mercham — the March-Land [v. under March, and + MARION ) (A.-Fr.-Heb.) dims, of Mary = O.E. ham{m, a piece of lat^d, enclosure] MARYON (Bitterness [Heb. Mdrdh; with the Fr. dim. suff. -on] MARCHANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Merchant J [M.E. marcha{u)nt, O.F. march{e)ant (Fr. mar- ' MARISON, Mary's Son. chand) ; f.Lat. mercans, pres. p. oi mercari,

to trade] , Confused with Morlson, q.v. 14 Marjoribanks Marfiner

MARJORlBANKS(Scot.)Bel.toMarjoriebanks. MARLEY (Eng.) Dweller at i tlie Lake-Lea [O.E. mere, a lake -|- ledh (M.E. ley] ' When, Walter, High Steward of Scot- land, and ancestor of the royal house of 2 the Boundary- Lea [O.E. mdsre +

1 Stewart, espoused Marjorie (Margaret), ledK] I only daughter of Robert Bruce, and Eventually heiress to the crown, the MARLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Marlow (Bucks), barony of Ratho was granted by the king the Domesday Merlawe = the Hill or as a marriage portion to his daughter, by Tumulus by the Mere [O.E. mere, a lalc'e -1- hlAw] charter which is still extant ; and these lands, being subsequently denominated MARMION (Fr.) a nickname = Little " Terra de Ratho Marjorie-banks," gave l MARMON Monkey [O.Fr. marmion, a mar- rise to the name of Marjoribanks.' J mot or small monkey ; merme, very small —Burke's Landed Gentry, ed. 1849. I (Scheler) -|- the dim. suff, -i-oii]

MARK, the Latin AfarcMJ, a common 1 Roman prsenomen (gen. abbreviated M.) = M A R N E R (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Mariner, Sailor

[M.E. O.Fr. mariner (Fr. marin, marinier) ; Hammer [Lat. marcus, a hammer ; dim. marculus] Lat. marin-us, marine] (Eng.) Dweller at a Mark or Boundary MARPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Marple, anc. Murpull [O.E. m(e)arc\ = (app.) the Moor-Pool [O.E. mdr-\-pul]

MARKEY (Celt.) Horseman, Rider [Ir. mar- But for the old form recorded it would each = Gael, marcaiche — marc, a horse] have been natural to refer the first ele- ment of this name to the O.E. mdere, ' a MARKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Markham = the boundary,' as Marple is on the R. Gort, Mark- or Boundary- Land [O.E. m{e)arc which there separates the counties of + hamifri] Chester and Derby. MARKLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Mark- or I genit. (or pi.) of q.v. Boundary-Land [O.E. m{e)arc + land] MARPLES Marple, 2 a corr. form of Maples, q.v. MARKS \ I Mark's (Son) : v. Mark' MARX 2 for Marcus, q.v. J MARR (Celt.) Bel. to Mar(r (Aberdeensh.), 12th cent. Marr, which the late Whitley MARKSON, Mark's Son : v. Marki Stokes thought was from a tribal name. MARL 1 (Fr.-Lat.) the French Marie, Merle, (Eng.) Bel. to Marr (Yorks), 14th cent. MARLE J a nickname from the Blackbird Merre, prob. = the Pool [O.E. mere] [Fr. merle, Lat. merula] Cp. the Northumbrian dialect - vyord (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Celt.) Dweller at the Marl mar, ' a pool.' [O.Fr. marie, L.Lat. margila, dim. of Lat. marga, marl ; Celtic] MAR RAT Cp. Clay. MARRATT (Teut.) the O.Teut. name - element, MARRETT Marl-, Merl-, Marl- (as in A.-Sax. Mcerle- MARRIAN n) [f. mdri, mdere, famous] MARRIN (A. - Fr.-Heb.) dims, of Mary == ? MARRION Bitterness [Heb. Mdrdh; with MARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at i the Lake- MARRIOT the Fr. dim. suffixes -at, -et, -at, Land [O.E. mere ^- land:] MARRIOTT -in, -on] 2 the Boundary-Land [O.E. MARRITT mdire + MARRYAT land] MARRYATT MARLBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Marlborough MARYON J Marlborough, Wilts, occurs in the A.- MARRIAGE (Eng.) doubtless a place-name : Sax. Chronicle (A.D. 1 1 10) as Mcerlebeorg the suff. is prob. for — -ridge or -wjich ; the . 'to Eastron he (Henry) vvses aet Mserle- first element representing either O.E. beorge ' [O.E. beorg, a hill ; the first por- mcBre, ' ' tion of the name is prob. the A. - Sax. boundary,' or O.E. mere, lake.' name-element Mcerle, f. m(kre, famous, But note O.E. mder-hege, 'boundary- glorious] hedge.'

MARLER (Eng.) Marl-Worker [v. under MARRINER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Mariner [Fr. 7nari- and the E. agent, suff. f. Marl, -f- -er] , nier, marin, marine; Lat. marin-us] 1

15 Marrison Maslin

MARRISON (A.-Heb.) Mary's Son. MARTINDALE (Eng.) Bel. to Martindale, for

Martondale : v. Marton, and-|- O.E.dml. Confused with Morrison, q.v.

MARROW (Eng.) Companion, Mate, Lover MARTINEAU, v. the Appendix of Foreign [M.E. marwe] Names [dim. suff. -eau, earlier -el, Lat. (Celt.) for Morrow, q-v. -ell-us]

MARRSHEng.) Dweller at the Mar(r)s or MARTINET, v. the Appendix of Foreign MARS J Meres [v. Marr 2] Names [dim. suff. -et]

MARSDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Marsden (Lanes, MARTINS, Martin's (Son) 1 \ ^' Martin. MARSDIN JYorks, and Durhani) = the MARTINSON, Martin's Son J Marsh-Valley [O.E. mersc, a marsh + denu, a valley] MARTLAND, for Markland, q.v.

MARSH (Eng.) Dweller on Low, Wei Land, MARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Marton = the Pool- a [O.E. Morass mersc] Farmstead [O.E. mere + tiin]

MARSHAL 1 (A. - Fr. - Taut.) ht. Horse- MARTYN = Martin, q.v. MARSHALLJ SERVANT; Farrier; later, StewARD[M..E,.marschdl,marcl!al,marshall, MARVIN (Eng.) i Sea-Finn [A.-Sax. Merefin—

< etc., O.Fr. maresc{h)al {Fr.marechal, farrier; mere, sea, lake -1- the national name]

field-marshal) ; O.H.Ger. mardscalh — 2, Famous Finn [A.-Sax. Marfin—mCkre, marah, a horse + sealh (O-H. scealc), a famous, glorious] ' servant] There has naturally been confusion with And with that word he gan unto hym calle :the next name. A squier, that was marchal of his halle. —Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 1929-30. MARWIN (Eng.) i Famous Friend [A.-Sax. McBrwine — mtkre = O. Sax. O.H.Ger. Gentil furent li senescal mdri, famous = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. Gentil furent li marescal. -f wine friend] —Wace, Rom. de Rou, 5963- wini, 2 Sea-Friend IA.-Sax. Merewine—mere, MARSLAND (Eng.) Dweller at 1 the Pool- sea, lake] . Land [O.E. meres, genit. of mere, a pool f land] MARWOOD (Eng.) Bel. to Marwodd = i the 2 the Marsh-Land [O.E. mersc + land] Pool-Wood [O.E. mere + wudu] 2 the Boundary-Wood [O.E. mckre .+ MARSON I for Marston, q.v. wudu]

2 Mark's Son : v. Mark. MARX = Marks, q.v. MARSTON (Eng.) Bel, to Marston =1 the- MASCALL 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) prob. for Marscal Pool-Farmstead [O.E. meres, genit. of MASCOLLJ (Maresc(h)al), the hard form of mere, a pool + tiin] Marshall, q.v. 2 the Marsh-Farmstead [O.E. mersc Gilbert le Marscale.—i/Mnrf. Rolls. + ttitt] MASH (Eng.) i meton. for Mash-Maker [der. MARTEL \ the French Martel — Hammer of O.E. (a nickname, as in the case miscian, to mix] MARTELLJ of , Charles Martel) [O.Fr. martel, f Lat. 2 for Marsh, q.v. martul-us] Robert Martel.—/f«««;. Rolls. MASKALL^ MASKELlU. Mascall, &c. MARTEN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Martin, q.v. MASKILL I (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the MASKERY , Marten or Weasel [for martern, M.E. japp.forMuskery, q.v. O.Fr. »!ar

the god of war] 2 an assira. form of Marcelin, a dim. f. to (Eng.) Bel. Martin, for Marten, q.v. Lat. Marc-US : v. Marki. 1 — .

i6 Mason Maudesley

(Eng.) melon, for (i) Maker or Seller MATHESON for Matthewson, q.v.

of Maslins . [M.E. maselin, maselyn, a Prob. occ. also for Matherson, q.v..

, goblet or bowl,' sometimes made of muslin In theNorth Highlands AfaMe50« is used . (a mixed metal like brass), but generally of maple-wood: O.'E. mces(t)ling, mmslen,. as a translation of Macmahon, q.v. a kind of brass, a metal vessel] MATHEW = Matthew, q.v. 2 Worker in Maslin, a kind of brfj-ss [see above] MATHEWS = Matthews, q.v. They fette [fetched] hym first the MATH IAS, V. Matthew. Mathias is also a 1 sweet e wyn Continental Teut. form. And mede eek in a maselyn. —Chaucer, Ca«<. Tafej, B 2041-2. MATHIESON, 1 for Matthewson, q.v.

Nor brass, nor copper, nor mastlin, npr MATHISON, I Prob. occ. also for Mather-

mineral. Lingua, O.Pl., v. 192 ; T.Wright. son, q.v. MATHWIN (Eng.) Power -Friend [A.-Sax. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) (Fr.' MASON [O.Fr. masson Mathwine — v. under Mather 2, and -|- mafon), of Teut. orig.] O.E. wine = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. zt)i«i=O.N. This name may also be for Mayson, q.v. vin-r, friend], MATKIN, a double dim. of Matthew, q.v. MASSER (Eng.) i Merchant [O.E. massere] 2 Mass-Priest MATKINS, Matkin's (Son) 1 .. [O.E. mcessere] "vatKin. ' MATKINSON, Matkin's SoN J MASSEY ^ (Fr.) 1 Bel. to Mac6, Mtcey, or MASSIE ) Massy (villages in Normandy) = MATLAND = Maitland, q.v. MASSY ) Matheus's Estate [La t. Ma^Az- acum; -dc-um being the Lat. form of the MATSON, Mat(t)'s Son; v. Matt. Gaul. poss. suff. -dc-os] MATT, a dim. of Matthew, q.v.

A de Mad ocpnrs in the list of ' Com- pagnons de Guillaume a la Conquete de MATTERSON = Matherson, q.v.

I'Angleterre en MLXVI ' graven over the main doorway (inside) of the old Church MATTEY ^ at Dives. MATTAY } forms of Matthew, q.v. MATTHEY j 2 a contr. form (Ma€^,'Macey) oiMatthieu = Matthew, q.v. MATTHEW (A. - Lat. -Gr. -Heb.) Gift of Jehovah [Lat. Matthaus, Matthias, Gr. for q.v. MASSINGER Messenger, MarSaios, MarBlas, Heb. Mattathidh — MASSINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Massingham mattath, a gift -f ydh, abbrev. of Jehdvdhi (Norf61k), 13th cent. Massingham and Mat(t)hew is used as an Anglicization Messingham = the Home of the M^ssa of Mahon, q.v. , Family [A.-Sax. Massingahdm inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + kdm, home] MATTHEWS, Matthew's (Son) \ v. MATTHEWSON,Matthew'sSon; Matthew MASSON (Fr.) i = Mason, q.v. MATTHIAS, V. Matthew. 2 a dim. f. Mass(e: v. under Maslin. MATTINSON MASTERMAN (Eng.) Master's Man or 1 for'""^ Matthewson"viaxtnewson, aq.v.V MATTISON I Servant. , for MASTERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the MATTOCK Maddock, q.v. [M.E; Master's (Son) maister, O.Ft. maistre, for MASTERSON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) MATTOCKS Maddocks, q.v. Lat. the Master's Son magister] MATTS, Matt's (Son) 1^ „.^ MATES prob. = Matts, q.v. MATTSON, Matt's Son / '"^"

MATHER (Eng.) i Movjter [O.E. mck'Sere] MAUD \ dims, of Matilda: v. under 2 Power-Army [A.-Sax. Mcethhere — MAUDE J Malkin ante. m(B% power, capacity, rank, reverence -f here, army] MAUDESLEY% MATHERS, Mather's (Son) [„ .. MAUDSLAY [v. Mawd(e)sley. ;^- "^atner.r. MATHERSON, Mather's Son MAUDSLEY > ——— — —— —

17 Mauger Mayor

MAUGER (Fr.-Teut.) a French descendant MAWSON (Eng.) Maw's Son : v. Maw, esp.^ of the O.Ger. Madelgerr=CovHcih-SPEAR [the Cont. Teut. cognate of O.K. (Teut.) Maud's Son: v. Maud. mojSel, speech, council, etc. + O.Sax. (Heb. Eng.) for Mary's Son : Mary O.H.Ger. g4r, a spear] -I- ' = Bitterness ' [Heb. mdrdK\

MAUGHAN = Mahon, q.v. MAXIM (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Greatest [Fr. Maxinte, Lat. superl.oC magnus, great] MAUL \ I Bel. to Maule (Seine-et-Oise) Maxim-us; MAULE[ 2 for Ma?/, a dim. of Matilda, also MAXTON (Eng. or Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to ' MAULL of Mary : v. Malkin. Maxton = Maccus' Estate [A.-Sax. 3 poss. also representing the A.-Sax. Maccus-iiin] male pers. name Moll: v. MolJ. MAXWELL (Eng. or Celt. + Eng.) Dweller MAUND, meton. for Maunder<, q.v. at Maccus' Spring or Pool [A.-Sax. Maeeus-w(i)elle] MAUNDER (Eng.) Maker of Maunds (Bas- kets) [O.E. mand, a basket + the agent. .iElfere and Maecus, liiddige twegen suff. -ere] [brave twain]. The Battle of Maldon (A.D. 993), 80. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Beggar [f M.E. maundee,

I Kinsman, 'the washing of the disciples' feet'; O.Fr. MAY \ (Eng.) Man.'Warrior ; foot-wash- mande ; L.Lat. mandat-um, the MAYE J Son [M.E. may, O.E. mdga, m(!e(c)g] Lat. to command] ing; mandare, Byrhtn6Ses mceg.— The divill (like a brave maunder) was The Battle of Maldon, 1 14- rid a-begging himselfe, and wanted money. 2 Young Girl, Maid [ME. mat, may, — 1609. Search for Money, A.D. O.E. mckg{\>]

MAUNDERS, Maunder's (Son) "1 v. That has na barn, ne mai ne knave.

MAUNDERSON, Maunder's Son j Maunder Cursor Mundi, 12067. Thow glorie of wommanhede, thow MAUNSELL = Mansell, q.v. faire may.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 851.

MAURICE (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moorish; Dark (A.-Heb.) dims, of Matthew, q.v. ; also [Lat. Mauritius — Maurus, Gr. MaCpos, a of Mary [Heb. Mardh, bitterness] Moor] q.v.; cp. also Mlall. Serl fil. Morice.—Hund Rolls. MiVFi'i'l= Mayhall, Mauricius Capellanus.^/Vzt Soils.

In Ireland, Morris or Morrish has often MAYBRICK (Fr.-Lat. -I- Eng.) Dweller at been adopted as a simplified substitute (prob.) the MAY(-Tree) Breck [Fr. Mai, for such native names as Muirgheas (v. Lat. Mai-US, month of May -f- Prov. t. Morrissey) and Moriarty, q.v. breek, a heath, sheep-walk] MAW (Eng.) I Dweller at the Maw or Mow MAYBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Maybury = the [O.E. miiga, a mow] Tribal or National Hill [O.E. mdegS, William de la Mawe. Hund. Rolls. tribe, nation, province -\- beorg, hill]

2 Warrior ; Son, Kinsman Man, MAYCOCK = May (q.v.) -|- the E. pet suff. [O.E. magu] -cock.

MAWDESLEY ) (Eng.) Bel. to Mawdesley Also a term for an effeminate man, a

MAWDSLEY ) (Lanes) = Maud's orMouD's milksop Lea [M.'E. ley, O.'E. leak] He sholde be no cowarde, no mayeoeke. Hugh de Moudesley. —Pilgr. Perf., A.D. 1526; N.E.D. Inq., A.D. Lane. 1293. Cp. Meacock. Thomas de Maudesley.

(Son) : v, Lane. Fines, A.D. 1398, MAYCOX, Maycock's Mayoock.

MAWDITT (Fr.-Lat.) the French Mauduit = MAYER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Mayor [M.E. meir{e, lit. Naughty, Badly Conducted [Fr. MAYOR J myre, maire, Fr. maire, mayetir, -(- . mal, Lat. male^ badly Fr. duit, pp. of maieur, Lat. major, compar. of magnus, duire, Lat. ducere, to lead] great] David le Meir. Hund. Rolls. MAWER (Eng.) Mower [f. O.E. mdwan, to mow] John le Myre.—Hac. Dom. Cap. Westm. — — , —— '

l8 Mayers Meears

And namel)^ ye maistres M EACOCK (Eng.) Effeminate Man,Coward, Metres and jugges [judges] Milksop [prob. f. O.E. mckg, woman,

' That have the welthe of this world.^ maiden ; with the E. pet suff. -cock] Piers Plowman, 4866-8. Shee found fault with him because he This name is occ. an Anglicized form of was a meacocke and a milkesoppe.^- the corresponding German Meyer, which Tarhon, Newes out ofPurgatorie, A.D. 1590. see in the appendix of Foreign Names. Cp. Maycock.

MAYERS, Mayer's (Son) : v. Mayer. MEAD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Meadow [O.E. MEADE J meed'] MAYES, May(e)'s (Son) : v. May(e. Robert atte Mede.—Pari. Writs. MAYGER, a var. of Meager and Meagher, q.v. MEADER (Eng.) i = Mead (q.v.)-l-the agent, suff. -er. MAYHALL(Eng.)Bel. to Maghull (S.W. Lanes), ' 13th cent. Mahalie = the Tribal or 2 Mower [O.E. mm^ere] National Hill [O.E.mcfe^, tribe, nation, The meader walks forth with his scythe province + hal(h, a slope, hill, corner] on his shoulder. (A.-Heb.) a form taken by Michael, q.v. Old Ballad, Notes and Q., 1854, X.480 (Eng.) Dweller at the MAYHEW, an A.-Fr. form of Matthew, q.v. MEADOWS Grass- Lands [O.E. moedwe, dat. of meed, a Robert Mahe-n.—Hund. Rolls. meadow] present day French forms are The MEADS (Eng.) pi, or genit., of Mead, q.v. Maheu and Mahieu. MEAGER (Eng. or A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lean, Thin, MAYHOW for Mayhew, q.v. Meagre [M.E. megre, O.Fr. maigre, Lat.

macer, lean : cp. O.E. mceger= O.N. MAYKIN = May (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff magr= Ger. lean] -kin. mager, Hugh le Megre. Pari. Writs. MAYLE = Male, q.v. I am megre and have ben longe seke MAYLER I (Celt.) the Shaven One, Monk, [sick]. Morte d'Arthur, X. Ixxxvii. MAYLOR Disciple \lr. Maelir,Maolir-mael, J (Celt.) for Meagher = Maher, q.v. maol + the pers. suff. -ir{e'\ MEAGh3HER1 Maelir mac Maelir. . V. MEAKER Maher. Annals of the P.M., A.D. 1205. J MEAKIN I for Makin, q.v. MAYNARD (A. - Fr. - Teut.) Power -Brave 2 for Mac Meakin, &c. \0.Tent. Meginhard, etc.—O.Sax. megin = O. E. mmgen = O.H.Ger. megin=O.N.megtn, 3 =?Meek(e (q.v.) -f- the dim. suff. -kin. main, power, strength+0.Sax.}iard=O.K. h(e)ard = O.H.Ger. hart = O.N. har%-r, ^^eakin's (Son) v. Meakin. : hard, brave] MEAkIns^} MAYNE - Main(e, q.v. MEAL (Celt.) Dweller at a Little Round M EALE I Hill [Gael, and Ir. meall] MAYO (A.-Fr-Heb.) for Mayhew, q.v". MEALL)(Scand.) Dweller at a Sandhill (Celt.) Bel. to Mayo = the Plain of [O.N. mel-r] the Yews [Ir. Magh-ed] MEALEY, V. O'Melly or O'Malley.

MAYOR, v. Mayer. MEALOR, a var. of Maylor, q.v.

May's : v. MAYSON, Son May. MEAN (Celt.) Little [Ir. min = Gael, mion] Cp, Mason'. MEAR (Eng.) Dweller at a Mere [O.E. mere,': MEACHEN, a pool] MEAGHIN [v. Mao Meeohan. (Celt.) Merry, Joy^ous [Gael, and Ir. MEGHAN I mear] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a form of Mayer, q.v.

MEAGHER I Sneak, Petty Thief [E.M.E, MEARES, MEECHEr] muchare, later mycher, micher] MEARS tpl., orgenit., of Mear, q.v, of French orig.] MEEARSMEEARSi )

19 Mearns Mellor

MEARNS (Celt.)Bel.to i Mearns (Kincardine), MEEKI jfor Meakin, q.v. c. 1 200 Moerne, ace. to Sir H. Maxwell MEEKI j^ (' Scot. Land-Names', p. 58) representing

' Meek's (Son) : v. Gael. Magh Girginn, the Plain of Cirig '. MEEKS, Meek.

2 Mearns (Glasgow), 12th cent. MeomSi MEERES 1 = M6ap(e)s, q.v. Memis, &c.,sugfiAo represent Gael. Magh MEERS

' -4- ' pi. Edma, field of barley ; with Eng. MEES, MEE's(Son)\ ""®^' stiff. MEESON, Mee's Son j^'

MEATYARD = Meteyard, q.v. (Son) a var. MEGGS, Meg(g)'s ^ Megg, MEGGSONT "^ ^'^Sg v. MECKLE = Miokle, q.v. MFrM'q™^°(°' ^ ^™Son \ MEGSON I ) Maggs MECREDY = Mac Creadie, q.v. MEGGY, a double dim. oi Margaret : v. Maggs (Eng.)? or Silly Calf (nick- MEDCALF Mad Gill, q.v. , MEGILLfor Mao name for a frisky individual) [O.E. ge)mdRdd, foolish, mad + t;{e)alf] MEGINN for Mac Ginn, q.v. Bardsley, however, thinks that this is a MEHEW = Mayhewt q.v. corruption of the next name. MEIKLE = Mickle, q.v. MEDCRAFT (Eng.) Dweller at a Meadow- Croft [O.E. mdsd +. croft'] MEIKLEJOHN = Micklejohn, q.v.

-MEDD = Mead, q.v. MELBOUFJRNE] (Eng.) Bel. to Melbourne = MELBURN?N 1 (prob.) the Mill - Brook Philip atte Medde.—PaW. Writs- [O.E. myln + burne] MEDDOWS = Meadows, q.v. Lord Melbourne, aft-er whom the capital of Victoria was called, took his title from MEDHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadow- the Derbyshire Melbourne. Wood [O.E. m^d + hyrst. a wood] MELDON (Eng.) Bel. to Meldon = (prob. MEDLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadow- the MlLL-HiLL [O.E. myln, a mill + diin, Land [O.E. mckd + land] a down, hill] (Ir.) for Muldoon, q.v. ,'MEDLEY i(Eng.) Bel. to Medley = i the (Celt.) Dweller by the Bare .' MELDRUM Meadow-Field [O.E. mdkd + ledh, a field] Ridge [Gael, tnael, maol, bald, bare -1- ' 2 (for Midley) the Middle Lea [O.E. druim, a ridge] midd -t- ledh] MELHUISH (Eng.) Bel. to Melhuish = (prob.) (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Medway :MEDWAY the MiLL-HuiSH [O.E. myln, a mill, : v. [the second element is prob. the Wei. Huish]

- . , water] , g)'!«yt MELLADEW (Eng.) Honeydew, Nectar [O.E. mele-dedw] MEDWIN (Teut. ) the O.Teut. Madwiv, Medwin—*mdd,*med = O.E. md'S, power, MELLERfor Miller, q.v. reverence, etc. -|- win- [O.Sax. O.H.Ger. MELLIN for Malin, q.v., and Melling, q.v. wini = O.E. wine = O.N. uin-r, a friend] M E LLI N G (Eng.) Bel. to Melling = (the Settle- MEE (Eng.) a var. of May, q.v. [O.E. mde{c)g] men t of) the M/EL- Tribe [Domesday (Celt:) abbrev. of Mac Namee, q.v., or A.-Sax. * Melinge ; Mi^lingas — mdsl, a q.v. : Mac Meechan, SWORD, also talk, speech -I- the pi. (dat. pi. -ing-um) of the fil. suff. -ing] MEECH(Eng.) a palatalized form of Meek(e, q.v. M ELLIS (Celt. + Heb.) Servant or Disciple OF Jesus , [Gael. losa] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) perh. meton. for Maker Mael or Seller of Wick [A.-Fr wi^cfe, Er. meche. MELLISH (Celt. -|- Heb.) v. Mellls, Lat. myx-us, wick] (Eng.) an assim. form of Melhuish, q.v. MEEHAN, V. Mac Meehan. MELLOR (Eng.) i for Miller, q.v. Mild, MEEK j Humble [M.E. meke, meoc, 2 Bel. to Mellor = ? the Mill-Bank MEEKES O.N. »;j«A-r, soft, meek] [M.E. melle, O.E. myln, a mill ; O.E. dra, a Robert le Meke.—Ca/, Inq. P.M. bank] — — — —— —

20 Mellville Merridoch

MELLVILLE) (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Malleville in MENTEITH (Celt.) Bel. to Menteith = the MELVILL [ Normandy = the Bad Estate Moor of the (River) Teith [Gael. +' MELVILLE 1 [Fr. malle, Lat. mala, bad Monadh Teid]' Fr. ville, Lat. villa, estate] MENZIES, Scot, (genit.) form of Mennle, q.v. Malleville occurs in the list of A de Before all the menzie, and in her moment "Compagnons de Guillaume ala Conqu6te of power, the Queen humbled lier to the I'Angleterre en MLXVI " graven over de dust by taxing her with her shame. the main doorway (inside) of the old Scott, The Abbot, XXXL church at Dives, Calvados. But Lord Melville took his title from Melville in The e in this name represents the M.E. Midlothian, the fief of a Norman in the 3 = y. time of David I, which in the thirteenth MERCER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Storekeeper; Haber- century we find as Malavilla. dasher, Draper [M.E. mercer, Fr. mercieti

MELLY, V. O'Melly. L.Lat. mercerius, trader ; Lat. merx, mercis, merchandise}, MELONE = Malone, q.v. Ketel le Mercer.—ifM«i. Rolls. MELROSE (Celt.) Bel. to Melrose = the Bare MEREDITH (Celt.) the O.Welsh Maredud{d Peninsula or Headland [Gael, maol, {dd=th [ ? the Mod. VVel. marmddydd,', bare + ros] ' ' mortal day marw, mortal ; dydd, day] ;

app. Male's Son : v. MELSON, Male. Maredud ap Ywein. '' MELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Melton for Milton = [Meredith son of Owain] Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 985. 1 the Mill-Stead [O.E. myln tun] + Maredud ab Grufud. 2 the Middle Farm [O.E. middel+tun\ [Meredith son of Griffith] do. do. A.D. 1270. MENCE (Teut.-Lat.) a dim. of Lat. Clemens' Madawc the son oi Mareduddpoasesse&ii V. Clement. Powys within its boundaries, from Por- MENDEL Iv. the Appendix of Foreign foed to —Gwauan in the uplands of MENDELLJ Names. Arwystli. 'The Dream of Rhonabwy:' Mdbinogion, tr. Guest. MEN DOZA.v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. MERISON "1 1 Merry's Son : v. Merry. MENLOVE for Manlove, q.v. MERRISON J 2 Merrick's Son: v. Merrick. Mary's Son. MENNELL (Fr.-Lat.) Member of a Nobleman's 3

Household or Retinue ; a Retainer MERRELLj the French Merel, Meriel [the [O.Fr. mesnil, L.Lat. mansionilis, dim. of MERRILL stem may be the O.Teut. *»!^r-,; Lat. mansio, an abode, habitation] J -onis, tamous (Goth, m^r-s = O.H.Ger. mdri— Mesnil 6tait originairement le nom que M.H.Ger. mcere—= O.E. mcere); or the r on donnait au domaine rural d' un per- O.H.Ger. meri (mod. meer) = O.Sax. meri sonnage notable, et sur lequel il rSsidait = O.E. mere,.sea., ocean; or Celtic, —|- the habituellement avec sa famille et ses dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us] tenanciers. Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 322. MERRET [the French A/er^f [the stem is

MERRETT ) the sameas in Merrell (q.v.) Cp. Mennle. + the dim. sufi. -et] MENNIE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Member of a Noble- MERRICK, an aphseresized form of Almeric, man's Household or Retinue ; a Re- q.v. tainer [M.E. meynee, meiny, menye, a retinue household, ; O.F. meisnee, mesnie, MERRICKS, Merrick's (Son) :v. Merrick. etc., a family; L.Lat. maisnada, mansnada,

a family ; f. Lat. mansio, -onis, an abode, MERRIDEW, prob. for the French M^re de

, habitation] Dieu, from dwelling by an effigy of the Sir Myrthe cometh into this place, ' Mother of God.' And eke with hym cometh his meynee. Cp. Pardew for the Fr. Pardieu. That lyven in lust and jolite. Hardly for Chancer, Rom. of the Rose, 6i4r6. Meredith. Cp. Mennell. MERRIDOCH = Murdoch, q.v. — — — —— — ; "

21 Merriman Meyler

Messer. Rolls. MERRIMAN \ (Eng.) GAyFELLow[v. Merry, John le Hund. and man] MERRYMAN J + 3 a (Scot.) var. of Macer = Mace- Bearer [O.Fr. maissier, massier] "««•"•-*(*' q.v. — MlRmTTJf- Ane messer or uthir officiar of armes. Reg. Pr. CclScot, A.D. 1550. MERRY (Eng.) Gay, Blithe, Pleasant [M.E. merie, mine, &c., O.E. myrige] 4 Purveyor (esp. of meat) [f. M.E. messe, O.Fr. mes (mod. mets), a dish o f (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Mer(r)y, L.Lat. meat ; ult. t. Lat. mittere, missum, to send] Medericus, O.Teut. Medric [v. under Med win, and + O.Teut. -n'c (mod. -rich), In the iSth cent. Messers and Salters ruler] are mentioned together. MERRYWEATHER (Eng.) a nickname for a METCALF Gay or Blithe Fellow [v. Merry, and METCALFE for Medcalf, q.v. + O.E. weder, weather] Andrew Meriweder. Hund. Rolls. METEYARD (Eng.) meton. for a Surveyor [M.E. mete-yard, a measuring rod — O.E, Merryweather was formerly an idiomatic metan, to measure gyrd, gerd, rod] phrase for joy, pleasure, or delight. ; Halliwell, Diet. METHUEN \ (Celt.) Bel. to Methven (Perth), MERSER = Mercer, q.v. METHVEN j i^th cent. Methphen [the second element is prob. the Gael, abhuinn (pr. MERSH = Marsh, q.v. aven), river (Almond); the first is doubtful, perh. Gael, maoth, smooth] MERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Merton = the Mere- is also the tributary Farmstead [O.E mere, a pool + frfw] Methven name of a of the Clyde. MERYETT, the French MMet: v. Merret(t.

MERYON, the French Marion: v. under MEW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Falcons', Merrell and + the dim. suff. -on. or the Fowls', Place [M.E. meviie, mew O.Fr. mue, a mew, a moulting ; O.Fr. MESHAM ] (Eng.) Bel. to Mesham or Mas- muer, Lat. mutare, to change] MESSHAM ham = prob. M.«:(c)g's Home J Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in or Estate [genit. of O.E. mde{c)g, man, mewe.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 349. warrior, son + hdm\ She findes forth comming from her MESKELL = Mascall, q.v. darksome mew, Where she all day did hide her hated ^''^"'^^ forms of Mennie, q.v. hew.—Spenser, Faerie Queene, Lv. 20. MESNY r (Eng.) a nickname from the Goix MESSENGER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Message-Bear- [O.E. mdzw, a sea-gull] MESSINQER J ERiFoRERUNNERfwithintrus. John le Mew. Close Rolls, A.D. 1292. » : M.E. and Fr. messager; f. Fri message,

L.Lat. missaticum, message ; Lat. missus, p.p. of mittere, to send] MEWS, pi., or genit., of Mew, q.v.

MESSENT, app. the mod. French messeant, 'unseemly,' unbecoming' [Fr. »?«-, Lat. !^|:^,}v.May(e. minus, compar. oi parvus, little +,a deriv. of Lat. sedere, to sit] MEYLER (Celt.) i a var. of Mayler, q.v.

MESSER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Master, Sir, Squire 2 a Welsh surname of app. mixed \0.7x.messerioTmessire — mes,'Ls.t. metis, origin [cp. O.Wel. meiliwr, a transgressor; -|- my sire, Lat. senior'] Wei. maeliwr, a trader ; also Wei. milwr, a soldier] Messer, vieux mot pour messire: La Fontaine I'afr^quemment appliqu6 k des Milwyr Ynys Prydein. animeaux, et mSme a—I'estomac, qu'il a ' Kulhwch ac Olwen': Mabinogion. appe]6 messer Gaster- Gronw a Ridit a Meilyr meibon Owein Stappers, Diet. d'Etym. Fratif., p. 606. ab Edwin. 2 Field-Keeper, Harvestman [Fr. [Goronwy, Rhirid, and Meilyr, the sons L.Lat. f. Lat. of Owain son of Edwin] messier, messarius ; messis,

harvest : cp. Lat. messor, a reaper, mower] Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1122. — — —— —— ——

22 Meynell Miles

Metier et Ivor. MIDDLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Middleton = the Annates Canibrite, A.D. 1170. Middle Farmstead [O.E. middel + tun'\ Nicholas ap Meyler, A.D. 1222. MIDDLEWICK (Eng.) Dweller at the MlD- Hist. St. David's. \ MIDDLEWEEK/dle Place [O.E. middel + OTC] MEYNELL, V. Menneil. MIDGLEY] (Eng.) Dweller at the Big Lea for Mainprise, q.v. MEYNPRICE MIDGLY J [O.E. micel + leak (M.E. ley"] And he amendes mowe [may] make, This is the palatal form of the equiva- Lat [let] meynprise hym have. lent guttural Mickley. Piers Plowman, 2257-8. MIDWINTER (Eng.) born at Christmas [M.E. midewinter, midewynter, Christmas MEYRICK, V. Merrick. ; O.E. mid-winter\ a syncopated form of q.v. MIALL, Michaei, Gonnilda Midewynter. Hund. Rolls. (A.-Heb.) Who is Like to God ? MICHAEL MIELL, a syncopated form of Michael, q.v. [Heb. Mikhail -mi, who? + k,' like + El, God] MIER, V. Meyer.

MICHAELS, Michael's (Son) "I . ^.. i, , MIGHELL ^- IVlichael. °^ IVIiohael, q.v. MICHAELSON, MiCHAEL'sSoN / M IGHkIl'}^^''®' IMcAe/isthe MICHEL A.-French form of MILBANK 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill- MICHELLJ Michael, q.v. MILLBANK J Bank [M.E. mille + banke] Michel.— Walter /fM«rf. Rolls. MILBORN (Eng.) Dweller by the Mill- MICHELS, Michel's (Son) : V. Michel. MILBOURN MILBOURNE Stream [O.E. myl{e)n + MICHIE, a Scot, double dim. of IVIJchael, q.v. MILBURN burne]

MICHOLS = Michaels, q.v. MILDMAY(Eng.) Mild Maid (a nickname) gentle, mild [M.E. mild(e, O.E. milde, + , MICKELl (Eng. and Scand.) Big, Great M.E. may, O.E. mckgQ-] MICKLE f [O.E. micel = O.N. mikilf] i [A.Sax. For the eldridge knighte, so mickle of MILDRED (Eng.) Mild Counsel — mild -|- rdkd, mighte. Sir Cauline, 63. Mildred (masc.) milde, counsel] (Teut.-Heb.) MICKLEJOHN Big John [O.E. Her Mildred bisceop forSferde. = O.N. mikill, big q.v.] micel + John, (In this year Bishop Mildred [of Wor- cester] died). A.-Sax. Chron-, A.D. M ICKLEM for Mickleham (Eng.) Dweller at the 772. Big Enclosure [O.E. jB!c?;, big + ham{m, 2 Mild Strength [used for the A.-Sax. apiece of land, enclosure] Mild]>ry\> (iem.) — milde + J'ryl'] The Surrey Mickleham occurs in Saint Mildred or Mildthryth was, Domesday Book as Micleham. abbess of a nunnery at Minster in the Isle of Thanet at the end of the 7th MICKLEWRIGHT (Eng.) the Big Wright century. (Worker) [O.E. micel + wyrkta] MILES I f. the classical Milo, with the Eng. genit. -5 suffix. [Lat. Milo{n, Gr. M(Xu»; MICKLETHWAIT ] (Scand.) Bel. to Mickle- prob. rel. to Gr. fiiSWa, to mill, crush] MICKLETHWAITE/thwaite (Yorks, Cumb.) = the Big Clearing [O.N. mikill, big + Milo occurs in Domesday Book as the yueit, a clearing] name of a Norman landholder ; and afterwards we find MIDDLEHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Middlehurst Milo le Mssset.—Hund. Rolls. = the Middle Copse or Wood [O.E. middel + hyrsi\ Milo Basset. Plac. de quo Warr. 2 the Latin Miles (= Soldier), used in MIDDLEMASS ] for Michaelmas (Eng.) One the Middle Ages as a title. MIDDLEMISS J born on 29TH September miles. [M.E. michelmesse, mighelmesse, &c. : v. Ego Godricus Michael and + O.E. meesse'] Chart. Edw. Conf., A.D. 1066. ,

23 Mileson Milman

MILLICAN (Celt.) for the Irish 0'Maoil{e)a- Wychard miles.^Hund. Rolls. ) MILLIGAN cdin, 0'Maoil{e)agdin, Grandson ' • • . a good knyght : his name was MILLIKEN or Descendant of Maolacan, Mylis.—Morte d' Arthur, I. xxi. MILLIKIN '' MAOLAGAN = the Little Bald or 3 adopted as an Eng. representative of Shaven One, Monk, Disciple [Ir. the Irish Maelmordha = Noble Disciple maol, bald, &c. -|- the double dim. suff. [Ir. mael, maol, disciple + mordha, noble] -ac-dn, (for -oc-dn,) -ag-dn (for -6g-dn]

MILESON, Miles' Son : v. Miles. MILLICENT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the common I^'rench Milcent, Milsent, Milsant = Thousand (Eng.) Bel. MILFORD to Milford = the Ford Saints [Lat. de Mille Sanctis] by the Mill [v. under Mill, and + O.E. Cp. Toussaint ( All Saints also a ford] ), common French surname and masc. Adam de Milford.—i/wwrf. Rolls. christian name, and a Norman (Seine- Infgrieure) place-name. MILL (Eng.) Dweller at or by a Mill [M.E. The A.-Fr. fern, christian name Milli- mill{e, for earlier miln{e, melnCe, myln{e, ce»f (which, has been confused with the O.t. myl{e)n\ above masc. name), earlier Melicent, Roger atte MiWe.—Hund. Rolls. Melisant, is app. for the O.Teut. Amala- uncertain orig. (Fr.),the French Mille = i an aphrere- swinth [amal{ao{ .swintfi, _ strong, as in Goth. smin]>-s = O.H.Ger. sized form oiEmile, formerly also written > -swind = O.-Sax. swi^i = A.-Sax. swtS] Emille ; Lat. Mmili-us [prob. rel. to Gr. aifjiiX-os, flattering, winning, wily] MILLINER for Milner, q.v.

2 Milo : V. iinder Miles.

MILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to MiUington = i MILLAN IV. Mac Millan. the Estate of the Mil(l)- Family 2 the French Millan (also Milhan), an [A.-Sax. *Mil(J)inga-tun-inga, genit pi. abbrev. form of Emilian (Emilien), the fil. of the suff. -ing ; tiin, estate, farmstead, Latin Mmilian-us, t. JEmili-us: v. Mill &c.] (Fr.) 2 the Mill Enclosure or Farmstead ^ MILLAR for Millen, q.v. [O.E. mylen + ttin] The Cheshire MiUington occurs in the MILLARD (Fr.) Jhe French Mille (v. Mill 14th cent, as Mulynton. (Fr.) + the dim. suff. -ard [Teut. hard] MILLMAN (Eng.) the Mill-Man; Miller (Eng.) an assim. form of Mil I ward, q.v. [O.E. myl(e)n + man(n] MILLBANK (Ens;.) Dweller at the Mill-Bank [v. under Mill and Bank] MILLMOREl (Celt.) Dwellers at the W MILMORE /Hill [Gael, meall, a hill -j- (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill- M|LLBOURN(E mdr, big} Stream [O.E. myl{e)n + bume] MILLN I var. [ = Milne, q.v. MILLEN 1 a of Millan, q.v. MILLNE MILLIN ) 2 an Anglicization of the German Miihlen (Mills) MILLNER = Milner, q.v.

MILLER (Eng.) Corn-Grinder [M.E. millere, MILLNS = Milnes, q.v. mellere, for earlier milner(e, mylner(e; f. O.E. myl{e)n, a mill] MILLROY, V. Milroy, See Milner. MILLS (Eng.) i One living at or by Corn- MILLERSON, (the) Miller's Son. Mills.

2 Mill's (Son) : v. Mill. JJj!-!-^!]^ Vthe French Mille (v. Mill (Fr.) f MILLSON, Mill's SoN : v. Mill. '"'^ ^''"- ^^^- '^'' "' M I LLOT J Roger MiWot—Hund. Rolls. MILLWARD, V. Mllward.

MILLHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Mill- MILMAN (Eng.) the Mill-Man; Miller House [O.E. myl{e)n -1- hiis] [O.E. myl(e)n + man{n'\ — ——— ;

24 Milne Minter

MILNE (Eng.) One living at or by a Corn- MINCHIN 1 (A.-Lat.) Nun [M.E. minchin for Mill [M.E. miln(e, metn{e, myln{e, O.K. MINCHEN J »2z«cfe«, O.E. mynecen, 3^ n\in; myl{e)n, a mill] O.E. munuc, Lat. monach-us, a monk] Thomas atte Milne. Cal. Inq. P.M. (Ger.-Lat.) One from Munchen (Mun-

ich), I ith,cent. Munichen [a dat. pi. form f. John atte Melne. Hund. Rolls. O.H.Ger. muni{K)h [(Lat. monach-us), a As don [do] these rokkes or these monk] milne stones. Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., ii. 1384. MINETT1 the French Minet, = i an abbrev. M IN ITT /of Guilleminet, a double dim. f. MILNER (Eng.) Corn-Miller : v. Miller. Guillaume, Teut. Wilhelm: v. William. Alan le Milner.— Cal. Rot. Orig. 2 a dim. i. the O.Teut. name-element

William le Melner Pari. Writs. Minn- : v. Minn' [Fr. dim. suif. -et\ Munde the mylnere.— MINISTER (A.-Lat.) i the Latin minister, Piers Plowman, iii. 113. 'servant,' 'attendant,' 'assistant,' was This name = the French Meunier usually adopted as a designation by the [O.Fr. molinier'lfGerma.n MuUer [O.H.Ger. thanes who witnessed Anglo - Saxon mulindri], all being ultimately from Latin charters, as ' Ego .iElfwine minister' mola, a mill. hence we find it as an agnomen in the 13th-century Hundred Rolls, as 'Haldanus minister.' milnI^I P'- ^""^ s^°''- °^ '^""^' I-'- 2 for Minster, q.v. MILROY(Celt.) their. O'Maoilruaidh, Descen- dant as Maolruadh = the Red MINN I the O.Teut. personal name Min{n)a Disciple [maol, shaven one, monk, [O.Sax. minn{i)a = O.H. Ger. minna = disciple -h ruadh, red] O.E. myne, love, orig. memory, memorial, as in O.N. minne] MILSOM for Milson = Mlllson, q.v. 2 V. MacMinn. MILSON = Mlllson, q.v. 3 for Milne, q.v

' MILSTED (Eng.) Bel. to Milsted = i the Mill-Stead [O.E. MINNS, Minn's (Son) myl{e)n -f stede, a \ Minn. place] MIN(N)SON, Minn's Son ] ' 2 the Middle Stead [O.E. middet] MINSHALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to MinshuU, Cheshire MILTHORP(E (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to MINSHULL/[the 14th cent, form Mynshull Milthorpe, Milnthorpe = the Mill-Village seems to point to the M.E. hul(l, O.E. -|- [O.E. mylen = 0.1^. mylna, mill O.E. and hyll, a hill ; but a deed of the I2tli cent, O.N. ^orp\ has Munsculf, sculf representing O.E. scylfe, a shelf or ledge (of land), MILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Milton = i the Mill Mun- Enclosure or Farmstead [O.E. myl{e)n app. being for O.E. munuc, Lat. monach-us, monk, as the church at Church MinshuU -f to'«] "was served by monks from Combermere Milton, Kent, was Mylentun in A.D. 822. Abbey"] 2 the Middle Enclosure or Farm- Church MinshuU was so called in stead [O.E. middel] order to distinguish it from the adjoining Milton Abbas was formerly Middleton; MinshuU-Veruon, which owes its second and Great Milton, Oxon, occurs in name to the ancient lords of the manor, Domesday Book as Midelton. the Vernons. MILWARD (EngJ Mill-Keeper, Miller MINSTER (A.-Lat.) i Dweller at a Minster [M.E. millie, O.E. myl{e)n M.E. ward, + [O.E. mynster, Lat. monasterium\ O.E. w{e)ard, keeper] 2 for Minister, q.v. Robert le Milleward.—/fwwd. Rolls.

MINCH (A.-Lat.)NuN [M.E. minch, a nun: v. MINTER (A.-Lat.) (legal) Coiner; Money- Minchin] lender, Banker [M.E. myneter, O.E.

mynetere, minter, money-changer ; f. Lat. M INCH EN ER 1 Anglicized forms of the Ger- moneta, mint, money] MINCHINER J man Miinchener, = One From Munchen [v. Mlnohln^] Ralph le Myneter.—AfM«. Gildh. Land. — —

25 Minton Mold

MINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Minton (Salop), 13th MIZEN [v. MIson. cent. Mineton [the first element is either MIZON for O.E. mynet, coinage, or the A.-Sax. MOAR = = MoIp, q.v. pers. name Min{n)a (v. Minn) + M.E -ton = O.E. tun, enclosure, dwelling] MOBBERLEYl (Eng.) Bel. to Mobberley MOBERLEY (Chesh.), anc. Modburlegh = MIRFIELD (Scand. Eng.) Bel. to + Mirfield MOBERLY J (the Lady) Modburh's Lea (Yorks), 14th cent. Mirfeld = the Bog- [A.-Sax. Modburh (genit. Modburge)-mdd, Field [M.E. mir, mire, O.N. myrr (whence mind, courage (mood) ; hurh (f.), strong- Dan. myr), a bog + M.E. O.E./«Zd] hold + ledh, lea]

MISON 1 (Eng.) I Bel. to Misson (Notts) MOBBS, a var. of Mabbs, q.v. MISSON J [perh. an assim. shortened form of MOCKRIDGE = Mugg(e) ridge, q.v. Misterton, which is found in the same wapentake of Bassetlaw] MODY = Moody, q.v. 2 abbrev. of Misterton, q.v. And so Cometh Dobest aboute

- And bringeth a-doun Modi-— MISTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Misterton (Notts, Piers Plowman, X. 212. Leic, Soms.) = the Master's Dwelling MOFFAT \ (Celt.) Bel. to Moffat (S.Scot.), [M.E. mister, maister, O.E. nimgester, MOFFATT 13th cent. Moffete [its situation is master, teacher ; Lat. magister (m(a)ister MOFFETT [-said to rnake probable the is also f. O.Fr. maistre, mod. maitre'] MOFFIT I etymology of Gael, magh, a plain MOFFITT ; fada, long] MITCHAM \ (Eng.) Bel. to Mitcham (Surrey), + MITCHEM anc. Michelhani = the Big En- J MOGFORD = Mugford, q.v. closure or Piece of Land [O.E. mic-el, big + ham(m] MOGG \ I for Magg: v. Maggs. MOGGE J 2 for Mogue, q.v. MITCHELL ( A.-Heb. ) a palatal form of Michael, q.v. MOGGRIDGE \ — Mugg(e)ridge, q.v. (Eng.) a palatal form of Mickie, q.v. MOGRIDGE Roger Michel— Rolls. Hund. MOGHAN (Celt.) I Little Man, Labourer, I MOHAN \ Slave [Ir. mogh, man, &c. + the MITCHELSON, MITCHELL'S Son : v. Mitchell. MOHEN J dim. suff. -dn\ 2 for Mahon, q.v. MITGHENER 1 for MInchenep, Minchinep, MITCHINER q.v. J MOGUE (Celt.) My Little Aedh = Ardour \0.\\. Maedhog for Mo-Aedh-og— MITCHESON 1 I for Mitchelson, q.v. mo, my + aedh (dh mute), ardour, fire the dim. MITCHISON J 2 for Mitchinson, q.v. -f suff. -dg] MITCHIN, the French Michin, a double dim. There were several saints called oi Michel = Michael, q.v. Maedhog, of whom the most celebrated

was Maedhog, first bishop of Ferns > in MITCHINSON, Mitchin's Son : v. Mitchin. Wexford, who died A.D. 625. Joyce, Irish Names, ii. MITFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Mitford (Northumb.), 30. 13th cent. Mitford = the Confluence- In Wexford Mo-aedh-og is common; but Ford [O.E. ge)my\e, a confluence -^ ford\ the Catholics make it Mogue and the Protestants Moses! (Joyce) Mitford is at the junction of the rivers Wansbeck and Font. MOIR (Celt.) Big, Great [Gael, (and Ir.) mdr = Wei. mawr]

MITTON (Eng.) Bel. to Mitton = the Con- In Aberdeen this name is pronounced fluence-Farmstead [O.E. ge)my\e, a Mare. confluence + tun\ MOLD (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a contr. form of Mitton, occurs in loth-cent. Wore, a Matilda : v. Malkin. Latin charter as Myttun, and is near the junction of the Stour with the Severn. King Wi 11am adde ispoused, as God Mitton, Yorks, at the confluence of the yet [gave] that cas, Rivers Hodder and Ribble, was form. The erles doghter of Flaundres, Mold Mytton. Little Mitton, Lanes, is at the hire name was. meet of the Calder and the Ribble. Rob. Glouc. Chron. (Wm Conq.), 295-6. — — —— '

26 Mole Monktnon

(Celt.) [Ir. and Gael, (A.-FF.-LatJ Bel. to Mold, form. Moald, MONACHAN ] Monk a corr. of Fr. Montalt = the High MONAGHAN \manach, a monk + the dim. (Castle) Mount [Lat. mons, mont-is, a MONAHAN J suff. -dn\ mount + alt-US, high] MONCKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Monckton, Monk- In mediaeval (Latin) documents the ton = the Monk's or Monks' Farm or founder of the famous Norman castle at Estate [O.E. munuc, a monk ; tiin, farm, this place was called de Monte Alto. &c.] Cp. Mowat(t. Monkton, Kent occurs as Munccetun MOLE (Eng.) i a nickname {a) from the in a Latin charter of A.D. 961. Monkton, animal [M.E. molle = L.Ger. mull] Durham, belonged to the monks of Jarrow. At Monkton-Farleigh, Wilts, there are (b) from being marked with a mole the ruins of a Cluniac conveiit. [M.E. »zofe, O.E.ma'?, a spot] 2 the A.-Sax. male pers. name Mole-, MONCRIEFF (Celt.) Bel. to Moncrieff (Perth- Moll. shire), nth cent. Monidcroib = the Hill [Gael, a hill, (Celt.) Bald [Wei. moel = Gael, and OF the Trees monadh, moor craoibh, genit. pi. oi craobh, a tree] Ir. maol] ;

(Eng. or Celt.) Dweller by the River A large portion of the hill is in a good Mole. state of cultivation, and its heights are richly wooded. Nat. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) prob. also, like Mold and Gas.

Motile, a form oi Matilda : v. Malkin. MONDAY (Eng.) a pers. name and nickname from the day [O.E. mSnandag, m., day ot MOLES, genit., and pi., of Mole, q.v. the moon] MOLESWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Molesworth (Fr.-Teut.) the French Mondy, a dim. ( Hunts ), 13th cent. = Molesworth{e form oi Raimond [v. Raymond] Mole's Estate [O.E. war's] MONEY (Fr.) Bel. to Monnai (Orne), France MOLINEAUX-j(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Molin- [prob. Fr. monnaie,.'Lat. moneta, a mint] MOLINEUX leaux (Normandy) = the MOLINEUS [Little Mills [O.Fr. molinel, MONEYPENNY (Eng.) app. for Manypenny, MOLYNEUX I a dim. f. L.Lat. molin-us, Lat. prob. a nickname for a well-to-do person molina, a mill] [M.E. moni, mony, mani, O.E. monig, manig, many M.E. petti, O.E. petii{n)g, penny] Adam de Molyneus. Testa de Nevill. -f- a MOLL (A.-Heb. and Teut.) a dim. of Maty; Herbert Manipeni. Hund. Rolls.

also (Mall) oi Matilda : v. Malkin. Richard Monypeny.— do. (Eng.) an A.-Sax. male name borne MONGER (Eng.) Dealer, Trader [O.E. e.g. by an eighth-century Northumbrian king— mangere]

Moll ofsleh [killed] Oswine.— MONIER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Moneyer, Ban- A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 761. MONNIERJKER, (Legal) Coiner [M.E.

mon(ti)ier (Fr. motitiayeur) ; f. M.E. O.Fr. MOLLER, an Anglicized form of the Dan.- motieie (Fr. monnaie), money ; Lat. tnotieta, Norvir. Moller = Miller. a mint, money]

MOLLET 1 = Moll (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. John le Monnier.—il^MM. Gildh. Lotid.

MOLLETT J sufif. -et. 2 for the French Meutiier = Miller MOLLIS, Molly's (Son) Molly, adouhle ] [O.Fr. meultiier, Lat. molinari-us] MOLLISON 1 ^im. of Mary Molly's Son [ ; MOLLESON / J a\so ofMatilda: MONIGAN lf„, ,, ^""^ Monaghan, q.v. V. Malkin. MONIGHAN j MOLLOCK = Mullock, q.v. MONKHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at or by the (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of MOLLOY Monk's or Monks' House [O.E. mutiiu: THE Noble or Good [Ir. Maolmhuaidh or (Lat. mottach-us), a monk ; Ms, a house] Maelmhuaidh {mh, dh mute) --maol or mael, servant, disciple + the genit. of MONKMANUhe Monk's Man (-Servant) muadh, noble, good] MONKMONJ [E. monk = Dan.-Norw. munk]

MOLONEY! .«' Johannes Munkman. = Maloney,i^„<.„ q.v.r, „ MOLONY I Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. — ————

27 Monks Moran

MONKS, the Monk's (Son) [O.E. munuc (Lat. There is a Moon in the Manche Dept.

monach-us), a monk] (Normandy) ; and there is a Mohon in the Ardennes Dept. and in the Morbihau MONKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Monkton = the Dept. Monk's or Monks' Farmstead or Estate [v. Monckton] MOONEY (Celt.) Hero [Ir. Maonach-maon, a hero + the pers. suff. -acn\ MONRO \ (Celt.) Dweller at a Red Morass (Eng.) Dweller at a Moor [M.E. MONROE J [Gael. »!0i««, a morass + ruadh MOOR \ (rfAimute), red] MOORE ] mor{e, moore, O.E. »irfr, a moor] John atte Mor. Hund. Rolls. MONSON I = Manson, q.v. Jordan de la Mor. do. 2 for Monk's Son. Adam del More. Pari. Writs. MONTAGU 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montaigu Away then hyed the heire of Linne Montague] (Normandy) = the Peaked Oer hill and holt, and moore and fenn-e. Hill [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is, a hill —'TheHeirof Lynne': Percy's Reliques. + Fr. aigu, Lat. acut-us, pointed] (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moor (Native of N. This name was Latinized in mediaeval Africa) ; of Dark Complexion [Fr.More, documents de Monte Acuta. Maure, Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaO/j-os, a Moor] There are a Montaigu and a Montaigu- Robert le Move..—Close Rolls. les-Bois in the Manche Dept. John le Moor. Plac. de Quo Warr.

MONTEFIORE (ital. Flower-Hill) : v. the (Celt.) 1 Big [Ir. and Gael. mdr'\ Appendix of Foreign Names 2 Noble [Ir. Mordha (dh mute] MONTEITH (Celt.) Bel. to Monteith (Perth- shire) = the Moor of the River Teith MOORCOCK I a nickname from the bird [Gael, monadh, a moor] [O.E. mor -f cocc]

2 = Moor (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.), q,v. -|- the MONTFORTl (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montfort E. pet suff. -cock. MONTFORD J ( France ) = the Strong (Fortified) Hill [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, MOORCRAFT,aNorthernformof MooPOPoft, mont-is, a hill -|- Fr. fort, Lat. fort-is, strong] q.v. There is a Montfort-sur-Risle in the ( Eng. Dweller Eufe Dept. MOORCROFT \ ) at the MOORECROFT J Moor-Croft [O.E. mor, a moor a small field] MONTGOMERY (A.-Fr.-Lat. -f- ? Teut.) Bel. -f croft, to Montgomery = the (Castle-) Hill MOORES) of GOMERIC. MOORSE [Moor(e)'s (Son) : v. Moor(e The Welsh town Of Montgomery — MOORS ' formerly called by the Welsh Tre-

' (Eng.) Faldwyn, or Baldwin's (6 mutated to /) MOORHEf D Dweller at the Head of Place', from a lord of the marches temp. THE Moor [OiE. mor + hedfod, heiid,

. William L — rose around the castle which upper part] was recaptured from the Welsh by Roger MOORHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the House de Montgomeri (Je Monte Gomerico), so ON THE Moor [O.E. called from his Norman estate. m6r + hus] Comte de Montgomery. MOORMAN (Eng.) = Moor (q.v.) + man. Paris Directory. MOORSOM (Eng.) Bel. to Moorsham (Yorks) MOODIE 1 (Eng.) Spirited, Brave, Proud; = the Moor's Ham [genit. of O.E. m(lr, MOODY J later, Morose, Gloomy [M.E. a moor -|- Aa»?(?B,a piece of land,dwelling] mody,0.'E,. mddig\ MOORWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- See Mody. Wood [O.E. mdr -|- wudu] MOON (Eng.) a name derived from a trade or MORAN (Celt.) i SEA-WARRiOR[Ir. Murchadh- armorial sign [O.E. mdnal an^mu{i)r, sea -|- the asp. form of cath, Cp. the corresponding German Mond. war, warrior + the dim. suff. -aw] (Fr.) Bel. to IVloon, Mohun or Mohon 2 Big, Tall [Ir. (and Gael.) mor + the (France). pet suff. -are] — — : — :

28 Morand Moriarty

MORAND 1 the common French Morand, Mor- MORELAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- [the gerund. MORANT J ant, Lat. Morand-us Land [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) + land] p., ' requiring to be delayed,' of Lat. moror, to delay] MORETON (Eng.) Bel. to Moreton = the Moor-Farm [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) -\- Bel. to (Yorks) MORBEY \ (Scand.) Moreby the MooR- t^n] MORBY J and Moorby (Lines) = Habitation(s [O.N. mrfr + by-^'] MOREWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- Wood [O.E. mdr (M.E. more) Elena de Moreby.— -f wudu] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. MOREY(Fr.)Bel.toMorey,Mory (France), the M.Lat. *Moriacum = Morus' (Maurus') MORCOM 1 (Eng.) Dweller in a MooR- Estate [-dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. poss. suff.] MORCOMBE J Hollow [O.E. mdr + cumb

(a word of Celt. orig. : Wei. cwm, a There is a Mory in the Pas-de-Calais hollow] Dept.; the Moreys are foiind further south. MORDAN I tor Morden, q.v. (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Hey 2 tor Mordant, q.v. (-Enclosure) [M.E. more, O.E. mdr, moor -1- M.E. hey, hay, O.E. haga, an enclosure, "I (Fr.-Lat.) Biting, Sarcastic MORDANT messuage] MORDAUNT J [Fr. mordant, pr. p. oi mordre, Lat. mordere, to bite] (Celt.) a var. of Murray, q.v. Robert le Mordaunt. Hund. Rolls. MORFIL ] (Fr.) a nick- or trade-name = - Elephant's Tusk, Ivory [Fr. MORDECAI ( Heb. Pers. ) the Hebrew MORFILL J Mord'khay = Little Man [from the Per- morfil; app. of Arabic orig.] sian] (Wei.) Whale (a nickname) [Wei. morfil] MORDEN l (Eng.) Bel. to Morden = i the MORDIN J Moor-Hollow [O.E. OTor + rfraM] (Eng.) for Moor-Field [O.E. mdr -\- 2 for Mordon, q.v. feld] Morden, Surrey, was the A. -Sax. MORFOOT (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor- Mordtin. MORFITT Foot [O.E. mdr + fdt] MORDON (Eng.) Bel. to Mordon = the Moor- MORPHETT Hill [O.E. m6r -f dun'\ MORGAN (Celt.) i Bright or White Sea sea -|- white, Confused with the preceding name. [Wei. Morgan — mdr, can, bright ; with c mutated to^] MORE = MooKe, q.v. Ac y bu varw Morgan.— Midst mores and mosses, woods and [And Morgan died] wilds, Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 972. To lead a lonesome life. Morgan Cam [Crooked]. ' ' The Marriage of Sir Gawaine Ann. Camb., A.D. 1246. Percy's Reliques. And Arthur caused Morgan Tud to be MOREBY = Mor'b(e)y, q.v. called —to him. He was the chief phy- sician. ' Geraint the Son of Erbin ' : MORECRAFT = Moorcraft, q.v. Mabinogion, tr. Guest.

MORECROFT = Moopcroft, q.v. 2 Mariner [Ir. Muireagdn, f. muir, sea] In Ireland the also MOREHOUSE = Moorhouse, q.v. name Morgan sometimes represents a previous Morogh V. MOREL "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dark-Coloured Murray. MORELLJ[M.E. O.Fr. morel{l; O.Fr. More, MORGANS (A.-Celt.) Morgan's (Son): v. Moor, black man the dim. suff. -el + Morgan. (Lat. -ell-us) ', Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaO/j-os, a

Moor : cp. Fr. moreau, m., morelle, f., very This name replaces the Welsh Ap- black] Morgan [ap, ab, son] Thomas Morel.— Hund. Rolls. MORIARTY (Celt.) Sea-Right or Sea-True d6signe encore aujourd'hui, en On [Ir. Muircheartach — muir, sea + the asp. Normandie, un cheval noir sous la form of ceart, right, justice, true -|- the cheval morel.— denomination de pers. suff. -acK] Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 328. —— —— — '

29 Morice Mortlock

MORICE 1 „ MORROW (Celt.) = Murray, q.v. M0RRICE;= l^aurioe, q.v. (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Row (of , [O.E. MORIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Moor; Dark-Com- Dwellings) mdr -f- rAw] PLEXiONED [Fr. More (v. Moop(e)2 + the Willelmus de Morerawe. dim. suff. -/«] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Simon Morin. Hund. Rolls. Morin is one of the commonest French MORSSJ1^255^ I V. Moorse, Moores. surnames.

name of the French St. Morin was The MORSON I More's Son : More = Moore, Latinized Maurinus. q.v. (Celt.) a var. of Moran, q.v. 2 for Morrison, q.v.

I Dweller at the Moor-Pasture MORING MORTprob.an abbrev. of Mortimer, q.v. ;but [O.E. = O.N. mdr O.North. and m6r + app. also a French nickname [Fr. mart, East. E. ing, O.N. eng, a pasture, meadow] stagnant, dormant, dull ; Lat. mortu-us, 2 = Morin (q.v.) with intrusive -g. dead], as the diminutive forms Mortel, Mortet, are likewise found in France. MORISON, Morice's Son: v. Morice = (Fr.)OnefromMortain,Mortaigne, Maurice. MORTAN ] MORTEN \ (Normandy). MORLAND = Moreland, q.v. MORTIN MORLE, app. for Morel, q.v. The Mortaigne in the Eure Dept. was Moritania in A.D. 11 96. MORLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Morley = the Moor- (Eng.) for Morton, q.v. Lea [O.E. mdr-Uah (M.E. Uy\

MORLING, app. the French Mor-e (v. MORTIBOY for the French Afortftoii = Dead Moor(e2) with tl^e E. double dim. suff. Wood [v. under Mort and Boyce^ l-ing\ Hugh Moriyng. Hund. Rolls. MORTIMER (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mortemer(Nor- mandy) = the Dead or Stagnant Water

MORPETH (Eng.) Bel! to Morpeth, 13th cent. [Fr. mortemer—'LsX. mortu-us, dead ; L.Lat. Morpath — the Moor-Path [O.E. mdr + mora, a pool, from the pi. (maria) of Lat.

mare, sea : cp. Fr. mare, a pool, pond ; and eau morte, still water] MORRALL for Morrell, Morell, q.v. Hugh de Mortuomari. Hund. Rolls. Roger de Mortimer. Hund. Rolls. ^S'R^fL'L'}=^°-'''l- . A de Mortemer occurs in the mural list q.v. MORREY = Morey, of "Compagnons de Guillaume a !a MORRICE Conquete de I'Angleterre en MLXVI, MORRIS [= Maurice, q.v. in the old church at Dives, Normandy. MORRISS The origin of the name of the Vall6e de MORRISH Mortemer, Eure Dept., is explained in \ 'Gallia Christiana' — " Vallis Mortui MORRIN = Morin, q.v. Maris ab antique appellata propter in- for O'Morrisy, Descen- MORRISEY WCelt.) undationem fontium . . ." MORRISSAyI dant of Muirg(h)eas = Sea N.B.—This name has sometimes been MORRISSEY Charm or Conjuration [Ir. used in Ireland as a substitute for the MORRISSY I O'Muirgheasa- 6 or wa, grand- native Moriarty, q.v., and Murrogli,q.v. son, descendant -f muir, sea -f- the genit. oigeas, a charm, conjuration, incantation, &c.] MORTIMOREfor Mortimer, q.v.

MORRISON, Morris's or Maurice's Son: MORTLOCK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Mortlake, v. Maurice. or Dweller at the Stagnant Pool [Fr.

mort-lac — Lat. mortu-us, dead ; a In the Highlands, Morrison is used to lac-us, translate the Gael. M'Gille-Moire = Son lake, pool] of the Servant or Disciple of Mary [v. Mortlake, Surrey, was Latinized in Gilmour] mediaeval records Mortuus Locus. — — — — — ;

30 Morton Moulton

[cp. M.E. '(Celt.) Bel. to Mortlach (Banff) = (prob,) MOTLEY (A.-Fr.) a nickname

' the Big Knoll [Gael, mdr, big + tulach, mottelye, &c., a dress of many colours] a knoll] (Fr. + E.) Dweller at i the Mote- MORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Morton = the Moor Lea [v. under Mote », and -|- M.E. ley, Farm or Village fO-E. mdr + tiln] O.E, ledh] 2 the Mote-Low [M.E. low(e, law{e, an abbrev. of 1 Mortfmep, q.v. MORTY, O.E. hldew, a hill, (burial) mound] q.v. 2 (occ.) Moriarty, Thomas de RJotlawe. Yor'ks Pall-Tax, A.D. iVIORTYN, V. Mortin, Morten. 1379. The Mot- here, however, may repre- Bel. to Moseley = the MOSELEY I (Eng.) sent the A.-Sax. name-stem Mod- = O.N. MOSELY / Moss-Lea [O.E. m6s (= O.Ger. M6t- [A.Sax. m6d, mind, courage m6si), a marsh, moor, moss + ledK] (mood) = O.Sax mid = O.N. md^-r = MOSER, V. MOsser. O.H.Ger. m(u)ot (mod. mut"]

MoisES (Gr.-Heb.-Copt.) Saved from the MOTTERAM, v. Mottnam. Water [Lat. Moyses, Gr. Muuir^t, Muo-^s, Heb. Mosheh; f. Gopt. »io, water, andowi/V, MOTTERSHEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Mottershead to deliver] (Chesh.), 14th cent. Mottersheved, Mottres- heved = Modhere's Head(lanp [the :X§I^^^y}-"°-'^^- A.-Sax. pers. name is a compound of mod, mind, courage (mood), with here, army MOSS (Eiig. and Scand.) Dweller at a Marsh (the corresponding O.N. name Mo'Sher is or Moor i' [O.E. mds — O.N. m6si\ seen in Motherby, Cumb.) —l-M.E. keved, A Richard del Moss was Bailiff of OiE. hedfod, head, high ground] Liverpool in 1405. Robert de Mottresheved. Baines, Hist. L'pool, p. 193. Chesh. Chmbrln.'s AcctS; A.D. 1303-4. (A.-Gr.-Heb.-Copt.)an English abbrev.

form of Moses, q.v. MOTTRAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Mottram (Chesh.) : MOTTRUM = Modhere's Home or Es- Cp. the French form Moise. J tate [v. under the preceding name MOSSER (Eng. and Scand.) = Moss i (q.v.) (Mottershead is close to Mottram), and -|- + the agent. sufF. -er. O.E. ham, home, &c.] (Scand.) Bel. to Mosser (Cumberland), An Adam de Mottrum was gaoler of and bailiff ' app. the pi. (mosar) of O.N. most, a moss, Macclesfield of the forest in of esp. as Mosser " is divided into two parts there the middle the 14th cent. called High and Low Mosser." Chesh. Chmbrln.'s Accts., A.D. 1301-60.

MOSSES, genit. (and pi.) of Moss, q.v. MOUL 1 MOULEr= Mole, q.v. MOSSMAN (Eng.) = Moss (q.v.) + man. MOULD = Mold, q.v. In the Scandinavian-peopled districts, esp. Yorks, man, suffixed to a pers. name, MOULDER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an occupative sur- ' ' usually denotes Servant of . . . name [f. M.E. malde, O.Vr. mould mole, a ; MOSSOP (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Lat. modul-us, a measure] Moss-Hope (Valley, Hollow) [v. Moss and Hope] MOULDS, Mould's (Son) :v. Mould = Mold.

MOTE 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Dweller at a Moat MOULSON I Moul(e)'s Son : Moul(e = MOTT I [ (Dial. E. mot), M.E. O.Fr. mote (Ft. Mole, q.v. matte), a mound (with or without a super- 2 Mould's Son : Mould = Mold, q.v. structure), dike, or foss ; of Teut. orig.]

The mote is of mercy MOULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Moulton = i the

The manoir aboute. > Mule-Enclosure [O.E. mtil (Lat. mul-us) Piers Plowman, 3678-9. + tiin] 2 Mula's De la Motte is a common French sur- Estate [O.E. tiin} name. The Norfolk Moulton was Miilantun in A.D. it 2 the O.Teut. name-element M6t-, Mod-, 1037 ; and and the Lincolnshire = Courage. Moulton were Multon in the 13th cent., as Richard Mote.—Hmd. Rolls. was the Cheshire Moulton in A.D. 1303. —— ; ——

31 Mouncey Much

MOUNCEY'\ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller" on or by a In the supposed copies of the Roll of HlLLO( '" MOU NSEY J/ Hillock [O.Fr. moiwel, muncel, Battle Abbey this name variously appears (Fr. monceau monceau, a heap) ; Lat. as Mohaut, Monhaut, Monthaut, &c. monticell-us, dim. Of mons, mont-is, a hill] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double Aim. oi Matilda : Puis prist Morpath, un fort chastel V. Malkin. Qui ert [Lat, efai] assis sur un moncel.— Cp. Mold. G. Gaimer, Chron.; Godefrpy. There is a Monceau in the Nord Dept. MOWBRAY (Fr.) Bel. to Montbray (Manche, and there are two Les Moiiceaux in the Normandy) [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is, hill Calvados Dept. and one in the Orne a : the second element may be Dept. O.N.Fr. bray, mire (of Scand. orig.), or a pers. name] Comtes^e du Moncel. Paris Directory. MOWL '

MOWLE I MOUNT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Hill . a dim. of Matilda : v. Malkin. MOWLL [M.E. mount, mont, Fr. mont, Lat. mons, 2 Bel. to Maule (France) mont-is, a hill] MOWELL Alan atte Mo\mX.^Close Rolls,A.T>. 1338. MOXON, M.ocG'sSow.Mogg= Magg:v. Maggs.

) MOUNTAN (A,-Fr.-Lat. ) Dweller at a MOY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Moy (Scotland and MOUNTAIN J Mountain [O.Fr. montaine MOYE J Ireland) = a Plain or Level Field (mod. montagne), L.Lat. montanea ; Lat. [Gael, and Ir; magh] montana, a hilly district] (Fr.-?Celt.) Bel. to Moy, Moye (France) Montagne-Fayel is in the Somme [perh. of same meaning and origin as Dept. above, the Celt. (Gaul.) word being Latin- ized mag-us] MOUNTFORD = Montford = Montfort, q.v. MOYCE 1 (Fr.-Heb.) Anglicized forms of Fr.

MOYES f Moise = Moses, q.v. MOUNTJOY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Montjoie (Normandy) = a Cairn or Monumental (A.-Celt.) = Moy(e (q.v.) with the Heap [Fr. mont, Lat. mons, mont-is + Fr. Eng. genit. -s suff. joie, Lat. gaudi-a, pi. oigaudi-unt, joy] MOYLAN (Celt.) for the Ir. O'Maoilain = De- Montjoie, for Montjoie-Saint-Denis, was scendant of Maolan : v. Mullan. an ancient war-cry of the French, fronj the hillock near Paris where St. Denis MOYLE (Celt.) 1 Shaven One; Monk, suffered martyrdom. Disciple [Ir. and Gael, mael, maol, prim. ' bald There are two places called Montjoie '] in the Manche Dept. 2 Dweller on or by a Bald or Bare Hill or Headland [same etymology] MOUNTNEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat) Bel.toMontigny, MOUNTENEYjMontagny (Normandy) = the MOYLES = Moyle (q.v.) with the Eng. genit. Hilly District [M.Lat. Montanac-um — -i suff. Also an Ir. form of Mites, q.v. montana, a mountain (f. Lat. mons, mont- MOYNAGH = Mooney, q.v. is, a mountain) ; with the Lat.-Celt. collective suff. -dc-um"] = Moyes, q.v. r .. We find a Montigny in the Calvadosi' MOYSE Manche, Seine-Inf6rieure, Somme, and Willam Moyse. Hund. Rolls. Pas-de-Calais Depts. 1 a M.E. form of q.v. 7 MOYSES Moses, Robert de Mounteny. Hund. Rolls. Moises that saugh [saw] the bush vAth

MOU TRIE (Scot.) app. from the Fifeshire flaumes rede ... i ' river Motray, where the suff is prob. The Holy Goost, the which that Moyses O.N. d = O.E. ed, ' river.' wende [weened] a-fyr. Had ben , MOVILL (Celt.) Bel. to Movilla or Moville = Chaucer's A.B.C., 89, 93-4. the Field [Ir. of the Old Tree Magh- 2 Moyes's (Son): v. Moyes' bhile] MOZELEY MOWAT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) corr. and abbrev. of = Moseley, q.v. MOZLEY [ MOVilATT J de Mont{h)aut or Mont{h)alt = of (THE) High Mount [O.Fr. (lit.) del MUCH (Eng.) Big, Great [M.E. moche. muche, mont{h)alt (mod. Fr. du mont hdut), Lat. later forms of M.E. moch-el, much-el, O.E. ae illo monte alto] myc-el, bip] —

32 Muckleston Mullin

A muche man, as me thoughte, MULCASTER (Scand. -|- A.-Lat.) Bel. to Mul- to Muncaster (Cumb.), And lik to myselv? . . . caster, corrupted Piers Plowman, 5038-9. anc. Meolcastre= the (Rom an) Camp at the Sandbank or Sandhill [O.N. mel-r, a But he ne lafte nat for reyn ne thonder, sandbank, sandhill -|- a der. of Lat. In siknesse nor in meschief, to visite castra, a camp] The ferreste [furthest] in his parisshe, mxiche and lite [great and small]. Muncaster Castle is situated at Esk- Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 492-4. Meol, near the mouth of the R. Esk.

MUCKLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Muckleston = MULDOON (Celt.) i Servant or Disciple of Mucel's Estate [O.E. tun\ (St.) Dubhan [Ir. Maol Dubhain (bh

mUte) : Ir. and Gael, maol, mael, bald, a MUCKLESTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Mucklestone tonsured person, monk, disciple, servant; = the Great .Stone (Rock, Monument, and V. Down or Stone Castle) [O.E. mycel -\- stdn] 2] 2 for the Ir. Maol-duin = Chief of the MUCKLOW (Celt.) Dweller by the Pig-Lake Fortress (Joyce). [Gael, and Ir. muc, pig + loch, lake] MULDROCH.v. MacMuldroch. MUDD (Eng.) Dweller at the Muddy Place MULFORD (Eng.) Dweller at i the Mule- [M.E. mud{de, mud ; O.L.Ger.] [O.E. (Lat. Ford miil mul-us) -\- ford] Cp. Clay. RicharddeMuleford.^Hund. Rolls. MUDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Mudford,or Dweller 2 the Mill-Ford [M.E. mulle, mulne, a at the Muddy Ford [v. under Mudd, and + M.E.O.E./or(;] mill] MULHARN (Celt.) Servant or Disciple MUDIE for Moodie, q.v. ] MULHEARN ^ OF Echtighern [Ir. maol, ser- vant, MUFF (A.-Scand.)a corrupt form of the M.N.E. MULHERN J &c. ; and V. Ahearn] maug(h = Brother - in - Law [O.N. mdg-r] MULHOLLAN 1 (Celt.) Servant or Dis- MULHOLLANDJciPLE of Callan = the The Irish place-name Muff is Ir. magh, Clamorous [Ir. Maolchallainn — maol, ' a plain.' servant, &c.-|-the asp. genlt .form oicallan\

MUFFAT 1 MULLAN 1 (Celt.) the Little Bald or MUFFET \ for Moffat, q.v. MULLEN f Shaven One; Monk, Disciple MUFFIT J [Ir. and Gael. Maoldn — maol, bald, &c. MUGFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Great -|- the dim. suff. -a«] [M.E. muk-el, O.E. great Ford myc-el, + (A.-Fr.-Lat.) v. Mullin^. ford\ Cp. Much. MULLANEY]for 0'Mullan(e)y (Celt.) De- MULLANY > scendant of the Servant or MUGG(E)R1DGE (Eng.) Dweller at the Great MULANY J Disciple of Mean = Little Ridge [M.E. muk-el, O.E. -\- M.E. myc-el [Ir. O'Maoilmheanna (mh mute) ^ 6 ot ua, rigge, rugge, O.E. hrycg\ grandson, descendant -\- the genit. of MUGGLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Muckleton, or maol, servant, &c. -|- the genit. of mean, Dweller at the Great Enclosure or little] Farmstead [M.E. muM, O.E. mycel MULLENEUXl -f MULLINEUX MolineuxivTOi'"eux,q.v.n v M.E. -ton, O.E. tun'] J MUGLESTONlf MULLENS (A.-Celt.) Mullen's or Mullan's ,, , , ^ q.v. MUGLISTON jfor Muckleston, (Son) : V. Mullani. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) v. Mullins^. " MUIR \ (Scot-Teut.) Dweller at a Moor

MUIRE I [Scot. — O.E. and O.N. wJr] MULLET(T (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the And as that Ryall raid ovir the rude Mule [Fr. mulet, a dim. f. Lat. mul-us. a mure mule] Him betyde ane tempest that tyme MULLIGAN (Celt.) the Little Bald or hard I tell.— Shaven One, Monk. Disciple [Ir. The Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 13-14. Maolagdn,Maolacdn:v.lA\\\\ga.n,M\\\\ca.n\

MUIRHEAD (Scot-Teut.) Dweller at the MULLIN (Celt.) for the Irish O'Maoldin = Descendant of aolan ' [v. 1 Moor-Head [Scot. — O.E. and O.N. mdr M M u 1 an ] -H O.E. hedfod= O.N. /zo/mS] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the common French (Du) Moulin = (Of the) Mill [Fr. moulin,

: v. MUIRSON, MuiR's Son Muir. L.Lat. molin-us, f. Lat. mola, a mill] — — —

33 Mulliner Murch

MULLINER (Eng.) a var. ol Milner, q.v. [M.E. MUNBY, v. under Mumby ante. midnere, a miller; 1" M.E. mulne, O.E. myl(e)n, a mill] MUNOASTER, v. Mulcaster.

There has been some late confusion MUNCE for Munns, q.v. with the next name.

MULLINEUX for Molineaux, q.v. R;i[j^°^>^}v.Mounsey.

MULLINS (A.-Celt.) Mullin's (Son): v. MUNCKTON, V. Monckton. Mullin. MUNDAY] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Moulines or Moulins MUNDIE U. Monday. (France) = the Mills [v. Miullin^] MUNDY J

MUNDELL 1 (Teut.) Protector [Teut., as

MUNDELLA \ O.E., O.Sax., O.N. mund, hand, MULLOCHI (Celt.) Dweller at a Summit, MUNDLE J protector -|- the form, or dim. mullock; Height, Hill-Top [Gael, (and suff. -el-a] Ir.) mullacK\ MUNDING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Munding = (Eng.) the A.-Sax. name-stem Mul- Mund (a) 's Son [f. O.E. ntund, hand, pro-

[Lat. mul-us (whence als6 O.H.Ger. mut), tector ; with the fil. suff. -ing]

a mule] -f- the dim. suff. -oc. MUNFORD, V. under Mumford ante. Thomas yi\i\\oc.—Hund. Rolls, MUNGO (Celt.) Gentle - Beloved [Wei. MULLOY = Molloy, q.v. mwyn, gentle -f- cu (mutation-form gu), MULOCK = Mullock, q.v. beloved] Mwyngu or Munghu was a pet-name MULROONEY (Celt.) Servant or Disciple \ given to Kentigern, the patron-saint of MULRONEY J OF Ruanaidh = the Red- Glasgow, who passed a portion of his life CoMPLEXioNED [Ir. Moolruanaidh—mool, in Wales. mael, servant, etc. + ruanaidh] MUNK (A.-Lat.) Monk [O.E. munuc, hat MULROY (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of monach-us] RuADH=the Red-Complexioned [Ir. and Gael. Maolruaidh— servant, etc. maol, mael, MUNN (Fr.) i Monk, Friar [A.-Ft. m{o)un, -I- the genit. of ruadh, red] pioyne, O.Fr. moytie (Fr. moine), monk; Gr. /iocos, solitary] MULVANEYl forO'Mulvan(e)y (Celt.) Des- Ivo le Moyne. Hund. Rolls. MULVANY J CENDANT OF THE SERVANT Or Disciple of Mean = the Little [Ir. Geoffrey le Moun. do. O'Maoilmheana {mh as y) —6 or ua, grand- , Thomas le Mun.— do. son, descendant -f- the genit. of maol, 2 Bel. to servant, etc. + the genit. of mean, little] Mohun or Mohon (France).

MULVEY"! (Celt.) Servant or Disciple of MUNNING for Munding, q.v. MULVY J MiADHACH = the Noble [Ir. MUNNINGS, Munning's or Munding's (Son). Maolmhiadhaigh (mh as v, dh mute) maol, servant, &c. -|- the genit. ol miadhach, MUNNS (A.-Fr.) Munn's (Son) : v. Munn. noble, honourable] MUNRO \ = MUMBYT (Scand.) Bel. to Mumby (Lines), MUNROE Monro, Monroe, q.v. lyiUISBY J 13th cent. Mumby, Munhy = (prob.) Mund's Settlement or Estate [O.N. MUNSEY = Mounsey, q.v. mund, hand, protector; genit. mundu+by-r, settlement, etc.] MUNT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Mount [M.E. munt, mont, Fr. mont, Lat. mons, month, a 1 MUM FORD (Eng.) Bel. toMundford (Norf.), hill ; also O.E. munt, a hill, from Lat.] MUNFORD /13th cent. Mundeford = Mund's Ford [O.E. hand, MUNTON for Munckton, Monckton, q.v. mund, protector ; genit. munde + ford] MURBY, a var. of Morby, q.v. (Fr.-Lat.) corruptforras of Montfortq.v. MURCH, a var. of March, q.v., the form being

MUMMERY, a corrupt form of Montbray : v. due to the diphthongal pron. of March as Mowbray. March. — — • ,

34 Murchie Mu55on

MURCHIE (Celt.) an Anglicized form of the MURTAGH \

Ir. Murchadh : v. under Murphy. MURTAUGHl(Celt.) from the same Irish MURTEAGH original as Moriarty, q.v. MURCHISON (A.-Celt.) Murchie's Son: v. MURTOCH )' MurchieandMurphy [Ir. MacMurchadha] MURTHWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Murthwaite MURCOTTT (Eng.) Bel. to Murcot(t = the (Westmd. : i6th cent. Myrthwaite) = the MURCUTTJ Moor- Cottage [M.E. mor{e, Moor or Bog Clearing [O.N. m^r-r, a ' O.E. m6r + M.E. cot(e, O.E. cot] moor, bog -H \ueit, a clearing] ]V[urcot(t, Oxon, and Murcot(t, North- MURTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Moor-Farm ants, were Morcote in the 13th cent. [O.E. m6r:+ ttln] MURDEN for Morden, q.v. Murton,Cumb., and Murton, Northumb., are called indifferently Murton or Moor- MURDO for Murdoch, q.v. town. MUSARD (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Loiterer, Dawdler MURDOCH! (Celt.) Sea-Happy [Gael, and '. [Fr. musard ; f. muser, to muse, loiter] MURDOCK J Ir. Mu{t)readhach—mu{i)r ,sea-f- ' adhach, happy, prosperous, lucky] MUSCHAMP (Fr.-Teut. + Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Muschamp or Mouchamp (France) = the

MURGATROYD 1 (Gr. + Scand. ) Bel. to Moss-FiELD [Fr. mousse, O.H.Gfer. mos, MURGITROYD f Murgatroyd (Yorks), 14th moss -1- Ft. champ, Lat. campus, a field] cent. Mergretrode = Mergret's or Mar- This name was Latinized in our garet's Clearing [v. Margaret and mediaeval records de Musco Campb [Lat. Royd] musc-us, moss]

MURISON I Murray's Son: v. Murray'. MUSGRAVE V (Eng.) Bel. to Musgrave = the 2 for Morrison, q.v. M USG ROVE J Moss-Grove [O.E, meSs, moss, or O.E. mds, a marsh + grdf] MURLESS (Eug.) Dweller at the Moor-Leas [O.E. lea] m&r, moor -f ledh, io"^^^ of Musket(t, q.v. MuIhETT } P^^**^"-

MURPHIEH Celt. ) Sea - Warrior [Ir.

MUSKER ] (Celt.) 'The people descended MURPHY ] Murchadh—mu{t)r„ sea + an asp. , form of cath, war, warrior] MUSKERY Urom Carbery Muse, son of MUSKERRY j Conary XL, were called Mus- ' O'Murchadha [nepotic (genit.) form of craidhe (Muskery : O'Dugan) : of these MurchadK], now always pronounced in ' there were several tribes, one of which Irish O'Mun^oghoo, and Anglicized Murphy, gave name to the two baronies of' prefix — without the O.' Muskerry in Cork.'— Annals of the Four Masters, IV. p. 11 58 w. Joyce, Irish Local Names, p. 74. Murphy is the commonest name in Ireland. ' M USKET 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname or sign- MUSKETT/name from the Sparrowhawk Some leading Murphys are now mak- so called [M.E. musket,ma\e sparrowhawk; ing their name Morchoe and O'Morchoe O.Fr. mousket, mouschet {Ft. emouchet),: a good change. Joyce. — L.Lat. musc(h)etus, a kind ; f. of hawk Lat." v* * musca, a fly] MURRAY \ (Celt.) i iox Mor{r)ogh,3.conXr. form of (a) Mu{i)readhack : v. Murdoch; MURREY J M U S P RATT (Fr.-Teut. -|- Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Murchadh: v. Murphy. (6) Moss-Field [Fh mousse, O.H.Ger. mos, 2 Bel. to Moray or to Morrach (Scot- moss + O.Fr. prat (Fr. pre), Lat. prat-um, land) = the Sea-Field or Marsh [Gael, a field, meadow] (and Ir.) murmhagh {mh mute) mu{i}r, sea MUSSON (Eng.) an assim. form of Muston, -f the asp. form of magh, a fiel^, plain] q.v. MURRELL = Morell, q.v. The Leicestershire village, Muston in the / MURRILL 13th cent., is now indifferently Muston or MusSoh. MURRELLS, Murrell's (Son) : v. Murrell, Morell. ' (Fr.) the Fr. Musson Or Mousson is app. (like Musset, Mousset) a dim. nickname MURROGH f. mousset a var. of mouche, a fly, beauty- MURROUGH Murray", q.v. spot, etc. [Lat. musca, a fly, (fig.) a MURROW meddler]: w — :

35 Hustard Nail

v. i/lUSTARD (A.-rr.-Lat. + Teut.) metpn.,for MYERS, Myer's (Son) : Myer. Mustarder (Fr. tnoutardier), M\istarAmaker, to Myerscough Mustardman (now extinct as surnames) MYERSCOUGH (Scand.) Bel. (Lanes), A.D. 1317 Mirescogh = the Bog- [M.E. mustard, mostard, O.Fr. mostarde, f., myre, O.N. m^-r, a bog with sufl. -ard (Teut. hard), Lat. must-um, Wood [M.E. mire, must] + M.E. sco{u)gh, O.N. skdg-r, a wood]

MYERSON, Myer's Son : v. Myer. WUSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Muston ; or Dweller at the Moss Farm or Village [O.E. mds, MYHILL =. Michael, q.v. a marsh + tuti\ Cp. Musson'. MYLCHREESTl (Celt. + Gr.) i theManxil/ac MYLCHRIST J Giolla Chreest = Son ofthe WUTCH = Much, q.v. Servant of Christ. 2 the Manx Mael Chreest = Servant VIYALL, V. Miall, Michael. or Disciple of Christ \mael, bald (tonsured) one, servant, disciple] VIYCOCK, a form of Maycook, q.v. Cp. Gilchrist.

MYDDLETON = Middleton, q.v. MYLER = Meyler, q.v.

VIYER (Scand.) Dweller at the MiRE or Bog MYLES = iVilles, q.v. [O.N. myr-r\ MYLOTT = Millot, q.v. Richard del Myre.— ' Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D, 1379. MYNER 1 (A.-rr.-Celt.) Miner [Fr. miner, to

; of Celt, (A.-Fr.-Lat,) a form of Mayer, q.v. MYNOR J mine orig.] (Heb.) the Jewish Meir or Meor= Light, Masons and mynours, Luminary [Heb. maSr] And manyothere craftes. Piers Plowman, 44P-1. ( Ger.-Lat. ) an Auglicization of the German Meyer = Steward [Ger. meier, ^*'- '° '^y'o"' Mytton: v. Mitton. O.H.Ger. »»ew>-, steward; Lat. mo/or] MYTTON } N

NABB I a contr. of MacNabb, q.v. NA!!:OR}^Nayler,Naylor. 2 a pet form of Abel, q.v., with attracted

N-. , NAIRN "[(Celt.) Bel. to Nairn, formerly

3 a (North.) form of Knapp, q.v. NAIRNE J Invemaim=MovTH or the Nairn [Gael, inbhir, a confluence, river-mouth NABOR for Neighbour, q.v. tTie river-name may be for Gae\.(amhuinn) NAGEL (Teijt.) Nail, Spike [O.H.Ger. and an-fheam (fh mute) = (river) of the alder] 1 NAGELE ^O.Sax. nagal = Goth. *nagl-s ^ NAISH, a diphthongized form of Nash, q.v. NAGLE yO.T^.nagl = Dut. nagel = O.E. ncegelyVn.., a nail, etc.] NALDER (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nalder or Atten-Alder = At the Alder [M.E. atte The great prevalence of this n^me in nalder, E. M.E. at pen al{d)re, O.E. cet\>cbm America is largely due to German im- aire (dat. otaler^ migration. The A.-Saxpn name is seen I ^—vocalized—in Such Eng. place-names NALE (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nale or Atten- as Nailsworth and Nailstone. Ale = At THE Ale (-House) [M.E. atte nale, E.M.E. The commonness of Nagle ' in Ireland at \>en ale, O.E. at^dm eale] may be due to the early-eighteenth- And songen [sang] atte nale.— century .German immigration ; but the Piers Plowman, 4027. Hibernicization de N6gla seems to point

to a French origin, poss. the place-name . NALL (Eng,) a contr. of Atte Nail or Atten- Nagel in the Eure Dept. HaU = At the Hall [E.M.E. at \en (for \er) Halle, O.E. cet \ckre hle)alle] NAIL 1 ( Eng. ) I the A.-Sax. pers. name Occasionally, however, -all may be for HMLEyNcegel : v. under Nagel, &c. O.E. heal(h; a corner, also (for heald)[ a 2 v. Naie. slope. ——— = 1 —

36 Nance Neely

NANCE (Celt.) Bel. to Nance (Cornw.); or NEAL \ Valley [Corn, nans] Dweller in the [^|AJ-^.= NeM(.,q.v. NANGLE (Eng. + Fr.-Lat.) a contr. of Atte NEEL ) Nangle or Atten-Angle At the Angle or O.Yt. angle, Corner [E.M.E. at^en angle— NEALS, Neal's (Son). Lat. angul-us, ap angle] Symon in Angulo. Hund. Rolls. NEAME (Eng.) = Fame, Uncle (v. undef NANSON, Nan's Son: Nan, a pet form of ' Eames), with attracted N- from mine, Ann(e (A.-Heb.), q.v. thine.

A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Napery - Keeper NAPER ] ( N EAMES (Eng.) = Eames (q.v.) with of the NAPIER i[M.E. nap(p)er{e, keeper attracted N- from mine, thine. table-linen; O.Fr. naperie, NAPPER J napery or "LXat. naparia, mapparia, napery-depart- NEAP (A. -Fr.-Lat.) an abnormal form f. Lat.

ment of a household ; Lat. mappa, a table- nepos, a grandson, also a nephew : cp,

napkin : cp. Fr. nappe, a table-cloth] Neave, Neve. John le Napere. Hund. Rolls. Henry le Nep.—Hund. Rolls. le Nappere. do. Jordan — Hugh Nepos.^— do. NAPTON for Knapton, q.v. Cp. the common French Le Nepveu. Napton-on-the-Hill is in Warwickshire. (Scand.) Dvi^eller at a Peak [O.N. gnlpa] NARRACOTT (Eng.) Dweller at the Narrow (Celt.) the Irish Ndradhach (nepotic Cot [O.E. nearu \- cot] NEARY form O'Ndradhaigh—dh mute) [cp. Ir. NASH (Eng.) a contr. of Atte Nash or Atten- ndr, good, happy -|- adkach, -prosperous, Ash = At the AsH(-Tree [E.M.E. aii>en lucky] as{c)he, O.E. cet Tpdkm cesce] NEASMITH, a form of Nasmith, q.v. Pagan atte Nash.—Ca/. Inq. P.M. NEAT (Eng.) i Companion, Vassal, Ten- I [O.E. nmgel, NASMITH 1 (Eng.) Nail-Smith N EATE J ANT [O.E. ge)nedt] nail smiff, smith] NASMYTH J + 2 a nickname from the animal [O.E. cow] NATHAN (Heb.) Given (of God) [Heb. Ndthdn] nedt, ox, (A.Fr.-Lat.) Neat, Tidy [Fr. net-te ; Lat. nitidus] ^- WlacNaughtan, Mao NAUGHXm 1 NEAVE KaUGhTonJ '^-S'^ten. NEEVE; i^eve, q.v.

NAY (Fr.) Bel. to Nay (Normandy). N EAVES, Neave's (Son) : v. Neve. (Celt.) for MacNay, MacNee, q.v. NEED, V. Nead. NAYLAR ) (Eng.)' Nail-Maker [M.E. nayler{e; NEEDES' V. NAYLER \ M.E. nayl, O.E. n

NEAGLE (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-Egle= NEEDLER (Eng.) Needle-Maker [M.E At the (Sign of the) Eagle [E.M.E. at nedlere, ned{e)ler; O.E. ndsdl, needle -f- thi

O.Fr. aigle, Lat. aquila, an eagle] , Yen egle— agent, suff. -ere (Teut.) a var.'of Nagle, Nagel, q.v. Lucas le Nedlere. Hund. Rolls. Sir R. Matheson gives Neagle as a var. NEELEYl (Celt.) I for the It. MacConghaok of Nagle in Ireland (Var. & Syn. Sum. NEELY I Son of Conghaol : v. Connel. 1 Irel, p. 56). (A.-Lat.) a var. of Nigel, q.v. 2 for Mao Neilly, q.v. ———

37 Neep Nettelfield

NEEP = Neap, q.v. quoted were doubtless of the same stock. The immediate progenitor of the Norfolk NEEVE = Neve, q.v. Nelsons is supposed to have left Lanca- NEEVES, Neeve's (Son). shire in the suite of the youngest son of the I St Earl of Derby when he was NEGUS (Eng.), found in 1598 as Negose and appointed Bishop of Ely A.D. 1506-7. in 1636 as Neegoose, app. represents the O.Angl. (with ge- unpalatalized) n^ah- N END (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-End = At the gehiisa, ' ' (of etc.) neighbour ' In^ah, nigh + gehiisa, End the village, wood, [E.M.E. ' housemate] at \en ende, O.E. at ^(km ende] Colonel Negus, the concoctor of the NERN = Nairn, q.v. • drink so called, was of East-Anglian family. NESBIT (Eng.) Bel. to Nesbit(t (North- ] NESBITT iumb.^; Durham), 13th cent. NEIGHBOUR tEng.) [O.E. n^ah-{ge)hur~n^ah, NESBETT jTVesebit, 14th cent. Nesbyt [the

ijigh ; gejbiir, husbandman, boor] first element is rather O.E. ntess, low NEIL gBound == Dut. nes, low marshy ground, than O.E. nass, a headland O.E. bita, NEILE (Celt.) Champion [Ir. and Gael. h a small piece} NEILL ] ^ NEILDJ Cp. Nisbet(t. This name was borrowed by the Scandi- NESMITH, a var. of Nasmith, q.v. navians as Njdll, Njdl, and Latinized in England as Nigellus. NESS 1 (Teut.) I Dweller at a Promontory NEILSON, Neil's Son: v. Neil. NESSE/or Headland [O.E, nass = O.N. nes'] NEISH for q.v. Mao Neish, 2 Dweller on Low, Marshy Ground [v. under Nesbit and Holderness] N ELDER (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-Elder = At THE Elder (-Tree) [E.M.E. v. at \en eldre: N ET H E R BY (Scand.) Bel. to Netherby (Cumb.; Elder'] Yorks) = the Lower Farm [O^N. «eSn Cp. Nalder. + .by-r]

NELL 1 a var. of Neill, q.v. NETHERCLIFT ( Scand. ) Dweller at the 3 a pet form of Ellen (A.-Gr.), q.v. Lower Cuft or Cleft [O.N. ne'Sri, lower; and see Clift] Adam Nel.—Hund. Rolls-

1 (Eng.)DwellerattheLoWER NELM \(Eug.) a contr. of Atten-Elm ==At NETHERCOTE NETHERCOTT Cottage [O.E. neo'Sera NELMEJl:JTHE Elm (-Tree) [E.M.E. at ]>en J + eot] elme, O.E. at fickm elme] In the Hundred Rolls the name was NETHERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Lower Latinized both as ad Ulmum and de Ulmo. Field [O.E. neff&era +feld] NETHERSALL (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller NELMESl = Nelm(e, q.v., with the genit., | Vat the Lower Hall [Q.E.. NELMS J aiid pi., -s suffix. NETHERSOLE NETHERSOLL J neo'Sera = O.N. seSn, lower

NELSON I Nel's or Neil's Son : v. Neil. 4- O.E. seel = O.N. sal-r, a hall]

2 Nell's Son : v. NelP. But in Kent, where the Nethersoles are mostly found, a sole is a pond or pooL Thomas Nellson. Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. NETHERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Netherton ; or Nelson. Thomas Dweller at the Lower Farm or Hamlet Lane. Fines, A.D. 1458. [O.E. neo'Sera -\- itin'] Thomas Neelson. C/oj? .Rott (Duchy of Lane), A.D. 1462-3. NETHERWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Lower [O.E. neo'Sera weg] ~ William Neleson.—iV-/.i?oWs, A.D.1S03. Way +

William Nelson.— . NETHERWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Lower Lane. Fines, A-.T). i

. hieen an ancestor of Lord Nelson ; and the NETTELFIELD (Eng.) DwellerattheNETTLE- -earlier Lancashire Nelson and Neelson Field [O.E. netel + feld] — — ——

38 Nettelton Newborough

NETTELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Nettleton == NEW (Eng.) the New (-Comer) [M.E. '«OTe, I the Estate of the Netel(a Family O.E. niwe] genit. pi. [A.-Sax *Netelinga-tun inga, Richard le Newe. Hund. Rolls. estate, etc.] of the fil. suff. -ing ; tin, The Wilts place occurs in loth-cent. NEWALL for Newhall, q.v. Latin charters as Netelington. Occasionally, as at Newall-with-Clifton, netel W.Yorks, we find the tautological name 2 the Nettle-Enclosure [O.E. + ' ' Hall.' tiin\ Newall NEWARK (EngJ Bel to Newark = the New NETTER (Eng.) Net-Maker [O.E. nett, a niet Work or STRbNGHOLD [M.E, newe, O.E. f the agent, suff. -ere\ niwe -t- M.E. wark{e, werk{e, O.E. weorc, a NETTLEFIELD = Nettelfleld, q.v. fortification] Several Scottish Newarks (notably NETTLEFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at the Nettle- Newark Castle, Selkirk) have affixed the Fold [O.E. netel + fal{o)d, a sheepfold] tautological ' Castle' to the name.

(Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the NETTLESHIP NEWARN T(Eng. ) Dweller at the New Nettles-Hope \0JK. netel, nettle; and NEWARNEJ House [O.E. niwe + earn, a V. Hope] house]-

= q.v. NETTLETON Nettelton, nIwball}^-^-'"'"''^- NEVE (Teut.) Nephew [M.E. neve, O.E. nefa newberry = nephew Dut. neef, nephew, I V. O.N. nefi, p NEWBERY Newbury. cousin = M.H-Ger. neve, O.H.Ger. nevo {mod..neffe), nephew] NEWBIGGIN ! ( A.-Scand! ) Bel. to New- Walter le Nsve.^Hund. Rolls. NEWBIGGING biggin(g, &c., a common NEWBEGGIN North. Eng. and Scot, place-, By metonymy, neve also denoted a NEWBEGIN J name =? the New Building spendthrift, or prodigal, as didtlie Lat. or Dwelling [O.N. n^r = O.E. niwe: + nepos. O.^.bygging]

NEVES, Neve's (Son) : v. Neve. Stephen Ap Newebigging. Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1259-60. NEVETTl 1 for Knyvett, q.v. NEVITT 1 Knevett, Newbegin is in N.Yorks.

2 app. also = Neve (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dini. NEWBOLD ( Eng. ) Dweller at the New suff. -^)f. NEWBOLT NEWBOULD House or Hall [O.E. niwe + a dwelling, house, palace] ' ( A.-Fr.-Lat. Bel, to i N6ville bold, NEVILE ) NEWBOULT NEVILL (Normandy: Manche and Seine- See Bold'. NEVILLE J Inf^rieure) ; 2 Neuville (very com- mon in France) = the New Town [Fr. Thomas de Neubold. neuve (f.;, Lat. nova, new + Fr. ville, Inq, ad guod Damn., A.D. 1322,

town ; Lat. villa, estate, manor] NEWBON "I I for Newbo(u)rn, q.v. These names were Latinized in our NEWBONE -I z2 for Newbond, q.v. records de Nova Villa. NEWBON D 1 (A.-Scand. ) the New Bond NEVIN (Celt.) I a contr. of the Irish Giolla- NEWBOUND f [O.E. «fwe, new; and v. under naebhin (bh as v)'= the Servant or Bond] Disciple of the Saint [h.giolla, servant, Richard le Newebonde. Hund. Rolls. etc. -I- naebh, naomh (genit. naoimh), a saint the dim. suft. -lii] -I- NEWBORN V (Eng.) Dweller at the New 2 the Cnaimhin as [Ir. [O.'E.niwe Irish [mh v) NEWBOURN I Burn or Brook cndimh, a bone -f- the dim. suff. -/«] NEWBURN J + burne] Cp, Niven. Newburn, co. Fife, owes its name to the diverted course of a brook. (Eng.) prob. also = Neve (q.v.) the dim. suff. -in. A.-F;-, NEWBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Newborough: NEVINS Nevin's (Son) V. Newbury. -•

1 , V. Nevin. Newborough, Staffs, was Newburgh, NEVINSON j^^^v""^^""jj soj, \ NEVISON Novus Burgus, in the 14th cent. —— —

39 Newboltle Newsum

NEWBOTTLE (Eng.) Bel. to Newbottle; or NEWLIN [for Newlyn, q.v. Dweller at the New House [O.E. niwe + NEWLING botl, a house, building] NEWLYN (Celt.) Bel. to Newlyn (2), Cornwall. NEWBURGH\ (Eng.) Bel. to Newburgh, AcC. to Bannister this name denotes the

NEWBURY J Newbury=the New Strong- 'New Pool' [Corn. newydh=^A. newydd, hold [O.E. niwe, dat. nlwan- + burh, dat. new + Corn. lyn='SNs\. llyn, a pool]; but byrig] this can hardly apply to the Newlyn near Newburgh was Latinized de NovoBurgo. Truro, whose very ancient church is dedicated to St. Newlyn. NEWBY (Scand.) Bel. to Newby ; or Dweller at the New Farmstead or Settlement NEWMAN (Eng.) the New Man, Newcomer [O.N. nji-r + bS-r] [M.E. neu, newe, O.E. niwe + man] KlwC§ML}f-Newcome,q.v; Richard le Neumaii. Hund. Rolls. Simon le Neweman.^C/ose Rolls.

N EWCOME 1 (Eng.)NEWcoMER; Stranger This name in our directories is some- NEWCpMEN fJM.E. neu, new(e, new(ly + times an Angljcization of the correspond-

- come{n ; O.E. niwe + cumen, pp. of cuman, ing German Neumann. to come] Robert le Newcomen. NEWMARCHI (Eng.) Dweller at the New Close Rolls, A..Ti. i2ii. NEWMARK J March [O.E. nivie; and v. March] NEWDICK (Eng.) Dweller at the New Dike Adam de Neumarche.'—.ffj/nd. Rolls. [O.E, niwe + die] Newmark in ourdirectories is frequently an Anglicization of the corresp. German NEwfLL"} ^°^ Newall = Newhall, q.v. Neuniark. I NEWHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Newhall; or Dweller NEWNAM for Newnham, q.v. at or by the New Hall [O.E. niwe + h{e)aU] J:j|WN|S}fo,Newins,q.v. NEWHAM (Eng.)Bel.toNewham; or Dweller at the New Enclosure [O.E. niwe + There is a Newnes village in Shropshire. ham(m, a piece of land,enclosure, dwelling] NEWNHAM(Eng.)Be!.toNewnham;orDweller ' Walter de Neubam.—Hund. Rolls. At the New Enclosure, or Residence, or Estate [A.-Sax. dat. form ' set Niwan- NEWIN (Eng^ Dweller at the New Inn or , kam(me,' i. niwe and (i) hamm, a piece of House [O.E. niwe inn, a houfee ; cham- + land,, enclosure, messuage; ham, ber] (2) dwelling, estate] NEWINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Newington = At the New Farmstead, Manor, NEWPORT (Eng.) Bel. to Newport = i the Estate, &c. [usual A.-Sax. dat. form 'set New Haven [O.E. niwe + port, Lat. Niwantiine,' horn niwe SLDd tiin] port-US, a harbour] Ic ^Ifgyfu se6 hl{^fdige, Eadweardes 2 the New Town [O.E. niwe + port; cyninges m6dor, geserndede set Cnute Lat. porta, a city-gate] cyninge mlnum hldforde faet land set The name of Newport, LW., was NiwantHne. Latinized both as Novus Partus and Novus (I, ^Ifgifu the lady. King Edward's Butgus ; Newport, Salop, was called mother, obtained from King Canute, my Novus Burgus (de Novo Burgo) in its' lord, the land at — New(ing)ton). charter by Henry I ; Newport, Mon., was Charter of Queen iEIfgifu Emma." called Novus Burgus by Giraldus Cam- Richard de Newentonp. Hund Rolls. brensis iu order to distinguish it from Caerleon. NEWINS, pi. of Newin,c^.v. NEWSAM NEWLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Newland; or NEWSHAM (Eng.) Dweller At the New Dweller at the New Land, i.e. Reclaimed NEWSHOLME Houses [O.E. niwe, new +

Land , [O.E. niwe + land] NEWSOM Msum, dat. pi. oihus, a house] NEWSOME NEWLANDS, pi. of Newland, q.v. NEWSUM

NEWLAY "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the New Lea Newsholme, E. Yorks,' is also known as Newsholme, near Gisburn, is NEWLEY J [O.E. niwe + leak (M.E. ley, lay), Newsham ; a meadow, pasture, field] also called Newsome; Newsom (Boldon ——— — ;

40 Newson Nisbett

Book, Newsom), Durham, is alternatively NICKIN =i Nick (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -in. Newsham; Newsham, Gilling Wapentake, The French form is Nicquin. is Newhuson in Domesday Book, in which the Yorkshire Newsholmes occur as NiCKINS, Nickin's (Son) Lanes, was Newhuse ; Newsham, N. NICKINSON v. 1 Nickin's^^ICKINS SonbON Nickin. Neusum AS). i2$2. NICKISSON J Adam de Neusum. NICKLESS for Nicolas, q.v. Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1254. John de Neusum. mCKl:mG}f°'^NicoIin,q.v. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1370.

NiCKLiN's or Nicolin's : NEWSON I New's Son: v. New. NICKLINSON, ' Son

V. Nicolln. . 2 for Newsom, q.v. NICKS, Nick's (Son) \ V. Nick. NEWSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Newstead; or NICKSON, Nick's Son/ Dweller at the New Place [O.E. niwe +

stede] NICOL ' NICOLE NEWTON (Eng.) Bel. to Newton; or NICOLL dims, of Nicolas, q.v. Dweller at the New Farm-stead, Estate, NICOLLE Manor, &c. [usual A.-Sax. dat. form

' ' In the Rolls find set Niwantune (v. under Newington), f. Hundred we the forms niwe and

NIBBS, Nibb's (Son) : v. Nibb. NICOLET= Nicol (q.v.)-l- the Fr. dim. suff. -rf.

NIBLETT = Nibb (q.v.) + the double dim. NICOLIN = Nicol (q.v.)+the Fr. dim. svS.-in. suff. -el-et. NICOLLS NICOLS \ NicoL(L)'s (Son) : v. Nicol(l. NICHOLLJ '^™®- °'^ Nicholas, Nicolas, q.v. Nicol's Son: v. Cp. Nicol(l. NICOLSON, Nicol.

NICHOLAS = Nicolas, q.v. NllLLJ^Neild.q.v. This clerk was cleped hende Nicholas. NIELDfor Niel, Neil, q.v. —Chaucer, The Millire his Tale, 13.

NIELSON, Niel's Son: v. Niel, Neil. N!cH§Lfgs}NiCHOL(L)'s(Son) v.Nichol(l. NIGEL, the Anglicized form of the Lat. NICHOLSON, Nichol's Son Nigellus = Blackish [a dim. f. Lat. niger, black] NICK, a dim. of Nicolas, q.v. Nigellus is frequent in Domesday NICKALL Book. It was used to Latinize Niel, NICKEL(L Neil, q.v. NICKLE for Nicol, q.v. NICKOLL NIGHTINGALE \ (Eng.) a nickname from the NIGHTINGALL/bird [M.E. nyhtegale, etc., NICKALLS O.E. nihtegale] NICKELS NINDfor Nend, q.v. NICKOLDS for Nicols, q.v. NiCKOLLS NISBET \ (Eng.) Bel. to Nisbet (Berwick, Roxburgh, NiCKOLS NISBETT ( Haddington, &c.), a form of Nesbit, q.v.

NICKERSON, a connipt form of Nickinson The Roxburgh Nisbet was Nesebita in and Nicholson, q.v. the 1 2th cent., Nesebit in the 13th. —

41 Nish Norcross

NISH, a contr. of MacNish, q.v. NODES, Node's (Son) 1 „ „„ .„ NODESON, Node's Son r- '^°"®- NIVEN (Celti) a contr. of Gilniven, the Gael, and Ir. Gitle-, GioUa-naoimheh (mh as v) NOEL(Fr,-Lat.) Children born at Christmas- = the Servant or Disciple of the tide were sometimes baptised by the Saint [Gael. giUe, Ir. gioUa, servant, dis- French equivalent of ournames Christmas ciple + the genit. of naomh, a saint + and Midwinter [Fr. noel, by euphony for the dim. suff. -en] nael, Christmas; Lat. {dies) natalis, birth- Cp. Nevin. day] Adam Noel.—5cm<. ofGascony, A.D. 1242-3. NIVENS, NlVEN's(Son) NIVENSON ~ NOELSON, Noel's Son : v. Noel. NIVINSON Niven's Son V. Niven. NIVISON NOKE = Noak, q.v.

NIX, Nick's (Son) : v. Nick, Nicolas. NOKES = Noakes, q.v. William ^ix.—Hund. Rolls. NOLAN (Celt.) the Ir. Nuallan = Famous,- Noble [Ir. nuall -(- the dim. suff. -dti] NIXEY, an abnormal form = Nix (q.v.) + the E. dim. 'suff. -ey. NOLL I a pet form of Oliver (q.v.) with attracted N-. NIXON, Nick's Son: v. Nick, Nicolas. Here; lies Oliver William Nicson. Goldsmith, for short- ness called Noll. —D. Garrick. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 2 for Knoll, q.v. NOACK ( Eng. ) a contr. of AttenTOak, "I NOAK k'-Oke = At the Oak [E.M.E. a( NOON (Celt.)" the Ir. Nuadhan (nepotic NOAKE J Ipen (/or ]>er, i.) coke, o^, O.K. let I NOONE/ —genitive—form O'Nuadhain) = \>(km (for Jpckre) dc{e] the New [Ir. (and Gael) nuadh (dh mute), Philip Attenoke. new + the dim. suff. -an] Close Rolls, A.D. 1275. NOAKES" ' NOPPS, an unvoiced form of Nobbs, q.v. NOAKS i pi. of Noak, q.v. NORBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Norbiiry = the NOBB, a dim. name = Hobb (q.v.) with NoliTH Stronghold [O.E.'noAi 4; huth, attracted N- (as'in Noll for Ol-iver). dat. byrig] Geoffrey ^obhe.—ffund. Rolls. Norbury, E. Cheshire, was Norburie in the i2th cent., Northbury ih the 13th. NOBB.S, Nobb's (Son) : y. Nobb. Norbury, Staffs, in Domesday Book Nort- , NOBLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. nople; Lat. nobil-is, berie, was Northbyriixi the 13th cent. welltknown, noble] NORCOMBE(Eng.) Dweller at the North NOBLET ] I = Noble (q.v.) the Fr. dim. + Hollow [O.E. not^ + cumb (from Celt.] NOBLETT Uuff. -ei. There is a Northcombe in W. Devon. NOBLITT J 2 = Nob (v. Nobb) the Fr. double + NORCOTTl (Eng.) Dweller at the North dim. suff. -el-el. NORCUtT i Cottage [O-E. noi^ + cot] Noblet is a common French surname. There are places called Norcott in Herts and Berks. NOCK (Celt.) for Knock, q.v. See (Eng.) = Noak, q.v. Northoot(t.

NODDER (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. pers. name NORCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the North [O.E. Nowhere no}?, boldness + here, Croft [O.E. noif -I- croft, a small field] army] There is a hamlet called Norcroft near 2 perh. also a nickname fromM.E.«o(W^«, Barnsley, Yorks. to nod, (orig.) to shake. (Scand.) NODE (Teut.) = the M,E. Ode (occurring, for NORCROSS Dweller at the North Cross [0.N. -\- (ult. £. Lat. example, in the 14th -cent. Yorks Poll- nor^-r kross Tax) with attracted N- (as in Noll for crux, crucis^ Ol-iver) [O.Teut. Oda; Odo—i.O.S&Ti. 6d More specifically, Norcross (spelling the = O.N. a«S-r = O.H.Ger, ot = O.E. edd, same in the early i6th cent.) near Fleet- prosperity, riches] w/ood. Lanes. — — ' ; ————— — .

42 Norden Northampton

NORDEN (Eng.) Dweller at tile North NORMAN BY (Scand.) Bel. to Normanby (fre- Valley XO.E. norf, + denu] quent in the great Scandinavian counties Lines and Yorks) == the Northman's But the name in our directories is Settlement' [v. under -|- sometimes the German and Scand. Norden Norman, and settlement, = North. O.N. 6j/-r, farmstead]

Confused with Nordon. NORMANSELL (Eng.) Dweller at (app.)- Norman's or the Northman's Hall NORDON (Eng.) Dweller at the North Down [O.E. seel = O.N. sal-r, a hall] [O.E. nor]> + dtin, a hill] NORMANTON (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to There are Northdov#ns in Kent and Normanton = Norman's br the North- Pembroke. man's Estate [O.E. tiin = O.N. tm, Confused with Norden. enclosure, estate] , The Normanton near Southwell, Notts, NORFOLK (Eng.) One from Norfolk, the occurs in a tenth-century charter both A.-Sax. NorthfdIc=the Northern People as Normaniun and Nordmantun. [O.E. ti0r]> folk, people] I +folc, ... the fertheste ende of Northfolk— NORMIN(G)TON for Normanttfn, q.v. Piers Plowman, 2950. NORREYS ( A. - Fr. -Teut. ) Northman; " NORGATE (Eng.) DwelleV at the North Northerner [O.Fr. Noreis, Noreys, Nor^- Gate [O.E. norf + geat] reis, Nor(r)ois, Northman, Northerner; ' ATor- -I- Lat. -gnjH] (Scand.) Dweller at, the North Road m, or Way [O.N, nor\i-r + gata] Hugh le Norreis. Charter Rolls, A.D. iigg. North{e)gate occurs in the Yorks PoU- Tax (A.D. 1379), and Northgate in the Thomas le Noreys. Hundred Rolls for Norfolk (A.D. 1274). Hun4. Rolls, A.D. 1274^^ Walter le Noreis.

I (Eng.) Dweller at the NORGRAVE North Pari. Writs, A.D. 13 13. NORG ROVE J Grove \0.'E. nor]f + grdf[ , Robert le Norreys. Inq. A.D. Cal. P.M., 1327. , NORKETT, a corrupt form of Norcott,q.v. Cp. NoppJs. NORLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the North Lea NORRINGTON, a corrupt form of Northamp- [O.E. nor\f + ledh (M.E. ley] ton (q.v.) through the i3th-cent. form More specifically Nofley, Chesh., in Norhantonfe. the r4th cent. Northlegh, Norlhley. NORRIS (A.-Fr.-Teut.) = Norreys, q.v. I NORMAN (Teut.) Northman [(i) O.Fr. (A--Fr.-Lat.) the Nurse {M.E. NORRISHmSddIIu I Norman{d, Dan.-Nofw. Nordmand, O.N. J „^„-^g_ noryce; O.Fr. norrice (Fr.

Nof^maiS'r (pi. Nor^menn), Northman nourrice) ; Lat. nutrix, -icis, a nurse] Norwegian' (2) O.E. Jfor^mann, Norse- Alicia le Noryce. Cal. Inq. P.M.

man ; Dane] I trowe that to a norice in this cas. term In the A.-Saxon Chronicle the Chaucer, Cant. Tales, £561. NorVmen{n sometimes embraces the Danes (v. A.D. 787). Elsewhere— they are NORTH (Eng.) One from the North [O.E. distinguished (v, A.D. 924) ' . . . o6g}>er - norY\ ge Englisce, ge Denisce, ge NortSmen, ge NORTHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Northam (Devon, obre ' (. . . both English and Danes, and Hants, &c.) = the North Enclosure Northmen and others). [O.E. nor^ -\- ham{m, a piece of land, en- NorVman occurs as a pers. name in closure] .England in the loth and nth centuries. NORTHAMPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Northampton, Normannus ( frequent ) ; Norman A.D. 917 and 921 Hamtun, Domesday

Northman. Domesday Book. ' 1 Northantone = At the North High [O.E. Mathew le Norman; Hund. Rolls. Town iior'^, north + hedm, hedn dat. of hedh, high -|- jM«(e] Robert Northman.- do. Northampton is situated on a slope Arcy. Norman de — do. rising from the R. Nen. Apparently 'E[t] Peitevin e[t] Bretun et Norman.— North- was added to the name in order to La Chanson de Roland, 3g6i. distinguish it from Southampton. . — — ——

43 Northcot Nottingham

[pers. NORTHCOT ] (Eng.) Bel. to Northcot(e, 2 :Not(t)'s' or Hnotta's Lea NORTHCOTE \ Northcott = the North name f. O.E. knot, bald, close-crapped] Cottage [O.E. norTp cot] NORTHCOTT J + 3 CNorrA'S' Lea [pers. name f. O.E. Northcott, Berks, seems, however, to cnotta = O.N- kmit-r (whence Cnut or

be for an earlier Noi'thcourt. ^ Canute), a knot]

NORTHERN"! (Eng.) Northerner [M.E. v. NOTMAN = Not(e)'s MAN(-Seryant) : O.E. (and NORTHEN J northern; nor^em under Nott. nor^an), from tne north] Richard Noteman. Hund. Rolls. NORTHEY (Eng, and Scand.) Dweller at I the North Island [O.E. «orl'=O.N.«o/-f'-r NOTON, V. Nottoh- ' + O.E. i{e)g = O.N. ey, island] 2 the North Hey (Enclosure) [O.E. NOTSON, Npt(e)'s or Nott's Son : v. Nott. hag-, haga '= O.N. hagi, enclosure, field] Johannes Nottson; ' Northey (Island), Essex, is near the Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. meet of the Blackwater and the Chelmer. NOTT (Eng.) I Bald ; Close-Cropped [M.E. NORTH LEY (Eng.) Dweller at the North not, nott{e, O.E. knot] (M.E. Lea [O.E. «orJ> + ledh ley] The A.-Sax. pers. name Hnotta occurs. (Eng.)Bel.toNorthoporNoRTH- NORTHOP \ Hugh le Notte.—H««d. Rolls. NORTHUP J Hope (Flint) [O.E. nor]> ; and . Hope] A twt heed' [head] hadde he, with a broun visage. (Scand. and E°gO i°^ Northorp(e, q.v. Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 109. to NORTHORP i (Scand. and Eng.) Bel. . . . your nott headed country gentleman. NORTHORPE J Northorp(e (Lines" ; Yorks) —Old Plays, VI. 150 ; T. Wright. = the North Farm or Hamlet [O.N. 2 tor Knott', q.v. ttOri'-r = O.E. nor]> + O.N. and O.E, YprpJ 3 the (rare) A.-Sax. pers. name Cnotta (Engl) Dweller at the NORTHOVER North [O.E. cnotta, m., knot], corresp. to the ,' Bank or Shore ' [0:E.tior]> + dfer] O.N. Knilt-r [O.N. knAt-r, m., knot] ; also Northover, Soms., is on thp north bank (inore often) an Anglicized form (loth and of the R. Yeo. nth cent. Cnut, whence mod. Canute) oi

the Scand. name : v. Knot(t' and Nutt.

^°'''°^ °^ Northopp(e, q.v. } I the NORTHRUP NOTTAGE \ (Eng.) a nickname from NOTTIDGE / bird called the Nothatch (or NORTON (Eng.) Bel. to Norton = the North Nuthatch) [M.E. not{e, O.E. hnutu, a riut

Farm, Estate, or VilIage , [A.-Sax. -f-a palatal deriv. of O.E. haccian, to hack], Nor)^tm^^nor§ + tAn] 2 Bel. to Nottage (Glam.) [by analogy, NORWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the North the -age here may be for -wich, O.E. wfc, Well or Spring [O.Ei ndr^ + wieU(a] a place] represents an A.-Sax. NORWICH (Eng.) Bel.. to Norwich, theA.-Sax. NOTTING (Eng.) i Nmfwic = the North Place [O.E. nor] Hnotting = Hnotta's Son [f. O.E. hnot, bald, close-cropped ; with ti6ie 'son ' sufT. -ing] NORWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the North 2 A.-Sax. = Cnotta's Son Wood [O.E. nor]) + wudu] an Cwoftw,? ' [O.E. cnotta, in., a knot; with the 'son 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Nos(e)worthy NOSWORTHY suff. -ing] NOSEWORTHY [ (7' Devon) [the second ele- ment is the O.E. wor^ig, a farm, enclosure: There seems to be no evidence for a of the first element may be the South.E. loi^al origin [O.N.E. ing, a meadovv] nose, a neck of land] this name. Cp. Nutting. NOTHARD (Teut.)i i Neat-Herd [Q.N. naut = 0-E. nedt, cattle + O.N. hirlpi-r = O.E. NOJTINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Nottingham, hierde, herd(sn)an] 3th cent. the Ai-Sax, Snotinga- Willelmus Nouthird. 1 Notinghairi, hdm = the Home of the Snot(a Family, Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. [the pers. name is prob. contracted f. O.E.' 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name No\'h{e)ard snotor= O.N. snotr (in^fact, the form brave] [O.E. nl!\>, boldness -f- A (e)a/-rf, hard, Snothringham occurs in \ Latin charter NOTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Notley = i the Nut- . A.D. 868), wise, prudent (cp. N.E. snot, Tree-Lea [M.E. not(e, O.E. hnutu + M.E. neat, handsome)-fthe genit. pi. {-inga) of ley, O.E. ledh] -w,?, son -)- Mm, home, estate] — — —

44 Notton Nye

14th There has prob. been some confusion NOTTON (Eng.) Bel, to Nottori (Yorks : cent. Notton; Dorset) = (prob.) Nott's with the preceding name. Estate [v. Nott, and + M.E. -ton, O.E. NUTBEAM (Eng.) Dweller by the Nut-Tree tin\ [O.E. hnutbedm] NOURSE = Nurse, q.v. NUTE, V. Nutt. NUTHALL (Eng^ Bel. to Nuthall (Notts: 13th of q.v. Ang''<:'2ed forms Noel, cent. Nuthal) = the Nut (-Tree) Nook, NOwfu!" I or Slope [O.E. hnutu + h{e)al{h, a nook, NOWLAN, V. Nolan. corner; h(e)al (for h(e)ald) = O.N. hall-r, = Ger. halde, a slope] a Nux- NOYCE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by Cp. Nuttall. NOYES /Tree; spec, a Walnut-Tree [Fr. NUTHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Nuthurst; or mix (O.Fr. mis), a walnut, nut ; Lat. nux, at nucis, a nut (-tree] Dweller the Nut-Grove [O.E. hnutu + hyrst^ NUGENT (Fr.) Bel. to Nogent (common in Nuthurst, Warw., was Hnuthyrst A.D, [Fr. noue, France;=the Fair (Wet) Mead 872. a wet meadow; L.Lat. Borfa + O.FT.gent{e, (q.v.) fair; l.a.t.genit-; f.^e«i, a patrician family] NUTKIN = Nut(t -|- the E. (double) dim. suff. [O.L.Ger. -k-in'\ basse Norman- -kin Noe est encore usit6 en ' die avec le sens de petit cours d'eau, petit NUTKINS, NUTKIN'S (Son): v. Nutkin. canal, ruisseau. On dit: une prairie de me, NUTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ntitley; or Dweller ou de noue, ou par abr6viation une noe, une at the Nut (-Tree) Lea [O.E. hnutu+ledh noue, pour une prairie travers6e par un (M.E. ley] plusieurs petits cours d'eau qui lui ou Nutley, Hants, was Hnut-ledh A.D. 932, donnent de I'humidite.—Stappers, Diet. Synopt. d'Etym. Pranf., p. 795. NUTMAN (Eng.) i Dealer in Nuts [O.E. Many bearers of the name Nugent in hnutu, a nut -\- man{n] England are immigrants (or descendants 2 Nut(t)'s Man (-Servant): v. Nutt of immigrants) from Ireland, where this (A.-Scand.) French was usually Hitjernicized name NUTSON, Nut(t)'s Son : v. Nutt. as Nuinnseann. NUTT (A.-Scand.) an Anglicized form (loth NUN(N (A.-Lat.) i Nun (a nickname; and and nth cent. Cnut) of the O.N. Kniit-r prob. applied to the children of a married (Canute) [O.N. kniit^, a knot] after she had taken the monastic woman (Eng.) I Dweller by a Nut-Tree [O.E! vow) [M.E. O.E. nunne, L.Lat. nunna, hnutu, a nut] nonna\ 2 occ. conf. with Nott, q.v. 2 Monk [f. L.Lat. nonn-us, a monk] (Eng) for q.v. (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. NUTTLE^} Nuthall, (royal) pers. name Nunna [prob. f. L.Lat. Nuttall, Lanes, was spelt the same nonn-us, a monk, father] A.D. 1541. .' 'Ego Nunna rex SflJ'saxouum . . (A.D. NUTTER (Eng.) i Nut-Dealer [O.E. hnutu 692).—Cart. Sax., No. 78. -\- the agent, suff. -ere] rarely (Heb.) the Heb. Nun [f. Heb. (rarely) 2 a descendant of the A.-Sax.

nun, to sprout, flourish] pers. name Nowhere [O.E. izrftS, boldness Joshua, the sonbf JV«». Ex. 33. 11. -f here, army] NUTTING (A. -Scand.) may represent" the NUNNS, NUNN'S (Son) , \ Nun(n. AngUcized form Cnut of the O.N. Kntit-r NUN(N)SON, NUN(N)'s Son ; ^- (v. Nutt, A.-Scand.) with the O.Teut. fil.

Hugo Nunneson. suff. -ing ; but more likely = the ' Nut-

Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Meadow' [O.E. hnut, nut -f- O.N.E. ing, NURSE (A.-Ff.-Lat.) (lit.)ONE who Nourish- O.N. eng, meadow] es [M.E. mrice, nurice, O.Fr. norrice (Fr. Willelmus Nutyng.

' Lat. nourrice) ; nutrix, -icis, a nurse] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D! 1379. Cp. Netting. NURSEY = Nurse,(q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. NUTTMAN, v. Nutman. NUSSEY (A.Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Noisy (a fairly NYE (Eng.) a contr. of Atten-Ey(e = At the common French place-name), the L.Lat. Island [E.M.E. at yen (for fer) eye = O.E. Nucetum = the Nut-Grove [f. Lat. nux,

45 O'. O'Callaghan o

O'- (Celt.) Grandson, (of) fir. ) (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Ots, also Descendant , DATES

^ or ua (= Gael, ogha, a grandchild] OATS j formerly Ot{h)es = Ot and Ot{k)e (v. under with formative -i. For O'- names not found below see the Oat(e) name without the prefix. (Eng.) a nickname for a Dealer in Oats [M.E. otes;>0.'E. dte, oat] OAK 1 (Eng.) Dweller by an Oak-Tree Andreas Otes.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. OAKE J [M.E. o{c)k, ok{e, O.E. dc\ Otes de Howarth.— Richard atte Oke.— CaZ. Inq. P.M. YorksPoll-Tax, A.D. 1379. (Eng.) Dweller at OAKDEN the Oak-Valley U est Otes et li quens [comte] [O.E. dc + demi] Berengers? Im Chanson de Roland, 2405.

OAKES, pi., an,d genit., of Oak(e, q.v. OAT(E)SON, Oat(e)'s or Oat(e)s' Son.

Roger of the Okes. Pari. Writs. OATLEY (Eiig.) ' Dweller at the Oat-Lea [O.E. dt(e)-ledh] OAKESHOTT, v. Oakshott. OBEE (Scand.) Bel. to Oby (Norf.) [O.N. ] by-r, a. settlement, farmstead: the OAKEY (Eng.) Dweller at i the OakJsland OBEY OBY J firstelementmaybeforanAngliciza- or -Waterside [O.E. dc, oak-tree -f- i(e)g tion of the O.N. eik, oak (as the neighbour- (M.E. «y), island, etc] ing Ashby is Anglicized), or for a pers. 2 the Oak-Hey (Enclosure) * [0,E. dc, narhe—Odd, Aud] oak-tree + htBg; haga, enclosure, field] Oby is one of a httle cluster of Scand. OAKFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Ford names in the country to the north of Yar- (Ford by the Oaks) [O.E. dc, oak-tree -1- mouth. fordl O'BEIRN'E (Celt.) the Ir. O'Beirn, O'Birn = OAKHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Land O'Brain, q.v. [O.E. dc -\- ham(m, a piece of land, en- for Oldbury, q.v. closure] OBERRY OBORN (Eng.) Bel. to Oborne (Dorset), OAKHILL (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Hill \ OBORNE app. the Domesday Wocbume — [O.E. dc + hyll] J the Crooked Brook [O.E. wdh + burite\ There are villages of this name in Soms. and Wilts. O'BOYLAN (Celt.) the Ir. aBaoigh{e)allain = Descendant of Baogh(e)allan [v.under OAKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Oakley; or Dweller \ O'Boyle, and -|- the dim. suff. -an] OAKLY I at the Oak-Lea [O.E. ac, oak-tree

-t- ledh (M.E. fe(j-] O'BOYLE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Baoighill = De- scendant OF Baoghall [Ir. This name is commonly found in the 0, grandson^ descendant -(- the genit. of Hundred Rolls as Ocle(e. baoghal, peril, danger] OAKMAN (Eng.) -= Oak (q.v.) -\- man. O'BRAIN (Celt.) Descendant of Bran = the Raven [v. O'-, and -1- the genit., brain, OAKSHOTT (Eng.) Dweller at i the Oak- of O.Ir. and O.Gael, bran, a raven] Corner [E. oak, M.E. oke, etc. -f Dial.E. There has been little ' shot, a corner of land ; O.E. dc, oak-tree, some confusion and sce6t, scedt, a comer, projection] with O'Brien.

2 (occ.) the Oaks-Wood [M.E. okes, O'BRIEN \. (Celt.) the Ir. O'Briain --= Des- oaks holt, O.E. + holt, a wood] O'BRYEN J CENDANT of Brian [v. O-', and the genit. of OAR 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Gate = the (River-) -t- Brian, q.v.] ' , OARE Bank or Shore [0,E. dra] J O'BYRNE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Broin = Descen-

The Berkshire Oare was Ora A.D. g68. dant OF Bran : v. O'Brain. OASLER The Ir. and Gael, brotnn is a genit. of for Ostler, q.v. bra. 'belly'; but this (unlike OASTLER I O.E.wamb) does not seem to have been used as a pers. name. OAT "I (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Ot(t, from OATE/ Ger. Otho, Ot(t)o [(. O^H.Ger. iSt = O'CALLAGHAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Ceallachain O.Sax. dd (= O.N. aaS-r = O.E. edd), = Pescendant OF Ceallachan [v. O'-, wealth, bliss] and Callaghan] 46 O'.Cassidy O'Donohoe

,0'CASSIDY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Caiside = De- ODDlEl I f. the A.-French Odo, later Orfe [f.

scendant OF Ca(i)side [(i) Ir. cas, a ODDY . O.Sax.(fi= O.N. awS-r, wealth, bliss],'

twisted lock ; ingenious, clever + the ODEY with the E. dim. suff. -te, -e)y. pers. suff. -id{h)e cats, love, esteem-|- ODY ' ; (2) the adj. plen. suff. -de] The famous half-brother of William I, always appears on the Bayeux Tapestry OCCLESHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Occleshaw as Odo. (Lanes), i3tn cent. Aculleschawe, Acolfshag John m. Ode.—Hund. Rolls. =Acolf"s, or Acwulf's Wood [O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood] Cp. Oat(e.

2 f. the common A.-Sax. Oda, Odda [f. OCCLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Occlestone dd, a form of O.E. edd, wealth, bliss, with' (Ches.), A;D. 1303-4 Occlekton = Acolf's the loth and nth cent. Od(d)a influenced

or AcwuLf's Estate . [O.K. tiiti] by the cognate O.N. Au'S-rJ, with the E. This origin is based on the analogy of dim. suff. -ie, -e)y. Occleshaw. The Roman Emperor Otto, and also his nephew of the same nanie, are called OCHILTREE (Celt.) Bel. to Ochiltree (Ayr), Odda in the A.-Sax. Chronicle A.D. 982. anc. Uchiltre = the High Homestead or Hamlet [Cym. uchel, high+«rftdwelling(s] ODDIKER, an assim. form of OldaCre, q.v.

ODELL (Eng.) Bel, to Odell (Beds), form. OCKENDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak- Wodhull = the Wood-Hill [M.E. wode, Valley [M.E. oken, O.E. dcen, f. dc, oak- O.E. wudu M.E. hull, O.E. hylQ tree -1- M.E. den{e, O.E. denu, a valley] + Odell Castle ... is situated on an Frequently, however, this name is for emmence in the midst of well-wooded Ockendon, q,v. grounds.—iVa/. Gaz.

OCKENDON (Eng;) Bel. to Ockendon (Essex); (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a dim. f. Odo, Ode: v. under etc. or Dweller at the Oak-Hill [M.E. oken, Oddie, [Fr. dim. suff. -el] O.E. dcen, f. dc, oak-tree -1- M.E. -i««, ODGER (Teut.) a form (prop. O.Saxon) of O.E. dun, a hill] Eadgar: v. Edgar [O. Sax. 6d=O.B..Ger. O.E. OCKFORD = Oakford, q.v. 6t = edd = 0:N. aiiS-r, wealth; bliss + O.Sax. O.H.Ger. g£r = O.E. gdr = O.N. ^ejVr, a spear] OCKLESHAW'= Occleshaw, q.v. Li quens Oger li Daneis (The count Oger the Dane).—: OCKLES,TON(E = Occleston, q.v. La Chanson de kolaMd,y>'i'i- ODGERS, Odger's (Son): v. Odger. O'CLEARY \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Cleirigh = De- O'CLERY scendant of Clerech [v. J O-', ODIHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Odiham (Hants), 13th and Cleary'] cent. Odiham = (app.) Odi's Estate [v. and -|- OCLEE, a M.E. var. of Oakley, q.v. Od(d)y, O.E. hdm, home, estate]

ODIN EL (Fr.-Teut.) the Scand. name Odin,. O'CON NELL (Celt.) i the Ir. O'Conghail = O^inn [f. O.N. (JS-r, furious, eager, mad], Descendant of Cong(h)al, i.e. Conflict. with the Fr. dim. suff. -el. 2 the Ir. O'Conaitl = DescendaNiT of Geoffrey Odinel.—Hund. Rolls (Yorks). Conall, i.e., Love, Friendship. ODLIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Odelin, f.- (Celt.) the Ir. O'CONNOR 1 0'Conchobhair= Odo [v. under, Od die] with the double O'CONOR Descendant of I Conchobhar dim. suff. -el-ifi. . [v. O'-, and Con nop] Henry Oielin.—Hund. Rolls. ODAM ODLING = (q.v.) OOEM \ (Engf) I Bel. to Odeham (Devon). Odiln with added -g. for If the first eleriient is the pers. name ODNEL Odinel, q.v. Ode (v. under Od((ll)ie), the second will O'DONNELL (Celt.) the Ir. ODornhnaill = represent O.E. hdm, home, estate : if the Descendant of Domhnall and first element is an aphse?fetic form of M.E. [y. OS

' wode {OS. wudu), a wood, the second will Dohal] O'DONOGHOE 1 (Gelt.) the Ir. O'Donnchadha represent O.E. ham(m, a piece of land, O' DO NOG HUE enclosure. \= Descendant of Donn- O'DONOHOE J CHADH [v. O'-, and Dona- 2 Bel. to Odiham (Haiits) : v. Odiham. ghie] ; — =

47 0' Donovan 'Grady

O'DONOVAN (Celt.) the Ir. aDon{n)dhubhain OGDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ogden (Lanes, Yorks, = Descendant of Pon(n)dubhan [v. Hants, &c.) —a voiced form of Oakden, O'-, and Donovan] q.v.

O'POWD \ (Celt.) the Ir. Ui Dubhda = (One Elias de Akeden.— ^

: O'DOWDA J of the) Descendants of Dubhda Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246-7. or DuBHDE [Ir. pi. of or ui, ua rf, grandson, Thomas Okeden. descendant ; and see (Celt.] Dowd Lanc.Fines,A.D. 1444.

O'DRISCOLL (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eidirsceoil = OGILVIE\ (Celt.) Bel. to Ogilvie (Forfar), of [v. Descendant Eidirsceol O'-, and [the first OGILVY J early 13th cent. O^jtow the intervocalic insertion h, and v. + element may be the Pict. cognate of Wei. Driscoll] uchel, high ; and (if the physiography of O'DUGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Dubhagain = De- the place bears it out) the second element scendant OF DUBHAGAN [ V. O'-, and may represent a mutated form of Wei.

Dugan] ban = Gael, beinn, a peak : but further

early forms are desirable] , O'DWYER (Celt.) the Ir. O'Dmbhidhir = , Descendant of Dubheidir, i.e. Black The third son [of Gilibride, Earl of EiDiR [v. O'-, and + the genit. df dubh, Angus, temp. David I.] Gilbert, assumed black, dark 4- the genit. of Wdzr, sense, the surname of Ogilvy from lands so called wisdom] in his possession, of which, with Powrie ODY, v: Oddy. and Kyneithein in Angus, he had a charter in ^l^2.—Burke's Peerage, &c., s.n. 'Airlie'. O'FALLON (Celt.) the Ir. O'Fallomhain = Descendant of Fallomhan [v. O'-, and OG LE (Teut.) 1 Bel. to Ogle (Northumb.), 12th- Fallon] 13th cent. OggeKj, OggilQ, Oghell, Oghill, OFFER 1 3ssim. forms of Orfeur.q.v. Ogel(l, Hoggel, etc. ['There is no real hill OFFOR I at Ogle'; so that in view ot the village- Ogle(s)by and Oglethorp the OFFLEY (Eng.) Bel. to OfQey (Herts, the names Northumbrian place-name mus.t represent A.-Sax. (roth cent.) 0#(j»-/ffcfA; ' Staffs", a pers. name (v. 2) with a lost local suff.] Domesday Offeleia, Offelie) = Offa's Lea

[O.E. Offan-, genit. of Offa + ledh, a 2 the O.Scand. CEgel, (Egil [f , with dim. meadow, field] Stiff. -e)l, O.N. ag-, agi, awe, terror] (cp.

Ayl-) ; and dec. the O.Scand. (Eguald-r, OFFORD (Eng.) i Bel; to Offord (Hunts), the might] A.-Sax. Ottanford = Otta's Ford [O.E. Aguald-r \uald, Ottan-, genit. oi,OUa (a var; of Otto, q.v.) See Sir Henry A. Ogle's 'Researches + ford] into the Origin of the NaffleOgle' (1901);

' a an assim. form of OrfoPd, q.v. , and his Ogle and Bothel' (1902).

0'FLAHERTY(CeIt.) their. O'Flaithbheartaigh OGLEBY (Scand.) Dweller at CEgel's, or = Descendant of Flaithbheartach [v. , OGELBY cEguald's, Settlement or O'-, and Flaherty] OGILBY Farmstead [v. under Ogle', and O'FLINN \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'Flainn ='De. oglesby; + O.N. 6j)-r]

O'FLYNN I SCENDANT OFFLANN.i.e. the Red [v. O'-, and + the genit. of Ir. jtann, red OGLETHORP (Scand.) Bel. to Oglethorpe vlrhence also the name Flan(n)agan, with (Yorks),the Domesday (Egel's Oglestorp , the doable dim. suff. -iSg-dti] or CEguald's, Farm [v. under Ogle', and Flann, or, as he is usually called, Flann + O.N. ^orp] of the Monastery, was a celebrated LEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ogley (Staffs), 1 5th cent. annalist, poet, and professor, who OG Oggeley, 1300 Oggeleye (app. included in, flourished at Monasterboice and died an estate c^alled A.D. Ocgingtun) = A.D. 1056.— 996 = OcGA's or Ogga's Lea [O.E. ledh, a Joyce, Irish Names of PI., ii. 148. meadow: Ogga (genit. Oggan-) is seem- ingly a dim. form of one of the Os-g— . O'G ARA (Celt.) the Ir. 0'GarfAra= Descendant OF Gadhar, i.e. the Hound [v. O'-, and names, such as Osgar, Qsgod, etc;] + the genit. of ^adAar (dA mute), a hound] O'GORMAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Gormain = OGBORN(E 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Ogbourne Descendant of Gorman [v. O'-, and OQBOURN(E J (Wilts), -forta. Okeburne =the ! Gorman] Oak (-bordered) Stream [O.'E.dc+bUrne: with c (li) voiced to g by the influence of O'GR/KDY (Ce]t)tM]r.O'Grdda = Descen- the following voiced letter 6] dant of GrAda [v. O'-, anij Grady] — —

48 O'Hagan Okie

O'HAGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'hAedhagain = De- O'HEANY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aonaigh = De- scendant OF Aedhagan [v. O'-, and + scendant of Aonach, i.e. the Prince the intervocalic insertion h+aedh, fire, [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h ardour, and the geniti of the double dim. -H the genit. of aonach, a prince] suff. -gdn {6g-tin\ O'HENERY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Inneirghe = De- O'HALLIGAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ailecain = scendant of Inderghe or Innerghe. Descendant of Ailecan, i.e. the Noble, Inderghe mac Mochdin [v. the intervoca- Beautiful O'-, and + (Innerghe, son of Mochan). licjnsertion h + ail, a stone, rock ; noble, Ann. of the Four Masters, A,D. 953. beautiful, + the genit. of the double, dim. sufl. -can {-6c-dri\ O'HENNESSY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aenghusa = O'HANLEY) (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ainlighe = Descendant OF Aengus: v! Angus [v.O'-, O'HANLY /Descendant of Ainleach or and + the intervocalic insertion h + the AiNLE, i.e. the Comely,. Fair [v. O'-, and &s^. g&nii. oi Aengus\ + the intervocalic h + the genit. of O'HERAGHTY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aireachtaigh ainleach or ainle] = Descendant of Aireachtach, i.e. the O'HANLON (Celt.) [the Ir. O'h-Anluain = Nobleman [v. O '-, and + the intervocalic Descendant of Anluan, i.e. Noble insertion h + aireach, a noble -1- the genit. Warrior [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic of the plen. suff. -tacK\ insertion h + aon, one, also noble, good, O'HICKEYl (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Icidhe = De- and the genit. of luan, a warrior, hero] O'HICKIE J scendant of Icidhe, i.e. the [v. O'HANNANUCelt.) i the Ir. O'h-Ainnin = Healer O'-, and + the intervocahc insertion h si deriv. from the root ic, to O'HANNON J Descendant of Annin. + heal] 2 the Ir. O'h^Annain = Descendant of (Celt.) the Ir. Annan [v. O'-, and -f the intervocahc O'HIGGIN \ O'h-Uiginn = insertion h + Ir. ann, skill, or anna, O'HIGGINS J Descendant of Uige, i.e.- wealth with the genit. of a Jewel [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic ; the dim. suff.] insertion h -{ the genit. of uige^ O'HARA (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eaghra = De- scendant of Eaghra [v. O'-, and + the O'HYNE \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eidhin =I)E- intervocalic insertion K\ O'HYNES J scendant of Eadhin [v. O'-, and -I- the intervocalic insertion h + the Eaghra mac Poprigh*, tighearna Lui- genit. of a dim. f. eadh, a guard, protection] ghne, Connacht [lord of Luighne, Con- naught]. O'KANE "I (Celt.) the Ir. O'Cathain (th a? h) Ann. of the Four Masters, A.D. 926. O'KEANE J_ = Descendant of Cathan, i.e. *He is the ancestor from whom the the Warrior [v. b'-, and + the genit. of Ui-Eaghra, or CfHaras, of Leyny, in the cathdn, a dim. f. cath, war, warrior] coimty of Sligo, have derived their name. OKE = Oak(e, q.v. — A.F.M., note, ii. 620.

O'KEEF 1 (Celt.) the Ir. O'Caoitnh (mhasv) O'HARE (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Ir = Descendant O'KEEFE \ = Descendant of Caomh, i.e. OE Ear [v. O'-, and -f- the intervocalic in- O'KEEFFE the Beautiful [v. O'-, and sertion h + the genit. ol Ir. ear, east] J Keef(e] O'HART (Celt.) the Ir. 0'/i-^irt= Descendant OKELL (Eng.) i Dweller at the Oak-Corner^ of Art, i.e. a Stone; Noble [v. O'-, and ] OK ILL or Slope [O.E. rfc, oak-iree heal(h, -|-the intervocalic insertion A -)-the genit. J + a corner ; heal (for heald), a slope] oi Art: v. under Arthur^] 2 for Oakhill, q.v. O'HARTIGAN (Celt.) = O'Hart (q.v.) with the double dim. suff. ig-dn. O'KELLY (Celt.) their. aCeallaigh^JiKScm-

DANT of Ceallach : V. Kelly'. O'HAY \ (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Aedha = Descei*!- DANT of Aedh, i.e. Ai^dour [v. = O'HEA i O'-, OKELY Oakl(e)y, q.v. and -f the intervocalic insertion h + the OKEOVER (Eng.) Bel. to Okeover or Oakover genit. of aedh, ardour, fire : cp. Wei. aidd, ardour] (Staffs), A.D. 1004 Acofre = the Oak Cp. Mac Kay. (-tree) Bank (of the R. Dove) [O.E. dc + ofer] O'HEALEY (Celt.) the Ir. O'h-Eilidhe = De- OKES = Oakes, q.v. scendant of Eilidh, i.e. the Hind [v. O'-, and + the intervocalic insertion h + the OKEYl Oakey, q.v. genit. of eilidh, a hind] OKIE J / ' —— '

45 Oldacre Ollerhead

OLDACRE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Old Field OLGER for Alger, Algar, q.v. OLDAKER J [O.E. e)ald, old + acer, a field] (Scand.) the Scand. Olaf = OLIFF ]

OLDAM, V. Oldham. OLLIFF , \ Ancestral Relic [O.N. Oleif-r; OLLIFFEJ f. O.N. di, great-grandfather + q.v. OLDBOROUGH for Oldbury, leif-r, rehc] There has been confusion with Olive OLDBRAY for Oldbupy, q.v. (Lat.), q.v.

OLDBURY (Ehg,) Bel. to Oldbury ; or Dwel;- OLIPHANT] (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname ler at or by the Old Stronghold (Camp, OLIVANT and sign - name from the Fort, Castle) [O.E. e)ald + hurh (dat^ I OLLIVANT J Elephant [M.E. olifant,olifaunt, byrig\ r ollivant, oliphatit, elyphaunt; O.Fr. olifant,

The Wore. Oldbury occurs in a charter elefant; I^at. elepha(tijs, -antis ; GT.i\i

' on Ealdanbyri. That ypotame a wonder beest is, More than an olifaunt, 1-wis. OLDCASTLE (Eng. -f Lat.) Bel. to Oldcastle; or Dweller at the Old Stronghold King Alex., 5184-5. (or Fortified Camp) [O.E. e)ald + castel, Formaystow [mayest thou] surmounten Lat. casteli-uni] thise olifauntes in gretnesse or weighte of Chaucer, The remains of the old stronghold at body?— Boecg, 782. Oldcastle in Cheshire (A.D. 1357-8, With antelop or oliphatit.— OldecasteT) were demolished about 1580. Colkelbie Sow, 448. Oldcastle in Monmouth 'was once the OLIVE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) bLiVE [Fr. olive^ Lat. residence of Sir John Oldcastle ; the re- \ mains ot the castle are slight' [Nat Gas.). OLLIVE J oliva, the olive] OLDERSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Alder- (Sca:nd.) for OKOiff, q.v. Wood [M.E. alder, alter, O.E. aler, alder- OLIVER the French Olivier, O.Fr. also tree+M.E. 'shaw(e, O.E. sc(e)aga, r wood] \ [normally Fr. olivier, olive OLLIVER J Oliver i OLDHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Old En- (-tree: hai. olivari-us, ' 01 oVixes' ; I. oliva,

closure or Field [O.E. e)ald + hamm} the olive ; but almost certainly Scand. 2 the Old Holm (Riparian Land) nomenclature has had its influence on the Oliver if not the [Dial. E. river-island, 'flat land near great vogue of — common , holm, O.N. Oieif-r itself (Dan.-Norw. Olaf) (v. \ water '; O.E. Mm] OI(l)ifl'),at any rate the O.N. Oelver (Dan.- Oldham, Lanes, early 13th ceiit. Aid- Norw: Olver) (cp. O.N. olvcerr, kind, affect holm', 14th cent. Oldom, has three rivers, tionate) ; while the somewhat rare Norw. the Medlock, Irk, and Irwell. Olitier is considered by StOylen (' Norske Debenavne,' p. 68) to be f. Ole Iver, Ole OLDIS 1 OLDYS V. Aldis, Aldhous^. being a pet form of OZa/ or Oto] The form in the ' Chanson de Roland There is, however, a Scand. fem. (Oxf. MS.) is invariably Oliver— pers. name Aldis, for Alfdis'= ' Elf-Maid' Li empereres [i.e. Charlemagne] est en [O.N. dlf-r, elf + disi maid, goddess] un grant verger, OLDREY (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. Ensembl' od Tavec] lui RoUanz et ' pers. name Ealdric = Old Ruler [O.E. Oliver.— , e)ald, old -f rlc-, ruler] La Chanson de Roland, 103-4. OLDRID for Aldped, q.v. But the I2th-cent. German adaptation usually has Olivier— OLDRIDGE for Aldridge, Aldcioh, q.v. Th6 sprah thfer helet Olivier (Then spake the hero Otoer). (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Old OLDROYD Ruoldndes Liet, 6005. Clearing [M.E. old, aid, O.E. e)ald, old I (q.v.) -(-the Fr. dim. suff. + Dial.E. royd, a clearing : v. Royd] OLIVET = Olive -et. O'LEARY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Laoghaire = De- 2 Bel. to Olivet (France) = the, Olive- scendant of Laoghaire [v. O-', and Grove [Lat. Leary] oiivet-itm']

O'LEHANE (Celt.) the Ir. O'Liathain {th as h) OLLERHAD "1 (Teut.) Dweller at the Alder- = Descendant of Liathan, i.e. the Grey OLLERHEAD J Head [O.E. alor = O.N. olr, alder-tree [v. O'-, and -f- liatk, grey -|r the genit. of + O.E. hedfod = O.N. hofu'S, the dim. suff. -dti] head, high ground] —

50 Oller(e)nshaw Onions

OLLER(E)NSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the O'M ALLEY (Celt.) the Ir. aMaille = Descend Alder-Wood [Olleren is an adj. form of DANT OF Mall, i.e. the Slow, Tarjjy. oiler (v, under Ollerhead) + M.E. shaiii>{e, a Scottish prob. O.E. sc(e)aga,'aL wood] OMAN, surname, represents (with dropped -d, as in Scot, roun' for OLLERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ollerton, a torm of round, pun' for p(o)und ; etc.) the Scand.

Allerton, q.v. Otnund, ' Aanpund\e,' (i) O.N. AmUn4ip Amund-r [f.' O.N. di, great-grafidfather + dim. of (a) 01(l)ive (q-v.), OLLETT, a double mund, hand, protector] (2) O.N. Agmund-r (6) Oliver (q.v.) [Fr. dim. sXiff. -et] {CEgmund-r) [f. agi (ceg-), awe, terror 4- mundj OLLEY I a double dim. of {a) OI(l)ive (q.v.), Rygh, in his work on ancient (6) Oliver (q.v.) [E. dim^suff. -e)yi pers.' names in Norwegian place-names ('Gamie 2 Bel. to (a) 0116 (Eure-et-Loire), A.D. Personnavne i Norske Stedsnavne , 1901), IS57 Olley, 1466 Oleyum, 1224 Orleium. notes, s.n. Amundi, a stead-name Ommund- Ouilly' (Calvados). Ouilly would (6) ' rud ; and BiSrkmann, Nordische Per- normally giv6 an Anglicized Oyley (as in sonennamen in England' (1910), remarks/ Doyley, q.v.) ; but the name without the s.n. Amund, that the name is, not always preposition seems to have merged into definitely to be separated from Hamund. Olley.

Ouilly-du-Houlley in 1215 was Olleyum, O'MARA 1 (Celt.) the Ir. O'Meara = De- 1 198 only, 1 1 80 Oilleiai Oilteya; Ouilly-la- O'MEARAJ scendant of Mear, i.e. the Ribaude in the i6th cent, was Ouilleia, Merry. 1214 Oilleiala; Ouilly-le-Basset in 1277 OMBLER, a form of Ambler, q.v. was Oilleium; Ouilly-le-Tesson in 1371 was Ouilly, Oillie (Wace, 'Rom.de 11S5 O'MELLY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Meallaigh = De- Rou'), 1106 Oillei; Ouilly-le-Vicomte in scendant OF Meallach, i.e. the Good, 1279 occurs as Oilleium [app. f. a pers.' Pleasant. name 0(i)llius] Henry de Oily. Testa de Nevill. OMMANNEY doubtless = Oman (q.v-) + the E. dim. suff. -e)y; but the possibility OLLIER is a form of the Bret. Olier, for the of the suflf. being local (M.E. ey,iO.E.i{e)g, Fr. Olivier: v. Oliver. = O.N. ey, island, waterside; or even for M.E. Hey,hay, O.'E. htEgr, hagi, Ernault, in his ' Diet. Bret.-Franf. du haga=O.N. a meatiow) cannot be excluded. dial, de Vaunes', gives the form Oleir. OLLIFF 0'IVIULCONRY(Celt.) the Ir. 0'Maol-C(h)onaire OLLIFFE V. Oliff. = Descendant of the Disciple of CoNAiR,E [v. O'-, and + maol, servant, -|- OLLIS, OLLEys (Son): V. Olley'. disciple conaire : con(n, wisdom, sense the pers. OLLIVANT, V. Ollphant. + suff. -aire] The Anglicized Conroy is from this OLLIVER, V. Oliver. name as well as from the Ir. MacConrapi and O'Conraoi. OLNEY(Eng.) Bel. to Olney(Bucks), I3th-i4th- cent. A.-Sax. Olfaneg = Olla's O'NEAL Olneye, (Celt.) Descendant of Niall: Island or Waterside Wllan-, genit. of O'NEIL V. Neil(l [Ir. Ua Neitt, aNeill] Olla + O.Merc. 4?, O.E. fe island, etc.] O'NEILL

O'LOGHLIN ] ONELY] (Eng.) Bel. to Onely, Northants: O'LOUGHLAN U. under Loughlin, Laoh- ONLEY I i6th cent. 0«fey, Onelie; Onneley, O'LOUGHLIN J lan(n. ONLY J Staffs: Domesday .^«efe^e = i the Single Lea [M.E. on, one, ane, an, O.E. OLSEN (Scand.) Ole's or Olaf's Soi« : v, the dn, one, single, unique-^M.E. 2^, lie, O.E. Appendix of Foreign Names. 'ledh, lea] OLVER, V. Under Oliver, noting the Dan.- 2 On(n)a's, or .S:n(n)a's, Lea. Norw. Olver. ONION (Celt.) for Enion, q.v. app. = OU, for Oliver (q.v.) the OLYETT + (Eng.) occ. conf. with Unwin, q.v. the Fr. dita. suff. -et.

ONIONS I Onion's (Son) : v. O'MAHONEY"! (Celt.) the Ir. O'Mathghamhna Onion. O'MAHONY J = Descendant of MAThgh- 2 a nickname for an Onion-Seller [Fr. AMHUIN, i-e. the Bear. oignott, Lat. unto, -onis, onion] — —

51 Onslow Orger

a Point or Head- ONSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Onslow (Salop), the ORD ) (Eng.) I Dweller at

[O.E. ord, a point ; spear] Domesday Ondeslow [the second element 0RD£ I LAND

(burial) hfll : the , is O.E. hlAw, a mound, Ord, Northumb., was Orde in the 13th pers. name (in the genit.) may represent cent. an A.-Sax. And(e (cp. O.E. anda, zeal, called an anger] 'In Suffolk a promontory is orrf.'—Halliwell, p. 590. ' Roger de Ondeslowe, Lord of Ondes- lowe in the liberty of Shrewsbury, 1231.' 2 the common A.-Saxon name-stem Burkes Peerage. Ord- [same etyipdlogy : O.E. ord also meant 'chief,' 'prince'] ONTHANK for Unthank, q.v. (Celt.) Dweller at a Conical Hill ONWHYN (13th cent. Onwinne) for Unwin, q.v. [Gael, ord]

OPENSHAW (Eng.) Bel. to, Openshaw (Lanes), ORDISH (Eng.) Bel. to (High) Ordish, nr. A.D. 1282 Opinschawe, Opynsawe,' A.D. Matlock [the second element seems to be 1322 Openshagh = the Open (app. Unen- the O.E. edisc, a park, pasture: early forms - 'closed) Wood [M.E. open,opyn, etc., O.E. are necessary to decide whether the first open (= O.N. opinn) + M.E. scjume, etc., elerrient is O.E. dra, a bank, or the A.-Sax. O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood, copse] pers. name Ord{a] frequent in Derby- O'PHELAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Faelain = De- 'The name is pretty scendant OF Faelan, i.e. the Little shire, especially between Derby and Ordish, F.S.A. Wolf [v. O'-, and + the genit. of Ir, Burton-on-Trent.'—T. F. faelan = fael, faol, a wolf + the dim. suff., ORDWAY (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Ordwig=Sl'EA.R- -rf«] War or -Warrior [O.E. ord,spezi + f. pers. name OPIE r may be the A.-Sax. w(g, war ; ivlga, warrior] OPP(E)YT Oppa with the E, dim. suff. -ie,-e)y; Ordwi is fairly common in, Domesday the name seems to be Confined to but Book, Cornwall, where (ace. to Lower) it occurs in the 15th cent, as Opye, and, later, Oppie, O'REILLY! ( Celt. ) ^^'^ ^^- O'Raghallaigh,

O'RILEY 1 O'Raighilligh = Descendant of O'QUIN V(Celt.) the Ir. O'Cidnn = De- Raghallach or Roghallach, i.e. O'QUINN scENDANT OF CoNN, i.e. theWise J Valiant, Warlike [v. O'-, and + the [v. O'-, and the genit. (cuinn) oi, conn, + , genit. of raghallach = rdghalacK] wise]

O'RAFFERTYl (Celt.) i the Ir. O'Raithbheart- ORFEUR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Goldsmith [M.E. O.Fr.

(mod. Fr. ; Lat. O'RAVERTY \ aigh (fh mute, bh as v) = De- orfeure, otfevre orfhxre) scendant OF RAITHBEARTACH.i.e., PROS- aur-um, gold + faber, smith] PEROUS, Rich [v. p'-, and + raith, Peter le Oiieure.^Hund. Rolls-

prosperity, profit ; bHeartaigh, genit. of leartacji, rich] ORFORD (Eng.)Bel.toOrford=i the Cattle- 2 the Ir, O'Rabhartaigh = Descendant Ford [O.E. or/', cattle -|- /«-rf] OF or Robhartac&, i.e. the Rabhartach (occ.) 2 the Upper Ford [O.E. cfer, upper Red [v. O'-, and robhar, red ; -taigh, -f- + ford] genit. of the plen. suff, -tach] Orford iri Suffolk (13th cent. Oreford) however, 'Ford over the R. Ore.' ORAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Enclosure on is, the OREM J the River-Bank [O.E. dra, a bank, (Celt.) Ir. = the shore + ham(m, a piece of land, enclosure] ORGAN the Odhrgan PalE [Ir. orfAar (i/A mute), pale, sallow 4- the Ovyram, Yorks, is in Domesday Oure double dim. suff. -gdn (dg-dn] Book. An Orham occurs in a loth-cent. Berkshire charter. Cp. Hopgan. (A.-Fr.) app. meton. for OpganePi q.v. ORAN (Celt.) the Ir. Odhran = Of Pale Complexion [Ir. odhar (dh mute), pale, ORGANER (A.-Fr.) Organ-Maker; OrgAn- sallow + the dirn, suff. -dh] Player [M.E. organer^organ (Fi, organe; St. Patrick's charioteer was St. Odhran. ' Lat. organ-um, Gr. ipyav-ov — whence O.E.organori—an instrument) -|-the agent. ORCHARD (Eng.) Dweller at a Fruit-Garden suff. -er] [O.E. ortgeard] Peter leOrganer. Pari. Writs.

ORCHARDSON ( Eng. ) prob: represents ORGAR "I (Eng.) the A-Sax.Ordgar [O.E. ord, 'Orchardward s Son'lO.Eiorigeard-V>{e)ard, ORGERJ aspear; front, van; prince -i- gdr,

a gardener ; sunu, son] . a spear] — —

52 Oriel Orret

The most famous bearer of this, fairly ORMOND 1 (Celt.) One from Ormond (Ire- common A.-Sax. name was the Devon- ORMONDEj land), the Ir. Oir-mumhan (mh shire Ealdormati whose daughter JE[i\>T^}f mule) = East Mumhan (Mun.ster)' [Ir. King Eadgdr married, as recorded in the oir, east] Chronicle A.D. 965^ The -d in Ormond is excrescent. ...he6 [she] Waes Ordgares dohtor ealdor-

mannes. ORMSBEE 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Ormsby = Orm's The Domesday torms are Ordgar and ORMSBY J Earm or Estate [v. Onm ; and Orgar. + b.N. 6ji-r] The i3th-cent. spelling of the various (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the ORIEL \ Orrasbys (Lines, Norf., etc.) was usually i.e. tlie Golden Thrush ORIOL J Oriole, Ormesby. [O.Fr. oriol; Lat. aureol-us, golden, splen- did] ORMSHAW (Scand. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Ormshaw cante dous et bas. L' oriol = Orm's Wood [v. Orm ; and -f M.E. Larchey, quot. p. 350. shaw, O.E. sc{e)aga = O.N. sk6g-r, a wood]

ORLEBAR"! app. corrupt forms of Orlingbury, We find Ormeshaw as a Lane, surname ORLEBERJq.v. The surname occurs in the in the i6-i7th cent. neighbourhood of Orlingbury. ORMSHIRE for Ormshaw, q.v. ORLINGBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Orlingbury (Northants),i3th cent. Orlin^ir, doubtless ORMSTON, V. Ormiston. for an A.-Sax. Arlinglurh = Arling's Stronghold [the pers. name (found in ORNSBY is more likely to be for Hornsby Domesday Book as Arling-us) is f. O.E. (q.v.) than for Ormsby^ dr, honour, dignity, benefice, prosperity, (Celt.) the Ir. = De- |- O'RORKE \ O'Ruairc . etc. ; with the double dim. suff. -l-ing— O'ROURKEJ scendant of Ruarc, i.e. the burh (dat. byrig), a fortified place] Little Chum [v. O-', and -F the genit. of little] (fig.) Ruarc — ru, dear friend ; ate, ORM "I (Scand.) Serpent; Ship (from ORMEj, the serpent-figurehead) [O.N.orm-r] ORPED (Eng.) Bold, Valia'nt, Stout [M.E. Orm was a favourite Scand. name (often orped(e, bold, etc. j O.E. orped, grown up,

appearing in England as Urm) ; and it is active] common in Domesday Book. Walter le Orpede.—ffMBrf. Rolls. Robert fiz Orme. La,nc. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284. OR PEN 1 I said to be French and to represent ORPIN Jan earlier Erpen [perh, f. the ORMANDY, surmised by Bardsley (prob. cor- Cont. Teut. cognate of O.E. eixrp, eorp,

rectly), from local knowledge, to be a ' dark ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -w]

, corrupt form of Osmunderlaw, an early 2 descendants of the A.-Sax. Eorpwine form of Osmotherley, a N. Lanes place- = Swarthy Friend [O.E. eorp, dark, name : V. Osmotherley. swarthy -(- •jaine, friend] ORMEROD] rScand.) Bel. to Ormerod (Celt.) Pale, Sallow [Gael, and Ir. ORMROD (Lanes), early-i4th-cent. Orme- ORR odhar (dh mute] ORMROYdJ rode = Orm's Clearing [v. Poss. there has been some confusion Opnrj ; and + O.N. ru'S, a clearing in a wood] with Oar(e. Orme's (Son): v. Orme. ORMES, ORRELL ) (Eng.) Bel. to Orrell (Lanes'), 13th

ORRILL \ cent. Orhul, Horhul, Orul, Orhil, Orhill,etc.\The second element is the M.E. 8RMfs^H"E^R''}f°^0'""«»'^«'1-- hil, hul, etc., O.E. hyll, a hill : and if the identifications of the Domesday Otegrimele

Orm(e)'s Son : v. ORmIon'^ } Opm(e. and Oiringemele with the Wigan and Sefton Orrell respectively are correct Or- may be the attenuated representative of ORMISTON (Scand.) Bel. to Ormiston = the Scand. pers. names O'Sgrim or AvIS- Orm's Homestead [v. Orm; and + grim and Ottaring {-ing, 'son' suff.); O.N. tiin\ although Otringemele implies as second The Haddington place-name Ormiston element the O.N. meW, 'a stretch of sand'] was so spelt in the 13th cent. The Lane. Urmston occurs as Ormiston and Ormeston ORRET (Eng.) Warrior, Champion [O.E. in the 13th cent. dretta, oreta] — —

53 Orrock Osmer

app. for (Scand.) Bel. to Osgathorpe ORROCK, Hoppook, q.v. OSQATHORP \ OSGATHORPEHLeic.) = Osgod's (As- (Eng.) Bel. to Ortoti = i the Shore ORTON gaut's) Farm [v. under Osgood, and + or Bank Farmstead or Estate [O.E. O.N. ]>orp] ira, also dfer, shore, bank + tun] OSGERBY (Scand:) i Dweller at Osgar's 2 the Upper Farmstead, etc. [O.E. (Asgeir's) Farmstead or Estate [the ofer + iuti] pers. name is compounded of O.N. ds-, 3 Orda's Estate [Orda, i. O.E. ord, a divine, and geir^r, spear h Jji-r] spear] 2 for Osgodby, q.v.

1: Orton, or Oreton, Staffs, was the OSGODBY (Scand.) Bel.to Osgodby = Osgot's 'Domesday Overtune, and in the 13th (Asgaut's) Farmstead or , Estate [v. century was Overton and Orton. The under Osgood, and -f- O.N. b^-r] Cumberland Orton was Orreton c. 1300. The Yorks and Lines Osgodbys were O'RYAN (Celt^ the Ir. 0'J?mj'«= Descendant MsaaWy Osgot{e)by in the 13th, cent. OF Rian, I.e. the Kinglet [v. O'-, and + OSGOOD (A.-Scand.). The O.N. ^5^a«; = n, a king, prince + the genit. of the dim. Divine Gaut [O.N. ds-, divine {dss, a god) suff. -dn\ -1^ the national name (S. Sweden) Gaut-r] was Anglicized a OSBALD (Eng.) God-Bold [O.E. ds, a god + Osgot, Osgod [O.E. 6s, l{e)ald, bold] god] See the reference to Osgod Clapa under (Eng.) Bel. to Osbaldeston' OSBALDESTON CI app. OSBALDISTON I (Lanes) = Osbald's O'SHAUGHNESSY (Celt.) the Ir. O'Seachnas- OSBALDSTON J Estate or Manor [v. Osbald, genit. Osbaldes + O.E. tun] aigh = Descendant of Seachnasach [app. lit. Ir. a turn ; customary; Thomas de Osbaldeston. seach, nasach, but Dr. Joyce thinks that the name shotild Lacy Inq. P.M., A.p. 131 1. be divided thus : Seach-n^as-ach—seach-n, second-|- abstract termination-!- the 0|B|«N^}v.0sb0Pn(e. -as, common plen. suff.-acA]

OSBERT(Eng.) God-Bright [A.-Sax. Osberht, O'SHEA] (Celt.) the Ir. O'Seaghdha = De- Osbriht—ds, a god -|- be(p)rht, briht, bright, O'SHEE J SCENDANT OF Seaghdha, i.e., glorious, noble] Stately, Majestic [Ir. seaghdha] Osbriht, a king of Northuiribria, was OSKELL (Scand. Askell), a contr. ot Oskettle, killed at York, A.D. 867, in a conflict with q.v. the Danes. OSKETTLE (A.-Scand.) The O.N. Asketil(l Osbert is the Domesday form. [O.N. ds-, divine (dss, a god) -|- ketill, a (sacrificial) cauldron] was Anglicized OSBORN \ (A.-Scand.) The^OM. Asbiorn OSBORNE = Divine Bear [O.N. ds-, Oscytel [O.E.. 6s, 'a god -|- -cytel, cetel, a < kettle, cauldron] OSBOURN • divine [dss, a god) + biorn, a OSBOURNE bear] was Anglicized Osbeorn, A Danish king Asketil is referred to as in the A.-Sax. Chronicle OSBURNE 7 Osbern, Osborn [OX rfj,,^ god Oscytel A.D. 875. + be{o)rn, a warrior] The Domesday form is usually Oschetel Two famous Osberns were killed in the {ch as k), same battle A.D, 1054 Osbern Pentecost, OSKIN, a dim. of one of the Os- pers. names

the Norman, fighting for Macbeth ; and -I- the E. dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-ln]\ Osbern, the son of Earl Siward, with his ' Osekin.—if«Mi. Rolls. father at the head of the ultimately victor-

ious Northumbrians. OSKINS, Oskin's (Son) : v. Oskin.

Osbern is common in Domesday Book. OSLER for Ostler, q.v.

OSCROFT (Teut.) Dweller at i the Ox-Croft OSMAN "1 (Teut.) i for Ostman (East Man), -|- to [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna, an ox croft, a OSMON J the name given a Danish settler small field] in Ireland [Dan.-Norw. ost, east] Stephen de Ox.ecroit.-^Hund. Rolls. 2 for Osmund, q.v. 2 the East Croft [ost, a N. and East, OSMAN D for Osmund, q.v. dial, form (cp. Dan.-Norw. ost) of E. eait, O.E. east + croft] OSMAR"! (Eng.) God-Glorious [the A.-Sax. 3 OuTH's (AutS(r)'s) Croft [O.N. am-r, OSMER J Osmcer—ds, a god -f- mcfere, glorious,

, famous] . wealth]

• Adam de Outhescr'oft (Oscroft).— Ojfffi^r was the name of the English Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Acets., A.I>. 1303-4. soldier whose head, when he was killed — ;

54 Osment Oughton

by Eadricat the battle of Sceorstan (A.D,. OSWIN (Ene. and Scand.) God-Friend [O-E. 1016), was boastingly paraded as that of 6s = O.N. dss, a god -1- O.E. wine = O.N. King Eadmund, whom Osmaer was said uin-r, friend] to closely resemble. Oswine was a 7th-cent. king of Deira

and the name occurs in ' WidsItS ' (1. OSMENT for Osmund, q.v. 53) as the ruler of the Eowas Oswine vve6ld Eowum. OSMOND l(Eng. and Scand.) Divine Pro- [A.-Sax. ds, a OSMUND J TECTOR Osmund— OTFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Otford (Kent), the god + mund, hand, protector: O.N. A.-Sax. Ottanford =Otta'sFord [Ottan-,

' (lisj, a god) mund] Asmund—ds, divine + genit. of Otta + ford] Osmund was the name of an eighth- OTLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Otley (Yorks: dentiiry king of the South Saxons ; and Domesday Othelai:, Suff.: 13th this form is common in Domesday Book. OTTLEY J I cent. Otteley?) — Otta's Lea [M.E. ley{e, OSMOTHERLEY (Scand. + Eng.) i Bel. to O.E. ledh, lea] Osmotherley (Lanes), 13th cent. Osmund- O'TOOLE (Celt.) the lij. O'Tuathail (th as h)= erlawe = Osmund's or Asmund's Descendant of Tuathal, i.e. the Left- Tumulus or HilIock [v. under Osmond; handed [v. O'-, and -1- the genit. of Ir. O.N. genit. form Asmundar + O.E. A/c6w, lefthanded, awkward] a (burial) mound] tuathal, 2 Bel. to Osraoth'erley (Yorks), 13th OTTAWAY for Otway, q.v. cent. Osmunderley, Domesday Asmundrelac =OsMUND's or Asmund's Lea [V. under OTTER (A.-Scand.). The 6.N. Ottarir for 0«Aar= Terrible Army [Q.N. 6tti, terror, I and + M.E. Uy, OX. Udh\ dread + -har, her-r, army] was Anglicized ('A.-Sax. Chron.', A.D. OSTLE (Scand.) a contr. of Oskettle, q.v. Ohter 911, 918), Ohthere ('Beawulf,' 5857, etc.).

OSTLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) orig. Innkeeper, which The modern Scand. forms are Ottar, is -the present meaning of the Fr. hotelier Aattar, Otter, etc. StSylen ('Norske [M.E. ostiler, hostiler; O.Fr. hostelier, f. DObenavne,' p. 70) says that this name hostel (mod. Fr. hdtet), L.Lat. hospitaW] is often confused with the German Otto.

(Teut.) I the O.Ger. O'SULLIVAN (Celt.) the Ir. O'Suileabhain = Other = Prosper- Descendant of SuiLEAB(H)AN, i.e. Light ous Army [O.H.Ger. 6t, prosperity -1- heri, army] or White Eye [v. O'-, and + sMl, an eye + a phon. insertion + the genit. of hdn, 2 a nickname from the Otter [M.E. light, white] oter(e, O.E. oter, ottor = O.N. otr = Ger. ' and Dut. otter] OSWALD (Eng. and Scand.) Divine Power Walter [O.E. 6s = O.N. dss ids-, divine), a god+ Otet.—Hund. Rolls. O.E. w{e)ald = O.N. waW, power, might] OTTEWELL ] (Teut.) the M.E. Otewel, Otuel; historical bearer of The most famous OTTIWELL \ 'A..Sax. Chron.' A.D. 1I20, christian this name was the Northumbrian OTTWELL J Otorf [the first element is app. king Oswald who fell A.D. 642 in a battle O.N. 6tti= O.E. 6ht, fear, dread: the second with Penda, king of the Mercians. This / is rather O.N. a//, device, instrument, battle is traditionally reputed to have machine,- than Scaud. uel = O.E. weld,

' taken place at or near Oswestry, formerly I weal] dswaldestre, i.e. Oswald's pross, which OTTO (Teut.) Prosperity, Wealth [Teut. , the Welsh called by their , equivalent Croes Pswallt. The locality does not, Otto (Otte),0tho,0do, t.O.H.Ger. o/ = O.Sax. however, seem to be a likely one for a 6d = O.N. au'S-'r (occ. conf. with odd-r, conflict between Northumbrian and Mer- a spear) = O.E. edd, prosperity, wealth, etc.; sometimes intended dim. cian troops. An earlier ' Oswald's Cross,' as a that eredted by the saint-king near Hex- of an Ot-, Od-, etc., name] ham, before his victorious encounter with Ich wolt hern Otten milte nach der the British King Caedwalla (?s related by lenge mezzen.—Walther von der Vogel- Bseda, 'Hist. Eccl.'i iii. 2), "decided the weide, ' Otto und Friedrich,' i.

fate of Britain for ever." ' OTTWAY (Teut.) for the Teut. Otwig = The modern DanoyNorwegian forms are 1 OTWAY J Prosperous War [O.H.Ger. dt, Aasvald, Osvdld. = O.Sax. 6d, prosperity, wealth -|- Tvlg, OSWELL war] jfor Oswald, q.v. OSWILL OUGHTON for Aughton, q.v. —

55 Oughtred Owen

OUGHTRED (Eng.) the common A.-Sax.Uhtred OVERALL (Eng.)Bel.toOverhall; or Dweller = Spritk-Counsel [O.E. Mt = wiht, a at I the Bank-Hall [O.E. tifer, a bank, sprite, creature + reed, counsel, advice] , shore -f halT\ Uctred is tlie usual Domesday form. 2 the Bank or Shore Corner [O.E. See Ughtred. h{e)al{K\ or Slope [O.E. h{e)al{d = O.N. OULD (Eng.) Old [O.E. e)dtd] hall-r\ There are at least three places Overhall bULDS, OuLD's (Son): v. • Ould. or Over Hall in Essex.

OULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Oulton = the Old OVERBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Overbury ; or Farmstead or Hamlet [O.E. e)ald + tiin] Dweller at i the (River-) Bank or Shore Oulton, Staffs, was Oldeton in the 13th Stronghold [O.E. 6fer, a bank, shore, edge -I- burh (dat. byrig), a fortified place]. Cent. ; Oulton, Chesh., was Olton in the

14th cent. ; Oulton, Suff., is also known 2 the Upper, or Higher, Stronghold as Oldton. [O.E. ofer,^ upper; ufera (cpv.), higher, OUSBY (Scand.),Bel. to Ousby (Cumh.), anc. upper] Ulfsiy = Ulf's Estate [the genit. of The Wore. Overbury was Uferdbyrig O.N. iilf-r, wolf + by-r, estate, farm] (dat. case) A.D. 875.

(Eng.) Dwellpr at i the Upper, OUSTON. Bel. to Ouston. The Northern OVEREND or Higher, Oustons prob. (but not. certainly) have End [O.E. ofer + ende] the same origin for their first element as 2 the Bank- or Shore-End [O.E. dfer

Ousby (q.v.) ; but . the Leicester + ende] Ouston was anc. Osulweston = Osulf's OVERS, genit., or pi., of Over, q.v. or Oswulf's Estate [the genit. of Osulf, 0«i)«(/'—O.E.(fa = O.N. flss (in compds. ^-), OVERTON (Engp Bel. to Overton = i the a god + O.E. vjulf = O.N. Alf-r, wolf— Upper, or Higher, Farm or Hamlet + tAii] [O.E. ofer + tAn] OUTERBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Oaghterbridge 2 the Bank or Shore Farm or Hamlet or Oughtibridge (W., Yotks) [the first [O.E. 6fer + tun] element is doubtless the pers. name seen in the Cumberland place-nam^Oughterby, OVERY (Eng.) Bel. to Overy ; or Dweller at viz. the Anglicized form, Ohthere, of the I the Upper, or Higher, Hay or En- O.N. OftAar: V. Otter (A.-Scand.). (The closure [O.E. ofer + hag-, haga] Irish place-name component Oughter- is 2 the Bank or Shore Hay or En- the Ir. uachdar, upper] closure {O.'E.ifer + hceg-, haga] OUTRAM (Teiit.) Prosperous Raven Robert Overhe. Hund. Rolls. [O.H.Ger. 6t = O.N. auS-r, prosperity + (Fr.) for O.H.Ger. h)ram = O.N. hramn, a raven] Ouvpy, q.v. OVINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ovingtori = the OUTRED for Oughtred, q.v. Estate of the Ofa or Ufa Family [A.-Sax. *0f- *Ufinga-tun • inga, genit. OUTTRIM for Outram, q.v. pi. of the fil. sufF.-!»^-|-;a'«, estate, manor,. OUVRY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Ouwe, Ouway, etc.] The Hampshire Ovington occurs in forms of Auvray or Aubray: v. Aubreys a loth-cent. Latin charter as (Fr.-Lat.) Ufinctun. The Welsh and Irish Anglicized OVEN (Celt.) Dweller at the Caves [Gael. OWEN. Owen, O.Wel. Owein = Ir. Eoghan (O.Ir. uamhan (nth as v) = Ir. tiamhanna ; uamh, = Gael. are a Cave] Eogan) Edghann prob. from Lat. Eiigenius, Gr. Bfryei/^s = WELL-BciRN OVENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ovenden (Yorks), [Gr. eS-, noble -f- 7^yos, race, descent] 14th cent. Ovenden [the second element is Cormac's Glossary gives this, origin for the O.E. denu, a valley: it is uncertain £o^a« (one MS. Eo^en) ; and Zimmer con- whether the first eleinent is O.E. ofen, a siders Owen to be borrowed from 'Lat. furnace, or the genit.. of the Ofan-, A.-Sax. Eugenius, as noted by MacBain, p. 400. pers. name O/iz (/as v\ The mediaeval Latinizatipn of Owen as OVENS = Oven (q.v.) with the Eng. genit., Oenus led to a belief that the etymology or pi,, -s affix. was the Wei. and Bret, oen, ' a lamb.' With much stronger reason it was at one OVER (Eng.) Bel. to Over ; or Dweller at a time considered that the namerepresen ted River-Bank or a [O.E. Shore ofer] Ir. eoghutin — Gael, ogan- [f. O.Ir. oc = John de Ovexc-^Hund. Rolls. Wei. og, young], 'youth.' — ' — —— —

56 Owens Packer

Owein brenhin y Picteit Chronicle A-D. qio— 't6 Oxnaforda') = (Owen, king of the Picts). the Ford of the Oxen [O.E. oxna, genit. Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 736. pi. ot oxa, an ox -1- ford]

Maredud uab Owein ' Sire Clerk of Oxenford,' oure hoste (Meredith son of Owen) sayde. Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 986. Chaucer, The Clerkes Tale of Oxenford, i.

Owein uab Uryen . —'larlles ffynnawn y OXEN HAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Ox-Pasture (Lady of the Fountain); MMnogion. [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, genit. pi. oxna+ham{my ' Efighan, dim. ESghainin = Owen, Eugene."— T. Ua Concheanainn, OXLADE (Eng.) Dweller at i the Oak-Slade valley] Mion - Chomhrddh, p. 126. [O.E. dc + slced, a Cp. Ewan. 2 the Ox Way or (Water)course [O.E. oxa, an ox, genit. pi. oxna + Idd, a OWENS, Owen's (Son) : v. Owen. way, etc.]

In Irish, this name is O'h-Eoghain. Michael de Ocslade. Hund. Rolls. OWLE (Eng.) a nickname, or sign-name, from OXLEE "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Ox-Lea the Owl [O.E. rife] OXLEY J [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna + ledh]

OWLER (Scand.) Dweller by an Alder [O.N. OXNARD (Eng.) Oxen-Herd [O.E. oxa, pi- olr = O.E. alor] oxan + hierde, a herd] Oxinhird. OWLES, Owle's (Son) : v. Owle. Johannes Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. OWSTON, V. Ouston. OXSPRINGT (Eng.) Bel. to Oxspring (Yorks: Ouston, Leic, is also known as Owston. OXPRING I 13th and 14th cent. Oxpring); or Dweller at the Ox-Spring [O.E. oxa, OWTRAM j^.outram. OWTTRIM pi. oxan + spryng, a source of water]

OXBERRY (Eng,) Dweller at thfe Ox- OXTED (Eng.) Bel. to Oxted ; oi' Dweller at OXBORROW Hill [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, the Ox-Stead [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan + stede, OXENBERRY genit. pi. oxna+ be{o)r'g, a hill] a place] OXENDEN(Eng.)Bel.toOxen'don(Northants: OXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Oxton = i the Ox- Enclosure [O.E. oxa, genit. pi. oxna + 1,3th cent. Oxendon) J or Dweller at the enclosure, etc.] Ox-Hill [O.E. oxa, pi. oxan, genit. pi. oxna tun, + O.E. dun, a hiU] 2 Occ's, or Ocg's^ Estate [O.E. tun\ Alexander de Ockeston, OXENFORDl (Eng.) Bel. to Oxford, the Hund. Rolls. . OXFORD J A.-Sax. Oxnaford (as in the OYLER, a var, of Owler, q.v.

PACE (A.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.), a variant of Pa(i)8h. (Eng.) I the A. - S^x. pers. name q.v. Pcec{c)- [either f. an O.Teut. word seen in O.N. pakki (m.) = Dut. = Ger. pack, William Pace.—r^to de Nevill. pak a pack; or O.E. /"ceca, deceiver: cp. the Easter-eggs are still called pace-eggs place - name Packington] in the North of England. 2 meton. for Packman, q.v.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Pas (France) ; or John fll. Pake.—Hund. Rolls. Dweller at a Pas% or Track [A.-Fr. pace, pas, Lat. pa^s-us\ WiUiam Pakke.— dp.

PACK \ (A,-Fr.) the French Pajwe = j One PACKARD, the French Pac(c)ard (fairly com- PACKE J born during the Passover Festival mon) [v. under Pack(e, and -|- the Fr. or Eastertide [Fr. pdque, O.Fr. pasque, dim. (or intens.) suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard, Lat. pascha, Gr. Trdtcrxa; Heb. pesakh, a hard] passing-over] PACKENHAM, v. Pakenham.

2 a der. f. Teut. : v. under (Eng.) PACKER (Eng.) Packman, Pedlar ; Packer

Paque (without a dim. suif.) is now un- [M.E. packere, etc., f. M.E. packe, a pack : common in France. V. under Paok(e, (Eng.] — — — — '

57 Packham Paisley

William le Packere. PADMAN (Eng.) Dweller by a Path [O.E. Plac. Dom. Cap. Westtn. p(B^, a path + man] 2 = q.v. Mathew le Pakkere.—CAarter Rolls- Pedman, PACKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Packham = P^cca's PADMORE (Eng.) Dweller at the Path-Moor Home or Estate. [A.-Sax. *PcBcca(n-hdm: [O.E. pais + mSr] V. under Pack(e (Eng.), and O.E. hdm\ (Lat.) Heathen [E. pagan; Lat. + PAGAN ] PACKINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Packington = PAGEN /-fl^flM-Mj, (lit.) a rustic] the Estate of the P.

Cp. Pass(e)y. PAG NAM I V. Pagham. 2 V. Pakenham. PADBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Padbury, 13th cent. Padeburi = Pada's Stronghold [O.E. PAG N EL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the O. French Paganel= burh, a fortified place] Pagan (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -el. ' PAICE, V. Pace. PADDEY 1 double dims, of Patrick, q.v. PADDIE PAIGE, V. Page. PADDY 2 descendants of the A.-Sax.. pers. name Pad^dja with the E. dim. PAIL l (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. Pdl- : v. under suff. ey, -ie. .. PAILEJ Paling. occurs in Book. Padda Domesday 2 the A.-Sax. Pcegel [cp. O.E. pcegel, m. (M..E.paile), a liquid-measure, pail] PADDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Paddington = the Estate of the Pad(d)a Family 3 Dweller at a Pale, i.e. ENCLOSLtRE, [A.-Sax. *Pad{d)inga-tun— -ingaf genit. pi. Barrier, BouNDARY[O.E./>a/, pale, stake] of the fil. suff. -ing + tUn, estate, etc.] PAILES, genit., and pi., of Pail(e, q.v. The Middlesex Paddington occurs as PAILLARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Teut.) Profligate, Padingtun in a loth-cent. Latin charter. Wanton ; Beggar [M.E. O.Fr. paillard, i. Lat. palea, chaff, straw -|- the Fr. intens. PADDISON, Paddie's or Paddy's Son: v. suff. -ard, O.Frank, hard, hard: 'Id6e Paddie, Padd(e)y. foncifire : qui couche ou qui se vautre sur PADDON (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the Path- la paille.'—Stappers, p. 200] Hill [O.E. pa:% + dun] PAILTHORP \ (Eng.) Bel. to Pailthorpeor PAILTHORPEJ Palethorpe (said to be the PADFIELD (Eng.) Bel, to Padfield; or Dweller name of a chapelry in Notts) [v. under at the Path-Field [O.E. /keS + feld\ Pail(e and + O.E. \orp, a farm, hamlet] is mentioned in the boundar- A pa'Sfeld =Payn(e,q.v. ies specified in a charter of Coenwulfj PaIneI kingof the Mercians, granting land in Kent of Canterbury to the Archbishop A.D. 814. PANE^^} PAiNE's(Son): v. Paln(e, Payn(e. PADGET \ PAIRPOINT for Pierpont, q.v. PADGETT \ for Paget, q.v. PADGIT J - PAISH = Pash, q.v. PAISLEY. Bel. to Paisley, the i2th-cent..Pas- PADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Padley ; or Dweller at seleth and Paisleth, i6th-cent. Passele [the .1 the Path-Lea [O.E.^ffi« + ledh (M.E. etymology of ley] proposed the second element, 2 Pad(d)a's Lea. Gael, leathad, a slope, hillside, suits the topography of the old town : ' the ancient The Derbyshire Padley was Paddeleye part occupies the slopes and summit of a in the 13th cent. declivity.' Gaz. Scot, ed. Lawson] : , ;

58 Pake Pankhurst

the French Pallat, Palat [v. under PAKE, V. Pack(e. PALLAT "I PALLATT J Palin ; and + the Fr. dim. suff. PAKEMAN I Pake's Man (-Servant), -all

2 V. Packman. PALLET \ the French Pallet, Palet [v. under PALLETT 1 Palin; and -H the Fr. dim., suff. (Eng.) Bel. to Pakenham (Suff/), PAKENHAM -ei\

' the vyill of Bishop in a late version of John Palet.— Theodred (c. Pakenhdm, doubtless 950), Kirby's Quest (Soms.), A.p. 1327. for A,-Sax. Pac{c)an-hdm = P.ffi:c(c)A's Home or Estate [v. undeir Pack(e (EngO PALLIARD = Paillard, q.v.

PAKES, Pake's (Son): v. Pake, Pack(e. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i at a Fenced PALLI S \ DWeller , PALLES J Enclosure [Fr. palis; i. Lat.pal-us, PALETHORPE, v. Pailthorpe. a stake] 2 or a Palace [A.-Fr. PALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Paley (Yorks), 14th cent. Dweller at by Lat. Palay [M:.'E..lay,ley,0.t.ledh,3.\&a.: the pdleis \ palatiu'm\ first element is prob. O.E. pdl, a pole, PALLISER = Paliser, q.v.

' stake; but earlier forms of the name are desirable] PALLISTER = Palister, q.v.

. PALFREY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat., etc.) a nickname PALMER (A.-Lat.) Palm-Bearing Pilgrim PALFRY J from the saddle-horse so called (from Falestipe) {M.E.palmer(e;O.E.palm [M.E. paiefrai, palfrei, O.Fr. palefreiimoA. + the agent, suff. -ere ; Lat. palma, a l..La.t. Fr. palefroi) ; paraveredus, an extra palm-tree] post-horse] Ralph le Palmere.—/f«»rf. Rolls.

PALFREYER = Palfrey (q.v.) -f- the agent, And whan I come to the kirk, suff.-^r. And sholde knele to the roodfe, And preye for the peple .... PALFREYMAN For pilgrymes and ibr palmeres.— PALFREEMAN Palfrey - Keeper , [M,E. Piers Plowman, 2679-83. PALFREMAN palfreymaH, pcilfrey-keeper with ray I hewed a house PALFRIMAN ' V. under Palfrey, and + E. Whpre hands PALFRYMAN maii] Out of a craggy rocke of stone, And lived like a palmerpoore PALG RAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Palgrave (Buff.; • Within that cave iliyself alone.-^ Norf.)=ithe Pole or Stake Grove [O.E. 'The Legend of Sir Guy': Vevcy's Reliques. pdl + grdf] The corresponding French Paulmier The Suffolk place was Palegravein an and Paumier are not .nearly so common iith-cent. will; the Norfolk harnlet was in France as Palmer is in this country in the cent. is Fr. , Palegrave 14th and there now confusion with the paumier, a tennis-court keeper. , PALJN, the French PaKw, app. the Cont.-Teut. cognate of the A.-Sax. name-'stem Pal- (v. PALSER for Paliser, q.v under -)- Paling) the Fr. dim. suff. Hn PAMPHILON [Lat, -in-us\ ratherthan f. O.Fr. pale (mod. PAMPLIN forms of Paplllon, q.v. pale, pallid ' pdle), [Lat. pallid-us] PAMPLING Bel. to Paling PALING (EngO or Palling (Norf.) Ace. to T. Wright ('Prov. Dict.')^a»!/>j'Kob' = (the Estate of the) Pal(a Family occurs in HoUyband's ' Dictionarie,' A.D.

[A.-Sax. Palingas: the pers. name-stem ' 1 593, with the definition : a coat of diiier- is app.O.E;/»rf/(m.) = O.N.^rfH (m.),a kind of ent colours, formerly worn by servants' hoe or spade -)- nngas, pi. of the fil. suff. but I cannot find the word there. -ing;, gehit. pi. -inga, as in the Palinga- of PAN COAST, a well-known American corrupt a Sussex charter of King Eadred,A.D. 953. form of Pankhurst, q.v. ' (Fr.) = Pal in (q.v.) with added -g. PANCRUST for Pankhurst, q.v. PALISER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Palisade- or Fence- PANG BORN 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pangbourn Maker [Fr. paliS, a pale, fence of pales ; PANG BOU RN (Berks), A.D. 843-4 Pteginga- f. pal, a pale, Lat. fal-us, a stake 4- the \ PANG BOURNE J burna = the Br,ook of the ' agent, suff. -w] Pmg{a. Family {-inga, genit, pi. of the PALISTER = Paliser (q.v.), but with thefem. fil. suff. -ing ; burna, a brook] agent, suff. -Jte;^ [O.E. -wfre] PANKHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Pankhurst or = Paillard, q.v. PALLARD Penkhurst ; ace. to Lower, an estate in — —;: — -

59 Pafinell Parfitt

E. Sussex [M.E. hurst, O.K. h^rst, a wood: PAPPIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Frepch Papin =, early forms of the name lacking, nothing I Pape (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -in. definite can said to be as the origin of the 2 the Lat. Papin-us, a dim. f. Papi-us, first element ; but the Sussex word the name of a Roman gens [perh. f. Lat. ' pennock, a small bridge over a water- pappiis, Gr. wditwos, a grandfather] course,' may be mentioned as being phonetically possible] PAPWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Papworth (Camb.), 13th cent. Papworth, Pappeworth = PAN NELL, an assim. form of Pagnel (q.v.) Pap(p)a's Farm or Estate [A.-Sax. *Pap(6)an-wor^ — Pap(p)an-, genit. of In the "Testa de Nevill (13th cent.) the Pap{p)a\ same person is called Panel and Painel ) (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.-Pers.) i Dweller' V. . PARADICE Pain(e, Payn(e. , PARADIS [ at a Paradise,, i.e. an open

PANNETT, the same name as Pannell, PARADISE ) space or court by a monastery Pagnel, with the dim. suff. -el replaced or church.

by -et. 2 a pers. name [Fr. paradis ; Lat. In France Pan{n)et and Panel are about paradis-us, Gr. wapddeur-os, a park, garden, equifrequent. or pleasure-ground — used in the

Septuagint for the Garden of Eden : from PANNIER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) meton. for i Bread- the Zend] basket Maker. The surname Paradis is much commoner in France than Paradise (&c.) is in this 2 Bread-Seller [M.E. pan(n)ier, Fr. country. panier, Lat. panari-um, a bread-basket f.JLat.^a«-w, bread] PARAIVIOR V(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lover, Sweet-

Robert le Pannier.^ PARAMORE [ heart [M.E. O.Fr. par amour,

Close Rolls, A.D. 1275. PARAIVJOUR ) by or for love ; Lat. per amor- em] PANTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pantry - Keeper, 0{ paramours he sette nat a kers. PANTHER Butler [M.E. pan(e)ter, pantere, Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3756. PANTLER A.-Fr. panneter (rr. panetier), L.Lat. pdn^tdri-us; 'LX.a.V paneta, bread- PARDEW] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Par maker Lat. = a ; pan-is, bread] PARDEY VDieu ByGod; nickname froin PARDY this oath [Fr. par diejt, Lat. Robert le Panter. Hund. Rolls. J per deum, ace. of deus ; but the classical form The furst yere, my son, thow shalle be of the oath was plural—^er dees'] pantere or buttilare.- John Purilieu.—Rolls of Pari. John Russel, Boke of Nurture, 1. 49. He is a kynges brother sone, For piacience is hus [house] paneter. pardee.— Chaucer, And payn [bread] to povetfe fyndeth. Cant. Tales, A 3084.

P/eraP/ottimflB (ed. Skeat), xvii. 151. "1 PARDOE for the Cont. Pardo: 1 f. the PARDOWJ O.Teut. name-stem Pardr for, PANTIN, the French Panetin = Pdnet (v. Bard- [v. under Bardrick], treq. a dim.'of under Pannett) -1- the dirti. suff. -in. a name vvith Pard- (Bard-) for its first In French a is moden pantin a dancing element (such as Bardwulf); e.g. the Jack, puppet. French saint-name Pardoux appeared in Latin as Pardulfus. ' PANTING = Pantin, with excresceint -g. 2 the Ital., Span., and PoTtMg. pardo (for PANTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Panton leopardo) — Leopard, (Lines), 13th cent. Panton [the first ele- There has poss. been some confusion ment seems to be a pers. name, perh. f. with Pardew, q.v. O.N. pant-r, a pledge + tun, a homestead, estate] PARDON (Fr.) the French Pardon is an accus. PANYER = Pannier, q.v. (and dim.) form oi Pardo: v. Pardee'.

PAPE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pope (a nickname and PARFETT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Perfect, Upright pageant - name) [Fr. pape, Lat. papa, PARFITT J iM.E. parfit, patfpt, O.Fi. parf{e)it whence O.E./iif^ij] P'^'^f"^*)' ^^^- Perfect-us] , rr r S^^' He [the ' Doctour of Phisik] was a Hugh le Pape.—P/flc. Dom. Cap. Westm. v^n-ayparjlt praktisour.— PAPILLON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 422. Butterfly [Fr. papillon, Lat. papilio, For lob the parfit patriarke repreoueth onis] thy sa-wes.^Piers Plowman, xxi. 153. — — —— — — — ———

60 Pargeter Parnell

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Plasterer [f.M.E. (Eng.) PARGETER \ PARKHILL Bel. to Parkhill (Yorks, PARGITER J pargeten, O.'ti. pargeter, porgeter, Aberdeen, etc.) = the Park-Hill [v. to plaster a wall ; Lat. projectare, to cast Park and Hill] before] PARKHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Park-

' Mafon, a par^etter : a roughmason, or House [v. Park and Houbb] he that trimmeth walls with rough cast.' Nomenclator, A.D. 1585. PARKHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Parkhurst = the Park-Wood [v. Park and Hurst] PARHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Parham (Suss. ; Suff.) = the Pear(-Tree)-Enclosure [O.E. Parkhurst (Forest), I.o.W., is mentioned in Domesday Book as per- + ham{m, a piece Of land, enclosure] Parcus Regis. The Surrey Parkhurst occurs in the 16th cent, Sussex The Parham was Perham A.D. as Parkehurst. and also in the 13th cent. 959, PARKIN I = Perkin, a dim. of Peter, q.v. PARIS \ (Lat.-Celt.) Bel. to Paris = the PARKYN

PARISS J Town of the Gaulish Tribe Parish [The Roman name of the place which PARKY'Jfs}P^^''''''^(Son) is now called Paris was Z.Mteizai'arazorMjM: Lutetia was supposed by Whitley Stokes PARKINSON V. Parkin.

' PARKYNSON Parkin's Son to be for Lucetia, , the light or bright PARKISSON place' ; the tribal name is of doubtful origin] PARKMAN = Park (q.v.) + man. Robert de Paris. Hund. Rolls. is no trace For Frenssh of Parys was to hire [her] PARLEY. The of a place of this name ; so that it may be a descendant of / unknowe. the A.-Fr. name Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 126. Parleben, Parlebien, 'Good Speaker' {Fr. parle, he speaks ; (ult. £ (Gr.) a pers. name from the celebrated Lat. parabola, a collation (from Gr.) -f Fr. Trojan; Lat. Paris, Gr. Jldpis [cp. Gr. bien (earlier ben), Lat. bene, well] rdpur-os, almost equal, just like] PARLE I the French (F*eter) Paris is a very common French surname. P/erre/ = Pierre -I- the dim. suff. -el. PARISH (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dweller at the 2 a form of Pearl (q.v.) [cp. Dut. paarl, Ecclesiastical Area so called [M.E. pearl] parisch(e, parysch{e, Fr. paroisse, Lat. PARLETT, the French pierrelet — Pierre parcBcia; Gt. irapoiKla, a sojourning] (Peter) -|- the double dim. suff. -el -et. Willelmus de Parysch. PARLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Parley (Dorset; Hants) YorksPoll-Tax,.A.D. 1379. = the Pear (-Tree) Lea [O.E. pere -(- PARK ICEng. and A.-Fr.) Dweller in an leak] Enclosed PARKE J Ground [M.E. parke, PARMENTER > ( A. - Fr. - Lat. ) Clothier, parrok, O.'E. pearroc, an enclosure, park PARMENTIER Tailor [A.-Fr.; O.Fr. par- (O.Fr. pare is prob. f. Teut.] PARMINTER ' mentier ; O.Fr. parement, John del Vaic—Hund. Rolls. PARMITER ' ornamental clothing {-ment,

Lat. -ment-um) ; Lat. parare, to Roger atte Parke. Pari. Writs. prepare] Hanio le Parmenter. PARKER (Eng.) Park-Keeper, Gamekeeper Fine Rolls.

[M.E.parker(e, etc. ; v. under Papk(e, and Saher le Parmentier. Pari. Rolls. the agent, suff. -«?•] + WilUam le Parmeter. Pari. Writs. Our 13th and 14th cent. Rolls abound . . . le drapier et le parmentier.— with such entries as 'Adam le Parker' and Louis XL, Nouv. xciv. 348 ; Moisy. ' Michael le Parcur.' Le sire de Beaumont aperjut un Grayvis [reeves], and baylys [bailiffs], chevalier de Normandie, qu'il connut par and parker ses paremens.— Schone [shall] come toacounteg every Chron.deFroissart,'ed.'Bnd:ion,l.j.c. iig. yere. The Boke of Curtasye, 589-90.

PARKERSON, the Parker's Son: v. Parker. PARNALL r ( A.-Fr.-Gr. ) formerly Pemel{e, There may have been some confusion PARNELLJ Fr. iV«e/, Peronel (m.), Pernelle, with Parkisson, Parkinson, q.v. Peronelle (f.), the latter Latinized as Petronella or Petronilla,,a\\ dim. forms of I genit., and pi., of q.v. n^ol^f^ I Park(e, Peter (Fr. Pere, Pierre), q.v. PARKS J 2 occ. contr. of Parkins, q.v. Pernel Clere. Hund. Rolls. Cp. Perk(e)8. William Peronel.—ffawrf. Rolls. — — :

6i Parnham Partridge

Pernele Proud-herte PARSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Parsley = (perh.)

' ' Platte hire [threw herself down] to the Par(r)'s Lea [v. Parr ; and -h M.E. ley, ertjie. Piers Plowman, 2599-3600. O.E. ledhl Parnel(l went out of fashion as a female There may have been confusion with christian name owiijg to its gradually be- Parslow. coming unfavourably connected with the sex— PARSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Parslow (? Parsloes,

' Essex) [O.E. hlc^w, a (burial) mound, hill Parnel (Ital. Petronella). A slut ; a loose gkV—Prov. Diet., ed. T. Wright. without the evidence of early forms of the name nothing definite can be said Per{r)oneau (-eau for earlier dim. -el, m.) as to the origin of the first element, which is a rather rare surname in France, as may, represent the A.-Sax. pers. name also is Pdrineau ; the forms with the dims. Pceghere in the geuit. case] -et, -ot being much commoner. PARNHAM (Eng.)Bel. to Parnham (Dorset) PARSON (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Person (of Rank); [the second element is either O.E. ham, Priest [il.F,.' persone, persoun, O.f'r. persone Lat. home, estate, or O.E. ham(m, a piece of ; persona]

land, enclosure : for the first element Walter le Persone.—Par/. Rolls. evidence of early spelling is wanted, but A good man was ther of religioun. it may be noted that Parndon, EsSsx; was And was a poure persoun of a toun.— formerly Parringdon] Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 477-8. PARNWELL (Eng.) [the second element is (A.-Fr.-Gr. -|- E.) = Pearson, q.v. O.E. wiella, a spring : for the first element of evidence early spelling is wanting, and PARSONAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at, or by, the spot is not identified] the Parsonage [v. under Parson', and

PARR (Engj) Bel. to Parr; or Dweller at a -I- the Fr. suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us'] Stock-Enclosure [M.E. par{r, (East. PARSONS, the Parson's (Son): v. Parson'. Dial. E., an animal-pen), O.E. pegrr-, an enclosure] PARSONSON, the Parson's Son: V. Parson'. The Lane, place was Parre A.D. 1298, i'ar A.D.I 307. PART, a form of Pert, q.v. (A.-Fr.-Gr.) an Anglicized form of the PARTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Partington French P^e, Pierre = Peter, q.v. (Chesh.), i6th cent, same spelling = the PARRAM for Parham, q.v. Estate of the Peart(a Family [A.-Sax. *Peartinga-tun — Peart- prob. a metathe- PARRAMORE = Paramore, q.v. sized form of O.E. prat{t = O.N. prett-r = PARRATTa M.Dut. perte, Dut. part, a trick, whim -(- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing tAn, PARRETtI (A-.Fr.-Gr.) 1 = Parr^q.v.) -|- the -f- estate, etc.] PARR ITT "Ft. dXm. snSs. -at, -et, -ot. . parrottJ The place-name Peartingawyrth occurs 2 occ. a nickname from the Parrot in a Sussex charter c. A.D. 791.

[same etymology ais i : the French christian name Perrot was betowed upon PARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Parton, = the Pear- the bird as a pet name] Orchard, or Pear-Tree Farm [O.E. Cp. Perratt, etc. pere -\- tun] PARRIN (A.-Fr.-Gr.) = Parp» (q.v.) + the PARTRICK (Teiut.) Glorious Ruler [O.Ger. Fr, dim. suff. -in. Perhtric for Ber(a)htric — O.H.Ger. ber(a)ht Cp. Perrin. = O.Sax. berht = O.E. beio)rkt =• Goth. bairht-^s = O.N.biart-r, bright, glorious -f PARRIS I for Paris, q.v. 1 a der. qf TeMt.*rik-, ruler, as OiE. rka and PARRISS 2 Parry's (Son) : v. j Parry^ Goth. m*-j] PARRISH for Parish, q.v. Partryk occurs in the 'Liber Vitse' of PARROCKI Durham. v. under Park ante. PARRICK J Robertus Pertryk. Yprks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. PARRY (Celt. -{- Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Harry

= SoN OF Harry : v. Harry [Wei. ap, ah, PARTRIDGE('A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)anicknamefrora son] the bird [M.E. partrick(e, pertrich(e, O.Fr. Thomas Ap-Harjy.-^Charter-Rolls. pertrisifaod. Ft. perdrix), hat. perdix, Gr. ripSii, a partridge] (A.-Fr.-Gr.) = Parr' (q.v.) -t- the E. dim^ suff. -y. (Teut.) a palatal form of Partriok, q.v. — — —; , ——

62 Pascal(l Patmore

PASCAL(L\ PATCH ELL, the French Pachel = Pache (v. PASCHAL Patch (A.-Fr.) + the dim. suff. -el. PASCO V. Pash, Pask.

PASeOE • PATCH ETT, the French Packet, Pachot =

PASKY I Pache (v. Patch (A.-Fr.) -t- the dim. suff. -et, -ot. Paschal Balistarius. Close Rolls. Richard Pachet. Pascal (later Pascau)is a very; common Hund. Rolls, A.D. French surname, the form Paschal (Lat. 1274, Paschalis) being comparatively rare. Alicia Pachot. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. PASH ] (A.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.) One born during PASK \ the Passover Festival or Easter- PATCHIN :i the Vreach. Pachin = Pache (v. PASKE J TIDE [M.E. pask(e, pasche, passke PATCHENJ Patch (A.-Fr.) + the dim. suff. (O.Fr. pasque),. O.E. hat. pascha, pascha, Gr. -in. irda-xo.! Heb. pesakh, a passing-over] John Pask.—Hwwrf. Rolls. PATCHING (A.-Fr.) = Patchin (q.v.), with added -g. John Passhe. Valor Eccles. (Eng.) Bel. to Patching (Suss.)) the PASH LEY, for the French Passeleu [Fy. passe, A.-Sax. Paccingas (A.D. 960) = (the

I a pass, passage ; Lat. pass-us, a step + Estate of the) 'Pmcc- Family [-j«^as, pi.

O.Fr. leu, loup, a wolf ; Lat. lupins'] of the O.E. fil. suff. -ing\

PASKALLl p PATE, a Scot, and PASKELL;- f'ascall,„ q.v. N. Eng. dim. of Patrick, q.v. ; rarely of Peter, q.v.

(q.v.) the Fr. dim. suff. PASK I N = Pask + -in. PATEMAN = Pate's Man (-Servant). The French Pasquin is not nearly so PATER I a contr. of Paternoster, q.v. . common as Pasquet. 2 a form of Peter, q.v. PASKINS, Paskin's (Son).

' PASMORE = Passnnope, q.v. PATERNOSTER (A.-Lat.) PATERNOSTRERi i.e. . maker of, or dealer in, paternosters PASS, V. Pace. (rosaries) [M.E. paternostrer ; Lat. Pater PASS(E)Y, V. Pacy : Pacy-sur-Eure, Paciacum Noslet, Our Father 4- the E. agent, suff. in in 1195, was Pfljjy 1356. -er-\ PASSINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Passenham PATERSON I a Scot, form of Patrickson, (Northants), *ethe A.-Sax.1 = q.v. ,1, Passan-hdm Passa'sf'ASSA's Home or Estate {O.E. hdm\ 2 Pater's Son : v. Pater.

PASSMAN (Fr.-Lat. + E.) Dweller at a PATES, Pate's (Son) : v. Pate. Pass [M.E. pas(s, a pass, passage; Fr. PATESHALL (Erig.) Bel. to i PateshuU or pas, hat. pass-US, a step, track + E. man'] Pattishall (Northamp.), 13th cent. Pates- PASSMORE. If, as seems likely, this is a hulle = (prob.) Peat(e):s Hill [M.E. M.E. local name, the first element is prob. hull{e, O.E. hyll, a hill] M.E. pas{s, a pass, passage, narrow We fiiid the A.-Sax. pers. name Peata path [Fr. Lat. a step] pas, passe ; pass-ifs, in Peatanig (A.D. 963), now Patney, Wilts. + M.E. more [O.E. mdt, a moor] 2 PatshuU or PatteshuU (Staffs), 13th

Cp. Padmore. ! cent. Petleshull, Patleshull = P.a;TEL's or Peatel's Hill [M.E. hull, O.E. hyll, PASTON (Eng.) BeL to Fasten (Northamp. a hill] loth-cent. Latin-charter form Pastun The A.-Sax. pers. name P^la (for Norf. ; Northumb., etc), usual i3th-cent. Pmtela) occurs in a loth-cent. charter ^ form Paston = Pasa's Estate [A.^Sax. (' Cart. Sax.,' 779). *Pasantuh — Pasan-, genit. of Pasa (perh.

an unvoiced form of Basa : v. Bass' and ^^y^ (q.v.) + the E. dim. sufi. Barton) ; tun, estate, etc.] PATI^l"" PATY J-«)^>-'^- PATCH (A.-Fr.) the French Pache, prob. f. Hugh Paty.—Hund. Rolls. ' Teut. : V. undet Pack (A.-Fr.»)

(Eng.) I a palatal form ol Pack, q.v. PATFIELD for Padfield, q.v. Cp.' Pp.tching. PATMAN, V. Pateman. 2 JESTER, Clown [f. E. patch, an in- serted piece of cloth] PATMORE, for Pad more, q.v. — '

63 Paton Pauncefort

) Little [Gr. PATON I the French Paton, an accus. and PAUL (A.-Lat. ; A.-Fr.-Lat; dim. form of the O.Teut. Pato. IlaOXof, Lat. Paulus —paul-us, little] Poul{e.g. 2 Paton is so common a surname in Wiclif (1380) has the spelling apostle ofihesus Scotland that it must have "another 1. Cor. 1. 1.:' Paul depid aud Cranmer source besides the French name ^- prob. Crist ') ; but Tyndale (1534) ' the dim. of Patrick (q.V.), with the Fr. (1539) have PawZ. dim. suff. -on. Paul is a common French surname.

PATRICK, the Latin Patricius, is fotind in 13th i Polden; 2 Palden PAULDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to ' and 14th cent. . Eng.- records as Patric, element is evid. the PAULDIN 1 [The second

^Patrik, ; it is the Ir. Pdt- . Patryk, Paterik M.E. dene, O.E. denu, a valldy ('John de raic, Pddraic, Pddraig (O.Ir. Patrice); Paldene' occurs in an E. Lane, deed A.D. patrician, Gael. Pddruig [Lat. patrici-us, i3z3--Z,a^. Inq. ii. 191). Thefirst element noble] may, in the one case, be M.E. pol{e, O.E. PATRICKSON, Patrick's Son: v. Patrick. p6l, a pool; in the other, M.E. pale; pole, O.E. pal, a pale, pole, stake] PATTEIVldRE, V. Patmore, Padmore. affix Polden Hill, Somerset, app. , The to shows that the -den should he -don, O.E. PATTEN "1 I the French Patin, i. the O.Teut. diin, a hill. > PATTIN ) name-stem Pat-, with the Fr. dim. suff. -in. ' PAULDING = Pauldin, Paulden (q.v.), with 2 Patten, Pattin, like Paton, are so added -g. common in Scotland and the North of 1 French = Paul England that there must be anpther source PAULET the Paulet (q.y.) the dim suff. -rf. besides the French name — prob. the PAULETT J +

, Cp. Pawlett. . dim. of Patrick, (q.v.), with the Fr. dim. sufl. -in. PAULEY! the French Pauly, a (Jeriy. f, Lat. PAULY Paulus through {a) a type Pauli-us, PATTENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Pattenden, the J the genit. Pauli : v. Paul. A.-Sax. Pattandenu = Patta's Valley (b) [Pattan-i genit. of Patta + denu (obi. dene), PA U LIN \the French Paulin = Paul (q.v.) a, valley] PAULLIN J + the dim. suff. -in. There is a Pattenden in Ketit ; and a Paulin de Basset. Hund. Soils. Hampshire one occurs in a charter of King Eadgar (A.D. 973-4) — ' on Pattan PAULING = Paulin (q.v.) with added -^. dene.' PAULL, V. Paul. PATTENER (Fr.) Patten-Maker [M.Fr. PAULSON, Paul's Son : v. Paul. patinier, f. patin, a patten,' clog ; O.Fr. pate (Ft. patte), a paw] , PAUNCEFOOTl (A.-Fr.iat.) oqcur in our I3th-cent. records as PATTERSON for Patrickson, q.v. PAUNCEFOTE J Pance- fot, Pancevot, the Domesday Pancevolt =, PATTEY) Arched Paunch (evid. a nickname for a PATTIE [v. Patey, etc. corpulent person) [O.Fr. pakce (rriod. PATTY J panse), Lat. pantex, -ids, the belly + O.Fr. volt{e, vaulted, arched (cp. mod. Fr. voUte, PATTIN. V. Patten. a vault), Lat. volut-us, oivolvere, to roll] , pp. PATTINGHAIVI (Eng.) Bel. to Pattinghain The mediaeval Latinization ot this name (Staffs), the Domesday Patingham = the as de Pede Planco (Broad-Foot) was possi- Home or Estate, of the Patt(a or bly due to motives of delicacy. Peatt(a Family [A.-Sax. *P{e)attinga- Pancevolt is one of the old Norman fil. suff. hdm — -inga, genit. pi. of the -ing; names which Camden in his ' Remaines

Mm, home, etc.] ' prefaced by: "for who knoweth now " PATTINSON, Pattin's Son: v. Pattin, what these names were ? Patten. PAUNCEFORT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) may be a separate PATTlSON \i Pattie's Son: v. Pattie, name from Pauncefote, Pauncefoot (Burke, s.n. ~ Pauncefort - Duncombe, PATTISSON J Patey. mentions a 'Geoffrey de Pauncefort,' A.D. 2 for Pattinson, q.v. 1209-10): if it is, the meaning is much the same, but the etymology of the second PATTON, V. Paton. element is, ofcourse, the Fr./ort(«, 'strong' PATTRICK, V. Patrick. ,' stout' [Lat./ortwJ- —— — — — — — ;

64 Pavely Peache

PAVELY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Pavilly (Seine- PAXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Paxton = P^ECc's Inferieure), M.Lat. Pavil{l)iacus = Pa- Estate [O.E. tun\ the Lat^Ga^l. yiL(L)us' ESTATE {-dc-us, Paxton, Hunts, was Pacston in the 13th possess, suff. : the pers. name is app. a cent ; Paxton, Berw., was Paxtun c. 1 100. dim. of Lat. pav-us (earlier pavo), a pea- cock] (A.-Lat.) and PAY \ a nickname sign-name Robert de Pavely. Hund. Rolls. PAYE J from the Peacock [M.E. pa, pe, O.E. ped, pdwa, Lat. pauo, a peacock] PAVETT the French Pavet, a dim. f. i Lat. PAYAN see the commoner (but less correct) pav-us (,pdvo), ' peacopk.'. \ PAYEN ; Payn(e. 2 the place-name Pavie, Ital. Pavia, Lat. Papia. PAYBODY, V. Peabody.

PAVEY I ^ ^ French Pavy, Pavie: i One from PAYLING.v. Paling. PAVIE i*''^ f"''^^'^' I*^"' Pavia, Lat. Papia. PAYN 1 ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) lit. Rustic; Pagan, PAVY I PAYNE Heathen [M.E. pain, payn, payen, 2 a nickname from a kind of Peach J O.Fr. (Fr. payen, pagien paten), pagan ; [Fr. pavie ; f. the place-name as above] L.a.t: pagan-US, vUlagei—pag-us, village] a deriv. f. Lat. pav-us (pavo), genit. 3 Gilbert Payn.—Hund. Rolls. pavi, ' peacock.' Payn le Fitz-Waryn. Pari. Writs. PAVIER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Paver, Pavior [Fr. Simon Payn. Lane. Fines (A.D. 1336). PAVIOUR paveur; paver, to pave ; L.Lat. PAVYER pavare, for Lat. pavire, to ram (as And the trewe kinnesman, the payenes earth] sone. William and the Werwolf, 354. PAVIN, the Fr. Pavin, a dim. from the same With alle the rytes of his payen wyse.T—

stem : v. Pavett. as Pavet , Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 2370.

PAVITT for Pavett, q.v. PAYNEL = Payn (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -el. PAW \ (A. -Lat.) a nickname and sign-name John Paynel, Chamberlain of Chester, PAWE J from the Peacock [M.E. pawe, 0,E. pdwa, Lat. pauo, a peacock]; A.D. 1326-7. Cp. Pay(e. Painel, John Chamberlain of , Chester, PAWLE for Paul, q.v. A.D- 1334-6. Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts. PAYNTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Painter [M.E. peyn- PAWLETT, I Bel. to Pawlett or Paulet tour ; i. Fr. peindre, Lat. pingere, to paint] (SomS.). The family - name —Paulet — of the PAYTER for Pater, q.v. Marquess of Winchester is supposed to PAYTON I Bel. to Payton or Peyton (Devon ^ be taken from this place. Poss. the nam- Suff.; etc.) = (prob.) P^ga's Estate ing was the other way. There seems to [A.-Sax. *Ptzgan-tiin ^ P

PAWSON I Paw(e)'s Son : v. Paw(e. individual.

2 for Paulson, q.v. PEACE, a va'r. of Pace, q.v. Stephen Pawessone. PEACH (A.-Fr.) i Bel. to Pech (France) Lane. Fines, A.D. 1324. \ PEACHE J or Dweller at a Hill, Peak [a Simon Paweson. palatal form of pecg (Le Pecq, Seine-et- Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. Oise) cp. 1379. : Norm. Dial, pec, a hob ; and L.Ger. peek = Dut. piek, a pike = O.E. PAXMAN, Pack's Man (-Servant.) : v. Pack. p(c, a point, pike, peak] Delpech is a fairly common French sur- paxson}'P''"''^^°''='-p^°'*- name. 2 for Paxton, q.v. Cp. Peck. — ; ; —

65 Peachey Peatt

2 (occ.) a nickname from the Peach and PEARS " local name from the Peach-Tree [M.E. PEARSE V. Pierce, Piers. peche (Fr. piche), O.Fr. pesche; Lat. persic- PSARSALL "1 Bel. to Pershall or Pershill us, peach-tree, Persian] PEARSAULX (Staffs), A.D. 1188 Pereshulle Reginald Peche.—ffwnd. Rolls. [M.E. hullie^ O.E. hyll, a hill : the pers. (in the genit.) be the O.Fr. Pere J. Delpeche.—Pflm Directory. name may if not the rare A'.-Sax. Pteghere^ PEACHEY= Peaoh(q.v.)+the E..dim. suff. -ey. Sir Robert Tunsall, a noble knight, And come of royall anceytree PEACOCK "I (Eng.) a nickname and sign- Sir Ibhn Savage, wise and wight, PEACOCKE J name from the Peacock [v. Sir Hugh Persall : there was 3. Pea; and + cock, O.E. cocc"] ' Bosworth Feilde', 457-66 ; Percy's PEAK \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Pointed Hill Folio MS. PEAKE; [M.E. pec, pek; O.E. p^ac, a var. of PEARSON, V. Pierson. p(c, a point, pike] PEART, V. Pert. Martyn del' Pek.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. PEASCOD (Eng.) meton. for a seller of peas- cods [M.E. a pea, pi. O.E. The Peak District, Derbyshire, is re- pese, pesen ; ferred to as Pea£ land in the A.-Sax. pise, pi.pisani Lat. pts-um, a pea + M.E. O.E. a Chronicle, A.D. 924. codd(e, codd, bag]

See Peck and Pike. PEASE I like Peace, a var. of Pace, q.v. * PEAL ) 2 meton. for a seller of Peas [v. under PEALE \ V. Peelfe. Peascod] ' PEALL ) John Pese.—Hund. Rolls.

PEALLING, V. Pelling. PEASEGOODl r „ for q.v. } Peascod, PEAR (A.-Lat.) Dweller by a Pear-Tree PEASGOOD \p.^.pere,'LaX.pir-us\ PEASEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Peas-Field (A.-Fr.-Gr.) the French Pierre = Peter, [v. under Peascod, and -|- M.E. hey, hayi q.v. O.E. htzg; haga, an enclosure] PEASNALL\ (Eng.) Bel. to Peasenhall, Suff., PEARCE, V. Pierce, Piers. PEASNELLj 13th cent. Pesenhal = the Peas- CORNER (-Field) [v. under Peascod, and ^i^R^§f^}^'^'erc(e)y. -I- M.E. hal{e, O.E. h{e)al{h, a corner] PEAT \ 1 an Early Mod. E. form of Pet PEARCH, V. Perch. PEATE J [prob. conn, with Fr. petit{e, little, a darling cp. South. Fr. PEARD is app. a contr. of Pearhead (Robert ; petet, soft, delicate) Perheved Hund. iJoHi)—either a nick- small-foot : doubtless f. an O.Celtic *pit, something pointed or name, or a local name from a Pear(-Tree) slender ; cp. WeL Head (-Land) [v. Pear'; and -|- O.E. pid, a tapering point (Gael, and Ir. peata he(ifod, head, high ground, upper part] {(tax\\ex<,petta), a pet, are borrowed from but there may have been some confusion A.-Fr.] with Peart, Pert, q.v. You are a pretty peat, indifferent fair too.—Massinger, Maid of Hon. (A.D. 1632), ii. 2. 2 short for Peatman, a Cutter of Peat (A.-Fr.-Lat.) PEARL a name from the Jewel [M.E. i>e<(g, L.Lat./p^te, peat]

[M.E. perle, Fr. perk"] . 3 a dim. of Peter, q.v. [cp. Dut. Piet'\ Thomas Perle.—C/o5« Rolls, A.D. 1343. 4 f. the M. Dut. pete (mod. peet), a God- "1 (Eng.) PEARMAN Dweller by a Pear- parent [like Ger. pat{h)e,' f. Lat. pater PEARMAIN ; Tree [O.E. pere (La.t.pir-us) + (spiritualis), with change to the weak mann\ masc. decl.]

Cp. Oakman, Ashman, etc. > 5 a lengthened (dial.) form of Pitt, q.v. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Pearmont, q.v. PEATLING = Peat' (q.v.) -f the dim. suff. -ling. PEARMOND 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.)Bel.toPierremont , PEARMONT /(Picardy) =iJ the Rock-Hill PEATS, Peat's (Son) : v. Peat. [Fr. pierre, Lat. petra (Gr. Trirpa), a stone, rock + Fr. mont, Lat. mens, mantis, a hill] PEATT, y. Peat. — ——— ; ——— '

66 Peattie Peevof

PEATTIE 1= Peat(t (q.v.) + the E. dim. Pebles [app. the Cymric pebyll, pi. of pabell, a. tent, pavilion the M.E. pi. PEATY J suff. -ie, -y. + suff. -es'] PEBgRDAY for Peabody, q.v. ' In Peblis toun sumtyme, as I heard q.v. PECHEY = Peaohey, tell . . .'—The Thrie Priests of Peblis, 1.

PECK I a var. of Peak, q.v. PEEK \ Peak(e, q.v. Hugh de Peck. PEEKEJ Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1325-6. PEEL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at a Forti- I del Pecke.-^ Ricardus PEELE J fied Residence or Small Castle Yorks Poll-Tax, A.I). 1579. [Mig. pel, peill, pe(e)le; O.Fr. pel, Lat. Lat. pila, a 2 conf. with Pake, Paok(e, q.v. pal-US, a stake. But O.E. pil, pillar, seems iiot to have been without in- PECKER = Peck, Peak(e (q.v.) + the agent, fluence] suff. -er. And at Lythkow wes than [then] apeill, Roger le Peckere. Huud. Rolls. Mekill and stark, and stuffit weill With Inglis men. PECKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Peckham=PECc(A)'s Barbour, The Bruce, x. 137-9. or P^cc(a)'s Home [O.E. Mm, home, this — estate] God save the lady of pel. Chaucer, Hous of Fame, iii. 220. Peckham, Kent, occurs inthe loth cent. ' le ftfe of Hilton,' otherwise ' le Hall as Peccham. of Wyche Eves.' Cp. Packham. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1550.

(occ.) 2 for 'Peeled,' i.e. Bald, Ton- PECKOVER \ (Eag.) Dweller at the Peak- [f. O.F. peler; haX. pilare, to make PECOVER I Edge (V. Peck, Peak, and + sured O.E. dfer, an edge, margin] bald] Thomas le Pale.—ParZ. Writs. PEDDAR (Eng.) Pedler, Bagman [M.E.and \ Cp. Pile|. PEDDERJ Scot. pedder(e, f. Dial. E. ped, a basket, hamper prob. rel. to pad\ ; PEER for the French Pierre = Peter, q.v. Richard le Pedder. A.D. Lane. ,Assize-RoUs, 1258. pIIrIe} = "'«"« 1-- Martin }e Pedder(e. Rolls, A.D. 1274. PEERSON = Plerson, q.v. , Hund. Quhvlk [which] at the last of monie PEET " smale couth [could] mak PEETE, Peat(e, q.v. This bonie pedder aiie gude fute pak.— The Thrie Priests of Peblis, 191-2. PEETS = Peats, q.v.

PEDDELL\(Teut.) the Dan.-Norw. pedel, PEEVER "I Bel. to Peever or Peover (Chesh.), PEDDLE jSwed. p^dell, Dut. pedel, Ger. PEEVOR J anc. Pevre. pedell^BEAOLK [L.Lat. pedell-us, bedell-us Peover is on the river of the same name; O.H.Ger. pitil, bitil] but the river-name is prob. takpn trom PEDDIE, app. a dim. form of Peddar, the village-name. The second element can hardly be the O.E. a river-bank, Pedder, q.v. ^ dfer, as the form of the name viiih-over is late. (q.v.) PEDLAR \ = Peddar, Pedder j the -l- The name has the appearance of having

; it PEDLER J being due to a formation on a dim., lost a local sufSx and may, in fact, be ped[d)le, oiped, a basket, etc. the Pevenvieh of a Latin charter of King Eadgar (a.d. 966: ' Cart. Sax.' No. 1175), PEDLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at Peda's Lea where Pever is prob. a pers. name allied [O.E. a lea] leak, to the Ger. Pfeifer = Piper [f. O.H.Ger. 2 a var. of Pad ley, q.v. pfifa, an early borrowing from l,a.t.pipa, a pipe (Lat. pipare, to pipe) ; whence also PEDMAN (Eng.) equiv. to. Peddar (q.v.) Ital. piva, a pipe, and, prob. the Norman {Dial. E. ped, a basket + matt\ name, Pever-el] de Pevre. William Pedman.—i'i>^-i2tfH,A.D. 1190. John Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Acds., A.T>. 1303-4.

PEEBLES (Celt.) Bel. to Peebles, A.D. 1 126 John Pever.—ioMc. Fines, A.D. 1445. — — ; .

67 J*egg Pembroke

Pellat, Pelet, PEGG (Teut.) I the A.-Sax. name-stem Pe(c)g-, PELLATT ] the French Pelat, Pag- (as in the A.-Sax. geogr. names Pecg- PELLET Pellet, dims, of />«;(/«: v. Pell(e [Fr. dim. suff. -at, -et] esford, Pecganham, Peginga- Pxgingabume, PELLETT J (Fr.-Lat.) etc. [the stem is seen in Dut. and L.Gftr. dim. of Pelle : "I the French Pelleau, a peg-el (whence Mod. High Gcx.pegel), a PELLEW PELLOWJ V. Pell(e (Fr.-Lat.) [Fr. dim. -eau, gauge, liquid-measure = O.E. pceg-el, a earlier -el, Lat. -ell-US'] vessel for liquids (as wine), prob. orig, with the measure marked off by a peg; oi PELLING I theFfench Pelin, Pellin, dims, _ as well as in E. peg, M.E. pegge] Pel(le (v. Pell(e, Fr.-Lat.), with excrescent 2 the pet form. Peg (with dim. suff., -g. [Fr. 3ira. suff. -in, Lat. -in-us] Peggie), oi Margaret (q.v.) is prob. due to 2 V, Pilling. the early-8th-cent. St. Pega (St. Guthlac's sister), whose name is seen (palatalized) PELLITER (Fr.-Lat.) the common French f. O.Fr. in Peakirk (Ndrthants),rwhose ancient Pelletier = Furrier [Fr. pelletier ; ' church is dedicated to St. Pega [same pel {mod. peau), Lat. pelHs, a hide,fSkin] etymology] Adam le Peleter. Hund. Rolls. Peter Peg.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. PELLS, Pell's (Son) : v. Pell. Magota Pegge. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. PELLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French PeU, Pelle = There has prob. been some confusion the Bald \Fr. pele, pp. ofpeler,L,a.t.pilare, to make bald] with Pigg, q.v. PEGGRAM, V. Pegram. PELSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Pelsall (Staffs), late loth-cent. Peolshale, (14th cent. Peoleshale) PEGGS, Pegg's (Son) : v. Pegg. = (prob.) Peol's Corner [O.E. h(e)dl(h] PEGLER, a gutturalized form of Pedler, q.v. PELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pelton (Durham) (A.-Fr..Lat.) Pilgrim [O.Fr.pele- PEGRAM 1 [v. PeU (Eng.), and + O.E. tun, farm, Lat. PEG RU M J grin (Fr. pilerjn) ; peregrin-us, estate] a stranger: the /has dropped from the surname through the lengthening of PEMBER. There is no trace of this being an the e] Eng. localname;othei'wiseit could repre-^

WiUiam Pegnn.~Hund. Rolls. sent an O.E. pin-beant, 'pine-grove.' , Nor\ pror PEIL does it seem to be Cymric. In all ' bability it is the descendant of an A.-Sax. PEILE V. Peel(e. fern, name *Pendburh; this appears allthe PEILL J more likely from the occurrence of the q.v. PEIRCE = Pierce, Eng. place-name Pertiberton, / = q.v. PEIRCEY Piercy, PEMBERTON (Engl) Bel. to Pemberton PEIRSON = Pierson, q.v, (Lanes), A.D. 1200 Penberton [v. under Pennber, and -t- O.E. tin, farm, estate, etc.] PELHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pelham (Herts), 13th cent. Pelham [the first element is prob. an PEMBRIDGE. Bel. to Pembridge (Heref.), A.-Sax. pers. name Peola, or Pcella; the 13th cent. Penbrigge, Penfiebrigge [the " second, O.E., Wot, home, estate] bridge, O.E. brycg, is over the R. Arrow the pl^ce is sufficiently close to the Welsh

PELISSIER (Fr.-Lat.) the common French ' border for the first element to be the [f. Fr. Pelissier, Pelissier = Fvrkiek Wei. pen, a head, hill, rather than the pelisse; Lat, pellici-us, of skins—pellis, a O.E. penn, a pen, enclosure, or the A.-Sax. hide, skin] pers. name Penda]

of the A.-Sax. PELL 1 (Eng.) I descendants PEMBROKE (Celt.) Bel. to Pembroke, app. or Palla [cp; O.E. PELLE J pers. name Pella representing the O.Wth pen-brog = the pell, pcell (M.E. pell(e, pall(,e), a pallium Head or End of the Land [^^Mod. ' ' (Lat.] Wei. pen, a head, end + bro (compounded, 2 Dweller at a Pell, Pill, or Pool mutated to /ro), land, country] [Dial. E. pell, pill, are weak forms of pool ' It derives its name from i1?«//;o penin- V —O.E. pdl, -pul] sula, which extends for two miles N. of (Fr.rLat.) the French Pel. Pelle [nick- the town, between it and the main Gaz. names from tlie O.Fr. and South.Fr. pel channel of Milford Haven.'—iVai.

hair,, beard ; Lat. pil-us] {Fi.poil), . (There is another Penfro in co. Car- Willia.ml'eUe.—Hund. Soils. naiVon). — ;

6S Pend(e)g:ast Penn

F?END(E)GAST seems to be a compound of PENDRICK (Celt. -1- Teut.) the Welsh Ap- pend- (seen iu the name of the famous Hendrick = Son of Hendrick: v. Hend- 7th-cent. Mercian King Penda), and Teut. rick. [Wei. api son] gast (O.Sax., O.H.Ger., O.Dut. gast = (Celt. Teut.) the Goth, gast-s = O.E. gest, gi{e)sl = O.N. PENDRY + Welsh Ap-Hen- gest-r), guest, stranger. (In jJUrely A.- dry = Son of Hendry: v. Hendry [Wei. Saxon names the form of the second ap, son] element was usiially -gist, as in the case of PENEFATHER,v. Pennefather.Pennifathen. the FriYegist mentioned in the Chronicle, A.I). 993). PENFOLD = Pinfold, q.v. It Pend- is Teutonic it must be the same PENGELLY /(Celt.) Bel. to Pengelly (Corn- as O.Fris. pend, pand = East Fris. word PENGILLY Iwall) = the Head of the = M.L.Ger. and Dut. pand — O.N. pand Grove [Corn, and Wei. pen, a head, top pant-r (m.) =Ger. pfand, a pledge (O.Fris. + celli (kelly), a grove] penda=Ge\: pfdnden); but there are rea- sonable grounds for assuming that the PENISTON \ (Eng.) Bel. to Peniston(e (W. stem is Celtic (cp. viz. the Chad), PENISTONE J Yorks), 13th cent. Penneston-' O.Cymric pend (Wei. pen, Corn. pe{d)n) = Penn's Estate [O.E. tAn, estate, farm] O.Ir. cend (Ir. and Gael, ceann), head, chief. PENK 1 V. Pink.

PENDEGRASS, a corr. form of Pend(e)gast, 2 a contr. of Penketh or Penkethman, q.v. q.v.

PENDER (Eng.) \ the A.-Sax. Pendhere [v. PENKETH rBel. to Penketh (Lanes), 13th Pend(e)gast, O.E. under and + here, army] PENKETT \cent. Penketh, Penket [this name 2 a var. of Pinder, q.v. is not satisfactorily explainable from A.-Sax. William le Pendere. Mun. Gildh. Land. sources ; so that jt may poss. be a PENDERGAST form of the Wei. pen coed (O.Wel. coii), ' head or end of the Vi/ood PENDERGEST ] for Pencl(e)gast, q.v. PENDERGRASS PENKETHMAN \ = Penketh (q.v.), and -1- PENDERGRAST PENKEYMAN J man. PENDLE. Bel. to Pendle(Hill) (Lanes), A.D. Richard Penkethman, of Warrington, 1294 PennetAlle, 14th cent. Penhil, Penhul AJi.issz—Chester Wills. [the second element is O.E. hyll, a hill PENLINGTON, app. a corrupt form of Pen- the hill being over 1800 feet high, the first dleton, q.v. element is rather the Cymric pen/s. head, height, than O.E. penn, ah animal-enclo- PENMAN (Fr.-Lat. + E.) Scribe, Writer sure] Fr. [O. penne, Lat. penna, a feather -f- E.

PENDLEBURY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pendlebury mati\ PENDLEBERRYJ (Lanes), end 12th cent. (rarely) (Celt.) Bel. to Penmaen = the Penulbery, 13th and 14th cent. Penhulbury, Rock-Head [WA. pen, a head, height -f PeniWury [This stronghold—O.E. burh, maen, a stone, rock] dat. byrig — can hardly be conn, with PENN (Eng.) 1 Dweller at a Pen or, Fold Pendle (Hill), from which it is some con- [O.E. penn\ siderable distance ; so that the first two elements may Represent the A.-Sax. pers. Adam de la Penne.—ffMBrf. Rolls. name Penw(e)alh, or Peniu{e)aldi\ The Staffs Penn is Penne in Domesday PENDLETON. Bel. to Pendleton (Lanes"), Book. / 13th cent, (both places) Penhulion, Pennul- (occ.) 2 the A.-Sax. pfirs. name Penniji. ton, Penelton, Penhiltone [The Manchester (Celt.) Dweller at a or Pendleton is near Pendlebury (q, v.), so Head Height that the first two elements of the name of [Wel./.g«] the forpier place maybe taken to have the The Bucks Penn, Penna in the 13th same origin with those of the latter. The century, is on an eminence from which Pendleton near Clitheroe — otherwise views of many counties .can be obtained. Little Pendleton—is at the foot of Pendle It may therefore be the Welsh pen. From 1 Hill :vi Pendle] this Penn is derived indirectly the first part of the name of Pennsylvania, called PENDRED "I (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Pendrced after Penn, the Quaker, whose family- PENDRETH J [v. under Pend (e)gast, and -)- name seems to O.E. rckd, counsel, policy] have been taken from the Bucks parish. - Pettdrced was the name of a Mercian (Fr.) minter in Offa's time. the French P^ (eariier Penne) is —— — — ——— ::;

69 Pennager Penrith

(a) a nickname and sign-name itorapenne Pennek: Tetu, qui a une grosse tete. Au [Lat. penna\ a feathef (J) a local name figur6, entet^i opiniatre, obstin6 ..... ; trom Celt. pen(n, a rock, head [Gaul, penn- Pennek est un notn de famille assez com- = Bret. pen(n] mun en Bretagne. On dit aussi, par antonomase, siraplement penn, qui, au . . . penn, en gaulois pernios, est un mot gallois et breton, d'origine gauloise, qui propre, signifie tSte. Le Gonidec, Diet. Bret.-Franf., p. 480. veut dire 't6te et bout.'—d'Arbois de Jubainville, Les Celtes p. 28. (1904), PENNIFATHER (Eng.) Skinflint, Niggard, Larchey mentions' (p. 367) a i3th-cent. Miser [M.E. penifader, penyfad^; O.E. Albigensian chevalier, Olivier de Penite, pening, penig, penny + feeder, father] vvho had a feather for his blazon and Richard Penifader. Hiund. Rolls. dated his charters from the Chateau de Penne (Rock). The idea presumably was that the miser 'fathered' or treasured every PENNAGER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Plumier, Feather- penny. Dresser i[f., with the agent, suff. -er, Alas, this reconfirms what I said, rather M.E. O.Ft. pennage, plumage; 'LaX.penna, Cosmus has ever been a penny-father.— a feather; suff. -age, Lat. -atic-us] Harrington, Epigrams (A.D. 1615), ii. 21. William le Pennager. Close Rolls. PENNIGER, V. Pennager. Bardsley says that the Pennager was an ' ensign-bearer/ This may poss. have PENNIMAN.v. Pannyman. been an exceptional meaning ; it, of course, involves a different etymology for PENNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pennington the second element of the name. (Lanes'; Hants) = the Estate of the * PENNANT (Celt.) Bel. to Pennant (a common Penn(a Family [A.-Sax. Penninga-tAn Welsh place-name) = the Head of the — -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing; Ravine or Brook [Wei. pen, a head + ttin, estate, etc.] nant, a glen, stream] The N. Lane. Pennington was Pennige- (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One Doing Penance tun in Domesday Book, Peninton in 1202, and Penynton in 1262-3. The S. Lane, [M.E. O.Fr. penant ; Lat. poenitentia, peni- tence] place occurs in the same Inquisition c. 1332 ('Lane. Inq.', ii. 239) both as Thou art nat lyk a penant or a'goost. Pennyngton and Pynnyngton. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 3124. (Fr.) the French Peny, also PENNEFATHER, v. Pennifather. PENNY common Peney, Pennd, a deriv. from Pene, Penne PEN NELL 1 the French Penel, Fennel = Fine, v. Penn (Fr.) Penne (v. Penn, Fr.) -|- the dim. suff.-e)/ (Eng.) a nickname from the coin [M.E.

[Lat. ' -ell-us] peny, pent, O.E. peni(n)g] The old form Penel is still commoner Alexander Peny, Hund. Rolls. , in France thfen the later Peneau. Peni. 2 for Paynel, q.v. Robert do.

There is also some evidence of con- PEN NYCOOK (Celt.) Bel. to Penicui(c)k fusion with Pernell (Papnell)i q.v., and (Edinburgh), 13th cent. Penicok, Penycoke Pinnell, q.v. [prob. Cym. pen-y-cog, head or height of the cuckoo] PENNER (Eng.) One Who Pens Animals [f. M.E. pen(n, O.E. penn, a pen, enclo- PENNYFATHER, v. Pennifather.

sure ; with the agent, suff. -er] John le Penner. PENNYMAN prob. = Penny's Man (-Ser- Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. vant) : V.' Penny. There is no evidence that this name PENR(H)YN (Celt.) Bel. to Penr(h)yn = the ever denoted a maker of writing-peiis. Promontory fWei. and Com.penr (%»] Cp.,Pinner. PENRITH (Celt.) Bel. to Penrith (Cumb. PENNEY, V. Penny. 13th cent. Penreth, Penryth) = the Red Height [Cym. (Celt.) [Bret, pen, a head, height -f- PEN N ICK \ Big Head pennek— rhudd (« as «, dd as th), red, crimson] PEN NOCK i pen(n, a head + the possess, suff. -ek] The Cumberland town is built of the Cp. Pinnock. local red freestone. — ;: : ,

70 Penrose Pepys

PENROSE (Celt.) Bel. to Penrose or Penrhos PEPIN, the common French Pepin, Pdpin = the Head of the Moor or Heath I from the O.L.Ger. Pip{p)in (Cp. the [Wei. and Corn, pen, a head, top + Wei. A.-Sax. Pippen and Dut. Pippin) [prob. a r%os = Corn. r6s, a moor, heath] dim. nickname f. the onomatopoetic word seen in mod. L.Ger. and Dut. piepen, There is a Penrose in Monmouth; and Dan.-Norw. pipe, Swed. {pip, a, chirp, also one in Cornwall. pipa whistle), Fr. papier, piper, Lat. pipare, Gr.

PENRUDDOCK(E (Celt.) Bel. to Penruddock TTiTTrifeii', to pip, chirp, squeak, « whistle] (Cumb.), 13th cent; Penredek [Cym. pen, (occ.) 2 the O.Fr. pepin (cp. mod. a head, height + rhuddog = Corn, ruddoc pipiniMsie), a gardener, nurseryman [app. (O.E. ruddoc), a redbreast ; but the place- f. Ij'dX., pepo. a melon : cp. the Norman not refer particularly to the name may Dial, pepin, ' an apple raised from seed'] bird—rather to the colour of, the hill] Pepin is one of the most important PENRY (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap-Henry names m early mediaeval French history. = Son OF Henry: v. Henry [Wei. a/^, a6, Pepin of Landen (Brabant)—d. A.D. 640 spn] —was the progenitor of the CaroHngian

dynasty ; his grandson was Pepin le PENSON, Penn's Son : v. Penn. C&os. Pepin le Bref was the father of Pehnesone. John CloseRoUs,A.D. 1343. Charlemagne ; and Pepin, King of Italy,

was a son of Charlemagne, i PENTECOST (A.-Fr.-Gr.) a name given to one born at Whitsuntide [M.E. pentecost{e, William Pepin.—ffa«rf. Rolls.

O.Fr. pentecoste (mod. pentecdte) ; f. Gr. iretiTrjKiHrT-ds, fiftieth (with reference to the PEPPER ^.-Lat. etc.) melon, for Pepperer, number of days after the Passover] i.e. 3 Dealer in Pepper [O.E. pipor, Lat. pepper] Pentecost de Morton.-— piper, Close Rolls, A,D. 1330. (Eng.) English placfe-names like Pepper- thorpe, Pepper-Hall, etc., show that this See the note under Osborn. surname must have another origin-;—prob. PENTLAND. Bel. to Peatland (Firth, Parish, (notwithstanding the long t) the O.E. Hills) [We find the O.N. form Pettaland pipere, a piper: we find the A.-Sax. fior^-r in, the Sagas, where Pettaland evid. family-name Piperinges in an 8th-cent. indicates the land of the Pehts or Picts charter. ('Cart. Sax.' No. 145). but the first element of the name PEPPERALLl (Eng.) Bel. to Pepper-Hall of the .old Edinburgh p'arish and the PEPPERELU /jYorks) [v. under Pepper- Hills (i2th cent^ Pentlant) may rather (Eng.), and + O.E. heall, a hall] be for the Cymric pen, a height, and the seqond represent O.Cym. lann (mod. Han) (Fr.) the O.Fr. Piperel (mod. Pipereau) = O.Ir. land, an enclosure, land] (i) f. (with the double dim. suff. -er-et) the stem seen in Pepin (2) f. (with the The Pentland Hills derive their name ; dim. suff. -el) O.Fr. piper (or the corresp. from a Brythonic Penn-llann, whence Teut. word), piper. i%K-?A/a»(f, with the usual rt/ for the strong spirant W.—Rhys, Celt. Brit (ed. 1908), PEPPERCORN (Eng.) melon. for Pepperer: P- 313- V. Pepper (A.-Lat.) [O.E. piporconi] (Eng.) Bel. to PENTLOW \ Pentlow PEPPET(T \ PENTE,LOW(E (Essex), in a late copy of J PEPPIAT(T the French Pepet, Pepat [f. the the will of the i ith.-cent. Thurston Wine- PEPPIET(T •stem seen in Pepin ; with the sun^ Pentelaw = Penta's or Penda's PEPPIETTE Fr. dim. sufi. -ef, -ai] Hill or Tumulus. [O.E. hldkw\ PEPP1T(T From the church-tower on the hill here PEPPIN, V. Pepin. 46 churches could be seen in 1868 ace. to the Nat. Gas. PEPRALL, V. Pepperall. PENTNEY \ (Eng.) Bel. ~to Pentney (Norf.), PENTONY ; i3th cent. Penteneye = Penta's PEPYS, Pep's or Pepp's (Son): Pep(p is or Penda's Island orWATERSipE [A.-Sax. doubtless a shortening of one of the *Pendan-ig—Pendan-, genit. of Penda + above Pep(p- names. ig = OiN. island, etc.] ey, In the Hundred Rolls we find the Pentney is on the banks of the R. Nen forms Pepis and Pepes, the latter form also occurring in the the old watery lands are now drained. , lylh cent. PepPes, Peppis, and Pepys are found in the i6th PEOVER, V. Peevep. cAit. [-w;(-;'5) for -es, the M.E. genit. suff.] — ;; — — —' '

71 Perceval Perke

PERCEVAL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Eschenbach's ' Parzival ] the Frejich Perce- Wojfram von PERCIVAL \va.l = lit. ValUey-Piercer, (early r3th cent.) was based on the PERCIVALLJ evid. a nickname for a stal- ' French romance. In this German version wart X^x.perce, 3rd pers. pres. sing, indie. we have a couple of lines referring to the oipercer, O.Tr. percier, to pierce, penetrate name showing that the French Perceval prob. f. Lat. pertusus, pp. iof pertundere, was interpreted as we have given it to pierce + Fr. vol, Lat. vall-is, a valley] above—

' DeiswAr [truly] du heizest Parzivdl : This name is one of a series of similar Der name ist rente enmittendurch.' ( ones : thus we find in French perce-bois, 16-1^. ' Parzival, 140: wood-borer perce-roche, ' rock-piercer ' ; ' Malory (as usual with him) has much percc-foret, ' forest-piercer," a nickname for diversity of form ; e.g. a keen hunter. But the inatter is com- • • her names shal be plicated by the existence of Perceval or And [their] Persyval of walys and Lamerak of walls. Perseval as a place-name : two hamlets I. xxiv. called Perceval are given in the Calvados Morte dArthur, Snx Percyvale de gal'is.^io. do. VII. xiii. section of the 'Diet. Topog, de la France.' If the name were really local PERCEY"! (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Percy (Norraan-

(although, of course, a duplicate origin iis PERCY 1 dy), Percey (Yonne, Haute-Marne, quite feasible) then we might consider &c.) = Persius' Estate [Percy, Calvados,

the O.Vx. pers{e, 'blue,' 'bluish,' as the was Perceium A.D. . 1 198 : -eium was fre- etymon of .the first element rather than quently used as an equiv. of the Lat.-Gaul.

the Norm. Yi.perce, ' a holej' 'opening.' possess, suff. -dc-um. Persius is prob. In the prose version of 'Perceval le borrowed from the Gr. Perseus (Uepa-eis), Gallois,' (ed. Potvin, 1865 etc.), the app. a der. f. Gr. TipBa (aor. I. ivepag), to (persfr-polis) is hero's name is variously (sometimes destroy ; thus jrcpo-^-iroX« strangely) written. Thus we find the translated ' destroyer of cities '] forms Pellesvaux, Perlevax, Peslevaux A de Perci occurs in the mural list ol (perhaps an error), Percevaux, Per- ' Compagnons de Guillaum^ la Conquete cevaX, as well as the most frequent de I'Angleterre en MLXVI ' in Dives Church Percy is mentioned in conjunc- Percevalin the nominative. In Chrestien ; deTroyes' lengthy poem, Percevaus seems tion with Pygot in Lelafld's supposed of Battle to be the commonest form, with variations copy of the Roll Abbey ; and like Perchevaus, Percheval, Pierceval, in de Percy is given in the Abbe de la Rue's supplementary list in his 'Recherches addition to Perceval ; e.g.—

' sur la Tapisserie de Bayeux' (Caen, 1824) J'ai nom Percevaus li Galois.' — 'Ha, Pierceval, hiaxxs dos amis' [beau "Wace est loin d'avoir transcrit les les aidSrent doux ami] Perceval le Gallois, ^940-1. noms de tous seigneurs qui le Due Guillaume dans son expedition." In line 30935 we have 'Percheval li Galois.' Several de Percys occur in our i3th-cent. Hundred -Rolls. Potvin took it for granted that the The Perse owt of Northombarlande, French romance was based on the Welsh And a vowe to God mayd he. ' ,' and remarks (1. 356) that it is Chevy Chase, I. 1-2. not known when or how the Welsh name Peredur 01 the Breton Peronik 'was trans- PERCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname fronj the Perch, so called from its dark spots [Fr. lated into Perceval ; whereas a later school thinks that 'Peredur' and others of the perche, i,a.t.perca, Gx.iripKri,^^ipK(vyos,iiark]

' Mabinogion ' were more likely adapta- PERDOE, V. Pardoe. tions of Old French romances. The PERDUE, V. Pardew. Breton Peronik is evid. the Freiich PSron, •: ' (Fr.-Lat.) Pilgrim, Little Peter,' with the common Bret. dim. PEREGRINE Traveller ; Foreigner, Stranger [Lat. suff. -ik ; and if Peredur is not Welsh (the j>eregrin-us ; name is not convincingly explainable in whence Span, peregrino and Fr. pdlerin that langiiage) one might have concluded (Sanctus Pere^rinus, bishop of Auxerre, d. that it, too, contained the French form of A.JD. 304, became in French Saint Pileriti] Peter (O.Fr. Pere, mod. Pierre), Wiih a under ante, Second element dur (Lat.,rfar-»5), ' hard,' ^l^pl^^jv. Parfett 'stern,' but for the fact that the name (Eng.) Bel. to Perham or Dweller occurs in the'Annales Cambriae,' A.D. PERHAM ; at the PEAR(-Tree)-ENCLOSURE pere 580, not to mention Geoffrey of Mon- lO.E. mouth's 'Hist. Brit.''(iii. 18, 'Vigenius et + ham(m] See Parham. Pereduru's') ; and Peredur: not improbably Represents a Latin Peredur-us [per-, intens. ^^°§-) ^^°^ °^ Park(e, q.v. -|- prefix edur-us, hard, jsevere] : cp. the pIrke} Roman name Per-tmax. (A,-Fr.-Lat.) Saucy, Pert [f. M.E. pef- — — ' — —— —— — —

72 Perkes Perryn

ken (of birds), topreen, M.E. perke, a perch; PERRIN "I the French Perin, Perrin = Pire,

N.Fr. perque, Fr. perche, Lat.pertica, a rod] PERREN J P^'re, Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the Ff. dim. suff. -in. Perke as a peacock. Spenser, Shepheards Calender: Feb. 1. 8. John Perin. Hund. Rolls. (A.-Gr.) a shortening of Perkin, q.v. Perin de la Montaine.— Morte d! X. xxxix. PERKES, V. Per-ks. Arthur,

PERKIN, a dim.otPere, Pier{s, etc., i.e. Peter", PERRING = Perrin (q.v.) with added -g. q.v. [E. dim. suff.-fe« = Flem. -ken ;O.L. Ger. -k-in'\ PERRINGS for Perrins/. Piers the Plowman is called alternative- ly Perkyn— PERRINS, Perrin's (Son): v. Perrin. Quod Perkyn the Plowman,

1 'By seint Peter of Rome PERRIS, Perry's (Son) : v. Perry. Piers Plowman, 3798-9. I the French Perron, Pierron= Perre, Dauncen he koude so wel and jolily, PERRON i.e. (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. That he was cleped Perkyn Revelour. Pierre, Peter -on [Lat. -on-is'] Chaucer, Gant. Tales, A 4370-1. ^ Perkyn the potter into the press past, Saint Pierre was sometimes familiarly And sayd, 'Randol the refe, a doghter invoked as Perron. thou ;hast, 2 for the French Du Perron = Of the Tyb the dere.'— Perron, i.e. Stone Steps, Rock, etc. ' The Turnament of Tottenham,' 21-3: Fr. pierre (O.Fr. perre, South. Fr. peira), tf. Vercy'sReliques. M. petra, a stone, rock ; with the dim. suff. -on] pIrk1sI}p^'^''''''^(s°°)- ' PERROT "I the French Perrot, Perrotte, ' I (Son) : v. PERKS Perk's Perk^ PEHROTT i Pierrot, PMt=Pire, Perr^, Pierre, 2 occ. a contr. ot Perkins, q.v. i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- the dim. suff. -ot.

PERMAIN, V. Pearmain. Robert Perot. Hund. Rolls. PERNEL y ^^'^"®"'p„„„-,| PERRY (Eng.) Dweller by a Pear-Tree PERNELLj • \M.K. perye, pirie, pyrie, O.E. pirige] The mod. French peronnelle = hussy, gossip, chatterer. Richard de la Pirie. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. PEROT, V. Perrott, Parpott. William atte Perye. PEROWNE, an Anglicized form of i the Close Rolls, A.D. 1352. French Peron = Pire, i.e. Peter (q.v.) -|- Pyries and plum trees the Fr. dim. suff. -on [Lat. -o»-w] Were puffed to the erthe. William Peron. Hund. Rolls. Piers Plowman, 2503-4.

2 the French Perron : v. Perron. And thus I lete hym sitte upon t]xe pyrie. Bishop Perowne, who died in 1904, was AndJanuarie and May romynge myrie. a descendant of one of the French Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 2217-8. over after rfefugees who came the Relo- (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) i i. the French Perre, cation of the Edict of Nantes. Pierre, i.e. Peter (q.V.) -1- the E. dim. suff. -y. PERRATT 1 the French Pdret, Perret, Perreite, Pierre, PERRET \ Pierrat, Pierret=Pire,Perre, 2 the French Perr^, Du Perri = Of the PERRETTj i.e. Peter (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. Stony Place [Fr. perri, a der. of perre, suff. -et, -at. pierre, a stone, rock; Lat. petra] p|RmE^}'''«'"'y- PERRYER, V. Perrier.

PERRIER, the French Pefrier= \ Stone- PERRYMAN i Perry's Man (-Servant) : v. cutter [Fr. pierre (O.Fr. perre. South. Fr. Perry (A.-Fr.) peird), Lat. petra, a stone, rock -|- the Fr. agent, suff. -ier, Lat. -ari-tis\ Robertus Perysnian. Yorks Poll-Tax, h.T>. 1379. 2 Dweller by a Pear-Tree [Fr. poirier 2 Pear-Tree Man (Dweller at (ewcWer peirier) ; t. poire {peire, Span, and the Ital. pera), L^t. pii;um, a. pear {piriis, a Pear-Tree(s) : v. Perry (Eng.) pear-tree), with the agent, suff. -ier, Lat. -ari-us} PERRYN = Perrin, q.v. — ——— —

73 Pershore Pettingle

PERSHORE (Eng.) Bel. to Pershore (Wore), And to Symount he putte name Petre.—r the A.-Sax. Perscora, Perscore (obi. Per- do. do. (Wiclif).

, . scoran) = (prob ) the '— , Pear-Plot [O.E. pere, ' ? Qy la ' quod he. ' Peter ! it am I. a pear + scora, a division of land (cp. O.E. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 1404. land-scoru, a piece of land) : f. the p.p. of O.E. PETERKEN 1 = Peter (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. sciemn, to cut ofl ; hence scierian, to PETERKIN fsuflf. -kin = DvLt.-kin = Flem. allot] -ken [O.L.Ger. -k-in] The ' Nat, Gaz.' alludes to the " numer-

ous pear-tree.s which grew in the vicinity." PETERMAN = Peter's Man (-Servant) : v. Peter. PERSHOUSE, V. Purshouse. PETERS, Peter's (Son) \ ^' *^^^^'^- PERSOLL, V. Pearsall. PETERSON, Peter's Son (

PERT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Saucy; earlier, Ready, PETERSEN, the Scand. form of Peterson, Skilful [M.E. pert, apert, O.Fr. a{s)pert, q.v. hat. expert-us] PETHER, a West. Eng. and Corn, form of PERTH (Celt.) Bel. to Perth, 12th cent. Pert, Peter, q.v. Perth = (prob.) the Thorn-Brake; PETHERICK = Pether (Peter), q.v. the Thicket [Pict. cognate of Wei. perth] + Corn. dini. sufi. -ik.

PESCOD 1 PETHERIDGE, a palatal form of Petherick, PESCOTT \ V. Peascod. q.v. PESKETT J PETIFER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Iron-Foot (a nick- PESSONER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Fishmonger [f. name) [A.-Fr. pedefer, Fr. pied de fer — O.Fr. (loth cent.) (Ft. pescion poisson), a Lat. pes, pedis, foot ; de, of; ferr-um, iron] fish; 'Lat.piscio, onis—piscis, a fish; with William Pedefer.^C&i« Rolls. . the Fr. agent, guff, -er, Lat. -ar-is]

Wilham le Pessoner. Hund. Rolls. PETI T "1 (A.-Fr.) Little [M.E. petit (E. petty), PETITTTT Fr. petit perh. t. the Gaul, cognate J ; Poissormier is not an uncommon French of Wei. surname. pid, a point] Hamo le Petit.'—.Hmk^. RoUs,K.V). 1274. PESTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Baker, Pastry-Cook Robert Petit.—ia«c. Fines, A.D. 1332. \O.Fr. pestre, Lat. pistor'\ Richard' le Pester. PETKEN \ double dims, of Peter, q.v. [E. PETKIN / dim. suff. -kin = Dut. -kin = Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Flem. ken : O.L.Ger. -k-in\ Geoffrey le Pestur. a M.E. Fr. ' and of Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284. PETRE, form Peter, q.v.

Pistor was a surname given to Jupiter PETRIE I the French Pe>^ = {a) the genit.,

by the Romans from a well-known siege Petri, of Lat. Petrus : v. Peter. incident. (J) for the Breton Petrig, a dim. oi Petr: v. Peter [Bret. dim. suff. PETCH, v. Peach. -ig\ 2 a Scot. dim. of Peter (q.v.) [N.E. and PETER (A.-Lat.-Gr.) Stone, Rock [Lat. Scot. dim. suff. -j>] Petrus, Gr. IlA-pos—tt^t/jos, a piece of rock, PETT (Eng.) Bel. to Pett (Sussex), a stone; Tr4tpa (whence 'LsA.petra, a stone), a M.E. form of Pit /ijY, a rock, crag] , [M.E. O.E. />;//] Carolus de Pette.—//i<»rf. .ffo/b. And ic secge ^€, {>aet ffi eart Petrus, and ofer fysne stan ic getimbrige mine Pett is situated on low, watery ground. cyricean. (A.-Fr.) Pet : v. Peat'. 5f. Ma«Aei«, xvi. 18 (A.-Sax. version). PETTAFER1 . „ ... And I seye to thee that thou art Petir, PETTAFORJ^-P^t'^^^''- andonthisston I schal bilde mychirche. do. (Wiclif, do. 1380). PETTEE "I American forms of Petty, Petit, qv. And I saye also unto thee, that thou arte PETTEY ; Peter: and upon this rocke I wyll Bylde PETTENGELL my congregacion.— PETTENGILL do. do. (Tyndale, 1534). PETTINGELL corrupt forms of Portingale, And he nemde Simon Petrum.— PETTINGILL q.v. St. Mark, iii. 16 (A.-Sax. version). PETTINGLE 1 ; — — ; ' '

74 Pettepher Phelati

PETTEPHER, v. Petifer. O.E. sele (= O.Sax. selij, a hall, house. The pers. name, although doubtless PETTER, a form of Peter, q.v. Teutonic, is not A.-Saxon : it app. repre- sents a Cont. LowTGer. variant of the PETTERS, Fetter's (Son) 1 v. Petten, A.-Sax.' Pippen (v. Pippin, Pepin), with PETTERSON, Fetter's Son J Peter. medial p labio-dentalized to / (and then cp. (I>ah.-Norw. /iflu^) and PETTET , v): O.N./»rf/ PETTETT O.L.Ger. pdvos (M.Dut. paeves), pope I V. Petit. PETTIT while A.-Saxon pdpa (prob. ovving , to PETTITT earlier borrowing) has retained the p of Lat. papa: cp. also Fr. pawure jp.^r. 2 the Fi;ench Petet {also Petot) = Soft, povre) from Lat. pauper ; Ital. piva, a pipe, Delicate, Small-footed [v. under Peat' from Lat. /ij^fl ; and Peverell] and + the Fr. dim. suff. -et (and -oi\ PETTIFER PEVERALL \ the Norman Peverel (Latinized 1 PEVERELL] as Pz>««/ks), a form of the O. PETTI FOR U. Petifer. PETTIPHERJ Fr. Piperel (later Pipereau),v}\th medial p labio-dentalized to/ = :; : v. Pepperell PETTIGREW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Crane-Foot (a (Fr.) ; and Peever. nickname) [A.-Fr. pee de grue, foot of a WiUiam Peverel, to whom William L

crane—Lat. pes, pedis, a foot ; de, of grus the care of the castle which he j entrusted (abl. grue), a crane] built at Nottingham, is said, on very Pettigrew is therefore the same as the meagre ' authority, to have been an word ' pedigree,', which occurs in the illegitimate son of the Conqueror.

i5th-ceint, 'Promptorium Parvulorum ' as William Peverel. petygru, etc. Gf. Inq. bfServ., A.D. 1213.

PET(T)INGER, a (North.) form of Pottinger, Sir Hugh le Peverel, A.D. 1344. q.v. Blomefield, Hist- Norf. PEVERLEY (Eng.) Dweller at Fever's Lea PETTIT [v. under Peever ,and -|- M.E. ley, O.E. }" Petit. ; PETTITT ledh]

PETTIVER, V. Petifer. PEW, a contr. of the Wei. ap-Hew = Son of

Hew or Hugh : v. Hew', Hugh. [Wei. PET(T)iVIAN, a var. of Pitman, q.v. [M.E. ap, ab, son] pette, a pit] Cp. Pugli. PETTRIDGE(Eng.)Bel.to Fettridge (Kent), PEWTER, metpn. for Pewtrer, q.v. A.D. 747 Patlanhryge (JudX. charter), mid- loth-cent. = P.etla's Pcetlan-hrycg Ridge PEWTRER (A.-Fr.) Fewterer, i.e. Pewter- [A.-Sax. PcBtlan-, genit. of Pcetla + hrycg, Worker [M.E. pewtir, pewtyr, peutre a ridge] O.Fr. pe(a)utre, peltre, a kind of metal,

PETTY, a weak form of Petit, q.v. an alloy : app. conn, with E. spelter\

PETTYFER, v. Petifer. PEWTRESS, the fern, form of Pewtrer, q.v.

PETWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Fetworth (Sussex), PEYTON (Eng:) Bel. to Peyton : v. Payton. the Domesday Peteorde- If the Domes- normally an imit. form of • PHARAOH day-Book form had been the earliest I Farrow PHAROAH • (q.v.) ; rarely a borrovying of the found there would have been little Egyptian regal title difficulty in concluding that Fetworth PHARO J i^araoft [cp., O.Egyptian 'great was Pseta's orPeata's Pr-o, (or royal) house'] Estate ; but there seems to be no doubt that the place is " In the New Kingdom it [Pr-'o\ became that referred to in a late-8th-cent. Latin at once personal, and was soon a common charter of Aldwulf, Ealdorman of the term for the king .... documents exist

South Saxons ('dux Stl]>-Saxonum' ), naming the Pr-'oNJiw, the exact equiva-

' as Peartingawyrth = Vae Estate of the lent of Pharaoh-Nechp ' .... In Old

Peart- Family [v. under Partington Coptic ( of the 2nd cent. A-D;) the and -f O.E. wur^, weor^, enclosure, farm, descendant of Pr-'o is simply Pero, ' the estate] king.' "—Bible Diet., ed. Hastings, iii. 819. Bel to Pevensey, nth cent. PEVENSEY. PHEASANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname and Pefenisea, A.D. ai)d 960, 857, 790 Pevenisel, sign-name from the bird so called [M.E. A.D. '788 Pevenesel [The earliest forms dis- fesa(u)nt, Fr.faisan, Latphasiam] pose of the river (O.E. ed) theory, and ip all probability the second element is the PHELAN for O'Phelan, q.v. ——

75 Phelip Picard

the Fr. PHELIP \ forms (chiefly West. Eng.) of Philip, PHiLL6T(T, adim. of Plilllp (q.V:), +

suff. ' . PHELP J q.v. dim. -ot.

king Phelip of France.— ' PHiLLOT(T)S, Phillot(t)'s (Son).

Roh. Glouc. Chron. : Wm. Conq., 493 (7786). PHiLLP, like Phiip, for Philip, q.v. PHELIPS PHELPS |phel(i)p's (Son), PHILLPOT PHILLPOTT = Philip (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. PHETHIAN, V. Phythian. PHILPOT suff. -ot. PHILPOTT PHEYSEY, usually for Faoey (q.v.); rarely for Philippot and Philippet are common Vasey (q.v.) French surnames. PHIBB, a dim. of Phil(e)bert, q.v. PHILLPOTTS, Phillpot(t)'s (Son): v.

PHiBBS I Phibb's (Son). Phillpot(t. 2 for Phipps, q.v. PHILP for Philip, q.v.

PHILBERT I French forms of the O.Ger. PHILPIN = Philip (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. ' PHILEBERTiFi'W&^rt = Very or Greatly -in. ' Illustrious or Nobi,e [v. under Filmer, and + O.Sax. herht, O.H.Ger. beraht = PHILPS, PiilLP's (Son): v. Phiip, Philip. O.E. be(o)rht = Goth, bairht-s = O.N. : of Philip, I LSON, Phil's Son Phil, a diml biart-r,^it.) bright, glorious, illustrious,etc.] PH

q-v. . , The O.German name was Latinized Philibertus. PHINNJ'-'^'""-

PHILBIN for Philpin, q.v. PHINNEY, V. Finney.

PHILBRiCK \ (East. Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to PHIPP, a dim. (assim.) form of Philip, q.v. PHILBRIGG iFelbrigg (Norf. : 13th cent. FeU bregge', i^ih cexiX. Fellbrigg); or Dweller at PHIPPtN \ =, Phipp (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. -««. a Drawbridge, [O.E. feall^ (f. fealtati, to PHIPPIN J suff. fall) = O.N.felli- fella, to fell, let fall) ((^ Phipp's (Son) O.East.E. brycg = O.N. bryggia, a PHIPPS, \ ,, di,i«,, Ph!ii« + j^- ^'^'PP' ^'^'''P- bridge (cp. Swed. fdllbro, a drawbridge] PHIP(P)SON,Phipp'sSon

PHILBYfor.Filby, q.v. PHIZACKERLEY for Fa;5aokerley, q.v. PHCENIX (Gr.) Dweller at the sign of the PHILCOCK, a dim. of Philip (q.v.) + the pet Phoenix \Lai. phmiix, Or.

PHYSICK, a corrupt iorm of Fishwick (q.v.), PHILCOX, Philcock's (Son) : v. Philcoclt. through the intermediate form Fishick PHILIBERT, V. Phiibert. (found in a i7th-cent. London Register).

i '. app. for Vivian, q.v. , PHYTHIAN, ^ PHILIP \ (A,-Lat.-Gr.) Horse-Lover [Lat.

I LI I Philippus, Gr. *£X«r5ros— Ipv- PH PP *a-os, PIATT, v. Pyett. PHILLIP ing ; iiTTTos, a horse] I PHILLIPP^ PICARD (Fr.) I Picardian i.e. one from Picardy, Fr. Picardie, a province-name of

PHILIPPS doubtful origin, but almost certainly f. PHILIPS Philip's (Son) Fv. pique {pic), a pike (v. Pick'), with the PHILLIPPS dim. suff. -ard. > PHILLIPS } \ V. Philip. The Soci6t6 des Antiquaires de Picardy, it appears, considers that PHILIPSON Pfcari denoted a I Philip's Son pike-man.; and it is surmised that PjcarffiV phillipson;*^"'"^^*™ j was famous for this class of soldier.

PHILKIN, a dim. of Philip (q.v.) + the E. dim. 2 = Pic{q (v. Pick) -|- the dim. suff.

suff. -kin. , -ar^ [Teut. hard, hard, brave]

PHILLIMORE, V. Fillmore. Stephen Picard. Ifund. Rolls, A.p. 1274. Rlcardus Picard. PHILLIS, for the French F4lice, Lat. Felicia Yorks A.D. (M.Lat. iorm also Felisia), a fem. form of Poll-Tax, 1379. Felix, q.V. Cp. Pichard. —— — — —

76 Pichard Pickup

PICHARD, a palatal form of Picard, q.v. Sabina Pikefel.—/f««rf. Rolls. Roger Pichard. Hund. Rolls. 2 for Peakrel, an old dim. name for a native of the Peak District, the A.-Sax. See the note under Pitcher. PSac-land. PICK (Fr.) the French Pic, Pkq, Picque ^ PICKERING (North.) Bel. to Pickering (N. I the (weapon) [Fr. , a nickname from Pike Yorks), 13th cent. Pikering, app. = PiKER's pique, a pike, spear ; the same word as Meadow [O.N. eng (Anglicized ing), a pic, a .pick, and Ital. piccd, a pike; also meadow] ; but Canon Taylor, who re- O.E. pic, a pike : cp. Lat. pic-us a wood- sided in the vicinity, says ('Names and pecker] their Hist./ p. 222), that Pickedng Lythe 2 a nickname from the Wooppecker was "the lythe or district of the Pikerings, \¥x. pic, l^si. pic^us] the 'men of the Pikes' or Peaks of the Picus (mod. Pico) was an old Italian Tfiobrs, at the foot of which lies the town deity who, according to the legend, was of Pickering." changed by Circe into a woodpecker. WiUiam de Pikering (Yorks). A.D. 3 Dweller at a Peak, Pointed Hill Hund. Rolls, 1274. [Fr. piciq} Hugh de Pikeryng. Hugh Pick.—Hund. Rolls. Lane. Fines, A.D. i3io_ Walter Pik.— do. PICKERSGILL (Scand.) Bel. to Pickersgill = Piker's Ravine [O.N. gil, a ravine] (Eng.) I a weak form of Peak(e, q.v.

Ralph del Pikke. Plac. de Quo Warr. PICKET \ the Frencli Pi(c)quet, Picot = Pic, 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Pic, Pice PICKETT/ P/cj (v. Pick) + the dim. Suff. [hardly O.^. pic (n.), pitch (North. ^i(c)4: -et,.-ot. it must therefore be a weak form of O.E. Picot occurs in Domesday Book, and

pic (m.), a pike] Piket in the Hundred Rolls. . PICKANCE I for Pickens, q.v. PICKFORD (Eng.) Dweller at i the Ford by 2 a contr. of Piokavance, q.v. the Pick or Peak [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e; PICKARD, V. Picard. and + M.E. O.^.ford] 2 a Pig-Ford [v. under Pigg] PICKAVANCE \ (A.-Fr.) i Spur Forward! (a

V. : the PICKAVANT J nickname) [f. Fr. piquer, to 3 Pitchford Shropshire place of this name also prick, spur ; avant, forward] was called Pic{k)ford in the 13th cent. Cp. William Prikeavant. Hund. Rolls. (occ, later) 2 With a PeaIced Beard, PICKIN, V. under Picken. such as was fashionable in the Shake- PICKLE (Eng.) Bel. to Pickhill (Yorks, spearean period [LateA.-Fr. pickedeva{u)nt, etc.) = I the Peak-Hill [v. Pick (Engr), lit. ' Peak(e; Fr. pique-devant, peak in front '] and -f- O.E. hylt\ Pickavance is prob. really for the genit. 2 the Pig-Hill form (Pickavants) of Pickavant. [v. under Pigg]

PICKLES, genit., and pi, of Pickle, q.v. ' PICKBURN (Eng.) Dweller at the Pig-Brook

[v. under Pigg, and -f- M.E. ium{e. O.E. In Yorkshire, the surnames Pickles and burne] Pighills seem to have been interchange- able. PICKEN 1 for the French Pi(c)quin, Picon = PICKI N ; Pic{q (v. Pick) -1- the dim. suff. -in, PICKMAN, V. Pikeman. -on. In the Plac. de quo Warranto, A.D. 1292, the same individual is referred to as Pikman PICKENS, PiCKEN's (Son) : v. Picken. and Pikeman.

PICKER I = Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, q.v. -f the PICKMERE (Eng.) Dweller at i the agent. SufF. -er. Lake by the Pick or I^eak [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, Cp. Pecker. and -I- M.E. O.E. mere, a lake] 2 the Picker, Gatherer. 2 the Pig-Lake [v. under Pigg] PICKERDITE, doubtless a corrupt form of PICKOP l (Eng.) Dweller at i the Pick or Bickerdike = Bi(c)ker's Dike [v. under PICKUP J Peak Hope or Hill-Recess [v. Biokersteth, and -)- O.N. diki, O.E. die] Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, and Hope] 2 the Pig-Hope [v. under Pigg] PICKERELL ) I the French Piquerel, a double dim. f. Pic(q. v. Pick.. There is a PICKERILL i Pickup near Whalley , Lanes. : — —

77 Pickrell plgg

PICKRELL for Piokerell, q.v. PIDDUCK, app. f. the stem seen under Pidd- ipgton; with the O.E. dim. suff. -«c. PICKSUEY, V. Pixley. (and si^n- PIDGEON \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname at i or the Pigeon \tr. pigeon, PICKSTOCK (Eng.) Dweller the PiCK Pl DG I N 1 name) from Peak Place [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, and O.Fr. pipjon, Lat. pipio, -onis, a pigeon] M.E. stock, 0.^.'st6c\ + PIDGLEY for Pidsley, q.v. 2 the Pig-Place (Piggery) [v. under Pigg] PIDSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pidsley (Devon), A.D. 930 Pideres-ledh = Pid(h)ere's Lea. PICKTHALL. Bel. to Pic(l£)thall (ace. to Bards- ley, near Ulverston, Lanes) [the second PIEL, V. Peel.

element is app, O.E. j^ell, a plank (-way) PIER, the F^pnch Pierre, Lat. Petr-us: v. Peter. the first element may be for pig (v. under Pigg hardly foTpick == peak} ; PIERCE, V. Piers.

PICKWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Piekwell ; or Dwel- PIERCEYl I = Pierce, Piers (q.v.) -I- the E. ler at I the Pig-Spring (spring frequented /dim. suff. by swine) [v. under Pigg, and -(- M.E. PIERCY ->. welle, Q.E. iv{i)ella\ 2 var. of Percy, q.v. 2 Pic(c)a's Spring.! PIERMAN, V. Pearman. or PICKWICK (Eng.) Dweller at i the Pick PIERPOINT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel.toPierrepont Peak Place [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, and PIERPONT (N. France) ; or Dweller at + M.E. wick, O.E. wlc] PIERREPONTJ the Stone Bridge [Fr./>i«r«, 2 the Pig-Place (Piggery, or Swine- Lat. petra (Gr. Ttirpa), stone -1- Fr. pont, (market)place) [v. under Pigg] Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge] fhe form Pikewike occurs in the Wilts This name was Latinized in our records is Hundred Rolls (there is a Pickwick near de Petra Ponte ; and in the 13th cent, Corsham, Wilts), Bykewyk in a Somerset usually Perpont, Perpunt. Subsidy-Roll A.D. 1327, and Pikwik in a There are villages called Pierrepont in i7th-cent. Yorkshire Register. the Depts. Calvados and Somme.

PICKWORTH (Eng.) Bel to Pickworth (Lines, PIERS, an A.-Fr. f6rm of Petrus : v. Peter. Rutl., etc.) = I Pic(c)a's Estate or Farm Piers Emerik. Pari. Rolls. [O.E. worYl 2 the Estate of the ' Picc- Family Piers Gaveston.the favourite of Edward [A.-Sax. Piccinga-worlp — -inga-, genit. pi. IL, came of a Guienne family. of the fil. guff. -!«^] At heigh prime Piers Leet the plowgh stonde. 3 the Pick or PeakFarm [v. Pick (Eng.), Peak(e, and + O.E. wotf] Piers Plowman, 4020-1. PIERSE, V. Piers. Pickworth, Lines, was Pickewurth, Pyhe-

wurth, Pik{e)worth in the 13th cent. PIERSON, Pier's, or Piers', Son : v. Pier, Piers. PICTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pic(k)ton(Flint, Yorks, PIETT, V. Pyett. Chesh., etc.) = i Pic(c)a's Estate [O.E. tun\ PIGG (Scand.) a nickname and sign-name the or Peak Farm [v. Pick(Eng.), 2 Pick from the Pig [M.E. pig(ge must represent Peak(e, and -|- O.E. tun\ Dan.-Norw. pige-smn, s. youtig female Picton, Flintshire, was Picton, Pycton, swrine (cp. Dan.-Norw. pigeVctrn, a female and Peketon in the 13th cent. child)—/'!^e= Swed./i!^a= O.N. ^zfta, agirl: note the corresp. Low Ger. bigge, a pig, a the 13th cent, as Pittcok PIDCOCK, foundin little child, and Out. big, bigge (f.), a young is prob. f. a descendant of the fairly com- female pig (we find the form with p- voiced or Peot(t, mon A.-Sax. pers. name Piat, to b- in this country in the 17th cent.: "In also with the E. pet suff. -cock; but see English we call a young Swine a bigg."— under Piddingtpn. R. Holme, 'Armoury'; N.E.D.) In common usage -ii)!« (-swine) was dropped, as it was PIDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Piddington=the in the'ease of /io^-: v.'Hogg. The first three Estate of the Pida or Pvda Family words of Dr. Johnson's definition of a pig [A.-Sax. *Pid- or *Pydinga-tiin — -inia, —'a young sow or boar' — contain the genit. pi. of thefil. suff. -ing'-\- tun, estate,

' original meaning of thp word] ' , etcv] The Oxfordshire Piddington was Piding- This surname is found in the Hundred as I ton in the 13th cent, RoWs Pig and Pigge. — '

78 Piggin PiUsworth

PIGGIN is found in the 14th cent, as PickynK Bel. Pilkington PILKINGTON (Eng.) to , V. Pickin, Pioken. (L^ncs), A.H. 1212 PilMntoii, i2ifi Pilkiiig- ton, 1319 Pylkyngton; A.-Sax. *Pilocinga-tun •! I tlje French PIGGOT Pigot, Pigat, Piguet, = the EsTATfe of the Piloc Family [the PIGGOTT denoted individuals whose faces pers. name is prob. the O.E. pil (Lat. ptl- were spotted or pitted [f. O.Fr. PIGOT um), a spike, dart, with the dim. suff. -oc PIGOTT J pigue, pockmarked, freckled, etc., {-uc) + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing with dim. suif. -ot, -at, -ei] -1- <««, estate, manor, etc.]

2 for Picot : v. under Pieket(t. Lieut.-Col. Pilkington, F.S.A., of Liver- I^got occurs ill Leland's supposed copy pool, has written much on his ancestry, of the Roll of Battle Abbey ; Pigot in including a 'History of the Pilkington Hohnshed's is the copy ; and Pigot usual Family audits Branches, 1066-1600' (1912). form in the Hundred-Rolls. He notes that "James Pilkington (who A ii5th-cent. Thomas Pygot, of Norfolk, became Bishop of Durham), in 1559 when was also known as Picot. Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, signed his name 'Ja: Pilkinton,' whilst in PIGHILLS, V. under Pickles. ' his will of i 57 1 he wrote '/a: Pilkington r the bishop's brother Leonard, who suc- ceeded him as Master of the College, sighed 'Leo. Pylkyngton,' and in his will of

' I at 1 598, Leonarde Pilkington." PIKE (EngO Dweller a Pointed Hill ; also a Pointed Piece of Land, a Gore PILL I the Dial. E. pill, a form of 0,E. pul, a [M.E.pike; O.E. pic, a point, pike] pool: V. Pool (e [v. under Pilton"] 2 a nickname from the vyeapon, also the 2 a weak form of Peel, q.v. fish, so called [same etymology] Dweller at a PILLEY (Eng.)Bel.toPiUey(Yorks: 14th cent. , , 3 Turnpike [same etymo-

logy] Pillay ; Hants, etc.) {M.E. ley, lay, O.E. ,ledh, a meadow: the $rst element may be See Peak(e and Pick. the Dial. E.pill, a pool, or O.E. ^^/, astake, PIKEMAN (EngO I PIke-Soldier [M.E. pike, or the A,-Sax. pers. name Pila]

a weapop ; O.E. pic, a point, pike + man] PILLIN "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pilling (Lanes), A.D. 2 Turnpike-Keeper. PILLING J 1671 Pittin, i6th cent. Pylyn, Pilyn, [It The cheery toot of the guard's horn to, PilliMg, i2';oPylin isuncertain whether warn some drowsy pikeman.— the -g in PUling is original. If it is, the represent Tom Brown's School-Days, I. iv. name may an A.-Sax. *Pilingas (dat. *Pilingum), '(the Estate of the) Pil- 3 = Pike' (q.v.) -|- man. ' Family'; or the -ing may be the O.N.E.

' PIKESLEY, V. Pixley. -ing (O.N, eng), a meadow, the first ele-

ment being Dial. E. pill a pool ; or the

PIUCH, meton. for a pilch-maker : v Pilcher. second element may really be N.E. ling (O.N. lyng), heath. But if — as seems (A.-Lat.) or PILCHER Pilch Maker Dealer not unlikely — the -g here is excrescent, \M.E.pilchei'e,pylchere;, f. M.E.pilche, pylche, -lyn or -lin may be the N.E. /(«, a pool, and a fur garment ; O.E.pyl(e)ce, Lat. pellicea] , pilhs O.E. pil, a stake (there is, or was,

' a large moss at Pilling ; also noted fence- PILDITCH (Eng.) Dweller at a Pooi-DiTCH dikes [Dial. E. pill, a weak fotm of O.E. pul, a ']

pool ; O.E. die, a ditch, dike] PILLINGTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Pillington, 14th cent. (Yorks) Pyllyngton, A.-Sax. *Pilinga- PILE (A.-Lat.) Dweller at a Small Tower tiin = the Estate of tiIe Pii^ Family [M.E.j»j7e; O.E.pil, Lat. pila, a pillar] [the pers. name is prob. f. O.E. pil, a dart Richard atte Pile. 4- -inga,gemt.^\.oi the fil. snS.-ing + Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. tAn, estate, etc.] Swinburne, a little castle or pile.— 2 There may have been some confusiod Holland, Camden; T.L.O. Davies, p. 493. with Billington, q.v. Cp. Peel(e.

PILLMAN = Pill (q.y.) -f- man. PILGRAMl(A.-Fr.-Lat. ). Pilgrim [O.Fr.

PILGRIM i pelegrin; Lut. peregrin-us, a stran- PI LLSBU RY (Eng.) Bel. to Pil'sbUrV (Derby), ger] \ PILSBURY JA.-Sax. *Pilesburh =-PIl(e)'s The modern French form, PUerin (also Stronghold [O.E. burh, a fortified place] meaning a hypocrite), is found in our

' Huhdred-RoUs. PILLSWORTH, V. Pilsworth. ; — —' ,

79 Pilsdod Pinke

PI LS DON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilsdon, form. Pillesdon PINCHBACKI ('Scand. ) Bel. to Pinchbeck (Dorset) = P£l(e)'s Hill [O.E. din, a pinchbeck]; (Lines), 13th cent Pincebe{c)k, ' hill] A.D.,966 Pineebek, A.D. 810 Pmcebek = PiNCE's or PiNSE's Beck [v. under Near this village is Pilsdon Pen Hill Pinch, and + O.N. bekk-r, a brpok] (930 ft.): if (as in all probability |s the case) the Pen is the Wei, pen, a hill, we have in Swedish borrowej^ E. (pinchbeck,' the this name three separate words denoting metal, in the form pinsback.

, a height. Note that 'pinchback' was formerly used

to denote a niiser ; more' specifically, one PILSON, prob. for Pilsdon, q.v. who denied himself proper clothes [E. pinch and back} PILSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Pilsworth (Lanes) = Pi'l(k)'s Farmstead [O.E. a)or}>, farm, PINCHES, Pinch's (Son) : v. Pinch. messuage] The 'ancient hamlet' of Pilsworth PINCH IN \ I = Pinch (q,v.) -f the Fr. dim. -'«• formed part of the fee held by Roger de PINCHING J suff- Midelton, A.D. 1212. 2 for Pinchon, q.v. PILTER, a var. of Pelliter, q.v. PINCHON, the North. Fr. form of Fi.pinson = the Finch [like Ital. pincione, a chaffinch, PILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pilton (Soms. ; Devon allied to O.H.Ger. fincho and O.E. fine, Northants Rutland, etc.) = i the ; Pool finch] Enclosure or Farm [a weak form of

p.E. piil, a pool + tiin : a variant render- Janet, Janotlmais quel oysel [oiseau] ing of the boundaries specified in a Somer- es-tu? setshire charter of Ini, king of Wessex ^s-iVL pinchon, linot, merle, ou cahu? (' Cart. Sax.' No. 112), has pil where the Anc. Chans. Norm.; Moisy. charter printed in full has put\ PINCKNEY, V, Pinkney. 2 the StAKE-ENCLOsuRE [O.E. pil, a stake, pile t&n\ + = >°""''en,q.v. 3 Pila's Farm or, Estate. p'i:S^^} Walter le Pinder. Hund. Rolls. , Pilton, Somerset, occurs in an eighth- century Latin charter ('Cart. Sax.' No. 142) ' The Pindar (or Pinder) of Wakefield as Piltun, and in another form of the same (Georg^ a Green) is the subject of one of charter as Hft«« and PoaftoM. The Devon- the Robin Hood ballads. in shire Pilton was Pilton Ijie 13th cent. She doth not only think of lusty Robin Hood, PI M \ (Teut.) f. the O.Teut. pers. name Pimo, But of his meriryman, the Pindar dl \.\is PIMM Pymma, the latter being the name of J Town a loth-cent. abbot mentioned in the 'Lib. Of Wakefield, George a Greene.^ Vit.lEccl. Dunelm.' [orig. uncertain, but not improbably a dim. form of the O.Teut. Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxviii, 70-2. iif»6^A/(found in France to-day asHmJert), PINE (A.-Lat.) Dweller at a PiNE(-Tree) [O.E. Pinbald, etc.] pin(-treow), Lat. pin-usi Pimme is a common form in the 13th- cerit. Hundred-Rolls ; Pym, Pyme, and PINER = Pine (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er. Pymme occur in the 14th cent. PINERO, an altered form of the Portug. PIMBLETTx Pinhdiro = a Pine-Tree [f. Lai. pin-us]

PIMBLOTT = Pirn (q.v.) -f- the Fr. double PINFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at a Cattle-Pound PI M LETT. dim. suH. -el-et, -el-ot. [f. M.E. pinnen, pennen, O.E. pennian, to PIMLOTT . ' pen + M.E. fold, O.E. fald, a. fold] Pimelet, Pimelot, are now rare in France; I for but forms with a single dim- suff., e.g. PINGEON Pinchon, q.v. Pim{b)el, Pimet, are fairly common. 2 for Pidgeon, q.v. The medial b sometimes occurring in this PINGSTON, V. PInxton. name is the common post-»i labial intrusion. PINK ]. I a nickname from the Chaffinch PINKEJ [Dial E./»««fe: cp.V^eX. pine, a finqh; prob. represents the Dan.-Norw. Pinse PINCH gay, fine] = Pentecost, q.v. ' : Pink chaffinch ; pinkfodted goose.' PINCHARD = Pinch (q.v.) -h the Fr. dim. S. Willcox, Local Names of Brit. Birds, snf{. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard, brave] p. 31- — : — ; ——

8d Pinkerton Pinyotl

2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Pinca, Pincik PINNER (Eng.) I for Plnder = Poundep.q.v. latter form in Pinckesbrugg, (we find the O yonder stands my steed so free Somersetshire charter A.D, occurring in a Among the cocks of hay, Sir [O.E. pinca, pynca, m., a point] 936) And if the pinner chance to see. PINKERTON. A doubtful name. Lower('Pa- He'll take my steed away, Sir. tronymica Brit.') says HiiAPynkertonoccwrs 'The Baffled Knight,' 17-20: Percy's Reliques. Roll, A.D. and that it in the Ragman 1296, 2 Pin Maker or Dealer [M.E. pynner, is a corrupt form of Punchardon, which is pinner; f. M.E. pinne, O.E. pinn, a pin, peg] found, by the way, in the Yorkshire and glasyers. Devonshire Hundred-Rolls. This is not JPywK^-j, nedelers, and very likely. Punchardon evid. represents the Cocke Lorelles Bote, Percy Soc, vol. vi. Orne place-name Pontchardon [Fr. pont, 3 Bel. to Pinner (M'sex). bridge; chardon, thistle, spike]. In my Pinner is supposed to derive its name opinion, Pinkerton is an obscure Or lost from the little river Pin, in which case ' Scottish enclosure-name, the pers. name -er would represent O.E. ora, a bank, perhaps being the French Pingdrd, if not shore; but more likely the stream-name the A.-Sax. Pinca. If, however, the -ton is has been 'invented' from the village- not the M.E. -ton, tun, 'an enclosure, the name. name may represent—with intruded -r- — the French Pingueton, a double dim. pers. name f. Lat. pingu-is, tat. PIN NICK I Dweller at a Pine-Grove [Bret, pineg Corn, plen. suff.] PINKNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pinkney (Norfolk: eg (= -ek), 13th cent. Wilts, etc.) = (prob.) 2 for Pinkeney ; Pinnock, q.v. Pinca's Island or Riparian Land [A.-Sax. *Pincan-ig — Pincan-, genit. of PINNIGER 1 Pinca. (Q.'E. pinca, ra., a point), -|-(g-, island, PINNEGAR forms of Pennager, q.v. waterside] PINNIGAR J

PINKS, Pink's (Son) : v. Pink. V. PlNKSTON(E, v. Pinxton. PINNINGTON, Pennington.

PINN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Le) Pin (Normandy, PINNION (Celt.) for the Wei. Ap-Einion = etc.) = the Pine (-Tree) [Fr. pin, Lat. SonofEinion:v. En(n)ion [Wei. a/'jSon], pin-US, pine-tree] (Le) Pin is a common French place- PIN NOCK (EngAi a nickname from theHEDGE- name. Sparrow [M.E. and Dial. E. pinnoc{k; (Eng.) the somewhat rare A.-Sax. pers. pin(n for pen, a feather, wing (Lat. penna) name Pinn(a [O.E. pinn, pin, peg, pen + the dim. suff. -ocfk] (Lat. penna]: cp. Pinnell (Eng.) Richard Pinnoc.^-/fMK

('bois de pins'). the Finch [Fr. pinson, L.Lat. pinsio : v. Roger Pinel. Hund. Rolls. under Pinohon]

2 (occ) Pin(n)'s : John Pinel.-^ do. Son v. Pinn. (Eng.) (rarely) the A.-Sax. Pinnel, found PINTO, v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. in a charter A.D. 796 relating to land at Pinnelesfeld (supp. Pinchfield, Rickmans- PINXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pinxton (Derby) = worth). As this charter is headed Pynnes- PiNc's Estate [A.-Sax. Pincl,k)es-ttin : v. feld, Pinnel is evid. merely a dim. of Pinn under Pink(e',and-f-O.E. iii», estate, etc.] V. Pinn (Eng.) Pinnell is occ. for Pennell, q.v. PINYON, V, Pinnion. — — — —

8i Pipe Pittman

PIPE I a pers. name (found as a man's name Pichard and also IHchar, and that of his —Pipe—in Domesday Book) f. the stem wife as Pycharde. The name of a Royalist seen under Pepin (the A.-Sax. pipe, a major who was shot in London in 1648 is musical instrument (pipe), is a fem. noun). entered in the Parliamentary journals as proceedings of the John Pype. William Picard; in the trial as William Pitcher. Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327.

2 Bel. to Pipe (Hereford : Domesday PITCHFORD r (Eng.) Bel. to Pitchford (Sal-

Staffs : or op), 13th cent. Picheford, also Pipe ; 12th cent. Pipe, Pype) ; PITCHFORTH J Dweller by a Pipe or Aqueduct [M.E. Picford \the place is said to owe the first pipe, pype, O.K.pipel element of its name to a pitchy oil-well there — O.E. pic, pitch ford\ Lichfield has for centuries received its + water by piping from springs at Pipe Cp. PIckford. (Staffs). PITHER, V. Pether. PIPER (Eng. andSca.nd.) PiPER[M.E./i>r/ie/-(«, the Pit-House piper{e, OS,, pipere = O.N. />!>««] PITHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at (House by the Pit) LO.E. pyt{t + husi Richard le Pipere. Pari. Writs. There is a place called Pit Houses in Plpere an A.-Sax. pers. name, as we. was Northumberland; and a Pitthouse is men- see from a charter of Nunna, king of the tioned in a lyth-cent. Dorsetshire Visita- South Saxonsi granting land it PiperAnges. tion.

PlPplTT}'P«PP«t(t- PITKE(A)THLY (Celt.) Bel. to Pitkeathly or Pitcaithly (Perth) [the first element is the Pipet is now a somewhat rare surname Pict. pett, a croft, piece of land (v, under

in France. Pitcairn) ; the second has been referred to the Gael, caithleach, husks, chaff (doubt- PIPPIN, V. Peppin, Pepin. ful] William Pippin.—flawd. Rolls. PITKIN, a dim. of Peter (q.v.), with the E. PIRIE TfEng.) Dweller by a Pear -Tree dim. sufl. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-iii] PIRRIE J {M.E. pirie,pyrie, O.E. pirige, *purige'\ Prob. in many cases for the Dutch Piries [some MSS. pyries'\ andplUmtrees Pietlan. Were puffed to the erthe. (Eng.) Dweller at a Pit [O.E. Piirs Plowman, 2503-4. PITMAN pyt + man] PIRT, V. Pert. PITNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pitney (Soms.) = PITCAIRN (Celt.) Bel. toPitcairn (Perthshire), Pix(t)a's Waterside [ prob. A.-Sax. 13th cent. 7= the Cairn-Croft Peticarne Pit{t)anig — Pit{t)an-, genit. of Pit{t)a + ig, [Pict. pett, a croft, piece of land- = Wei. island, waterside] and Corn, peth, a portion (several of the find the form Pittanig in a charter East. Scot. Pit- place-names were anc. We A.D. 963 (' Cart. Sax.,' 1118); but here it is Peth-) ; and Celt, cam, a cairn] a variant of the forms Peattahig and Pea- There are (or were) two cairns by tanig which occur earlier in the same Pitcairn. charter and seem to relate to Patney,Wilts.

PITCHARD, V. Pichapd. PITT (Eng.) I Dweller at a Pit [O.E. />;;<(< (Lat. pute-us] PITCHER (A.-Fr.) i the French Picher, Pichier, palatal forms oi pigu(i)er = Pike-Man [f. Robert in the Pyt.— Fr. pique, a pike, the same word as pic, a Pari. Writs, A.X>. 1300. pick, and lta.\. picca, a pike; also O.E. pic, Simon atte Pitte. pike : cp. Lat. pic-us, a woodpecker] fi Close Rolls, A..^. iZC,2. 2 for the French Pichard: v. Pichard. 2 (rarely) the A.-Sax. pers. name Pita. Colonel D. G. Pitcher, in his ' Notes on mentions a (q.v.) intrus. the Surname Pitcher' (1912), , PITTAWAY = Pittway with ' will ot the year 1551 in which the testator,. medial -a-. John PychardJ makes a bequest ,to his uncle William Pyteher, also referred to as PITTET Ivars. of Pettet, Pettit, q.v. Pilchard; while the testator's wife is Alice PITTIT Pyichard. In the Inq. P.M. held in the same year the testator's name appears as PITTMAN = Pitman, q.v. — — — — — —

82 Pitts Piatt

PITTS, genit., and pi., of Pitt, q.v. PLANT "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Planta- PLANTEJtion or Grove [Fr. plant; Lat. PITTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Pit-Way, planta, a tviig, graft] i.e. the way to or by the pit [O.E. pyt{t + weg\ Du Plant (Duplant) is not an uncommon French name. PIX, Pick's (Son) : v. Pick.

(Eng.) Bel. to Pixley (Heref.), 13th PIXLEY PLANTEROSE (A..Fr.-Lat.) Rose-Grovter cent. Pikesley = Pic's Lea [the pers. name [Fr. plante, he plants; f. Lat. planta, a is f. O.E. pk, a pike ledh a lea] + plant -j- Fr. rose, Lat. rosa, a rose] PIXTON (Eng.) I. Bel. to Pixton = Pic's John Plaunterose. Hund. Rolls. Estate [A.-Sax. *Pices-tiin\ An analagous French name is Plantevig- There is a Pixton Park in Somersetshire. neS| for a vine-grower. 2 for Pinxton, q.v. de Planterose occurs in the Paris Directory, PLACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Dweller at a Place, as if for an equiv. 'of the Rosebush.' i.e. a Hall or Country Mansion [Fr.

place, a place, town, square ; Lat. platea, (N.Eng. orScand.) Dweller at a Gr. TrXoTeid (iem. of irXaris, wide), a broad PLASKET ] street] PLASKETT \ SWAMEY Piece OF Land [N. and John atte Place. PLASKITT J East. Dial. E. plask, a shallow Subsidy Roll (Soms.); A.D. 1327. pool ; cp. O.E. plcesc = M.Dut. plasch (pron. plask), a puddle, and Dan.-Norw. In the 17th century the term 'place- plaske, to plash : -et(f app. represents O.E. house' was used to denote a country- hde/S = O.N. hei^^, Dan.-Norw. hede, a seat heath] ' I hate London ; our place-house in the in country is worth a thousand of 't.' The palatal form is seen the West. Wycherley, The Country Wife. Eng, ploshett, ' a swampy meadow.' Pfaskets, Northumberland, situated on PLACKETT, a nickname, with dim. suff. -e)t, the River North Tyne, is variantly Plaws- f. the French plaque, a patch, badge, etc. ketts and Plashetts. PLAICE, V. Place. PLASTER, an etymologically more correct PLAIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Plain or form than Plaister, q.v. Level [Fr. plain{e, a plain, lea, heath; Lat. plan-urn, a plain] PLASTO HEng.) Bel. to Plastow or Plai- Confused with Plane, q.v. PLASTOW / stow ( Surrey, Sussex, E^sex, Kent, etc) = the Playground, Athletic PLAISTED, V. Playstead. Grounds, Amphitheatre [O.E.ptegstdiv] PLAISTER (A.-Lat.-GrO for Plasterer [f. Nicholas de la Pleystowe. Hund. Rolls. / O.E. plaster = O.Fr. plaistre (Fr. pldtre), plaster; Lat. Gr; ^fi,ir\aa-Tp-oi>, a emplastr-um, PLATER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Plate-Maker [f. Fr. a plaster] plat, a dishi plate — plat, flat ; L.Lat.

PLAISTOW \ _ Di==+„,„ n „ platt-^s, flat ; cp. Gr. jrXaris, flat, wide] plaistowe)='^'^^**'*''1'^- 2 P'laiter, Folder [f. M.E.playte, O.Fr.

PLANE (A.-Fr,-Lat.) Dwe,ller at a Plane-Tree pleit/ a fold ; Lat. plicat-us, folded] [M.E. plane, Fr. plane^ platane, Lat. platan- Walter Playtur.—if««i. Rolls. us, Gr. ifK&Tav-oi, a plane-tree] Confused with Plain, q.v. PLATT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller on a Flat [Fr. i>/a<; V. under Plater] PLANK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at the Plank, i.e. over a watercourse or bog [N.Fr. Du Plat (Duplat) is now rather rare in planque (Fr. planche), Lat. planca'] France. Matilda de la Plank. Cal. Geneal. (Eng.) Dweller at a Plot of ground There is a place called Les Planques in ' [M.E. platft, app. f. O.E. plot, with the the Pas-de-Calais Dept. M.E. spelling influenced by Fr. plat] 2 the French pers. name Planque, Lat. Now therefore take and cast him into

flat ; cp. Planc-us [from a stem plac-, the plat of ground.—IL Kings, ix. 26. ' I Gr. trUi, anything flat and broad'] I^oger del Plat.—Hac. Dom.Cap. Westm. Plancus (app. orig, applied to a flatfooted individual) was a nomen of the gens Geoffrey de Platte.— Munatia. Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285. — ——— — —;

83 Plattan Pluck

PLATTAN "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a, Plane- PLEWS (Eng.) Plew's (Son) : v. Plew, Plow. PLATTEN TREE [FT.platane: v. under Plane] J (Celt. + Taut.) perh. occ. for Wei. Ap- The fruitful! olive, and the platane Lewis = Son of Lewis, q.v. round. The Faerie Queene, I. i. ix. PLIMLEY, V. Plum ley. PLATTS, genit., and pi., of Piatt, q.v. PLIMMAR, V. Plummep. Johannes de Plattes. Yorks Potl-Tax, A.D. 1379. PLIMPTON, V. Plympton. PLAYER (Eng.) Actor; Athlete [O.'E.plegere] PLIMSAUL \(Eng. ) Bel. to Plemstall or PLAYFAIR (Eng.) Playmate [M.E. play/ere, PLIMSOLL J Plemonstall (Chesh.) = Pleg- plaifere; O.E. plega, play + f£ra^ com- MtJND's Place [O.E. st{e)all, a place : the panion] pers. name is a compound of O.E. plega, play, sport, and »!««rf, protector] Than out and cam the Jewis dochter, Said, Will ye cum in and dine ? A form of this name a.d. 1326-7 was 1 winnae cum in, I cannae cum in Pleymundestowe [O.E. stSw, a place) A , Without my playferes nine. He^MMBrf was Archbishop of Canterbury 'The Jewis Dochter," 5-8; Percy's Religms. A.D. 890-914.

PLAYLE 1 (Eng.) app. for Playhale = the PLOMER, V. Plumer. PLAYLL J Sports-Corner (Field) \0S.. plega, PLOW (Eng.) I a nickname and sign-name play, sport + heal{lit a corner] from the Plough [M.E. plow, plouh, O.E. PLAYNE, V. Plane. pm = O.N.pldg-r\ The pris neet [prize cattle] of Piers PLAYSTEAD "I (Eng.) Dweller at i a Play or Plow.—Piers Plowman, 134S7. PLAYSTED /Sports Place [O.E. plega, maister Nicke the silkman at the : play, sport + stede, a place] And Plow.—Vasqain, Night Cap (a.d. 1612) Philip atte Pleystede. Lower, i. 21,1.. Subsidy Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. 2 Dweller at the Plough-Land. 2 a Sports Post or Pillar [0,E. plega + siudu, pillar, etc.] See Plew. John atte Pleystude. PLOWDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Plowden (Salop), Subsidy Roll (Soms.), A,D. 1327. 13th centi Ploeden [th,e second element is,

M.E. den{e, O.E. denu, a valley : the first PLEASANCE |;A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Dweller at or by is doubtful ; but note that the a Country-Seat or Pleasant Retreat celebrated Marian lawyer Plowden ('The [A.-Fr. plesa{,u)nce, plesence, Fr. plaisance, case is altered, quoth Plowden' : Proverb) lit. pleasure ; in French topography short was called Ployden by John Fletcher, and for 'raaison de plaisance,' country-seat, that/>7cf)'(ewasa M.E. var. pf^/(ja)(e, plough villa, or ' lieu de plaisance,' pleasant re- (it was, however, also a rare'var. of M.E. treat ; O.Fr. plaisant, pleasing : v. under pley{e, play] Pleasant] Reginald de Plesence. Hund. Rolls. PLOWMAN (Eng.) Ploughman [M.E. /ifoo;, O.E. pldh (O.N. pUg-r), plough -f- man(n] Plaisance is a fairly common French place-name. I may nat doon as evtery plowman may. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 799. 2 Pleasant's (Son) : v. Pleasant. PLOWRIGHT (Eng.) Plough-Maker [M.E. PLEASANT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Plaisant plowwrighte; O.E. pldh pyrhta] •= + Pleasant, Droll ; Jester, Humour- ist [O.F. plaisant,-p\ei3.sm^,i. plaisirf'LaX. PLOWS, genit., and pi., of Plow, q.v. placere, to please] PLOYD (Celt.) for the Welsh Ap-Uoyd, Ap- PLESTU for Plastow, q.v. Llwyd=SoN OF Llwyd: v. Lloyd [Wei. ap, son] PLEVIN (Fr.) Pledge [O.Fi. plevine, a pledge; f. O.Fr. plevir, to pledge] PLUCK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an Anglicized form of the French Plugue, Plo{c)que,^ a nickname for PLEW, a North, fotia of Plow, q.v. a Shaggy individual [like Fr. ^loc, cow- Of pales, of powndis, of parkis, oiplewes, hair (also Fr. /"s/mcAs, plush), from a Of tounes, of towris, of tresoures un- L.Lat. */>!7«c;(e)-«s (tp.Ital./'^/Mccrd),shaggy, io\As,—Aiuntyrs of Arthure, 146-7. hairy; f. La.t. pil-us, hair] :

84 Plucknett Poe

PLUCKNETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an Anglicized form PLUNKET 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French {de (Hund. Rolls, Plukenet) of the French PLUNKETT Ur del) Plonquetife, (de or del) i Pluquinet : v. under Pluck, and + the Fr. PLUNKITT J Planquet{te = (Of the) Plank- double dim. suff. -in-et. Way, Plank-Bridge [Nor. Fr. planque (Ft. planche), with dim. suff. -et(te; Lat. PLUCKROSE (Eng.), 13th cent. Pluckerose, is planca, a board] app. a nickname for an official who, under 2 f.'the Lat. Planers = Flatfooted an ancient tenurial condition, had periodi- [with Fr. dim. suff. -et(te] cally to pluck a rose [O.K. pluccian, to pluck, gather + rose (Lat. rosa), a rose] There is a ia Planquette in the Eure Dept., Normandy. PLUES, V. Plews. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname or trade- PLUM / name from the cloth so called [M.E. plunket, plonket(te, a coarse white wooUefl PLUMB (Eng.) Dweller by a Plum-Trke cloth ; a form of A.-Fr. blanket, O.Fr. PLUMBE [O.E. plume] PLUME blanchef, a dim. f. O.H.Cier. blanch, white] Hir belte was oi plonkette [one MS. (Fr.-Lat.) a nickname, or trade-name, blunket], vrith birdis full baulde, from the French plume, a feather, plume Botonede with besantes, and bokellede [Lat. pluma] full bene. —Awntyrs of Arthure, 364-5. The b in forms of this name is the There may have been sporadic confu- common post-m labial intrusion. sion with Plucknett, q.v. In France, the surname is also found with the dim. suff. -et (Plumet). PLYMPTON (Celt. + Teut.) Bel. to Plympton (Devon) = the Town on the R. Plym PLUMBLEY [O.E. tiin, enclosure, dwelling(s, (Eng.) Dweller at the Plum- town: PLUMBLY the river-name is doubtless Celtic; cp. Tree Lea [O.E. pltime + ledh] PLUMLEY Wei. plym-ol, writhing, twisting] (Eng.) a form of Plumpton, q.v. PLUMBRIDGE for Plumridge, q.v. POCHIN, the French Pochin, a dim. nicknaine 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i PLUMER Feather-Dress- f. Fr. a pouch, poche, bag, sack, , (also) PLUMMER fER [Fr. plumier; if. plume, a pock, pustule I app. O.N. poki, a poke, bag; feather, plume, Lat. pluma] and cp. O.K. poc(c — Dut. pdk, a pock]

2 Plumber [Fr. plomUer ; f. plonib, Lat. the French p'lumb-um, leadj POCKETT, Po(c)quet, a dim. nick- name from North. Fr. poque = Fr. poche (Eng.)--= Plum(m (Eng.), q.v. + the V. under Pochin. agent, suff. -et: POGKLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Pocklington John le piumer.—ijTaMrf. Rolls. (E.Yorks), 14th cent. Pokelyngton; 13th cent. Poelinton, Poklyngton, PLUMM, V. Plum. A.-Sax. *Poc- celinga-tun = the Estate of the Poccel Family [-inga, genit. pi. of PLUMPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Plumpton = the the fil. suff. -ing tUn, Plum-Tree Orchard or Enclosure ; estate, etc.] [O.E. pliime + tiin] POCOCK, a form of Peacock, q.v. fcp. O.E. Both the Northants and the Lane. pdwa (Lat. pauo), a peacock] Plumpton were Plumton and Plumpton in A sheef o£ pocok arwes [arrows], the 13th bright cent. and kene, Under his belt he bar ful thriftily.— PLUMPTRE(Ej(Eng.) Dweller by a Plum- Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 104-5. PLUMTREE (Tree [O.E. plum-triow] There are two villages called Plumtree PODGER, app. a by-form of Roger, q.v. in Notts. PODMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Podmore (Staffs), 14th cent. Podmore, Podemor, Domesday PLUM RIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the Plum- Podemore - the Tadpole-Moor [M.E. Tree RiDGt [O.E. pltime hrycg] + pode, a tadpole (prob. aUied to O.N.padda, a toad) + ?nor(e, O.E. mdr] PLUMSTEAD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Plumste(a)d = PLUMSTED the Plum-Tree J Place [O.E. POE (A.-Lat.) a nickname and siga-name from plum-stede] the Peacock [M.E. po(e, O.E. pdwa, Lat. Plumstead, Kent, was Plumstede in the pauo] loth cent. Cp. Pocock. —— — ; —

85 Pogg Pomroy

In the North of England the name poe POLLARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. + Teut.) the French seems to have been transferred at some Polard, Pollard; Po;(/)- for Paul (q.v:) + late period to the turkey. the Fr. dim. -ard, TeUt. hard, hard, brave] POGG UEng.) the M.E. Pogge (Yorks), (Teut.) One with a Close-Chopped POGGE J A.-Sa.x. *Ppcga [a var. of O.E. pohha, Head \M..'e, pol{t)ard, I. pol{l),to clip the

hair poll, : cp. allied to O.N. poki, a pouch, bag] ; pol, the head L.Ger. /"d/te] POGGSON William VoXaxA.—Hund. Rolls. Pog(g)''s Son : v. Pogg. POGSON I Henry Pollard. Pari. Writs.

POILE, a dial. var. of Pole, Pool(e, q.v. POLLEN, prob. for Paulln, q.v. POIN DEXTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Poing- POLLETT dextre (also Poiugdestre) = Right Fist (a POLLIT . I dims, of Paul, q.v. [Fr. dim. sufl. sign-name) [Fr. poing, Lat. pugn-us, a fist POLLITT -et, -ot'} + Fr. dextre, Lat. dexter, right] pollottJ POINTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Point or Lace Maker 2 (occ.) Bel, to Pawlett (Soms.) : v. [M.E. poynter,poyntour, f. M.E. poynt, ^oint, PaWlett. Fr. point — Lat. punct-um, a point] The Registers of Oxford Univ. in the 'Point : A tagged lace, used in ancient 1 6th century show more than one instance dsess.'—HalHwell. of the same individual being referred to Vasse le VoyTa.tex.—Hun£ Rolls. as Paulet, or Poulet(t, and Pollett.

POINTING I for Ponting, q.v. POLLEX, app., for Polla(c)k's (Son): v. 2 (occ.) conf. with Pointon, Poynton, Polla(o)k. q.v. POLLEXFEN. ? Dweller at Polla(c)k's Fen (Eng.) Bel. to Pointon or POINTON Poynton: (-land:v. Polla(cyk. V. Poynton. POLLEY I for Pawley, Pauley, q.v. POLACK \ ( Teut.-Slav. ) Pole, Polander 2 a weak form of Pooley, q.v. POLAK J [Dan.-Norw. PoM, Swed. PolUck of Slavonic origin, as Russ. Polydk(e, POLLINGER, an unvoiced form of Bollinger Polander] = Bullinger, q.v. To be a preparation 'gainst the Polack. POLLMAN, a weak form of Poolman, q.v. —Hamlet, IL ii. 63.

) (A.-Lat.) = . (q.v.) the POLAND (A.-SIav.) Bel. to Poland, the Fr. POLLOCK Paul + POLLOK E. dim. suff. -ock [O.E. -oc\ Pologne, Ger. Polen, Pol. Polska [f. Slav. S pole, a plain] (Celt.) Dweller at i the Place of Holes (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Land [O.E. or Pits [Gael, (and Ir.) pollack — poll, a pol + land] hole, pit, pool + the plea. suff. -acK\ 2 the Little Pit [Gael, pollag] POLDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Hollow Pollo(c)kshaws, Glasgow, was Pollock [O.E. pol + denu] in the 12th cent. POLE (Eng.) Dweller at a Pool [O.E. pol] Peter de la Pole. POLLY, V. Polley. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. POLSON (Lat. + E.) Paul's Son : v. Paul. John atte Pole.^ (rarely) (A.-Heb.) Poll's Son: Poll, Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.V. 1347-8. used as a pet fbrm of Mary = Bitterness The pole of helle to my witnesse. [Heb. mdrdh] Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 5966. POMEROY (A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Dweller at an (Celt.) Bel. to Polkinhorne ] POLKING HORN ) POMMERY I Apple - Orchard [Fr. pom- POLKINGHORNE ;( Cornwall) [pot is the ymeraie, apple - orchard ; L.Lat. POLKINHORN 'common Corn, word for a POMROY pomeretum (re/«»«, plantation suff.), apple- POLKINHORNE ) a pit or pool : the second y orchard, fruit-garden; Lat. element is app. a pers. name] pomarium, orchard — pom-um, any kind of fruit] POLLACK 1 I Bel. to Pollack (Hants) [doubt* Henry de la Pomeraye.—/?««(/. Rolls. POLLAK J ful : perh. O.E. ^rf/, pool + dc, oak : - La Pommeray is a Calvados (Normandy) (tree ' cp. the Kentish place name 'Poleash'] village-name. 2 for Pollock, q.v. Berry Pomeroy, Devon, owes its second 3 for Pol a (c)k, q.v. name to a Norman grantee. — ——— —— . ,

86 Pomfret Poppinjer

POMFRET POOLEY (Eng.) Dweller at i the Pool Island pomfrett well-known corrupt forms of or Waterside [O.E. pdl +' i(e)gi pomfritt Pontefraot, q.v. pomphrett; 2 the Pool-Lea [O.E. pdl + leak (M.E- ley] Robert Pumfret, -Hund. Rolls. 3 the Pool-Hey [O.E. pdl + Hag-, haga POMFREY for Pumfrey, q.v. (M.E. hey, hay), afield, meadow, endosure]

(Eng.) at i a [v. PON D Dweller Pound Pound] POOLMAN (Eng.) = F'ool (q:v.) -|- man. 2 a Pool [M.E. pottd(e, a var. o(pound(e: V. Pound] POORE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Poor \}li..¥,. poure, povre, Roger atte Ponde. etc., O.Fr. paure, povre (Fr. pauvre), Lat. Close Rolls, A.D. 1343. pauper] William le Poure. PONDER = Pond (q.v.) the agent, suff. -«: + Close Rolls, A-D. 1272-3. more specifically, ' keeper of a po(u)nd.' William le Pondere. Hund. Rolls. POPE (A.-Lat.) a nickname and pageant-name [O.E. pdpa, Lat. papa, pope, father] PONSABY for Ponsonby, q.v. Hugh le Pppe.—Zf«Krf. Rolls. PONSONBY (Fr.-Lat. + Scand. ) Bel. to Ponsonby (Cumb.) = Ponson's Settle- Lepape (sometimes Le Pape) is a fairly French surname. ment or Estate {Poifson is tlie fairly common common French pers. name (Cumberland (prob.) historians mention a Norman Fitz-Pon- POPHAWl (Eng.) Bel. to Popham = Poppa's Home [O.E. hdm, home, estate : son), a dim. f. Lat. Ponti-us: I- O.N. Jji-r] — Poppe was an Old Frisian pers. name] PONTEFRAOT (A.-Lat.) Bel. to Pontefract (Yorks) = Broken Bridge [Lat. pons, POPINJAYx (A.-Fr., etc.l a nickname from the papejay, />fl«<-w, a bridge +/rac<-iMJ, broken] POPJAY I Parrot [M.E. popinjay, [etc., O.Fr. papegai. Span, papa- " It was called by the Saxons \sic\ POPJEE ; a parrot] Kirkby, but after the Conquest obtamed POPJOY gayo,

the name of ' Pontfract,' from the breaking Teut.) for the Welsh Ap- down of the bridge over the river Aire by POPKIN (Celt, -f = of Hopkin: v. Hopkin the Northumbrian insurgents in 1070 Hopkin Son [Wei. ap, son] to arrest the progress of William the Conqueror, who was in pursuit with a John ap Hopkin. formidable army." Nat. Gaz. Cal. to Pleadings (Eliz. Reg.) But the foregoing statement is said to (Teut.) = Popip (v. under Popham) -|- be doubtful. the E. dim. suff. -kin [= Dut. and Flem. Pontefract was Latinized in our records -ken, O.L.Ger. -k-in] as Ponsfractus {de Pontefracto).

POP'^'N'S (Son) V. Popkin. PONTIFEX (A.-Lat.) Pontiff (a nickname POPKISS } : and pageant-name) [Lat. pontifex, a high

priest ; in Late Lat., a bishop, the pope] POPLE "I (Teut.-Lat.) Dweller by a Popple- or Poplar-Tree [M.E. PONTING (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for (with common ex- POPPLE J popyli-tre), O.E. popel-, pqpul- == Scand. ; Lat. crescent -g) the French Pontin, Lat. Pon- , poppel popul-us, the poplar] tin^^s [orig. uncertain, but prob. f. (with suff. -in) either Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge, - or Lat. pontus (Gt. irdmos), the sea; or POPLETT (Eng.) Dweller at the Poplar both] - HEAD(land [v. under Pop(p)le, and -|- O.E. hedfod, a head, high group.d] A PoBtinus was one of Csesar's murderers. POPPETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an old term of endear- (normally girl) POOK 1 (Eng. and Scand.) nicknames from ment applied to a = Little

[M.E. One ; Darling (the mod. puppet) . [A.-Fr. POOKE J the Elf or Sprite so called pouke, O.E. plica = O.N. pikQ popet (M.Ft. poupette, a baby; and cp. Fr. poupie, a doll), f. 'LsX. pup-us, a little boy, John Pouk. pup-a, a little girl, doll ; with dim. suff. -ei\ Subsidy-Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. In Frahce, Popet aud Popot are about Dweller by a Pool or Lake POOL \ (Eng.) '" , equifrequent. "'" •' O.E.piiq^^ POOLE J [M.E. pool{e,pol()i," Cp. Pole. POPPINJER for Popinjay. ' — — — — ;

87 Poppleton Portsmouth

POPPLETON (Eng.jiBel.to Poppleton (Yorks), PORTEOUSl (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from Breviary [M.E. f^ortous, 14th cent. Popelton, 13th cent. Popilton, PORTEUS J the loth cent. PopeMn = the Poplar En- porthous, porthors, O.'Fr. portehors, i (port-.. f. Fr. porter, Lat. portare, to closure or Farm [v. under Pop(p)le, and able) breviary ;, outof doors, + O.E. tiin\ carry, and Fr. hors, Lat. foras, abroad] POPPLEWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Poplar- For on my porthors here I make an Spring (spring by poplar(s) [v. under 00th,—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 1321. Pop(p)le, and + O.E. w(i>Z/a, a spring] We find the name in a famous old romance PORCH (A..Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Porch or Scottish, metrical

self Porteous. ' Portico (ot some large house or public Call your Sir — Roswall and Lillian, 371. building) ; and hence prob. a Doorkeeper [Fr. porche, a porch, portal; Lat. portic-us, a In Scotland the word came to denote a portico] roll of indictments. Stephen atte Porche.^ Close Rolls, A.D. 1369. PORTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Porter, Carrier

[Fr. porteur ; f. porter, Lat. portare, to carry] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the common French PORCH ER 2 Doorkeeper, Gatekeeper, Janitor Porcher = Swineherd [Fr. porcher, L.Lat. [Fr. portier, Lat. portari-us ; f. Lat. porta, a f. Lat. porc-us, a swine] porcari-us ; gate] focc.) 2 = Popch (q.v.) + the agent. Robert le Porter. Hund. Rolls. suff. -er. Albin le Portour. Mun. Gildh. Land. Roger le Porcher.—Ca/. Inq. P.M. Com forth, I wol unto the yate go Thise porters [some MSS. portours'] ben PORCHESTER, v. Portohester. unconning [are stupid] evere mo. PORRETT V'l the French Poret, Porret, app. Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., V. 1138-39. PORRITT / rather for Pfl!(re<, a dim. f. O.Fr. PORTINGALE (A.-Lat. ) a Portuguese paure (Fr. pauwe), Lat. pauper, 'poor,' than PORTINQALL [M.E. Portingale, Parlyngall, a nickname from O.Fr. poret, f. Lat. porr- PORTI(N)GEULj etc., i.e. Portugal, anc. Porta- us, ' a leek [Fr. dim. suff. -ei] caie ('Terra Portucalensis '), Lat. Partus See Poo re. Cale, the Roman name of the mod. Portu- guese Porto, The Port] 2 for Parr^ett, Parritt, q.v. O The princes doughter of Portingale. — q.v. PORSON I tor Parson, William and the Werwolf(14th cent.), 1 14. q.v. (occ.) 2 for Pawson, The mediaeval ballad ' Old Robin of

Portingale ' was printed by Percy. PORT (A.-Lat.) Dweller at i a Harbour [O.E. port, Lat. port-us\ PORTINGTON ( Eng. ) Bel. to Portlngton 2 a (City-) Gate [O.E. port, also Fr. (Yorks), i3tn cent. Partington, A.'-Sax. *Partinga-tun = the Estate of the Port- porte ; Lat. porta] Family l-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. Henricus del Port. Hund. Rolls. -ing + tJin, estate, etc.] Walter de la Porte.—Hufid. Rolls. PORTMAN (Eng.) i Gateman [O.E. />ort (Lat. PORTBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Portbury (Soms.), porta), a gate -f- man{n\ 14th cent. Portbury [O.E. burh, a strong- 2 Townsman [O.E. partman(n —part, a

hold : the first element is rather O.E. port town, by extension from port (Lat. porta), (Lat. port-us), a harbour, than O.E. port a (cityr) gate]

(Lat. porta), a gate ; the place is near (Eng.) Bel. to Portsmouth, Portishead] PORTSMOUTH the A.-Sax. Portes-mttSa = Port's Mouth [O.E. mlilSa, mouth of a harbour or river] PORTCH for Pofoh, q.v. As Portsmouth Harbour was the Partus Bel. Por(t)chester PORTCHESTER (A.-Lat.) to Magnus, or Great Port, of the Romans, if (Hants), the A.-Sax. Porfcearter, app. the the Saxon Port who, according to the Roman Partus [O.E. port, Lat. port-us, a Chronicle A.o. joi, landed at Partes-mU'Sa, Lat. a harbour -f- 0,E. eeaster, castr-um, did not eventually elect to be known from (Roman) stronghold] the place where he disembarked, the coin-

' Previously to the destruction of the cidence of nomenclature is peculiar; but

' hai-bour, through the retiring of the sea, as the name Port occurs elsewhere in this place was the principal station of the (certainly later) Anglo-Saxon times it is British navy, now removed to Portsmouth.' not altogether unlikely that Port was the —Nat. Gas. invader's actual name and that he deliber- — —

88 Portugal Potts

ately Chose, from sentimental reasons, to POSTLETHWAITE ( Scand. ) Dweller at land at a haven which was already known POSTEL'S (POSTOL'S), Or the APOSTLE'S as (the) Port, from the Latin Port-us. Clearing [v.under Postle, Postel;and+ Nevertheless, the nominal association here, O.N. Yueit, a clearing] and in the Chronicle A.D. ("hie [Cerdic 534 This is a common North-Lancashire and Cynric] sealdon heora tv/dtn netum surname ; but it prob. originated in Cum- call Wiht-edland"-^ Stfife and Wihtgare berland or Westmorland. i.e., "they gave to their two nephews, Stuf and WUitgar, the vvhole of the Isle of POTHECARY, an aphseresized form pf Wiht (Wight)," affords much justification Apothecary. for Latham's remark (' Eng. Lang.', ed. Cp. Pottioary. 1855, p. 18): "The names of Port and Wihtgar give us the strongest facts in POTKIN, a dim. of Philpot (q.v.) + the E. favour of the hypothesis, viz., suggested dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-tri] the expostfacto evolution ofpersonal names out of local ones." POTT I a dim. of Philpot, q.v.

Amediseval Latinization of 'Portsmouth' 2 the rare A.-Sax. pers. name Pott- [cp. was Porius Ostium [Lat. ostium, entrance, O.E. pott, m., a pot] mouth] Reginald Pot.—Huttd. Rolls. PORTUGAL, a more correct form than the commoner Poptingale,'q.v. ante. POTTAGE, meton. for Pottinger, q.v.

The Portugal found a road to the East POTTEL, the French Potel, a dim. of Phil- Indies the of by Cape Good Hope. pot (q.v.) -H the dim. suff. -el [Lat. -ell-US'] Howell, Letters, 1. i. 35 ; T.L.O. Davies. Richard Potel—Hund. Rolls. PORTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Port-Way, i.e. a High Road or Main (Paved) Street POTTER (Eng.) Pot-Maker; Pot-Seller [O.E. port, a town, by extension from port [M.E. poter(e, potter(e; O.E. pott, a pot -|- (Lat. porta), a (city-) gate + weg, a way, the agent, suff. -ere] road] The potter whoni Robin Hood failed to In Philemon Holland's contemporary ' despoil Said that the pottys ' which he translation of 'Britannia' Camden's we was carting to NottingTiam for sale there find such phrases as "The Port-way, or were worth ' two nobellys' (Roben Hode high paved street" high (p. 557); "The and the Potter). Port-way, or Roman street '' (p. 507).' ' Potter, a hawker ot earthenware.'^ There is a Portway in Herefordshire Dial, of Lonsdale, p. 64. and one in Oxfordshire ; and the Roman road between Salisbury and Silchester POTTERTON (Eng.) Bel. toPottertou (Yorks) used to be called Port Way. = the Potter's Place [v. under Potter, and -I- O.E. tUn, dwelling(s] PORTWINE, for Potvine, q.v. POTTIOARY (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Apothecary POSLETT, a shortened form of Postle- [M.E. potecary, apotecarie, O.Fr. apotecaire, thwaite, q.v. L.Lat. apotecari-us ; f. Lat. apotheca, Gr. AiroS'^Kri^ a storehouse] POSNETT, for Poslett, q.v. POTTING ER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Pottage-Maker POSSELWHITE, for Postleth waits, q.v. [M.E. potenger (with common intruded »), potager, etc. ; f., with agent, suff. -er, Fr. POSTANCE 1 Dweller at (app.) the Posterns potage — pot, a pot -|- the suff. -age, Lat. POSTANS ; [O. Fr. posleme (Fr. pdterne) for -atic-us] posterle, Lat. posterula, a secret or private way, a back-door] John Potengex.—ValorEccles. (Hen.viii).

\ (Teut.-Lat.-Gr.) POSTEL Apostle, Preach- POTTLE, V. Pottel. POSTI LL ER [M.E. a)postel, O.E. a)pestol and POSTLE O.N. postoli, Lat. apostol-us, Or. POTTO N (Eng.) Bel. to Potton (Beds), 13th POSTOL I dTrio-ToX-os] caat. Pottone, \oth. cent. Pottun [prob. = Pot- Yard (potter's yard) rather William Postel.— r«te de N£vill. than Pott(a)'s Dwelling—O.E. pott, a pot ; tun, enclosure, This is apostels lyfe 1 etc.] Skelton, come Why ye natf 923. There is also Potton Island, Essex. (Eng.) POSTGATE \ Dweller at the Post or I POTTS Pott's (Son) : v. Pott. POSG ATE J Stake Gate or Opening [O.E. post (Lat. post-is) + geat] 2 a nickname for a maker or seller of ——— — —— —

89 Potvine Powter

Pots; also a kitchen-man or scuHion [O.E. POW IScot. and North. Eng. apocopated pott, a potj POWE J forms of Pool(e, q.v. A serving-man of low degree, (Celt.) Bel. to Powder (Cornwall) = One Tommy Pots it is his name .... POWDER For I had a lover of my own, she said the Oaktree-Region [Corn, pow (Wel. ; pan), region; dar (Wel.^iir), oaktree] At Strawberry Castle there liv'd he : rie change his name from Tommy o' POWDRELL, the French Poudrel, app. for the th' Potts, O.Teut. pers. name Poldheri [O.H.Ger. And the Earl of Arundell now he shall be.— pold, bald, bold -|- heri, army] -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -el [Lat. -ell-US'] Fair Rosamond of Scotland, 22--^, 413-16. - (Celt.) I the Welsh POTVINE, for the French Poitetiiw, i.e. aNATiVE POWEL i Ap-HoweliJ, OF THE Province of Poi(c)tou [Lat. POWELL J Son of Howel(l : v. Howel. Pictavin-us, f. Pictavia, the Lat. name of John ap-Kowell.jr-Charter-Rolls. Poictou. The name of the tribe called the Trahern ap-Howel (a Welsh hostage Pictavi, earlier Pictones, is doubtless allied in Chester Castle). to that of the Picts, Lat. Picti, prob.' trom ' Chesh. Chmhrlns.' Accts., a.d. 1320. pict-us, painted] 2 for the old Welsh pers. name Pwyll = ' POUL, a M.E. (and French) form of Paul, q.v. Forward ; Wary [Wel. pwylt] As Poul the apostle Dyved' To the people taughte.— 'Pwyll, pendevig {Pwyll, lord, , of Dyfed). Mabirtogion. Piers Plowman, 12,038-39. (A.-Lat.) forms of Poul, Paul, q.v. POULETT = Poul, Paul (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. Seinte Powel vorbead wiimmen to suff. -e(. prechen. Ancren Riwle (' Speche '). POULSOM fbr Poulson, q.v. POWER, a van of Poope, q.v. POULSON, Foul's Son: v. Poul, Paul. Warih le Powre. Hund. Rolls. POULTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Poulterer [M.E. Power's (Son). pol{e)ter, pul(e)ter; f. M.E. pul{e)te, Fr. POWERS, poulet, a chicken, dim. oipoule, a hen; POWIS (Celt.) Bel. to Powys-land (Wales) Lat. pulla, fern, otpullus, a young animal] [cp. Wel. powys, calm, peace] Adam le Poleter. Pari., Writs. . . . ymhob un o dri chwmwd Powys Osbert le Puleter. Hund. Rolls. (. . . in each of the three wapentakes of POULTON (Eng.) Bel. to Poulton = the Pool Powys).— Farmstead or Hamlet' [O.E. pul, p6l, 'Breuddwyd Rhonabwy' (Rhonabwy's pool + tiin} Dream); Mdbinogion. Gloucestershire Poulton was The POWLE, V. Poul, Paul. Pultiin, A.D. 855. The Lancashire Poulton was Poltun in Domesday-Book ; Pulton POWLES, PoWLE's (Son) \ . ]^- f^°*'®' f^^"'- A.D. 1 196. POWLESON, PowLE's Son

POU N D \ (EngJ Dweller at the Enclosure POWLESLAND. Dweller at Powle's Land : PO U N D E j FOR Strayed Cattle [O.E. pund] V. Powie, Paul. POU N DER (Eng.) Impounder (of Stray Cattle) POWLETT, a var. of Pawlett, Paulett, q.v. [M.E. pundere ; f. O.E. pyndan, to shut up] Richard le Pundere. Fine-Rolls. POWLEY, a var. of Pawley, Pauley, q.v. See Pindep. POWLING, a var. of Pawling, for Paul in, q.v. POVAH, V. Povey. POWLSON, Powl's Son ; v. Poul, Paul.

POVALL ] the French Povel, a form of the 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Pownall (Chesh.), POVELL I Flemish Pawaie/ = Paul, q.v. POWNALL fA.D. 1356-8 Pounal, Pounale = POVILL J POWNELL (app.) Puna's Hall [O.Merc, hall, .a hall] POVER, V. Poope. ' ' The Hall ' in Pownall Hall ' is there^ Acursed may wel be that day fore prob, tautological. That^owre man conceyved is. Chaucer, Rom. of. the Rose, 468-9. POWNCEBY, a corrupt form of Ponsonby, q.v. POVEY, a nickname from the Owl [West. E. povey\ POWTER, a var. of Pewter, q.v. —— ; — ;

90 Poxon Prentis(s

POXON, V. Pogson. PRATT (Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Meadow [O.Fr. prat (Fr. pr^, Lat. prat-um (a mea- POYNpER for Pounder, q.v. dow), whence also South. Fr. prat, Ital. Span, prado'] POYNDEXTER,v. Poindexter. prato, Prat and Duprat are common French POYNINGS (Eng.) Bel. to Poynings (Suss,), surnames. A.D. 960 Puningas = (the Estate of) the Marquis de Prat.—Pam Directory. Pun- Family [-ingas, pi. of the fil. suff. -ing] Cp. Pray. POYNTER, V. Pointer. (Eng.) a nickname from the O.E. pratt, ' 'craft,'rraff 'a* n trick.'trirlr POYNTING.v. Pointing. Thomas Prat.- -Hund. Rolls. POYNTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Poynton (Chesh.), form. Poynington; A.-Sax. *Puninga-tiin= PRAY (Fr.-Lat. and Scot.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Estate of the Pun-Family l-inga, a Meadow [O.Fr. pray (Fr. pri), Lat. ' genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing ; tUn, estate, prat-um] ' etc.] The pray bysprent wyth spryngand . 2 Bel. to Pointon (Lines), 13th cent. sproutis. —Douglas, Virgil, 400, 40. Pointon, Poynton; A.-Sax. *Punantiln = Pray, Pri, Dupray, Duprd, are common geriit. of Puna's Estate \Punan-, Puna ; French surnames. /rf«, estate, etc.] Cp. Pratt. Alan de Pointon. ' Cal. Inq. P.M., A.D. 1283. PREATER, V. the commoner form Prater. Cp. Poynings. PRECIOUS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Precious; Affected POYNTZ (A.-Fr.-Lat.). I Bel. to Ponts (Nor- [O.Fr. precieus (mod. pricieux) ; Lat. mandy) = the Bridges [Fr. pont, Lat. : pretios-us, valuable] pons, pontis, a bridge] There is an apparently well-authenti- There is a Ponts in the Manche Dept., cated instance of this name being used ' and another in the Seine-Inf6rieure Dept. for an earlier ' Priesthouse.' 2 for the French Pons (Norm. Fr. Pom), PREECE, V. Ppees(e. Lat. Pontius\i. either Lat. pons, pontis, a the Welsh equiv. of the bridge, or Lat. pontus (Gr. irSmos), the sea PREEDY, (Ap-Readie) or both] Gael. IVIac Creadie, q.v. [Wei. ap, son] Walter fil. Ponz.— PREEN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name iV(6» Domesday Book, A.D. 1086. [pern, a form of O.E- preon, m., a brooch, Reginald de Ponz, otherwise de Pontibus. preen] Lane. Inq., A.D. 1216-22. (Celt.) Bel. to Preen ; or Dweller by a Nicholas Poynz. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. (Prominent) Tree [Wei. pren}

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) I POYSER \ Weigher [A.-Fr. PREES \ (Celt.) the Welsh Ap-Rhys = Son POYZER 1 poiser(e, peiser{e, weigher; I. O.Fr. PREESEJ OF Rhys, i.e. Ardour [Wei. ap,

poiser, peiser, Lat. pensare, to weigh] son ; rhSs, ardour] Cp. Price. PRAED (Al-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Meadow 2 Bel. to Prees ; or Dweller at the [O.Fr. prade, L.Lat. praJta ; Lat. prai-um, a meadow] Brake or Brushwood [Wei. presi

Note' ' Prees Heath,' Shropshire. PRANCE (Teut.) a nickname from E. prance, 'to make a phow' [M.E. ^ra(a)«cen, to PREIST, v. Prest. prance: cp. Dial. Dan. pranse, to Strut, for pfansk, proud ; Dan.-Norw. prarige, Swed. PRENDERGAST Pend(e)ga3t, q.v. prunka, to make a show; Dut. pronk, a Prendergast, a parish in Pembrokeshire, show, pronken, to strut] owes its name to Prendergast Place, Willelmus Prance.— formerly a seat of the Prendergast family. Yorks Poll-Tax, h.D. \n% PRENTICE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) aphaeresized forms PRANKARD I from the stem seen under PRENTIS(SJof Apprentice [M..K prentis, PRANCARD \ Prance; with the Fr. dim. suff. prentys, prentyce, aprentis, .O.Fr. aprentis PRANKERDJ -ard, O.Frank, hard, hard [cp. ult. f. Lat. appre(he)ndere, to lay hold M.E. pranken, to adorn, decorate; and of, learn] Dial. E. prank, frolicsome] A. prentys whilom dwelled in oure citee, ' PRATER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Pritre= And of a craft of vitaillers was hee. Priest [O.Ft. prestre, Lat. preshyter] Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 4365'-6. — ; " ———— — —

91 Prescot Price

PRESCOT (Eng.) Bel. to Prescot, (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr,) Priest [A.-Fr. "I Pres- PRESTER PRESCOTT j cott= the Priest's or Priests' O.Fr. prestre (Fr. pri^e); l.at. presbyter, Dwelling [M.E. prestU, O.E. priost Gr. irpeffpiTep-os, an elder of the church]

(from Lat.-Gr.), priest ; O.E. cottage, coft Thomas le Prestre. Hund. Rolls. dwelling]

I will . . . bring you the length of Prester The Lancashire Prescot was Prestecote foot.— &c., 11. i. 278. in the 12th cent. John's MmcA Ado,

PRESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Preston = , the PRESLAND \ (Eng.) Dwellerat the Priest's Priest's or Priests' Place ; Church- PRESSLAN d} or Priests' LandLa: [v. under Domain [O.E. prSost, priest; tAn, estate, Ppescot(t;Ppescot(t ; and +'0.E. land] etc.] William de Prestlond.' We see the genit. pi. form, PriostatAn, 1312-13. Chesh- Chmhrlns.' Accts., A.D. in a charter of the year 946 (' Cart. Sax.' PRESLEE No. 811). Preston near Cirencester is PRESLEY stated to have belonged to the Confessor's PRESSLEE (Eng.) forms of Priestley, q.v. priest - chancellor Regenbald. Preston PRESSLEY near Ledbury " anciently belonged to a PRESSLIE religious house." Preston, Lanes, is Presume in Domesday Book. Preston, PRESOW. Bel. to Preesall (N. Lanes), 13th Warwickshirie, is the DomesdaylV«teto««. cent. Presho, Preshow, i4tn cent. Preshou, The i3th-cent.form of this common place- Preeshow [The second element is evidently name is usually Preston, e.g.

O.N. haug-r, a mound : the first element is Adam de Preston. obscur^ ; it does not seem to represent a Scut, of Gascony, A.D. 1242-3. Scand. pers. name, and as thereis a hamlet called Preese (Domesday Pres)in the same PRESTWIOH (Eng.) Bel. to Prestwich = the Hundred of Amounderness the possibility Priest's or Priests' Place [O.E. prSqst, of being the Cymric pres, a brake, Pres- priest ; wlc, dwelling(s] brushwood, cannot definitely be excluded] Adam de Prestwrych. Gt. Inq. ofServ., A.D. 1212. PRESS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the PRETIOUS, V. Precious. instrument so called [Fr.presse ; f. presser, Lat. pressure, to press] PRETT, a var. of Pratt, q.v.

(Celt.) Dweller at a Thicket [Gael. PRETTIMAN, v. Prettyman. preas] (Eng.) Crafty, Sly; Fine [M.E. 1 do not think that there has been any PRETTY confusion with Prees. pretie, praty, fine, crafty; O.E. prtEttig, cunning] PRESSON (Eng.) i Priest's Son [v. Prest PRETTYMAN = Pretty (q.v.) + man. and + O.E. sunu] PRETYMAN I le Prestessone.^ William PREVOST (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Provost [O.Fr. pre- Cal. Rot. Orig. vost (mod. priiidt); Lat. praeposit-us, a 2 an assim. form of Preston, q.v. prefect, commander] Alan Prepositus. Hund. Rolls. PREST (Eng.) Priest [M.E, prest, O.E. ] ' PREIST ; /rr^(7rf.(f. Lat.-Gr.] PREW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Gallant, Valiant [M.E. preiv, prue, O. Fr. prou, preu (Fr. preux) prod, Sir Parish Prest, quod he, for Goddes , gallant; app. f. *prud-us, a syncopated form bones . . . —Chaucer, Cant Tales, B n66. of Lat. ^rouid-us, foreseeing] to thay warbaith Clark Yong men him William le Prue.—Co/. Inq. P.M. and' Preist.— The Thrie Priests of Peblis, mZ. PREWETTl = Prew (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. (A:^Fr.-Lat.) Ready, Quick [M.E. O.Fr. PREWITT Jsuff. -rf. prest (mod.Fr. prit), Lat. praest-us\ The form in our i3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls, is the present form. As prest as a sperhauk [sparrowhawk]. Pruet, French —Piers Plowman, ^igt. PRICE, v.Preeoe, Prees(e>. French agile, quick, The modern preste,, Madot [Madog] Ap-Ris, a.d. 1381. sharp, is from Ital. ^rMto. Thierry,Co»g. de I' Angleterre, App. IL 27. Harry Ap-Rice, A.D. 1544.-^ PRilTrG°E^}^°'^''''^«**'°'''1-^- PrivyPurseExp.^PrincessMaryiiBs.x6&\e;^y). — —

92 Prichard Prink

PRICHARD (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh ^/i- element may be the Corn, cognate of Wei. Richard = Son of Richard: v. Richard ias, 'what pervades,' 'nature'; and a French [Wei. ap, son] origin must be definitely excluded.

John Ap-Richard.— PRIDGEON (Fr.) for the French Preuxjean = temp. Hen. viii. Valor EccleS; Gallant John [v. under Prew and John]

PRICHETT I a palatal form of Priokett, q.v, PRIDHAM for Prudhomme, q.v. 2 a weak form of Prichard, q.v. PRIESTER, V. Prester. PRICKARD (Celt. + Teut.) the Welsh Ap- PRIESTLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Priestley or Rickard = Son of Rickard: v. Rickard PRIESTLAY Priestleigh; or Dweller at the [Wei. ap, son] \ PRIESTLY J Priest's or Priests' Lea PRICKETT (Eng.) a nickname (and sign- \0.'E. prSost, priest; ledh, lea] name) from the second-year Buck so Priestleigh, Soms., was Prestlegh A.D. called [M.E. pri{c)ket, pryket; f. MJE.prik- 1327- ken, O.E. prician, to prick] PRIESTMAN (Eng.) an augmentative of And joyed oft to chace the trembling Priest : v. Prest, and -1- man. pricket.— Spenser, Shepheards Calender (Dec.) (N.Eng. and Scand.) Priest's Man (-Servant). (Fr.) the French Priquet : (a) a dim. f. the Teut. base *prii, to prick. PRIESTNALL (Eng.) Bel. to Priestnall [Earlier forms than the 1 6th-cent. (6) a contr. of PerriqUet, f. the Bret. (?Chesh.) lacking, it cannot definitely be Perric, a dim. of O.Fr. Perre (Peter) ; with Prestenall the Fr. dim. suff. -et. said whether -all represents O.Merc, hall, a hall, O.E. h{e)al{h, a nook, corner, or (Celt. + Teut.) a weak form of Priok- O.E. h{e)al{d, a slops: Presten- is a M.E. ard, q.v. adject, form oi prest, priest] Richard Priket. Hund. Rolls. PRIME (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Thin, Slender, Small

PRICKITT for Priokett, q.v. [O.Fr. prim(e ; Lat. prim-us, first]

(A.-Fr.-Lat.). Premier, First, PRIDAY \(? Celt.) Bel. to Priddy (Soms.) PRIMMER PRIDDEY [Early forms lacking, nothing de- Chief [O.Fr. primier (Fr. premier), Lat. PRIDDY finite can be said of the origin of primari-us]

PRIDEE I the name : it may poss. be f. Wei. PRIMROSE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the pridd, clay, esp. as there seems to have flower [A.-Fr. primerose, by false analogy been a hamlet called Prid in Devonshire for primerole, f. L.Lat, primula, a primrose in mediaeval times ; and Pridd- occurs in (butO.Fr. primerose denoted the hollyhock] Welsh place-names]

Thomas Primerose. 1 PRIDE (Eng.) a nickname and pageant-name Close Rolls, A.D. 1424-5. [O.E. pride] pryd-, prSte, But the iRosebery family took their sur- (Celt.) Precious, Dear [M.Wel. pric[\ name from an estate at Primrose, co. Fife.

(A.-Fi-.-Lat.) a nickname PRIDEAUX. Bel. to Prideaux (Cornwall), 13th PRINCE (applied e.g. to a prince's servant) cent. Prydeaus, Prudeaus, Prideas, Pridias and pageant-name

[Fr. prince ; Lat. princeps, chief, [If this is a native Cornish name we might leader]

Note.-^Colonel W. F. Prideaux tells me PRINK (Eng.) Pert, Forward [Dial. E., f. that the earliest form of the name is Pridias, prink, to adorn, show off; app. a form of Pridyas, Prydyas. In this case the second E. prick, O.E. prician, to prick] ——— —— — — ;

93 Pfin(n Pfuce

PRIN(N (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Thin, Small, De- PROST (Eng.) Priest \}A.^.prost, O.E.preSst, licate [ O.Fr. prirti a reduction of priest]

prm{e ; Lat. prim-us, first] An prostes upe londe singeth. 2 contr. of Perrin, q.v. The Owl and the Nightingale (13th cent.), William Prin.—/f«»d. Rolls. 733- (A.-Fr.-Lat.) PRIOR Head of a Priory; also Pi^OTHERO \ (Celt.)for the Welsh ^^-iJAyii- a nickname (as for a prior's servant) and PROTHEROE ,erch = Son of Rhydderch or pageant-name [M.E. O.Fr. pri{o)ur (Fr. PROTH RO E RHUDDERCH.i.e. the Reddish- Lat. prieur) ; prior, first] PROTHER > Brown [Wei. «>, son: the pers. PRITCHARD (Celt, -f Teut.) for the Welsli name is a compound of Wei; rhudd(dd as Ap-Richard= Son of Richard, q.v. [Wei. th), red, and erch, dark brown] ap, son] PROUDFOOT 1 (Eng.) the See Prichard. M.E. Praudfot, PROUDpUTE \Prud{e)fote, a nickname for PRITGHETTI PROUDFIT J one with an arrogant gait Ppiohett. PRITCHITT r- [M .E. pr(p)ud, pr(o)ut{e, etc., O.E. prAt, proud (prob. of Fr. origin) -t- M.E./o<(e, PRITT for Prett (through dial, lengthening O.E. fot, a foot] of the e), a var. of Pratt, q.v. PROUDLOVE (Eng.) a nickname of the same William de Preet, alias Pret. class as Sweetlove, Dearlove, etc. (poss. Plac. de quo Warr. bestowed on the successful suitor of a PRITTY for Pretty, q.v. village belle) [v. under Proudfoot, and -J- M.E. love, O.E. lufu, love] PRIVETT (Eng.) Bel. to Privett (Hants), said to be the Saxon Pruntesfldd = Prunt's PROUT (Eng.) Proud [M.E. pr(p)ui(e, O.E.

Stream ; but I have not elsewhere met prat (prob. of Fr. origin] this pers. name [O.K. fldd, a stream, flood; Thomas le Piute.—Hund. Rolls. O.K. fldde, a channel] Sturne he was thoru out al, and heivol (Celt. Teut.) for the [haughty] and />««<.— PROBART \ + Welsh Ap^Rohert : PROBE-RT \ = Son of Robert,, Rob. Glouc. Chron. ' Wm. Conq.' 406 (7729). q.v. [Wei. ap, sonj

PROVANI "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) meton. for a purveyor

PROBIN 1 (Celt. -I- Fr.-Teut.) for the Welsh PROVENI of provender or provisions, J. _ etc. PROB\H } Ap-Roiin = Son of Robin, q.v. [Dial. E. provan, proven (Scot, prowan), for provand, Fr.provende,provision, Wilham ap-Robyn. Pari. Rolls. provender L.Lat. prcebenda, a payment, etc.] We find the form Probin in i6th-cent. Cheshire deeds. We find the Early Mod. E. provant- master, one who provided for soldiers. PROCKTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat^ Proctor, Pro- Theaw may sleep if t'l lay th' proven PROCKTOR . curator [M.E. prok(e)tour, a ready.—Collier (Lanes), Tim Bobbin, PROCTER ' contr. of procuratour; O.Fr. p. 67. PROCTOR J procurator, Lat. procurator, PROVAST (A.-Lat.) Provost [O.E. prdfost; manager, agent, administrator] ] PROVIST y'Lat. praposit-us, a commander] For I make Piers the Plowman PROVOST J My procuratour and my reve.- Piers Plowman, 13471-2. PROWSE \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Valiant, Gallant Willelmus Proktour. PR0USE;[M.E, O.Fr. prous, pro(u)z, (Fr. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. preux\ Richard le Prouz.—Hund: Rolls. PRODGERl (Celt. -1- Teut.) for the Welsh PROGER J Ap-Rodger or Ap-Roger= Hon OF To countenance their wedding feast did Ro(d)ger, q.v. [Wei. ap, son] want nor knight nor prowse.— Warner, Albions England, a.d. 1592. PROFFITT "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Prophet (a PROFIT J nickname) lO.Fv.'prophete, Lat. PRUCE I One from Prussia [M.E. Pruce, Fr. Prusse, propheta, Gr. irpo^^T/s] Ger. Preussen ; said to be from a Lithuanian or Lettish word meaning PROPERT, ^ var. of Probert, q.v. ' ' neighbours '] (Celt.) for the if I sente PROSSER \ Welsh Ap-Rosser And over see . . . PROSSOR J = Son of Rosser, q.v. into iVKce-lond. David ap-Rosser. Piers Plowman, 881 1-13.

Valor Eccles., temp. Hen. viii. 2 occ. conf. Hrith Prouse, Prowse, q.v. , — — — — ;

94 Prudame Pullens:

PRUDAME for Prudhomme, q.v. PUGET (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Puget (France) = a Ridge or Height [f. L.Lat. podi-um, a PRUDEN seems, like Provan, Proven, to have ridge, height — Lat. podi-um, a projecting lost a final dental, and to be for Prudent structure ; with the Fr. dim. suff. -et\

[Fr. prudent ; Lat. prudens -eritis, foresee-

ing] PUGH "I for the Welsh Ap-Hugh = Son of PUGHEJ Hugh: V. Hugh. PRUDH01VIME(A.-Fr.-Lat.)UPRlGHT,H0NEST PULBROOK (Eng.) Dweller at the Pooi^ Man ; Expert rA.-Fr. O.Fr. prudhom{m)e, Brook [O.E. pdl + hr6c\ prodhom{m)e (Wi. prud'homme) ; app. f. a syncopated iorm*prud-us oi Lat. prouid-iis, PULESTON (Eng.) There is no trace of a foreseeing Lat. homo, man.] + local name Puleston, which is prob. rather Geoffrey Prifdhomme. Hund. Rolls. a contracted form of the Herefordshire place-name Puddlestone than a corrupt PRUE, V. Prew. form of *Paulestun.

PRUETT, V. Prewett. PULFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Pulford (Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Pulford = the Ford at the PRUST, V. Prost. Pool [O.E. pdl -{ ford\ PRYCE, V. Price. PULHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Pulham (Norf. PRYDE, V. Pride. Dorset), 13th cent. Pulham = the Pool- Land [O.E. pdl + ham(m, an enclosure, PRYER 1 piece of land] PRYOR V. Prior. J PULLARl (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool-Bank PRYKE (EngO a diphthongized form oi Prick, puller; [O.E. pdl, a. pool + dra, a bank, a term of endearment, also the name of a shore] pointed weapon [M.E, prikke, prike, O.E. We find the redundant form PuUar pricd\ Bank in Sussex.

PRYNNE, V. Prinn. PULLEN I meton. for a Poulterer PULLAN [M.E. pullen {pullain{e), poul- PRYM [v. Prime. PULLEIN(E try; a pi. form, of Fr. poule, a PRYME PULLEYN(E hen, fowl, L.Lat. pulla, fem. PULLIN of Lat. pullus, a chicken] PRYTHERCH (Celt.) ihe'Ws\shAp-Shydderch: V. under Protfiero. 'PouUailler, a poulter or keeper of pullainf.'—Cotgrave, Fr. Diet, ed. 1650. PUCK, V. PooI<(e. She . . . knows how pullen should be PUCKRIDGE (Eng. ) Bel. to Puckeridge cramm'd. (Herts) = Puca's or the Elf Ridge [O.E. Beaumont & Fl., Scornful Lady, V. ii.

puca, an elf ; hrycg, a ridge] 2 the French Poulain = (a) a nickname from the Colt [M.Fr. poulin, O.Fr. polin, (Teut.) app. a nickname for a PUDDEFOOT 1 Lat. pullin-us] PUDDIFOOT Club-footed Person [ cp. a name applied to the children of PUDDEPHAT L.Ger. puddig, thick, stumpy; (&) unions between French and Syrians at and + E./00*, O.E./rf/] the time of the Crusades [prob. f. Lat. PUDDIFER, V. Petifer. pull-US, dark-coloured] 3 the French Poulaine, an old form of PUDDLE (Eng.) i S^uat, Dumpy [Dial. E., : v. suff. tor cp. L.Ger. Pologne^ Poland Poland. , with dim. -le -el: puddig, thick, stumpy, f. the same base 4 the French Poulin, a form of Paulin

seen in O.E. pud-oc, a wen] (as well as of Poulain) : v. Paulin.

2 Dweller at a Puddle [M.E. podel, a Nicholas le Pullen.—ffM«rf. Rolls.

small muddy pool ; f., with dim. suff. -el, John Puleyn. do. O.E. pttdd, a ditch] Nicholas Polayn. PUDSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Pudsey (Yorks), 14th Soms. Subsidy-Roll (a.d. 1327). cent. Puddesay, Domesday Podechesaie = = Pooley, q.v. PuDEC's or Puf)Oc's Waterside [The , PULLEY pers. name (in the genitive) is from the PULLING \i = Pullin, Pullen (q.v.), with base as O.E. pudoi; (-oc, dim. suff.), a same PULLENGIadded-^^. wen + M.E. ey, O.E. i{e)g, waterside, island] 2 Dweller at the Pool-Meadow [O.E. ——

95 PuUinger Purslow

pul, p6l, a pool + O.N.E. ing, O.N. eng, a PURCEY tor Percy, q.v. meadow] WA.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from 3 for the Fr.-Bret. local name P(9a/e«c = PURCHAS theM.E.purchasen (hence M.E. Narrow Pool [Bret, poul, a pool enk, PURCHASE + O.Fr. piir- narrow] PU RCH ES purchas, booty, gain), pursue William Pulyng. PU RCH ESEV chacer(FT.pourchasser),to to, catch] eagerly ; Lat. prd, and captare, Lane. Assi3e-RoUs,A.D. 1284. And bothe we goon abouten cure PULLINQER, an unvoiced form of Bullinger, purchas.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, D 1530. q.v. PURDEW\ PURDEY p'[ll:L,rN"}=''oo.man,q,v. PURDIE (for Pardew (through the pron. PURDUE f/Br-), q.v. ' PULSON = Poulson, q.v. PURDY PULTER = Poultep, q.v. PURDYEi That Redcrosse knight, perdie, I never William ^e Pulter.— slew. Spenser, The Faerie Queene, \, vi. 42. Lane. Rental, A.D. 1322. — PURDOM (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the PULTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Pool En- oath ParDom ! By (the) Lord! [Fr. par, closure or FiiRMSTEAD [O.E. pul,pol + Lat. Fr. dom, Lat. domin-um (ace. tAn\ per + of domin-us), lord] PUMFORD for Pomfret, Pontefract, q.v. There has been some confusion with next name. PUMFREY ' for the Welsh Ap-Humfrey, the PUMFRAY Ap-Humphrey = Son of Hum- \ PURDON (Eng.) Dweller at the Peartree- PUMPHREYJ phrey, Humfrey, q.v. [Wei. HlLi, [O.E. pirige, peartree -|- diin, hill] ap, son\ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) nickname: Pure PUMPHERSTON (Celt. + Eng. ) Bel. to PUREFOY a Pumpherston (Scotland) = Pumphrev's Faith [Ft. pure ((.), Lat. pura + O.Fnfoy Town [O.E. tiin\ (Ft. foi), Lai. fides, faithj PUREY, like Pury, a var. of Pirie, q.v. PUNCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Nor.-Fr. Ponchie, Fr. Ponce, Lat. Pontius [f. {a) Lat. pons, poritis, PURKINS for Perkins, q.v. the a bridge ; (6) Lat. pontus (Gr. irdwos), / sea] Robert Punche. Hund. Soils. purkIIsI^-p^-'^'^^-i-

PUNCHARD, the Nor.-Fr. Ponchard = PURNELL for Pernell : v. Parnell. Ponch{e (v. Punch) + the dim. suif. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard] PURRIER, a var. of Perrier", q.v.

PUNCHEON 1 the Nor.-Fr. Ponchon ( Fr. PURSELL1 p '""'•cell,,1 qv. (v. , PUNSHON i Ponfon) = Ponch{e Punch) . pursaill; + the dim. suff. -on] PURSER (A.-Lat.) i Cashier, Paymaster. PUNNETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Ponet, for 2 Purse-Maker. Pontet, a, local name = the Little Bridge [Fr. pent, Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge + the [M.E. pwser(e ; O.E. purs (Lat. bursa), a Fr. dim. suff. -et] purse -t- the agent, suft. -ere]

PUNT (A.-Fr.-iLat.) I the 'Fx{Du)Pont={Oi the) PURSEY for Percy, q.v. Bridge [Fr. /io«;, Lat. />o»J, -«ftij PURSHOUSE (Eng.) The first element of 2 (occ.) a contracted form of P u n n ett,q.v. this Midland local surname (i6th cent. Persehouse) is prob. the French pers. name PUNTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Po«rfer, a South. Pers or Piers (Peter). Purshall, the Fr. word for a perron [f. Lat. pons, pontis, Worcestershire place-name, was Pershull a bridge] [M.E. hull, a hill] in the 13th and 14th PUPLETT; v. Poplett. centuries.

PURCELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the PURSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Purslow (Salop), Young Pig [A.-Fr. puKel(l, porcelQ, O.Fr. 1 6th cent. Purslane [the second element

poreel (Ft. pourceau, a pig), if. (with dim. is O.E. hlAw, a (burial) mound, hill ; the suff. -el) Lat.porc-us, a pig] first represents a pers. name in the geni- Roger Poreel. Hund. Rolls. tive ease—perh. the A.-Sax. Paghere] —— — —

96 Purton Pyzer

PU RTON (Eng.) Bel. to Purton(Wilts, a.d. 796, 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Puttoc, Puttuc

Puritun, Perytiin, a.d. 854, Peritiin ; Glouc, [-0C, -uc, dim. suff.] etc.) = the Pear-Tree Walter Pnttok.—Hund. ; Puriton, Soms. Rolls. Orchard or Enclosure [O.E. *purige, PUXON I Puck's Son : v. Puck, Pook(e. pyrige,pirige, peartree {pere, pear) + tun, enclosure, etc.] 2 for Puxton, q.v. (Eng.) Bel. to Puxton (Soms.; PURVIS "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Parvis PUXTON Wore.) = Puc(c)'s Estate [v. under PURVES J or PoRCH(gen. of a church) [A.-Fr. P6ok(e ; and + O.E. tiin] parvys, O.Fr. parvis, L.Lat. paravis-us ; Lat. paradis-us] PUZEY, V. Pusey. The parvis, or portico, of old St. Paul's PYATT = Py(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufif. -at. was much frequented by lawyers. A Sergeant of the Lawe, war and wys, PYBUS (N.Eng.orScand.)Dweller at the Pike- That often hadde ben at the Parvys.— Busk (Bush) [v. under Pike and Busk] Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 309-10. Elena Pykebusk. The u in the name is due to the pronun- Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. ciation Parvis. But Pike- perh. refers to the prickly PU RY, a var. of Pirie, q.v. nature of the bush rather than (as Bards- William atte Purye. ley thought) to a Peak or Hill. Subsidy Roll, Soms., A.D: 1327. PYCOCK = Py(e (q.v.) + cock. PURYER, a var. of Perriep*, q.v. PY(E (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname and sign-name PUSEY 1 (Eng.)Bel.toPusey(Berks); Pewsey from the Magpie [M.E. O.Fr. pye, pie, Lat. pica, a magpie] PUZEY ; (Wilts), the Al-Sax, Pefesig=PETE's Waterside ' [O.E. i(e)g, island, etc.] John Py&.—rHund. Rolls. ' And she was proud and peert as is a PUTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Putley = i the PiT- /liie.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3950. Lea [v. under Putt', and -t- M.E. ley, O.E. ledh] His ledene [speech] be in oure Lordes 2 Put(t)a's Lea [v. under Putt'], ere Like a pies chiteryng.— PUTTMAN}' = P"tt(q.v.) + ... Piers Plowman, 7935-6. 1 (Fr.-Lat.-t-Eng.) Dweller at the 2 a metathesized form of Putnam, q.v. PYECROFT PYCROFT J Magpie-Field [v. under Py(e PUTNAM \ (Eng.) Bel. to Puttenham (Herts; and Cpoft] PUTTNAM ] Surrey), the A.-9ax. *Puttanhdm 1 (Fr.-Lat.+ Eng.) a nickname apd = 's Home or Estate [Puitan-, PYEFINCH PYFINCH J sign-name from the Pie-finch or genit. of Putta (v. under Putt") -t- hdm, Chaffinch [v. under Py(e and home, etc.] Finch'] PUTNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Putney (Surrey), the PYET \ = Py(e (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufi. A.-Sax. Puttanig = Putta's Waterside PYETTJ -et. [Puttan-, genit. of Putta (v. under Putt') Here comes the worthy prelate as pert i{e)g, island, etc.] + as a pyet.—W. Scott ; Webster. PUTT (Eng.) I Dweller at a Pit or Pond PYGOTT = Pigott, q.v. [M.E. put{te,pyt(te, O.E.pyt(t, Lat. pute-us] PYKE = Pike, q.v. John de la Putte.—Hund. Soils. PYLCH(E = Pilch, q.v. For I shal punysshe hem [them] in purgatorie PYLE = Pile, q.v. Or in the^M^ of helle. Who fifty rock-rear'd />yfej and castles... Piers Plowman, 6356-7. —Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxix. 285. j2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Putta, Puta [app. a descriptive nickname, f. a var. of PYMM}=P'"'(«"'q-^- 0:E. pyt{t, a pit or pustule Lat. a ; pute-us, PYNE = Pine, q.v. pit] With many high lorer [laurel] and pyn. PUTTERGALLl „ Do.*„rfoi PUTTERGILL )^-P°'^"^^'- —Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 1379. PYOTT = Py(e (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. suff. -ot. PUTTOCK 1 (Eng.) i a nickname and sign- PUTTICK J name from the Kite [Late M.E. PYPER = Piper, q.v. puttocke, M.E. puttoc, puttok, a kite, hawk] PYRIE = Pirie, q.v. Like as aputtocke having spyde in sight A gentle faulcon sitting on an hill.. PYSER "* Spenser, Faerie Queene, V. v. 15. — — — — —

97 Quadling Quatermass Q QUADLING, V. Quodling. QUAREL "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.)Dwellerat a Quarry QUARELL/ [M.E. quarel, O.Fr. quarrel; prop. QUAGGIN, V. the commoner form Quiggln. M.E. quarrer{e,O.Fr. guarriere (Fr. carriire), a quarry ;ult. f. Lat. quadrare, to square] QUAID (Celt.) for the Irish Mac Uaid = Son Nevill. OF Uad [cp. O.Ir. «arfa, a master] Ivo 4e Quarel. Testa de

QUAIFE (A.-Fr.-Ger.-Lat.), earlier Quoife and QUARK, v. Quirk. " the Coyfe ; a pickname from the headdress or It was the commoner name in Isle cap so called (perh. specifically from the of Man 200 years ago, but now Quirk has close-fitting cap of lawn or silk orig. almost entirely superseded it." worn by sergeants-at-law) [Fr. cqiffe, A. W. Moore, p. 15. O.H.Ger. Lat. a cup] chuppha ; cuppa, QUARLES. Bel. to Quarles (Norf.), a.d.

1 501-2 same spelling [the lack of suffici- QUAIL \ (Celt. Lat.) the Manx contracted + ently early forms precludes a definite QUAILE .form of the Celt. MacPhail = Son opinion on the etymology, but the name QUALE OF Paul, q.v. looks dial. pron. of A.-Fr. QUAYLE-' like a quarels= quarries: see under Quarel(l] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname and sign- ) Bel. name from the Quail [A.-Fr. quaille (Fr. QUARMBYl (Scand. to Quarmby QUARNBY J (Yorks), 14th cent. Quemhy = caille) ; of L.Ger. orig.] the Hand-Mill Place [O.N. /6«er«, a In France, the dim. caillette signifies a quern -|- 6j;-r] chatterer, a gossip. QUARNDON (Eng.) Bel. to Qiiafndon (Derby) QUAINT"! (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Prudent, Skilful; = the Hand-Mill Hill [O.E. cweom, a QUANT J Neat, Fastidious; Odd, Curious quern + diin, a hill] [M.E, guaynt{e, queynt{e, coyni(e, coint(e; QUARREL ] O.Fr. coint, prudent, etc.; Lat. cognit-us, QUARRELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) = Quarel(l, q.v. known] \ QUARRILL J Michael le QneyrA.—Pari. Writs. Margaret la Coynte. Cat. Inq. P.M. QUARRIER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Quarryman [O.Fr. quarrier (Fr. carrier), Lat. quadratari-us, a And therfore have I greet necessitee stone-cutter (stone-squarer] Upon this queynte world tavyse [to ad- 2 Dweller at a Quarry [O.Fr. quarriere vise] me.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 61425-6. (Fr. carrihe) ; f. Lat. quadrare, to square]

. . . She, nothing quaint (Eng.) Bel. to Nor 'sdeignfull of so homely fashion. QUARRINGTON Quarrington [As Quarrington, Bucks, was formerly Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III. vii. 10. Quarrendon, and Quarrington, Durham, QUAINTON (Eng. ) Bel. to Quainton = formerly Queringdon (app. for an earlier Quinton, q.v. Querendon), these places prob. owe the first of their Quainton, Bucks, is also known as element name to the O.E. Quinton-Malet. cweom or cwyrn, a hand-mill, with the second element O.E. dun, a hill ; but the QUAINTRELL] Lincolnshire Quarrington occurs as QUEINTRELL t forms of Cantrell, q.v. Querinton, variantly Cuerntntiin (O.E. tUn, QUANTRELL J estate), in a Latin charter of the Confes- sor's time which is, however, considered QUALTER (Celt. + Teut.) for the Irish and spurious] Manx Mac Walter = Son of Walter, q.v. QUARTERMAIN \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Four-Han- - QUALTERS = Qualter (q.v.) with E. genit. -s. QUARTERMAINE ded, i.e. Mail Fisted QUARTERMAN ' [A.-Fr. quatrentayn{s, qua- QUALTROUGH (Manx), 17th cent. Qualteragh QUATERMAIN 1 treman{s, quatermain{s,

' — Qualter (q.v.) wdth the pers. suff. -agh O.Fr. jaaft'e-iMfltB, four - handed ; Lat. (-ach). quatuor, four, and man-us, hand] QUANTOCKI (Eng.) Bel. to Quantock Clare Quatremayns. Hund. Rolls. QUANTICK f (Soms.), 9th cent. (K. .lElfred's QUARTON (Eng.) i for Wharton, q.v. Will) Cantuctiin = Cantuc's Estate 2 for Quarnton = the Quern (Hand- [pers. name with O.E. dim. suff. -uc; + Mill)-Place [O.E. cweorn tUn] O.E. ttin, estate, etc.] + Cantucuudu (Soms.) occurs in a charter QUATERMASS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Quatre- a.d. 682 ('Caft. Sax,' No. 62). mares (Normandy) = the Four Pools — — — —

98 Quay Quickman

hild, [Fr. guatre, Lat. quatuor, four + theph of (ft) Cynehild [O.E. cyne-, royal 4-

Ff. mare, L.Lat. mara, a pool ; Lat. mare, war, battle] > sea] Thomas Quenild. Hund. Rolls. Adam de Quatremars. Testa de Nevill. 2 for the A.-Sax. male pers. name [O.E. bold, keen QUAY, V, Kay. Coenw{e)ald coene, + iv{e)ald, power] " Probably contracted fro

[O.E.

as second element, the M.E. , sted, O.E. QUEENBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Queen- siede, a place ; but without sufficiently borough, Queeniborough = the Queen's early forms nothing definite can be said as to the etymology of the first element, Stronghold [O.E. cw4n, queen + hurhi stronghold] which may perh. be the East. Dial. E. Queeniborough, Leic, was Quenhure in queach, a thicket. the 13th cent. Queenborough, Kent, was " QUEX (Eng.) Bel. to Quex (Kent). [This place anc. Cyninghurg (Royal Castle) : Edward " anciently belonged to the Quek family,"' III. rebuilt the castle . . . and conferred from which it is tolerably evident that on it its present name in honour of his Quex is merely the genit. (Queks) of the queen Philippa " {Nat. Gaz.) family-name Quek : v. Queck, Quick] QUEINTRELL, v. Quaintrell. QUICK (Teut.) i Quick, Lively, Nimble "I [M.E. quicke, QUEK, V. Queck ante. QUICKE ) quic, quik, quyk; O.E. cwie (= O.Sax. quiU) = O.N. kuik-r, living, QUEKETTI alive] V. Queckett ante. QUEKITT ; Robert Quic. Hund. Rolls. And short and [variantly QUELCH (Celt. + Teut.) for Mac Wekh = guik quyk] and ful of hy sentence.— Son of the Welshman : v, Welch [Ir., Gael., and Manx mac, son] Chaucer, Cant. Tales, Prol. 306. (occ.) 2 Dweller by a Quick-Tree, i.e. QUENBY "1 (Scand.) Bel. to Quenby, (Leic), a Rowan-Tree or Mountain-Ash ; orig, 13th cent. Quenebi=\.he QUEIVIBY J Woman's an Aspen [O.E. cwic tredw, an aspen] or Women's Estate [O.N. kudn, a woman, wife or O.N. genit. pi. of ; kuenna, kona, a QUICKFALL (Scand.) Dweller at the Quick- woman, wife + 6j/-r, farm, estate] Tree Hill [v. under Quick', and -f- O.N.

fiall, a hillj fell ; but Quick- here may perh. QUENDON (Eng.) Bel. to Quendon (Essex) refer to the grass so called : cp. the Dan.- = the Queen's or the Woman's Hill Norw. kvikgrcEs] [the genit. of O.E. «u/«, a queen, wife ; or cwene, a woman + din, a hjll] This is specifically a Yorkshire and Lincolnshire surname. QUENNELL(A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Quenel, a local name = the Little Oak [North. QUICKLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Quick- Fr. quine (Ff. chine), O.Fr. quesne, Lat. Tree (Or the Quick-Grass) Lea [v. undei; of quern-us, of -|- quesn-us, mutat. oak ; querc- Quickfall and Quick'', and M.E. ley, -us, oak-tree -|- the dim. suif. -el] O.E. ledh, a lea, meadow]

(Eng.) I for. the A.-Sax. fern. pers. name Qcc. (Celt.) for Quigley, q.v. (a) CiBiitkild [O.'E. cwdn, queen, wife; cwene, woman -|- hild, war, battle] QUICKIVIAN = Quick (q.v.) + man. — —

99 Quigg^in Quy

QUIGGIN (Celt.) a contr. of the Erse Mac QU I NCE (Fr.-Lat.) a French form of the Latin Guaigin = Son of Guagin, i.e. the Quint\i)us (the common Roman praeiiomen Frivoler [Ir. mac, son + the genit. of usually abbreviated Q) = the Fifth (Son guagin, a light, frivolous person] or Child) [Lat. guintus, fifth]

QUIGLEY (Celt.) for the Irish O'Coigligh or QUINCEYl (Fr.-Lat.) Bel.toQuincey,Quincy, O'Cuigligh = Grandson or Descendant QUINCY jQuinfay (France), the M.Lat. OF COIGLEACH Or CUIGLEACH [Ir. 6 OX ua, Quinciacum = Quint(i)us's Estate [v. grandson + the gienit. of Coig- or Cuig- under Quince, and -1- the Lat. - Gaul, leach, app. f. O.Ir. ciiig, counsel, advice, possess, suff. -dc-uni\ with the plen. suff. -l{e)ach] This name sometimes oqcurs in our i3th-cent. Hundred-I^oUs as de Quency. QUILKIN (Celt. + Teut.) a contr. of Mac Wilkin = Son of Wilkin, q.v. QUINE l (Celt.) contr. of Mac Coinn or Mfac YN Cuinn = Son of Conn, i.e. Counsel, = QU E J aUlLL (Celt.) for (a) the Irish O'Cuill Reason [Ir. mac, son -|- coinn or cuinn, Grandson or Descendant of Coll, i.e. genit. of conn, counsel, etc.] the Hazel-Tree [Ir. d or ua, grandson -j- QUINEY, v. Quinney. the genit. {cuilt) of coll, the hazel-tree]

(6) the Irish il^acCwW =, Son of Coll, QUIN LAN \ (Celt.) the Irish Caoindhealbhan i.e. the Hazel-TrEe. QUINLAND J (

a quilt ; Lat. culcita, a mattress, cushion] heart ; <2e, of ; leone, abl. of leo, lion] le Rolls. Richard Qm\teT.—Hund. QUYi (ScandO i a nickname from the Heifer

[North. E. and Scot, guy : cp. Swed. gviga, QUIN, v. O'Quinn. Dan.-Norw. koie, a heifer]

i Bel. to Quy (Cambs) ; or Dweller by QulMlY}

100 Raban Raffe R RABAN (Teut.) Raven [O.H.Ger. rtAan, hra- Radley, Berks, was Radeley in the 13th ban (mod. robe) = Goth. *hrabn-s, a raven] cent. Radeledh is the form found in a loth-cent. Wilts charter. RABBITT (Teut.) i a' nickname from the Rabbit [M.E. rahei\ RADMELLI Redmill,p„w„i„ q.v.„„ 2 a corrupt descendant of the O.Teut. RADIVIALl|= ReEdbod,Radbod,Radbot= Fleet Messenger Rodmill, or Rodmell, Sussex, was [O.E. {h)ra!d = *O.Sax. O.H.Ger. rado, formerly Rodmell. swift + O.E.6(7(/a=O.Sax.6-] The Cheshire Raby was Rabie in RADMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Radmore = 1 the Doniesday-Book. Red Moor [O.E. r{e)dd + wjrfr] j 2 the Road-Moor RACKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Rackham (Sussex) [O.E. rdd + mSrl = app. WRiECCA's Home or Estate Radmore, Staffs, was anc. Radmore and [O.^.wracca, stranger, exile (cognate with Rademore. Ger. recke, warrior, hero — O.H.Ger. RADNOR (Eng.) Bel. to Radnor, the A.-Sax. w)recko, stranger, exile ; &nA Goth, wrakia, Readaora, dat. form Readanoran (a.d. 774) persecution) ; Mm, home, etc.] = At the Red Bank or Shore [O.E. RACKSTRAW(Eng.) a nickname for a Scaven- r{e)dda, dat. r(e)ddan, red + dra, dat. dran, ger; lit. Straw-Raker [f.O.E. raca, a rake, bank, shore] and stredw] RADULF \(Teut. ) the O.Teut. Rcedwulf, RADBONE I for Rad borne, q.v. R^D\^\.PH ] Radwolf, etc. = i Swift Wolf 2 for Rathbone, q.v. [O.E. (h)reed = O.N. hra^ = O.H.Ger. rado, fleet, swift -|- O.E. O.Sax. = RADBORN(E (Eng.) Bel. to Radbourne wulf O.N. O.H.Ger. RADBOURN(E (Derby), Radbourn (Warw. ulf-r = wolf J RADBURN;(E Domesday, Redbotne), Red- 2 Counsel-Wolf [O.E. rdsd = O.Sax. bourn (Herts), Redbourne (Lines: 13th rdd = O.N. ra'tS = O.H.Ger. rdt, counsel] cent. Redbom, Redeburn) = 1 the Red The Latinized form Radulf-us is com- Stream [O.E. r(e)dd, red -|- bume, a mon in Domesday Book. stream] (Eng!) i at 2 the Reedy Stream [O.E. hredd, a reed] RADWAY Dweller the Red Road [O.E. r(e)ad weg\ Cp. Rodbour'n(e. + Radway, Warwickshire, the Domesday (Eng.) Bel. to RadcUffe, Radwei, Rodeweie, is in the of the RADCLIFF ] Rad- Vale RADCLIFFE klive = the Red Cliff [O.E. Red Horse. RADCLWeFE ) rie)dd + clif: W.Sax. charter 2 a descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name dat. form ' t6 reddanclife ^ Rcedivig = Fleet Warrior [O.E. (h)rced, This name was Latinized de Rubra Clivo. swift -|- wzga, warrior] RadcUffe, Lanes, is Radeclive in Domes- RAE = Ray, q.v. day-Book. " cliff " The of red rock is on Both daes [does] and roes down [dun] the south-eastern side of the River Irwell. and rsd.—Sir Gray Steill, 2327. Cp. RatclifT(e. RAEBURN (Eng.) DweUer by the Roe-Brook RADFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Radford = i the [O.E. rd, a roe + bume^ RADFORTH J Red Ford [O.E. r(e)dd -f- ford\ (rarely) 2 Rada's Ford. raffe} ' ^®^''"- ^°™^ °^ '^*'^> Ra'ph, q-v. The Warwickshire Radford was Rede- A squire he had, whose name was fordm Domesday-Book. The Worcester- Ralph, shire, Oxfordshire, and Notts Radfords That in th'adventure went his half. were Radeford in the 13th cent. A Though writers, tor more stately tone, Somersetshire Radford was Radaford in Do call ' him Ralpho, tis all one : the loth cent. And when we can, with metre safe, Bel. to i RADLEY (Eng.) Radley = the Red We'll call him so ; if not, plain Raph.— Lea [O.E. r{e)dd + ledK\ Butler, Hudibras, L i. 457-62. (rarely) 2 Rada's Lea. 2 dim. forms of Raphael, q.v. — — — —

lOI Rafferty Raisbeck

RAIN 1 (Teut.) contr.'of one or other of the RAINEJ O.Teut. Regetv^, Ragin-, names: v. Rainbird, Rainbow, Rayner, etc.] = (q.v.) the Fr. dim. RAFFETT \ Raff'(e + (rarely) (Fr.-Lat.) for the French Reine RAFFITT Jsuff. -rf. = Queen [Fr. reine, Lat. regind]

RAFFLE = Raphael, q.v. RAI N 81 RD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) a descendant of the (y.TeivA. Reginber{h)t, Raginber{h)t, RAFFLES, Raffle's (Son): v. Raffle, Raphael. etc., whence Fr. Raitnbert [O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. regin-, ragin- — Goth, ragin- RAGG "1 (Scand.) i a contr. of the Scand. = O.N. ragn-, rogn- = O.E. reg(e)n-, an names, esp.Ragnar(Ragnhar), RAGGE I Ragn- ancient intens. prefix (conn, with Lat. Ragnuald [O.N. ragna-, genit. ot regin, the rex, regis, ruler) implying might, rule ; god- gods (conn, with Lat. rex, a ruler) ; -har, Hke ( as O.E. regen-w(e)ard, mighty might, power] heir, army ; uald, guardian) -|- O.Sax. berht = O.H.Ger. 2 a nickname irom the Scand. ragg beraht = Goth. bairht'S = O.N. hiart-r = (O.N. rogg), 'shaggy hair.' O.E. be{p)rht, bright, illustrious] 3 a nickname from the O.N. rag-r, Rainbert. Domesday-Book. ' Geminate,' 'timid.' (occ.) (Eng.) a nickname from theWooD- William Ragge.—ifM«(?. Soils. PECKER,also called the Rainbird because it was supposed to foretell the fall of rain This is more particularly a Yorkshire [O.E. rain -|- a (young) bird] surname. regen, bridd, RAINBOW (Teut. and Fr.-Teiit.) a descendant RAGGATT"! I Ragged; Shaggy [M.E. ra^- ot the O.Teut. Reginbald, Raginbald, etc., RAGGETT ged{e : cp. O.N. ragga^S-r (and 1 whence Fr. Raimbaud, Raimbaultfv. under O.E. raggig), rough, shaggy] Rainbird, and -|- O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. Thomas le Ragged. Hund. Rolls. bald = Goth. *bali>-s = O.N. ball-r (with bold] 2 for the French Raguet, Ragot [pTob. lost dental) = O.E. b{e)ald, at- f. the same Teut. stem as (i) ; with the (occ.) (Eng.) a nickname from the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot] inospheric phenomenon, as for one affecting gaudy apparel fO.E. regenboga} 3 for Reigate, q.v. RAINCOCK = Rain (esp. Teut.), q.v. -{ the RAGMAN I = Ragg',' (q.v.) + tnan. E. pet suff. -cock.

2 = Ragg's Man (-Servant) : v. Ragg. RAINER, V. Rayner. 3 Ragged Man. the name for the Evil RAINES' Langlabd uses ' One— RAINS 1 1 Rain(e)'s (Son) : v. Rain(e, To go robbe that rageman 2 Bel. to Rennes (Brittany), anc. Con- And reve the fruyt fro hym. date Rhedonum, Or Confluence of the Piers Plowman, 10,978-9. Rhedones. Here rage- is evid. the O.N. rag-r, Richard de Rennes. Plac. de quo Warr.

earlier arg'-r = Ger. arg, 'bad.' . . . she [Guenever] was wrapped in The name occursln the Hundred-Rolls, cered cloth of Raines.— xxi. xi. but is now practically extinct. Morte d'Arthur,

RAINFORD 1 (Eng.)Bel.toRainford(Lancs), RAIKES, V. Rakes. RAINFORTH j 12th cent. Raineford, 13th cent.

Rayneford [O.E. ford, a ford : the first RAIL (FrJ a nickname from the bird so called element is prob. the genit., ran, of O.E.

[Fr. rdle, earlier rasle ; onomatopoeic] rd, a roe, if not the pers. name Rain(e : v. A quayle, the raile, and the olde raven. Raln(e] ' —Skelton, Colyn Cloute, 872. RAINGER = Ranger, q.v.

RAILTON is a doubtful name; having the RAINSCROFT (Eng.) i Dweller at Rain(e)'s of (of appearance an Eng. place-name Croft [v. Rain(e, and H- O.E. croft, a which I can find no trace), it may really small field! represent a French Rdleton = rdle (v. 2 for Ravenscroft, q.v Rail) + the Fr. double dim. suff. -et-on. RAISBECK (Scand.) Bel. to Raisbeck; or RAILWARD (Eng.) Wardrobe-Keeper [O.E. Dweller at the Roe's Brook [the genit. hrag{e)l, drgss, clothes + w(e)ard, keeper] of 0,N. rd, a roe -f bekk-r, a brook] — ——— — — —

102 Raison Ramsay

the O.Teut. etc. = RAISON (Teut.) Ray's Son : v. Rfiy. 2 Hramher(h)ti Raven-Bright [v. under Ranf»(m'i and RAISTRICK = Rastriokl q.v. -f O.E.be(o)rht = O.Sax. 6erfe = O.H.Ger. berakt = Goth, bairht-s, bright, glorious, RAIVELEY = Raveley, q.v. etc.] RAKE (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at a (Sheep-) RAMBAUD French forms of i the O.Teut. Walk [N.E. and Scot, rake, raik; O.N. RAMBAULT Raginbald, etc. : v. under Rain- reili, a strolling, wandering ; conn, with RAMBAUT bow'. O.E. racian, to go, and racu, a stream-bed] RAM BEAU 2 the O.Teut. Hrambald = Raven- RAKES, pi., and genit., of Rake. Bold [v.-under Ramlm', and -f- O.Teut. There is a Raikes in the parish of Ripon. bald, bold] RAM BLE. Acorrupt form pf the O.Teut. Ragin- RALEGH "I (Eng.) Bel. to Raleigh (S. Devon, largely tlirough the RALEIGH etc.); or Dweller at the Roe-Lea bald and Hrambald, \ French Rambaulf.v. under Rambau(l)t RALEY J [O.E. rd, a roe + ledh, a lea] and Rainbow'. Hugh de Ralegh. Hund. Rolls (Devon). (Eng.) Bel. to Rampton rCambs This name (as is well known) was RAM pro N ; 1 Ram- formerly pronounced Rawly— Notts), 13th cent. Rampton = the Enclosure [O.E. ram(m -^ tun] Sir Walter Rawleigh was one, that (it seems) Fortune had pickt out of purpose, 2 Hr^m(n)'s Estate [v. under Rann(m'] of whom to make an example, or to use The Camb. place was Ramtune in the as her tennis-ball. IfiQ- Com. Cantab. Naunton, Fragmenfa Regalia, c. 1630. RAMSAY, V. Ramsey. RALF ] RAMSBOTHAM'i (Etig.) Bel. to Ramsbottom RALFE Icontr. of i Radulf, Radulph, q.v. RAMSBOTHOM (Lanes) = the Ram's Val- RALPH J RAMSBOTTOM ley [the genit. of O.E. > 2 Randolf, Randolph, q.v. RAMSBOTTON ram(m, a ram -t- boim] There has been some confusion with The ^orms of this name with -bothom, Rolf, q.v. -botham are frequently found in the i6th cent., e.g.

RALFS, Ralf's (Son) : v. Ralf. Richard Romesbothom. Lane. Fines, A:D. 1558. RALPHS, Ralph's (Son) : v. Ralph. RAMSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Ramsbury (Wilts),. ('t6 Rammesburi') RAM \ (Teut.) i a nickname and sign-name loth cent. Rammesburh = Ramm's Stronghold [the pers. name RAMM J from the Ram [O.E. ram{m = Dut. ram — Ger. ramm] is from O.E. ramm, a ram, genit. rammes -H burh, a fortified place] Geoffrey le Ram. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. RAMSDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Ramsden = i the William atte Ramme. Ram's Valley [the genit. of O.E. ram{m, valley] Fine-Rolls, A.D. 1^20-1. a ram + denu, a 2 = Ram(m)'s Valley [the pers. name 2 Raven [O.E. hmm(n — O.H.Ger. from the animal-name, as above] hram\m (M.H.Ger. ram{m\ 3 = HRffi;M(N)'s Valley [O.E. hrcem(n, the O.Scand. pers. name = 3 Ramm-r a raven] J5TR0NG, Mighty [O.N. ramm-r} One of the Essex Ramsdens was Ramm- Ram. Domesday-Book. esden in,the 13th cent., as also was the Oxfd. Ramsden. The Yorkshire place was (A.-Fr.-Lat.) [M.E. O.Fr. RAMAGE Wild ; Romsdeyn in the 14th cent. The Hampshire wild (of a hawk), lit. ' living in ramage, tything is variantly Ramsdean. the branches ' j L.Lat. *ramatic-us, f. Lat. ram-US, a branch] RAMSEY \ (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Ramsey RAMSAY = I Hram's or Hr^m(n)'s Island Or ellis he is not wise ne sage, J or Waterside [the genit. of O.E. hreem(n, Nomore than is a gote ramage.— a raven ig, i(e)g, island, etc.] Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 5383-4. + 2 Ram's Island or Waterside [the v. RAM BART \ i the O.Teut. Raginbert, etc. : genit. of O.E. ram(m, a ram] under RainbiPd'. RAMBERT / 3 R^m(m)'s Island or Watei^side [the

The French saint-name Ramhert (from genit. of O.N. ram(m)-r, strong -f- ey, is- Teutonic) was Latinized Ragneberl-us. land, etc.] — — ; — —

103 Ramss^ill Rasen

Ramsey, Hunts, occurs in A.-Saxon RANKINi > i=Rand (q.v.) ) -ftheE.dim.suff. charters both as Rameseg and Hrameseg. RANKINEf 2= Rain(e (q.v.)f -Am [O.L.Ger. -k- ' ' Ramsey, I.o.M., was anciently Ramsoe in\ [Dan.-Norw. island] 0, RANKING = Rankin (q.v.) with added -^. Simon de Ramsey in Huntingdon settled q.v. in Scotland in the 12th century.^ RANNARD = Renard, MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 71. RANSCLIFF (Eng.) Bel. to Ranscliff = the Raven's Cliff [the genit. of 0,E. hrtefn, RAMSGILL \ (Scand.yBel. to Ramsgill = (the) of a raven + O.E. clifX RAM SKILL J Ram's Ravine [ the genit. O.N. ramim)-r + git\ " Ranscliff, Rainscliff, or Ravenscliffe," StaSs.—Nat. Gaz. RANACRE(S (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven- FiELlD(s fO.E. hrcefn,&rAvea+

RANGE, Rand's (Son) ; v. Rand. genit. of O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrafn, a raven

(a common pers. name) -f O.E. dcel = , RAND, a contr. of Randolf, q.v. O.N. dal-r, a valley] RANDAL RANSFORD (Eng.) Dweller at I^aven's Ford RANDALL [the genit. ot O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrafn, a raven -|- O.E. /orrf] RAN DELL 9pocopal forms of Randolf. q.v. I RANDLE RANOOL RAN SLAW (Eng.) Dweller at Raven's Law [the genit. of O.E.. krafn = O.N. hrafn, a the Refe. Randal raven + O.E. klckw, a burial mound, hill] 'TheTurnamentof Tottetoham," ; Percy. 22 Margareta de Ravenslawe. "They call me Jack when I'm abroad. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Sometimes they call me John (Eng.) i Dweller at Raven's Lea But when I'm in my father's bower RANSLEY [the genit. of O.E. hrafn, a raven (a com- Jock Randal is my name. mon pers. name) -f O.E. ledh"] 'The Bonny Hind,' 25-28 ; Child, yol. ii. 2 occ. confd. with Ranalaw, q.v.

RANDLES, Randle's (Son) : v. Randle. RANSOM lf„-Do«=,,« nif ransomeT "^"«°"' *'''• RAN DOLF 1 (Teut.) the O.L.Ger. Rand{w)ulf, ' redemption, is f. RANDOLPH O.N.Rondi2l/-r = Shield-Wolf So E. ransom,' M.fi. RANDULF rO.L.Ger. rand = O.H.Ger. rant ranso{u)n, Fr. ranfon.

RANDULPH-' (mod. H.Ger. rand) = O.N. rond RANSON I Rand's Son : v. Rand. = O.E- rand, the edge or the boss of a 2 Rain(e)'s Son : v. Rain(e. shield, a shiel4 + O.L.Ger. wulf *= O.H.Ger. wolf = O.N. Mf-r.= O.E. wulf, RANT, an unvoiced form of Rand, q.v. wolf] Randulfns.—Domesday-Book, RAPER (N.Eng.) Roper, Rope-Maker [M.E. raper ; O.E, rdp = O.N. reip, a rope + the But I kan [know] rymes of Robyn Hood agent, suff. -ere] And ifa«

Rand's (Son) : RANDS, v. Rand. RAPHAEL (Heb.) Healed of Gob [Heb.

R'phaM — rdphd, to heal ; El, God] RAN FORD, V. RalnfOPd.

RAPKIN = Ralph (q.v.) -\- the E. dim. suff. ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) Forest or Park RANGER -kin. Keeper [Fr. ranger, to range ; f. O.Teut. hrittg, a ring, circle] RAPKINS, Rapkin's (Son).

RANKEN, V. Rankin. RAPSON, Ralph's Son : v. Ralph.

RANKILL (Scand.) the Domesday (Yorks) RASEN (Scand.) Bel. to Rasen (the name, Ranchil, Ravenchil, O.N. Hrafnketill = with qualifying prefixes, of several ad- Raven-Cauldron [O.N. hrafn, a raven joining townships or hamlets in Lincoln- + ketill, a kettle, (sacrificial) cauldron] shire), so called from the Rase Riyer " Ramkel or Ravenkil ... would appear [O.N. rds, a watercourse, channel, race] to have been Thane of Bootle temp. Hen. Robert de Rasen. I."—Lane. Inq. i. 22. Hand, Rolls (Lines). — — —;

104 Rashleigh Rawdon

RASH LEIGH 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Rashleigh, Rash- The name occurs in the form Ravan in RASSLEIGH J ley, or Rasleigh (Devon), 16th 'The Oldest-Known List of Scandinavian cent. Rashley= (proh.) Ra's (or the Roe's) Names' (Yorks, loth cent.) Saga-Book Lea [a late genit. of O.E. rd, m., a roe- of the Viking Club, Jan. 1906, p. 296. buck + ledh] The raven was the Danes' national RASSELL, an assim. form of Rastall, q.v. emblem. Among the spoil taken by the Saxons RASTALL ) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Rastel, was the famous banner of the Raven, said app. a nickname RASTELL I or sign-name to have been woven in one day by the from the RAKE [O.Fr. rastel (Ft. rdteau), sisters of Inguar and Ubba, and to have Lat. ra.steW-«wz, a rake, mattock] possessed the property of appearing be- Ralph Rastel.—ifMBd. Rolls. fore every battle flying Uke a living bird if the Danes were to be victorious; while RASTRICK (Scand.) Bel. to Rastrick (Yorks), in the contrary event ithung down motion- / 14th cent. , Rastrike, Domesday Rastric ff. less.—Lappenberg-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, [doubtful : if the second element corres- ii. 62 ; ad. from Asser, a.d. 878. pond to the Swed. streke, a current, the first element would prob. be the O.N. rd, RAVEN HILL (Eng.) i Dweller at the Raven- a roe] Hill [O.E. hreefn, a raven -|- hyll\ RATCLIFF 1 Ravenhill: several places of this name in RATCLIFFE Uor Racloliff(e, q.v. the vicinity of Whitby, North Riding RATLIFFE J Yorks, so named from having been the site of the Danish standard, or Raefen, RATHBONE"! found in i4th-cent. Cheshire during the invasions of Inguar and Ubba RATHBUN, Tecoids as' Rathebon, does not i in the 9th century. Nat. Gas. seem to be English, If the original 1 do not know on what authority the bearers of the name came from Ireland it National answers to the Irish Rathbane, Rathbaun Gazetteer made this statement.

for : = 'White Fort' [Ir. rath, a fort ; also palace (occ.) 2 Ravenkill v. under Ranklll. + bdn, white]. If from Wales (as seems RAVENS, Raven's (Soli) : v. more likely), the name prob. means the Raven. ' Stumpy Clearing or Plain ' [Wei. rhath, RAVENSCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at Raven's a cleared spot, plain (conn, with Ir. rath) Croft [y. under Raven and Croft] H- Wei. bon, a stock, stump, stem (conn, with Ir. and Gael, bonn, a foundation, More specifically Ravenscroft in Che- base] andis apparently aUied to'Ratisbon.' shire, in the 14th cent. Ravenscrofte.

(Eng.) Dweller at the Raven- RATHBORNE i for Rathbone, q.v. RAVEN SHAW Wood [O.E. hrafn sc{e)aga'\ 2 for Rad borne, q.v. + RATH M ELL (Scand.) Bel. to Rathmell (Yorks), RAVENSHEAR for Ravenshaw, q.v. 14th cent. Rauthmell, Domesday Rodemele RAW "I I = Roe, q.v. [Dan.-Norw. raa (pron. = the Red Sandhill or Sandbank RAWE J raw), a roe] (Rathmell is on the R. Ribble) [O.N. Theraitf-bucke is the first yeare a kid. rau^-r, red -f- mel-r'] Retumefrom Parnassus. A.D. i6o6; T.Wright. RATTRAY ^(Celt.) Bel. to Rattray (Perth- 2 = Row(e, q.v. RATTRY J shire^, 13th cent. Rathgriff [prob. O.Gael, rath, a fortress (there are traces 3 a nickname for a boorish individual of an old castle at Rattray) -|-?Gael. riabh- also a simpleton (as in 'Johnny Raw') ach, grey (Ir. riabhach yields -ry in place- [O.E. hredw = O.N. hrd-r, whence Dan.- names] Norw. raa, raw] There is also a Rattray in Aberdeenshire; Rattery in Devonshire. '^°™^ °^ Rathbone, q.v. and RAWBONE ( RAVELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Raveley (Hunts), 13th RAWCLIFFE (Scand.) Bel. to Rawcliffe = the cent. Ravele [O.E. ledh, a lea : the first Red Cliff [O.N. rau1S-r, red -|- element is app. a contraction of the klif] Lancashire A.-Scand. pers. name Hr(^f- or Rcefcytel, The Rawcliffe was Routhe- clif and Routheclive occurring in Domesday-Book as Ravechil in the 13th cent. ; one of the Yorks and Ravechetel, i.e. ' Raven- Kettle.' Rawcliffes was Rouclyff in the J4th cent. RAVEN (Eng. and Scand.) an ancient English and Scandinavian pers. name ; a nick- RAWDON (Eng.) Bel. to Rawdon (Yorks), name and sign-name from the Raven 14th cent. Rawdon = the Roe-Hill [O.E. [O.E. hreefn = O.N. hrctfti] rd = O.N. rd, a roe -1- O.E. dtin, a hill] — ;

105 Rawes Reade

RAWES, Rawe's (Son) : v. Raw(e. RAYDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Valley [v. under RayS and-|-O.E. denu, a valley] RAWKIN, a form of Ralph (q.v.) + the E. dim. sjuif. -kin. Confused with Raydon.

RAYDON (Erig.) Bel. to Raydon ; or Dweller RAWKINS, Rawkin's (Son) : v. Rawkin. at the Roe-Hill [v. under RayS and -|- RAWLAND = Rowland, q.v. P.E. dun, a hill] Confused with Rayden. RAWLE, a fonn of Ralph, q.v. [Fr. Ra0ul\ RAYLEIGH (Eng^ Bel. to Rayleigh; or Dweller RAWLENCE for Rawlins, q.v. at the Roe-Lea [v. under Ray', and -|- O.E. UaK] RAWLES, Rawle's (Son) ; v. Rawle. More specifically Rayleigh, or Raleigh, RAWLEY = Raleigh, q.v. Essex.

for q.v. RAWLIN = Rawl(e), q.v. + the Fr. dim. -in RAYMENT Raymond, [Fr. Raoulin\ RAYMOND (Teut.) Mighty or Godlike Pro- tection [Fr. O.Teat.Raginmund: RAWLING = Rawlfn (q.v.) with added -g. Raimond, V. under Rainbird', and + O.Teut. mund, ' RAWLINGS for Rawlins, q.v. protection, hand] RAYNBIRD = Rainbird, q.v. RAWLINS, Rawlin's (Son) 1 RAWLINSON, Rawlin's Son/^- «awiin. RAYNE = Raine, q.v. There sepms to have been some little confusion with Rowlands and Rowland- RAYNER \ (Teut.) Mighty or Godlike Army son. RAYNOR / [O.N. Ragttar = O.L.Ger. Regin- heri = A.-Sax. Regenhere [v. under Rain- RAWNSLEY, a var. of Ransley, q.v. bird, and -1- O.N. -ar for -har, herr = O.E. here = O.H.Ger. O.L.Ger. heri = Goth. RAWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Enclo- harji-s. army] sure [OiE. rd, a roe -)- wor^, enclosure, farm] Regenhere (d. a.d. 617) was the name of a son ot Rsedwald, king of East AngUa^ RAWS I Raw's (Son) ; v. Raw. Rainer-us is the common Domesday J 2 Rauf's (Ralph's) (Son) : v. Ralph. form. J?ey««rand Rayner are 13th and 14th cent, forms. RAWSON I Raw's Son : v. Raw. 2 Rauf's (Ralph's) Son: v. Ralph. RAYNES = Raines, q.v.

Willelmus Raufson. RAYSON I Ray's Son: v. Ray. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. 2 for Rasen, q.v. RAWSTHORN (Scand.) Bel. to Rostherne I , REA (Celt.) Grey [Ir. and Gael, ridbhach RAWSTHORNE ( Chesh. ), A.D. 1349-50 (bh mute] RAWSTORN Routhestom, a.d. 1323 - 4 2 Dweller by the River Rea [prob; RAWSTORNE Routhisthom = Rauth's Wei. rapid] RAWSTRON Thorn [the genit. of O.N. rhe, See Ree. rauV-r, red -\- ^om, thorn-tree]

"1 i READ (Eng.) Red-Haired ; Red-Com- RAY (Eng. and Scand.) apers. name, nickname, READE J PLEXIONED [M.E. read(e, reed, rede, and sign-name from the Roe [iVI.E. rayije, reid, O.E. riad, red] ra, O.E. O.N. td, a roe] Roger le Rede.—ffM»rf. Rolls. Richard le Ray.—Hund. Rolls. Willam Jie rede king [William Rufus].— Undir the rise the ra dyd ryn.-^ Rob. Glouc. ' Ckrott., 7249. , Tayis Bank,' 37. 2 Bel. to (Sca,nd.) for Wray, q.v. Read (Lanes), 13th and 14th cent. Reved [doubtful : the second element (Fr.-Lat.) King (a nickname or pageant- may be for either M.E. hed{e, O.E. hedfod, name) fO.Fr. ray, rey, Lat. rex, regis, king] a head(land, or Dan.-Norw. hede, a heath (Celt.) Dweller at a Plain or Level and the first may be the M.E. reve, O.E. [Gael, (and Ir.) reidh \dh mute] ge)rifa, a repve] Cp. Rae. ' An Adam de Reveshad ' is a surety in a Lane. Assize-Roll, RAYBOLD \ (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Ragin- a.d. 1246. RAYBOULDJ 6flM, etc. [v. under Rainbird', There has been some confusion with and -h O.Teut. bald, bold] Ridd, q.v. —— — —

io6 Readdie Reddock

But the Caithness place-name Keay Ready, q.v. ^i;J°CV'}= (13th cent. Ra, i6th cent. Ray) is app. the Gael, reidh (dh mute), ' a plain.' READER (Eng.) i Reed-Worker, Thatcher

[M.K. rederie ; O.E. hrSod, a reed + the REBBECK (Fr.-Teut.) One from Rebecq (Pas agent, suff. -ere] de Calais) = the Roe-Brook [from Low Emma le Redere. Hund. Rolls. Ger., as seen in Dut. ree, a roe, hind, and Dut. beek (O.Sax.beki, O.E. 6ecc), a stream] Reders and thackers or thaxters (thatch- ers) are commonly mentioned together in RECKITT for Rickett, q.v. the accounts of the mediaeval processions of craftsmen. RECORD I for Rickard, q.V-

a Lector ; Student [O.E. r&dere] 2 for Rickwapd, q.v.

READEY = Ready, q.v. REDBOURN(E (Eng.) Bel. to Redbourn, Red-

bourne ; or Dweller at i the Reedy Brook READFORD = Redford, q.v. [O.E. Mod, a reed -|- bume, a brook] READI NG (Eng.) Bel. to Reading, 9th and loth 2 the Red Brook [O.E. riad, red] cent. Reddingas = (the Estate of the) REDDALL (Eng.) t Dweller at the Red Hall ReAd- Family [O.E. redd, red + the pi., [O.E. r^ad, red h(e)all, a hall] -ingas (dat, pi. -ingum), of the fil. suff. -ing] + H6r cu6m se here t6 Reddingum on 2 for Reddell, q.v. West Seaxe. REDDAWAY for Redway, q.v. (In this year came the [Danish] army to Reading in Wessex). REDDELL (Eng.) i Dweller at the Red Hill A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 871. [O.E. r^ad (M.E. rede, etc.), red + hyll (M.E. hull(e, etc.), a hill] READMAN = Read' (q.v.) + man. Richard atte RedehuUe. = READSHAW Redshaw, q.v. Soms. Subsidy-Rdll, A.D. 1327. READWIN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Rckdwine = 2 Dweller at the Red Well [O.E. riad, red w(t)ella, a well, spring] Counsel-Friend [O.E. rckd, counsel + -I- wine, friend] Reddell, Wore, was Radewette in the 13th cent. READY (Eng.) = Read • (q.v.) +the dim. suff. -y. for q.v. (Ir.) for the Irish O'Riada = Descen- 3 Reddall, dant OF RiAD [Ir. d or ua, grandson, There has been some confusion with descendant; and cp. Ir.riadh-dch, brownish, Riddel(l, q.v. brindled] I Dweller at the Red Dike [O.E. (Ir.-Teut.) a double dim. of Redmond, REDDICK q.v. read + die] (rarely) 2 for Riddock, q.v. REAKES, a var. of Raikes, Rakes, q.v. REDDIEl Ready, q.v. REAMS (Celt.) Bel. to R(h)eims (France), REDDY J anc. Remis, dat. pi. of the Belgic tribal name Remi. REDDING (Eng.) i Dweller at the Red Mea- dow [O.E. riad, red -f O.N.E. ing, O.N. Hugo de Reymes.— Rolls. Hund. eng, a meadow] was the of Remi name the leading Bel- There is a Redding in Stirlingshire. gic people, and it would seem to be of the 2 for Reading, q.v. same origin as the Welsh rhwyf, a king, Irish riam, before. REDDISH (Eng.) Bel. to Reddish (Lanes), Rhys, Celt. Brit., ed. 1908, p. 313. 13th cent. Reddich, Redich = the Reedy [O.E. REARDON = Riordan, q.v. Ditch hriod, a reed + die, a ditch] Confused with Redditch. REASBECK, a var. of Ralsbeck, q.v. REDDITCH (Eng.) Bel. to Redditch (Wore), I Rea's Son : v. Rea. REASON A.D. 1300 Redediche. The local evidence 2 a var, of fiayson and Rasen, q.v. here points to the signification of Red Ditch [O.E. r^ad, red + die, a ditch] [Ir. REAVY 1 (Celt:) Grey and Gael, riabhach REAY / (bh as v, and sometimes mute] REDDOCK, v. Riddock. —— —

107 Redfearn Reeti

REDFEARN Dweller among the Re;d A.-Sax. SErig.) REDMOND 1 (Teut.) the Rckdmund, i"ERN(s REDFERN fO.E. tSad + feami RED MONDE i O.Ger. Rddmund = Counsel- REDFERNE REDMUND I Pr;otection [O.E. rdd = There has been confusion with the O.Sax. rdd = O.H.Ger. rdt = O.N. rdV, next name. counsel, advice+O.E. O.Sax. O.N. mund= O.H.Ger. mmt (Ger. mund), hand, protect REDFEN (Eng.) Bel. to Redfen (Warw.), 14th tion] cent. Wridefen = the Thicket-Fen [O.E. Occ. confused with Redman, q.v. wrid, a thicket + fenn, a fen] Confused with the preceding name. REDPATH \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Red Path REDPETH ; [OiE. riad + />««] REDFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Ford More specifically, Redpath, Berwick, [O.E. >-^ai+/ord] and Redpeth, Northuniberland. A Riadford is mentioned (obliquely, 'on r6adan ford') in a Somersetshire charter REDSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Wood A.D. 938. [O.E. f'iad, red -1- sc{e)aga (M.E. shaw{e), a Cp. Retford and Radford. W00(^]

There is a Redshaw (Hall) in Yorkshire. REDGRAVE U Eng. ) Dweller at the Red REDGROVE / Grove [O.E. riad, red + grdf, REDWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Road ' 'a grovej [O.E, riad weg\ Redgrave, Suffolk, was spelt the same + in the 14th cent. REDWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Wood

[O.E. riad -f- w«rf»] REDHEAD (Eng.) i Red Head [O.E. r^rf, red + hiafod, a head] John de Redewode. Testa de Neuill, 13th cent. John Redheved. Hund. Rolls. 2 Dweller at the Red HEAD(land [same REE I Dweller by a Stream or Channel

etymology] [Dial. E. and Scot, ree : prob. Dial. Fr, rieu stream, Redhead is the name of a promontory (O.Fr. riu, Fr. ru), a gutter—L.L.at. in Forfarshire. nu-{ii)s, Lat. riv-us, a stream, channel ; but not imposs. a weak form of O.E. ri^e, a REDHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller attheRED House rivulet] [O.E. riad + h,As\ 2 Dweller at a (Walled) Animal-En- CLOsuiiE [Dial. E. and Scot, ree, a walled REDLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Lea [O.E. or bahked enclosure for sheep, etc. : perh. read, red + Uah (M.E. ley), a meadow] f. the N.Fr. rie, a bank ; app. a weak deriv. Cp. Radley. of Lat. ripa, a bank:, hardly f. the Fr. local (L.Lat. waste or uncultivated Roger de Redlee. Himd. Rolls. ,riez riesa), land] REDMAN (Eng.) Red Man [O.E. riad, red + Philip ad Res.—Hund. Rolls. man\ See Rea and Rye. Cp. Blackman. 2 the A.-Sax Rdbdman — CbUNCiL-MAN REECE, an Anglicized form of Rhys, q.v. [O.E. rAd, council, counsel + man\ 3 Horseman [O.E. rdideman(^n\ REED = Read, q.v. There has been confusion with Red- Hir mouth ful smal and ther to softe mayne and Redmond. and r^erf.—Chaucer, Ca«/. Tales, A 153.

REDMAYNE \ (Eng.) t Bel. to Redmain REEDER = Reader, q.v.

REDMAIN' I (Cumb.), 13th cent. RM{e)man, also Rydeman. REEDY = Ready, q.v. This may be a pers. name with a local

suffix dropped ; or the name may be due REEK, a Scot. dim. of Rtckard, Richard, q.v. to some natural fekture, as a rock, re- sembling a man. REEKIE, a Scot, double dim. of Rickard, (rarely) 2 the A.-Sax. RAdntcegen — Richard, q.v. [E. dim. buff, -ie, -y] Counsel-Strength [O.E. rded, counsel REEKS, Reek's (Son) : v. Reek. + mcegen, might] Confused with Rednnan. REEN (Celt;) Dweller at k Point of Land, [Gael. Ir. REDMILL "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Red Mill Promontory r(o)inn = rinn REDMILEJ [O.E. riad + mylnj (O.Ir. nnd) == Wei. rhyn} = — —

io8 Rees Renacres

REGISTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Registrar [f. Anglicized forms of Rhys, q.v. rIeIe } REGESTERJ O.Fr. registre, a record,. L.Lat.

registr-um ; Lat. regerere, sup. regestum, to Cp. Reece, Rice. carry back]

REESON I Rees's Son : v. Rees. REID, the Scot, form of Read', q.v. 2 V. Reason. Reid Kit—ColkeBie Sow, 171. Steward, Bailiff [M.E. reve, REEVE (Eng.) ... hehadnathingonhisheidbotsyde refe, etc. ; O.E. ge)rdfa\ [low-hanging] >«(? yallow hair. John le Reve. Hund. Rolls. Lindsay, Hist, and Cron. Scotl. ('Ane Mirakill Sen"). The reve was a sclendre colerik man . . . Wei koude he kepe a garner and a Why rins thy stream, O Yarrow, Yarrow, bynne ... reid [with blood] ? In youthe he lerned hadde a good ' The Braes of Yarrow,' 25: Percy's Reliques. myster [trade] ; He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter. REIDPATH, a North, form of Red path, q.v. —Chaucer, Cant Tales,Vro\. 587, 593, 613-4. 'What is thy name, ffellow, by thy REIDY, a var. of Ready, q.v.

leave ' ?

' — Marry,' quoth hee, ' lohn the Reeve.' REIGATE (Eng.)' Bel. to Reigate, 13th and John the Reeve, 133-4. 14th cent. Reygate = the Ridge-Gate [O.E. a ridge geat, a gate, open- See also the quotations under Procter hrycg, -t- ing] and Perkin (third). John de Rtygate.—Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1261. REEVELL = Revell, q.v. REILLEY^ REEVES, (the) Reeve's (Son) \ „ . REILLY ''• «eeve. for O'Reilly, q.v. REEVESON, (the) Reeve's Son J REILY Thoinas le Revesone.^- RELLY Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1303-4. RELF for Ralf, Ralph (q.v.), through the = q.v. REEVEY Reavy, RELFE pron. Ralph. RELPH Rdlf, REFFELL, a form of Raphael, q.v. REMBLANT, a lallated form of Rembrand(t, REFFITT, a var. of Raffltt, q.v. q.v.

(Celt.) [Ir. king (Teut.) the O.Teut. Renbrand, Kinglet Riagdn—rUa REMBRAND ) + the double dim. suff. -g-dn] REMBRANT \Reginbrand, etc. = Mighty or REMBRANDT' Godlike Brand [v. under REGINALD (Teut.) the O.Teut. Reginwald, Rainbird, and -1- O.Teut. brand, brant, i Raginwald (Mod. Ger. R^in{w)ald), Regen- sword, firebrand] etc. Mighty or Godlike Power w{e)ald, Renbrand occurs in Heyne's List of 9th- under Rainbird, and -|- O.Sax.^OaiaW fv. = iith cent. Old Low German Proper = O.H.Ger. gtjwalt = O.E. ge)w(e)ald Names. O.N. uald, power, might] Regenwald, Reginwald, or Reginald, was REMER for Rimer, q.v. the name of a Northumbrian king men- q.v. tioned, e.g., by Simeon of Durham under REM FRY for Renfrey, A.D. 912. Bel. to REMINGTON "I (Eng.) Rimington Dr. Kleinpaul (' Die Deutschen Per- REMMINGTON / (Yorks), 14th cent. Rymyng- sonennamen,' 1909), who imagines that ton, Remyngtonjapp. the Domesday Reni- the German Reinhold is from Reinwald (I), tone) = the Estate of the Hrkmm goes (p. 39) with somewhat superfluous Family [A.-Sax. *Hremminga-tun—hremm, detail into the signification of the latter raven -1- -inga, genit. pi', of the fil. suff. name— a -ing -t- tun, estate, manor, etc.] Reinwald beruht wieder auf Reginviald, ist fiir einen mit und ein Name fahigen, REMNANT, prob. a corrupt form ol Rem- seines Amtes waltenden Klugheit Ge- brant, q.v. meindevorstand. Cp. Reynold. RENACRES, v. Ranacres. — ——— — — —

109 Renard Renwick

RENARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) the O.Teut. REN N ELDS = Reynolds, q.v. Renhard,, Reginhard, Reginhart (whence Fr. Regnard, Regnart, Renard), Reg{e)n- RENNELL tor Reynold, q.v. h(e)ard, etc. = Mightily Firm or Brave [v. under Rainbird, and + O.L.Ger. hard plllJj^lLs^jforRennelds, Reynolds, q.v. = O.H.Ger. hart = O.E. h{e)ard = O.N. har^r, hard, firm, brave] RENNICK for Renwick, q.v. We find this term in 'Be6wulf,' 1. 657— rondas regn-hearde RENNIE, a North, double dim. of fieynold, (shield-bosses extremely hard). Reginald, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -ie] (Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the Fox RENSHALL for Renshaw, q.v. [Fr. renard, a fox : etymology as above] RENSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Raven- RENAUD (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the O.Teut. Regin- Wood or Raven's Wood [O.E. hrafn, a RENAULD wood] RENAULT wald, Reginwalt, etc.: v. Reynold, raven + sc{e)ag(f, a RENAUT Reginald. Stephen de Ravenshagh. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1342. John Renaud. Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. Richard Raynshaw. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1556. Richard fll. Renaut. Testa de Nevill John Rainshaw. RENDALL\ i for Randall, Randell, Randle Wills at Chester, A.D. 1647.

REN DEL I (q.v.), through the pron. Ran-. John Ravenshaw.— do. A.D. 1673. ('^^'e'y) 2 Bel. to Rendall, Ork- RENDLERPMnpF*"! Richard Renshaw.— do. A.D. i68o. jjgy^ form. 5e««aJa/ [first element There is a Renishaw near Chesterfield, doubtful : cp. O.N. renna, a run, course ; or perh. Renna is the genit. of a name Derbyshire.

like Renni or Rein{n)i ; and + O.N. dal-r, i for Rendell, q.v. a dale, valley] RENTELL 2 for Rentoul, q.v. RENDER l (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Renderer; Fat- Melter [f. Fr. rendre, Lat. red- RENDRERJ RENTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Renton (Berwick), dere, to render] A.D. 1098 Reguintun, c. 1200 Reningtona Rendrour. Johannes and Regnintun. There is evidently u-n Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. confusion in these forms cited by the Rev. The process of making lard and candles J. B. Johnston ; and definiteness as to the

is called rendering : Line. origin of the first element is precluded. T. Wright, ZJjrf. Prov. Eng., p. 793. 2 Ranton (Staffs) (through pron. Ran-), 3th cent. Raunton, Ronton, Domesday RENDFREY 1 Ran- = Renfrey, q.v. [the first element is prob. the RENFREE I tone genit;, ran, of O.E. rd, a roe(-buck) ; less hkely for O.E. rand, a. margin, edge: O.E. RENFREW (Celt.) Bel. to Renfrew, 12th cent. — + tun, estate, etc.] Reinfrew, Renfrew, Renfriu [perh. f. the old forms of WeL rhin, a channel, and 3 Rendon (? where); The place-names ffrew, stillness] Renedon and Reyndon iound in the Hun- dred-Rolls, and the occurrence of Randiin RENFREY (Teut.) the O.Teut. Reinfrid, Regin- (app. ' Ra's Hill '—O.E. rdn, genit. of rd, a frid, etc. = Mighty or Godlike Peace roe + diin, a hill) in gth-cent. Southern [v. under Rainbird, and -|- O.H.Ger. /r!rf« charters, show that in some cases 'Renton' = O.Sax. /n1S«=O.E. friSu^O.^. friS-r, must be for ' Rendon' (cp. Repton). peace] (Celt.) for Renfrew, q.v. Renton, Dumbartonshire, is a modern borrowed name.

' RONNIE'S Son : v. Rennle. rInNISON } RENTOUL (Celt.) Dwelleir at the North Point [Gael. rlp)inn, a point, peninsula -|- 2 occ. for Reynerson. q.v. tuath-al (th mute), north] = Rankin, q,v. RENKIN RENWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Renwick (Cumb.) [O.E. w(c, a place: the first element is uncertain — on the analogy of Renshaw RlNSER}=R^y"«''''l-'- - it may be for the O.E. pers. name Hrcefn RENNARD = Renard, q.v. = O.N. Hrafn, Raven] — — —:

iro Repington Rhodes

REPINGTON \ (Eng;) Bel. to Reptoii (Derby- Usque ad locum qui vocatur Tudella, REPTON J shire), 13th cent. Repindoii, the in ruga ejusdera S- Germani. A.-Sax. Hrdopa{n)diin = HrSpa(n)Mn, Charter, A.D. 1 165 ; Brachet. Hr^opa's or Hrypa's Hill [O.E. dAn, a 2 the French Delru, Delrieu = Of the hill: the pers. name Hr^pa or Hr4opq. (genit. Brooklet [Fr. ru, O.Fr. riu, t. L.Lat. Hrfpan-, Hr^opan-) is an ancient one riu-s for Lat. riv-us, a watercourse] (flifji^occurs among theWoden-descended ancestors of the East Anglian kings) and REWES, genit., and pi., of Rew (Eng.), q.v. is prob. from O.E. hrdpan (pret. hriop-), to shout] REX (Lat.) King . [Lat. rex]

John 'Rex.—Hund. Rolls. rIsTELL } ^°^ Rastall, Rastell, q.v. (Teut.) for q.v. RESTON (Etfg.) Bel. to Reston = the Brush- Ricks, wood-Enclosure [O.K.hris{= O.N.hrts), REX(S)TREW for Raokstraw, q.v. brushwood + tiin, enclosure, farm]

Reston, Berwick, 1 1 was Ristun end of th REY (Eng. and Scand.) for Ray, q.v. cent. Reston, Lines, was Riston in the 13th (Fr.-Lat.) King (^mod. cent. Reston, Westmd., may be 'Ra's [O.Fr. rey, rei (Rop's) Farm.' roi), Lat. reg-em, ace. of rex, a king]

Cp. Riston. REYBOLD, v. Raybold. RETFORD (Erig.) Bel. to Retford (Notts), the Domesday Redeford = the Red Ford REYBURN, V. Raeburn. [O.E. read, red + ford'\ REYNALDS, v. the commoner form Reynolds. REUBEN (Heb. ) Behold a Son [Heb.

Kubhin — r'A, vision ; bin, a son] REYNARD, v. Renard. REUTER (Teut.-Lat.) Horseman, Trooper tor q.v. [the Mod. High Ger. Reuter is from the REYNELL ReynQld, homophonous Dut. ruiter, L.Lat. ruptari-us REYNER, V. Rayner. —rupta, a troop: iJeMfer, however, occurs also in M.E. records] REYNERSON, Reyner's Son. Cp. Ruttep. REVELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Reaveley (Northumb.), REYNOLD, a vocalized form of Reginald, q.v. anc. Reveley = the Reeve's Lea [v. under rarely is the second element of Reynold for O.Teut. hold, gracious, faithful, loyal. Reeve, and + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow] Rainald-usis a common Domesday form; REVELL (Fr.-Lat.) the French Revel = and it is also found in the i^tii-Cent. Yorkshire Poll-Tax. and Reynold 1 Grey, Tawny [f. Lat. rav-us, with Fr. Reynold are Hundred - Rolls spellings. French dim. suff. -ei, Lat. -ell-us] forms are Regnauld, Regnault, Rettaud, etc.; 2 Pride, Joy [O.Fr. revel; f. Lat. re- hellare, to rebel] Renaud being the usual form of the But the Southern French geographical christian name. name Revel is a dim. f. Lat. riv-us, a Rainalde [variantly Reynold] .the Reve,

brook : Montrevel, Jura, e.g. was Mons of Rotland sokene [Rutlandjurisdiction]. Rivelli in Latin. Piers Plowman, ii. no. Revel.—Hawrf. Rolls. REYNOLDS, Reynold's (Son) 1 p„„„„,^ Cp. Revill. ^- "eynoia REYNOLDSON, RfeYNOLD's,SoN J REVILL (Fr.-Lat.) i Bel. to R6ville (Normandy) = the Royal Manor [Lat. regia villa\ RHEAD for Read, q.v.

2 for Revel I, q.v. RHIND (Celt.) Bel. to Rhind or Rhynd /Perth- REW (Eng.) Dweller in a Row [M.E. rewe, shire) = the Point (of Land) [O.Gael., O.E. rdew] and O.Ir. mrf(mod. Gael. »-(o)««h), a point, Adam atte Rewe. peninsula = Wei. rhyn, a cape] Subsidy-Roll, Soms., A.D. 1327. "The village of Rhynd ... is situated And leet icoraande anon to hakke and on a point at the confluence of the Rivers hewe Tay and Earn."—./Va*. Gaz. The okes plde, and leye hem on a rewe.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 2865r6. RHOADS for Roads, q.v. (Fr.-Lat.) for i the French De la Rue = RHODEN for Roden, q.v. Of the Street [Fr, rue, a street ; like O.Ital. ruga, f. Lat. rw^-a, a wrinkle, ridge] RHODES for Rodes, qv. — — — — — :

Ill Rhydderch Riches

RHYDDERCH, v. under P-rothero; but the RICARDS,RiCARD's(Son);v. Ricard, Richard. name is rather from Wei. rhy-, 'super-,' RICCARD, v. Ricard, Richard. and derch, ' ex^alted,' Ryderch escob [bishop]. RICE, an Anglicized form of Rhys, q.v. Brut y Tywysogion, A.D. 962. ' Cp. Reece, Rees(e. This name was used as a Welsh equi- In the i6th-cent. Registers of Oxford valent of Roderick, q.v.

, Univ. the same Welsh student is called RHYDER for Rider, q.v- indifferently- Rice and Rise Powell. fCelt.) Ardour [Wei. ardency, a RHYS rhfs, RICH (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) i Wealthy, rusn rh^su, to rush ; and cp. rhfs-wr— Powerful, Mighty [M.E. riche, ryche, a a combatant, savage] (g)wr, man— O.E. rice; also O.Fr. riche from O.H.Ger. Rys ab Owein. rihhi (mod. reicKl Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1073. Rys ieuanc [young] ab Gruffud. Hugo le Ryche.—f/M»d. Rolls. Bruty Tywysogiotti A.D. 1202. 2 (later) 9 dim. of Richard, q.v. RIBALD (Teut.), the Dopiesday Ribald-us, re- RICHARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) Powerfully presents the O.Teut. Rikbald, Ric{h)bald= Brave [O.Teut. Richard, Rikhard, etc.— ' Powerfully BoLb [O.Sax. Wfa' = O.N. O.E. rice (mod. rich) = 0.ll.GeT. richi, rihhi rllM" = O.H.Ger. richi, rlhhi = Goth, reik-s (mod. reich) = O.Sax. riki = Dut. rijk = O.E. rice, powerful, mighty (Teut. base = Goth, reik-s = O.N. rik-r, powerful, *rik; ruler) + O.Teut. bald, bold] rich + O.E. h(e)ard = O.H.Ger. hart = Ribald-US.—Hund. Rolls. O.Sax. hard = Dut. hard = Goth, hardu-s har'S-r, brave, firfti] RIBBLE I for Ribald, q.v. = O.N. hard, 2 Dweller by the River Ribble, 12th The great popularity of this name ipay cent. Ribbel, in Domesday-Book Ribel- (in be said to have begun with Rlc(e)hard, Ribel-castre, Ribchester) [We do not know that son of H16Shere, the 7th-cent. king of what the Celtic name of the Ribble was. Kent, who became a monk at Lucca, earliest recorded uncompounded form The Richard is an extremely common name of the name is the Domesday Ripa ('Inter in France, where it is a synonym for a ' Ripam et Mersham '), which is app. in- man of wealth (' un richard') and where it for the Lat. a river-bank. tended ripa, also occurs with the diminutive sufBxes ' Ribble ' may, in fact, represent Lat. -eau (-el), -et, -ot, -on, -in. ^ rivell-us, a dim. € riv-us, a stream, brook Cp. Ricard. (mutation from v to b is regular : cp. Besan^on from Vesontion-em), but the size RICHARDS, Richard's (Son) \ the Ribble is an argument against this ' of RICHARDSON, Richard's Son Richard. derivation. The' only point upon which K we can speak with more or less certainty RICHART, a French form of Richard, q.v. is that the name contains the Euraryan root ri, to flow, and is basically conn, RICH BELL, an orig. fem. name of French with, e.g., Wei. rhe, a swift motion, Gr. origin found in our I3th-i4th cent, records

rhSB (Ma), to flow, run, gush ; and 'Rhine' as Richebelle, Richebele = Richly Fair ^ [v. O.Fr. bel(l)e, Lat. and 'Rhone '] Rich, and -f- bella ((.), RIBCHESTER. Bel. to Ribchester (N.Lancs), ' pretty, fair] I2th cent. Ribbecestre, Domesday Ribel- RICHER (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.), Mighty Army castre = the (Roman) Camp on the Ribble [O.Teut. Richer, Richere, Richeri, etc. [v. under Ribble, and -|- O.E. ceaster, Lat. v. under Rich, and -j- O.E. here = castra^ O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri = Goth, hatji-s = RIBSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Ribston (W. Yorks), O.N. herr, army] 14th cent. Ribstane, 13th cent. Ribstan, Ricer-us, Richer-us. Domesday-Book. Domesday Ripestan = Hryp's Stone (House or Monument) [O.E. stdti] Ranulf Richer.—Hund. Rolls. RICARD (Teut. and Fr.-Teut.) = Richard, q.v. This name has largely merged into Richard IL, Duke of Normandy, is Richard.

called Ricard (' t6 Ricardes rice ') in the Cp. RIcker. A.-Saxon Chronicle, a.d. iooo. Ricardes RICHERS, Richer's (Son) : v. Richer. occurs in Domesday Book. Ricard is fairly common in 13th atid 14th cent. RICHERT, a Belgian (Flemish) form of English records. In France, Ricard is not Richard, q.v. nearly so common as Richard; and Ricart, RICHES I Rich's (Son) : v. Rich. again, occurs much less frequently than Ricard. 2 for Richersi q.v. — —

112 Richey Rickson

RICHEY \= Rich (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. RICKART, an Anglicized (or rather American- RICHIE ]-ey,-ie. ized)form of the DntchRijkaart^ Rickard, Richard, q.v. RICHIN = Rich (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. sufl.-i» RICKARTS, Rickart's (Son). [Lat. -in-us\ Exceptionally, Richin has another origin, RICKARTSON, Rickart'S Son. for Foulques, Count of Anjou, was sur- named Richin or Rechin [O.Fr. rechin, rude, RICKATSON, I for Rickartson, q.v.

rough ; f. reche, M.H.Ger. resche, roesche, 2 for Ricketson, q.v. O.H.Ger. r6sc{i, sharp, active, hasty] " a " cause de son humeur rude et aspre RiCKER (Teut.) Mighty Army • [O.Teut.

(Larchey, pp. 405, 412). Rikheri, Richere, etc. : v. under Rick, and + O.L.Ger. heri = O.E. here = O.N. herr ' RICHING = Richin (q.v.) with added E. -g. = Goth, harji-s, army]

The mod. French form is Riquer. RICHINGS, Riching's (Son). Cp. Richer. RICHIVIAN = Rich (q.v.) + man. RICKERBY (Scand. or Fr.-Teut. -f- Scand.) Richeman fil. John. Hund. Rolls. Bel. to Rickerby (Cumb.), 13th cent. Ricardeby — Ricard's or Rikhard's Confused with Richmond, q.v. Estate [v. Ricard, Richard, and + O.N. estate, farmstead] RICHMOND (Fr.-Teut. + Lat.) Bel. to Rich- b$-r, mond (Yorks), also Richemont (Normandy) RICKERSON I Ricker's Son: v. Rioker. = the Splendid or Mighty (Castle-) Mount [Fr.nc^.O.H.Ger.^fPi (M.H.Ger. 2 exceptionally for Rickertson, Rickardson, q.v. riche, mod. retch) + 7r. mont, Lat. mans, mont-is] RICKERT, an Anglicized (American) form of Johannes de Richemond. the Dutch Rijkert = Rickard, Richard, Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. q.v. Richmond, Surrey, still sometimes re- RICKERTS, Rickert's (Son). ferred to as West Sheen, owes its present name to Heniy VII, who "willed it to be RICKERTSON, Rickert's Son. hereafter called after his own title. " It is the A.-Sax. Sceon [O.E. sc^on, beautiful, RICKET \ = RIok (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. fair] RICKETT J -et.

(Teut.) the O.Teut. pers. name Rlcmund, , The mod. French form of this name is Richmund = Rich or Mighty Protector Riquet. [O.E. rice = O.H.Ger. rlhhi (M.H.Ger. riche) O.E. mund = O.H.Ger. RICKETS + munt j Ricket(t)'s (Son). (O.Sax. and O.N. mund), hand, protection, RICKETTS protector] RICKETSON, Ricket's Son. Confused with Rich man, q.v. RICKMAN (Teut.) = Rick (q.v.) + man. RICK (Teut.) I Wealthy, Powerful, Mighty John fil. Rikeman.—/f«Mrf. Rolls. [O.L.Ger. riki = O.E. ric- = O.N. rik-r = Cp. Richman. Goth, reik-s] 2 a dim. of Rickard, Rickwapd, &c., q.v. It has often been stated that an A.-Sax. pers. name Ricman is found also find one occurrence in the Herts We of the place-name Rickmansworth ; but A.-Sax. word rica [=Goth. as this reik-s], 'ruler', place was formerly as a pers. name. Richmereswearth and Rykemereswearth, the pers. name involved Cp. Rich. is, of course, the A.-Sax. Ricmobr = Mightily Famous [O.E. ric-, mighty, rich -I- mckre, famous, glorious] RICKARBY}Y-R''"<«-»'y. RICKON = Riok (q.v.) -(- the Fr. dim. suff. RICKARD = Rlcard, Richard, q.v. -on.

Riquon is now somewhat rare in RICKARDS, Rickard's (Son). France. RICKS, Rick's (Son) 1 „. , RICKARDSON, Rickard's Son. RICKSON, Rick's Son /' '*'•''*• :

"3 Rickward Ridley

RICKWARD (Teut.) Rich or Powerful RIDEAL, an Irish form of Riddell, q.v. [the Guardian [O.Teut. Rthtuard, Ricward, form is due to Ir. (and Gael.) ridM, a riddle, sieve'; borrowed from Etig.] etc. : V. unfier Rick, and + O.L.Ger. = =t O.H.Ger. = ward O.E. w(e)ard wart Rl DEHAUG H (Eng.) Bel. to Ridehalgh (La:ncs), guardian, Goth, wards = O.N. uorjp-r, ,17th cent. Rydehalgh [The second element protector] is the Dial. E. halgh (found also as haugh, riverside RICKWOOD for Riokward, q.v. with common vocalization of /), a meadow, a corner, O.N.E. halc= O.W.Sax. The nairie, despite its appearance, does healh, a corner. In the absence of early not seem to be local. forms the first element is quite uncertain represent a dial, form of O.E. rPf(e, RIDD (Eng.) I Rider, Trooper [O.E ridda] it may a streamlet; O.E. wrid, a thicket; O.E. Ridda was the naine of a thane of the riad, red ; O.E. hrSod, a reed ; or be Dial. E, Mercian king Offa. ride, a riding, or road or cutting through a 2 conf. with Read, q.v. wood]' (Celt.) Dweller at a Ford [Wei. rhyd, Rl DEOUT. The form of this name in the 1 3th- a ford] cent. Hundred-Rolls, Ridhut, and in the i4th-cent. Yorks Poll-Tax, Rydhowt, app. (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. peirs. name olSS^K ) points to E. hut [Fr. hutte, a cottage, S SS^. hJftfe'^e' [O.E. rckd, counsel, advice ; O.H.Ger. hutta, a hut] ; but the first +thedim.suff.-./] hut nlooltj element presents the same difficulty as in 2 the A.-Sax., pers. name Wrckdel [O.E. Ridehalgh, q.v. wrckd or wrck^, a band, wreath' {wr{j>an, to RIDER (Eng.) i Horseman, Trooper ; in late bind) + the dim. suff. -el: cp. Ridliugton] A.-Saxon, Norman K:*ight. for Reddall, Reddell, q.v. 3 2 Mounted Keeper or Steward ; Ranger [M.E. ridere, rydere; O.E. ridere] RIDDER = Rider, q.v. I geve thee eightene pence a day. shalt thou RIDDICK, V. Riddock. And my bowe here ; 4.nd over all the north countre RIDDING (Eng.) i Dweller at the Clearing 1 make thee chyfe rydere.—

' [O.E. hryding] Adam Bell ' ; Percy's Reliques. 2 for Redding, q.v. 3 (late) (Mounted) Commercial Tra-' VE1,LER. RIDDINGS, pi., and genit., of Ridding. RIDGE (EngO Dweller at a Ridge [M.E. rigge, (Eng.) Bel. to RIDDINGTON Wrightington O.E. hrycg] (Lanes), 13th cent. Wrichtington^ Wrightin- (Eng.) Dweller at the ton = the Estate of the Wyrhta RIDGEWAYl Ridge- Family [A.-Sax. *Wyrhtinga-tAn—^wyrhta, RIDGWAY /Way iO. '&. hrycgweg] a Wright, worker -)- -inga, genit. pi. of the Dweller at the ' RIDGLEY (Eng.) Ridge-Lea fil. suff. -ing ttln, estate, etc.] + [O.E. hrycgledh] RIDDLE, V. Riddel(l. RIDGMONT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Ridgmont (Beds, Yorks, Lanes, etc.) RIDDLER (EngO SiFTER (of grain, etc.) [O.E. The Bedfordshire place app. owes its hriddel, a riddle, sieve + the agent, suff. name to a Norman castle which was -ere] called Ruggemont, or Rougemont, from the (Eng.) Bel. to Riddlesden RIDDLESDEN Red Hill on which it stood {Nat.Gaz.) (Yorks), the Domesday Redelesden = [Fr. 'rouge, f. Lat. ruhe-us, red, through a Rebel's (or Wr^del's) Valley [v. under later form rubi-us (rubj-tts) + Fr. mont, Riddel(l >, », and O.E. + denu, a valley] Lat. motts, mont-is, a hill]

RIDDLESWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Riddles- RIDING (Eng.) i = Ridding, q.v. (Norf.), worth 13th and 14th cent. Redeles- 2 (later) Dweller at the Riding, i.e. a (or worth = Ridel's WriEdel's) Estate riding-way cut through a wood [f. O.E. [v. under Riddel(l\», and + O.E. w{e)orh ridan, to ride] estate, farm, enclosure] RIDLER = Riddler, q.v. RIDDOCH (Celt.) Bel. to Redddch (Lanark) RIDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ridley; or Dweller at [doubtful : poss. Gael, reidh. (O.Ir. riid), I the Red Lea [Dial. E. rid(e, red ; O.E. smooth -f achadh, a field] r^ad + M.E. ley, O.E. l^ah, a meadow] (Celt.) for q.v. RIDDOCK Riddooh, 2 the Reedy Lea [O.E. hr^od, a reed -|- (Eng.) a var. of Ruddock, q.v. l^ah] —

114 Ridlington Ringshaw

3 the Thicket-Lea [O.E. wrid, a thicket RIGSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rigsby (Lines), 13th + Uah] cent. i?j'^«i9',Domesday^ig'M6« [Here the common O.N. hrygg-r (Dan.-Norw. ryg), a the Clearing-Lea [f. Dial. E. rid, to 4 ridge, back(bone, seems to be used as a clear land (O.N. h)ry]^ia) + Uah] pers. or nick-name; it may be a shortening RIDLINGTON (Eng.)Bel.toRidlington (Norf.; of hrygg-biug-r, crook-backed, or hrygg- : account of the -s Rutl.), 13th cent. Wridlington = the kn^tt-r, humpbacked on Estate of the Wr^del Family [A-Sax. genitive the name cannot be the O.N. : 1- O.N. by-r, farm, *Wrdedelinga-Mn: ihe pers. name is a dim. ryg-r, lady, wife estate] f. O.E. wrded or iwcfej' {wri^an, to bind), a band, wreath -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fll. RILEY \ (Eng.) Dweller at i the Rye-Field suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] RILLEY ; [O.E. ryge + fe«A] The Rutland parish was Redlictun in "Rylay in Acryngton," A.D. 1323.— Domesday-Book. Lane. Ing., ii. 198.

2 the Brook-Field [O.E. r{^(e, a stream- RIDOUT "1 V. Rideout. ridoutt; let -|- ferfA] (Celt.) for O'Reilly, q.v. RIDPATH, V. Redpath. RIMBAULT, the French Raimbault: v, under RIDSDALE

RIG DEN (Eng.) Bel. to Rigden (app. Kent) RINGLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Ringland (Norf.), [this is especially a Kentish surname, so 14th cent. Ringland [O.E. hring, a ring,

that the ' second element is doubtless circle, round -f- land]

O.E. a valley : the first element inay denu, The piece of land must either have for Rick- (hardly O.E. hrycg, a ridge] be been round in shape or situated near a (stone) circle. RIGG (Scand. and N.Eng.) Dweller at a Ridge [O.N. hrygg-r = O.N.E. hrycg] RING ROSE (Eng.) [the first element is doubtless O.E. hring, a ring, circle, round; RIGGS, pi., and genit., of Rigg. while the second app. represents the pi. of O.E. rckw, a row (as of houses RIGHTON for Wrighton, q.v. or hedges : cp. Dial. E. row, a hedge] RIGMAIDEN (N.Eng.) Bel. to Rigma(i)den This seems to be specifically a York- (Westm.), 13th and 14th cent. Rygmayden, shire surname : it is foundas Ryngrose in Riggemayden = the Maiden Castle on the 1 6th cent. the Ridge [M.E. ryg, rigge, etc., O.N.E. RINGSHAW (Eng.) [O.E. hring, a ring, hrycg = 0!N. hrygg-r, a ridge + M.E. circle, round sc{e)aga, mayden, etc., a maiden — applied to a + a wood] castle or fort that had never been captured The wood must either have been round or which was considered impregnable; in shape (cp. ' Round Coppice,' Bucks) or O.E. mikgden\ have been situated near a (stone) circle. "5 Ringstead Ritch

RINGSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Ringstead (Norf., RIPPINGALE 1 (EBg.)BeltoRippingale(Lmcs), Northants, Dorset, etc.) [O.E. hring, iri., a RIPPINGALL ; 13th cent. Repinghal{e, Domes- ring, circle, round + stede, a place] day Repinghale, loth cent. (Lat. charters) See the note under Ringland and Repingale [the pers. name is doubtless the Ringshaw; but in this case there is a A.-Sax. HrSopa, or Reop{p)a (v. under ' ' (prob. possibility of the first element being the Ripley), with the son sun. -ing pl. the local pers. name Hring [same etymology"]. really for the genit. -inga) ; element representing either O.Merc. Afl//, a Ringstead,! Norfolk, was Ringstede and hall, or halli, a corner, or even hold, a Ringstyde in the Confessor's time. slope]

^- Rentoul ante. RIPPINGTON, V. Repington. RINTELL } RISBOROUGH (Eng.) Bel. to Risborough RIORDAN (Celt.) Royal Bard [Ir. Righ- I RiSBROUGH UBucks), izthcerA. Risebergh, RIORDEN f bkarddn—righ, a king + the asp. RISBROW J A.D. 903 Hrisberg = the form of bard, a poet + the dim. suff. -a«] Bushy Hill [O.E. hris, brushwood -t- RIPLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ripley (Yorks: Domes- be{o)rg, a, hill] day Ripeleia, Ripeleie, 14th cent. Riplay-; RISBY (Scand.) Bel. to Risby (Yorks: Domes-

Derby, Surrey, etc.) = i Hrypa's or day Risbi ; Lines : anc. Riseby ; Suffolk, etc.) Hreopa's Lea [A.-Sax. *Hrypan- or = the Farm in the Brushwood [O.N. *Hriopan-ledh — Hr^pam, Hriopan-, genit. hrts, brushwood + bf-r, farm, estate] f. the pret., of Hr^pa, Hriopa ; poss. hrdop-, of hrSpan, to shout] RISELEY > (Eng.) Bel. to Riseley or Risley (Beds), 13th cent. Risle = the 2 Rip(p)a's Lea [A.-Sax. Rip(p)an-ledh— RISELY J Brushwood-Lea [O^E. hris, brushwood Rip(p)an-, genit. of Rip{p)h ; app. f. ripa, + ledh, lea] - reopa, m., a sheaf {Sceafa, f. O.E. scMf, m., Cp. Risley. a sheaf, occurs as an A.-Sax. pers. name] Cp. Repton. RISHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rishton (Lanes), 14th cent. = the Farm- RIFLING HAM (Eng.) Bel. to Riplingham Risseton, Risshton stead by the Rushes [O.E. rise, a rush ( Yorks ), A.-Sax. *Hr$pelinga-hdm or a farm, enclosure] *Rip{p)elinga-hdm = the Home of the -f- tAn, Hrypel or Rip(p)el Family [the pers. Cp. Rushton. name is seen under Ripley, with added RISHWORTH(Eng.) Bel. to Rishworth (Yorks) dim. -el + -inga, genit. pl- of the fil. sufl. = Estate -ing + hdm, home, estate] the Rushy [O.E. rise, a rush worj", an estate, enclosure, farm] The / in the modern name can hardly + be ignored notwithstanding the Domes- This township is (or was) mostly "un- day Ripiugha'. cultivated moor." RIPLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Riplington Cp. Rushworth. (Hants, Northumb.), A.-Sax. *Hrj)pelittga- RISING (Eng.) Bel. to (Wood) Rising (Norf.), tUn or *Rip(p)eUnga-tiin = the Estate of 13th cent. Rysing, Rising = the Bushy THE Hrypel or Rip(p)el Family [the Meadow [O.E. hris = O.N. hris, brush- pers. name is seen under Ripley, with wood + O.Angl. ing, O.N. eng, meadow] added dim. -et + -inga, genit. pl. of the fil. suff. -ing + ttin, estate, etc.] RISK (Celt.) Dweller at a Morass or Moor RIPON IBel. to Ripon (Yorks), 13th cent. [Gael, (and Ir.) riasg, riasc; conn, with O.E. rise, a rush] RIPPON J Ripon, Domesday Ripum, loth cent. Rypon, Bede's in hrypum (Hist. Eccl. V. RISLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Risley (Lanes : 13th XIX), A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 709 td Ripum and 14th cent Riselegh, Ryselegh ; Derby : [doubtful : but not improb. an O.Anglian , 13th cent. Risele/) = the Brushwood- - cognate (in the dat. pl.) of O.N. rifa (dat. Lea [O.E. hris + ledh] pl. rifum), a cleft, fissure (cp. O.N, rtf = Cp. Riseley. Ger. rippe = E. rib) if not of O.N. rip-r, a crag] RISTON (Eng.) Bel. to Riston (YOrks : Domes- We see the Latinized form (Hripis) of day Ristun, Ristune ; Norfolk : 13th cent. this place-name in, e.g., the loth-cent. Riston) = the Brushwood-Enclosure; metrical account of the conse- Frithgod's Bush-Farm [O.E. hris (= O.N. hris), of a new church at Ripon. cration brushwood + t4n, enclosure, farm] The weak dat. pl. ending {-on) in the Cp. Reston. laterforms of this name is much commoner in Old High German than in Old English. RITCH = Rich, q.v. —— — :

ii6 Ritchie Robarts

RITCHIE, a North. E. and Scot, double dim. Simon de la Rode. Hund. Rolls. of q.v. [O.E. dim. suff. -ie, -y\ Richard, But oonly that the holy rode In the 1 6th cent, the form was commonly Turne us every dreem to gode. Richie. Chaucer, Hous of Fame, 57-8. (Scand.) Dweller at a Clearing [M.E. RITSON I for Ritch's Son : v. Ritch, Rich. rode, O.N- riffp-r. a clearing, 'open space in 2 for Wpightson, q.v. a forest*] (TeutJ RED(-haired); Ruddy [O.N. RITTER (Ger.) Cavalier, Knight [v. the = Appendix of Foreign Names] riffS-r (Dan.-Norw. rod) = O.E. redd Dut. rood (pron. rtJi), red, ruddy] , Cp. Rutter.

^""^ 2^"**-' °^ Road(e, q.v. RIVEL(E)Y, V. Reveley. . ROAdI^ } P'-' RIVERS (A.-Fr.-LatJ Bel. to Rivieres (France) Roads is common in Bucks. The = the Banks, Shores [O.Fr. riviere, like Rhodes of Yorkshire (in the Yorks PoU- Ital. riviera, f. L.Lat. riparia, a bank, sHore Tax, A.D. 1379, commonly 'del Rodes') the neighbouring counties (Lanes (also later a river) ; f. Lat. ripa, a bank, and — , shore] Richard A&Rodes. ' Inq. de an. et die,' A.D. Lincolnshire, de Riveres, de Rivers, are the Hundred- 1269), and the Rhoad(e)s of Rolls forms. may lae set down as Scandinavian. This name (which has absorbed the ROADHOUSE, a local name = Road (q.v.) + I3th-cent. A.-French de la< River{e) was house [O.E. O.N. Ajfa] Latinized de Ripariis. ROAD(K)NIGHT(Eng.) Mounted Servant or RIVINGTON (Eng.yBel. to Rivington (Lanes), Retainer [O.E. rddcniht — rdd, riding -j- A.D. 1202 Revington, Rowinton, other 13th- cniht, boy, servant (later knight] cent. forms being Ruwinton, Riviton, Rovinton, Rouinton, Rouuinton, Rou(u)yngton, ROAFE 1 „ '*'"^•^^•1^ Rowyngeton, Rowynton, Ruwington, Ruhivin- roalfe; ton, Rpuington, early-i4th-cent. Rovinton, (A.-Fr.) Dweller at a Rock [O.Fr. Rovington, Rvoyngton. [This is clearly a case ROAKE

; L.Lat. rocca ; app. a deriv. where the A.-Saxon form of the name is roke, roque f. (rupic-us) of Lat. rupes, a rock] necessary for its elucidation. If we were to judge by the i4th-cent. forms we could Geof. de la Roke. Hund. Rolls. presume an A.-Sax, *Hr6finga-tun, 'the Roque- is common in French place- Estate of the Hr6f- Family" —hrdf, m.,lit. names. roof, summit, sky+-i«^a, genit.pl. of thefiL Cp. Roche- suff. -ing; hrdf app. being the origin of the first element of ' Rochester ' — A.-Sax. or ROAN "I (Scand.) Dweller at a Roan- HrSfes-ceaster. A known variant of this ROANE J Rowan -Tree pi.Eng. and Scot. word, would enable us to account hr^f-, roaurtree, rowan-tree Dan.-Norw. ronne for the Revington of 1202 and hence the I (tree) = Swed. ronn, O.N. reyni-r, rowan- present form, Rivington, which occurs in tree] 1587. On the other hand, the divergent (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel. to Rouen [A.-Fr. Rou-, etc., and Rev-, Riv- forms might be (andBret.)5oa»,L.Lat.J?oto»i-M»i,Lat.-Celt. due to an A.-Sax. pers. name like Riulf, Rotomag-us : -magus is the Latinized form for Ricwulf, with the genit. pi. ' son ' suff. of the Gaul, magos (= Ir. and Gael, magh), -inga + <«», estate, farm] a plain, field ; the first element seems to RIX I for Ricks, q.v. be Gaul. *roto-, and conn, with Lat. rqtare, to turn round (Lat. rota, a wheel = Ir. and 2 a local name from O.E. rix, f., a rush Gael, roth =Wel. rhod acd Bret, wd), and (the surname de la Rixe occurs in the rotundus, round] Hundred-Rolls for Somerset). ROANSON, a contraction of Rowlandson, RIXON for RIckson, q.v. q.v. ROANTREE, v. under Roan (Scand). rcKE}=«-^«'«l- ^°^3 1 dim. of Robert, q.v. ROAD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i a RoAD(-Side) ROADE or Riding [M.E. rode, O.E. rdd, f.J J ROBART = Robert, q.v. 2 a Cross or Crucifix (Rood) [M.E. rode, O.E. rid, i.\ ROBARTS = Roberts, q.v. — — —— — — — — — ;

117 Rob(b)erd Roche

q.v. [Fr. ROB(B)ERD, V. Robert. ROBIN, a double dim. of Robert, Robin\ ROB(B)ERDS, Rob(b)erd's (Son): v. Robert. John 'Rohia.—Hund. Rolls. Til Robyn the ropere ROBBEY") double dim. of Robert, q.v. [E. Arobs bi the southe. ROBBIE dim. suff. -^y, rie\ J Piers Plowman, 3147-8.

ROBBINS = Robins, q.v. Now am I Robert [i.e. a gentleman], now Robyn [i.e. a poor man]. (Son) : v. ROBBS, Robb's Robb. Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 6337. ROBEARTS = Roberts, q.v. This trayturs name is Robyn Hode. Robin Hood and the Monk, 8g. ROBERSON for Robertson, q.v. ROBINET 1 = Robin (qJv.) + the Fr. dim. ROBERT (Teut.) i FAME-BRiGHT[Fr. Robert, O. ROBINETTJsuff. -«i.

, TevLt.Hruodber(a)ht,Ruodperht, etc.(Mod.H. L'abb6 Brizard a vu, dans les titres de GeT.Rupreckt,etc.),HrdVberht,Hr^biart,etc. la famille de Buat, une meme personne —O.H.Ger. h)ruod- = O.Sax. *hri}S- = O.E. appel6e Robert et Robinet.— A>-<«S- (hr^ = O.N. hr(fS-r, fame, victory + Larchey, p. 416. O.H.Ger. beraht = O.Sax. berht = O.E. ROBINS, Robin's (Son) 1„ p-uj- bairht-s = O.N. hiart-r, "°"'"- be(p)rht = Goth, ROBINSON, Robin's SonJ ^' bright, glorious] Rodbert and Rodbriht are usual forms in ROBISHAW for Robertshaw, q.v. the A.-Saxon Chronicle, nth and 12th cent. Fiz-Robert occurs in the copies of ROBISON, Rob(b)ie's Son: v. Robbie.

. the Roll of Battle Abbey. Robertus is the ROBKIN = Rob (q.v.) + the E. (double) dim. form in DomesdayTBook. Robert Wace suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -Mb] invariably has Robert— i3th-cent. Li quens iJoftert de Moretoing Robekin is the usual form. (The count Softer*, of Mortain). -|- ROBLET "I = Rob (q.v.) the Fr. double Roman de Rou, ii. 183, etc. ROBLOT J dim. suff. -el-et, -el-ot. Sire Roberd le fiz Rei [variantly Roy] is Robelet and Robelot are not common now name ssal be. Rob. Glouc. Chron., 8895. in France. i?oSert [variantly ^oJ^j-^fl the robbere. Piers Plowman, v. 469 (341 1). ROB LIN = Rob (q.v.) + the Fr. double dim. Robert the Bruys erle off Carryk. suff. -el-in. Barboufj The Bruce, i. 67. Simon Robelyn. Hund. Rolls. Robert is still a common French sur- Rotelin is now somewhat rare in France. name; it occurs also with the dim.

suffixes -et, -in, -on, etc. ROBOTHAM "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe- Rupert is the same name, RO BOTTOM I Valley [O.E. rd, a roe + botm] 2 Counsei^Bright [f. O.L.Ger. (occ.) ROBSART (Fr.-Teut.+Lat.) Bel. to Robersart Rddberht — rdd (O.E. rded), counsel + (Nord)= Robert's Clearing ("v. Robert, berht', bright, glorious] and' -I- Dial.Fr, sort, Fr. essart, a clearing, ROBERTON (Teut.) Bel. to Roberton (Scot.), f. essarter, to root up; Lat. ex, on\.+sarire, i2th cent. VtllaRoberti, 13th cent. Roberts- saritum, to hoe, weed] tun = .Robert's Manor or Estate [v. ROBSON, Rob's Son : v. Rob. under Robert, and + M.E. tun, O.E. tAii] ROBY (Scand.) Bel. to Roby = i ROBERTS, ROBERT'S (Son) RA's or the \ ^' «"°eri. Roe Stead [O.N. rd, a roe + hy-r\ ROBERTSON, Robert's Son J 2 the Farm in the Adam fil. Roberti. Hund. Rolls. Nook or Corner [O.N. ti)rd, a nook, corner -t- by-r] (Eng.) Dweller at ROBERTSHAW Robert's The Lancashire Roby was Rabi in the [v. under Robert, and M.E. Wood + 1 2th and 13th cent; Robi and Roby{e in shati)(e, O.E. sc{e)aga, a wood] the 14th cent.

ROBESON = Robson, q.v. occ. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) = Rob (q.v.) H- the E. dim. sufF. -e)y, ROBEY = Roby, q.v. ROCHE '(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Roche (France) = Rob, a dim. of Robert (q.v.) ROBILARD + or Dweller at a Rock [Fr. roche, roc^ & double dim. suff. -el-ard. . the Fr. rock (Ital. raced); app. f. a deriv. (rupica) Robelard.^/fM«rf. Rolls. of Lat. rupes, a rode] — — —

Its Rochefort Roddick

Jordan ide la Roche. Hund. Rolls. ROCKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rockley ; or Dweller at the Rocky Lea [M.E. rok(e, O.E. -rocc That ypotame a wonder beest is . . . (of Romanic orig.), a rock 4- M.E. le{y, In nche is his wonyying [dwelling].— O.E. ledh, a meadow] Kyng Alhaunder, S184, 5196. The form of this name in the Hundred- Ther I was bred, alias I that harde day, Rolls, A.D. 1274, was usually Rokele. And fostred in a roche of marbul gray. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, F 499-500. ROCKLIFF(E \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rockcliff(e, Ro- 1 looked about and saw a craggy roche.— ROCLIFFE Jchffe (Yorks) ; or Dweller at 'The Tower of Doctrine': Percy's Religues. the Rocky Cliff [v. under Rockley, and + O.E. clif] ( de la ) Roche is a common French surname. (Scand.) for Rawcliffe, q.v.

Cp. Roake. (Teut.) 1 RODBARD \ Red Beard [O.Sax. occ. (?Celt.) Dweller by the Rivers Roche RODBEARD J rdd = Dut. rood (pron. rsd) = (Essex), Roch (Lanes) [if, as seems very O.N. ri

probable, these river-names are Celtic the rauY-s = O.H.Ger. rSt, red -t- O.Sax. bard etymon may, on analogy, be sought for = t)ut. baard = O.N. ba/S = O.E. b{e)ard in the early form of Wei. rhwch, 'what is — Goth. *barda = O.H.Ger. bart, beard] rough,' or 'what expands rhwych, '] 2 = Robert, q.v. ROCHEFORT (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Rochefort RODBOURN(E (Eng.) Bel. to Rodborne ; or (France) = the Strong (Castle-) Rock ; Dweller at i the Red Brook [O.E. reod, FoRTlFlED^RocK [v. under Roche, and redd, red -|- bume, burtia, a brook] + Fr./ort, hat. fort-is, strong] 2 the Reedt Brook [O.E. hredd, a reed This name was Latinized de Rupe Forti. -I- bume, burnd\ Rochefort is a common French place- Rodborne, also formerly called Redbom, name. Wilts, is about 13 miles from Rodborne Cheney in the same county. It is not ROCHESTER. Bel. to Rochester (Kent), the easy to decide in every case which of the A.-Sax. (7th cent.) Hrdfes-ceaster, i.e. two places is meant in Wiltshire charters Hr6f's (Roman) Stronghold [the pers. of A.-Saxon times, in which wefindthe vari- name is app. O.K. hrdf, m., (lit. roof), sky, ant spellings Redbuma, Reddbuma, -e, Rod- heaven, in the genit. -|- 0,E. ceaster, a bame, and Hreddburna; but Rodborne fortified place ; Lat. castr-um, a castle] Cheney seems usually to be the A.-Sax. This was Bede's belief (' Hist. Eccl.' IL Hreddburna.

iii.) ; but if Rochester, as has been claimed, was the Celt.-Roman Rotibis ^s well as ROOD I Dweller at a Rod of land [M.E. Duro-brivis), Bede may have been wrong. rodd(fi, O.E. rod(d] Rochester, Northumberland, is on a 2 a dim. of Roderick, q.v., and Rodolph, rock, and may owe the first element of its q.v. name to that fact [see under Roche.] 3 a form of Rudd, q.v., also a weak var. of Road(ei q>v. ROCHFORD (Eng.) Bel. to i Rochford (Essex) 13th cent. Rocheford = the Ford over Nicholas de la Rodde. Hund. Rolls. THE Roche [O.E./ord] Rodd is the name of a Herefordshire 2 Rochford (Wore), the Domesday township. Rochesforde [this may represent an A.-Sax. *Hr6ces-ford, Hrdc being a pers. name RODDAM (Eng.) Bel. to Roddam (Northumb.) from the rook — 0,E. hrdc, m.] [the second element is O.E. ham(m, a piece of land, enclosure, dwelling; for the (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Roohefor't, q.v. first element see under Road(e] ROCKETT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (La) Roqnette This place is mentioned in a late metrical the version of (Normandy) = Little Rock [O.Fr. an alleged grant of land by' Kins roqite, a rock + the Fr. dim. suff. -et-te\ ^thelstan— 1 1 konig Athelstane ROCKINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Rockingham Giffis heir to Paulane (Northants), the A.-Sax. Hrdcinga-hdm = Odiham and Roddam.— the Home or Estate of the Hr6c- Cart. Sax. No. 1342. Family [O.E. hrdc, m., a rook -|- -inga, RODDICK I a var. of genit. pi. of the fil. sufF. -ing + hdm, home, Ruddiok, q.v. etc.] 2 an abbrev. of Roderick, q.v. —

119 Roddy Roffy

RODDY I a double dim. of Roderick, q.v., and RODNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rodney (Soms.), early pointing to Rodolph, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y] 14th cent, uniformly Rodeneye, or 2 a var. of Ruddy, q.v. an A.-Sax. *H)R6dan-ig = R6da's Hr6da's Island [the pers. name Rdda or There does not seem to be any trace of or (genit. Rddan-, etc.) is the this hame being local, with a second ele- Hrdda Hrd^a first element (without the common suff. ment -ey, 'island,' or -hay, -hey, 'enclosure.' -a) of Roderick and Rodger, q.v. (a Devon- RODE, V. Road(e. shire thew named Hrdda was manumitted c. 970 — ' Cart. Sax.' No. 1246] RODEN (Eng.) i Bel. to Roden ; or Dweller at I the -1- Roe-Valley [O.E. rd, a roe derm, RODNIGHT, V. Road(k)night. a valley]

2 the Reedy Valley [O.E. hredd, a reed] RODOLF "I (Teut.) Famous Wolf [O.Teut.

' RODOLPH Hruod('w)olf, Ruodolf (whence Fr. aet Hrodene ' occurs in an A.-Sax. will I etc. v. under (' Cart. Sax.' No. 1317). Rodolphe), Hrd^{w)ulf, — Roderick and Rodger, and -|- O.H.Ger. RODERICK (Teut.) Famous Ruler [O.Teut. wolf — O.Sax. and O.E. wulf = Fris. and Hruodric, Ruodric, Hr^rik, etc. (mod. Ger. Dut. wolf = Goth, wulf-s = O.N. Mf-r, Roderidi) — O.H.Ger. h)ruod- = O.Sax. wolf] *hrd^- = O.E. bra's- {hre^ = O.N. hr6^S-r, RODRICK, V. under Roderick. fame, glory, victory -f- a deriv. of O.Teut. n'fe-, a ruler, seen in O.Sax. riki = O.E. RODWAY (Eng.) i Dweller at the ROOD- rica = Goth, reik-s, a ruler] (Cross-)Way [O.E. rod -{ weg'\ This Teutonic name is used as an Anglicization of the Irish Ruadhri, Gael. 2 a form of Radway, q.v. Ruaridh — which are more often repre- RODWELl. (Eng.) Dweller at i the Spring by sented by Ropy, q.v. — and of the Welsh the Road [O.E. rdd + w{i)ell(a, etc.] Rhydderch, q.v. 2 the Spring by the Rood (Cross) RODES, v. Roads. [O.E. rdd, rood] Cp. Cro8(s)well. RODGER (Teut.) Famous Spear [O.Teut. 3 the Red Spring (spring issuing from HniodgSr (whence Fr. Roger, Rogier), red earth) [O.E. redd, redd, red] Hro^gdr, HrSSgeirr, etc.—O.H.Ger. h)ruod- 4 the Reedy Spring [O.E. hredd, a reed] = O.Sax. *hrSS- = O.E. hrSS- (hr^ = In A. - Saxon charters we find such O.N. hrffS-r, fame, glory, victory-|-0,H.Ger. forms as 'on reddan-wylle' (dat.), "on

= ' and O.Sax. ger — O.E. gar O.N.geirr, a reddwellan ' (dat.), and possibly Red spear] Spring' is the commonest meaning; HrfiSwulf and HrdSgdr.—r although redd is occ. found to be for WidsiS (The Traveller), 91. hredd. is the form in a loth-i ith RSSgA' cent. Alan de 'Roiev/eW.—Hund. Rolls. 'Index Bonorum' of the abbey of Werden- an-der-Ruhr. The mod. (High) German ROE (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and sign- form is Riidiger. name from the animal [M.E. ro(e, O.E. Cp. Roger. O.N. rd, a roe] John le 'Ro.—Hund. Rolls. RODGERS, Rodger's (Son) 1„ «o°ser.n^rfao- RODGERSON, Rodger's Son K' John de la 'Koe..—Excheq. Iss. Cp. Ray, Rae, Raw(e; and there has RODGIE, a double dim. ol Rodger, q.v. [E. prob. been confusion with q.v. dim. sufT. -zV] Row(e, (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or RODICK, V. Roddick. Hair [Ir. and Gael, ruadh (dh mute), red] RODMAN = Rodd, Road (q.v.) -)- man. ROEBUCK (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and But exceptionally the first element may sign-name from the animal [v. under Roe, be that seen under Roderick and Rodger, and -I- O.E. bucc = O.N. bukk-r] as Rodman occurs in a gth-cent. Register of the abbey of Werden-an-der-Ruhr. ROFE 1 ROFF [ assim. forms of Rolf(e, q.v. RODMUND (Teut.) Famous Protector roffeJ [O.Teut. Hr{u)odmunt, HfSSmund, etc.

v. under Roderick and -|- I Rodger, and ROFFEY \ = Roff, Roif(e (q.v.) -f- the dim. O.H.Ger. munt (mod. mund) = 0;E. O.Sax. ROFFY /suff. -«)y. O.N. mund, hand, protection, protector] 2 |Dweller at (a) the Rough Island or HreSric and HrA'Smund.—Be&wulf, 2382- Waterside [O.E, riih, rough, wild -|- ig The Domesday torm is Rodmund. (M.E. ey{e] —

120 Rogan Rollason

(b) the Rough Hey or Enclosure [O.E. Ralph le Roker.—Hund. Rolls. enclosure] nih + hcBg-, haga, 2 Bel. to Roker (Durham) = (app.) the ' The surname de la Rogheye ' occurs in Roe-MArshJM.E. ro, O.N. (and O.E.) rd, the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. a roe + N.E. ker(r, O.N. kiarr, a moss,

There is a Roughey in Sussex and a marsh] : cp. the Yorks place-name Raw- Rough Hey in Cheshire. marsh. But early forms are desirable. Rofiy is the name of a shepherd in ROKSTER, the same name as Roker', but 'The Shepheards Calender' (September). with the fem. agent. suS. -ster [O.E. -estre] ' In the glosse ' to this month Spenser says ROLAND (Fr.-Teut. ) Famous Land [Fr. Roffy, the name of a shepehearde in Roland, O.Fr. Rollant, O.Teut. Ruotlant, Marot his i£glogue of Robin and the Kinge. Hruodlant, Hr&Sland, etc. (mod. Ger. Ru(d)- The Yonne (France) village - name land): v. under Roderick and Rodger, and

Roffey will hardly have influenced this -1- O.Teut. land ( O.H.Ger. lant ), land, surname. country] ROGAN (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair In the ' Chanson de Roland ' we find (also occurring in the [Ir. Ruadhacdn (a.d. 8go, etc.) — ruadh (dh the forms Rollant ' Roman de ')' and e.g. mute), red + the (double) dim. suff. -cdn Rou Rollanz — ' {6c-dn\ later -gdn\ Amis Rollam' (2887) and 'Ami Rollant' There has been interchange with (2909), the former instance showing in Rohan, q.v. both words the formative ^ominative) suff. -s (-Z for -ts). The form in the ROGER = Rodger, q>. Pfaffen Konrad's lath-cent.German adapt- ation ' usually ' Rogerus, 'B.ogenns.^Domesday-Book. is Ruolant — e.g. Ruolant unde [and] Turpin' (6717). See the quotations from Chaucer, etc., under Hodge. Cp. Rowland.

Roger (variantly is a common ROLANDS, Roland's (Son) "I Rogier) Roland. French surname, found also with the dim. ROLANDSON, Roland's Son;^" suff. -eau (earlier -el), -et, -on. In Wace's ' Roman de Rou 'Rogier is the usual form, ROLF 1 contr. of q.v. as ' Rogier de Montgomeri.' ROLFE [ Rodolf, rolphJ ROGERS, Roger's (Son) "1 „ r.^^^^ p«^«„„ John Rolf.—Hund: Rolls. ROGERSON.Roger'sSon) ^- Ro^*""' Rodgen. Rolf is fairly common in Domesday- The (Latinized) form of these patrony- Book. It was the name of the first Duke of mics in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls is Normandy (Rolf'T or Hrolf-r, contr. f. ' ill. Rogeri.' HrS^Alf-r and Latinized Rollp). Rolv and are Many an Irish Mac Rory or Mac Rury Rolf the mod. Norwegian forms. has Anglicized his name to Rogers and There has been some confusion with Rogerson. Ra!f(e, q.v. ROHAN (Celt.) Of Red Complexion or Hair ROLFES 1 Rolf(e)'s (Son). [Ir. Rtiadhdn (a.d. 904, etc.) — ruadh (dh ROLFS

as h), red -f- the dim. suff. -dn] ,

There . has been interchange with Rogan, q.v. 2 for l^olandson, q.v. ROKEBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rokeby (Yorks), the Domesday Rochebi [The first element, ROLL \ forms of the O.Fr. Roul (mod. Raoul, despite the absence of the genit. -s seen which, however, I ROLLE I really represents (modified) in Roxby, is doubtless the O.N. Ralph or Ralf), lor Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. pers. name Hrdk-r, a rook (in O.West.N. a Rolle is not nearly so common a sur- cormorant) ; the name ajpp. occurs too name in France as the deriv. early to be a borrowing from O.Fr. roke Rollet.

(Ft. roche), a rock : 1- O.N. b^-r, a dwell- Cp. Rowel I (A.-Fr.-Teut.) ing, estate] ROLLAND, v. Roland.

ROKER (A.-Scand.) i Spinner ; or, as spinning was essentially a feminine occupation, ROLLANDSON, Rolland's orRoLAND's Son: rather V. Distaff-Maker [M.E. roker, rockere, , Roland. f. M.E. rok, rock(e, O.N, rokk-r (Dan.-Norw. ROLLASON I for Rollandson, q.v. roli) ^ Dut. rok, rokken, a distaff ; with the agent, suff. -er] 2 for Rolleeton, q.v. — — :

121 Rolles Romsey

ROLLES, Roll(e)'s (Son) : v. Roll(e. S2J!!^I!^,.l (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Roman [Ft. Romain, ROLLESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rolleston = oSJ^aI^^ Lat. Roman-us] ROMAN J 1 R6|julf's or HR61)(w)uLr's Estate [v. Reginald le Romayn. Hund. Rolls, under Rodolf, and + O.E. tiin] The Staffordshire Rolleston occurs a.d. (Teut.) occ. confd. with weak forms of 942 as Rfffulfes-tun, and in the will (a.d. Rodmund, q.v.: cp. Rum(m)an (Teut.). 1004) of Wulfric, Earl of Mercia, as (the) (Son) : v. RolfestHn. ROMANS, Roman's Roman. 2 RoLLE's Estate \Rolle is, however, ROME (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Rome [Fr. merely a late (A.-French) form of the Rome, Lat. Roma] same pers. name as under i] ROMEO (A.-Ital.-Lat.) Pilgrim to Rome + t^-F--- d-- [Ital. romeo ; f. Lat. Roma, Rome] R§t:l:f7(?l=ff^°"(-(i-)^^''"' rollat(tJ ROMER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Roamer, Wanderer; Rollet is a common French surname. prop. Pilgrim to Rome [M,E. romer(e,

O.Fr. romier ; f. Lat. Roma, Rome] ROLLIN = Roll(e (q.v.) the Fr. dim. suff'. + And religiouse romeris [var. romares] -in: Recordare in hir [their] cloistres. Rollin is common in France. Piers Plowman, 2321-2. ROLLING for Rollin, q.v. RO M I LLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Romilly (France) =: RoMiLius' Estate [M.Lat. Romiliacus ROLLINGS for Rollins, q.v. . — dc-us, the Latinization of the Gaul, ROLLINGSON for Rollinson, q.v. possess, suff. -dc-os"] There are two villages called Romilly ROLLINS, RoLLiN's (Son) \_ „„,.. ^- «°'""- . in the Eure Dept., and one in the Eure-et- ROLLINSON, ROLLIN'S SoN J Loir ; in addition to places called Rumilly But Rollinson has been confused with in the Nord, Pas-de-Calais, etc. Rolandson, q.v. ROMNEY. Bel. to i Romney (Old and New, ROLLISON for Rollinson, q.v. Kent). [The River Romney (Kent) was called ROLLO, V. under Rolf. Rumenea ("juxta flumen quod vocatur in a Latin charter a.d. ROLLS, Roll's (Son) : v. Roll. Rumenea") 895, where -ea may reasonably be supposed to

ROLLSTON, v. Rolleston. be the O.E. ea, river ; while the Rumening seta of a Kentish charter a.d. 697, which ROLPH, V. Rolf. presumably relates to Old Romney, would appear to be ' the seat (residence) of ROLSON I Roll's SoiJ : v. Roll. ' Rumen's Son' (O.E. -ing, son ' suff.); or if 2 a contr. of Rolandson, q.v. the -ing of this Latin charter should be for the common -zw^a (genit.pl.) then the-aof ROLSTON, V. Rolleston. seta might be taken as a sign of the plural instead of the dat. sing. But the analogy ROLT ( Teut. ) Famous Power [O.Teut. Hr(u)odwalt, HrdVw(e)ald, Hrdpuald, etc.— ofa river in South Wales which in its upper part is called Rhymney ("avon Rymni," V. under Roderick and Rodger, and + O.H.Ger. giywalt = O.Snx, gi)wald = O.E. 'Brut y Tywysogion,'A.D. 1070), and in its (Anglicized) ge)'w(e)ald = O.N. uald, power, might] lower part Rumney, rather points to a Celtic origin for Rumen-, poss. direct ancestor is doubtless The of Rolt the early form of Wei. rhym, 'what the i2th and 13th cent. Roald (13th cent, stretches round,' with the dim suff. -/« also Rowald), which monosyllabication by cp. Wei. rhumen, a dim. of the seeming ' and unvoicing of d had become Rolt by ' variant rhum, what projects or swells ']. the (early) 17th cent. 2 Romagny (Normandy) = Romanus' ... and twegen eorlas mid [and two Estate [M.Lat. *Romaniacus—dc-us, the J earls therewith], Ohtor and Hroald.— Latinization of the Gaul, possess, suff. A--Saxon Chron., A.D. 918. •dc-os} These were Scandinavian jarls ; Roald ROMSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Romsey or Rumsey IS the present Norwegian form. (Hants), I3th-i4th cent. Romesy, ioth A Hrd'Swald was ceii\..Romesey,Rumesig. A.D. 930. [The second element is O.E. i{e)g (= — ——

122 Ronald Ropes

O.N. ey), island, waterside : if we had ROOKLEDGE, a gutturalized form of Rout- only the form in the A.-Saxon Chronicle, ledge, q.v. A.D. 971, to guide us (H6r fortSferde ROOM (Teut.-Lat.) for Rome, q.v. [cp- Eidmund sefieling. and his Ifc litS set \ ROOME O.N. RAm, Rome ; and O.E. Rum- Rumesige — In this year died Eadmund J wealR, a Roman] iEtheling, and his body lies at Rumsey) we might have inferred that the pers. (Teut.) I Fame, Glory [O.H.Ger. name involved (in the genit.) was trom K)ruom (mod. ruhm) = O.Sax. hrdm = Dut. O.E. rihn, liberal, noble; but the persistent roem (cp. Rumbold] -0- makes it fairly clear that a pers. name 2 Liberal, Magnificent [p.E. nim, (lit.) spacious, (fig.) is in question ' from the O.E. cognate of bountiful, noble, etc.; O.Sax. hrdm = O.H.Ger. h)ruom (mod. cognate with O.N. riim-r = Goth, riim-s^ ruhm), fame, glory] Dut. ruim = Fris. rum, spacious, roomy] RONALD, the Scoto-Scandinavian form of We find the name Riima in an A.-Sax. Reginald, q.v. [O.N. Rognuald] charter a.d. 958.

The modern Norse form is Ragnvald as ROONEY (Celt.) the Red [Ir. Ruamidh {dh

well as Rognald. mute) — ruanaidh, red, reddish : cp. Mul- rooney] RONALDS, Ronald's (Son) "1 D„„aiH RONALDSON, Ronald's Son/ ^- "0"aia. ROOPE = Rope, q.v.

ROOFER = Roper, q.v., when it does not RONDEL "1 the French Rondel (later form ROHOEV-l.] Rondeau) = Round, Plump [Fr. represent the Dut. roeper (pron. rooper), a crier. rofid, Lat. rotund-us, round + the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us] (^--Fr-Lat.) a form of Rous(e, q.v. RONEY, V. Rooney. ROoIe } (Celt.) Dweller at a Moor [Wei. rAos] RONILDS for Ronalds, q.v. Hugh da Ros.—Pipe-Roll, A.D. 1237-8. a double dim. of q.v. RONNIE, Ronald, fN.E. Philip de Roos. and Scot. dim. suff. -/V] Lattc. Assize-Roll, A.D. 1246. RONSON, a contr. of i Ronaldson, q.v. These entries relate to Roose, N. Lanes. 2 Rolandson, q.v. "Roose, Rouse, or Rhos, a hundred in the " CO. of Pembroke . . . RONTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Roan-Tree Nat. Gaz. or Mountain-Ash [Dan.-Norw. rSnnetrce Roos, E. Yorks, is said to owe its name to ; cp. O.N. reyni-r, a roan-tree, rowan-tree] Peter de Ros, its proprietor temp. Hen. L (Eng. etc.) occ. a form of Rose, q.v. [cp. ROOD (Eng.) Dweller at a Cross [M.E. rood, Dut. roos, a rose, as in the local name rode, O.E. r6d\ Cp. Rode, Road". Rooseveld (-d as -t), Rosefield]

ROOF (Eng.) Gay, Cheerful [O.E. rdt] (Teut.) I syncopated forms of Rud- ROOTe} ROOFE " ijoin Rodolf, q.v. ROOFF. (Teut.) the Red, Ruddy [O.H.Ger. rdt (mod. ro/) = O.Sax. rdd =O.N. ridp-r, red] 2 Famous, Renowned [O.E. and O.Sax. Peter Rote.—Hund. Rolls. r6f = O.H.Ger. ruof, for older *hruof(f (mod. H.Ger. fame, etc.] ruf, ROOTS, Root's (Son). 3 the French Ruf = the Red, Red- Haired [Lat. ruf-us] ROPE (Eng.) theA.-Sax. Rop(p)a, Hrop(p)a [f. a deriv. of O.E. hrdpan (= O.Sax. 4 the rare A.-Sax. pers. name Hrdf (v. hrSpan = Dut. roepen), to shout : cp. O.E. under Rochester) Jcp. O.E. hrdf, m., the hrdp (= Goth, hrdp-s), a shout, clamour] sky, heaven, (lit.) roof; but the name is rather the older form of famous, seen rSf, ROPER (Eng.) Rope-Maker or -Seller [M.E in 2] roper{e, raper{e; O.E. rdp, rope -Jf the ROOF(W)RIGHT (Eng.) Roof-Builder [O.E. agent, suff. -ere] hrdf-^wyrhtdl Simeon le Ro^ei.—Hund. Rolls. Til Robyn the ropere ROOK "1 (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname and pers. Aroos bi the southe. ROOKE ) name from the Rook [M.E. rook, roke, O.E. hrdc = O.N. hrdk-r, a rook] Piers Plowman, 3147-8. Geoffrey le Rdke.—Hund- Rolls. ROPES I Rope's (Son) : v. Rope.

ROOKER = Roker, q.v. 2 a nickname for a Roper : v. Roper. — — ;

123 Ropkin Rosamund

ROPKIN for Robkin = Rob (q.v.) + the E. R08EWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe's dim. sufl. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-iti] Spring (spring frequented by the roe) [a genit. of a roe -|- wiella a spring, The unvoicing of 6 to /> here is due to O.K. rd, well] the influence of the following voiceless near Lasswade, letter k. There is a Rosewell CO. Edinburgh.

ROPKINS, RoPKiN's (Son) : v. Ropkin. It has been stated that the surname

Rosewell is from a French Rosseville : if RORISON, Rory's Son : v. Rory. there is a place with this name in France RORKE, V. O'Rorke. (I cannot trace it) some Rosewells may quite possibly owe their name to France. RORY (Celt.) Red King [Ir. Ruadhri — ruadh On the other hand, as Rosewell is largely (dh mute), red + ri, king] a west-country surname, it may possibly also represent a Cornish local name, from ROSBOTHAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe's Corn, rds, a heath, and either whdl, a ROSBOTTOM J Valley : v. Robotham, Ro- bottom. work or mine, or g)wSl, a field. See Rosweli, Roswald. ROSCOE 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Roscoe (Lanes), i6th cent. and = ROSCOW J Roscoe Roscow ROSEWORTHY (Celt.) Bel. to Roseworthy the Roe-Wood [O.N, rd (Dan.-Norw. (Cornwall) [Corn, rds, a heath -1- (app.) raa — pron. raw), a roe -(- O.N. sk6g-r g)wartha, higher, upper] (Dan.-Norw. skov), a wood] ROSHER I for Rusher, q.v. (A.-Lat.) a pers. name, nickname and ROSE 2 for Rossep, q.v. sign-name from the flower [O.E. rose \ Lat.

rosd\ ROSKELLl (Scand.) i the O.Scand. pers. Richard fil. Rose.^Hund. Rolls. ROSKILL J name Hros{s)kel [O.N. hross, a Nicholas de la Rose. Hund. Rolls. horse + -kel for ketel or Ixtill, a sacrificial And maister Frank the goldsmith at the cauldron] Rose.— 2 Bel. to Rosgill (Westmld.), 13th cent. Ravine [a late Pasquin, Night-Cap, A.D. 1 612; Lower, i. 21 1. Rasegille = (the) Roe's genit. of O.N. rd, a roe (often used as a (Eng.) Roe's (Son) : v. Roe. pers. name) -f- gil, a ravine] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Row(e)'s (Son) — Row{e, ROSKELLY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Roskilly (Corn- a contr. of Rowland or Rofand, q.v. ROSKILLY / wall) [Corn, rrfj, a heath -)- kelly, a. [Wei. = (Celt.) Dweller at Moor rhos killy (= Wei. celli), a grove] Corn, rds] " Rose-Market or i?Aos-Market, a parish ROSLIN (Fr.)the French Rosselin — 1 a double in the hundred of Roose, co. Pembroke dim. f. Fr. Rosse [O.Fr. ros, Lat. russ-us,

". red ; with the Fr. double dim. suff. -el-in\ . . . Nat. Gaz.

Cp. Roos(e. • 2 a double dim. f. an O.Teut. Ros{s-, Hrosis- name (as Roswalt, Hros{s)wald,

ROSEBERY \(Eng.) Bel. to Roseber(r)y Hrosls)kel, etc. : v. RoskellS Roswald)

ROSEBERRYJ (Edinb., Yorks," ; etc.) = [O.H.Ger. ros (mod. ross) = O.Sax. hross I Roe's Stronghold [a genit. of O.E. rd = Dut. ros = O.N. hross ( = O.E. hors), a

(= O.N. rd), a roe (a common pers. name) horse ; with the Fr. double dim. -el-in] -1- burh, a stronghold] The forms in the i3th-cent. Hundred- 2 the Rose-Hill [O.E. rose (Lat. rosc^ Rolls are Roscelin and Rocelin. + beorh,& hill] (Celt.) Bel. to Roslin (Edinb.), 13th cent. Rose-Hill is a common Eng. local name. Roskelyn=t'iie Holly-Wood Moor [Cym. ROSENGROVE (Eng.) Dweller at the Rose- rQi)os, a moor -f- celyn, a holly-wood] Grove [O.'E. rosen (fi^^.) + grdf] ROSLING = Roslin (q.v.), with added E. -g. ROSEVEAR(E (Celt.) Bel. to Rosvear (Corn- \ (Teut.) wall) = the Big Heath [Corn, rds (= Wei. ROSMAN Horse -Protection

ROSMUND [O.Teut. . Hrosmund, Roswund rhos), a heath, moor + Corn, -vear, mu- O.H.Ger. (mod. = tated form of mear (= Wei. mawr), great] ROSOMAN(D — ros ross) ROSAMUND ) O.Sax. hross = O.N. hross ( = ROSEWARN(E (Celt.) Bel. to Roswarne O.^.hors), a horse -f O.H.Ger. munt {mod., (Cornwall) = the Alder-Heath [Corn. mund) = O.Sax. mund = O.N. mund (= rSs (= Wei. rhos), a heath, moor + Corn. O.E. mund), hand, protection, protector gwern-en (= Wei. gwem = Bret, guem = although mund is a fern, noun it was Gaul, verti; whence Fr. ver(g)ne), an alder- sometimes used for male names, as in the tree] case of Eddmund] : : ::

124 Ross Roulston

ROSS (Celt.) Bel. to Ross ; or Dweller at a Bare him a son, which was his heir. Promontory or Peninsula [Gael, ros Whose name was called Roswall.-^ — It. ros, M.Ir. roijfN.Irel., a promontory Roswall and Lillian, 1 2- 13. or peninsula; S.Irel., a wood): cp. Wei. 2 for Rosewell, q.v. rhos, a moor, and Corn, rds, a heath]

An ros Muileach (the promontory of ROTHERAM l(Eng.) Bel. to Rotherham Mull). ROTHERHAM;(Yorks), the Domesday Ro- dreha' = the Land. by the R. Rother

ROSSALL "I (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rossall [O.E. ham{m, a piece of land, enclosure

ROSSELL J ( N.Lancs ), 13th cent. Roshal, the river-name may be from the early iRoshale, T>omesAay Rushale [Without pre- form of Wei. rhuthr, a rushing—rA«ttw, to Conquest forms nothing definite can be rush]

said as to the origin of this name : the first element may be O.N. hross, a horse, in 1 (A.-Celt.) Anglicizations of the which case the secohd would prob. be doTucdSc ^^'- Rhydderch vJRhydderoh. O.N. haU-r, a slope; or the first theme ROTHERY J m^y represent a genit. of O.E. rd, a roe, which, if used as a pers. name, would ROTHERY (Eng.) Dweller at the Cattle- make the second element O.N.E. hall, a Island or -Waterside [O.E. hreS\per, an hall, when otherwise it might be a weak ox, bull, cow + i{e)g, waterside] form of either O.N.E. halh,iL corner, nook, or O.N.E. hald, a slope] ROTHSCHILD (Ger.) Red Shield: see the (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Rossel, a dim. f. Appendix of Foreign Names. Rosse [O.Fr. ros, Lat. russ-us, red; with the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us"] ROTHWELL (Scand.) Bel. to Rothwell = I the Red Spring [O.N. rau)p-r (= Ger. Cp. Russell. roth), red + uell, a spring, well] ROSSBOTTOM, v. Rosbottom. 2 the Red Field [O.N. rau^r, red -|- aoW-r, a field] ROSSER (Celt.) seems to represent the Wei. rhyswr = Champion, Combatant [v. The Yorks Rothwell was Rodouuelle and Rodeuuelle in Domesday-Book. There under Rhys ; and for a similar vowel- change cp. Prothepo and v. Rhydderch] is a famous spring at the Northants Rothwell. The Lines Rothwell was ROSSINGROVE for Rosengrove, q.v. Rothewelle in the 13th cent.

ROSSITER. Bel. to i Wroxeter (Salop), the ROUGH, a var. of Roche, q.v. A. - Sax. *Wredcen-ceaster (cp. A.-Sax. Wredcen-sete, i.e. the seittlers in the Wre- ROUGHLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Roughley or

kin area), the first element of which is Roughlee ; or Dweller at the Rough Lea due to the Latin name Uriconium, Uiroco- [O.E. nth, rough, wild -|- ledh, a lea] etc. [O.E. nium, Urioconium, ceaster, a The Lane. Roughlee was Rughelegh Roman city — Lat. castra, a camp: the A.D. 1323. first element is doubtful (see Rhys, ' Celt.

Brit.,' ed. 1908, p. 324.] ROUGHSEDGE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Rough [Ditch or Watercourse 2 Rocester ( Staffs ), the Domesday ROUGHSICH Rowecestre, i2tli cent. Roffecestre, 13th cent. [O.E. nih + ifc (=O.N. sik(i] Rawecestre [O.E. ceaster, a Roman city There is a Rough Sike in Cumberland. the first element is. doubtful — poss. O.E. rtih (M.E. row, etc.), rough, waste, ROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roughton. (Norf.

wild] 14th cent. Roughton ; Lines, etc.) = i the ROSTHERN(E, v. Rawsthorn(e. Rough Enclosure [O.E. ruh, rough, wild, uncultivated -t- tin, enclosure] a metathesized form of ROSTRON, Raws- 2 Hr6ca's Estate rA.-Sax. *Hr6can- torn, Rawsthopn, q.v. ttin — Hrdcan-, genit. ol Hrdca, f. hric, a

rook : 1- ROSWALD (Teut.) Horse-Might [O.Teut. tAn, estate, etc.] Roswalt, Hros{s)wald,, etc. — O.H.Ger. ros At Roughton, Norfolk, a considerable (mod. ross) = O.Sax. hross = O.N. hross portion of the land is (or was) heath. (= O.E. hors), a horse -1- O.H.Ger. gi)'a)alt = O.Sax. gi):wald == O.N. uald (= O.E. ROULSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roulston or Rol-

ge)w{e)ald), might, power] leston : v. Rolieston.

Roulston, Lines, is also known, as Rowston, — ———— ; —

125 Round Rowlandson

ROUND (A.-Fr^Lat.) Rotund, Plump [M.E. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) I contr. of Rowland, rounde, O.Fr. roond (Fr. rond), Lat. rotund- Roland, q.v. us\ (occ.) 2 for the O.French Roil (seen in

In France, this name usually has a dim. ' Wace's Roman de Rou '). a contr. of Stiff., as in (for earlier Rondeau Rondel), Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. Roniiet, Rondelet, etc. (Celt.) Red, Red - Haired [Ir. and (Scand.) (occ.) for (q.v.), with Rowan Gael, ruadh {dh mute), red] intrus. -d. There has naturally been some late ROUNDHAY (Fr. + Eng.) Bel. to Roundhay confusion with Roe, q.v. or Dweller at the Round En<;losure (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and [M.E. rounde, O.Fr. roond (Fr. rond),' Lat. ROWAN Gael. Ruadhan {dh mute) — ruadh, red -|- rotund-US + M.E. haye, O.E. hag; a field, meadow] the dim. sufT. -dn} The great Roundhay Park, near Leeds (Scand.) Dweller at the Rowan-Tree (a.d. 1322 La Roundhaye), was formerly (Mountain-Ash) [Dial. Norw. raM« = Dan.- " enclosed within a circular pale." Norw. rdn{ne = O.N. reyni-rl

ROUNTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Rowan- ROWAN D = Rowan (q,v.) with common Tree [v. under Rowan', and + O.N. tre, post-» -d. a tree] ROWAT l the French Rouat (v. under Row(e V. O'Rourke. dim. of ROURKE, ROWATT J —A.-Fr.-Teut.»), a double Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. [Fr. dim. suff. -at] ROUS I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Red, Red - Haired [M.E. A.-Fr. rous{e, O.Fr. rous (Fr. ROUSE I ROWBOTHAM ] = Robotham, Robottom, -sse, Prov. ros), Lat. russ-us, red] roux , ROWBOTHOM q.v. Jordan le Rous. Cal Ing. P.M. ROWBOTTOM Juliana la Rouse. Hund. Rolls. ROWOLIFFE = Rawoliffe, q.v. In Malory we find the name with pre- = Roden, q.v. fixed 'de la' ROWDEN My lordes name is the duke de la There are places of this name in Lei- Rouse.—Morte d'Arthur, VII. xxxii. cester, Hereford, etc. My name is, said he, the duke de la Rowse.—Idem, VII. xxxiv. ROWE, V. Row. usually This name was Latinized ROWELL "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Roe-Spring, Rufus. ROWLL J i.e. a spring or well frequented by Cp. Russ, Russell. roes [O.E. rd, a roe + w(i)ella, a spring] The Glouc. Rowell is also called Roel. ROUSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Rousby (Yorks), the Domesday Rozebi = RA's, Estate [a (A.-Fr.-Teut.) I the French Rouel (v. genjt. of O.N. rd (Dan.-Norw. raa — aa as under Row(e — A.-Fr.-Teut.'), a double aw), a roe (used as a pers. name) -|r hy-r, dim. of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. [Fr. dim, suff. estate, farm, etc.] -el] 2 for the French Raoiil = Ralph, Ralf, ROUTH (Scand.) i Bel. to Routh (Yorks), the Domesday Rute, Rutha = the Clearing q.v. [O.N. ru\, a clearing] Death hes tane Rowll of Abirdene And gentill of Corstorphyn Cp. Royd. Rowll ; Two bettir fallowis did no sie. 2 Red, Red-Haired [O.N. rau^-r, red] man Dunbar, Lamentfor the Death of the Makkaris. ROUTLEDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Routledge ROWEN for Rowan, q.v. fCumb.) = the Red Lache or Pool O.E. redd, red (the form Rout- has been ROWETT, the French Rouet (v. under Row(e influenced by O.N. raulp-r, red) ; and v. —A.-Fr.-Teut.»), a double dim. of Rolf, under Lach(e and Leech''] Rodolf, q.v. - [Er. dim. suff. -et\

(Eng.) Dweller at the (of ROW "I Row dwel- ROWLAND = Roland, q.v. ROWEJlings, hedge-row, etc.) [M.E. rowe, This form arises O.E. rckw, a row, nedge-row] directly from the 13th- cent. A.-Fr. Rouland, which is a present- Richard del Rowe. day French surname. Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1350-1.

Henry del Rowe. ROWLANDS, Rowland's (Son) 1 „ ^-Ro'and., ^ Lane. Fines, A.D. 1434. ROWLANDSON, Rowland's Son / —

126 Rowlatt Roydon

Broom ; Rowton Heath, Cheshire, is a ''"^- R°"at(t' Ro"et(t, q.v. rowlettI °^ famous battlefield.

Roulat is now rather rare in France ; but 2 the Roe-Enclosure [M.E. ro, O.E. rd, Roulet (and Roullet) and Roulot are fairly a roe -f- tin] . common. ROXBU RG H i (Eng.) Bel. to Roxburgh, 12th ROWLES, a var. of Rolles, q.v. ROXBROUGH (cent. Rokisburc, Rochesburh, later Rgkhburgh; O.E. *Hr6ces-burh = ROWLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rowley = i the Hr6c's Stronghold [the genit. of O.E. Rough Lea [M.E. rou, rowi etc., O.E. rAh, hrdc, a rook (used as a pers. name) + hurti, roiigh, wild + M.E. ley, etc., O.E. ledh, a a fortified placfe] meadow] ROXBY (Scand.) Bel. to Roxby (Yorks», 2 the Roe-Lea [M.E.w, O.E. rd, a roe Lines) = Hr6k's Estate [the genit. of M.E. ley, etc., O.E. ledh, a meadow] + O.N. hrdk-r, a rook (used as a pers. name) The Staffs Rowley was Rueleg, Route, + b^-r, farm, estate] in the I2th and 13th cent. The Yorks In the 17th and i8th cent, this surname place was ^ow/e;' in the 14th cent. The was often spelt Roxbee. , Lanes Rowley was Roley in the i6th cent. ROXETH (Eng.) Bel. to Roxeth (M'sex), a.d. ROWLING, a var. of Rolling for Rollin, q.v. 84s Hrdces sed^as Cset Hrdces sed^um ') — Hr6c'S' Pits or Springs [the genit. of Roulin (also Roulliri) is nbt imcommon O.E. hrdc, a root (used as a pers. name) in Northern France. ' + the pi. of O.E. sed^, a pit, pool, spring, Cp. Rawlin(g. etc.]

ROWLINGS, Rowling's (Son) "1 v. ROXTON (Eng.) Bel. to Roxton = Hr6c's

ROWLINGSON, Rowling's Son J' Rowling. Estate [the genit. of O.E. krSc, a rook (used as a pers. name) tiin, estate, etc.] Rowlingson is, however, sporadically + for Rowlandson, q.v. ROY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) King (a nickname and pageant-name) [Fr. rot, O.Fr. rei, hat. rex, ROWLINSON I for Rowlandson, q.v. regis, a king] 2 a var. of Rolllnson, q.v. In to the ring of the Roy Robert, The first king of the gud Stewart. ROWNEY (Celt.) for Rooney, q.v. Roy Robert, 1-2. (Scand.) Dweller at the Rowan-Tree (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and Gael. Island or Waterside [v. under Rowan', ruadh {dh mute), red] and + O.N. ey, island, etc.] ROYAN (Celt.) Red, Red-Haired [Ir. and ROWNSON I Round's Son : v., Round. Gael, ruadh (dh mute), red the dim. 2 for Rowlandson, q.v. + suff. -dn] ROWNTREE (Scand.) Dweller at a Rowan- Tree [v. under Rowan', and + O.N. tre'] This is especially a Yorkshire surname. 2 a fem. name Royse (and Roysia) occurs Cp. Rountree. in our 13th and 14th cent, records: this seems to be the O.French Roese, Rohais, = q.v. ROW3E Rou8(e, etc.. Latinized Roesia, Roisia, etc.]

ROWSEL ) rowsell! Russel(l, q.v. R0YCR0FT}f-RV-°«'1--

ROWSON, Row's Son : v. Row (A.-Fr.-Teut.) ROYD (Scand.) Dweller at a Clearing [O.N. There has prob. been some confusion rid]?-r, a forest-clearing] with Rawson, q.v. Cp. Routh>.

ROWTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rowton = 'i the ROYDEN (Eng.) for Roydon, Rydon, q.v. Rough Enclosure [M.E. rou, row(e, ROYDHOUSE (Scand.) Dweller at the rugh{e, etc., O.E. rtih, rough, wild 4- tun, Clear- ' iNG-HousE [v. under enclosure, etc.] Royd, and + O.N. The Yorks Rowton was Rugheton and hiisl Rugetonin Domesday- Book. "The Shrop- ROYDON (Eng.) Bel. to Roydon = the Rye- shire places were Roweton and Ronton in Hill [O.E. ryge = O.N. riig-r, rye + O.E. the 13th cent. The topography of some Mn, a hill] of the Rowtons makes the connexion with It is app. one of the Norfolk Roydons a state of uncultivation clear : thus one of which occurs as RygedAn in Bishop the Shropshire Rowtons is united to /Elfric's will, a.d. 1037. — ' —

127 Royds Rudkins

ROYDS, pi. (and genit.) of Royd, q.v. RUCKLEDGE, a gutturalized form of Rout-

. ledge, q.v. ROYFFE, a form of Rolf, q.v. RUDALUfor Rudhall, q.v. ROYLANCE for Rylands, q.v. RUD(D (Teut.) i Red, Ruddy [O.N. r/rfji-r ROYLE 1 V. Ryle. (Dan.-Norw. rod) = O.E. redd (cp, O.E. 2 (occ.) a North, dial, form of Roll(e, rudu, red colour] 2 a dim. of Rudolf = Rodolf, q.v.

ROYLES, genit., and pi, of Royle, q.v. Walter Rui.—Hund. Rolls. There may have been some confusion ROYS(E, V. Royoe. with Rood, q.v.

ROYSTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Royston (Herts) = Royse's or Roisia's Town [v. under ^1JSSle'-1^-R"«^'^-"'

erection of houses ; and the place acquired Rudhall, Glouc.,is also known as Ruddle. the appellation of Royse's TiyOm or Royston. (and sign- —Nat. Gaz. 1868.' RUDDOCK 1 (Eng.) a nickname RUDDUCK) name) from the Robin [M.E. In mediaeval deeds the Herts place- ruddoc(k, O.E. ruddoc, robin-redbreast — name was Latinized Roissice Oppidum. O.E. rudu, redness -f the dim. suff. -oc\ 2 Bel. to Royston (Yorks). According Ralph Ruddoc— /y««rf. Rolls. to Turner's ' Yorkshire Doraesday-Book this is the Domesday Rorestun and Rores- The tame ruddok, and the coward kyte, tone [the pers. name involved (in the genit.) The cok, that orloge is of thorpes lyte. may be any one of the A. -Sax. names Chaucer, Parlement of Foules, 349-50. Hrfffw{e)ard, Hro^h{e)ard, HrS'pgdr, etc. ; The ouzell shrills : the ruddock warbles or even the O.E. hrdr, vigprous, strong, if soft.—Spenser, Epithalamion, 82. it could be shown that this word was used in pers. nomenclature: — + O.E. tAn, RUDDY (Eng.) Red, Ruddy [O.E. rudig] estate, farm, etc.] (Teut.) a double dim. of Rudolf, Rod-

ROYTON (Eng.) Bel. to Royton (Lanes : rsth olf, q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y] and 14th cent. Ryton; Essex, etc.) = the Dweller at a Ridge Rye-Enclosure [O.E. ryge = O.N. rug-r, RUDGE(Eng.) or Back [M.E. rugge, O.E. hrycg] rye -f- O.E. tun, enclosure, etc.] With a pak at his rugge.— RUBBATHAM for Robotham, qlv. Piers Plowman, 9346. RUBEN = Reuben, q.v. [cp. Ger. Ruben} (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Red, Red-Haired [A.-Fr. rug(jg)e, Fr. rouge, L.-Lat. rubjus, Lat. Than Ruben cam thider a-gen. rubeus, red] 13th cent. metr. vers. oiGen.axiA,Bx., 1959. Osbert le Rugge.—Hund. Rolls.

RUBENS I Ruben's (Son) : v. Ruben. RUDGLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Ridge-Lea Oft ist noch die Genetivform geblie- [O.E. hrycg + ledh] ben . . . Jakobs, Peters, Rubens.— Bahnisch, Die deutschen Personennamen, RUDHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Rudhall = i the 1910, p. 21. Red Hall [0,E. redd {rudu, redness), red hie)all, a hall] (rarely) 2 Red, Reddish [Lat. rubens] -I- 2 the Red Corner (of Land) [O.E. a corner, nook] RUBERY \ (Eng.)Bel.toRowberrow(Soms.), h{fi)aVJi, RU BERRY J i6th cent. Rouberow = the Rough Cp. Ruddle. Hill [M.E. rou, row{e, O.E. nih, rough, RUDKIN (Teut.) a dim. of one of the Teut. wild M.E. bergh(e, berwe,etc., O.E.beorg, -f- Rud- names — Rudolf, Rudger (Rodger), a hill] etc., with the L.Ger. (double!) dim. suff. RUCK for Rook, q.v. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in] William le Rxik.—Hund. Rolls. RUDKINS, RudKin's (Son). ;

128 Rudland Rumbald

RUDLAND (Teut.) i Bel. to Rudland; or RUGBY (Scand. or Eng.) Bel. to Rugby, the Dweller at {a) the Red Land [O.E. redd Domesday Rocheberie, 13th and 14th cent. {rudu, redness) = O.N. riS^-r, red + ( and later ) Rokeby, iSth cent. Rukby land] [The absence of pre-Domesday forms

this name difficult : the ( b ) the Cleared Land [ O.N. rui makes (ri(!\>-r), a clearing] Domesday -berie usually represents O.E. be(fi)rh, a hill, and Rugby is "on high Rudland Moor is in Yorkshire. " round ; but the cotisistent post-Domes- 2 the O.Teut. pers. name Hruodlant, fay occurrence of -by, together with the Hrd^land, etc. (mod. Ger. Rudland) : v. contiguity of other -by names, makes it under Roland. probable that the second element was orig. the O.N. hy-r, a farm, estate, etc. = Rucl(d, q.v., man. RUDMAN + the first element doubtless being the O.N. RUDOLF hrdk-r (= O.E. hrSc), a rook, used as a RUDOLPH V. Rodolf. pers. name: cp. the Yorks Rokeby, the Domesday Rochebi (v. Rokeby). As late RUDSTON 1 (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rud- as the reign of Elizabeth the Warwick- RUDSTONE/ston(e (Yorks)^ the Domesday shire name was written Rokeby, so that the Rodestan and Rodestein [The name is app. voicing of fe to ^ (due to the influence of due to a large ancient stone pillar, nearly the following voiced letter b) is compara- 30 feet high, which is (or was) preserved tively recent] in the churchyard. The first element is RUGELEY (Eng.) Bel. to Rugeley (Staffs), 13th either O E. rdd = O.N. rd^a, a rood, cruci- cent. Ruggeley, the Domesday Rkgelei = fix, or O.E. redd = O.N. riffp-r, red + the Ridge-Lea [M.E. rugge, O.E. hrycg 4- O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn, a stone] M.E. ley, O.E. ledh] RUDYARD (Eng.) Bel. to Rudyard (Staffs), the "The manor was formerly held by the " Domesday Rudierd, Ia.d. 1004 Rudegeard Rudgeleys ; and the natives' pronuncia- [the second element is O.E. geard, a yard, tion is ' Ridgeley."

enclosure : the first may represent O.E. RUGG (Scand.) Dweller at a Ridge [O.N. nide, the rue-plant, an A.-Sax. pers. name hrygg-r, a ridge] Ruda, or O.E. redd (O.E. red rudu, colour), Cp. Rudge. red]

RUFF I the French Ruf, Ruffe = the Red, RULE (Eng.) Bel. to Rule (Staffs), 13th cent. Red-Haired [Lat. ruf-us] Rewel(e, Rewell, Rewyl, Ruwel, 12th cent. Ruwell [the second element is app. M.E. 2 an assim. form of Rolf, Rodolf, q.v. well(e, etc., O.E. wielUfl, a spring, well the first element seems more likely to be RUFFELL"! (A.-Fr.-LatJ the French Ruffel = M.E. rew(e, O.E. r(kw, a hedgerow, than RUFFLE /the Red, Red-Haired [ f. Lat. M.E. row{e, rugh, O.E. nih, rough] ruf-us, red -I- the Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. ell-us] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the French Raoul : v. Rawie, Ralph. RUFFIN (A..Fr.-Lat.) the French i?Mi?;«, Rufin, Latin Ruf(f)in-us=the Red, Red- Haired ^- ^»^^o\6, Rumbald. [f. Lat. ruf-us, red, with the suff. -in-usl RUMBLE^} Rujinus was the name of one of Theo- dosius's generals. RUMBELOW (Eng.) a nickname fora Sailor, from an old mariners' cry [perh. = Room RUFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Rufford = the Below I — somewhat equiv. to the modern ! [O.E. ' Rough Ford nih, rough + ford] Look out below ' a cry used to warn The Lancashire Rufford was R(o)ugh- those in the hold of a vessel while she is ford in the 14th cent. The Yorkshire being loaded] Rufforth is the Domesday Ruford. RUWIBOLDI (Eng. ) Magnificently Bold RUFSEDGE = Roughsedge,q.v. RUMBALD / [A.-Sax. Rumbold, Rumb{e)ald — rum, bountiful, noble, magnificent + -bold, RUFUS (Lat.) Red, Red-Haired [Lat. rufus, b(e)ald, bold] red] (Teut.) Famously or Gloriously Bold Rufus was a common Roman name, and [O.Teut. Hr{u)ombald, Ruombald, etc. — it had derivatives like and Rufinus Ru- O.H.Ger. hruom, ruom = O.Sax. hrihn = finianus ; while the geminated forms ^w^iw Dut. roem, fame, glory -f O.H.Ger. O.Sax. and Ruffinus (showing shortened u) also O.E. bald = Dut. boud = O.N. ball-r, occur. „ ' bold] Both Rufus and Ruffus occur in the 13th Both Rumbald and Rumbold occur in the cent. Hundred-Rolls. i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. — — ——— ;

129 RumboH Rush

There is evidence (e.g., a.d. 1545, There is a Renacres (Hall) in Lancashire "Robert Rumbold, alias Reynbald." which occurs in the I3th-r4th centuries as Blomefield, Hist. Nor/., v. 90, quoted by Runacres, Ruynacres, Roynacres, Rowyn- Bardsley) of some confusion witii the acres, etc., and in the i6th cent, as descendants of the O.Teut. Regetibald, Reynacre. Regiribald, Raginbald-.v-vrnder Rambau(l)t, Confused with Ranacr

RUMFITT for Rumfopd, q.v. RUNOIE, V. Runoy.

RUM FORD (Eng.) Bel. to Romford (Essex) = RUNCI(E)MAN (A.-Fr..?Teut. -|- E.) Horse- (prob.) the Wide Ford [O.E. rum, wide dealer, Jobmaster [v. under Runcy, E. + ford] and -I- mari\ Romford is prbn. 'Rumford.' The RUNCY (A.-Fr.-?Teut.) a nickname or trade- name, Rom, of the stream at Romford is name from the Nag so called [M.E. runcy, modern and taken from the place-name. rouncy, ro{u)nsy, a nag ; O.Fr. ronci, roncin, The ford has long been replaced by a runcin ; M.Lat. runcin-us ; orig. uncert.] bridge. . . . ne rMBCiM ne sumer [sumpter]. The hamlet Rumford in co. Stirling Chanson de Roland, 758. does not seem to have influenced our He rood upon a rouncy as he kouthe pers. nomenclature. [could] a of faldyng to the knee. RUMLEY for Romilly, q.v. In gowne Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 390-1. RUMMELOW for Rumbelbw, q.v. ... on ronsy micht ryde. RUMMINGER (Eng. + Fr.) Stevedore [Early Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 442. Mod. E. ro»ia.gB>- (Hakluyt) ; f. M.E. roum RUNDELLI (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname for one (O.E. rUm), room, space, with Fr. suff. RUNDLE J of Rotund proportions [Fr..ffoM(;- -age, Lat. -atic-us: the surname has an el — rond, round -|- the dim. suif. -el inserted « as in 'messenger'] Lat. rotund-US, round]

( ) of Cp. ; also the Fr. double dim. RUM(M)ON ] Teut. weak forms the Round RUM(M)AN \O.T&it. Hruodmund, Hrdpmund, rondelet, ' plump,' which also occurs as a etc. (v. surname in France. RUM(M)EN J Rodmund) ; prob. more particularly descendants of the O.N. (Eng.) the A.-Sax. \pug. Romund-r for /f>-ol'»zM»rf-r(forloss of final RUNTING Hrunting uncertain] -d cp. Oman). hseit-m6cel to that hilted (A.-Fr.-Lat.) occ. for Roma(i)n, q.v. Waes ^dem Was sword Hrunting nama \Hrunling (the) name.

RUIVI(M)ONS"| Rum(m)on's ( Son ) : Rum- Beowulf, 2918-19. RUM(M)ANS kM)AN'S (Son): Rum(m)en's RUM(M)ENsJ (Son). RUPERT, the Ger. Ruprecht, a var. of Robert, q.v: RUMNEY, v. Romney. "Knecht Ruprecht" or "Rupert" is a RUMP (Teut.) a nickname for a stumpy per- children's bugbear in Germany. son fM.E. rumpe (occurring in this form as in a surname the i3th-cent. Hundred- (Scand.) for Rosooe, q.v. RuloOE } Rolls and othei" records) ; L.Ger. rump = O.N. rump-r (whence Dan.-Norw. rumpe, (Celt.) app. a var. of Rusky, q.v. Swed. rumpia) = Dut. romp (= Mod. There is a hamlet Rusco in Kirkcud- High Ger. runipf) : one of the definitions brightsTjire. of ' rump ' in Geelmuyden's ' Engelsk

Ordbog ' (Christiania) is stump'] RUSE = Rou8(e, q.v.

RUMSEY, V. Romsey. RUSH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Rousse: v. Rous(e. RUNACRES (Scand.) Dweller at i the Bush- Fields [O.N-. runn-r, a bush, shrub -|- akr (Eng.) not improb. also a contr. of one (= O.E. eecer), a field (with late (Eng.) pi. or other of the Rush- names. -s] ,The county-Dublin place-name Rush,

' 2 the Rowan-Tree Fields [Dan.- anc. Roseo, ' yew-treepeninsula [Ir. ros, = peninsula Norw. ronne Swed. ronn (earlier runn), a ; ed, a yevv-tree] (Joyce), will O.N. reyni-r, the rowan-tree] hardly have influenced this surname. ; — — : ;

130 Rushall Rutland

RUSHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Rushall (Staffs, Wilts, Both Russel and Russell occur in the Norf., etc.) = the Rushy Corner [O.E. i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. corner] rysc, a rush + h(e)al(h, a Russel(l was an old name for the fox, The Staffs Rushall was Rushate in the from its colour 1 2th cent., Rischale in Domesday-Book. And Daun Russell, the fox, stirtie up at ones.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 4524. RUSHBROOK (Eng.) Bel. to Rushbrooke \ The Russells, and the Fresells [Frasers] the RUSHBR06KE J or Dweller at Rushy fre. Thomas of Ersyldoune, ii. 24. Brook [O.E. rysc, a rush + brdc, a stream] The Suffolk Rushbrooke was Rushbroke RUSSET (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the Red, Red-Haired [A.-Fr. v. in the 14th cent. ; earlier Ryssebrok. russet, O.Fr. rousset: under

Russ. Rous, and -f- the Fr. dim. suff. -et RUSHER (Eng.) Rush-Worker [M.E. ryscher; cp. Russel (I] f. O.E. rysc, a rush -|- the agent, suff. -ere] Although Rousset is a common surname in France, Russet is practically extinct in RUSHFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rushtord ; or Britain, largely because it has been assi- RUSHFORTH J Dweller at the Rushy Ford milated to Rust. [O.E. rysc, a rush -t- ford\ RUST (A.-Fri-Lat.) a monosyllabized form of RUSHMER \(Eng;) Bel. to Rushmer(e; or Russet, q.v. RUSHMERE J Dweller at the Rushy Pool (Teut.) There is evidence [O.E. rysc, a rush -1- mere, a pool] (cp. the A.-Sax. place-names Rustingden, Rustewelle, and

(Eng.) Bel. to Rushmore; or ' RUSHMORE the Sussex Rustington ') that the A.-Sax. JDweller at the Rushy Moor [O.E. rysc, a and Dan.-Norw. rAst, 'rust,' originally rush -I- mdr, a moor] 'red,' 'redness,' was used in nomen- clature (the co-radical llatin word tor RUSHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Rushton = the ' rust,' robigo or riibigo, was also a deity- [O.E. a rush Rushy Enclosure rysc, rise, name). -f- tun, an enclosure] Cp. Rishton. Peter Rust.—/fani Rolls. (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Ruston The RisctUn of a charter, a.d. 854, by RUSTON ; Norf.) ^}>elwulf, king of the West Saxons, re- (Yorks = Rust's Estate [v. under (Teut.), fers to Ruishton, Somerset. Rust and -t- O.E. O.N.

-I- wor^, an enclosure, farm] RUTHERFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Rutherford; or Dweller the Cp. Rishworth. RUTHERFURD J at Cattle- Ford [O.E. hrfSer, an ox, bull, cow -|- RUSK (Scand.) Doughty, Bravk Active ford\ [O.N. = O.H.Ger. rosh-r rosch'\ RUTHVEN (Celt.) Bel. to Ruthven (several in E. Scotl.), I2th-i3th RUSKELL for Roskell, q.v. some cent, forms being Ruthaven, -ruotheven, Rotheivan = RUSKIE 1 (Celt.) Dweller at a Marshy Place the Red River [Cym. rhudd (dd as th) = RUSKY J [Gael, riascach = Ir. riascach, ricts- Gael, ruadh, red + Cym. afon (/ as v), gach,, rusgach, marshy, a marshy place] O.Cym. (and Bret.) avon = Gael, abhainn, Ruskie is the name of a Perthshire river]. village. ' The parish of Ruthven, Forfar, e.g., has a light, reddish soil,, which would easily I = (q.v.) RUSKIN RU88, Rous + the L.Ger; influence the colour of the river. dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in\ RUTLAND (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Rutland, 2 (q.v.) 4- the Fr. suff. — Rusk dim. -in. anc. Roteland, Rotland [Orig. uncertain

' RUSLING for Ro8lin(g, q.v. but the prob. meaning is root-land ' — M.E. ra<(e, O.N. r6t (for wrot), a root (O.N. RUSS = Rous, q.v. rdta = O.E. wrdtan, to root up), as the county formerly John le Rus.—Hund. Rolls. was noted for its forests, which are '' now almost wholly destroyed " (but Gilbert Kuss.—Hund. Rolls. the roots or stumps may at first have been left). If the county had RUSSEL l ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) the Red, Red- been named from its soil the old RUSSELL ^ Haired [A.-Fr. russelQ, O.Fr. red name would have been Rodeland instead of the consistent RUSSILL J roussel v. under Russ, Rous, Rote- land or Rotland. and -f the Fr. . dim. suff. -el : cp. Fr. rousseau, m., rousselle, i.i red-haired] See the quotation under Reynold. — ; .

131 Rutledge Rymill

2 Bel. to Rye (Suss.), M. French La Rie

[drig. uncert. : cp, Ree]

la of the Kentish RUTLEY (Ehg.) Dweller at i the Root-Lea A 'John de Rye' his name to [v. under Rutland, and + M.E. ley, O.E. Hundred-Rolls prob. owed ledh, a meadow] the Sussex port. (occ.) 2 the Red Lea [O.E. redd + ledh] RYGATE = Relgate, q.v.

RUTTER I lilie Rautep (q.v.), from the Dut. RYHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Ryhali (Rutland), ruiter, ' trboper,' ' horseman.' Found in Rihale in a late copy of a Latin charter Early Mod. E. also with the L.Ger, dim. dated a.d. 664 = (prob.) the Rye-Cqrner suff. -kin. (Field) [O.E. ryge, rye -|- h(e)al{h, a corner, nook] 2 the M.E. rotour = Rote-Player [f. M.E. O.Fr, rote, a musicsal instrument (a RYHILL (Eng.) Bel. to Ryhill, Ryehill; or kind of fiddle) ; O.H.Ger. h)rota, a rote Dweller at the Rye-Hill [O.E. ryge, rye app. of Celt, orig.; cp. Wei. crwth, a fiddle + hyll (U.E. hul{I] = Gael, and Ir. cruit, a harp, 0.1r. crot, a Cp. Rydon. harp] John le Rotour. RYLANCE for Rylands, q.v. Subsidy-Soil, A.D. Sgtns. 1327. RYLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Rye-Land Cp. Crowther. \O.E. ryge + land] fairly local RUTTERFORD i Dweller at the Trooper- This would be a common: Ford [v. under Rutter', and + M.E. name ; but the gazetteers mention speci- O.E. ford] fically a Ryland in Yorks and , one in 2 for Rutherford, q.v. Lines. ' RUXTON for Roxton, q.v. Cp. Rylands. RUYTON, V. Royton, Ryton. RYLANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Rye-Lands [O.E. the pi. of RYALU for Ryhall, q.v. . ryge + mod. land] RYALLS, genit., and pi., of Ryall, Ryhall, q.v. This (like Ryland) would be a tolerably fi^equent local name (cp. Oatlands); but RYAN, V. O'Ryan. most of the owners of the name owe it RYCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Rye-Croft to Lane, and Chesh. spots rather than to [O.E. ryge, rye -1- croft, a small field] the now better-known Herefordshire The Yorks Rycroft is spelt the same in Ryelands. The Lane. Rylands was Ri- the 14th cent. landes, Rylau?ides (and Riland) in the .13th cent. ; Rylondes, Ruylondes, etc., in the 14th-

(Eng.) Bel. to Ryde (I.o.W.), anc. ' RYDE La 15th cent. (v. 'The Rylands of the Ry- (also Rye, prob. con- Ride, La Rithe La by lands within Westhoughton, co. L ancaster' fusion with Rye in Sussex) = the Rivu- by Paul Rylands, F.S.A.) The Chesh. [O.E. J. let «'K«] Rylands was Rylondis and Ruylonds in the Ryde, or Ride, is a Hampshire dialect- I3th-i4th cent. word for " streamlet.' RYLE I for Ryhill, q.v. RYDER = Rider, q.v. It is the Cheshire place (early- i4th-cent RYDING = Riding, q.v. Ryhull, Ryehull, Ruyhul) rather than the, RYDON (Eng.) Dwieller at the Rye-Hill Northumberland Ryle that has had the [O.E. ryge + dlin] great surnominal influence, esp. in the Cp. Roydon. form 'Royle,' which is very common in Chesh. and S. Lanes (v. Guppy, 'Homes of RYE 1 Bel. to Ry (Seine-Inf6rieure, etc.) = the Family-Names,' p, 545). Bank [O.Fr. rie, a bank] 2 (occ.) for Ryhall, q.v. This name occurs in the (supp.) copies Roll of Battle in of the Ahhey — Ry RYLEY, V. the commoner form Riley. Leland's copy, Rie in Holihshed's copy. Mr. Walter Rye, F.S.A., sayS that "Hubert RYMAN (Eng.) Rye-Man (Dealer) [O.E. ryge, de Rye came over with the Conqueror, rye -|- man{n] and his sons settled in Norfolk, Notting- Cp. Wheatman. ham, Deiftjy, and Essex." He adds that RYMER = Rimer, q.v. a Huguenot family of the name settled in Norwich in the i6th cent. Blomefield RYMILL (Erig,) Dweller at or by the Rye-Mill (' Hist. Norf.') mentions Hubert de' Rie as [M.E. ry{e, O.E. ryge + M.E. mille, O.E. being governor of Norwich Castle c. 11 00. myln] — —

132 Rynd Sager

RYND = Rhind.q.v. The Yorks Ryton occurs as Ritun and

Ritone in Domesday-Book ; but the War- RYTON (Ehg.) Bel. to Ryton = i the Rye- wickshire Ryton - on - Dunsmore, while Enclosure [O.E. ryge, lye + tun, enclo- mentioned in Domesday as Rietone, is sure, etc.] found in the 13th cent, as Rugintune, Rutune, as well as Ruiton. 2 (rarely) the Rough Enclosure [O.E. ' ri«A, rough, uncultivated] RYVEN for Ruthven, q.v.

SAB ) SACKERSONi (the) Sacker'sSon:v. Sacker.

SABB \ I dim. of Sabin(e, q.v. sabbeJ 2 for Zachary's Son : v. Zachary.

2 Bede tells us (' Hist. Eccl.' ii. 5.) that SACKETT, the French Sacquet = Sac{q (v. the sons of Sreberht, king of Essex (d. Sack') -I- the dim. suff. -et. A.D. 616), familiarly called him Saba : v, Sebright. SACKVILLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to i Secqueville" SABEY = Sab(b (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. -ey. (Calvados, Norm.) = the Dry Vill, i.e. (app.) the Dry-built [Nor. Fr. secque, f. SABI N 1 (Fr.-Lat.) Sabine [Fr. Sdbin, -e, Lat. (Fr. sec, sdche), Lat. sice-, dry -f Fr. ville, SABINE Sabinus,m.,Sdbina,i.'] J Lat. DiWa] statue of " Sabinus, planter of the A This name was Latinized in mediaeval vines " (the supposed eponymus of the documents de Sicca Villa : cp. Drayton, Sabines), was among those remarked by Latinized de Arida Villa. Mnsas when he entered the palace of Latinus 2 Sacquenville (Eure, Norm.)

. . . Sabinus Vitisator, curvam servans sub imagine SADD (Eng.) Serious, Discreet, Firm [M.E. {alcem.—^neis, vii. 178-9. sad(de ; O.E. seed, primarily meaning ' sated Sabino,-a, Savino,-a. — Antico pat- "] ronimico, che voleva dire I'Uomo o la In Surrye [Syria] whilom dwelte a Donna del paese dei Sabini, o Sabelli, compaignye nella Italia centrale. Of chapmen riche, and tiierto sadde a.ud Fumagalli, Diz. Nomi Propriltal, p. 233. trewe.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 134-5.

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Sault- SACHEVERELL SADDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Saddington Chevreuil (Manche, Norm.) = the Roe- (Leic), 14th cent. Sadyngton, A.-Sax. buck - Forest [0;Fr. sault, 'a forest *Scedingatun = the Estate of the S.«;d- intersected by meadows and fields ; Lat. ' Family [O.E. -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. salt-US, a forest- or mountain-pasture + suff. -ing -\- ttin, estate, etc.] Fr. chevreuil, a roebuck, roedeer ; Lat. capreol-us'\ SADG ROVE (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the Dark Sacheverell was sometimes Latinized Grove [North. Dial. E. sad, a dull, dark [Lat. capella, a she-goat] de Saltu Capella colour (? O.E. seed) -f- E. grove, O.E. grdf] and the first element often thought to be Lat. salt-US, a leap. (Eng.) SADLER \ Saddler [M.E. sadeler — sadel, a saddle -|- the agent, suff. SACK (A.-Fr.) i Bel. to le Sacq (Eure, Norm.) SADTLER J er; O.E. sadol, a saddle] The surname Du Sacq (Dusacq) is not rare in France. SAFFRY^}''- Savery, Savary. 2 the French pers. name Sacig prob. represents the O.Ger. Sacco [f. the root SAFFORD, an assim. form of Salford, q.v. seen in O.Sax. sakan = O.E. sacan (ge)saca, an adversary) = Goth, sakan = SAGAR \ (Scand. and N.Eng.) Sawyer [sager O.H.Ger. sahhan, to dispute, strive, blame] SAGER 1 is a North, dial, word, f. sage (g hard),

a saw — O.N. sag, sog = O.E. saga : cp. SACKER (A.-Lat., etc.) Sack-Maker [O.E. Ger. sager, sawyer] sacc + the agent, suff. -ere r f. Lat. sacc-us, (Teut.) v. a bag ; Semit.] Segar, Segep'. Adam le Sakkere.—Riley, Mems. of Land. Cp. Sayer. — — — — — —

133 Sage Salman

SAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wise, Learned [Fr. sage,

L.Lat. sapjus, wise ; Lat. sapere, to be wise] Richard le Sage. Hund. Rolls. Se what Salamon [var. Salomon^ seith in Sapience bokes.— SAGGER I = Sagap or Sager, q.v. Piers' Plowman, iii. 330. (rarely) 2 a voiced form of Sacker, q.v. SALE (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Sale; or Dweller in or by a Hall [O.E. sml = SAGGERS, Sagger's (Son) "!„ O.N. sal-r. a hall] '• "^sgep.saseep SAGGERSON, Sagger's Son ] ne g6d hafoc |(the) good hawk not geond seel swihgetS|through (the) hall beateth. SAILER \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.)LEAPER,DANCER[A.-Fr. Bedwttlf, 4$J9-3o. SAILOR iai7(0oMr, a leaper, dancer; f. Fr. / John de la Sale. Fine-Rolls. saillir, Lat. salire, to leap, spring] Cp. Seal(e. There was many a tymbester [female SALES, genit., and pi., of Sale, q.v. timbrel-player], And saillouris that I dar wel swere SALFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Salford.; or Dweller Couthe her [knew their] craft ful parfitly. at I the WiLLdw-FoRD [O.E. s{e)alh rf Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 769-71. ford] (late) (Eng.) Sailor, Seaman [f. M.E. 2 the Salt Ford [O.E. s{e)alt + ford]

seil, O.E. a sail ; with the agent. segif)!, The Lane, place (Domesday, Salford; suff. -w] later also Sauford) and the Bedfd. village SAILES, V. Sales. belong to i ; the Warw. Salford Priors and the Oxfd. parish (both 8th-cent. SAINSBURY \(Eng.) Bel. to Saint(s)bury app. owe their name to salt- SAINTSBURYJ (Glouc.) [This is stated to Saltford) springs. be the Domesday Suineberie, which ought

' to yield a mod. Swinberry,' i.e. Swine- SALISBURY (Eng.) Bel. to i Salisbury (Wilts) Hill (the Yorks Swine e.g. was Suine in = Searo's Stronghold [A.-Sax. Chron.,

; but the tradition in Domesday-Book) Searoburh, Seresburh, etc. : the pers. name Glouc. is that the place was ' Swein's is f. O.E. searo, armour, arms ; device ; skill Camp,' and there are ancient iiitrench- + burh, a stronghold] ments which the inhabitants call ' Castle " Ego Adelsinus Sarisberiensis ecclesise Bank.' A transition from 'Sweinsburg' to episcopus." ' Sainsbury ' is, however, difficult to credit. Cart. Sax. no. 1228 (A.D- 969)- The -t- in one form of the name is doubt- 2 Salesbury (Lanes) the early forms of less the common post-« dental intrusion ; [Of but it occurs early] this place-name from 1235 to 1503 collected by Wyld and Hirst (' Lane. Place-Names,' " Regin. de Seintshurieliv^A 31 H. IL" p. 225) only one (A.p. 131 1 Salesbury) has Fosbrooke, /fwt. G/OMC, ii- 328. the medial genitive -s-, other forms being Salebury', Salebiri, and (1503) Sailebury. ST. AUBIN V(Fr.-Lat. ) Bel. to St. Aubin It is therefore not all certain that we have ST. AUBYN J (France). Aubin for Albin = here to do with a pers. name (in the genit.) White, Pale [Lat. Albin-us—alb-us, white] as the -s- may be merely euphonid. If the There are numerous villages in France first element is not pers. it is prob. O.E.

called St. Aubin. ' stel, a hall ; if it is pers. it may be for O.E. salo (= O.N. sol-r), dark, or O.E. stkl.

ST. CLAIR (Fr.-Lat) Bel. to St. Clair (France). : happiness (cp. O.N. sail, happy) f- Clair = Illustrious [Lat. bright, clar-us, O.E. burh, a stronghold] illustrious] SALKELD \ (Scand.) Bel. to Salkeld (Cumb.) There are villages called St. Clair m the SALKILD / 13th cent. Salkeld = the WiLLOW- Manche, Eure, and Seine-Inf6rieure Depts. Tree Spring [O.N. sella = O.E. s{e)alh, a willow SAISE, V. Sayce. -I- O.N. kelda, a spring] There is a mineral spring on the com- SAKER (A.-Fr.) a nickname from the Pere- mon having chalybeate properties. i GRiNE Hawk [Fr. sacre. Span, of sacre; Nat. Gaz., 1868. Oriental orig.] (Heb.) From the bird a piece of artillery was SALMON 1 for Salomon, Solomon, named SALMAN J q.v. The cannon, blunderbuss, and saker, (occ.) (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Salaman, "" He was th' inventor of, and maker.— [app. f. O.H.Ger. salo - O.E. salo, dark, Butler, Hudibras, I. ii. 355-6. tawny] — — — —

134 Salmond Sample

(occ.) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname or trade- SALTMARSH (fing.) Bel. to Saltmarsh ; or name from the fish [O.Fr. saulmon (Fr. Dweller at the Salt (-Watej) Marsh saumon), Lat. salmo, -onis, a salmon] [O.E. s(e)att + mersc] Yorks place was Saltmerssh in the (occ.) (Fr.-Lat. or Teut.) Bel. to St. The 14th cent, and Saltemersc in Domesday- Almand or St. Amand (France). Book. The name Salmon was often Latinized Bel. to Salton i the Hall- in mediaeval documents de Sancto Ale- SALTON (Eng.) = = sal-r, a hall mondo, impl3ning a French ecclesiastical Enclosure [O.E. seel O.N. place-name St. Almond (cp. Almond), -I- tAn'\ which app. has been merged in St. Amand, 2 the Willow-Enclosure [O.E. s(e)alh, a common Fr.-Lat. place-name which was a willow + tuti\ Latinized de Sancto Amando. The Yorks Salton was Saletun in SALMOND for Salmon, q.v. Domesday-Book. The Haddington Salton was Sawtlton in the 13th cent.

Salmon's (Son) : v. SALMONS, Salmon. There has been some confusion with Saltern, q.v. SALOMON 1 -_1 Solomon,e„i„„„„ q.v.„ V SALOMAN j SALTONSTALL (Eng.) Bel. to Salternstall — (Kent), A.D. 863 SealteiHsteall = the Salt- . . . and }>es ys mftra )jonne Salomon. works Place (v. under Saltern, and -|- Matth. Xn. 43 (A.-Sax. vers.). O.E. st(e)all, a place, a stall]

. . 1 s6nu [behold] hier m6ra thanne = Salisbury, q.v. Salomon.— do. do. (O.H.Ger. vers.) SALUSBURY etymologically correct Salomdn the kuning [king]. SALVAGE \ more SALVI DG E forms than the much commoner Heliand (O.Sax.), 1. 1677. J Savage, q.v. Lif and deaj?, Bej(> Salomonj is in tunge honden As shepheardes curre,that in darke even- inges (Mors et vita in manibus lingue). shade Ancren Riwle {'Speche'). Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade.—Spenser, Faerie Queene, II. vi. 39. . . . he that holdeth hym in verray (Eng.) Bel. to penitence is blessed, after the sentence of SAMBORNE \ Sambourne (Warwick), the Domesday Salomon.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, I 128. SAMBOURNEJ Sandbume; or Dweller at the Sandy Salomon Judaeus.—faf. Rolls. Brook [O.E. sand, sand -f hume] Richard Saloman. Hund. Rolls. SAM BROOK (Eng.) Bel. to Sambrook; or Cp. Salamon. Dweller at the Sandy Brook [O.E. sand- brdc] SALOMONS, Salomon's (Son) \ v. SAMMELS ± Samuels, q.v. Salomon's Son SALOMONSON, j Salomon. SAMMON\_ j^- Salmon.e„i„„„ SALSBURY SAMON SALSBURRY = Salisbury, q.v. SAMMONDS] SALSBERY SAMMONS ^v. Salmons. SAMONS j SALT (Eng.) Bel. to Salt (Staffs) [O.E. s{e)alt, salt] SAMPER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Pierre (St. Peter), France [v. under Pier] The Halen [Wei. halen, salt] referred to in the will, a.d. 1004, of Wulfric, Earl of St. Pierre is an exceedingly common French place-name. Mercia, is supposed to be Salt. , SAMPFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Sampford (Devon, SALTER (Eng.) Salt Worker or Dealer Soms., Essex, etc.) = the Sandy Ford [M.E. salter(e, O.E. s{e)altere — s{e)alt, salt ' [O.E. sand, sand -f- ford] -f the agent, suff. -ere'\ One of the Devonshire Sampfords was Sealtere, hwaet us fremaScraeft {"in ? Sand ford (' aet Sand forda ') in the 10th (Salter, of what benefit is thy craft to cent. us?). jElfrici Colloq., late loth cent. SAMPLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Paul

(France) . SALTERN (Eng.) Bel. to Saltern ; or Dweller ^ [v. Paul] at a Salt-Work [O.E. s{e)alt-em] John de St. Paul.—i>aW. Rdls. SALTHOUSE (Ehg.) Dweller at a Salt- Si. Paul is a common French place- House (place where salt was made) [M.E. name. salthus, O.E. s(e)alt-htis'] Cp. Sinclair. ——

135 Samples Sandle

SAMPLES, Sample's (Son) : v. Sample. SANDELL, V. under Sandall.

SAN DEMAN i (Scand.) True Man [O.N. Splendid Sun [Heb. Shimshdii] SAMSOn'^ } sann-r for san'S-r, wrhence Swed. sann, Dan.-Norw. sand (= E. sooth), true -f- Samsones strenc)>e, }>et slouh a {>usund O.N. mann-r} of his fon [foes] al et one time. 'sand-hawker.' Ancren Riwle (' Luve '). Note the Ger. 5iZ«rfOTfl»«, We find both forms of the name in 2 for Sanderman, q.v. mediaeval German literature, e.g. Sampson SANDER I a popular form of Alexander, q.v. in Hugo von Montfort's i4th-cent. ' Tage- lied,' and Samson in the lath-cent. ' Alex- Sander seems to have been used from a

anderlied ' of the Pfaffen Lamprecht. comparatively early period by the Teu- tons (esp. the Low Germans, incl. the 2 Sam's Son : v. Samuel. Frisians) as a convenient abbreviation of

SAMS, Sam's (Son) : v. Samuel. the Macedonian conqueror's name. " Aleksander, forkortet [shortened] SAMUEL \ (Heb.) Heard of God, or Asked Sander." — Stoylen, Norske Dobenavne SAMUELL/ofGod [Heb. Sh'miUl, a der. of {Norweg. Christ. Names], p. 5. shdma, to hear + El, God] 2 the O.Teut. Sandheri [the first element SAM U ELLS "lc,„„„r.c/Q„„\Samuels (Son) 1 V. may be either O.Teut. sand, messenger, or SAMUELS ] [, Samuel. sand (O.H.Ger. *sand = Dan.-Norw. sand SAMUELSON, Samuel's Son t = O.N. sann-r for san'S-r), sooth, true -f- (O.H.Ger. and O.Sax.), army, host] SAMWELL for Samuel, q.v. heri = (q.v.) the pet SANBORN etymologically more correct SANDERCOCK Sander + I suff. -cock SAN BURN J forms than Sambopne, q.v. (North.) Sander's Man (-Ser- SANCTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sancton (Yorks), SANDERMAN vant) : V. 13th cent. Sancton, Domesday Santon, Sander. Santun, Santune [O.E. twK.enclosure, village: (Eng.) Ambassador [O.E, .tander-mann] the first elemept of Sa«cto« seems to refer the dedication of the church to 'All SANDERS, Sander's (Son) to \ *• Sander. Saints' — O.E. sand (Lat. sanct-us), SANDERSON, Sander's Son J saint : the Domesday forms can hardly Cp. Saunders, Saunderson. be for ' sand,' as the soil is loamy] SANDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Sandford; or SANDALL\(Eng. or Scand.)' Bel. to Sandal Dweller at the Sandy Ford [O.E. sand, (Yorks», Cumb., etc.) i the SANDELL J = sand +fori\ Sandy Valley [O.E. O.N. sand, sand + ' On sandford.'— Q.E. dcBl= O.N. dal-r, a valley] Cart. Sax. no. 967 (Oxfd. Charter), A.D. 956. (occ.) 2 the Sandy Slope [O.E. O.N. SANDHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Land sand+ O.E. h(e)al(d = O.N. hall-r, a slope] [O.E. sand, sand + hamm, a piece of latid, The Yorkshire Sandals odcur in Domes- encldSurfe] day Book as Sandala and Sandale. SAN DHOE (Eng.) Bel. to Sandhoe ; or Dweller There is also a Sand Dale in Yorkshire. at the Sand-Bluff [O.E. sand + h6\ SAN DAY (Scand.) Bel. to Sanday (Scotl.) = SAN DIE (Scot.-Gr.) a double dim.ofAlexander, the Sandy Island [O.N. sand-r, sand + q.v. [N.E. and Scot. dim. suff. -ie] ey, island] (Eng. and Scand.) v. Sandy. (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Sandy Island or Waterside [O.E. O.N. SANDBACH (Eng.) Bel. to Sandbach ] sand, sand O.E. ig = O.N. ey, island, (Chesh.) = the Sandy Brook -f- SAN BACH \ etc.] SANDBADGEJ [O.E. sa«rf, sand-f-6«c, brook] SANDIFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy Sir Richard de Sandbache. Ford [O.E. sandig + ford\ Chesh. Chnibrlns.' Accls., A.D. 1303-4. SANDILANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Sandy DBORN \ etymologically more correct SAN -\- Lands [O.E. sandig land ; with mod. pi. forms than Sambo(u)rne, q.v. SANDBURNJ s] ante.

SANDISON, Sandie's Son : v. Sandle'. SANDBROOK, an etymologically more correct form than Sambrook, q.v. ante. SANDLE = Sandell, q.v. : —

136 Sandom 5arvent

SANDOM for Sandham, q.v. SANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Santon (Norf., Suff., Linc.,Cumb.,etc.) = the Sandy Enclosure SAN DON (Eng.) Dweller at the Sand-Hill [O.E. ^and, sand + tAn, enclosure, etc.] [O.E. sand + diin\ Both the Norf. and Line, places were SAN DOW = Sand hoe, q.v. Santon in the 13th cent. The Sandtdrt of a Kentish charter a.d. 833 js said by Birch This name is, of course, quite distinct (' Cart. Sax.' no. 411) to lie " now Samp- from the imported Slavonic Sandow (w ton in West Hythe." At Santon, Cumb., as v). " drifting sands have covered most of the SANDRINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sandringham adjoining lands." (Norf.), form. Sanderingham, O.Angl. SANTONY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to St. Antony *Sanderinga-hdm = the HoME OF the [v. Ant(h)ony] Sander Family [v. under Sander, and French form of + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + Antony is a Southern Mm, home, estate] Antoine.

SANDS (Eng.) Dweller at the Sands [O.E. SANXTER for Sangster, q.v. saM, sand] SAPSED (Eng.) Dweller at the Spruce-Fir SANDY (A.-Gr.) a double dim. of Alexander, HEAD(land [f. (with late -5 genit.) O.E. q.v. [E. dim. suff. -y\ sappe, a spruce-fir -|- hedfod, a head, high ground]

(Eng.) Bel. to ' Sandy (Beds), 13th cent. Sandye, Sandeye, Domesday 'in Sandeia' = SAPSFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Ford of the Sandy Riparian Land [O.E. sand, THE Spruck-Fir(s [v. Under Saplsed, and sand island, waterside] + (g, -I- O.E./flr

SANDYFIRTH (Scand.) Dweller at the Sandy SAPWELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Spruce-Fir Bay [O.N. sandig, sandy + fior^-r, a firth, Well or Spring [O.E. sceppe + welle'] bay] SARD (Fr.) Sardinian [Fr. Sarde; f. Sardi, Sandy's (Son): v. Sandy'. SANDYS, the name of the early inhabitants of SANFORD for Sandfopd, q.v. Sardinia, the Gr. SardB (SopSii]

SANGER (Eng.) Singer, Minstrel [O.E. SARE, V. Sayer (esp. Celt.). sangere] SARGANT SANGSTER, the fem. form of Sanger [O.E. SARGEANT \v. Sergeant. sangestre] SARGENT J

SAN KEY (Erig.) Bel. to Sankey (Lanes), 12th SARGINSON, Sargent's Son: v. Sargent, cent. Sonchi, I3th-I4th cent. Sonky, Sanki Sergeant. ' [doubtful : perh. the Sunk(en Island or SARG 00 D (Teut.) the O.Teut. Saragaud, etc. = Waterside,' f. M.E. sonk(en, sunk — O.E. Armoured Goth [O.H.Ger. saro = Goth. sincan (pret. sing, sane, pp. suncen), tosink sarwa = O.N.sdrui= O.E. 5(ff)aro, armour, + M.E. ey, O.E. ig, island, etc. : cp. the etc. Gaud, Goth] Yorkshire local ' Isle + Gaut, name Sunk ']

SANSBURY, V. Sainsbury. SARJANT "1 SARJEANTr-S«''S«*"t- SANSOM 1

" , SANSON I for Samson, q.v. SARL sansumJ SARLEJv. Serle. SARLL. SANT (A.-Fr.-Lat. and Celt.-Lat.) Saint (a SARSON 1 I Sare's or Saver's Son: v. nickname) [O.Fr. sant ; Lat.sanct-us, holy also Bret, and Wei. sant\ SARSEN / Sayer. 2 Sarah's Son [Heb. Sdrdh, princess] SANTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Santerfe, Saracen [Fr. Sansterre = Lackland [Fr. sans, Lat. sine, 3 Sarrasin, Lat. Saracenus, Gr. SofiaKi)i/(5s, Arab, sharqln, pi. of without + Fr. terre, Lat. terra, land] sharqiy. Eastern] Dweller SANTLEY (Eng.) at the Sandy Lea Amonges Sarzens and Jewes [O.E. sand, sand ledh, a lea] + They mowen [may] be saved so. Piers Plowman, 6312-13. (A.-Fr.-Lat) Bel. to St. Leu, i.e. St. Loup gi'rance) [Fr. saint Lat. ; sanctus, holy + SARVANTHA.-Fr.-Lat.) Servant [Fr. ser- ial. Fr, Fr. leu = loup, Lat. lup-us, a wolf) SARVENT J vattt;i.serwr,La.t.seniire,to serve] — ; —

137 Sass Sawman

SASS 1 (Fr.-LaU Dweller at a WILLOW- SAUNDERS, Saunder's (Son). SASSE Tree [O.Fr. sas for sals, etc., Lat. J Son. salix] SAUNDERSON, Saunder's (Teut.) Dweller at a Lock or Sluice SAVAGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wild, Fierce [O.Fr. [Dut. sas] salvage (Fr. sauvage), Lat. silvaticus, be- longing to a forest, wild — silva, a forest] SATCHELL, the French Sachel: i a palatal form of 5ac [v. Sack"] with the Fr. dim. See Salvage. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us. SAVARY \ (Fr.-Teut. ) the French Savary, (occ^ 2 a form, dim. sufi. Mind- North, with SAVERY J O.Teut. Sabari<:(h, etc. = -el, of Fr. sage = Wise [Lat. sapj-us {sapi- Powerful [O.H.Ger. sdba- = O.Sax. tts), f. sapere, to be wise] sebo {sevo) = O.E. sefu = O.N. sefi, mind, heart -{- O.H.Ger rlc(h, rihhi = O.Sax. Bel. to Satterleigh SATTERLEE UEng.) riki = O.E. rice = O.N. rlk-r, mighty, SATTERLEIGH (Devon) = SiETER's Lea powerful] SATTERLEY [O.E. ledh, a lea : the pers. Richard Saveri. Hund. Rolls. SATTERLY na.meSieter is i that seen in SATURLEY j 'Saturday,' A.-Sa.x. Sceter- This name was Latinized both as

dceg (Lat, Satumi dies) ; 2 the O.E. sdetere, Savaricus and Savericus, the former, e.g., a waylayer, spy] being the Latinization (a.d. 1206) of the name of a French chevalier Pierre Savary. SATTERTHWAIT "I (Scand.) Bel. to Satter- SATTERTHWAITE J thwaite (N. Lanes), i6th SAVIDGE for Savage, q.v. cent. Saterthwaite, Satterthwkat = the Hill- or Pasture Clearing [O.N. satr (pi,), hill- SAVILE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Saville "I

• Sauville (France) = the Willow pastures, dairy-land -f Tfueit, a clearing] SAVILL SAVILLE ) Farm, Estate, or Village [Dial. SAUCE'R (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sauce - Maker [Fr. Fr. sd (Walloon), sau (Picard.),sa/s (Norm.), saucier; f. sauce, Lat. salsa, a thing salted Lat. salix, a willow + Fr. ville, Lat. villa] Lat. sals-, salted] SAVORY for Savary, q.v. Robert le Sauser. Hund. Rolls. SAW (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French Z)eZ Saux = Of the Willow [O.Fr. saux, Lat. salix, SAUL \ (Heb.) Asked For [Heb. ShdAl, pp. a willow] SAU LL J of the root shdal, to ask] (Eng.) Bel. to Saul (Glouc), app. an (Teut.) a late contr. of Saward, q.v. irreg. form of Sale, q.v. SAWARD (Eng.) Sea-Guard (Coast-Guard)

(Fr.-Teut.) Dweller at a Willow-Tree [A.-Sax. ^w(e)ard — s(b, sea -t- w(e)ard, .[Fr. saule, O.H.Ger. salaha (= O.E. s{e)alh), guard] a willow] Sdsward was the name of one of the (rarely) (Celt.) Dweller at a Barn [Gael, three pagan sons (the others were Seaxrfid (and Ir.) sabhal{l (ph as «] and Sigeberht) of Scfeberht, king of Essex ''The name Saul, in the Barony of (d. A.D. 616). is a con- Lecale Lower, County Down, The Domesday form was Sauardus ; the tracted form of sabhall, ' a barn.' It takes Hundred-Rolls (Norf.) fojm Saward. its name from the barn presented to St. Cp. Seward. Patrick by Dicho, the chief of thi, district, for the purposes of his missiorc in the SAWKIN = Saw (Teut.) q.v., •{ the E. dim. north of Ireland after his expulsion from suff. -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in] Wicklow."-^

; Reeves, Eccl. Antiq. Matheson, Rev. Gen. ISKIs}^—'^(Son). , Topog.JndexIrel.igoi (igog), p. 30. SAWLE, V.Saul. SAULSBURYI _ eaii«,K..-w nr, SAULSBERY)=®*''®''"*'y''i-'- SAWLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sawley (Yorks' : the Domesday Sallaia, Sallai; Derby, etc.) SAU N BY (Scand.) Bel. to Saundby (Notts) I the Willow-Lea [O.E. s(e)alh, a willow i2th cent. Sandebi = (app.) the Sandy + ledh, a lea] Farm or Estate [O.N, sand-r, sand + b^-rj 2 the Hall-Lea [O.E. stel, a hall -(- ledh] SAUNDER for Sander (Alexander), q.v. for Salmon, q.v. We find Saunder and Saundre, as well as SAWMAN Salman, Sander and Sandre, in the 13th -cent. The Hundred-Rolls forms were Sau- Hundred-Rolls; ' mau and Saumon. :: — ; ,

138 Sawrey Saylor

SAWREY (Scand.) Bel. to Sawrey (N. Lanes). SAY (Fr.) I Bel. to Sai (Orne, Norm.). [There are no sufficiently early forms ex- Hugh de Say.—Hund. Rolls.

- tant to enable the etymology of the name 2 Wise, to be fixed definitely, but the existence of Prudent [B6arn dial, saye ; two Wray place-names on the same Lai.sag-us, prophetic, sopthsayi ng,whence west side of Lake Windermere makes it Lat. saga, a fortune-teller] extremely probable that we have here, William le Saye.—Hund. Rolls.

also, the O.N. urd, a nook, corner ; and the 3 a nickname from the O.Fr. (and first element (if the i6th-cent. form Sow- South.Fr,) saye (Fr. sale), a Tunic, (Mili- raie can be taken as a guide) may be the tary), Cloak [Lat. *saga, sag-urn, a coarse Scand. so, a sow — hardly for, O.N. selia woollen mantle ; also the plaid of the = O.Angl. salh, a willow] Celts, a mihtary cloak ; Gaul. *sdg- (cp. SAX ) (Teut.) the A.-Sax. Seaxa, Saxa =, Wei. seg-an, a cloak, and Bret, seig, 'petite SAXE { O.N. Saxi, from (a) the ethnic name robe '] (= Saxon) [O.E. S{e)axe = O.N. Saxar, (Eng.) Dweller by, the Sea [M.E. sey, Saxons], (p) the word (= Sword) which see, O.E. sik, sea (== Ger. see (pron. say\ is considered to be the orig. of the ethnic " name [O.E. s{e)ax = O.Ftis. O.N. sax = The family of Say are found entered O.H.Ger. saHs, a short sword, knife] as Attsee and de la See in the Yorkshire Visitation, i563-"—Bardsley, p. 669. S(e)axa was sometimes merely a pet form of a pers. name of which S(e)ax- was SAYCE 1 (A.-Celt.-Teut.) Saxon, Englishman

the first element, as SffflArftaW. Saxa anA SAYSE J [Wel. sais : cp. Gael. Sas-unn-ach = Saxo occur in Domesday-Book. Ir. Sas-ann-ach, Englishman, SaXon: v. under Occasionally this name may be a Sax] I modern Anglicization of the corresp. Ger- » An early-i4th-cent. Bishop of Bangor man Sacks{e; and also represent the was surnamed Seys] a Kenrick Seys is borrowed Irish Sacs, Enghshman, Saxon. mentioned in the Cheshire Chamberlain's Accdunts for 1303-4; and an ap Evan SAXBY (Scand.) Bel. to Saxby (Leic, Line.' Sais occurs in ai7th-cent. Glouc.Visitation. [for the first element see under Sax ; and -1- O.N. 6ji-r, farm, estate, settlement] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Willow- Tree [Dial. Fr. sdce, O.Fr. sas, sals, etc. Saxbee was a lyth-cent. form of the Lat. salix, a willow] name which prob. survives in America. SAYER (Celt.) Carpenter, Wright [Wel. Bel. to SAXELBY \ (Scand.) Saxelby (Line. saer= Corn. saer,sair= Ir. and Gael, saor} SAXELBYE; 13th cent. Saxelby; Leic.) = . . . marchauc a elwit Saer Saxel's Estate [the pers. name is that . (. . a cavalier-^knight—-called seen under Sax, with the addit. of the Saer).— Bruty Tywysogion, A.E). iioo. dim. suff. -(e)/ (cp. Saxlingham) : h O.N. bi-r, estate, etc.] Saer Bude.—/?««

SAXON I a syncopated form of Saxton, q.v. Thyn assayar schalle be an hownde, To assaye thy mele before the. 2 Sax's Son : v. Sax. MS. Cantab. ; Halliwell, p. 96. 3 the name may sporadically represent The process of "taking say" or the ethnic term Saxon, but poss. more "assay" of a dead deer consisted in " drawing likely as a transl. ot the Germ. Sachs(e a knife along the belly . . . beginning at [Lai . Saxones, Saxons ; O.E. S(e)axan, pi. the brisket."~T. Wright, p. 1 1 1. V. under Sax] (Teut.) a palatal form of Sagen, (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sagar SAXTON Sacristan, Sexton q.v. [A.-Fr. sacristan (Fr. sacristain), L.Lat. Sayer Herberd.—/?««

BAYERS, Sayer's (Son) : v. Hugh Sacristan.—/r««i. Rolls. Sayer. . (Eng.) Bel. to Saxton (Yorks), Domes- SAYLE = Sale, q.v. day Saxtutt [*. under 4- Sax, and O.E. SAYLER1 ., „ ., ~ S^'l^ri Sailor, q.v. tUn, farm, estate] SAYLOR J — —

139 Sayles Scathlock

SAYLES = Sales, q.v. SCARBORO 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Scar- SCARBOROUGH borough (Yorks), 13th and SAYNOR = for q.v. Seanor- Senior, SCARBROW J 14th cent. Scard{e)burgh = the Castle at the Gap [0-N. skar^, a gap, SAYSE, V. Sayoe. cleft (applied as a nickname to one with

SAYWARD, V. Saward. a hare-lip) -t- borg, a stronghold] SCADLOCK, V. Scathlock. SCARF SCARFE (Scand.) i a nickname from the SCAFE ( Scand. Wild ; Awkward ) ; I SCARFF Cormorant [O.N. skarf-r'] SCAIFE I Crooked, [Dial. Wry N.E, scafe, SCARFFE SCAIFF J etc. ; Dan.-Norw. skiav, crooked, for q.vi. wry ; O.N. skeif-r] (occ.) 2 Soarth,

' Scarf Gap,' Cumb., is prob. for ' Scarth SCAILES\fScand.) Bel. to Scales (Lane.; Gap,' and therefore tautological. SCALES I Cumb., Westmd., etc.) ; or Dweller at the Huts or Sheds [O.N. skdli, a hut, SCARGILLl (Scand.) Bel. to Scargill (N. shed] SCARGLE J Yorks), 14th cent. Scargill = the The Lane. Scales occurs about 1200 as Scar-Ravine [see under Soar, and H- Scalis. O.N. gil, a ravine]

SCAMBLER (A.-Lat.) Shamble or Meat- SCARISBRICK \ (Scand.) Bel. to Scarisbrick Stall Keeper [f. M.E. scifi)amel, etc., O.E. SCARASBRICK (Lanes), 13th cent. Scares- scamol, a bench, stool + the agent. sufT. SCARRISBRICK brec{k, Scarisbrec, Skaresbrek [the consistent occurrence -ere ; Lat. scamell-um : cp. Lat. scamn-um, SCARSBRiCK a bench, stool] SCARSBROOK jofthe genit. smakes it toler- ably certain that the first element is a pers. SCAM ELL 1 (A.-Lat.) Of the Shamble [see name, prob. the well-known O.Scand. j under the preceding name; SCAM M ELL Skar^ii = hare-lip (from O.N. sfejrtS, a gap, and cp. Dan.-Norw. skammel, a stool] cleft) :— 4- brekka, a slope] In the Esse* Hundred-Rolls we find de (A.-Fr.-Pers.) Of la Scamele and de la Schamele. SCARLETT Scarlet Com- plexion or Dress [M.E.' scarlet(t,, O.Fr. (Scand.) the O.Dan, pers. name S6a»«»««/ escarlate (Fr. dcarlate) ; Pers. sflqaldt, etc., and Skamil, considered by Bugge and scarlet cloth] Rygh to be short for Skamkell (' Nials -j- Robin Hood'scompanion,Will Scarlet(t, Saga ') [O.N. skamm-^, short -Ml for ' seems to have been so nicknamed from the ketill, (sacrificial) kettle] colour of his attire SCAMP (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Fugitive [i. O.Fr. And Scarlett he was flyinge a-foote

esc(h)amper, to decamp ; 'Lz.t.ex, from, and Fast over stocke and stone. camp-US, a field] Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, S7-8. I

SCAMPSTON (Scand.) Bel. to Scampston(E. SCARTH (Scand.) i Bel. to Scarth ; or Dweller Yorks), the Domesday Scameston = at the Gap or Cleft [O.N. skat^

Skamm's Enclosure or Homestead [the ' A Scard Hundret ' occurs in the Yorks genit. of short O.N. siatnm-r, -f- tiln\ Domesday-Book, prob. the Scharth of the

Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. ; and there is a SCAMPTON (Scand.) Bel. to Scampton (Lines) 1379 Scarth-Hill in Lanes. [the etym. is doubtless the same as in the preceding name] 2 Hare-Lip [same etymology]

SCAN LAN \ (Ir.) the Irish Scannldn (O'Scann- SCATCHARD \ a difficult name, but not un- SCMiLOH yldin) = Scannal (v. Soannell) -f SCATCHERD J likely a palatalized form ofthe O.N. ' wry,' ' skewr , the dim. suff., -ii«. skakk-r, (Skakk is a

modem Norw. christian name) -f- the Fr. SCAN NELL (Ir.) the Irish Scamal(l (O'Scann- dim. or intens. suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard, ail), O.Ir. Scandal (a.d. 775, 881, etc.) [app. 'hard,' 'brave.' Hardly f., the mod. Fr. (like Gael, sgannal, Scandal) a borrowing fscachsi a scatch or bridle-bit ; but not from Lat. scandal-um, Gr. aKivSaX-av, a irnpossibly from O.N.Fr. escache (of L.Ger. snare, stumbling-block] orig.), O.Fr. eschace, whence Fr. ichasse, a stilt, and SCAR 1(Scand.) Dweller by a Rock or Cliff a nickname for any long-legged bird, such as the SCARR; [M.E. and Scot. scar{re; O.N. slxr heron. (Dan,-Norw. slijter), a rock] SCATHLOCK (Scand.), found in the Notts Beneath a scar.— Hundred-Rolls as Scatheloc, may be a Burns, ' A Winter Night,' 18. compound olSka'Si [cp. O.N. sAaSi, scathe, — — —; 1 -—————

140 Scattergood Scolding

harm] (the Norse goddess who fixed the William del Scoles. snake over Loki) and O.N. lokk-r, a lock of Lane. Fines, A.D. 1342. the real sur- hair. It seems to have been Ricardus del Scoles. name of Will Scarlet (v. under Scarlett) Yarks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Johne, and Moche, andWyWe Scathlok— Robyn Hode and the Munke, 253. Johannes del Scholes. Yorks Poll-Tax, A-.'D. 1379. SCATTERGOOD ( Eng. ) a nickname for See the note under Schol(e)field. I a Philanthropist.

SCHOLEY 1 (Scand. -I-Eng.) Bel. to Sc(h)oley 2 a Spendthrift [M.E. sc(h)ateren, O.E. SCHOOLEY;(Yorks), leth csnl. SchoUy, 14th scaterian, to scatter ; M.E. go{p)d, O.E.' gdd, good] cent. Sco/fly= the Hut- or Shed-Lea [M.E. sc{h)ole, a form of O.N. skdli. a hut, shed Wimcote Schatregod. Hund. Rolls. -1- M.E. ley, lay, O.E. ledK]

. . . which intimites a man to act the (Celt.) the O.Irish pers. name Scalaighe consumption of his own fortunes, to be a or Scolaigi: v. Scully. scatter-good.—Sanders, Physiognomie, 1653; Nares, ed. 1888. SCHOOLCRAFT. Dweller at i the HuTr or Shed-Croft [M.E. sc(h)ale, a form of O.N.

SCAWBY (Scand.) Bel. to Scawby (Lines) ; or skdli, a hut, shed -|- M.E. craft, a North. Dweller at the Place of the Huts or form of O.E. craft, a small field] a hut, shed Sheds [O.N. sidli, + 6^-r] Richard de Schalecroft. * Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246. SCAWSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Scawsby or Scausby (Yorks), 14th cent. Scaushy, 2 the School-Croft [M.E. scale, O.E. Scausceby, Domesday Scalehebi =,Skalk's scal(uand.O.¥i. escole, Lat. sehala, a school] or the Servant's Farmstead [O.N. SCISSONS, V, Sissons. skdlk-r (genit. skdlks), servant + 6^-r] SCLATER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Slater [M.E. SCAWTON (Scand.) Bel. to Scawton (Yorks) sclatterie, sclater(e; f. (with agent, suff, -er(e) the Domesday Scaltun = the Place of the M.E. sclat{e, a slate, O.Fr. eselat (Ft. Huts or Sheds [O.N. skdli, a hut, shed Mat), a splinter; cp. O.Sax. sUtan = + tun\ O.H.Ger. sUzan (mod. schleissen) = O.E. slitan, to spHt, slit, tear] SCHOALES, V. Scholes. Adam le Sclattere. SCHOFIELD (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Scho- Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. field, prop. Sc(h)olefield Lanes : v. ( ) John le Sclatter.— Schol(e)field. Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1312-13. Eng.) Bel. SCHOLEFIELD\ (Scand. + to . . . smythis, wrichtis.masonis.cuparis,

SCHOLFIELD J Scholefield or Scolefield sclateris.— (Lanes), 14th cent. Scholefeld, Scolefeld Burgh Reeds, of Aberdeen, A.D. 1531. — the Hut- or Shed-Field [M.E. sc(}t)ole, SCOBELL a form of O.N. skdli, a hut, shed -|- M.E. *PP-^°'^™sofScovelI,Soovill,q.v. SCOBLE I O.E. /rid] SCOBIE (Scand.) i Dweller at the Wood- It is tempting to see the M.E. scale, Farm [O.N. skdg-r, a wood -f b^-r, farm, ' a school,' in this name ; but analogy is estate] against the assumption. The various 2 a form of Scawby, q.v. Northern places called 'Scholes' corres-

' pond with the various Northern Scales ' ' '• Sohofleld, the Manx Se(h)olaby,' e.g., was formerly IcOFIELD^ } Schol(e)fleld. ' Scaleby ; and the M.E. scale, a bowl,' is the O.N. skdl. SCOGAN 1 (? Celt.) app. f. Gael, sgag (pron. SCOGGIN \skog), 'idler,' 'fool,' with the dim. 8CH0LER ] (A.-Lat. and A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) 8C0GIN J suff. -dn, -in; corresponding to

SCHOLLAR Scholar [O.E. scalere, Lat. Wei ysgogyn, ' fop,' ' flatterer.'

SCHOULARD J jcAo/ans; also O.Ft. escol(i)er SCOGGINS, Scoggin's (Son) : v. (mod. Scalier), f. 0,Fr. escole, Lat. sc(h)ola, Sooggln. Gr. (txoXt}, a school] SCOLDING (Scand.) Dane, Scandinavian; Scalding [from the Danish royal family SCHOLES (Scand.) Bel. to Scholes (Yorks the Skioldungar (cp. 'Skidldunga Saga') = Lanes) ; a form of Scales, q.v. Descendants of Skiold : O.N. skiSld-r, Adam de Scoles. skiald- (Dan.-NorwisWoW, Swed. sfe/i)i a Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285. shield] — — —— —;

141 Scoles Scott

SCOLES, V. Scholes, Scales. Scotney Castle, SiisSex, is said to have been built by and named from Walter de SCONE \ (Celt.) Bel. to Scone (Perth), 12th Scoteni. Several persons named de SCOONE /.cent. Scoone, nth cent. Scoiwe (and Scoteni, de Scbteney, or de Scotenye are Sgoinde) [etymology uncertain ; but as the mentioned in the Lincolnshire Hundred- place is in the Pictish country, we must Rolls ; and the spot prob. existed in that

(as in the case ' of Perth ') look to Cymric county or bordering ones. rather than Gaelic for the origin of the

name : perh. the Pict. cognate of Wei. cwn, SCOTSON, (the) Scot's Son : v. under Scott. a top, summit (prob, allied to, if not borrowed from, Lat, con-us, Gr. kQv-os, a SCOTT (A.-Celt.) orig. Irishman; later cone, peak, apex), with the intens. prefix Scotchman [O.E. Scottas (pi.), Irish ys, as in Wei. ysgil, a nook (from cil), later Scotch ; Lat. Scott (first appearing in ystref, a dweUing (from tref), ystred, a the 4th cent, in Amm. Marcellinus,'who village (from tred] fought in Gaul). The etymology has, of

course, been much discussed ; but it is al- SCOONIE (Celt.) Bel. to Scoonie (Fife), 13th most certain that Isidore of Seville was cent. Sconyn, 12th cent. Sconin [doubtless right in saying (6th cent.) that the Scotti the same origin as Soo(o)neXq.v.), with were so named from their habit of what the di^i. suff. -yn, -in, Anglicized to -fe] we now call tattooing the body, in which case the connexion is evidently with SCORER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Scourer, Scout, Spy E.Irish scoth-aim (mod. Ir. sgath-aim), I [M.E. scorer ; f. CKFr. escorre, escourre, to cut, lop, Gael, sgath, to cut, lop, and Wei. run out — Lat. excurrere] ysgwthr, a cutting or carving, a lop ; cog-

nate with Gr. skhdzo {

SCORRAR, V. Scopep. Scotti propria lingua nomen habent a picto corpore, eo quod aculeis ferreis '

SCOTFORD "1 (Eng.) Bei; to Scotforth or cum atramento variarum figurarum stig- ' SCOTFORTH f Scscotford (Lanes)," 13th cent. mate adnotentur. Scotfordy Scotfford, Scoteford, Domesday Isidorus, Etymologic, IX. ii. 103. Scozforde (s = ts) = the Scot's Ford [v. And }>rfe Scottas c6mon t6 ^Ifrede Scott, and M.E. + O.E./orrf] cyninge on ^num batebtitan c&lcum ger6J^ As there is no river at Scotforth, the rum of Hibernia. ford or forth must have been a way over (And three Scots came to King .Alfred in wet (marsh-) land. a boat, without any oars, from Ireland). A.-Saxon Chron., A-D. 891. (Celt. Teut.) One from (i) SCOTLAND + Scotta le^da, and scip fiotan, Scotland Ireland [v. under ; (2) Scott, fcfege fe6llon. and Teut. land] + (The soldiers of the Scots, and the ship- The name of two small places called men, doomed fell).

Scotland in Lines and Yorks is prob. 'Song of Brunanburh,' 11-12 ; A.-Sax. imitative. It is hardly from O.E. ge)scot= Chron., A.D. 937. O.N. skot, 'a tax,' 'payment,' because we Mid Scottum ic waes, and mid Peohtura do not find a corresponding palatal (With the Scots I was, and with the 'Shoiland.' Victs).—WidsfS (The Traveller), 159. William de Scotland. Mil o vluydyned oed oet Crist pan Inq. P.M., A.D. 1286. diffeithuyt Dulyn y gan yr Yscoteit. H6r f(5r M]ie[stS.n: cyning on Scotland, (1000 was the year of Christ when cbg]>eT ge mid land here ge mid scip here, Dubhn was laid waste by the Scots).— and his micel ofer-hergode. Bruty Tywysogion, A.D. 1000. (In this year King iEthelstan went into was used as a horse- Scotland, with both a land-army and a Scot by Chaucer name fleet, and harried much of it).^- This Reve sat upon a ful goodstot, r , A.-Sax. Chron. A.D. 933. That was al pomely grey and highte —Prol. Cant. Tales, 615-16. SCOTNEY. Bel. to Scotney = Scota's Is- Scot. land (or Waterside) [A. Sax. *Scotanlg Noe, Douglas, quoth Erie Percy then. f. Thy proffer I scorne —Scotan-, genit. oi Scota (either O.N.E. doe ; and 0.^ast.'E,.ge)scot, arrow, shot, scot (as I will not yeelde to any 5w« in scot-frio), or (more likely) the Celt, That ever yett was borne.-'ChevyChase' ballad), name : v. Scott) -t- Hf)g, island, etc.] (more modern 153-6; Percy's Reliques. —— ——— :

142 Scotten Scrosie

Scot le Garzun. Patent Rolls, A.D.123S. SCRIBEN ] q.v Roger le Scot. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. SCRIBENER \ Scrlven, Scrivener, SCRIBNER J Adam Skotte [a relic of the O.N. spell- ing Skotar, Scots].— SCRIBENS = Scrivens, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SCRIMGEOUR SCRIMIGER \ . to SCOTTEN Bel Scotton (Lines : 13th SCRIMMENGER cent. Scotton(e; Yorks' : SCOTTON J Domes- SCRIMMERGErL= Skrimshire, q.v. day Scottune, ScOtone, Scottine) [v. under SCRIMSHAW [ Sootney, and -|- O.E. or O.N. t^n, farm- SCRYMGEOUR stead, estate ; but the possibility of one or SCRYMIGER / more of the place-names representing (as to the first demerit) the O.N. skdg'T, a SCRIPPS, a form (with prefixed S-) of Cripps wood, cannot be excluded] for Crisp, q.v.

SCOTTS, Scott's (Son) : v. Soott. In the Cambridgeshire Hundred-Rolls the same person is referred to as Scrips SCOULER "1 and Soholer, Schollar, q.v. Scrisp. SCOULLAR r°'^ SCRIPTOR (Lat.) Writer, Clerk, Secre- SCOVELL \ ('A,-Fr.) Bel. to Escoville (Calva- tary, Author [Lat. scriptor] SCOVI L aos,NormJ [the first element may William Scriptor. Hund. Rolls.

SCOVILL be the O.Fr. Escot, a Scot : Escot SCRIPTURE for Scriptor, q.v. SCOVILLE J is a French surname (v. Scott) -f- Fr. ville, Lat. villa, a farm, estate] SCRIVEN ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Scribe, Public SCRIVENER Writer,Clerk [M.E. scrivein, But the spelling Escoldivilla, a.d. i 109, etc. (the sur- hardly bears out the suggested etymology. SCRIVENOR J scriveyn, scrivayn, name ' Scrivener,' etc., is a later form with SCOWCROFT (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Scow- the agent, suff. -er), O.Fr. escrivain (Fr. croft (S.Lancs), 14th cent. Scoleeroft = icfivaiti), L.Lat. scriban-us, f. Lat. scriba, the Hut- or Shed-Croft £v. under a scribe] Scholefield, and -|- M.E. O.E. croft, a Margaret Scrivein. small field] Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

In 1689-go members of the same family , Johannes Scryvener. at Haugh, Lanes, were called Scowcroft Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. and Scoleeroft. Adam Scriveyn, if ever it thee bifalle Cp. Schoolcraft. BcEce or Troylus for to writen newe, Under thy long lokkes thou most have SCOWLE, V. Skull. the scalle [scab] But after my making thou write more SCRAFTON (Eng.) Bel. to Scrafton (Yorks), trewe.—Chaucer's Words unto Adam, his the Domesday Scraftun = the Cave- or owne Scriveyn. Den-Enclosure [O.E. scraf + ttin\ ' (Eng.) Scriven ' is also from the W. SCRAGG (Scand.) a nickname for a Thin, Yorks place-name Scriven, Domesday Bony Person [Dial. E. scrag: cp. Dial. Scravinge, O.Angl. *ScreBfinguin, dat. ,of the Swed. skraka, a scraggy person ; and O.N. *Scrafingas = Scr^ef Family [the skroggslig-r, scraggy] pers. name is app. a form of the 0;E. scrceb, m., a bird-name (perh. that of the Cp. Soroggie. cormorant) -|- the pi. of the fil. suff. -ing'\

Scragg's : v. ' SCRAGGS, (Son) Scpagg. William de Skrevyn ' occurs in a Yorkshire record of 1309-10, l§RAT§HERS}f-Scatchard,q.v. SCRIVENS, the Scriven's (Son) : v Scriven (A.-Fr.-Lat.)

SCRATON ] App. merely assim. forms of SCROGGIE] (Scand.) i a nickname for a SCRATTON V Scrafton, q.v. If, however, SCROGGY V Scraggy person [v. under SCREATQN ' Scrat(t)on' were really a dis- J SCROGIE tinct place-name the first element might J Scragg]

' be that seen in Scratby ' (Norfolk), which 2 Dweller at a Scraggy place, i.e. one one could have considered to be referable covered with stunted undergrowth or to a pers. name or nickname from O.N. brushwood [Scot, and North, and East E. skratti, ' wizard,' ' magician,' if it did not V. under Scragg] apparently occur as ScroMteftj in an iith- Amang the braes sae scroggie.— cent. land-grant ('Cart, Sax.' no. 1017). Burns, ' My Hoggie,' 8. — — —

143 Scruby Seadon

SCRUBY (Scand.) Bel. to Scrooby (Notts), 8CURR (Scand.) f. the fairly common O.N, 13th cent. Scrobby, Domesday Scrobye. pers. name Skorri [prob. a descriptive

[O.N. by-r farm, estate : app. the first nickname and conn, with O.N. sHor, a cut, element is the pers. name, Scropi or notch, score] iicroppi {Skro(p)pt), seen in the ' Seroppen dim. suff. -y. Jjorpe 'of a Notts charter a.d. 958 SCURRY = Sourr (q.v.) + the E.

('Cart.fSax.' no. 1044) and noted by Rygh, . SCUJT (Scand.) i Swift, Fleet, Quick; ' Gamle [Old] Personnavne ' (p. 226), as Short {O.^. ski6t-r (= O.E. scedi] occurring in the name of two places in

' Norway called Skroparud ' (Skropa-, 2 a nickname from the Hare [Dial. E. • genit. oi Skropt). scut, a hare; same etymol. as i]

SCRUTON 1 (N. Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to William le Scut. Hund. Rolls, SCRUTTON J Scruton (N. Yorks), i4th cent. Hugh le Skut.^ , do. Scruton, the Domesday Scurueton(e= Scurfa's or Skurfa's Farmstead [O.E. Cp. Skeat.

O.N. tun, enclosure, farm, etc. : the pers. Scutt's (Son) : v. Soutt. name is a descriptive nickname for a SCUTTS, scurvy individual from either O.N.E. 8EABER (Eng. and Scand.) for i the A.-Sax. scurf, scruf, or O.West Norse skurfa (fem.) name Sigeburh =i Victorious (Dan.-Norw. skurv), scurf : a Scand. jarl, Stronghold .[O.E. sige, victory 4- burh Scurfa (for Skurfa), is mentioned in the a fortified place] A. - Saxon Chronicle under 911 as ({.),

being killed in that year : Biprkman 2 the O.Scand. (fera.) name (a) Sigborg ('Nordische Personennamen in England,' = Victorious Stronghold [O.N. sig-r, p, 124) notes from Finnur Jfinsson the oc- victory -|- borg (f.), a stronghold] currence of Skurfa as an 0. Scand. nick- (6) Sigbiorg = Victorious Help [O.N. name ; and Scutf is enumerated as an sig-r + bisrg (f.), help, deliverance] O.Dan, name (Nielsen, ' Olddanske Per- Sigborg is mostly Danish and Swedish sonnavne, p. 85)—so that the place-name ; Sigbiorg (sometimes apocopated to is most likely Scandinavian] Si^fiibr), Norwegian. SCRYlVIGEOUR\_ei,„i„»i,:„„ „„ = Sknmah.re, q.v. Both Seber and Siber are found in the SCRYMGIOUR } Hundred-Rolls. SCUDAMORE, v. Skidmore. V. Sebright, noting the cognate SCULLY (Celt.) the Irish Scolaidhe, Scolaighe SEABERT, [the homophonous -aidhe and -aighe are Fr.-Teut. Sebert. personal or agential suffs. : the ste,m may SEABORN be O.Ir. scol = Bret, skol = Wei. ysgol SEABORNE = q.v. (all from Lat. schola), a school] SEABOURN Sibopne, Scolaigi Ua h-Aedhacain, ri Dartraigi SEABOURNE (Scolaighe, grandson of Aedhacan, king SEABRIGHT=SebPight, q.v. - of Dartry). 1 Annala Uladh {Annals of Ulster), A.D. 946-7. SEABROOK |(Eng.) Bel. to Seabrook invasion the family of After the English SEABROOKEJ (Bucks), early 17th cent., were O'ScolaidheoT O'Scolaighe, now Scully, Sedbrooke = the Lake-Brook [O.E. jc6,lake, county of Tipperary. driven into the sea-j-6r(Jc, brook] O'Donovan, Topog. Poems, p. 25.

Early spellings are lacking ; but there There seems to have been some con- do not seem to be any grounds for fusion with Skelly, q.v. assum- ' ' ing here that Sea-' is for Sheep ' as SCULTHORPE (Scand.) Bel. to Sculthorpe appears to be the case with Seabridge, (Norf.;, 14th cent. Sculthorp [O-N. ]forp, 'an Staffs.

isolated farm,' village : the first element

is the O.N. and O.Swed. pers. name Skuli SEACOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Seacombe ; or (mod. Norw. Skule), f. a var. of O.N. sk^la, SECCOMBE Dweller at the Sea- or.LAKE-

to shelter, protect, Dan.-Norw. skiule, SECOMBE J Combe [O.E. sck, sea, lake-f- same meaning; cp. Dan.-Norw. shul, a cumb (Celt.), valley] shelter, protection] Seacombe, Cheshire, was Secoumbe, SCUNTHORPE (Scand.) Bel., to Scunthorpe Secomifi, Secum, a.d. 1301-4. (Lines) [O.N. ^orp, 'an isolated farm,'

village : the first element is the Dan.- SEADON (Eng.) Dweller at the Hill by the Norw. skion = Swed. skdn, beautiful, fair Sea or Lakp [O.E. sds, sea, lake+diin, ' — doubtless used as a pers. name] hill] ,

144 Seafowl Sebrigrht

SEAFOWL (Eng. and Scand.) the A.-Sax. SEAR \ I palatal forms of Segar, Seger, q.v. pers. name Sdfugel, Sckfugul, O.N. Sidfugl SEARE J 2 conf. with Sayer, q.v. =Sea-Fowl (perh. more specifically the Cormorant) [O.E. sdi = 0.^. si6, sea+O.E. SEARCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a trade-name from the /M^e/, &c. = O.N./«j-/, fowl] Wax-Taper [Fr. cierge, a wax-taper ; Lat. cereus, waxen] SefugM and Sefoul were the 13th- cent. forms. SEARES, Seare's (Son) : v. Seare.

SEAGAR "I SEARGEANT, v. Sergeant. SEAGERJ = Segap, Segep, q.v. SEAGARS llARLEl-Serle. =Segars, q.v. SEAGERS j

SEARLES, Searle'S (Son) : v. Se(a)rle. (Eng.) Bel. to Seagrave, 13th SEAGRAVE I cent. = the Lake- , SEAGROVEJ Segrave SEARS, Sear's (Son) V ''®*'^- Grove [O.E. sik, lake, s^a.+grdf, grcive] SEARSO N, Sear's Son / ^-

(Eng.) Bel. or Seal ; or Dweller at ot SEAL \ SEATH (Eng.) Dweller at a Pit or Pool [O.E. SEALE I by a Hall [O.E. sele, sal, a hall] fela ]>c6ra wses... many of those were... (Heb.) = Seth, q.v. j)e jiaet win-reced, who the wine-house, gest-je/e gyredon, (the) guest-Aa// prepared. SEATON (Eng.) Bel. to Seaton = 1 the Farm or Estate by the Sea. Bedwulf, 1989-92. 2 the Farm or Estate by the Lake Cp. Sale and Zeal [O.E. s

SEAMANS, Seaman's (Son) SEAWARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. SAw{e)ard = \ „ Seaman.fi„o™=„ SEAMONS, Seamon's (Son) ) "• Sea-Guardian [O.E. sds + w(e)ard] Cp. Seward and Siward. SEAMER (Eng.) i the A-Sax. 5c6»Kir= Sea- Famous [O.E. sdk, sea + mckre, famous, SEBASTIAN (A.-Lat.-Gr.) August, Rever- glorious] enced [Lat. Sebastian-US, Gr. Se/Soo-TcSi 2 the A.-Sax. Sigemckr = Victoriously (Sebastds), a rendering of the Lat. Famous [O.E. sige, victory] Augustus; Gr. o-^^os, awe, reverence]

3 Bel. to Seamer (Yprks=), 14th cent- SEBBORN = SIborne, q.v. Semer, Domesday Semer, Semar=the = Lake-Boundary [O.E. sck, lake + mckre, SEBLEY Sibley, q.v. boundary] SEBRIGHT (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Sdibe{p)rht = There are no groundsfor assuming that Sea-Bright, i.e. Sea-Glorious [O.E. sds, this place-name is a pers. name with the sea -t- be(fi)rht, briht, bright, glorious] local suff. dropped. Sckberht, king of Essex, d. a.d. 616. 4 Tailor [O.E. s^amere'] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Seymour, q.v. 2 the A.-Sax. Sigebe{o)rht = Victmiy- Bright, i.e. Victory -Glorious [O.E. SEANOR for Senior, qv. sige, victory] — — ' —

H5 Seburgham Sefton

The above-mentioned Scfeberht had a But Sedgwick, Westnid., was Seghes- son, a nephew, and a grandson, all named wyk in the 14th cent. = Secg's Place Sigeberht and all kings of Essex. A king [the genit. of O.E. secg (= O.N. segg-r), of East Anglia (d. 635) had the same sword, also warrior -|- wfc]

name ; and an 8th-cent. king of Wessex. q.v. The cognate Continental 5^gs6ert(wherjce SEEAR, a palatalized form of Segar, ; and the French Sebert) was a famous Frankish cp. Sayep. royal name. SEEDER (Eng.) Sower [O.E. sikdere] SEBURGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Seberghara SEEGAR] 14th cent. = (the q.v. (Cumb.), Seburgham SEEGERJ Segap, Lady) SiEBURG's (or Sigeburg's) Home [the fem. pers. name Sdshurg is a com- SEEKIN, a dim. of one or other of the A.-Sax. pound of O.E. sds, sea, and burg or burh, SA- [O.E. sA, sea], or Sige- \O.Ksige, stronghold (if the name should be Sigeburg. victory], names -|- the (double) dim. suff. —there is no record suff. early to show . -kin [O.L.Ger. -k-in\ which is the correct name — the first element is O.E. sige^ victory): 1- O.E. SEEKING for Seekin. hdm, home, estate] SEEKINS, Seekin's (Son): v. Seekin. But for the occurrence of the Eng. local suff. -ham we would have been |||L^}=Seal(e,q.v. justified, considering the locality, in assuming the pers. name to be the

(v. (Eng.) Happy, Blessed ; Simple common O.Scand. Sigborg or Sigbiiirg SEELEY \ Seabep). SEELIE (mod. Silly) [M.E. seli, se(e)ly; SEELY J O.E. jcfeft;^, happy: the correspond- SECCOMBE for Seacombe, q.v. ing German name is Selig (O.H.Ger. sdlig},- happy, etc.] a var. of Sacker, q.v., -the form SECKER, John Sely.—Hund. Rolls. (found in Yorkshire in the 14th cent, as ' J)or [there] was in helle a sundri stede ' le Sekke/) being due to the O.N. sekk-r, reste dede.— 'a sack,' whence also M.Scot; j^ii and worXwhere] J>e seli folc i^th-cent. metrical vers, of Gen. Ex., N.Lanc. seek, ' a sack.' & 1986-7. for Seacombe, q.v. SECOMBE For sely is that deth, soth for to seyne/ y-cleped, com'th and endeth SECRETAN (A-Fr.-Lat.) Sacristan, Sexton That, ofte peyne 1 [Fr. Secretain, Secretan-— sacristain (A.-Fr. Chaucer, rroi7. & Cris., iv. 503-4. secrestein) ; L.Lat. sacrista, a sacristan, a wyle with the suif. -an-us ; Lat. sacer, sacred] That Nicholas shal shapen hym This sely, jalous housbonde to bigyle.-^ En patois du Berry secretain et segretain Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3403-4. se disent encore aujoud'hui pour sacristain. Manage recommande le mot actnel sacris- This man lokede opon me.

tain, et il ajoute qu'il n'y a plus que les And leet the plough stonden ; villageois qui disent segretain.— And seyde, ' Sely man, Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 414. Whi syghest thou so harde' ? Piers Plowman's Creed, 881-4. SEDDON (Eng.) This is a widespread Lanca- The seely man, seeing him ryde so shire surname, but no place-name Seddon rancke. can be traced ; and in all probability the And ayme at him, fell flat to ground for surname is an assim. and mutated form feare. (through the pron. Sabden) of the Lane, Spenser, Faerie Queene, IL iii. 6 place-name Sabden, 13th and 14th cent. Sapedene, Sapeden = 'the Spruce-Fir SEELMAN, V. Seel, Seal, and -|- E. man. Valley ' [O.E. sappe, spruce-fir -f denu, valley] q.v. , SEER, a palatalized form of Segar, ; and SEDGLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Sedge-Lea cp. Sayer. [O.E. secg + ledh (M.E. ley] SEERS, SEER's'(Son). But the Staffs Sedgley, 13th cent. Seggesleyie, A.-Sax. Secges-ledh = Secg's SEERY (Celt.) the Irish Saoraidhe [f. (i) Ir. with the Lea [the genit. of O.E. secg, sword, also saor, free (2) saor, carpenter ; warrior -|- kdh] pers. suff. -aidhel

SEDGWICK (Eng.) Dweller at the Sedgy SEFTON (Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to Sefton (S.W. Lanes), 14th cent. Sefton, 13th cent. Cefton, Place [O.E. secg, sedge -J- laic, a place] —; — — —

146 Segar Seller

Ceffton, Domesday Sextone [The absence SELE, V. Seal. of pre-Domesday forms makes an abso- lutely definite pronouncement on the SELF 1 (Teut.) descendants of i the A.-Sax.

SELFE J Sckwulf or O.N. S(kAlf-r= Sea-Wolf origin of the first element imposs. ; but in -)- O.E. O.N. jj//-r] all probability it is either the A.-Sax. [O.E. O.N. stfe wulf^ pars, name Se/ij or its O.N. cognate Sefi-r- 2 the A.-Sax. Sdbldf or O.N. Sckleif-r = O.E. = O.N. m., mind, heart — - = sefa sefi, •Sea Relic [O.E. O.N. stk + O.E. Idf or else the O.N. sef, sedge ; the second O.N. leif-r, a relic] origin perh. being the more likely from 3 the A.-Sax. Sigeldf or O.N. Sigleif-r = its being topographically suitable. The Victory-Relic [O.E. sige == O.N. sig-r, Domesday spelling is evidently a blunder] victory + O.E. Idf = O.N. leif-r, a telle] SEGAR 1 (Teut.) i the O.N. SAgeir, A.-Sax. 4 the O.N. Solfi, Solvi [of doubtful orig.] SEGER J Sckgdr = Sea-Spear (i.e. Sea-War- rior) [O.N. s(k-r = O.E. s

SEGARS, Segar's (Son) : v. Segar. SELLACK (? Celt.) Bel. to Sellack (Hereford), evi'd. a corrupt form of the name of the SEGGER = Seger, q.v. Saint—Teseliach—to whom the church is SEGRAVE = Seagpave, q.v. dedicated.

SELBORNE (Eng.) Bel. to Selborne, 13th SELLAR, V. Seller. cent. Selebume, a.d. 903 Seleborne = the Hall-Brook (brook running by. the hall) SELLARS, v. Sellers. [O.E. sele, a hall, mansion -r burne, a stream] llt:uc°K^}f°^ Sellack, q.v. The early forms show fairly conclusively it that the loth-cent. (although, is true SELLENGERl (A.-Fr.-Teut.) BeL to St. form quoted is in a Latin — not A.-Sax. BELLINGER J L£ger (a common French — charter) that the first element is not the eccles. place-name: several in Normandy) , O.E. a sallow or willow, as we sealh, for St. Leutg^r, Liutg#r, Liudg^r, might otherwise have been tempted to as- L^6d(e)gar, i.e. National Spear fO.H. sume it to be. Ger. liut- (Ger. leute, people) = O.Sax. SELBY (Scand.) Bel. to Selby (Yorks), anc. liud- = O.E. Mod, nation + O.H.Ger. Sdleheia = the Hall-Farm [O.N. sal-r O.Sax. g^r = O.E. gdr, a spear]

(= O.E. sal, sele), a hall -f- bS-r, a farm] " Sellenger's-roMud : St. Leget's round, The Lines parish-name Saleby (13th a favourite old dance." cent. Saleby) has doubtless the same T. Wright, Prau. Diet., p. 837. origin. SELLER ( A.-Fr.-Lat. ) i Saddler [M.E. SELDEN \ (Eng.) Dweller at i the Willow- sel{l)er, Fr. sellier; i. Tt. selle, a saddle, SELDON Valley [O.E. s(e)fl;A(= O.N. sWifl), J seat, Lat. a seat] a willow 4- denu, a valley] sella,

2 the Hall-Valley [O.E. sele, a hall] Adam le Seler. Cal. Inq. ad quod Damn., A.D. 1316-17. A Salden, Yorks, and a Salden, Bucks, occur in the Charter-Rolls temp. Hen. VI 2 One in charge of a Cellar or Store-

and one Ansell de Seleden is mentioned in room ; Cellarer \A.-Tv. seler, celer, O.Fr. the Testa de Nevill, 13th cent, celier, Lat. fellari-um, a cellar] — :; —

H7 Sellers Senechal

Roger del Celer.— SELWAY (Eng.) i Dweller at the Hall-Way Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. [O.E. sele + weg] Agnes del Seler.— 2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Selewtg = Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Hall-Warrior [O.E. sele, hall + wiga, warrior] (Eng.) Seller, Dealer [M.E. seller; f. O.E. sellan, to give] SELWIN 1 (Eng.) Hall-Friend or -Protec- SELWYN J TOR [A.-Sax. Selewine — sele, hall SELLERS, genit., and pi., of Seller-. -I- wine, friend, etc.] SELLEY (A.-Fr.-Lat, + Eng^ Bel. to Sell(e)y SELWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at Selwood (the or Dweller at the Cell-Lea [M.E. O.Fr. forest on the borders of Wilts and Somer- selle, celle, a cell or hermitage ; Lat. cella set), the A.-Sax. Seal wudu (A. - Sax, + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh} Chron. a.d. 894), Seal mydu (a.d. 878) = . Selly, Wore, was Selleg', Selley, in the app. the ' Willow-Wood [O.E. seal{h (pi. 13th cent. There is a Sell(e)'y in Salop. sealas), a willow or sallow] ; but Asser, in The Charter-Rolls a.d. 1328 mention a his Life of iElfred, translated Seluudu as Selley in Sussex. Silva Magna in Latin and Coit Maur There has prob. been some confusion (mod. Coed Mawr) in Welsh, i.e. ' Great with Seeley, q.v. Wood,' as if the first element of the A.-Sax. wood-name were the O.E. sM, SELLMAN ' good,' and its meaning could be extended I = Sell (q.v.) + E. man ' cp. SELLMEN to signify ' great.' SELMAN Hallman. 2 for the M.E. Seliman, Selyman: v. lEMON}' = Seaman,q.v. Seel(e)y, and + man. (occ.) 2 for Simon, q.v. 3 conf. with Salman (through the prbn. Sal-), q.v. SEMISTER for Sempstep, q.v.

SELLS, pi., and genit., of Sell, q.v. SEMMENS \ for Simmons, q.v. There is a Selles in the Pas-de-Calais SEMMONS

Dept. ; also one in the Eure Dept. SEMPER (A.-Fr..Lat.-Gr.) Bel. to St. Pierre SELLWOOD, V. Selwood. (an exceedingly common French eccles. place-name) [v. Pier, Peter] SELLY, V. Selley. Sempeer is found in England in the I an aphaeretic form of Anselm, SELM "I early 17th cent., Seint6pier and Seyntpiere SELME/q.v. in the 14th; the mediaeval Latinization 2 Dweller at the Selm, app. meton. for being de Sancto Petro. a Gate [Dial. E. selm, a gate-rail (E.D.D. Cp. Samper, which is a present-day N. Ctry., Nhbld., ' a bar of a gate') ; app., French surname. with altered meaning, f. O.E. selma, a

couch] SEMPLE I , Sample, q.v. John atte Selme. SEMPILLJ Lay Subsidy-Roll, Soms., A.D. 1327. (occ.) 2 for Simple, q.v. SELMES genit., and pi., of Selm(e, q.v. SEMPSTER (Eng.) Sempstress; Dress- SELMS I maker; Tailoress [O.E. s^amestre, -esire, SELSEY (Eng.) Bel. to Selsey (Sussex), the fern, agent, suff.] A.-Sax. Seoles ig (freq.) = Seal's Island SENAR, like Seanor, for Senior, q.v. [the genit. of O.E. seol(h, a seal, sea-calf 4- igi island] SENDALL for Sandall, q.v. Bede (' Hist. Eccl." IV. 13) translates SENEGAL \ (Fr.-Teut.) Seneschal, Stew- this name as "Insula vituli marini" ; but, SENECHALJARD ; lit. Senior Servant owing to the use of the genit. sing., it is [O.Fr; seneschal (Fr. sinechat), L.Lat. doubtful whether the first element is not seniscalc-us, f. an O.Teut. word like Goth. a pers. name. *siniskalk-s : cp. Goth, sin-ista, oldest, and = == SELTH (Eng.) i Happiness, Prosperity skalk-s O.Sax. skalk O.H.Geir. scalc{h [M.E. selth(e, O.E. ge)scklp'] = O.E. sc(e)alc, servant] Cp. Bliss. Si alicujus seniscalcus, qui servus est, et 2 Sailor [O.E. sdlida, scfeKfa, lit. 'sea- dominus ejus xii vassos infra domum

goer '] habet, occisus fuerit . . . Selithe de Vfeaham.—ffund. Rolls. Lex Alemannorum, 79, 3. —— — ; —

148 Senhouse Severn

Sinescal ou Sinecal est la forme nor- SERLE ] (Teut.) Armour, Arms [O.Teut. mande du mot sdn^chal.— SERRELL \Serlo, Scerla, Sarle, Sarilo, Serilo,

Moisy, Noms de Pam. Norm., p. 416. SERRILL J SSrli, etc, : O.E. searo = O.H.Ger. Cp. Marshall. saro = O.N. sSrui = Goth, sarwa, armour, arms, skill, device, etc., with -I dim. suff. SENHOUSE (Eng.) Bel. to Senhouse or and the usual form, final vowel] Sevenhouse (Cumb.) = the Seven Houses Serlo is the Domesday and the usual [O.E. seofon, seven houses] + Ms, O.Eng. form, with exceptions likfe Joh'es de Sevenhous de Ebor'. Sterle abb. on Gleweceastre. Cal. Inq. ad quod Damn., A.D. 1366. (Scerle abbot of Gloucester^ [i i th cent.] Thomas de Senhous. —Thorpe, Dipl. Angl., p. 615. Close Rolls, A.D. 1385-6. Richard Serle. Hund. Rolls. SENIOR \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Seignior, Lord (of The mod. Norse forms are Sorle and SENIER J a Manor), Squire; Elder [M.E. Solle. O.Fr. seigno(u)r, seigneur (Fr. seigneur),

lord ; Lat. senior, older, (hence) greater] SERLSON, Serl(e)'s Son : v. Serle. Michael le Seigneur. Close Rolls, SERMON I meton. for Sermoner, q.v. William le Seignour. Pari. Writs. 2 for Surtnan, q.v. 2 a nickname for a seignior's servant also a pageant-name: cp. Lord'. SERMONER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Preacher, Speak- Seigneur is a fairly common French er [M.E. sermoner, sarmoner (Fr. sermon-

surname. neur), i. sermone(n, to preach, speak ; Fr.

I sermon, sermon, lecture ; Lat. sermo, -onis, SENNETT1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Old, Sage, Wise talk, discourse] SENNITT l[Fr. Senet, Senot, f. Lat. sen-em, SERRILLS, Serrill's (Son): v. Serrlll, SENNOTtJ ace. of senex, old; with the Fr. Serle. dim. suff. -et, -ot] 2 conf. with Sinnett, eitc, q.v. SERSON I V. Searson.

SENSECAL \ (Fr.-Teut.) Seneschal [v.under 2 for Serlson, q.v. SENSKELl; Senec(h)al], SETCHELL, a var. of Satohell, q.v. SEPHTON = Sefton, q.v. SETH (Heb.) Appointed [Heb. SUtK\ SERGEANT \ (A.-FJr.-Lat.) Officer; Squire; SERG EN T 1 Attendant; lit. Servant [M.E. SETON (Fr. -f E.) Bel. to Seton or Seaton serg{e)a(u)nt, serja{u)nt, O.Fr. sergant, (Haddington), A.b. 1296 Seytone = (de)

' serjant (Fr, sergent) ; L.Lat. servjens, -entis, Sey's Ville [see the note under,Seaton]

servant ; Lat. servire, to serve] SETTER (Eng.) Setter (app. of arrowheads) A sergeaunt of the lawe, war [wary] and [M.E. settere ; f. O.E. settan, to set] wys.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 309. Clement le Settere.— See Serjeant. il/a«. Gildh. Lond.

SERGEANTSON, the Sergeant's Son: v. SETTERINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Settrington Sergeant. (Yorks), 14th cent. Seterington, 13th cent. Seterinton, A,-Sax. *S(&teringa-tiiH = the SERGESON Estate of the S.stere Family [O.E. for SERG1NSON Sergeantson, q.v. scktere, plotter, schemer, spy, etc + -inga, SERGISON genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -)- Wh, estate, SERJANT farm, etc.] SERJEANT [ = Sergeant, q.v. SETTLE (Eng.) Bel. to Settle (Yorks), the SERJENT Domesday Setel,= the Seat, Residence N'i aura ancelle [Lat. ancilla, maidser- [O.E. sell] vant] ni serjant.—Bible Guyot; Moisy. SEVER(E (A,-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. SMre, Lat. Serjaunt and Serjant are the usual 13th- Severus (a fairly common Roman family- cent. forms in England, as name) = the Severe, Stern, Cruel John le Serjaunt.—HM«i. Rolls. [Lat. sever-us\ The Roman emperor who died at York SERJEANTSON, the Serjeant's Son : v. Serjeant, Sergeant. A.D. 211 was aptly named. John le Severe.—Hund. Rolls. SERLBY (Scand.) Bel. to Serlby (Notts), the Domesday Serlebi = SOrli's Farm or SEVERN (Celt.) Dweller by the River Severn, Estate [v; under Serle, and + O.N. b^} the A.-Sax. Stefem, Safyrn (mod. Wei. — — — — — ——— —

149 Seville Shadd

[M.E. Hafren — H- for orig. S- — but in Geoff- SEXTON \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sacristan A.-Ft. rey of Monmouth, Sabren), the Roman SEXTONE I se;rteiM, sexteyn, secresiein

Sdbrina [perh. conn, with the O.Ir. (Fr. sacristain) : v. under Secretan and sab{h)rann, a boundary, which, from the Saxton'] dawn of history, has certainly been ap- Upon my feith, thou art som officer, propriate enough] Som worthy sexteyn, or som celerer. (' Hist. Brit.' II. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 3126. V.) has an interesting legend that the river (Eng.) for Saxton'. was named from the drowning therein of the the daughter, Sabren, of Locrin's German N.B.—Sexton was used to Anglicize princess-mistress Estrildis Ir. Shesnan {O'Seasnain). Jubet enim Estrildem et filiam eius SEYMOUR 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Bel. to St. Maur Sabren praecipitari in fluvium, qui nunc SEYMER (France), prob. more specif. St. Sabrina dicitur. Fecitque edictum per J Maur-des-Bois, Manche, Norm. [Fr.JIfaMr, totam Britanniam, ut fluvius nomine Lat. Maur-us, Gr. MaCp-os, a Moor, black puellee vocaretur. • man] A charter a.d. 706 (' Cart. Sax.' 116) has This name was Latinized (e.g. in the Saberna in the Lat. portion and Smfyrn in Hundred-Rolls) de Sancto Mauro. the O.E. (boundaries) pai^t. (Teut.) for Seamer, q.v. SEVILLE for Saville, q.v. SEYS, v. Sayce.

I = Seaward, q.v. SEWARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. (nick-) SHAGKEL ] 2 for q.v. SiwapdS SHACKELL [ name Scacel [O.E. scacol, scacul, shackle, fetter; f. to 3 Sow-Herd [M.(N.) ^,su{e)herd, O.E. SHACKLE J a scacan, shake] sA + hierde'\' (Eng.) Bel. to Shackleton SEWARDS, Seward's (Son). SHACKELTON 1 SHACKLETON J (prob. Lanes) [v. under SEWART = Seward, q.v. Shackel, and -|- O.E. tiin, farm, estate] Hugh Schacheliton. SEWELL (Teut.) i the O.Teut. Sewald, Sle- ] Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246. SEWILL \wald,etc. = Sea-Power [O.E. 5c6 SEWALlJ = O.N. s(B-r, sid-r = O.Sax. O.H. SHACKERLEYl _- Shakerley,ch=,i,„„i„„ q.v.nv Ger. s^o, sea + O.E. ge)w{e)ald = O.N. SHACKLEY j = O.Saxl ^i)it)aH=O.H.Ger. gi)walt, uald SHACKLADY power, might] (Eng.) a nickname = lascivus. 2 the O.Teut. Sigwald, Siguald, &c. = SHAKELADY [ Victorious Power [O.E. sige = O.N. Richard Shaklady. sig-r =O.Sa;x. O.H.Ger. sigt = Goth. sigi-s, Lane. Fines, A.D. 1384. victory] Rowland Shakelady. Thomas Sewald. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1529. Huiid. Rolls, A.D. 1274. ^

Edmund' fil. Sewalli. SHACKLEFORD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shackleford Inq. a. q. Damn., A.D. 1307-8. SHACKELFORD J (Surrey) [O.E./orrf, a ford: the first element (v. under Shackel) prob. John Sewell. denotes that the passage of the ford was Chstr. Hearth-Tax Rtns., A.D. 1664-5. facilitated by fixed shackles or staples] SEWEL(L)SON, Sewel(l)'s Son: v. Sewell. SHACKLOCK (Eng.) i meton. for Gaoler SEWER (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Table - Servant, [M.E. sehakloc{k, a fetter-lock, fetters'; Waiter [JVI-E. sewer{e, sewar(e, O.Fr. O.E. seacol, a shackle + loe, a lock] asseour, table-servant; O.Fr. asseoir, to 2 for Shakelock, i.e. having a long lock set ; Lat. assidere, to sit by] of hair [Late M.E. shakeloc(k; f. O.E. And there he prayd syr Gareth to make sc(e)acan, to shake -\- locc, a lock of hair] hym his sewar chyef at the feest. SHADBOLT for Shotbolt, q.v: [the voicing of Malory, Morte d'Arthur, vii. 36. t io d here is due to the influence of the following voiced letter SEWSTER, for Souster, q.v! ; rarely a fern, 6] form of Sewer, q.v. [E. fern. suff. -ster, SHADD (Eng.), the M.E. 5cAad(i(Hund. Rolls), O.E. -estrel is prob. a nickname from the O.E. fish- name m. (the importance of this SEWTER for Souter, q.v. seeadd, fish in A.-Saxon times is showQ by the SEXSMITH for Sixsmlth, q.v. fact that there was a 'shad season'), " — — ;

150 Shaddick Shanks

rather than conn, with O.E. ge)sc(e)dd, ing grass ; f. O.E. sc(e)acan, to shake + ' , n., understanding,' ' discretion.' There M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a lea] does not seem to have been any confusion between this pers. name and Chad, al- SHAKESHAFT (Eng.) a nickname of the same though there is app. a place-name instance occupative class as Shakelance and under Shadwell. Shakespeap(e [f. M.E. schaken, O.E. sc{e)acan, to shalce -|- M.E. schaft, O.E. a shaft, spear] = (q.v.) the O.E. sc(e)aft SHADDOCK 1 Shadd + SHAKESPEAR (Eng.) a nickname for a SHAKESPEARE spear-carrying individual, (Sem.) for the Heb.-Aram. SHADRACK ] SHAKSPEARE as a Beadle, Sergeant, SHJKDRfiiKE \ Shadrach [Heb. Shadhrakh : SHAKSPERE and (more especially) a " SHADRICK J The etymology of the naflie Soldier [f. M.E. schaken, O.E. sc(e)acan, Shadrach is uncertain. Frd. Delitzsch to shake + M.E. O.E. spere] suggests that, it is a variant of the Robertus Schaksper. Babylonian Sudur-Aku, 'Command of Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. the Moon-God.' This view is pronounced by Schrader to have considerable proba- Gulielmus filius Johannes Shakspeare. bility."— ZJfrf. Bible, ed. Hastings, iv. 472] —Bapt. Reg. Stratf.-on-Avon, 26th April, 1564. (Eng.) for Sheldrake, q.v.

, Cp. Shakelance and Shakeshaft, the SHADWELL (Ehg.) Bel. to Shadwell (Yorks : name ' William Sharpspere ' found in the Domesday Scadeuuelle, a.d. 1285 Schadwell; Close Rolls, a.d. 1278, and the old term

Norf.: 14th cent. ' Shadwell; Salop, &c. shakebuckler ' for a bully ; also the [Dial.E. shade, a shed; 0.¥.^sc{e)adu, shade, Roman Quirinus [f. Lat. quiris, a spear] an arbour -f well, O.E. w(i)ella, a well] But the London Shadwell is said to be SHALDERS (Eng.) Dweller at the Rushes for (St.) Chad's Well (v. Chad)—" This [Dial. E. shalder, a kind of rush] place, formerly called Chadwelle, took its SHALLCROSS (Scand.) Bel. to Shallcross name from a mineral spring in the ' Sun (Derby), 14th cent. Shalcros=thc Crooked Tavern ' fields, dedicated to St. Chad." Cross [f. O.N. skidlg-r = O.E. sceSUi, Nat. Gas., 1868. crooked, wry -|- O.N. kross (Lat. crux, crucis\

SHAPE (Eng.) i Crooked, Crippled [O.E. SHALLIS l fA.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Chalais, scdf: cp. Dut. scheef—Gsx. schief, crooked] SHALLES J Challes, Chaillois (France) [app. f, Cp. Scafe. the Gaul, cognate of O.lr. caill, Gael, and 2 = Sheaf, q.v. Ir. coin, a wood]

SHAFTESBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Shaftesbury, SHAMBLER = Soambler, q.v. the A.-Sax. Sceaftes-hurh (a.d. 982) = q.v. Sceaft's Stronghold [O.E. sc(e)fl/i!,m.,a SHAM BROOK for Sambrook, shaft, spear -f burK\ SHANAHAN (Celt.) Wise, Sagacious, Crafty (Eng.) Bel. to Shafto(e (Northumb.), SHAFTO [Ir. Seanachan (O'Seanachain)—seanach -f cent. 14th Shafth(m{e, 13th cent, Schafthou the dim. suff. -^«; cp. lr.seannach = (j&e^. =the Shaft-Hill [O.E. sc(e)aft, a shaft, sionnach, a fox] spear, pole : used as a pers. name -f- hd, This name has been used to Hiberni- a hill, bluff] cize the Eng. ' Fox.' The hill or bluff is now called " Shaftoe Crag, a lofty verdant hill. SHAND (Eng.) Buffoon [O.E. icand] SHAILER,v. Shayler. SHANDLEY for Shanley, q.v. SHAIRP, a North, form of Sharp, q.v. SHANE (Celt.-Heb.) an Irish form of John, SHAKEL(L, V. Shaokel(l. q.v. [Ir. Seaghan; but this form seems really to be uue (with the dim. suft. -dii) (E. Fr.-Lat.) SHAKELANCE + a nickname to the Ir. seagh, esteem, worth, strength (a.d. of 1274 Henry Shakelaunce) the allied to the great Teut. name-stem sig-. same occupative class as Shakespear(e victory] [f. M.E. schaken, O.E. sc(e)acan, to shake Cp. Shawn, Shone. -I- Fr. lance, Lat. lanced]

SHAKERLEY(Eng.)Bel.to Shakerley (Lanes), SHANK "1 (Eng.) a nickname from some pecu-

A.D. 12&\ Schakerley [the first element is SHANKS J liarity of the Leg(s [M.E. schanke, prob, Dial. E.^Aaier, tne quaking or dither- 0.£. scancay a leg] —— — —

151 Shanley Shawcross

(Lanes), SHANLEY 1 (Celt.) Old Hero [It. Seanlaoch SHARPLES T (Eng.) Bel. to Sharpies 13th cent. Scharples = the SHANLY J (Mac SeanlaoicKj—, old + SHARPLESS J Jaoch, a hero, champion] Rough Pasture [O.E. sc(,e)arp, rough + pasture] , Idis, a SHANN (Celt.) Old [Ir. and Gael, sean, old= v. Cym. hen ; cognate with Lat. senex, senis, SHARPS, Sharp's (Son) : Sharp. old] SHARRARD I V. Sherrard, Sherratt. SHANNAN\(Celt.) i = Shann (q.v) + the 8HARRATT SHANNON J Ir. dim. suff. -dn [Ir. Seanan] SHARROCK (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the 2 for q.v. Shanahan, Shorn or Split Rock [f. O.E. sceran (prt. The Irish river-name Shannon app. scear), to cut + -rocc (of Romanic orig.), means 'Old River' [Ir. sean, old + a rock] abhan{n, river] Cp. Shorrock.

SHAPCOTT (Eng.) Dweller at the Sheepcote SHARROW (Eng.) Bel. to Sharrow (Yorks), \0.'E..sc{e)dp + coi\ 13th cent. Scharhow = the Shorn or Split Hill [f. O.E. sceran (prt. scear), to SHAPLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Sheep- cut + ho, a hill, bluff] Land [O.E. sc(e)dp + land] SHARWOOD = Sherwood, q.v. SHAPLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Sheep-Lea [O.E. sc{e)dp + ledh] IhATtSckI^"^ Shaddock, q.v. SHAPMAN (Eng.) Sheep-Man, Shepherd SHATWELL (Eng.) t Bel. to Shatwell [O.E. [O.E. sc(e)dp + rnann] w{i)ella, a spring : the first element may be either O.E. scedt, a corner, projection, SHAPPARD\_„h„„h„ . s'^«p'^«'^'''1-^-„^ shapperd1 = or O.E. sceatt, a payment, penny] Shatwell occurs in the Charter-Rolls SHAPSTER (Eng.) Female Shaper or A for Leicestershire, a.d. 1365-6. Cutter ; Tailoress [f. M.E. schapen, to

shape; 0.^.ge)sc(e)ap, a. shape, form -|- 2 for Shadwell, q.v, the fern, agent, suff. -ster, O.E. -estre] SHAUGHNESSY, V. O'Shaughnessy. Cp. Shepster.

SHAPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shapton or Shepton SHAVE = Shafe, q.v. =the Sheep-Farm [O.E. sc(e)dp +<«'«] SHAW 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Wood or Grove SHARD = Sheard, q.v. SHAWEJ [M.E. shatvie, schaw{e, schagh, O.E. sc{e)ag(f] SHARDLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Shardlow (Derby), 14th cent. Shardelowe, 13th -cent. Scarde- A Scaga occurs in a charter, a.d. 778^ of loive— the Notched or Cut Hill [O.E. Ecgberht, king of Kent, to the then Bishop ot Rochester, of land at ' Br6m- sf{e)ard, hotched + hlckm, a hill, tumulus] geheg.' {Wel.serch), Ibve] SHARK (Celt.) Love [Ir. searc Richard de la Schawe. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname [app. f. N.Fr. Patent-Rolls, Lanes, A.D. 1271. Fr. to search Lat. cherquier = chercher, ; Brice del Schagh. circare, to go round] Chesh.Chntbrlns'. Accts-, A.D. 1303-4., SHARKEY (Gelt.) Loving, Amorous [Ir. John atte Schaghe. Searcach (O'Sedfcaigh)—searc, love -|- the Exchq. Subs.. Roll, Soms., A.D. 1327. loving] plen. suff. -ach (cp. Wei. serchog, Gaillard [merry] he was as goldfynch in the shawe.— SHARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Shorn or Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 4367-8. Separated Land [f. O.E. ^c^ra« (pret. scear), to cut, shear + land] When shawes beene sheene [bright] and shraddes [twigs] full fayre. SHARMAN = Shepman, Shearman, q.v. 'Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne': Percy's Reliques. SHARNBROOK (Eng.) Bel.^ to Sharnbroolt gJeds), A.D. 1268-9 Shamebroke = the SHAWCROSS (Eng.) Dweller at the Cross UNGY Brook [O.E. sc{e)arn, dung-|-6r

152 Shawfield Sheen

SHAWFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wood- (occ.) 2 Shireman; Steward, Pro- Field [v. Shaw, and + M.E. O.K. feld] curator [O.E. sclr{e)mann — sclr, ofBce, shire, parish, district] SHAWN, an Irish form of John, q.v. [Ir. Seaghati] SHEARS I a nickname and sign-name from See Shane, Shone. the Shears [O.E. sciaruru (pi.), shears; with later -s pi. sufl.] SHAWYER (Eng.) Dweller at a Wood or 2 Shere's (Son) : y. Shere' Grove [v. Shaw, and + the agent. suff. -yer (as in ' lawyer '), for -ier] SHEARSMITH (Eng.) Maker of Shears and (Plough-) Shares [v. under Shears (O.E. SHAYLER 1 (Teut.) Crooked Walker ; [f. scear, a ploughshare), and + M.E. smith, SHAYLOR J Cripple M.E. shayle, shaile, O.E.jOTitS] to walk awry (Dial. E. shatter, a cripple) O.N. s1adlg-r=0.^. sceolh=Ger. and Dut. (Eng.) i Shears' Son: v. wry, oblique, crooked] SHEARSON scheel, Shears.

SHEA, V. O'Shea. 2 Shere's Son : v. Shere'.

(the) Shearer's Son : v. Shearer. SHEAD (Eng.) Dweller at i a Hut, ArBour 3 (Shed) [O.E. sceadu] SHEARWOOD = Sherwood, q.v.

2 a Hill-Ridge ; specif., the point from which the hill slopes in opposite direc- SHEAT "[(Eng.) i Swift, Quick, Alert tions [Dial. E. she(a)d; i. O.E. scdadan, SHEATEJ [O.¥..sceoi\ to part, separate, shed] 2 Dweller at a Corner or Projection SHEAF \ (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name [O.E. scM{a\ SHEAFF JSc^a/ya [O.E. jc^a/, a sheaf] (rarely) 3 Shooter, Archer [O.E. 5cAi/occurs in the A.-Saxon genealogies as the name of a mythical ancestor of Cp. Skeat(e.

Woden ; and Scdafa was the name of a Lombardic king SHEATH (Eng.) a palatal form of Seath," q.\. Sciafa [wfeold] Longbeardum. Cp. 'sheath, a salt-water fountain.' 66. Widsm {The Traveller), T. Wright, Srov. Diet., p. 846. 2 Dweller at the sign of the Sheaf (Eng.) Sheath-Maker [M.E. [M.E. scheeftshaf. Sec; O.E. sciaf] SHEATHER shether, schether ; M.E. shethe, schethe, O.E. SHEAL, V. Shiel. sc^a^, a sheath, with the agent, suff. -er, O.E. -ere] SHEAN, V. Sheen SHEE, v. O'Shee. SHEARD (Eng.) i Dweller at a Gap or = Cleft. SHEEAN "[(Celt.) i the Ir. Sdadhachan SHEEHAN J Wise, Courteous [Ir. seadhach 2 [O.E. sceard] Hare-lip (dh mute) -|- the dim. suff. -an]

Cp. Scanth. 2 the lT.Sidheachan = Woi.T [Ir. sidheach (dh mute) -1- the dim. suff. -a'«] SHEARER (Eng.) Cutter (of wool, cloth) f. O.E. [M.E. s(c)'herere, M.E. s(c)heren, SHEED = Shead, q.v. sceran, to cut] Reginald le Scherere. SHEEL = Shiel, q.v. Pari. Writs, A.D. 1300. ' SHEEN (Eng.) i Bright, Fair \U.'S.. sheene, (Eng.) i Bel. to or SHEARING Shearing schene, Q.E. sceone, sciene, sc^ne] Sheering, A.-Sax. *Sciringas=(i'ii.& Estate ne rasegjj sc^ne. of the) ScfR- Family [O.E. scir, bright, (nor maiden /air). —Berfo/M//, 6025. white, brilliant -f -ingas (dat. pi. -ingum), pi. of the fil. suff. -ingl This hooly mayden, that is so bright and Chaucer, 2 the A.-Sax. Sciring = ScIr's Son ifeenef.— Cant. Tales, B 692. [etym. as i] Was mounted high in top of heaven Sciring, Hund. Rolls. sheene.-^- Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III. iv. 51. SHEARMAN (Eng.) i Cutter (of wool, cloth) 2 Bel. to Sheen (Surrey : A.-Sax. [M.E. s{c)heiie)man,l. M.E. s{c)heren, O.E. Sedan; Staffs : Domesday Sceon) [etym. as i] sceran, to cut -f- man\ Cp. Sherman. (Celt.) for Shee(h)an, q.v, — : — ;

153 Sn^pshank(ssBpei Shenton

SHEEPSHANKfS (Eng.y With SHEEP(-like) A.D. 1310-ir, and Schelford, A-.ry. 1316-17 ; a Leg(s, i.e. BowLEGGED [O.E. sceap, sheep Sheldeford occurs in the Charter-Rolls for

; the 1 + scanca, leg] Leicestershire, a.d. 1304 Sceldeford and Scealdeford of an Essex charter In the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379 we A.D. 1062 is now Shalfdrd. find both Schepschank and Shepshattk. v-thecommoner form Shillito(e. SHEEPSHEAD (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Sheepshed IhIlITOE I (Leic), 13th - 14th cent. Shepesheved, the A.-Sax. Schipished = the Sheep's Head or Hill SHELLEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Shelley, [thdgenit. of M.E. s{c)hep(fi, O.E. sc^ap, S H E LLY f Scelf-ledh = the Shelf- or Ledge- she;dp + M.E. hed, heved, O.E. h^afod,^ Lea [O.E. scelf, scylf{e, a shelf, ledge, also a crag /erfft, a lea] 1 , head, hill] -I- Shelley, Suff., was Scelfledh c. a.d. 972 2 a nickname [etym. as i] and Shelley a.d. 1321-2 ; Shelley, Yorks, situated a hill, in SHEER, V. Shere. on was Scivelei

Domesday-Book. , SHEET, V.I Sheat. Thomas Shelley. Inq. a. q. Damn. (Kent), A.D. 1414-5. SHEFFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Sheffield (Yorks), 14th cent. Sheffield, Schefeld, Domesday SHELiyiERDINE (Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to Scafeld [Sheffield is on the R. Sheaf; but Hjalmar's Valley [The O.N. pers. name the river-name is prob. from the place- is a compound of hjdlm-r, helm(et, and -ar name, the first element of which may be for -har, herr, host, army : 1- O.E- denu, the O.E.icti/, crooked, if not O.E. scMaga, a valley]

a wood ; the second being M.E. O.E./eW, Earlier forms than the 17th cent, (same ii field, plain] spelling) seem to be lacking, but 6n the' Will'us de Sheffeld (Yorks).— analogy of O.N. Hjaltland=Sheila.nd the Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1307-8. etymology given above can hardly be doubted. Sheffield Park, Sussex, is the seat of the Earl of Sheffield, and therefore app. SHELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shelton, the A.-Sax. owes its name to the Yorks town. Scelf-tiin=ihs Farm or Estate on or by

the Shelf or . Ledge [O.E. scelf, scylf(e, = Shiel, q.v. a shelf, ledge, also a crag /jJk, SHEIL -f- estate, &c.i = Shield, q.v. SHEILD Shelton, Beds, was Scelftun- a.d. 792 Shelton, Staffs, I2th-i4th cent. Scheltoit, SHEILDS = Shields, q.v. was Scelfitone in Domesday - Book SHEILS = Shiels, q.v. Shelton, Norf., was Shelton, a.d. 1367, as Shelton, Notts, was in 1349. (Eng.) Bel. to Sheldon (Warw. SHELDON SHEMELDI found in Yorkshire in the 14th 13th. cent. Scheldon; Devon, Derby, &c.) SHEMILD [cent, as Schemylde, is prob. orig. form, is seen in a [The ScelfdUn, Scand. with the second element the charter of Offa, king of the Mercians, to common fern, component hild, 'battle,' the church oi St. Alban's (' Cart. Sax.' 'war': the first element is rather O.N. no. 264). The first element (scelf or hfdlm-r, helm(et (v. under Shelmerdihe) denotes a shelf or ledge, also a scylf(e ) than a palatalized form of O.N. skdlm, crag the second being O.E. dun, a hill] ; ' sword.'

SHELDRAKE (Eng.) a nickname from the SHENSTON 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shenstone Duck so called, lit. the 'Shield-Drake' SHENSTONE; (Staffs), i2th cent. Shenestan(e,

[M.E. s{c)held-, a shield -f- drake\ I ith cent, Scenstan = the Bright Stone or Rock (Castle) [O.E. Johes. Sheldrake. sc^one, bright, fair Stan, stone, rock, stone or rock castle] Inq. a. q. Damn. (Hen. VI). + Shenstone is on a hill. In the parish SHELDRICK for Sheldrake. " was formerly a castle or fortification, the site of which is still called Castle-, (Eng.) Bel. to Shelford, the SHELFORD Field."— (iViji. Gaz.) A.-Sax. Sceald{e)ford (commonly in the The corresponding German place-name obHque form, ' on scealdan ford') = the is Schonstein. Shallow Ford [O.E. sceald, shallow + ford\ SHENTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shenton (Leic), Shelford, Camb., was Shelford, a.d. a.d. 1349 Sheynton [the first element is the 1250-1 arid 1361, and Schelford, a.d. O.E. sc^ne, sc^one, fair, beautiful (perh. 1324-S, but Sceldford in the Inq. Com. here used as a pers, name) -|- /liw, farm,

Cantab. ; Shelford, Notts, was Shelford, estate, etc>i — — —

154 Shepard Sherman

SHEPARD Soms., was Schireburne in the 14th cent. SHEPHARD (Eng.) Shepherd [O.E. Sherborne, Glouc, was Sherebome in the SHEPHE(A)RDJ scedp-hierde] 14th cent.

SHEPHARDSON 1 This name was Latinized de Fonte SHEPHERDSON Uthe) Shepherd's Son: Limpido ; also Pons Clarus.

SHEPPERSON J V. Shephe(a)pd. SHERD = Sheard, q.v. SHEPLEY HEng.) Bel. to Shepley = the SHEPPLEY J Sheep-Lea [O.E. scedp + leak SHERE (Eng.) i Fair, Bright, White [M.E. (M.E. Uy\ shere, schere, O.E. scir^ The Yorks Shepley was Seppeleie and Scira is found as an A.-Sax. pers. name Scipelei in Domesday-Book; in Scheplay in the 8th cent. the 14th cent. Cp. Shipley. 2 Bel. to Shere (Surrey), I3th-I4th cent. Shire [the parish includes Shere Ebor- SHEPPARD 1 acum (which belonged to the House of SHEPPERD ^ = q.v. Shephe(a)rd, ' SHEPPHERD York), and Shere ' prob. represents O.E. J scir, a district, administration]

SHEPPEY"! (Eng.) Bel. to Sheppey (Kent), Note. Sheer or shere is a North, dialect-

the A.-Sax. Scedp-ig= Sheep-Isle ' SH EPPY J word meaning odd,' ' singular.' SHEPSTER = Shapster, q.v. SH ERG OLD (Eng.) a nickname = Bright or . . a shepsteres shere. Pure Gold [M.E. s{c)here, O.E. scir H- Piers Plowman, 8683. M.E. O.E. gold] SHEPTON (Eng) Bel. to Shepton = the Cp. the (rare) surname Purgold. Sheep-Enclosure [O.E. scedp + tHii] Shepton-Mallet, Soms., was so spelt a.d. (Celt.) the Ir. Seireadan, Siri- SHERIDAN ] 1317-18 ; Shepton-Montague, Soms., was SHEREDAN \dean (a nickname) = Satyr, a.d. Shepton Montagu 1314-15. SHERRIDAN J Wild Man [Ir. siride + the Cp. Shipton. dim. suif. -dn\ SHEPWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Sheep-Way According to Matheson's 'Varieties and or -Walk [O.E. scedp + weg] Synonymes of Surnames and Christian Names in Ireland,' igoi (p. 60), there are IhIrEr}= Shearer, q.v. current in various parts of that country eleven more or less corrupt variants of SHERARD I the A.-Sax. pers. name Sc(rh(e)ard 'Sheridan.' — Splendidly Brave [O.E. scir, bright, (Eng.) Bel. to Sheringham splendid + h{e)ard, hard, brave] SHERINGHAM (Norf.), A.-Sax. the 2 a contr. form of Sherwood, q.v. *Sc{ringa-hdm — Home OF THE ScfR- Family [O.E. scir, bright, 3 a sibilated form of Gerard, q.v. splendid -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. SHERATON (Eng.) Bel. toSheraton (Durham), -ing + hdm, home, estate] 14th cent. Shirveion, Shurveton = Sceorfa's or Scurfa's Estate [f.O.E. sceorf, scurf, SHERLEY, V.Shirley. scurf (used as a descriptive nickname: cp.

' Sorut(t)on) 4- tun, estate, farm, etc.] SHERLOCK (Eng.) i With Fair or White Hair [M.E. s{c)herej,schyr{e, etc., O.E. scir SHERBORN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sherborne, M.E. lok, O.E. SHERBORNE Sherbourne, or Sherburn = + locc] SHERBOURNE the Clear or Bright The form Schyrlok occurs in the 13th SHERBURN Stream [O.E. sclr, bright, cent. ; Shirlok in the 14th cent. SHERBURNE ; clear + burne (f.), hurna (m.), Cp. the surnames Whitelock and a brook] Silverlock. Sherborne, Dorset, occurs frequently in charters of A.-Saxon times, the earliest 2 Dweller at the Clear Stream [O.E. mention app. being a grant dated a.d. 671 scir -f- lacu\ by Coenwealh, king of Wessex, " sedi Cp. the Cheshire place-name Shurlach. pontiflcali Scireburnensis" ('Cart. Sax.' no. 26): in King jEifred's Will, as in the SHERMAN = Shearman, q.v. Chronicle A.D. 867, we find the normal In the Rolls of the Freemen of the City A.-Sax. dative form "set Scire burnan." - of Chester (1392-1700) 'sherman' occurs Sherburn in Elmet, Yorks, occurs in a frequently as a trade-name, e.g. charter A.D. 963 as "t6 Scke burnan." Nicholas Wilkynson, sherman, Sherbourn or Sherborne, Warw., was alias Nicholas Sherraon, A.D. 1476-7. Scirebume in Domesday-Book. Sherborn, — —

155 Sherra Shiell

SHERRA (Celt.) the Ir. Searrach (a nickname) ) (Eng.) to Shervington, i= the Colt [Ir. searrach, colt, filly] SHERVINGTON | Lanes (poss. Shevington, near Wigan, although this place occurs This name is sometimes used in Ireland in the 13th cent, as Shevinton and Shefinton), for Sheppard, Sherand, q.v. A.D. 1284-S Schuruyngton, Schureuyngton Cp- Sherry. (Lane. Assize-Rolls), a.d. 1354 Shurvyntoh (Lane. Fines), A.-Sax. *Scuffinga-tAn= the SHERRARD, v. Sherard. Estate of the Scurfa Family [the pers. name is a nickname f. O.E. scurf, SHERRAS, Shbrra's (Son) : v. Sherra [Eng. scurf genit. pi. of the fil. Suff. -ing genit. -j] -I- -inga, -I- tAn, farm, estate] SHERRATT I Dweller at the Sheer Gate or Cp. Scruton. Opening [O.E. seer-, f. sceran, scieran, to cut off or Sher- cut, shear (prt. j«(a)r, pp. scoren, SHERWELL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Sherwell at short, precipitous) 4- geat (M.E.yate), a SHERWILL J will (Devon) ; or Dweller the gate, opening] Clear Spring [O.E. scir, clear, pure -|- w{i)ella, wylla, a spring, well] A Scergeat is mentioned in the A.-Sax. Chronicle, A.D. 912. A scirviylla occurs in a charter by Offa, 2 a weak form of Sherrard, Sherard, A.D. 785. q.v. SHERWIN \ (Eng.) 1 for the U.'E,. Sherwynd, a nickname for a SHERRIFF (Eng.) Sheriff, Shire -Reeve SHERVJEH ] Scherewynd, [f. shear, [O.E. sclr-ge)refa] Fleet Runner O.'E.. sceran, to cut + wind, wind] A shirreve hadde he been, and a countour. Was nowher suCh a worthy vavasour. Peter Scherewynd. Hund. Rolls. ' Chaucer, Prol. Cant Tales, 359-6o. 2 for an A.-Sax. *Sclrwine = Splendid Friend [O.E. scir + wine, friend] SHERRIN I for Sherwin, q.v. (Eng.) Bel. to Sherwood (jNotts), 2 for Sherrihg = Shearing, q.v. SHERWOOD 14th cent. Sherwode, Shyrwode, 13th cent. dear, 3 for the French CfeW« [Fr. cher, Scher{e)wode, Scirewode, a.d. 958 Scirwudu beloved the dim. suff. -««] + : [the first element is ratherO.E.srfr,bright, SHERRING = Shearing, q.v. fight-coloured (cp. the Ger. Klarholz), than O.E. 5«V, district, shire] SHERRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sherrington, Will'us de Sherwode.— - ' A.-Sax, *Sciringa-tAn = . the Estate of Cal. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1325-6, THE ScfR- Family [O.E.^aV, bright, Ini- splendid 4- ringa, genit. pi. ot the fil. suff. And Robyn was in mery Scherwode.— -ing + tun, estate, etc.] Rohyn Hode and the Munke, 357. The Wilts place was Sherinton, A.D. SHEWALD(Scand.)SEA-RuLER[O.N.Si(;«aW-r 1321-2. (mod.Norw. SjSvald)—sj6-r, sea -|- uald-r, ruler] SHERRY (Celt.) for the Irish i MacSearraigh = Son of Searrach, i.e. the Colt [Ir. SHEWAN (Scand.) Sea -Used [this name searrach, genit. searraigh, a colt, filly] corresponds exactly to the Swei.sjowan 2 O'Searraigh = Grandson of Sear- (sj as sh) (Dan.-Norw. sovant), f.O.N. sj6-r, rach. sce-r, sea -t- uan-r, used, wontj This is muqh more probable, for several q.v. SHERSON for Sherston, reasons, than the suggested derivation from an O.^orseSiguanXO.^.sig-r, victory (Eng.) Bel. to Sherston (Wilts) SHERSTON + «rf«, hope], which, in any case, would [If this place (as has been claimed; is the be a fem. name. Sceorstdn where Eadmund fought Cnut in 1016 the name evid. means the 'Projecting SHEWARD (Scand.) Sea -Guardian [O.N. Rock,' f. O.E. sceorian, to project, jut out, Sjouar^-r, Sjpuor'S-r— sjo-r, sea -1- -uar^-r,

', + stdn, stone, rock, Oh the other hand, ud>^, guard, guardian] Sherston rarely occurs with -stan or -stone Cp. Seward. in the i3th-i5thcent.:e.g. we find Shereston, A.D. 1247-8, Schireston, 1322-3, Sherston, SHEWELL for Shewald, q.v. 1414-S, implying "Scir's Estate.' But the Cp. Sewell. speUing Shorstan of the Wilts place-name in 1 25 1-2 (Charter-Rolls) is strong evidence SHIEL \ (Scand.) Dweller at a Hut or Shed in favour of an orig. Sceorstdn, as .above. SHI ELL J [Scand. skiul {ski or skj as'shi), O.N. Sherston is situated " on an eminence "| sk(0l, sk^li, a shed, ^elter^ — ; :; '

156 Shield Shinkins

The swallows jintin' round my shiel tumulus : the first element is prob. a pers.

Amuse me at my spinning-wheel. name (v. Shilling) ; but the possibility of

I Burns, ' Bess,' 23-4. its being the Scot, shieling, a shed, hut (v. the (Celt.) the Irish Siadhail, a nickname = Shiel', and with sufi. -ing) cannot be excluded] Sloth ! [Ir. siadhail, sloth, sluggishness] SHILLINGSWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at Scill- SHIELD (Eng.) i Dweller at the sign of the ing's Estate [A.-Sa.-x..*Scillinges-wor\f :v. Shield [O.E. sc{i)eld, scyld] under Shilling, and -j- O.E. wot^, estate, 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Sceld, Scild, ' farm] Scyld = Shield, Protection. name, occurring There has been some confusion with SHILLITO \ This uniformly a.d. Shiel, q.v. SHILLITOE in the Yorks PoU-Tax, 1379, SHILLITTO -as Selito, in 1397-8 as Shelito SHIELDS (Scand.)Bel. to Shields; or Dweller SHILLETO ('Notes and Queries,' 2Sth Apl. at the Huts or Sheds [v. Shiel'] SHILITO / '14, p. 335) undoubtedly presents difficulties, chiefly owing to the lack of South Shields " was called Le Sheeles, earlier forms. ' It has been suggested that from the sheds built along the shore by it represents a Norman place-name S/7eto/ the fishermen of the Tyne."—iVat. Gaz. but I cannot trace such a place-name; and, The spelling in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. in any case, in the 14th cent, we should 1379 was Scheles. expect the retention in the surname of the (Eng.) Shield's (Son): v. Shield. final -t. As it is "a great Yorkshire name" it is prob. Scandinavian, and the second (Celt.) = ShieP (q.v.) with the E. genit. element may be the O.N. td (Swed. taa, •s suff. prou. almost toe), a path, walk, sheepwalk, cattle-run (rather than fof the a SHIELS (Scand.) pi. of ShleP, q.v. O.E. ho, hill, promontory), with the first element (Celt.) = ShieP (q.v.) with the E. genit. either O.N. skiol (sk before i normally -J suff. palatalized to sK), a shiel, shed, shelter, or (Eng.) for Shields', q.v. O.N. sei (genit. pi. sella), a shed on a moun- tain-pasture. I'he surname now occurs as SHIER = Shere, q.v. both Sillito(e and Shillito(e, &c. Guppy,

' Homes of Family-Names ' (p. 550), says SHIERS = Shears, q.v. "Shropshire contains both these forms, SHIERSON = Shearson, q.v. Staffordshire has Sillitoe with Sillito, and the West Riding has Shillitoe." SHILCOCK \ I'he first element has been SHILLCOCKJ thought to be that seen in SHILTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shilton, for Shelton, Sheldrake, q.v. (the sheldrake and shel- q.v. duck were sometimes called sheld-fowl) The Warw. Shilton was Scelftone in but it is much more Hkely to be the pial. Domesday-Book. E. skill, shrill [O.E. scyl, resounding, noisy -|- cocc, a cock] SHIMELD, V. Shemeld. SHILDRICK for Sheldrake, q.v. SHIMMIN Vfrom the IVIanx double dim. form SHILLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax, tiers, name SHIMMING Simeen {or Mac Simeen)oi Simon,

e.g. ' 1. SHIMMEN q.v. [IManx dim. suff. = Ir. Scilling, occurring in WidsiS,' 207 ; -een found in the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls as SHIMMAN I in] Scilling, Schilling, Schelling, the last being SHINE (Celt.) the Irish Seighin, a dim. of Ir. the present-day Dutch form [f. the O.E. s^igh = Falcon, [Ir. monetary unit scilling, m.] Hawk dim. suff. in] Not, however, SHILLINGFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Shillingford without confusion with (Berks, Devon, Oxf.) [The Berks place the Ir. seighion, ' champion.' seems to be the A.-Sax. Scaringaford (a.d. SHINER (Eng.) a nickname or occupati ve name 931), i.e. the ' Ford of the Scar- Family' [f. IVI.E. schynen, O.E. scinan, to shine] (cp. O.E. sc{e)ar, a shear or ploughshare) place (a.d. i 14-1 but the'Devon 3 S Schilling- SHINGLER (A.-Lat.) Roofer, Tiler, i.e. with

the Oxf. hamlet denote , ford) and prob. shingles or wood-laths [f. M.E. shingle for fords where a charge was made (cp. Guild- shindle ; Lat. scindula, a shingle] ford) and therefore contain the O.E. s«7W«^, shilling, a monetary unit] SHINGLETON (Eng.) a-palatal form of Single- ton, q.v. SHILLINGLAW(Eng.)Bel.to ShiUinglaw [The second element is the O.E. hHw, a hill, SHINKINS for Jenkins, q.v. ; — '

157 Shinn Shore

SHINN, a weak form of Sheen, q.v. SHI REMAN (Eng.) Official; Steward; or District There may have been confusion with Sheriff; Native of a Shire [O.E. sclr(e)mann] Chinn, q.v. The name can hardly be the

' ' O.E. scinnifl, demon,' spectre.' , In Eastern England ' Shireman ' denotes one who is not a native of Norfolk, Suffolk, SHINNER (Eng.) Wizard, Magician [O.E. or Essex. scinnere] g.v. of , SHIP \ (Eng.) Dweller at the sign of the Ship SHIRES, genit. Shire, SHIPP; [O.E. s«>] SHIRLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Shirley ; or Dweller at [O.E. scir SHIPHAM » (Eng.)Bel.toShiphara;or Dweller I the Bright or White Lea -h ledh'\ SHIPPAM J at the Sheep-Encbosure [O.E. sc^ap, scip + hamm, eliclosure] 2 the Shire- or Parish-Lea [O.E. scir, district, parish, shire] SHIPLEE 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shipley; or Dweller

SHI PLEY J at the Sheep-Lea [O.E. scSap, scip -Shirley, Hants, was Shirle, a.d. 1326-7;

, +UaK\ Shirley, Derby, was Scherlay in the late A Hampshire charter a.d. 909 has 't6 14th cent. scipUage' (dat. form). Cp. Sherley. The Yorks Shipley occurs as Scipeleia in Domesday-Book. ' SHIRREFF = Sherrlff, q.v.

(Eng.) Dweller at the White SHIPMAN (Eng.) I Sailor, Skipper [M.E. SHI RTCLI FF(E \ s{c)hip'man, O.E. scipmann\ SHIRTLIFF(E J or Shining Cliff [O.E. scir clif] A shipman was ther, wonynge [dwelling] + fer by waste This is specifically a Yorks surname, For aught I woot he was of Dertemouthe. found as Shirclyf a.d. 1379 and Sheircliffe —Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, A 388-9. and Sherclyffin the early 17th cent.

(occ.) 2 Sheep - Man, i.e. Shepherd SHMITH for Smith, q.v. [the -h- is prob. due [O.E. sceap, scip mann\ + to German influence]

SHIPPARD \ (Eng.) r Shepherd [O.E. Bel. to Shobrooke SHOBBROOK \ (Eng.) SHIPPERD sctphierde] is / SHOBROOK J (Devon) [the first element

3 for Shipwardi q.v. doubtful ; but the occurrence of Sholbrook and Sholebrook, and the analogy of (Eng,) Sailor [M.E. s{c)hippere, O.E. SHIPPER > Woburn (O.E. wdh, crooked), make it prob. scipere] that it represents the O.E. scedlh, crooked, q.v. SHIPPEY ^ Sheppey, if not M.E. shold, O.E. scedld, shallow]

SHIPSTER (Eng.) i Steersman, Pilot [O.E. SHOEBRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the scipsiiera'] Sheep-Ridge [O.E. scedp + hrycg] 2 Barge-Woman [=Shippep,but with the fem. agent, suff. -ster, O.E. -estre] SHOEBROOK = Sho(b)brook, q.v.

- SHIPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shipton, 13th 14th SHOESMITH \(Eng.) Farrier [O.E. scd{h, , cent. Shipton, Schipton = the Sheep-Farm SHOOSMITH J shoe -1- smip, smith] [O.E. sceap, scip, sheep + tun, enclosure, farm, etc.] SHOLTO (Celt.) The available evidence is not sufficient to show whether this name Cp. Shepton and Skipton. ^ is f. Gael, and Ir. siolta, a teal, sioltaich, a. SHIPWARD (Eng.) Shipmaster, Skipper goosander, or f. sial, m., seed, race, clan, [O.E. scipw{e)ard\ with the plen. suff. -tach. (Eng.) Dweller at a Sheep-Wash SHIPWASH SHONE, an Irish form (Seon) of John, q.v. [O.E. sc4apwasce, place for washing sheep] SHOOLBRED (Eug.) School-Bred; a nick- = q.v. SHIPWAY Shepway, name dating irom days when education SHIRD was not so widespread [a palatal form of SHIRT for Sheapd, q.v. ' school' (cp. Ger. schule, school), M.E. scale, Lat. schold] SHIRE (Eng.) i Dweller at a Shire \^..'S,.shire, SHOPP (Eng.) Dweller at a Shop [O.E.

, scir^ district, parish, diocese] schire ; OiE. sceoppa, a stall, booth] Gregory atte Shire. SHORE (Eng.) . Dweller at the Shore or Cal. Wills Ct. Husting, A.D. 1397. Strand [M.E. schore \ prob. f. O.E.

2 = q.v. [cp. Dial. E. clear] . sc(f)orian, to project] Shore, jAw, , — — — — : ——

J58 Shoreditch Shrimpton

(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Sewer or E. H. H. Shorting of Broseley, Salop, has Drain [O.Fr. sewiere, a sluice, channel; given me the forms Shorting, Shortinge, essouere, a drain, ditch] Shortyng, Shortyn^e, as occurring in i6th- Robert del Shore. cent. East-Anglian deeds. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1374. SHORTIS, Short's (Son): v. Short. SHOREDITCH (A.-Fr. + E.) Bel. to Shore- ditch, 14th cent. Shordych(e = the Sewer- SHOTBOLT (Eng.) a nickname for a Cross- Ditch [v. under Shore", and + M.E. bowman [f. O.E. scedtan, to shoot -|- holt] dych(e, dich{e, O.E. d{c\ Thomas Shotbolt. To the soutere of Southwerk, Close Rolls, A.D. 1456-7. Or of Shordyche dame Emme^ Piers Plowman, 8707-8, SHOTT (Eng.) i Dweller at a Nook or Corner The author of the old ballad 'Jane [Dial. E. sh6t{t ; O.E. scedt, a corner, pro- Shore' believed that Shoreditch owed its jection] name to Edward the Fourth's favourite 2 Quick, Ready [O.E. sceSt] mistress ! The which now, since my dying daye, SHOTTER (Eng.) i = Shott' (q.v.) + the Is Shoredttch call'd, as writers saye. agent, suff. -er.

l.l- 133-4- 2 Shooter [f.O.E. scedtan, to shoot ; with SHOREHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Shoreham (Kent the £. agent, suff. -er]

A.D. 822 Scorham ; Sussex : a.d. 1315-16 There has prob. been some confusion Shoreham \pS.scor- {—O.'ii. skor), a score, with Shorter, q.v.

notch, cleft, rift -J- hamim, an enclosure] SHOTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Shotton = the No6k- SHORLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Shore- Farm [v. under Shott', and -|- O.E. tun,

Land [v. Shore', and -t- M.E. O.E. land] farm, estate, etc.] The Northumberland place occurs as SHpRROCK (Eng,) Bel. to Shorrock (Lanes), Shotton A.D. 1269-70. 13th cent. Shorrok [doubtful : perh. f. the pp., scoren (shorn, precipitous), of O.E. SHOUBRIDGE, V. Shoebridge.

seeran, to shear, cut -f- M.E. rok, O.E. -rocc, a rock] SHOULDHAM, v. Shuldham.

SHORT "1 (Eng.) Little [M.E. s(f)hort, O.'E. SHOULDING, a palatal form of Scolding, q.v. SHORTTj scl,e)ori\ SHOVEL (Scand.) for the O^Scand. Sjdvald-r= See the note under Shorting. Sea-Rijler [O.N. sjS-r, sea+vald-r, ruler]

In Ireland, ' Short ' has sometimes been SHOVELLER 1 (Eng.) Shoveller (of Corn, used to represent the synonymous Ir. SHOULER \&cA [M.E. schovel, show(e)l, Gearr (or McGirr). SHOWLER J O.E. scofl, a shovel+the agent. SHORTALLl (Eng.) Dweller at the SHORT suff. -er, O.E. -ere] SHORTELL/NoOK [O.E. sc(e)ort, short -|- SHOWELL (Eng.) i Bel. to Showell (Oxon), heal(h, nook] A.D. 1238-9 Shuwell = the Dark Well SHORTER (Eng.) (the) Littler [compar. of [O.E. scu{w)a, shadow, darkness -|-w(i)eWa, Short] a spring] = q.v. SHORTHOSE (Eng.) a nickname from Short 2 Shewell,

Hose [O.E. sc(e)ort, short -t- hosa, pi. hosan, SHREEVE hose, stockings] SHREVE \ = Sherplff, q.v. SHORTING (Eng.) Dweller at the Short SHRIEVE J Meadow [O.E. ic(e)ort, short -|- O.North. SHRE;WSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Shrewsbury, and East.E. ing (O.N. eng), meadow] the A.-Sax. Scrobbesburh — Scrobb's There does not seem to be any record Stronghold [the pers. name (in the of the use of sc(e)ort as a pers. name genit.) is a masc. var. of O.E. scrybh, among the Anglo-Saxons (the Scoria quoted underwood + burh, a fortified place] by Searle, 'Onomas. A.-Sax.', p. 41 1, is due Richard, the son of Scrob, as well as to his mistaking the ordinary adjective in Richard's son Osberti, held lands under a local name for a proper name), although King Eadward in the counties of Hereford, there is, of course, no reason why it should Worcester, and Salop. not have be^n used as a nickname (cp. Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 311. \ 'Pepin le Bref ') ; and this fact makes it improbable that the second element in SHRIMPTON (Eng.). Littleseems to be known

' Shorting ' is the O.E. 'son' suffix. On the of the surname (fairly common in Oxford- other hand, there are various instances of shire) beyond the apparent fact that

its use in A,-Sax. local names ; and Mr. "from the reign of James L to that of —

159 Shrosbree 5ibery

George III. sixteen mayors of Wycombe hair] and prob. has nothing to do with the [Bucks] bore this name." It may denote M.E. Syloch, which represents the A.-Sax. 'the Farm or Estate of Shrimp,' a nickname Sigeldc, ' Victorious Contest.'

[IM.E. shrimp, a shrimp ; f. O.E. scrimman, ' to be drawn up or bent (of limbs but '] ; SIBARY, V. Slbery. not imposs. a corrupt (metathesized) form of a name like Shervinton. SIBB I a contr. of Sibyl, Sibil, Fr. Sibille, Ital. Lat. GT.Xt^v\U, a Sibyl or SHROSBREE for Shrewsbury, q.v. Sibilla, Sibylla, prophetess [the deriv. from the stem of the SHRUBSOLE (Eng.) If the modern form may Lacon. ZhSs for Attic Geiis, God, and a weak be trusted (early forms seem to be dial, form of Attic /3o»Xi}, counsel, is not lacking) the name denotes ' the Shrubby universally accepted] Marsh' or ' Moss' [f. a var. of O.E. scrybb, 2 for the A.-Sax. Sib{b)a, f. (a) A.-Sax. underwood + O.E, sol, mud, a moss or j/JJ.relationship.peace, happiness (whence boggy place (Kent. dial, sole, a muddy contr. of the E. sib, a relation) ; (6) a pet pond] Sigeb- names, such as Sigeb(.e)ald (v. Sib- bald"), Sigeber{h)t (v. Sebright'), Sigeboda SHUBOTHAM, prob. a contr. of Shuffle- (v. Slbbott>). both am, q.v. = SHUBRICK SIBBALD (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Sigeb{e)ald for Shob(b)rook, q.v. Victoriously Bold [O.E. sige = O.Sax. SHUBROOK [ O.H.Ger. sigi = Goth, sigi-s = O.N. Jie-r,

SHUFFLEBOTHAM "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Shuffle- victory -|- O.E. b{e)ald = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. = Goth. *bal^-s = O.N. ball-r, bold] SHUFFLEBOTTOM I bottom or Shipple- bald bottom (Lanes), A.D. 1323 Shipwallebothum, 2 the A.-Sax. SdRb{.e)ald = Sea-Bold A.D. 1285 Schipwallebothon, Schyppewalle- [O.E. sA = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sSo = Goth. hothem, and Schyppewellehothem = the saiw-s = O.N. sA-r, sea + bald, as above] Sheep-Well Valley [O.E. sclp, sheep A SAbald is recorded in the A.-Saxon + welle, a well, spring + hotm, a bottom, genealogies as a descendant of Woden valley] and a progenitor of the kings of Deira. SHUFFREY, a sibilated form of GeolTpey, q.v. SIBBERING. The earliest forms of this name SHULDHAM 1 (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Should- that Mr.G.T. Sibbering,ofNewport (Mon.), SHULDAM jham (Norf.), 13th cent. Shuld- has succeeded in tracing axeSybbering, a.d. ham = Skiold's Home or Estate [O.N. 1643, and Sibbring, a.d. 1655. Phonetically, skiold-r, Dan.-Norw. skiold (with sk- before the name could represent an A. - Sax.

i palatalized to shield ' sh-), a + M.E. ham, Sigeburhing (with the son ' suff -ing); but O.E. hdm(p.N. heim-r), home, &c.] Si^eJMrAisa fem. name. He finds the ndme Prior' de Shuldham. Sidbrincke in 1560, Sydbrinche, in 1569 and Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1250-1. Sidbrinkeini6og; Sibbrinke in i62/i. These surnames, which are app. local names SHUR(R)EY, app. a form of Surrey, q.v. of Continental Teut. origin, may be the originals of Sibbering. SHUTE 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at a Shoot or

SHUTT J Shut, i.e. a narrow lane or avenue SIBBET

[Dial. E. shoot, shut; f. O.E. sceStan, to SIBBETT • - Sibb (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim. suff. shoot, riin (of a road] SIBBITT -et. 2 Archer [O.E. scytta\ Cp. Sibbot(t. 3 Quick, Ready [O.E. scedtl SIBBOT 1 I = Sibb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. Cp. Cockshoot ; and Shott. SIBBOTT J suff. -ot.

SHUTER (Eng.) Shooter ; Archer [O.E. Cp. Sibbet(t. scytere'\ 2 for the A.-Sax. Sigebod{a (LowGer. and SHUTTLEWORTH(Eng.) Bel. to Shuttleworth Fris. Sibod) = Victorious Messenger (Lanes), 14th cent. Shutelesworth, 13th cent. [O.E. sige, victory -|- boda, messenger] Shyotlesworth = Scytel's Estate [the pers. name is f. the O.E. scytel, m., a dart, SIBBS, Sibb's (Son): V. Sibb. missile (E. sfiuttle) + O.E. wor^, estate, farm, etc.] SIBERY (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. fem. pers. name Sigeburh = Victorious StRjOng- SHYLOCK is app. a shortened form of the M.E. hold [O.E. sige, victory -1- burh, a fortified Schyrlok (Hund. Rolls), i.e. White Hair place] [O.E. sclr, bright, white + locc, lock of hair; 2 for SIdbury, q.v. —— —— ,

i6o Sibley Sid(e)n]an

SIBLEY= Sibyl or Sibil (v. under Sibb') + the SI D B U RY(Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Sidbury(Castle) E. dim. suff. -y, -ie. (Devon: a.d. 1337-8 Sydebiry) = the Stronghold on the R. Sip [the river- Thomas Sihe\y.—Hund. Rolls- name is prob. Ce|t. and conn, with Wei. Geoffrey Sibilie.^ do. sid, a winding: 1- O.'E. burh, a fortified * place] SIBLING (Eng.) Kinsman [O.E. sibbling] (Eng.) Bel. to Sidbury (Salop, Wilts, SIBORNE (ScandJ the O. Scand. SigbVam = &c.) = the Broad or Big Fortification [O.E. Victorious Bear [O.N. sig-r, victory + sid -f burJi] biBm, bear] SIDDALL \ (Eng.) i Bel. to Siddall ; or Dwel- (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Sigebeorn = Victori- SIDDELL J ler at {a) the Wide Dale [O.E. sid ous Warrior [O.E. sige, victory + beam, + dceh the Wide Nook or Corner [O.E! warrior] , (6)

sid -I- heal{h~\ The A. - Saxon name was used as an The Yorks Siddall was Sydall a.d. 1379, equivalent of the Norse name. as was the Lanes place a.d. 1548. SIBRAY 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name S!ife/= Broad, SIBREE = Sibery, q.v. Big [O.E. sid, wide, big -1- the dim. suff.

SIBREY . -el]

SIDDALLS, pi., and genit., of Siddall, q.v. SIBSON I Sib(b)'s Son: v. SIbb. Thomas de Sidales. Thomas Sibson. Lane. Ing., A.D. 1323, Yorlis Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SIDDELEY (Eng.)Bel.toSid(d)ley; orDwel- 2 Bel. to Sibson or Sibston = Sibbe's I SIDDLEY Ueratthe Broad Lea [O.E.sid+ Farm oV Estate [v. under Sibb', and + SIDLEY J ledh] O.E, tuti] But the Leicester Sibson was formerly SIDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Siddington, the Sibstone, and the second element may be A.-Sax. *Sidinga-tlin = the Estate of the

' O.E. sldn, a rock,' ' stone castle.' Sid(a Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. sid, broad, big, or O.E. sidu, chastity + -inga, (Eng.) Bel. to Sibthorpe (Notts), SIBTHORPE genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, 13th cent. Sybethorp, Sibbeth0rp=SiB{B)A's etc.] Estate [v. under Sibb', and + O.E. )forp, Richard de Sidinton.

, farm, estate] Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4. at SICKELMORE\(Eng.) Dweller (app.) SIDDON (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Sidon, f. Sicel's [for SICKLEMORE I orSicoL's Moor (with dim., or accus., suff. -o)n) the O.Teut. the pers.name see under Sioklinghall, and Sido [prob. f. the stem sid-, seen in O^Sax. + M.E. more, O.E. mdr, a moor] and O.E. sidu = Goth, sidu-s, m., custom, Poss. the place is the Suflolk hamlet habit, (also) chastity] (Eng.) Bel. to Siddon or Sidon = the Sicklesmere ; but some, at any rate, of the Sickelmores may owe their name to the Broad Hill [O.E.«W, broad -f- dtin, a hill] Staffs Silkmore;, in Domesday Selchmore, There is a Sidon Hill in Hants. 14th cent. Silkemor, Selkemer, Selkmore, doubtless representing a.nA.-Sa.x.*Seolcan- SIDDONS, Sid(d)on's (Son) : v. Siddon. mSr = Seolca's Moor [pers. name a nick- SIDE (Eng.) Broad, Big [M.E. side, O.E. sid] name f. O.E. seolc, m., silk]

SIDEBOTTOM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Sidebottom SIOKLINGHALL (Eng.) Bel. to SickHnghall ; SIDEBOTHAM (or Dweller at the Broad (Yorks), the Domesday SicKw^-a/, O.Angl. Valley [O.E. sid, broad -f botm, a bottom, *Sicolinga-hall = the Hall of the Sicol valley] FAMlLYfthe pers. name is evid. a nickname The name occurs iii i5th-cent. Cheshire from O.E. sicol (Lat. secula),m.,z. sickle -|- records as Sidbothom, Sidebotham. -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + ball, a hall] Cp. Longbottom. SIDES, Side's (Son): v. SICKMAN (Eng. or Scand.) Sike-Ma'n [Dial. Side.

' stream or rill ; SID(E)MAN (Eng.) the E. sick, a small ' O.E. sic A.-Sax. Sideman [the = O.N. sik, a ditch, watercourse] first element here is rather O.E. side- (as Ricardus Sykman. in sidefull,c\izsie., respectable, good),f. sidu, chastity, than Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. O.E.,j/rf, broad: cp. the corresp.O.N. «1Sa-»ja'S-r,'a well-bred man'] — — ,

i6i Sidgreaves Silvanus

SIDGREAVES(Enjg.)Bel.toSidgreaves(LanCs), SIGGIN (Teut.) for the O.Teut. Sigeixiine, 13th cent, (de) Sydegreves, Sidegreves — Sigwin, &c. = Victorious Friend [O.E. the Wide Groves [O.E. sld + grcefas\ sige = O.Sax.O.H.Ger. sigi = O.N. sig-r (=Goth. sigi-s), victory -|- O.E. wine = SIDGWICK = Sedgwick, q.v. O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wini = O.N. uin-r, friend]

SIDLESHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sidlesham (Suss.), Sigewine occurs in the Liber Vitse Dunelm. 7th cent. Sideleshdm = Sidel's Home [v. SIGGINS, SiGGlN's(Son). under Siddell', and + O.E. hdm, home, estate] SIGGS, Sigg's (Son): v. Sigg.

S I D N EY (A.-Fr.-Lat. &c.) i for the Lat. Stdoni-us form Syl

tsudh, to lay snares ; but ace. to Josephus the port owed its name and origin to Sidon SILCOCKS SILCOX I Silcock's (Son), the firstborn of Canaan {Gen. x. 15]

2 Bel. to St. Denys or St. Denis (Nor- SILK "1 (Eng.&c.') a nickname and trade-name

mandy) [v. under Dennis] SILKE J from the material [O.E. seoloc, seolc = O.N. silki; of East, orig.] St. Denis is a common French ecclesias- tical village-name; and it is doubtless the Cp. Cotton. preponderating source of 'Sidney.' We find the pers. name Sylc, Seolc{a, in

Will'us Sidney. A.-Saxon times ; and here the possibility Inq. a. q. Damn., A.D. 1324-5. of the name being f. O.E. seolQi, m., a seal (animal), with the dim. suff. -oc, cannot be Will'us Sydney.— excluded. Rot. Chart., A.D. 1446-7.

SILKI N = Sil(l, q.v. the E. dim. suff. -kin SI DWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Sidwell (Hants; -f- [O.LGer. -k-in\ Devon) = the Broad Well [O.E. sid , + wit^elld] SILKMAN = Silk, q.v. -)- E. man. Cp. Bradweil. Thomas Silkman. SIEBERT, a French form of the Teut. Sigebert: Chse Rolls, A.D. 1377. V. under Sebright'. SILKSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Silksworth (Dur- SlEMMSl ham), loth cent. Sylceswyr'S = Sylc's _ S'"'^'„!,„= n„ SIEMS } - "l-'- Farm or Estate [v. under Silk, and + O.E. wyt^, weor^, farm, etc.] SIEVEKING seems to be for the O.Norse SILL, a contr. of i Silvester, q.v. SiiSviking-r, denoting one belonging to SflS(a)vik [O.N. sOS-r, south + vtk, inlet, 2 Silvanus, q.v. bay] 3 Cecil, q.v. SIEVER (Scand.) the Norse Siver, Syver for Stgvard, O.Norse Sigvar'S-r, Sigvor'S-r = IIller) = ®®"*''' ^^"^''' "i"- Victorious Guard [O.N. sig-r, victory+ guard] vSi^-r, SILLIFANT, a West. Eng. form of Sullivan, SIEVEWRIGHT (Eng.) Sieve-Maker [O.E. q.v. sife + wyrhtd\ SILLIMAN : V. under Seel(e)y,and -f- E. man, SIGG (Teut.) I a contr. of one or other of the O.E. mann. numerous Teut. Sig- names [O.Teut. sig-, ' The corresponding German is victory] name Seligmann. An 8th-cent. Bishop of Selsey, Sigefrith, V. was familiarly known as Sigga, which also S1LLIT0(E : Slli|lito(e.

occurs as an O.Dan, name ; the fdrra in I Sill's (Son) : the i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls (Norf.) being SILLS v. Sill. Sigge. (pec.) 2 a var. of Sells, q.v.

2 Man, Warrior [f. O.N. segg-r— O.E. SILLSON, Sill's Son: v. Sill. secg'\

SIGGER, a form of Seger, Segar(q.v.), esp. 2. S I LVA NUS(Lat.)BELONGiNGTOA Wood [Lat. Silvanus, god of forests ; f. silva, a wood, JIGGERS. SiGGER's (Son), forest] ' —— — . ;

Silverlock Simond

SILVERLOCK (Eng.) With Silver (white) And Leah . . . bare a son, and said.

Hair [O.E. silfer, seolfor, silver + locc, Because the Lord hath heard . . hair] —Gen., xxix. 32-3.

SILVERMAN, an Anglicization of the Ger. And }>4 waes &.n man pn Hierusalem, SlLBERMANN, q.v. in the Appendix of Jjses nama waes Simedn- Foreign names. —St. Luke, ii. 25, A.-Sax. vers. SILVERSIDE (Eng.) Bel. to Silverside; or ?Sor [there] cam Sat brotSer Symeon.— Dweller at the White (Hill-) Side [Dial. I3th-cent. metr. vers. Gen. and Ex., 2266.

E. silver, white ; O.E. seolfor, silver + E. Sime's (Son) : v. SIme. side, O.E. side"] SIMES, John de Sylversyd. SIMEY = Si me (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y. Preston Guild-Soils, A.D. 1397. Bot quhair that Symy levit in synyng. SILVERS! DES, pi., and genit., of Silverside. —Symmie and his Bruder, i^-' SILVERSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Silverstone; or SIM ISTER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Summary- or Precis- Dweller at the White Stone or Rock Writer [M.E. sUmmister, summayster, &c. [Dial. E.iiter, white; O.E. seolfor, silver + O.Fr. som, Lat. summa, sum, main point O.E. stdn, stone, rock, stone castle] + O.Fr. maistre, Lat. magister, master] But Silverstone, Northants, occurs in (Eng.) Sempstress, Dressmaker [O.E. Domesday-Book as Silvestone and Selve- siamestre'] stone. SIMKIN = Sim (q.v.) -J- the E. (double) dim. This name is often an Anglicization of suff. -kin [O.Low Ger. -fe-j»] the Ger. Silberstein, q.v. in the Appendix of Foreign Names. SIMKINS, Simkin's (Son) "1 c:™i,:„ '^^ =»""'^'"- SILVERTHORN \ (Eng.) Dweller by a SIMKINSON, Simkin's SpNj SILVERTHORNE J White Thorn [DiaL E. like a dim. of Simon, silver, white; O.E. seolfor, silver + O.E. SIMM, Sim, Simeon, forw, thorn-tree] q.v. SIMMANCElr„, SILVERWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at a W'hite )for Simmons,e:„^„„= q.v.„„ Wood (as of silver-birches) [Dial. E. silver, SIMMINS

white ; O.E. seolfor, silver -i^ O.E. wudu, a I (with the common post -« intrus. wood] SIMMOND '-d) for Simon, Simeon, q.v.

SILVESTER (Lat.) Bel. to a Wood ; Wild 2 V. Simond''. [Lat. Silvester, f. silva, a wood, forest] form the - cent. Hundred- SIMMONDS The in 13th Simmon(d)'s (Son). Rolls was usually Silvestre. SIMMONS I

(Son): v. SIM, a dim. of Simon, Simeon, q.v. SIMMS, SIMM's SImm. Thomas Symme. SIMNER I for Sumner, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SIMNOR Bayth Sym and his bruder. SIMNETT Simonett, q.v. Symmie and his Bruder, 10. SIMNITT (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)Bel.to Ste. Barbe SIMBARB SIMON I a form of Simeon, q.v. The of (Normandy) [Barbe is a French form Heb. name seems eventually to have be- Barbara : v. under Babb'] come confused with the Gr. nickname This name was Latinized de Sancta Sim6n (St/idx), 'snub-nosed.' Barba. . . . and his broSru lacob, and Joseph, SIMCOCK = Sim (q.v.) -f the E. pet sufi. and Simon.— cock. St. Matthew, xiii. 55, A.-Sax. vers. In the 14th cent, we find the forms 2 There has been some confusion with and Simecok Symekok. Simond', q.v. SIMOOCKSi ' Simcock's (Son). I (with the SIMCOX j SIMOND common post -» intrus. -4) for Simon, Simeon, q.v. SIME, like Sim, a dim. of Simon, Simeon, q.v. 2 for the A.-Sax. Sigemund and O.N. Sigmund, Domesday Simund = Victori- Nowlhir Syme nor his bruder.— ous Protector [O.E. sige — O.N. sigr, Symmie and his Bruder, 20. victory-i-O.E.O.N. mund, hand, protector]

SIMEON (Heb.) the Heb. Shim'6n (Gr. Su/teiii') Corresponding to the Sigemunt of the [f. the root shdma', to hear] 'Nibeliingenlied,' ; —

;63 Simonds Sitton

SIWIONDS, SwoND's (Son). (occ.) (Eng.) descendants (esp. Sinnott) of the A.-Sax. pers. name Sigen&S = SIMONETT = Simon (q.v.) + the Fr.Aim.-et. Victorious Boldness [O.E. sige, victory + nSS, boldness] SIIVIONS, Simon's (Son) ) „. ^- ^""O"- SIIV10NS0N, Simon's Son \ SIRE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lord, Master [A.-Fr. sire,

O.Fr. senre ; Lat. senior, older] SIIVIPKIN (with the common post-wj intrus. -p) for Siml—sigg, victory -1- l>ryl>, clar-us, clear, bright, illustrious] strength] have had little or no surnominal influence. This name was Latinized in mediaeval deeds de Sancto Claro. (A,-Fr.-Lat.) = Sire (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -et. SINCOCK for Simcock, q.v.

SIRES, (the) Sire's (Son) : v. Sire. SINCOX for Simcox, q.v.

SIRRELL I like Serrell, a var. of Serle, q.v. ^^"^^ °f Sendall for Sandall, q.v. Iindell} 2 poss. there has been some confusion with Cyril, Fr. Cyrille, Gr. Kyrillos (KiptWos) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Single, Lonely; Pure, SINGLE [f. Gr. Kipios, a lord, master] ' Simple, Innocent [M.E. and Dial. E.

single, singel, sengel, etc. ; O.Fr. sengle, SISON 1 (A.-rr.-Lat.) 1 Siss's or Ciss's Son: single,etc.; Lat. singul-us, single, separate] SISSON J Ciss, a dim. of Cicdy or Cecilia [Lat. Ceecilia, fem. of Cacilius; app.f.Lat. ctscus, SINGLEHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Singlehurst blind] [the second element is M.E. hurst, O.E. 2 a double dim. of Cicely or Cecilia [Fr. hyrst, a wood, copse : the first may be dim. suff. M.E. singeHScaad. sing(e)t)i shingle; M.E. -on'] single, sipgle (cp. the Suss, place-name In theYorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, we find Singlecross) ; or the pers. name seen in the variant surnominal forms Sisson, Singleton] Cisson, and Cysson,

SINGLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Singleton (Lanes: Larchey, 'Diet, des Noms' (p. 442), con- 1 2th cent. Singelton, Domesday SzK^fe<«« siders Sisson to be a derivative of Francis,

Sussex : a.d. 1337-8 Singleton) [the first which does not seem very probable. element seems to be the A.-Sax, pers. for name Sengel, occurring in a charter dated SISSERSON Sister>son,q.v. A.D. in the wood -name 664 Senglesholt, SISSISSON for Sissotson, q.v. which has been identified with Singlesole,

Canibs (this charter, 'Cart. Sax.' no. 22, SISSONS, Sisson's (Son) : v. Sisson'.

may not, however, be genuine) ; the pers. SISSOT = Siss or CiSs (v. under name prob. being conn, with O.E. singal, Sis(s)on)-f- the Fr. di;m. suff. -ot. constant, persevering: f- O.E.

164 Sivewright Skelton

SIVEWRIGHT = Sievewr-ight, q.v. SKEAVINGTON, v. Skefflngtjn.

SIVIER (Eng.) I Sieve-Maker. SKEEL 1 (Teut.) Crooked, Awry, Squinting I SIVYER SKELE [O.N. skialg-r = O.E. sceolh = Dut. J ^Qgg ) 2 (Grain-) Sifter [M.E. siviere, J (and Ger.) scheet] etc. ; f. M.E. sive, O.E sife, a sieve] Skeel's (Son): v. Skeel. Ralph le Siviere. Hjind. Rolls. IkEElP }

SIVIERS ) (the) Sivier's or Sivyer's (Son) SKEEN = Skene, q.v. SIVYERSJ V. Sivier, &c. SKEET = Skeat, q.v,

SIWARD (Teut.) i Victorious Guard or SKEFFINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Skeffington Protector [O.Teut. Sigew(e)ard, Sig{i)- gvcic), 13th cent. Skeftinton, Scheftinton, ward, SigurS-r, &c. : O.E. sige — O.Sax. . Angl. *Sce(ajftinga-tun= the Estate of O.H.Ger. sigi = O.N. sig-r = Goth, sigi-s, the Sce(a)ft- Family [0.(East.)E.jc^(a)/f victory -|- O.E. w{e)ard = O.Sax. ward = ( = Scand. skaft), a shaft, spear 4- -inga, O.H.Ger. wart = O.N. vorS-r = Goth. genit. pi. of the fil. suS. -ing + tun, estate, wardia, ward, guard, etc.] farm, etc.] Eadulf, Earl of Northumbria, a relation This name has evid. been influenced of Harthacnut, had been received by him by the var. skepti (/> as/) of O.N. skapt, 'a virith feigned friendship, and was at his shaft,' 'spear.' command murdered by Siward (Sigeweard), on whom that powerful earldom was after- SKEGG (Scand.) Rough - Haired, Shaggy wards bestowed.— [the O.N. skegg, a beard (= O.E. sceaggw, Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 279. nair), gave rise to the pers. names Skegg-r and Skeggi] 2 conf. with Seaward, q.v. Richard Skegge. SIXSMITH (Eng.) Sickle-Smith [O.E. sicol+ Chesh. ChmbrlnsWAccts., A.D. 1303-4.

Skegg's (Son): v. Skegg. John Sykelsmith. Cal. Ing. P.M. SKEGGS, (Scand.) Dweller at the Crooked SIZER(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Assizer, Juror; Sizar SKELBECK Brook [O.N. skialg-r (= O.E. scMh) [f. O.Fr. assise, a judicial assembly, a tax, crooked -|- bekk-r, a brook] etc. ; Lat. assidere, to sit by]

As sisours [var. sysoiirs^ and somonours SKELDING, a form of Scolding, q.v. Sherreves and hire [their] clerkes.-^ But the second element of the Yorks Piers Plowman, 998-99. place-name Skelding may be the O.N. eng, a meadow. SKAE (Celt.) Dweller by a Whitethorn-Tree [Gael, sgeach = Ir. sceacK\ SKELETON, a corrupt form of Skelton, q.v. SKAIFE = Sca(i)fe, q.v. SKELLAN l (Celt.) Shield [Ir. Sce{a)llan,i. In the 14th century this name is found SKELLON 1 sceall, a shield -f the dim. suif. in Yorkshire as Skayf (also 13th cent.), -an'] Scayf, Scayff, Scaif. SKELLAND (Scand. or N.Eng.) Dweller at the SKANE, a var. of Skene, q.v. Crooked (Piece of) Land [O.N. skialg-r = O.E. scMk, crooked -|- land] SKEAT 1 (Scand. and N. and East. Eng.) (Celt.) for Skellan, q.v. SKEATE I Swift, Quick [M.E. 5teJ(e, ifeef,

SKEET J O.N. sMot-r = O.E. scioi\ SKELLHORN "I (Scand. orN.Eng.) Dweller at Sket is the usual i3th-cent. East-Anglian SKELLORN J (app.) the Crooked Horn form (as 'John Sket,' Norf.) ; and Skete f-shaped piece of land) [O.N. skialg-r = occurs in Yorkshire in the 14th cent. O.E. scMh, crooked -)-Aor«, a horn, corner] Sket cam tiding in-til Ubbe SKELLY (Celt.) St^ry-Teller, Historian That Havelok havede with a clubbe . . \\x. Scialaidhe (=Ga.e\. sgeulaiche), i. sc^al —Lay of Havelok the Dane, 1926-7. (also sc^ul), O.Ir. sc^l, a story, tale -|- the In the glossary to 'Havelok' (ed. 1902) pers. suff. -aidhe] s.v. sket, the late Prof. Skeat says : "Cp. Icel. skjott, quickly, from skjBtr, quick, swift. There seems to have been some con- The adj. is still preserved in the surname fusion with Scully, q.v. Skeat or Skeet." SKELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Skelton—a Northern (occ.) 2 Shooter, Archer [O.N. skyii (guttural) form of Shelton, q.v. = 0.E. scytta] Two of the Yorks places were Scheltun and Scheltone in Domesday-Book, SKEATS, Skeat's (Son) : v. Skeat. —

165 Skene Skrymsher

SKENE (Celt.) i Bel. to Skene (Aberdeen) 'splinter of a stone']: we have Skellig and [The place is prob. named from Loch Cornaa separately among our local names, Skene, as there is also a Loch Skene in but not in combination."—Moore, Manx Dumfriesshire (as well as a Lough Skean Names, p. 58. in Ireland); and as several lochs are narned from the colour of their water the connex- SKILLING,aNorth.orScand. form of Shilling, ion maybe with Gael. sgean(n, cleanliness, q.v. [cp. Dan.-Norw. skilling, a halfpenny, brightness, app. cognate with O.Norse Swed. skilling, a farthing; f. O.N. skilling-r, skina = E. 'shine'] m., (i) pi. money, (2) Shilling (the borrowed Gael, sgillinn = penny] 2 Squint-Eyed; Wild-Eyed [f. Gael. sgean, n., a squint, v. 'to look awry' = Ir. SKILLMAN (A.-Scand.), found in the Eastern sgean, 'a wild or mad look' (M.Ir. seen, counties in the 13th cent, as Skileman, affright]' Skyleman, is evid. an Anglicized fbrm of SKEPPER = Skipper, q.v. the O.N. skila-maiS-r, 'trustworthy man'. [O.N. skil (genit. pi. skila)i discernment, SKERRY (Scand.) Dweller at a Rocky Isle knowledge, reason, etc; (E. skill) + ma'S-i; [O.N. sker, a rock + ey, an isle] man] = SKETCH LEY (? Scand. + Eng.) Bel. to SKILTON Skelton,q.v. Sketchley (Leic), form. Skechley [the first SKINNER (A.-Scand.) Flayer (of Hides); element is app. a partly^ palatalized form HiDE-DEAtER ; Tanner [M.E. skynner{e, of the O.N. pers. name Skakk-r = crooked O.N. skinnari ; f. O.N. skinn, skin, fur] (cp. the A.-Sax. pers. name SccBccd):— -t- M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, meadow] Robert le Skynnere. But early forms are desirable. Pari. Writs, A.D. 1302.

: the guttural form of q.v. [O.N. SKETT = Skeat, q.v. SKIPP Shipp, skip=T)xA. schip (pron. almost skip), a ship] SKEVINGTON = Skefflngton, q.v. SKIPPER (Low Teut.) Shipmaster; orig. SKEY (Celt.) = Skae, q.v. Sailor [M.E. skipper{e, Dan.-Norw- skipper = Swed. skeppare, shipmaster — O.N. (Scand.) Dweller at a Promontory skipari, sailor, seaman ; also Dut. schipper [O.N. skagi\ (pron. almost skipper), captain, master, SKID BY (Scand.) Bel. to Skidby (E. Yorks), boatman] Domesday Sckitebi = Skyti's Estate Cp. Shipper. [O.N. skytt (geriit. skyta), shooter, archer

( = 0.E. scytta) + O.N. bS-r, estate, farm, SKIPTON, a Northern form of Shipton, q.v. etc.] [O.N.E. sdp, sheep] The two Yorkshire Skiptons were resp. SKIDMORE (Scand.) Bel. to Skidmoor, a.d Scipton and Schipetune in Domesday-Book. 1319 Skydemor [the first element is prob. that seen in Skidby -|- O.N. mdr, a moor, SKIPWITH (Teut.) Bel. to Skipwith (Yorks) heath] [M.N.E. skip, O.N.E. sclp, sheep + -with, SKIFFINGTON ;= Skefflngton, q.v. O.N. uiS-r, a wood] We may compare the Leic. skip as a Will'us Skipwith.— var. oiskep, 'basket', &c. (' Leic. Gloss.'p. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1377-8. 241.) But the second element seems to have changed since the nth cent., as the SK I FTLI N G (Scand.) Changeling [a var. (with the dim. suff. -/) of the Dan.-Norw. ski/ting, Domesday form (twice) was Schipewic [O.E. wic, a place] a changeling ; f. siifte, O.N. skipta, to shift, change, etc.] SKIPWORTH for Skipwith, q.v. This name occurs in the Yorks PoU- (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear Tax A.D. 1379 as Skyftlyng and Skyffilyng. SKIRBECK Brook \0M. skirr, cleax-\-bekk-r, a brook] SKILBECK = Skelbeck, q.v. SKIRLAUGH (Scand.) Dweller at the Clear lKlLLEN}^^'^-°^SkeIlan,q.v. Brook [O.N. skirr, clear -|- loik-r, a brook]

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) Fighter, Fen- SKILLICORN \ (Manx), early -1 6th -cent. SKIRMISHER] - - SKILLICORNE I Skylycorne, Shillicorne, "a SKRIMSHIRE I CER, Instructor IN Arms name peculiar to the Isle of Man, is SKRYMSHER J [M.E. skrymsher, skirmisour,

puzzling : it is most prob. derived from a etc.; O.Fr. eskermisor, fencer (cp. Fr.

local name, nowforgottfen, beginning with escarmoucheur, skirmisher) ; O.H.Ger. the word sMUsi 'rock' [cp. Ir. scillec, Sherman, scirmen, to defend, fight] — — : —

t66 Skirrow Sleddall

SKIRROW (Scand.) Dweller at the Sheer or Johannes Sladen. Bright Hill or Bluff [O.N. sMrr, sheer, Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. bright + haug-r, a how, hill] SLAGG, a voiced form of Slack, q.v. A Skyrhow occurs ia the' Yorks PoU- Cp. Gael, slag, 'a hollow' (Lewis), from Tax A.D. 1379. Scand. SKITT, a weak form of Skeat, q.v. SLAPE (Eng.) Dweller at'a Slope [M.E. and I. var. of O.E. SKOTT = Scott, q.v. Dial. E. slape ; a (*sUpan) > sMpan (pp. slopen), to slip] Bel. to (Norf.), SKOTTOW(E (Scand.) Scottow ' Randulph atte Slape.— - 14th cent. Skothow, 1 3th cent. Scothowe [O.N. Soms. Subs.-RoU, A.D. 1327. haug-r, a hill, mound : the first elenient is rather a pers. name than O.N. skot, a (Scand.) Crafty, Sly [O.N. sleip-r, shooting, shot] slippery, etc.] SK0ULDIN6 = Scolding, q.v. SLATE, a var. of Slett, q.v.

(Teut.), formerly Shifter, is SLATER SKUDDER (1604) Sclatep. doubtless the Dut. schutter \scH- almost SLATTE «}'• as sk-), 'a shooter', 'marksman', 'archer' (Celt.) i Straight, Tall [Ir. if the orig. form were really 'Skudder' it SLATTERY would represent the Dut. schudder, 'a slatarrd\ shaker', f. schudden, 'to shake'. 2 Strong, Robust [Ir. slatra]

SKULL (Scand.) the Norse Skule: v. under SLAUGHTER (Eng.) i for Slaughterer; Sculthorpe. Butcher [f. M.E. slaught, O.E. sleaht, This name occurs in the Line. Hundred- slaughter] Rolls (A.D. 1274) as Scowle. Cp. Ger. schldchter, 'slaughterer'. 2 Bel. to Slaughter (Glouc), 14th cent. SKURRAY\(Celt.) for the Ir. O'Scuiridh = Sloghtre, 13th cent. Sloutre = the Sloe- SKURRY J Grandson of Scor(a)idh {dh Tree [O.E. sld(k,s\oe triow (M.E. tre), mute), i.e. a Champion [Ir. scor, champion, + tree] etc. + the pers. suff. a)idh\ (q.v.) the E. dim. ^'^^®"' ^'^^'"' (Scand.) = Scupp + iLAVrN* } = I'- sufif. -y.

SLAY, a var. of Sly, q.v. [M.E. sleh, etc : cp. SKYNER O.N. slcBg-r, sloeg-r, cunning] I = q.v. SKYNNER Skinnep, SLAYMAKER (Eng.), Weaver's Reed or Will'us le Skynner.— Shuttle Maker [M.E. slaymaker; f. O.E. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1343. sled, a weaver's reed, and macian, to make] SLACK (Eng. and Scand.) Slow, Lazv [O.E. (Eng.) i Weaver's Reed or slcBc = d.N. slak-r\ SLAYMAN Shuttle Maker [M.E. slay, O.E. sled, a (Scand.) Dweller at a Hill-Cleft or weaver's reed] Valley [cp. O.N. slakki, a slope] 2 a var. of Slyman, q.v. Johannes del Slak'. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SLAYTER = Slatep, Sclatep, q.v. SLAYWRIGHT (Eng.) Weaver's Reed or SLADE (Eng.) Dweller at a Valley or Dell Shuttle Maker [M.E. slaywright, sla- \M.E. slade, O.^. slced\ wryghte; O.E.sled, a weaver's leed+wyrhta, John atte Slade.—CZose Rolls, A.D. 1346. a maker] For he [Little John] found tow of his owne (Eng.) Bel. to Sleap (Salop: 13th cent. fellowes SLEAP Slepe); or Dweller at the Slip or Slope [f. Were slaine both in a slade,— O.E. slipan (pt. sing. sUap), to slip] 'Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne,' 55-6; Percy's Cp. Sleep. Reliques.— ...down through the deeper slades. SLEATH (Eng. and Scand.) Cruel, Fierce, Drayton, xiv. PolyoMon, 290. Severe [O.E. slKe = O.N. sKS-r] Bel. to Sladen; or at SLADEN (Eng.) Dweller SLEDDALL (Scand.) Bel. to Sleddale [O.E. (obi. and pi. the Sloe-Valley sld (Westmld.), i6th cent. Sleddall, 13th cent. sldn), sloe + denu, valley] Sleddal [O.N. dal-^, a valley : the first Quenilda de Slaneden. element is .app. O.N. sUtt-r, flat, smooth, Lane. Assine-Rolls, A.D. 1246. evenj !

167 Slee Slowe

SLEE, a N.E. and Scot, form of Sly, q.v. slip(p)en, to slip ; f. a var. of O.E. sUpan, to slip, glide] But little did her auld minny ken What thir [O.N. \ieir, they] slee twa (Scand.) Grinder, Whetter, Polisher togither were sayn.-^- [p.N.sUpari, whence Dan.-Norw. sliber, The Gaherlunyie Man, 14-15. Swed. slipare {slipa, to sharpen, etc.); and cp. Dut. slijper, grinder, etc.] SLEEMAN \ I = Slee (q.v.) + man. Brand quotes two i6);h-cent. Newcastle SLEMAN J (rarely) 2 a var. of Slayman', instances of the trade-name sword-slipper, q.v. and Halliwell a 17th - cent. Hexham example of sword-sliper. It is really doubt- SLEEP (Eng.) Bel. to Sleep (Herts); or Dwel- ful whether the 14th - cent. Yorkshire ler at the Sup or Slope [v. under Sleap] occupative surnames Swerdslyper and SLEEPER, V. Slipper^ Swerdsliper belong to 1 or 2. Cp. Sleeper. SLEET = Slight, q.v.

SLOAN "1 (Celt.) Soldier, Warrior [Ir. SLEIGH = Sly, q.v. SLOAN E J Sluaghan,Sluaghadhan(ia.ter,ns}iz\\y This clerk was clepedhende Nicholas ... in the genit. with the 'son' prefix, as And ther-to he was sleigh and ful privee.— MacSluaghadhain); f. Ir. sluagh, army, host, Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3199, 3201. with (in the case of the second form) the suff. -adh + the dim. suff. dn\ SLEIGHT = Slight, q.v. Cp. Sloyan. SLEITH = Sleath, q.v. (Eng.) I Bel. to Slocombe or 5f-2S2!l^r,SLOCOMB \ ; SLEMMAN \ _ Dweller at the SLOE(-tree)i = Sleeman,Qi„^o„ q.v.n„ SLOCOMBE SLEMMON 1 1 Valley or Hollow [O.^.sld

--* (^- *^« C^"-)- SLETT(Scand.) Dweller at a Plain or Level IlSoumb + -i\7^J Field [O.N. sUttd\ SLOKAM ; A Slacomb occurs in a Somerset charter SLEVEN ) (Celt.) for the Ir. O'Sleibhin = De- a.d. 942 : 'Cart. Sax.' no. 776 ; and Slo- SLEVIN J SCENDANT OF Sliabhin [Ir. d or ua, eombe is mentioned in a Devonshire 'Inq. grandson, descendant ; sMibh, genit. pf ad q. Damn.' a.d. 1316-7. sliabh, m., mountain -f- the dim. suff. -in\ 2 for Slow-Come, a nickname for a SLICK (Eng. and Scand.) Sleek, Smooth ; Sluggard [O.E. sldw, slow ; cuman (pret. Cunning [M.E. sli{c)ke, O.E. slic = O.N. sing. c6m), to come] slik-r'\

SLOLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sloley (Norf. ; 13th SLIGHT (Teut.) Simple, Plain, Honest; cent. S/tfZe>'^) = the SLOE(-tree)-LEA [O.E. Slender [M.E. slight, plain, smooth, sld + ledhl simple: O.L.Ger. slight^ even, plain, simple: SLOMAN 1„ cp. Dut. slecht (earlier slicht), simple, plain, . Slowman. SLOMONJ • base; W.Fris. sliuchi (O.Fris. sliuht), smooth, simple ; Goth, slaiht-s, smooth, SLOPER (Eng. and Scand.) Slop-Maker or .plain, etc. ; Ger. schlicht (O.H.Ger. sleht), -Dealer [M.E. slop(p)e, an outer garment straightforward, smooth, simple; and O.N. (easily slipped on), O.E. o{ei-sl6p, a sur- slett-r, plain, flat, smooth] plice, O.N. slopp-r, a loose gown, surplice; SLIIVI(M)ON 1 f. O.E. slApan, to slip, p.p. slopen — O.N. for SLIMMOND \ Sleeman, q.v. sleppa, p.p. sloppinn] SLIMOND ) Agatha le Slopere.—H^M«rf. Rolls. SLING (Scand.) Clever, Dexterous, Expert [O.N. slyng-r\ SLOTT (Low Teut.) Dweller at a Castle or Stronghold [M.E. slot, Dut. slot (= Ger. SLINGER (Scand.) the M.N.E. (Yorks,, 14th scA/oM, a lock, castle) ; f. Dut. sluiten, to cent.) Slenger, Slynger [f. O.N- slyngua, shut, lock] slongua, to sling ; whence Dah.-Norw. slynge = Swed. slunga, to sling, and Swed. Walter de la Slot.— Hund. Rolls. slungare, slinger] SLOW "1 (Eng.) I Dweller at the Slough or SLINGSBY (Scand.) BeL to Slingsby (Yorks), SLOWE ; Bog [O.E. sUli] r4th cent. Slyngeshy, Domesday Selungesbi The entry in the Bucks Hundred-Rolls .= Slyng's Farm or Estate [v. under (a.d. 1274), 'Stephen de la Slou', evid. Sling, and O.N. 6ji-r, farmstead, etc.] -I- refers to Slough.

SLIPPER (Eng.) Short for Sword-Slipper, i.e. Now is my cart out of the slow, pardee - Sup- or Scabbard Maker [f. M.Q. —•Chaucer, CtmU Tales, D 1565. —

168 Slowley Smeed

With conquering ploughs SMALLMAN (Eng.) Little or SLENbER Man He furrows up cold Strymon's slymie [v. Small, and + man] slows.— (Eng.) Little or Slender Sylvester, The Colonies {a-.d. i6ii), 223. SMAL(L)PAGE Page [v. Small and Page] 2 Sluggardly, Lazy [O.E. sldwl Fr.) Dweller at a The antithesis of Snell, q.v. SMALLPIECE (E. + Small Field or Enclosure [v. under Small, and Dial. E. a piece of land, enclosure ll:8;:i:nf-sio.ey.q.v. + piece, or field — M.E. pece, O.Fr. piece ; of Celt. orig.] SLOWMAN = Slow (q.v.) + E. man. SMALLSHANKS (Eng.) Little or Slender SLOYAN "1 (Celt.) = Sloan, q.v. But (unlike Legs [v. Small, and + the pi. of M.E. Sloan) Sloyan, Sloyne, seem to be SLOYNE J shankie, O.E. scanca, a shank, leg] descended from forms with the 'grandson' prefix, as O'Sluaghain (with the dim. suff. SMALLSHAW (Eng.) Dweller at the Little -dn genit. inflected), O'Sluaighin (with the or Narrow Wood [v. under Small, and stem genit. infl. and with the dim. suff. + O.E. scaga, a wood] -i«),etc. SLY ^(A.-Scand.) Cunning, Skilful, Art- SMALLTHWAITE (Scand.) Dweller at the

SLYE J FUL [M.E. sly, sligh, sle{i)h, etc. ; O.N. Narrow Clearing [O.N. smal-r + ]'ueii] slag-r, slceg-r\ (Eng.) Cp. Slee. SMART "I Quick, Sharp [M.E. SMARTT J smart{e,smert{e,shaTp, quick, pain- I = (q.v.) E. SLYMAN Sly + man. ful ; O.E. smeari] 2 conf. with SlaymanS q.v. SMEATH (Eng.) i Smooth, Polished, Suave [M.E. smeth{e, O.E. smdj-e] SMAIL "I forms (usually North.) of Small, SMALE J q.v. Philip le Smethe.-^iy«Krf. Rolls. Henry le Smale, A.D. 1277-8.— 2 Dweller at a Plain or Level Field Vale Royal Ledger-Bk. [same etym.] (occ.) 3 for Smith, q.v. SMAITHWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Smaithwaite

(nr. Keswick) ; or Dweller at the Small Cp. Smeeth. Clearing [O.N. smd-r + ^ueit\ SMEATHAM = Smetham, q.v. SMALEMAN = Smallman, q.v. SMEATHMAN = Smeath (q.v.) -|- man. Cp. Small, Smale. SM EATON (Eng.) Bel. to Smeaton (Yorks"), SMALL (Eng.) Litile, Slender [M.E. smal(le, Smeeton (Leic), &c. = i the Smooth or stnaill, etc., O.E. smcel (= O.Sax. O.H.Ger. FtAT Enclosure [O.E. sme]>e tun\ and Scand. smal\ + 2 the Smith's or Smiths' Place [O.E. This name has been used as the Eng. smi^, genit. pi. smPfa -f tlin\ equivalent of the Irish Keelty (O'Caoiltigh) the [f. Ir. caol, small]. 3 Small Enclosure or Farm [v. Smee] 1 (Eng.) the second element SMALLBONE One of the Yorkshire Smeatons was SMALLBONES of these nicknames (i6th J Smt\'atAn in the loth cent. ('Cart. Sax.' cent. Smalbone) may refer to 'leg(s' rather no.i2S5.) In Domesday-Book, Gt. Smeaton than 'bone(s' proper [O.E. hdn, bone, leg (Yorks) was Smidetune and Smidetone; = O.N. and Ger. bein, bone, leg] Little Smeaton (Yorks), Smidetune and

SMALLCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Smallcombe Smedetone ; > Kirk Smeaton (Yorks), cent. Dweller (Soms.: 14th Smalecome); or Smedeton(e ; Smeeton (Leic), Smitone. at the Small Valley [v. Small and Combe] SM EDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Smedley (Lanes), a.d. 1505 Smetheley = the Smooth or Flat Lea SMALLEY (Eng. ; Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to [O.E. sme^e ledh] Smalley; or Dweller at 1 the Small Lea + [O.E. smcel + ledh] SMEE (Teut.) i Small [cp. V>vitsmi- and Fris. (as 2 the Small Hey or Hay (Enclosure sme- in Dut. smient, Fris. smM, lit. or Pasture) [M.E. smaKJe, O.E. smcil = 'small duck', smew) = Dan.-Norw. smaa, Scand. smal, small-|- M.E. hey, hay, hagh{e, O.N. smd-r = O.H.Ger. smdhi, small] enclosure, O.E. ge)hcBg, haga = O.N. hagi, (rarely) 2 an apocopated form of pasture, etc.] Smeath, q.v. Alicia Smalhaghe. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SMEED = Smeeth, Smeath, q.v. —

169 Smeeth Smitton

SMEETH = Smeath, q.v. the fisherman [his] hook, or the shoe- maker [his] awl, or the tailor [his] needle, The Kentish parish Smeeth was Smethe through work in the 13th cent. unless my ?) Ic hsebbe smi^as, isene-smijias, gold- SMEETON, V. Smeaton. smij), seolfor-smij;, cfer-smi]?, tr6ow-Wyrht- an, and manega 6fire mistlicra cr3efta SMELLIE, a var. of Smalley, q.v. [(;p. W.Fris. bigengeras. smel, small, narrow] (I have smiths, iron-smiths (black- smiths), goldsmith, silversmith, brass- SMELT (Eng.) Gentle, Sdn, Mild [O.E. smith, carpenter(s, and many other smeoli\ tradesmen of various crafts,) William Smelt.—ifuwrf. Rolls. JElfrici Colloquium, loth cent. Many Celtic Cairds and Gows, Gowans, SMERDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Smerden (Kent) and MacGowans, and many German [O.E. denu, a valley : the first SMERDON J. . Schmidts, have translated themselves into element seems to be the O.E. sme{o)ro, fat, English Smiths. grease, and may be from the plant-name smerwort] (occ.) 2 for Smeeth, Smeath, q.v. Cp. Smyth(e.

r^ "I (Eng.) Dweller at i the Smooth

SMETHEM1 J or Level Enclosure [O.E. SMITHAM 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's sm^e, smooth, etc. -f- ham{m, enclosure, SMITHEM J Enclosure [O.E. switS + ham{m piece of land] enclosure, piece of land, dwelling]

2 the Smith's Enclosure [O.E. smi'f, 2 for Smetham", q.v.

, smith] SMITH EMAN (Eng.) Smith's Man [v. SMETHICK for Smethwiok. \ SMITHMAN J Smith, and -)- E. OTa«]

SMETHURST (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wood Smytheman and Smythmati are the forms on the Smeeth or Plain [v. under Smeeth, in the Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379. Smeath', and + O.E. hyrst, a wood] SMITHER = Smith (q.v.) -f- the agent, suff. 2 the Smith's Wood [O.E. smi^, smith] -er [cp. Dut. smeder, 'forger' ; also O.H. Ger. smeidar, ' artifex SMETHWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Smethwick; or '] Dweller at i the Village on the Smeeth SMITHERMAN (Eng.) Smither's Man [v. or Plain [v. under Smeeth, Smeath', Smithep, and -|- E. man] and + O.E. wic, dwelling(s] i Smither's (Son): v. 2 the Smith's Place [O.E. smiJf, smith] SMITHERS (Eng.) Smither. The Staffordshire Smethwick was 2 conf. with q.v. Smedewich (d for th, ch as k) in Domesday- Smithurst,

Book : it "lies on a plain at the foot of the SMITHETT, a corrupt form of iSmaithwaite, Rowley Hills." q-v. The Cheshire Smelhwick was Smethewik 2 Smipthwalte, Smurthwaite, q.v. A.D. 1431-2. SMITHIES 1 (Eng.) Dweller or Worker at (Teut.) SMELTER[f. M.Dut. smilten, SMILTER the Smithies [O.E. smiSSe, Swed. SMITHYESJ Dut. smelten = Dan.-Norw. smelte, smithy] smdlta, to smelt ; with the agent, suff. -er\

SMITHSON, Smith's Son : v. Smith. SMIRTHWAITE, v. Smurthwaite. SMITHURST (Eng.) i Dweller at the Smith's SMISBY (Scand.) Bel. to Smisby (Derby), Wood [O.E. smi^ + hyrst, a wood] the Smith's earlier Smithesby = Place 2 for Smethupst', q.v. [the genit. of O.N. smiS-r + b;f-r] Lawrence Smythurst and Henry Smyth- SMITH (Eng. and Scand.) i Worker with urst (of Lomax, Bury).— the Hammer [O.E. smi} or smi^ = O.N. Lattc- Fines, A.D. 1546. smiS-r (=Goth. smi^a\ SMITHWAITE 1 for Smaithwaite, q.v. Se Smi^ secg]j: Hwanon J>a.m yrflinge sylan-scear ojj|;e culter, fie n& gade haefj>, 2 for Smirthwaite, Smurthwaite, q.v. baton of crsefte minon? Hwanon flscere (Eng.) i Dweller at ancgel, ofl'e sce6-wyrhtan cfel, ojjfie s6a- SMITHWICK the Smith's mere ncfedl, nis hit of minon geweotce ? Place [O.E. smiti + wic] (The Smith saith : Whence the plough- 2 for SmethwIckS q.v. man [his] ploughshare or coulter, who no goad hatn, without my craft? Whence SMITTON, v, Smeaton, I — — — —

170 Smocker Snell

SMOCKER 1 (Eng.) Smock- Maker or SNAPE (Eng.) Bel. to Snape ; or Dweller at SM0(0)KER; -Dealer [M.E. smoher, etc.; the Snipped (i.e. Cut-off) Piece of Land f. M.E. smok, O.E. smocic = O.N. smokk-r] [M.E. snaype, snap{e, O.E. *sndp, snckp ('Cart. Sax', no. 1124), f. O.E. *snipan, to SMOLLETT (Eng.) Small-Head [O.E. smal snip = Dut. and Fris. snippen, to cut into + hedfod] small pieces: cp. Dial. E. sneap, to nip, SMORFITT (Teut.) This is hardly lilcely to be etc., and E.Fris. smp(pe, a small piece of a corrupt form of Smurthwaite. In names, land]

a second (unstressed) element -Jit(t usually Henry de la Snape.—fl«»rf. Rolls (Suss.) represents -foot; and, in fact, Bardsley Snape, Suff., was Snape a.d. 1310-11 mentions the surname 5mM;/oote as occurr- ; Snape, Yorks, in the 14th ing in a i7th-cent. London register. But was Snaype cent.; Snape, Lanes, Snape in the 14th it is not very probable that the first and ijth cent., but we find an 'Alan del element here is the O.N. smior (Dan.- Snap' in a Lane. Inq. ad q. Damn. a.d. NoTw.smor), 'butter'; and possibly it is "323- (with intrus. -r) for O.N. smd-r (Dan.- Norw. smaa, pron. ' small.' stnaw), SNARR (Scand.) Quick, Swift; Bold [O.N. s?mrr. SMORTHIT, for Smor^hwaite, Smur- (Dan.-Norw. snar] , thwaite, q.v. SNAYLAM = Snallham, q.v.-

SMORTHWAITEl (Scand.) Bel. to Smor- SNAZEL ] (Eng.) Bel. to Snazell, app. the SMURTHWAITEJ thwaite or Smurthwaite SNAZELL V Sneleshall mentioned in the

[The second element is the O.N. ^ueit, a SNAZLE J Charter-Rolls for Bucks a.d.

clearing : if the first element is the O.N. 1226-7 = Snel's Hall [y. under Snell, smior = Dan.-Norw. smor, butter (cp. the and + O.E. h{e)all, a hall] Yorks place-name Butterthwaite), it must This is more likely than a connexion rather be the flower-name (cp. Dan.-Norw. with the Glouc. place-name .Snowshill, buttercup) ; the possibility, smorblomst, a.d. 1318-19 SnosehuU. however, ofthe first element being for O.N. smd-r = Dan.-Norw. smaa (pron. smaw), SNEAD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Snead or Sneath SNEED = the Cut-off Piece of small, must be considered ; but cp. \ Land; Smaithwaite] SNEATH I or Clearing [O.E. sndsd (=0.N. sttei^ f. SMYE, a var. of Smee, q.v. ; sntSan, to cut] SMYTH Snead, Montgora., was Snethe a.d. . I M.E. forms of Smith, q.v. SMYTHE 1226-7; Snead, Wore, was Snede a.d. 1328-9, as was the Staff. Sneyd in 1410. William le Smyth. Cp. Snaith. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. SNEE, the Scand. form of Snow, q.v. [Dan.- W: Srhythe et alii.

, Norw. sne(e, O.N. snee-r, snow] Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1315-16. SN EESAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Snettisham (Norf.), Wher {"is is not a smy^, Jie sone of SNEEZUM I 13th cent. Snetisham, Snetesham, Marie . . . ?—5f. Mark, vi. 3 : Wycliffe. = Snet's Home [the pers. name (in the the schireff Hys Sworde upon hed genit.) is f. a variant of O.E. snytrian, to

Sertanly he brake in too : : be wise 1- O.E. hdm, home, estate] 'The smyth that the made', seid Robyn, SNELGROVE (Eng.) Dweller at a Snail- 'I pray God wyrke him woo'.— Grove [O.E. sne(g)l Rohvn Hode and the Munke, 1 13-16. + grdf] SNELL (Eng.) Quick, Active, Agile earlier SMYTHERS = Smithers, q.v. ; also Bold, Brave [O.E. snel(l = O.Sax.

O.H.Ger. . snel(l (mod. schnell) = SMYTHSON, Smyth's Son : V. Smyth, Dut. Smith. snel] . . . se snella sunu Wonredes (Eng.) Bel. to Snailham(Suss.) = SNAILHAM (. . . the agile son of Wonred). (prob.) the Snail-Land [O.E. snegl, sncegl Beowulf, S934-S. + ham(tn, a piece of land] sendon M& t6 J)6, scfemen snelle.— SNAILWELL(Eng.) Bel. to SnailweU (Camb.), The Battle of Maldon (A.I).gg3),n. 56-7 (29). A.D. 1336 Sneilwelle = the Snail-Spring Sythyne wente into Wales with his [O.E. snegl, sncegl + w(i)ella\ wyes [men] ^lle, Sweysinto Swaldye with his snelle houndes, for to hunt at the SNAITH (Scand.) Bel. to Snaith (Yorks : 14th hartes in thas hye laundes. cent. Snayth) — the Cut-off Piece of Morte Arthure (E.E.T.S.), 11. (f. 56-8 Land ; or Clearing [O.N. s««tS snf&a, to cut) = O.E' i«(6rf] S^A.—Hund. Rolls. Cp. Snead, Sneath. William Snell. do^ — — —

171 Snell^ove 5oare

SNEULGROVE = Snelgnove, q.v. markedly projecting'; hence the word was prob, applied to a long-nosed individual] SMELLING (Eng.)the A.-Sax. Sneling, Snellirtg 2 Dweller at a Point, Small Headland, (Domesday Snelling) = Snel(l)'s Son or Pointed Rock [Dial. E. snook = Scot. [v. under Snell, and + the O.E. fil. suft. snuk{e, 'a small promontory'; Early Eng. -ing\ snok ('west snok') occurring in a late Snelling TuUinges sunu. version of a Somerset charter dated a.d. I ith-cent. Manum.; Thorpe, Dipl. Angl, p. 633. 975 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1313): see i] Robert Snouk. SNELSOn (Eng.) i Snel's Son : v. Snell. Lay Subs. Roll (Soms.), A.D. 1327. 2 Bel. to (a) Snelson (Chesh.), 14th cent. Snelleston, Domesday Senelestune = 3 Bel. to Sevenoak(s (Kent), 14th cent. ' = Snel(l)'s Estate [v. under Snell, and + Sevenoke, Sevenok, 13th cent. Sevenac' O.E.

SNOOKS, genit., and pi., ofSnook, q.v. SNIBSON "I (Teut.) Bel. to Snibstop (Leic.) SNIBSTON = SNiB(B)'s Estate [the pers. f SNOW (Eng.) Born in the time of Snow [M.E. name (in the genit.) is a iiickname from a snou, snow, O.E. sndnsi] Low Ger. word represented by Dut. sneb, a bill, beak, snout, and Swed. snibh, a tip, William Snou. Hund. Rolls. extremity :— + O.E. tiin, estate, etc.] The Dan.-Norw. snu, 'sly,' 'cunning/ has prob. not affected this name. (Eng.) Bel. to Snydale (W.Yorks), SNIDALL ] SNIDDLE > 14th cent. Snytall, Domesday SNOWBALL is a nickname of comparatively SNIDLE J Snitehala, Snitehale = the Snipe- mod. orig. Corner [O.E. snite, a snipe + h{e)al{h, a corner], SNOWDEN \ (Eng.) Dweller at the Snow SNOWDON Hill [O.E. sndw diin] SNIDER, an Anglicized form of the Dut. J + snijder = Gex. Schneider, M.H.Ger. snldare, John Snowdone. = O.N. sniddari, 'cutter', 'tailor,' Lay Subs. RolHSoma.), A.D. 1327. There are hamlets called Upper and SNITTERBY (Scand.)BeL to Snitterby (Lines: Lower Snowden in W. Yorks, Snowden A.D. 1314-15 Snytterby) = Snyth's Estate Close in Cumb., and a Snowdon Pool in [the pers. name is f. a var. of O.N. snotr, Salop. The (unstressed) suff. -don is wise : 1- O.N. 6^-r, estate, farm, etc] freq. mutated to -den. The first element. SNITTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sriitterton Snow-, may sometimes be used fig. for (Derby: A.D. iz^%-ig Snytterton) = Snytre's colour (cp. Goldhill). The great Welsh mountain may occ. have contributed Estate [the pers. name is f. O.K. snytre, to :- this surname by the migration a var. of snotor, wise —[-O.E. tun, estate, of a farm, etc.] Welshman from its neighbourhood.

SNOAD 1 (Eng.) theA.-Sax. pers. (nick-) name SNYDER = Snider, q.v. SNOOD ] Snod(d)a [f. O.E, snod, a fillet, a (Scand.) Swarthy, kind ;of head-dress; cognate with O.N. SOAM \ Blackish, smi'S-r, a twist, twirl, and Swed. snodd SOAME/ [O.N.sdm-r] (pp. of sno, to twist), a string, cord] SOAMES, Soam(e)'s (Son) : v. Soam(e.

Snod Servians . . . —Hund. Rolls. SOAN \ (Teut.) Son (a pet name) [M,E. SNODDEN, V. Snowden. SOANE / sone, O.E. sunu = Fris. soan = M.Dut. sone (Dut. zoon) = Ger. sohn, son] SNODDON, V. Snowdon. Cp. the French surname Fils. SNODGRASS (Eng. or Scand.) Dweller at the Smooth Grass or Lawn [North. Dial. E. SOAN ES, Soan(e)'s (Son): v. Soan(e.

and Scot, snod, smooth, trim, pruned : cp. SOAR CA.-Fr.-Teut.) With Reddish- O.E. sttddan, to trim, prune ; ahd O.N. \ or jMoSS-2»«, bald, smooth] SOARE J Brown Yellowish-Brown Hair. [O.Fr. sorie (Fr. saur(e)-, of Teut. V. Snowden. SNODIN, orig. : cp. Low Ger. soor = M.Dut. sore (Dut. zoor) ~ O.E. sedr, dry, withered] SNOOK "l(Eng.)i the A.-Sax. pers. (nick-) SNOOKE j name Snoc [conn, with Dut. snoek, In our 13th and 14th cent, records we find surnames 'le a pike ; the root-idea being 'something the Sor', 'le Sore',aj\i — —— — ' ;

172 Soares Somersett

'le Soor'; Soar* appearing at the beginning (1539), and Rheims (1582) Bibles; but of the 17th cent. Solomon is the form in the Geneva Bible aiid, of course, in the Authorized As we might expect, the term was used 1557) ^,"ersionof i6n. as a name for a sorrel horse

for keep . . . For they had two steeds to SOLOMONS, Solomon's (Sou). And laid the sheild upon the soar, then he rode the knight before. And SOLWAY (prob. Celt.) One from the neigh- Sir Gray Steill, 2306, 2309-10. bourhood of the Solway Firth.

SOARES, Soar(e)'s (Son) : v. Soap(e. [17th cent. Sulloway, c. 1300 Sulway : if the name is Celtic the connexion may be SODEN = Sowden, q.v. with the British tribe Selgovce (Ptolemy's Selgovoi), the base of which name is (Eng.) Dweller by a (Muddy) Pond or SOLE usually considered to be represented by Pool [Kent, sole; i. O.E. sol, mud, a O.Ir. selg (Gael, and Ir. sealg), a hunt puddle] ' but more likely the second element of

In i3th-cent. Kentish rolls we find the ' Solway' is that seen in ' Medway ' and

' surnames de la Sole ', 'atte Sole,' and ' Wey,' viz. the early form of Wei. gwy, ' de SoUs.' water, in which case the first element " The will of Jno. Franklyn, Rector ot might be represented by Wei. sul, ' what ' Ickham, describes property as being extends round : if the name were Teu- tonic it could easily represent the O.N. ' Besyde the wateringe sole in thend [the end] of Yckhame streete.' " cognate of O.E. sol, mud, wet sand-l-O.N. vdg-r,^!iha.y, "the chief characteristic of Diet- Kent. Dial. (Parish and Shaw), p. 155. the Sblway being the sands exposed at " SOLES, pi. (and genit.) of Sole, q.v. low tide ; but a Celt. orig. is more prob- able] SOLEY (Eng. or Celt. + E.) Bel. to Soley (Eng.) for Salway Dweller at the (End), Warw., the Domesday Soulege = = Hall-way [O.E. s

or Loft [M.E. soler(e ; O.E. solor or O.Fr. a.d. 1327. solier, both f. Lat. solari-um, ' a balcony (Scand.) Bel. to Somerby (Lines: ' SOMERBY or terrace exposed to the sun ] 13th cent. Somerdeby; Leic. : Domesday In the Hundred-Rolls both ' de Solaria Sumerlidebie = the Summer-Sailor's ' and ad Solarium ' occur as surnames. (Viking's) Settlement [the O.N. cognate O.E. summer-sailor, SOLLOWAY for Solway, q.v. of sumer-lida, i.e. a Scand. freebooter who voyaged in the SOLLY, a (double) dim. of Solomon, q.v. summer only -|- O.N. b$-r, a farm, settle- [E. dim. suff. -y] ment] SwwierWda became a pers. name, occurr- Solomon. q.v. ISiloMAN}^- ing in Domesday-Book as Summerlede ; it survives as Sommerlad. SOLOMON (Heb.) Peaceful, Peaceable [Vulgate Salomon, Gr. ZaKia/iiiv, Heb. SOMERFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Somerford; or Sh'ldmdh, f. shdldm, peace] Dweller at the Summer-Ford (i.e. one not available during the winter-rains) When Solomon was born, David was a [O.E. sumer man whose strength had been exhausted + ford] in warfare and who was keenly sensible Somerford, Wilts, was Sumerford of the blessings of peace both for a king A.D. 685 ; Somerford, Staffs, had the same and a kingdom. Hence it was altogether spelling in the 13th cent. natural that at that period of time he SOMERS should have given the name Solomon to a \ ^-„ Summers.e„„,„n„» son on whom he placed high expectations SOMMERS f

. . . The name was certainly one which SOMERSET 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Somerset, 13th indicated well a prominent and dis- SOMERSETT cent. So»!ew«te, A.-Sax. Swrnar- tinctive feature of both the character and J sdete, Sumor-sckte [O.E. sckte, genit. pi. reign of Solomon. sclkt(e)na, settlers: the first element is app. Diet. Bible, ed. Hastings, iv. 560. conn, with the Saxon royal summer- See Salomon. The old form Salomon residence Siimertiin—O.E. sumer, summer persists in the Tyndale (1534)1 Cranmer —now Somerton] — — — — — —

173 Somerton Southall

And [iElfred] : him c6mon fcfer ongSan Sorbi ; Cumb., etc.) ; 2 Sorbie (Wigton SumorsckteeaWe. iSth cent. Sourbi) = the Muddy Farm- (And there came to him there all the Land [O.N. saur-r, mud + bf-r} Somerset-men)— A.-Saxon Chron., A.D. 878. SORESBY"! (Scand.) Bel. to Sor(e)sby (?) SORSBY J [early forms are lacking : if the SOMERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Somerton (Soms., place-name is one of several post-Nor- Oxf., Norf., Suff., etc.) = 1 the Summer- man -by names the pers. name (in the Residence [O.E. sumer, sumor + tun genit.) forming the first element may be

dwelling, estate, etc.] that seen under Sor(e, Soap(e ; hardly a nickname f. O.N. siirr, sour] 2 f. the pers. name (a) Sumer, (V) Sumer- lida [(a) O.E. see sumer, summer; (J) - - SORREL "I (A. Fr. Teut.) With Reddish- under ; and O.E. Somepby 4 <«n] SORRELLJ Brown or Yellowish-Brown Somerton, Soms. (a Saxon royal Hair [O.Fr. sorel, a dim.: v. under Soar] summer-seat and once the principal place John Sorel. Hund. Rolls. in that county), was Sumertun a.d. 860, Sumortun, early loth cent. The other SOTHAM = Southam, q.v. Somertons were usually Somerton in the 13th cent, SOTHEBY (Scand.) Dweller at i the South Farm or Estate [O.N. siilS-r + bf-r] SOMERVILLE (Fr.-Teut. + Fr.-Lat.) Bel. Cp. Southernby, Cumb. SOMERVAIL to Sommerville (Norm.) SOMERVELL = S,umar's Estate [O.H. 2 the Sheep-Farm [O.N. saulS-r (genit. SOMERWILL Ger. (mod. Sommer), O.Sax., pi. sau'Sa), a sheep -|- Jji-r] SOMMERVILLE O.N. sumar, summer Fr. + SOTHER(A)N (Eng. and Scand.) Southerner ville, Lat. wlla'\ [O.E. siiSeme' = O.N. su'Srcenn, southern] Robertus de Somervile. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1290. SOTHERTON, v. Southerton. SOMMER, V. Summep. SOULfor Sole, q.v.

SOMMERLAD) the A.-Scand. Sumerlida SOULBY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Soulby SOMMERLAT) (loth cent.) = Summer- SOULSBYJ (Westmd.: 14th cenl. Souhby, Sailor [see under Somerby] 13th cent. Sulleby ; Cumb.) = S<3li's or Solle's (S6lle's) Farmstead [the pers.

SOMMERS, Sommer's (Son) : v. Sommer, name is considered to be a shortened Summer. form of O.N. Sdrli, mod. Solle (v. under Serle) and Solui (f. sdl-r, sallow): \-b^-r, v. SOMMERSET, Somerset. farm, estate] SOUNES, a form of Sones, q.v. SOMMERTON, v. Somerton. SOURBUTTS = Sowerbutts, q.v. SOMNER, V. Sumner. SOUSTER, the fem. form of Souter, q.v. a var. of q.v. SONDS, Sands, [O.E. fern, agent, suff. -estre'\ Fer in Northumberlond the wawe hire Emma le Sowester. [wave her] caste. Close Rolls, A.D. 1306-7. And in the sondhir ship stiked so faste.

Chaucer, Cant. Tales. B 508-9. SOUTER "I (A.-Lat.) Shoemaker, Cobbler SOUTAR/[M.E. so^ter(e, O.E. sutere, Lat. = q.v. SONE Soane, sutor"] The devel made a reve for to preche,, SONES, Sone's (Son): v. Sone, Soane. Or of a soutere, shipman, or a leche SOOLE, a var. of Sole, q.v. [physician]. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3903-4. SOPER (Eng.) Soap-Maker [M.E. soper(e; The true O. Eng. word is scedwyrhta M.E. sope, O.E. sdpe, soap the agent. + (shoewright), as in iElfric's 'Colloquium,' suff. -«•(«] where it glosses sutor. Julian le Sopere. Hund. Rolls. SOUTHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Southall (M'sex, etc.) ; or Dweller at i the South Corner |OR^)v.Soar(e. [O.E. su'S + h(e)am 2 the South Slope [O.E. su'S -f SORBEY] (Scand.) Bel. to i Sowerby h(e)al{d(= O.n.hall-r] SORBY WYorks^: 14th cent. Saureby, The M.E. forms are usually Suthalle SORBIE J Homesday Sourebi, Sorebi; Lanes : (Norf. Hund.-Rolls a.d. 1274) and 13th cent. Saureby, Soureby, Domesday Southale (Charter-Rolls a.d. 1278). —; , — ;

174 Southam Southwood

SOUTHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Southam; or 3 the South Hey, Hay, or Enclosure Dweller at the SouTH Enclosure or [O.E. siiS + ge)hcBg, haga\ piece Dwelling [O.E. stiS + ham(m, of The surname Suthae (for Suthea) occurs land, etc.] in the Norf. Hundred-Rolls a.d. 1274; The Warw. place was Su'Sham in the Southeyein a Soms. Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327. in Yorks, Southay loth cent. ; the Su'Sham of a land-grant There is a Southey W. A.D. 965 (by Oswald, in Soms. (' Cart. Sax.' no. n66), may refer to either (syncopated) forms the Glouc. or the Warw. Southam. SOUTHON \ app. weak SOUTHAN J of Southern, q.v. SOUT,HAI\/lPTON(Eng:)Bel. to Southampton, A.D. 825 Homtun (also Omtun in a Lat. SOUTHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the South charter), A.D. 837 (A.-Sax. Chron.) House [M.E. Southouse; O.E. sUS + Ms] Hatntun, a.d. 901 Hamtun, A.D. 962 (char- ter) and A.D. 980 (A.-Sax. Chron.) Sutham- SOUTHRAN V, Sother(a)n. iun [O.E. stiS, south ; hdm, home, re- SOUTHREN I sidence, or ham(m, enclosure, piece of (Eng.) Bel. to Southery (Norf.: land, dwelling (none of the A.-Sax. forms SOUTHREY i^thcent. Suthereye; etc.) = the Southern of the name which I have noted has the Island or Waterside [O.E. sii'Sera, a marked as long) + tiin, farm, estate, compar. of 5«K, south -f z^, island) etc.] etc. : prob. Homtun or Hamtun may here be interpreted ' Home-Farm ', answering Exactly to which place the Suthereye of partly to the O.N. heima-land, 'home- a Latin charter a.d. 942 ("ad ipsam

' ' estate '. If a dative form Hedrntiine, at insulam .... Suthereye " : Cart. Sax.' ~ the high place ' (v. under Hampton), had no. 774) refers is uncertain ; and a Southery authentically been found the description occurs in the Charter-Rolls for Sussex, would suit Southampton] a.d. 1347. Sutherey was a M.E. form of q.v. Fr'es minores de Sulhampton.— Surrey, Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1326. SOUTHWARD for (i) Southworth, (2) Knute, which here alone affected When Southwood, q.v. the command. The crown upon his head at fair SOUTHWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Southwell ; or South-hampton. set. Dweller at the South Spring [O.E. sMtS "DraytoxifPoly-OlMon, (a.d. 1612), xii. 396-7. -f w{fjelld\ SOUTHARD Southwell, Notts, occurs in the dative \„ ^°"*''*^'^''-e«,,+i,„,„„rf SOUTHART r- form 'at Su'Swellan'^ in a land-charter A.D. 958 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1029). SOUTHOOMBE (Eng.) DwelleAat the South Valley [O.E. s«S + cumb (Celt.] SOUTHWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Southwick == the SOUTHCOTE "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the South South Place [O.E. su'S { wic, a place,

SOUTHCOTT J Cottage or South Animal- dwelling(s] Enclosure [Late M.E. Sowthcott, Early William de Suthevyyk (Hunts).— M.E. Suthcote, O.E. sii'& + cot: v. under Hund. Rolls. Coate] Soilthwick, Hants, was Suthwic a.d. SOUTHERN 1 (Eng.) Southerner [O.E. 1234-5, Suthwick and Suthwike c. 1445 SOUTHORN ) suVeme, southern] Southwick, Northants, ws.s Southwick a.d. Cp. Sother(a)n. 1379-80; Southwick, Sussex, Suthwik a.d.

1319-20 ; Southwick, Glouc, Suthwike (Eng.) Bel. to So(u)therton SOUTHERTON A.D. 1346. or Dweller at the Southern (or More Southern) Enclosure or Farm [O.E. SOUTHWOLD (Eng.) Bel. to Southwold su'Seme, southein (orthecompar., j«itS(e)ra, (Suff.), the O.Angl. SiiSwald = the South of 5i

Southay ; or Dweller at i the South As a surname, Southwold has almost entirely been merged into Island or Waterside [O.E. sA^ -t- ig\ Southwood.

2 the South Stream [O.E. siiS -(- ed\ SOUTHWOOD (Eng.) i Bel. to Southwood; In obviously late copies of various or Dweller at the South Wood [O.E. (Latin)chartersto Croyland Abbey, Lines, su'S + wudu] dated in the 8th, 9th, and loth centuries, Roger de Suthwode. Hund. Rolls. ' mention is made of an aqua ' called Smthe?. 9 for Southwold, q.v. —— — — — —

175 Southworth Sparrowe

SOUTHWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Southworth name with the dim. suff. -el, perh. a nick-

(Lanes), 14th cent. Sotheworth, Suthworth, name f. O.E. spdld, saliva (1), unless conn, A.D. 1212 Suthewrthe = the South En- with Low Ger. spalden, to split (cp. O.E. closure or' Farm [O.E. 5mS + a/o^^] speld, a splinter]

SOUTTAR SPANNER (Eng.) is app. a nickname f. O.E. = Souter, q.v, SOUTTER I spanere, ' enticer,' 'seducer.'

SOWARD (Eng.) Sow-Herd [O.E. su + SPARHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sparham (Norf.), heorde] 13th cent. Sparham, A.D. io6o Sparham (' Dipl. Angl.', p. 590) [if the second ele- SOWDEN (Eng.) Dweller at 1 the Sow- ment were the O.E. hdm, home, residence, Valley [O.E. sii, sow valley] -f- denu, the first element would be a pers. name, Cp. Sugden. perh. f. O.E. spar, seen in speerlic, sparing, frugal, hardly O.E. spere, a spear (cp. 2 the South Valley [O.E. siiV + denu] O.N. sparr, a kind of spear, and Lat. (for the [O.E. 3 Sowdon) South Down spar-US, a spear) ; if the second element Sid's + dun\ (as seems likely) is O.E. hamim, an en- Walter de Suddon. closure, piece of land, the first element Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. may easily be O.E. sptBr(-stdn), gypsum,

chalk ; improb. the O.E. cognate of O.N. SOWERBUTTS (? Scand.) No sufficiently sparri=V>\it, spar, a spar, beam. App. early forms of this (Lane.) name have this place is not the Spareweham fO.E. been found on which to base a definite spearwa, a sparrow) of the Charter-Rolls, etymology, but it is not unreasonable to A.D. 1226-7] assume that the second element is the pi. SPAR HAWK (Eng.) Sparrowhawk [M.E. of the North. Dial. E. hut{t, ' a small piece Sperhauk{e, Sparhavec, etc., Domesday of ground,' 'a garden-plot', in which Sperhavoc, A.-Sax. Spe{a)rhafoc ; f. spearwa, case the first element may well represent sparrow, and hafoc, hawk] the O.N. saurr, ' mud.'

The name of one William S p, who The refusal of Archbishop Robert to is several times mentioned in Lane. Fines consecrate SpearhafocXo the see of London A.D. 1503-09, is variously spelt Sourbutts, [a.d. 1050] had just excited the minds of SQurbytts, Sourebuttes, Sowerboits, Sower- the people anew against the Franks. buttis. Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 300. What mighte or may the sely larke seye SOWERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Sowerby: v. Whan that the sperhauk hath it in his Sopb(e)y. foot ?— SOWTER = Soutep, q.v. Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., iji. 1191-2. Shakespeare as a dog-name Used by SPARK \ (Eng.) an assim. form of Sparhawk, Soivter yrill cry upon't for all this.— SPARKEJq.v. Twelfth Night, I v. 137. J. (Scand.) a nickname for a Gay Fellow, [M.E. O.N. SPACKMAN = Speakman, q.v. a Gallant spark{e ; spark-r, lively, brisk] SPAFFORD = SpofTord, q.v. Robertus Spark. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. (A.-Lat.-?Phoen.) from Spain, the SPAIN One Ere many days, in her fathers park, Span. Espana, Lat. Spania, Hispania (Gr. Just at the close of eve-a. [usually said to have been named sirai/fa) Again she met with her angry sparke the Phoenicians from the rabbits which ; by Which made this lady grieve-a.^ infested the eastern coast] 'The Baffled Knight,' 93-6: Percy's William de Spayne. Hund.-Rolls. Religues.

The N.T. els T^v'S,%avlav—Romans, xv. Cp. Sprake.

' 24, 28—was translated in to Spayne ' by Wielif (A.D. 1380) andCranmer(A.D. i539)i |pARKf}SPARK(E)'s(Spn). the A.V. (A.D. 161 1) having 'into Spaine.

SPARLING (teut.) = (q.v.) -)- the SPALDING (Eng.) Bel. to Spalding (tines), Spaprowj (double) dim. suff. : cp. Ger. 13th cent. Spalding(e, the A.-Sax. Spdlde- -ling Sperling, 'sparrow.' lyng, Spaldeling, Spauldeling [On the

analogy of Spaldington, Yorks, the last SPARROW I (Epg.) a nickname from the

element iS; the 0-E. fil. sufi. -ing rather SPARROWE J Sparrow [M.E. spar{e)wisi than O.North. and East. E. ing (O.N. ewg), sparowe, etc., O.E. spearwa — Goth, ' a meadow, and the first element a pers. sparma.\ — —— — — — :

176 5parrowhawk Spence

SPARROWHAWK (Eng.) the fuller form of SPEED (Eng.) SUCCESS, FORTUNE, Pros- Sparhawk, q.v. perity [O.E. sped] Roger Sped. Hund. Rolls. Sparsholt SPARSHOLT "I (Eng.) Bel. to SPARSHOTT J (Berks: a.d. 963 and 1229 SPEEDING (Eng.) representing an A.-Sax. Speresholt; Hants: a.d. 900 Speoreshplt) *Speding= Sped's Son [O.E. spM, f., suc- [O.E. holt, a wood.: the first element looks cess, prosperity, etc. + the fil. suff. -ing] like a' pers. name (in the genit.) f. O.E. For ari analogous -!M5--formation on a spere = O.N. spior (pi.), a spear ; but the fem. noun cp. the A.-Sax. Munding. above two place-names would provide almost the only instances of this word (in SPEEDY (Eng.) Prosperous, Fortunate; O.E. neuter like O.Sax. sper) being used (later) Swift [O.Y.. spSdig] as a pers. name, and it is not improb. that SPEER = Spear, q.v. the two holts in question were so named from their containing ash-trees suitable for SPEERS = Spears, q.v.

spear-shafts ; the early forms quoted are SPEET 1 (Teut.) a nickname from the against a derivation f, the O.E. cognate of [M.E. spe(i)ght, S P E i G H T J Woodpecker O.N. sparri, a spar, beam] etc. : cp. Dut. and Ger. specht (O.H.Ger.

SPAUL "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from St. Paul (a speht), woodpecker] SPAULL J common French eccles. place- Hugo Speght.

name) [Fr. saint ; Lat. sanct-us, holy ; and Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. V. Paul] Eve, walking forth about the forrests, SPAULDING, V. Spalding. gathers parrots, peacocks, estrich SPAWFORTH, V. SpofTorth. Speights, scatter'd feathers.— SPEAIGHT, V. Speight. Sylvester's tr. Du Bartas; T. Wright.

SPEIR = Spear (esp. '), q.v. SPEAK "1„ o„„^„ SPEAKEJ'-^P^'^^- SPEIRS, Speir's (Son).

(Eng.) Bel. to Speke (Lanes : Domes- SPEAKMAN (Eng.) Spokesman, Speaker, SPEKE day S/>ec) [a North, form of O.E. spAc, lit. Orator [f. O.E. sp{r)ecan, to speak speech, also ' place of pubUc speaking ' -I- manti\ cp. O.E. sp{r)m«^=SPERE's Son [O.E. spere, a William le Spek.—ff«»rf. Rolls. spear (neuter, like O.Sax. sper; hvA ) (Eng.) Speaker, Orator, O.H.Ger. sper, as mod. speer, was mostly SPELLER SPELLAR y Preacher ; Storyteller [M.E. masc.) 4- the fil. suff. -ing\ f. O.E. spell, a discourse, homily, Cp. Goring. speller{e ; story, narrative + the agent, suff. -e«] 2 perh. also (on grammat. analogy) for Miles le Speller. ' ', , the A.-Sax. spyrigend, investigator Rolls, A.D. 1306-7. 'explorer', 'scout'. Close Speke we of tha spelleres bolde, SPEARIVIAN (Eng.) v. Spear, and -|- man. Sith we have of this lady tolde. Cursor Mundi, 20849-50. SPEARS, Spear's (Son) : v. Spear.

SPECK = Speke, q.v. ^1"^^- SP®"^'"' SPELMAr } (^"g-) *° I-'- SPECKIVIAN = Speakman, q.v. 2for Spillman', q.v. SPEDDING for Speeding, q.v. SPENCE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Keeper of or Assistant in a Provision-Room or Buttery [M.E. SPEDDY for Speedy, q.v. spence, spens(e, O.Fr. despense, L.Lat.

larder ; f. Lat. SPEECHLEY"! (Eng.) Bel. to Spetchley dispensa, dispendere, to weigh out] SPEECHLY J (Wore. : a.d. 967 at Spceclea, del Spens. A.D. 816 SpcBcleahtun) = the Speech-Lea Thomas (evid. a field where public meetings were Pat,Rolls,Pi..'D.izJ,o. held) [O.E. spate, speech, also ' palace of Al vinolent [full of wine] as hotel in

public speaking ' + ledh, m., dat. led, the spence. — meadow, field] Chaucer, Cdnt, Tales, D 1931. — ——— — — — ——— ——

177 spencer Spillin

In-to ane spence with vittell greit SPICER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dealer in Spices plentie, [M.E. spicer(e, spycer, A.-Fr. espicer (Fr. Baith cheis and butter upone thair spicier, grocer) ; O.Fr. espice, spice + the

skelfis hie [high shelves]. agent, suff. -er (Lat. -aris) ; Lat. species, Henryson, The Uplandis Mous, 102-3. with subsid. meaning 'merchandise'] Richard Lespicer. SPENCER "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dispenser (of Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4. SPENSER j provisions), Buttery or Larder Keeper [M.E. spencer, spenser{e, O.Fr. Spiceres [var. spycers] speken with hym To spien hire {their] ware. despencier, dispensier, L.Lat. dispensari-us ; f. Lat. dispendere, to weigh out] Piers Plowman, 1332-3.

John le Spencer. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. SPICKERNELL"! see the commoner form SPICKNELL JSplgurnell. Henry le Spenser.— do. Roger le Spenser. SPICKFATT (Eng.) a trade nickname (= Bacon-Fat) for a Pork - Butcher Lane. Fine's, A.D. 1384. [O.E. spic, bacon, lard + fckti] The spensere and the botillere [butler] bothe, SPIER = Spyer, q.v. i There has been

The kyng with hem was ful wrothe. SPIERS = Spyers, q.v. J some confusion Cursor Mundi, 4447-8. with Spelr(s, Spear(8, q.v. Syr Hugh the spencer that was the kynges chamberlayne. SPIGURNELL (prob. Teut;) This obsolete official Caxton, Chrott. Eng., cxc. iii. title of the sealer of the King's writs is said The Spenser come with keyis in his to owe its origin to Godfrey hand, Spigumell or Spigornell, the holder of Opinit the dure, and thame at denner the office under Hen. UL (see, e.g., fand. Carpentier, ' Gloss. Nov.', 1766, p. 847, quoting Rapin-Thoyras [the surname Henryson, The Uplandis Mous, 132-3. prob. represents a nickname f. the Low SPENDER (A.-LatO Bursar; Paymaster Ger. spiker-nagel = Mod. High Ger. 'spike-nail' [M.E. spender ; f. O.E. spendan, to spend speichemagel, E. (whence prob. Lat. expendere, to weigh out, pay out] the E. plant-name 'spicknel', 'spignel'] Johannes Spender. These Bohuns were by inheritance for a good while the Kings Spigumelh, that YorltsPoll-Tax,A.T). 1379. is, the Sealers of his Writs. Sometimes the duties of the spender Holland's tr. Camden's Brit., ed. 1637, seem to have been considered equivalent p. 312. to those of the spenser or spencer (v. Godefr' Spigornell. Spencer): cp. Dut. spinden, 'to distribute Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1205-6. hTea&';spittde, 'pantry'. Nicholas Spikernel. SPENDLOVEA (Eng.) a nickname for an Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

SPENDLOW , Amorous Individual [f. O.E. SPIKING (Eng.) a nickname f. the 0.(N.)E. SPENLOVE spendan, to spend lufu, + spicing, m., 'a spike', 'nail'. SPENLOW ' love] Cp. North. Dial, spiking, 'a large nail'. The d was dropped comparatively early: we find Spendelove in the Hundred-Rolls SPILL (Teut.) an old pers. name (Spil-) f. O.E. spilian (M.E. spilen) = O.T

178 Spilling Spons;(e

SPILLING, V. Spill, and + the O.Teut. fil. SPIRING, a weak form of Spearing, q.v. sxiS.-ing. SPITAL ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at or by SPILLINGS, Spilling's (Son). SPITTALL (or attendant in) a Hospital SPITTLE J [M.t.spitel,spital,O.VT.(h)ospilal 1 SPILLMAN = Spill (q.v.) + man. (Fr. hSpital) ; L.Lat. hospitale, a large

Richard Spileman. house ; Lat. hospitalis, relating to a guest Gt. Inq. Serv., A.D. 1212. or host] Nicholas Spilman. Testa de Nevill. Richard atte Spitale. Cp. Dan.-Norw. spillemand, 'fiddler'; Pari. Writs, A.D. 1300.

musician' ; Dut. Swed. spelman, 'mean Lete bere hem [them] to the spitel anoon.

'showman' ; Fris. spelleman, spilman, spyl- —Rom. of the Rose, C 6505. Wfflw, 'fiddler', 'bandsman'; Ger. spielmann, Spit(t)al or Spittle is a fairly-common 'musician', 'fiddler' (M.H.Ger. spilman, British place-name : Spittal, Pemb., 'musician', 'minstrel', jester'). "had formerly a chapel or hospital be- 2 for Spellnnan', q.v. '' longing to Slebech preceptory ; Spittal, SPILSBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Spelsbury Lines, has "St. Edmund's hospital, which (Oxon), the A.-Sax. Speolesburh=SPEOl.'s was founded for poor women prior to Stronghold {the pers. name is f. a var. 1330"; Spittle-Hill, Northumb., "had

of O.E. spilian, to play : v. Spill]- formerly a hospital dedicated to St. Leonard" (Nat Gas., 1868). SPILSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Spilsby (Lines), A.D. 1254-5 and 1304-5 Spillesby [the pers. SPITTLEHOUSE = Spittle (q.v.) + E. house, name (in the genit.) is more likely from O.E. hus. O.N. spila, to play (cp. than f. Spilsbury) SPITTLEMAN = Spittle (q.v.) + man. O.N. spilla, to destroy : h O.N. bf-r, standis quhisling estate, farm] Quhen Symkin with ane quhip and ane gaid [goad] . . . SPINDELOW (Eng.) like Spend low for Moist [most] like ane spittellman—suld q.v. Spendlove, I have ane of thoise? SPINDLER (Eng.) Spindle-Maker [M.E. The Fermorar &his Dochter, 49, 52. spin(d)el, O.E. spinl, spindle + the agent. SPLATT, a West. Eng. freq.of Piatt, q.v. [cp. suff. -ere] the Devon, splat-footedtoxplat-footed, splay- SPINK (Scand.) a nickname from the Finch footed ; and Devon, splat, a large spot] [M.E. and Dial. E. and Scot, spini (late Cp. Spiott.

M.E. a finch ; of Scand. orig.: spynke), cp. SPLOTT (EngO Dweller at a Plot of Land Dial. Scand. spink(e, a small bird] [O.E. spiott, a spot, plot of land] Emma Spink. Hund. Rolls. William atte Splotte.— The larke with his longe to Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. The spynke, and the martynet also.

Skelton, Phyllyp Sparowe, 406-7. SPOFFORD "I (Eng. or A.-Scand.) Bel. to Spofforth The gpviAspink, music's gayest child. SPOFFORTH J (Yorks), 14th cent. Spofford, Domesday Spoford [O.E. ford, a Burns, Bruar Water, 43. ford, forth : the first element is obscure SPINKS, Spink's (Son). from lack of suff. early documentary evidence, not is f. SPINNER, the M.E. spinner(e, spynner{e [f. but improb. O.N. spol-r, rail, O.E. spinnan, to spin] a bar ; hardly O.E. spor, a track] SPIRE, V. Spyep. SPON (Eng.) Dweller at the sign of the Spoon [M.E. spon, O.E. spdn] SPIRES, V. Spyers. SPONG(E (Eng.) Dweller at i a Bog or SPI RETT, a weak form (through the intermed. Swamp [Dial. East. E. spoug, a boggy

Spyrad: Yorks, a.d. 1379) of Spirhard, place ; app. a guttural form of O.E. sponge q.v. (Lat. spongia), a sponge : cp. Gael, spong, Ir. spone, Wei. yspwng. Corn, f. SPIRHARD (Scand.) Spear-Brave [O.N. spong, all Lat. spongia; also Scand. svamp, a *Spiorhar^-r—spiSr (=O.E. spere), spear sponge] -f- har^r (=O.E. h(e)ard), hard, brave] Philip Spirhard. 2 a Narrow Piece of Land [Dial. East. Hund. Rolls (Norf.), A.D. 1274. E. spong; app. conn, with O.N. spSng, a Johannes Spirard. flake, and E. Fris. spange, a thin plate] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. " One cottage and spong of ground in Cp. Gerard. Desford aforesaid"—ie«c. Gloss., p. 252. — ——— — ; —

m Spoonei* Springold

SPOON ER (Eng.) Spoon-Maker or -Seller SPRATLING = Sppat(t, Sppot(t, q.v. H-the

[M.E. sponer ; M.E. spop, O.E. spSm a chip E. double dim. suff. -l-ing. of wood, spoon suff. -ere] + the agent, There has been some confusion with SPORRIER = Spuprlep, q.v. Spraokling, q.v. William le Sporier. SPRAT(T, V. Sppot(t. Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1302-3. SPREADBOROUGH] (Eng.) Spottis- SPOTTISWOOD ] Bel. to SPREADBURY UorSppotbopOUgh.q.v. SPOTTISWOODE ^wood (Berwick) = SPREDBURY J SPOTTSWOOD J Spot(t)'s Wood [the I for q.v. pers. name is no doubt a nickname (as in SPREAG Sppigg, the case of Wulfric Spot, Earl of Mercia, 2 for Sppague, Sppaok, q.v. d. loio) from M.E. O.E. spot, a spot (cp. does not seem to be an Eng. O.N. spotii, spott-r, m., a bit, small piece SPRECKLEY local name, and it therefore prob. repre- and M.Dut. spotten, to spot, stain) rather sents the O.Scand. nicknajne Sprakalegg-r than f. O.N. spidt, n., a spear] [O.N. spraka, to creak, etc. + legg-r, leg] "... Robert de Spottiswood, who was born in the reign of King Alex- SPRIGENS 1 _ e„„:tftfi„o nv ander III. and died in that 'Of Robert SPRIGGENSJ-^P'^'^S'"^''!''- Bruce". Burke's Landed Gentry. SPRIG (Teut.) a nickname f. the O.Low G I SPRACK (Scand.) Lively, Quick, Brisk, SPRIGGE/Ger. word seen in Mod.L.Ger. sprikk, Fris. sprik(ke, stick, Alert [Dial. E. ; O.N. sprcek-r, spark-r, O.N. sprek, a twig, O.E. sprcec,. a shoot, twig. sprightly, &c. : cp. Dial. Swed. sprdk,

sprdg, talkative ; and Spapk(e'] Sprig.—^A small, slender person. William Sprak. Lonsdale Gloss., p. 79. Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. SPRIGGIN = Sprigg (q.v.) 4- the A.-Fr. dim. SPRACKETT= Sprack+the Fr. dim. suff. -et. suff. -in. William Spraket. William Spiigia.—Hund. Rolls (Norf.) Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. SPRIGGINS 1 SPRACKLIN 1 =Spraok (q.v.)-|-the double SPRIGGINGS tSPRiGGiN's (Son). dim. suff. -el-in. SPRACKLEN J SPRIGINGS J SPRACKLING i = Spraok (q.v.) + the SPRIGGS, Sprigg's (Son) : v. Sprigg. double dim. suff. -l-ing. (Eng.) i Dweller at a Fountain (rarely) 2 for the well-known O.Scand. SPRING [O.E. spryng; f. springan, to burst nickname Sprakalegg-r, 'Creaking Leg'. forth] 2 Dweller at a or Spracling-us occurs as a pers. name in Grove Young Wood the 'Liber Vitse Dunelm'. [Dial. E.] The nightingale, There has been confusion with Sprat- among the thick-leav'd spring.— ling, q.v. Fletcher, Faithful Shepherdess, v. i.

ipRA§BRSw}f°'^SprotbOPOUgh,q.v. 3 Active, Nimble [Dial. E. ; O.E. springan, to spring] SPRAGG SPRAGUE U. Sppack. SPRINGALL \ (A.-Fr,-Teut.) a term applied

SPR1NGLE I to an Active, Nimble Indi- SPRAKE . SPRINGALD jviDUAL [M.E. He is a good sprag memory. springal{d, a SPRINGOLD I youth, stripling (also a military Merry Wives of W., IV. i. 84. engine) ; O.Fr. espringale, a dance, a = (q.v.) the SPRAGGON Sppagg, Sprack + military engine ; f. O.Sax. O.H.Ger. Fr. augm. suff. -on. springan =? O.N. springa, to spring] SPRAGGONS, Spraggon's (Son). In the Hundrpd-RoUs (a.d. 1274) we find the surname Springald, the vocalized SPRAKELING = Sprackling, q.v. form Springaud, and the iinit. form Springold. SPRATLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sproatley (Yorks), There came Domesday Sprotele, Sprotelai=SPROTA's two springals of full tender yeares.—Spenser, Faerie Queene, V. Lea [v. Sproat, Sppot(t, and -)- M.E. ley, x. 6. O.E. 7?4A, a lea] Springall is occ. for Sppinghall, — ; —— — ;

i8o Springett Squires

SPRINGETT I = Spring' (q.v.) + the A.-Fr. SPURGEONI said to be palatalized meta- dim. suff. -et. SPURGIN J thetic forms of the I3th-cent. Norfolk Cp. the French surname Sprenguet. Sprigin, through the i6th-cent. form Spurgynne (v. Spriggin). This is 2 a weak form of Springald, q.v. not impossible ; but Spurgeon would readily represent a conceivable nickname (Eng.) Dweller at i the SPRINGHALL Hall 'Spur-John'. by the Spring [O.K. spryng + h(e)all] 2 the Spring-Nook [O.E. spryng + SPURUING = Spup' (q.v.) + the (double)

h(e)al(h, a corner, nook] dim. suff. -l-ing. : cp. the Ger. Sperling, 'sparrow'. There are two Spring Halls in Camb. and one in Suff. SPURMAN (Eng.) Tracker; Scout [O.E. has confusion There been some with speremann, spyremann; conn, with O.E. Spplngall. spor, a track] Rog'us Spurman de Caton. SPROAT = Sprott, q.v. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1329. SPROOLE\ (Eng.) Energetic, Active [Dial. (Eng.) Kicker [O.E. spurul, SPROULE E. : cp. M.E. sproul, M.Scpt. SPURRELL SPROWLE 'spreul, to sprawl, O.E. spredwlian, 'given to kicking or trampling' (?)]

SPRULE / 'to move convulsively' ; whence also Devon, sproil, active, agile, and SPURRIER (Eng.) Spur-Maker [M.E. spure,

spore the agent, suff. -ier ; O.E. spura, North. E. (1781 : K.Ti.S.) sprewl, 'to spurn +

and kick . . .'] spora, a spur] Cp. Spoppler. SPROSON I for Sproat's Son: v. Sproat, Sppott. SPURWAY (Eng.) Dweller at a Track-Way [O.E. spor, a track -|- weg, a way] 2 for Sproston, q.v. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Spier, SPROSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sproston (Chesh.), SPYER Spy,Watchman, 14th cent. Sprouston = Sprot's Estate Scout [f. M.E. espyen, O.Fr. espier (Fr. dpier), O.H.Ger. spekon, to spy] [v. Sppot(t, and + O.E. tun\ William le Spiour. SPROTBOROUGH\(Eng.) Bel. to Sprot- Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1301-2. SPROTBURY /borough (Yorks), 13th cent. Sprotburghe, Domesday Sproteburg Robertas Spyer. = Sprota's StrongholdD [v. under Yorks Pott-Tax, A.D. 1379. = O.N, The mod. Fr. 4pieur has also developed the meaning 'eavesdropper', 'Paul Pry'. SPROT(T (Eng.) the- A.-Sax Sprot(a, a pers. name f. sprota, m. ( = O.N. sprott), 'a sprout', SPYERS, (the) Spyer's (Son). 'shoot', 'peg' [conn, with O.E. sprott = Dut. sprot = L.Ger. sprotte, a sprat ; and SQUAREYl (A..Fr.-Lat.) Short and Fat cp. Dut. spruit, a sprout, child] SQUARY ; [North. E. : cp. O.Fr. esquarrS, WiUiam Sprot. squared, L.Lat. exquadrare, to square Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1350. i. Lat. quadrare'] Richard Sprot. SQUEER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Squire, Knight's Hund. Soils, A.D. 1274. ] SQUIER ^ Attendant; Ut. Shield-Bearer SPRUNT (Eng.) Active, Vigorous [Dial. E. SQUIRE J \M..K. squier, squyer, O.Fr. escuier, escuyer (Fr. Scuyer), a squire f. O.E. spryn(s)d] ; L.Lat. scutarius, a shield-bearer ; Lat. scutum, a SPUR irScand.) a nickname from the shield] le SPURR J Sparrow [O.N. spsrr] John Squier.—/fwBrf. Rolls.

(Eng.) a sign-name or trade-name from A Knyght ther was . . . the Spur [M.E. spure, O.E. spura] With hym ther was his sone, a yong Squier.— SPURGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname or local Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 43, 79. name from the plant so called [E. spurge, O.Fr. e)spurge (Fr. spurge), named from Squeer's, Squier's, Squire's jts 'cleansing away' warts ; f. Lat. expur- IquierI® I (^°")- gare, to clefin§e away] squiRES J —— — —;

i8i Squibb Staindrop

SQUIBB (Scand.) a nickname for a Petty Stackpole-Elidor, co. Pembroke, "is Fellow [f. M.E. squippen, swippen, to situated on the shore of Stackpole Creek in move swiftly, flash ; O.N. suipd] and Head, opposite the Stack Rocks the Bristol Channel."—ATat. Gaz. Or asked for their pas by everie squib That list at will them to revile or snib. (Eng.) I Bel. to Stafford (Staffs), Spenser, Prosopopoia, 371-2. STAFFORD the Domesday Stadford, Stafford = the SQUILLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Keeper of the Staith or Landing-Place Ford [O.E.

Dishes ; Dish-Washer [M.E. A.-Fr. iteSJ, a bank, shore; hence, a landing- squyl(i)er, squeler; f. O.Fr. escuelle (Ft. place \-ford\ ecuelle), Lat. scutella, dish] a "It is impossible to doubt that the original form was Stmthford."— SQUIRRELL (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a nickname Duignan, Staffs Place-Names, p. 141. from the Squirrel [M.E. squyrel, squirel, A.-Fr. esqurel, O.Fr. escurel (Fr. icureuit), 2 Dweller at the Stave-Ford (i.e. a L.Lat. scurellus, a dim. f. Lat. sciurus, Gr. ford which was marked out or facilitated

' (FKlovpos, a squirrel] by staves) [O.E. sttBf, a staff, stave, stick + ford\ STABLE(S, in addition to its face-meaning, There are hamlets called Stafford in may occ. be tor Staple(8, q.v. Somerset, Devon, etc. STABLEFORD for Stapleford, q.v. STAGG (A.-Scand.) i a nickname and sign- STABLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Stableman [M.E. name from the Stag [M.E. stagge. Late

stab(e)ler, f. stabel, stable, with the agent. O.E. stagga, a stag ; O.N. stegg-r, steggi,

suff. -er ; O.Fr. estable, a stable, Lat. siabul- male bird, animal] a stall, stable] unt, Dialectally, 'stag' was applied in Eng- William le Stabler.—Hunrf. Rolls. land to other male animals (and birds) besides the hart. STAGE, a contr. of i Eustace, q.v. 2 a voiced form of Stack, q.v. 2 the French Anastase: v. under Anstice Cp. 'Stag Rock,' off Anglesey, and the (for Anstace). various Irish 'Stag-Rocks' or 'Stags.' Roger Stace.—Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

Johannes Stase. STAG MAN (A.-Scand.) Stag -Keeper [v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. under Stagg, and + E. man\ Robertus Stace.-r a Scot, and N.E. of q.v. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 142 1-2. STAIG, form Stagg,

STAGEY I the M.Lat. Stacius for the well- STAILEY, V. staley. STACY known Lat. Statins [f. Lat. status, STAGYEJ stability, prosperity, etc.] STAIN (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Stain ; or Stacius le Boloneis. Cal. Rot. Pat. Dweller at a Stone, i.e. a Rock, or Stone Castle [O.E. stdn = O.N. stei«»] 2 a contr. of the Lat. Anastasius: v. under Anstice (for Anstace). Cp. Staines.

3 = Stace (q.v.) -f the E. dim. suff. -y. STA1NB(0)R0UGH (Eng.) Bel. to Stain- Johannes Stacy. b(o)rough (W. Yorks), the Domesday Inq. adq. Damn., A.D. 1314-15. Stanburg = the Stone or Rock Strong- Stacy Hernowe. hold [O.E. stdn + burg] Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. (Eng.) Bel. to Robertus Stasy. STAIN BURN Stainburn ; or Dweller at the Stony Brook [O.E. stdn, Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. a stone + burne, a brook] STAGK "1 (Scand.) Dweller at a Stack, or The Yorks place was Stanbume in STAGKE Steep Rock or Hill [O.N. stakk-r J Domesday-Book. (Dan.-Norw. stak, Swed. stacK), a stack borrowed by Gael, (stac, a cliiT, steep hill] STAI N DRO P (Eng. or Scand.)Bel. to Staindrop (Durham), form. Stainthorp = the Stone STACKPOOL ] (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Stack- DwELHNG(s [O.E. stdn = pool or [v. O.N. steinn + STAGKPOOLE \ Stackpole under O.E. O.N. yorp] STACPOOLE J Stack, and + M.E. poole, jpoJe, O.E.jEi(;;, apool] This name was Latinized Vicus Saxeus, ; — .:

I82 Stainer Stalmine

STAINER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Painter, Decorator STALLARD (Eng.) for Stallward=STABLE- stall, stable ^hort for Distainer; f. O.Fr. desteindre Keeper [O.E. st{e)aU, a +. (Fr. dSteindre), to take away the colour w(e)ard, keeper] Lat. dis-, a privative + tingere, to dye] (Scand.) for the O.Scand. pers. name (Teut.) lor the O.Scand. pers. name Stdlha^r= Steel-Hard. Steinarr for Sleinharr, A.-Sax. Stdnhere = to Stalbridge RocK(-Firm)-ARMY [O.N. steinn = O.E. STALLBRIDGE] (Eng.) Bel. (Dorset), early - 14th - cent. Stan (=Goth. stains), stone, rock + O.N. STALBRI DG E J a.d. Stapulbricg -harr, herr -O.E. here, army] Stapelbrigge, Stapelbrig, 998 [O.E. stapol, -ul, a post, pillar, staple -|- The mod. Norweg. forms are Steinar, O.E.bricg, brycg, abridge] Stener. Scand.) Marshal [O.E. STAINES (Eng.) Bel. to Staines (M'sex), a STALLER (Eng. and \ st(e)allere=O.N. stallart] STAINS ) pi. form of the A.-Sax. Sirf« = the Boulder, Rock, or Stone House or In the instance of the Marshal, the

Castle. Anglo-Saxon . . Stallere (Comes Stabuli).. is seldom designated the 'cyninges hors- The short A.-Saxon charter of the Con- thegn'. Of these stalleres or constables fessor in which this place is referred to in several are mentioned at the same time, the dative as Stane (TDipl. Angl.', p. 4 14) is in some districts appear as standard- superscribed (doubtless dating from a who bearers. The first ot them • had the later period) " Carta beati Regis Edwardi highest rank both in the writena-gemfit de Wyndesora et Stanes." and in the field. It usedto'be thought that Staines owed Lapp.-Thorpe, A.-Sax. Kings, ii. 381- its name to an old stone marking the boundary of the jurisdiction of the Cor- STALLI BRASS (Fr.) mayrepresent a L.Lat. poration of London over the Thames to STALLEBRASS • *Stalibraci-um, 'Steel Arm', the West. STALLYBRASSJ either as a nickname or evidence is lacking Cp. Stanes. heraldic name; but [*L.Lat. stall) of steel, f. Teut. (O.H.Ger. STAINFIELD = Stanfield, q.v. stahal, jM/=O.N. stdl) + L.Lat. bracium (Fr. bras), Lat. brachium, an arm] STAIN FORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Stainford or the STAINFORTH J Stainforth (Yorks), STALLMAN 1 (Eng.)i Stable-Man, 2 BooTH- stall, Domesday Stainforde= the Stone-Ford STALMAN J Man [M.E. stal{le, a [O.E. sta'B +ford] stable, place, booth ; O.E. st{e)all, a stall, stable, place -|- man\ STAIN SBY (Scand.) Bel. to Stainsby (Lines, Derby) =Steinn's Dwelling or Estate Occ. for Stalmine, q.v. [the genit. of O.N. steinn, a stone, rock 4- STALLOM (Eng.) Bel. to Stalhara (Norf. b$-r, estate, etc.] 1 STALLON [ 13th cent. 5teZM»», Stalham)=t\i^ - STAINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stainton (a common STALLUM J Stall Enclosure [M.E. stal, Eng. place-name), 13th cent. Stanton, O.E. s({e)all, a stall, stable + M.E. ham, O.E. harn{m, a piece of laud, enclosure] Staynlon, A.-Sax. Stdntdn : v. Stanton. (Eng.) app. not a local name, STAIR (Gael.) Dweller at a Marsh - Path STALLWOOD of [O.E. or the Stepping Stones [Gael, stair; but an imit. form Stalwart serviceable] prob. conn, with, if not borrowed from, stal'wyr^e, Eng. 'stair'] STALLWORTH ] (Eng.) Stalwart [M.E. Stair, Ayrshire, is on the R, Ayr. STALLWORTHY J stalworth(,y, stalew(tt)rthe, (Eng.) see Stare. etc. ; O.E. sttel-wyr\>e, serviceable] John le Stalewrthe.—i^MBrf. Rolls. STALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Staley (-Bridge), Chesh., 14th cent. Stavelegh, Staveley = tiie STALMINE (Scand.) Bel. to Stalmine Stave-Lea (i.e. a meadow enclosed by (N.Lancs), 13th cent. Stalmyn, Staleminne,

staves : cp. 'Hedgeley') [O.E. staf + ledhj Stalmin, Domesday Stalmin [the second element is O.N. minni, mynni, mouth (of

(Eng.) Stalker ; hence Fowler, STALKER a river, valley, etc.) ; in Engl, usage [i. O.E. to stalk] Hunter st{e)alcian, app. also applied to a junction of roads : William le Stalkere.— the first element is either O.N. stalli, Ch&h' Cbmbrlm'. Aacti., A,D. 1303.4, (heathen) altar, qx stuU-r^ % staUj — : — — — ;

183 Stamford Standring:

STAMFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stamford (Lines STAN DEN (Eng.) Bel. to Standen; or or Valley A.-Sax. . Stdnford), Stamford (Bridge) Dweller at the Stony Rocky (Yorks: A.-Sax. Stdnford (Bricg) = tiie [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock + denu, dat. dene, Stone-Ford (i.e. a ford whose passage a valley] was facilitated stones.) by We find 'in stdndene', e.g., in a Wilts STAMFORDHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stamford- charter dated a.d. 778. ham (Northumb.), a.d. i 200-1 Stanford- Thomas de Standene. ham [v. under Stamford, and -H O.E. Lane. Inq., A.D. 1292. ham(m, piece of land, enclosure] Confused with Standon, q.v. STAMMERS (Eng.) a nickname for a Stammerer or Stutterer [M.E. STANDERING, v. Standring. stameren, O.E. stamerian, to stammer] STANDFIELD for Stanfield, q.v. STAMPER (Eng.) Pounder; Thrasher; Printer; Minter [M.E. stamper{e\ i. STANDFORD for Stanford, q.v. M.E. stampen, O.E. stempan, to stamp, pound] At Standford, Kent, "the ancient Stane Street crosses a brook". John Stamper. Hund. Rolls.

STANANOUGHT (Eng.) app. for 'Stand-at- STANDING I for Stanning, q.v. nought' (a nickname). (rarely) 2 for Standen, q.v. STANBERY \ 1 for Stanbury, q.v. DISH (Eng.) Bel. to Standish (Lanes: STANBERRY J 2 for Stanborough, q.v. STAN 14th cent. Standissh, Standisch, 13th cent. 1 (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Stan- STANBOROUGH Standische, Stanedisse, \2th ce.xA. Statiedis STANBRA V borough; or Dweller at Glouc. : 14th cent. Standish, Stanedish, the Hill [O.E. STANBROUGH J Rocky a.d. Sy2 Stanedis (Lat. charter) = the Stony stdn, a stone, rock' heorh, heorg, ahiVi\ + or Rocky Enclosure or Park [O.E. stdn, (with dative Stdnbeorh and Stdnbeorg a stone, rock + edisc, an enclosure, park] -beorge and -beorwe) are fairly common in The Lane. Standish seems to have A^-Sax. charters. Stanborough, Devon, been the more fruitful source of the sur- was Stahberewe a.d. 1312-13. name. The famous Miles Standish 2 for Stanbury, q.v. carried it to America Cp. Stainborough. He was a gentlemen born, could trace his pedigree plainly STAN BRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanbridge; or Back to Hugh Standish of Duxbury Hall, Dweller at the Stone-BRidge [O.E. stdn in Lancashire, England, +brycg] Who was the son of Ralph, and the Stanbridge, Beds, was Stanbrigge and grandson of Thurston de Standish. Stanbrugge ia the M.E. period. Longfellow, The Ctshp. ofMiles Standish, iii. 140-2. STANBURY (Eng.) i Bel. to Stanbury; or Dweller at the Stone or Rock Fortifi- STANDLEY for Stanley, q.v. cation [O.E. stdn + burh, dat. byrig]

2 for Stan b(o) rough, q.v. STAN DON (Eng.) Bel. to Standon ; or Dweller at the Rocky Hill [O.E. a stone, STANGLIFF(E(Eng.) Bel. to Stancliff(e; or stdn, rock dun, a hill] Dweller by the Rocky Cliff [O.E. stdn, + a stone, rock-|-c/«/, clyf] Standon, Herts, was Standuneia a Latin

A Stdnclyf, e.g., occurs in a Wilts charter, a.d. 944-6 ; but Standon, Staffs, charter dated a.d. 850. ace. to Duignan, wasStantone (cp.Stanton) in Domesday-Book (this is, however, STAN DAG E for Standedge, q.v. prob. an error, as we find a ' Robertus de STANDEDGE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i the Stony Standon' mentioned in conn, with Stan- STANDIDGE J or KocKY Edge or Hill- don, Staffs, in the Charter-Rolls, a.d. 1283). Ridge [M.E. stan(e, O.E. stdn, a stone, Confused with Standen, q.v. rock -|- M.E. egge, an edge, (dial.) a hill*

ridge ; O.E. ecg, an edge] STANDRING (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the In this case the first d in the name is Stone Ring or Circle [O.E. stdn + the common post-n dental intrusion. hring] 2 the Stone Ditch or Dike [Dial. E. Stannering occurs as a Lane, surname 4itshy a dike, fence ; O.E. dk} in the 17th cent, —— . ; — —

184 Stanes Stannart

STANES: v. Staines; but there is also a STANIER (Eng.) Stone-Worker [M.N.E. agent. Lines hamlet, Stane(s, which prob. in- stance (O.E. stdn) -I- the A.-Fr. volves the O.N. steinn 'a stone,' 'rock,' suff. -ier} 'stone dwelling.' STANIFORD 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony [M.E. stany, STAN I FORTH J or Paved Ford : v. Stainsby. STANESBY O.E. stdnig + M.E. forth, ford, O.E. ford] STANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Stanfield (M.E. Cp. Stainford, Stainfopth, Stanford. Stanfeld, Slanefeld); or Dweller at the (Eng.) Dweller at the Stony Stony or Rocky Field or Plain [O.E. STANILAND Land [O.E. stdnig -I- land] stdn, a stone, rock + feld] (Eng.) Dweller at the Paved (Eng.) Bel. to Stanford; or STANISTREET STANFORD (usually Roman) Road [O.E. stdnig,slony, Dweller at the Stone (i.e. Paved)- Ford paved 4- street (Lat. strata via), road] [O.E. stdn -Vford\ Richard de Stanistretei [place-name ... on Stanford of Stanforda [dat. case] . . now Stanney Street]. (...into Stanford; from Stanford...) Lane Inq., A.D. 1307. Wore. Land-Charter c. A.D. 757. Adam de Stanford. Hund. Rolls. STANK \(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by the Pool STANG [Dial. E. : O.Fr. estang, Lat. stagnant, This name was Latinized de Vado Saxi. J a pool of standing water] Cp. Stamford. STANLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanley; or Dweller STANGER(Eng.) i Pole-Dresser or -Maker at the Stony or Rocky Lea [O.E. stdn, [M.E. stang(e, O.E. stang = O.N. stong, a a stone, rock + ledh (M.E. ley), a lea] pole, stake -|- the agent, suff. -ere} The M.S.E. forms of this common

2 Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Gore place-name were Stanleg(h, Stanley{e ; the [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock -|- gdr(a, a three- M.N.E. forms Stanelegh, Stanelay, Staynley, cornered piece of land, a projection] etc. A land-name Stdngdr is mentioned, in Stanelia Monaster' Stanleya pro connexion with Upminster, in a charter Stanley.—5ot Chart., A.D. 1203-4. io62)oftheConfessor's,'Dipl.Angl.', (A.D. Stanleg Abbatia Ciscestr' ordinis. P- 395- Rot. Chart., A.D. 1226-7. de Staugar. Jordan The two foregoing entries relate to the Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. old Cistercian priory at Stanley or Stanleigh, Wilts. STANHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stanhara ; or The Liverpool suburb Stanley its Dweller at i the Stone House [O.E. owes stdn + hdwi] name indirectly to the Staffordshire Stanley through the great Stanley 2 the Stone or Stony Enclosure or family. Piece of Land [O.E. stdn + ham{m\ This name was usually Latinized de 'aet of a Latin A.-Sax. The Stanham' + Pascuo Lapidoso. charter a.d. 932 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 692) refers to Stoneham, Hants, which is STANMER(E (Eng.) Bel. to Stanmer (Suss.), claimed to be the Roman 'ad Lapidem' the A.-Sax. (8th cent.) Stdnmere = the and as the Lat. lapis, lapidis, in addition Stony or Rocky Lake [O.E. stdn, aj to its primary meaning, also denoted a stone, rock -f mere, a lake, pool] boundary-stone, sepulchral stone, mile- Stanmer is near Palmer, whose mere stone, etc., 'Stoneham' may owe its first still exists. element to a stone of this Kind. STANMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Stanmore (M'sex: (Eng.) Bel. to Stanhope; or STANHOPE Domesday Stanmera, a.d. 793 Stdnmere f Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Hope Berks : A.D. 948 Stdnmere) = the Stony or (Mountain Recess or Hollow) [O.E. stdn, Rocky Lake [v. under Stanmer(e]

: a stone, rock ; and v. Hope'] Gt. Stanmore, M'sex, "includes the The parish of Stanhope, Durham, 13th district of Stanmore Marsh." cent. Stanhop, is mostly "rugged and mountainous."' STANNARDl (Teut.) Stone-Hard, Rock- STANNARTJ Firm [A.-Sax. Stdnh{e)ard= STANHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the Stone O.N. Steinhar^-r = O.Ger. Steinhart, etc.: House 10.E. stdn + h^] O.E.i&«« =O.N.ite««« = O.H.Ger. stein - — ; "

185 Stanney Staple

Goth. stain-s= O.Sa.x. stin, a stone, rock StdntUn occurs fairly frequently in deeds O.E. h{e)ard = , + O.N. har^-r = O.H.Ger. of the A.-Saxon period : in Latin charters hart = Goth, hardu-s = O.Sax. hard, hard, typically " in loco qui dicitur Stantun

firm] (without vowel-marks) ; in A.-Saxon docu- Stanard-us occurs in both Domesday ments "ssiStdntiine" (dat. case). Stanton is and the Hundred-Rolls, the latter having the usual form in the i3th-cent. Hundred- also Stannard and Stonhard. Rolls. At Stanton-Drew, Soms., are "circles

of large stones" ; at Stanton-Harcourt, STANNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanney (Chesh.: Oxon, are "a number of large stones called Domesday Staiiei); or Dweller at i the the Devil's Coits"; and in descriptions of Stony, or Rocky Island or Waterside several of our Stantons particular mention [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock+i^, island, etc.] is made of stone-quarries. (occ.) 2 the Stony or Rocky Hey or STANWAY (Eng.) Bel. to Stanway; or Dweller Hay (Enclosure) [O.E. ge)hwg, haga] at the Stone or Paved (often Roman) Road [13th and 14th cent. stanwey{e', O.E. STANNIFORD = Staniford, q.v. stdn weg\ Stanway, Glouc, on a Roman way, is STANNING (Scand.) Bel. to Staining (N. referred to in an A.-Saxon charter c. a.d. Lanes), 13th cent. Staning, Staynyng, 800 ('Cart. Sax.' no. as "on ealdan Stayning, Stenenge = the Stony or Rocky 299) stdnwege" (&iA. case)—"on to the oXAstone Meadow [O.N. steinn (O.E. stdn), a stone, way"; Stanway, Essex, also on a Roman rock + eng (O.N.E. ing), a meadow] road, occurs in an A.-Sax. will c. a.d. 972 de Adam Staning. ('Dipl. Angl.', p. 522) as "aet Stdnwegun", Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246. where -un represents the dat. pi. suff. -urn. STANNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stannington STANWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Stanwick (North-

ants : 13th cent. ; Yorks : (Northumb. : 13th and 14th cent. Staning- Stanewig Domes- ton; Yorks)=the Estate of the StAn- day Steinuege, Stenuueghe) = the Stone or Family [A.-Sax. *Stdninga'-tun—stdn, Paved Road [O.E. stdn (= O.N. steinn) +

stone, rock, precious stone ; -inga, genit. O.E. weg (= O.N. ueg-r, Goth, wig-s^ pi. of the fil. suff. -jn^ + t»i«, estate, 'Stanwick' is therefore a Northern farm, etc.] (guttural) form of Stanway, q.v. The Yorks place is "on the Roman way = q.v. STANNISTREET Stanistreet, from Catterick." STAN N US (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the The Northants place occurs as Stane- Stone House [O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn ivigge in a charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 22) which + O.E. O.N. hAs'\ is dated a.d. 664 but which (even if genuine) STANSBIE1 is evidently a copy made centuries later. =Stain8by,_e+„:„.h» q.v.n„ STANSBY I STANWIX is for Stanwicks, a pi. form of Stanwick, q.v. STANSFELD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Stansfield (Yorks: STANSFIELD / Domesday Stanesfelt ; Stanwix, Cumb. (14th cent. Staymvikes), Suff.: 14th cent. Slansfeld, 13th cent. is on a Roman way and near a Roman Stanesfeld) = Stan's Field [O.E. stdn, station. genit. stones, stone, rock, precious stone + STAPLE (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Bel. to feld, field, plain] Staple ; or Dweller at a Pillar or Post, STAN STEAD! (Eng.) Bel. to Stanstead, hence a Market or Fair-Place [O.E.

STANSTEO J Stansted = the Stone or stapol, a pillar, post, etc. ; also O.Fr. Rock Place [O.E. stdn + stede'\ estaple, a fair, market, borr. f. L.Ger. Stansted, Essex, was Stanstede in the stapel: cp. Dut. stapelhuis, staple-house, staple stapelrharkt, 13th cent., Stansted in the 14th cent. ; staple-market ; stapel- Stanstead, Herts, was Stan{e)stede in plaats, staple-town, emporium : (High) Domesday-Book, Stansted in the 13th and Ger. stapel, a post, staple, pile, market, is borr. f. L.Ger.; the cognate High Ger. 14th cent. ; but Stanstead, Kent, Stansted in the 14th cent., was Stdnhdmstede [O.E. staffel (O.H.Ger. staffat) meaning a step, hdm, a dwelling] in the 9th cent. etc.] Robert atte Staple.— (Eng.) Bel. to Stanton = i the STANTON Close Rolls, A.D. 1277. Stone DwELLmG(s. The French place-name Etaples (Pas- 2 the Dwelling(s or Farmstead by the de-Calais) is pron. locally exactly like Fr. Stone(s or RocK(s [O.E. stdn, . stone, e

i86 Stapleford Startup

STAPLEFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stapleford (a STARES, Stare's (Son). common E. local name),the M.E. Stapelford, O.E. Stapolford = the Staple-Ford (i.e. a STARK \ (Eng. and Scand.) Strong, Stern, ford which was marked out or otherwise STARKE J Severe [M.E. stark(e, O.E. st(e)arc facilitated by staples or posts) [v. under = 0.N. sterk-r (Dan.-Norw. stark]

Staple] For, God be thanked, I dar make kvaunt 1 feele my lymes [limbs] stark and under STAPLER (Eng.) Dealer Iv. Staple, sufSsaunt and the E. agent, sulf. -e)r] + To do al that a man bilongeth to. The corresp. Fr. etapieris now a military Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 1457-9. term for a "distributor of rations." STARKEY \ = Stark (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. -e)y, -ie. STAPLES, pi., and genit., of Staple, q.v, STARKIE J

STAPLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Stapleton, the STARKIES, Starkie's (Son). M.E. Stapleton, Stapelton, Stapilton, O.E. STARKMAN = Stark (q.v.) + man. StapoltUn = the Staple-Enclosure (i.e. the enclosure—with dweUing(s—fenced in William Sta.rcmaxi.'—Hund. Rolls. by posts) [O.E. stapol, a post, pillar, etc.. + STARKS, Stark's (Son) : v. Stark. tiin, enclosure, etc.]

STARLING (Eng.) i a nickname from the The Leic. Stapleton occurs as Stapelton Starling [M.E. sterling, O.E. starling, m., in a late copy of a Latin charter dated —star, starling the (double) dim. suff. A.D. 833. The West-Riding Stapleton is -f- -ling] Stapletone in Domesday-Book ; but the 2 V. North-Riding Stapleton occurs therein as Sterling. Stapledun [O.E. dun, a hill] Starling. Domesday-Book. Robertus de Stapleton.— William Starling. Hund. Rolls- Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1254-5. Cp. Stare. Nicholas de Stapelton. Starling Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. (Scand.) Bel. to (Lanes, Cumb., etc.) [app. N. and East. Dial. E. star{e (v. Bryan de Stapilton. under Starmore), sedge, bent-grass + Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. E. ling, O.N. lyng, heath]

Cp. , Staple ; but none of the various for Stapletons is a market-town. STARMER Starnfiore, q.v. (Scand.) Bel. to Starmore (Leic.) STAPLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stap(e)ley; or Dweller STARMORE = the Sedgy Moor [O.N. stdrr (Dan.- at the Staple-Lea [v. under Stapleton, Norw. stargrzss, Swed. storrgras), sedge and + O.E. ledh, meadow] -I- mdr] Ada de Stappeleg [referred to in conn, = Stern, q.v. with Stapleg].—Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1200-1. STARN Roger de Stapelye. STARNS = Sterns, q.v. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1374. STARR (Eng.) i Dweller at the sign of the [M.E. sterre, STARBECK 1 (Scand.) Bel. to Starbeck Star O.E. steorra] (Yorks) STARBOCK = the Sedgy Brook 2 = Stare, q.v. STARBUCK [O.N. storr (Dan.-Norw. stcergt?BS, Swed. starrgras), sedge + bekk-r, STARRS, pi., and genit., of Starr. brook] START (Eng.) Dweller at a Tail or Tongue The mutated form Starbok (like Tarbock of Land [O.E. steort] for Torbeck), found as early as 1379, is due to the lack of stress in the second element. Cp. Stort.

STARE (Eng. and Scand.) a nickname from STARTIN for Starton, q.v. the Starling [O.E. star=0.1i: star{r)i STARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Starton (Warw.), (Dan.-Norw. stter, Swed. stare), starling] i2th and 13th cent. Staverton [v.Staverton] The false lapwyng, ful of trecherye The stare, that the counseyl can STARTUP (Eng.) i Dweller at the Start- be-wrye. Hope [v. under Start and Hope] Chaucer, Parlement of Foules, 347-8. Andrew Startup tenanted Startup (1737). Cp. Stftip and Starp. —Hodgson, Hist Northumb., ii, (183a) 467, — — . —; ; — ' — • '

187 Statham Steeds

2 Upstart [f. M.E. stetien, O.E. *steart- (v. under Staveley, and cp. the Yorks

Xi)cm (conn, with O.E. steartlian, to slaver, 'a hedge-stake') -t- O.E. tiin, en- stumble), to start: cp. Dut. storten and closure, farmstead] Ger. sturzen M.E. up, O.E. up] + STAW(E, a var. of Stow(e, q.v. Upon my life, his marriage with that start-up. .. STAYNER = Stainer, q.v.

R. Brome, Queen andConcub., H. i. ST. CLAIR : V. under T. Wright. Sinclair.

STEAD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Farmstead STATHAM 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Staith- STEADE J [Prov. E. stead, 'a farmhouse and STATHOM J Enclosure [E. staith{e, a wharf, offices' ; M.E. O.E. stede, a place (=Dut. landing-place ; O.E. stetS, a bank, shore and Scand. stad, a town] + -ham, O.E. ham{m, an enclosure, piece — of land] Richard de Stede. John de Statham. Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1275-6. Hund. Rolls (Camb.), A.D. 1274. Ricardus del Stede.— Elizabeth Stathome.^ Yoris Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1544. There are occ. dialectal variations of the signification given above, — (Eng.) DweUer at the Staith En- e.g. STATON " Stead : an unenclosed plot on a closure or Farm [v. under Statham, mountain or common on which certain and O.E. tun] + .". parties have defined rights . . Stayton is mentioned in conn, with the A Cumberl. Gloss., p. 94. Abbot of Barlings (Lines) in the Charter-

Rolls A.D. 1315-16. STEADMAN : v. under Stead, and -1- man. John le Stedman. STAUGHTON, like Stoughton, a form of Pari. Writs, A.D. Stockton, q.v. 1306. STEAL = Steel, q.v. STAUNTON (Eng.) Bel. to Staunton, a var. of Stanton, q.v. STEAN(E (Teut.) i Bel. to Stean(e or Stene (Northants) =the Stone" (Rock, or Stone Staunton Wyville, Leic, is also called Castle) [O.E. stckn = O.N. steinn = Dut. Stonton ; Staunton-on-Arrow, Heref., was steen, Fris. stien = Ger. stein] Stdntiin A.D. 958 ; Staunton, Notts, was Stanton in Domesday-Book. Cp. the Glouc. place-name Steanbridge.

Staunton is the usual i3th-cent spelling 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Stmn = O.N. of this name. Steinn (Domesday Sten) [etym. as'] STEAR = Steep, q.v. (Eng.) Bel. to Staveley, Stavely STAVELEY ] STAVELY \ = the Stave-Lea (i.e. a meadow STEARN = Stern, q.v. STAVLEY J fenced with staves or stakes) [O.E. stcef+ledh (M.E. le{y, lay] STEARNS = Sterns, q.v. Staveley, Derby, and Staveley, Yorks, STEAVENS = Stephens, q.v. were Stavele andStaveley inthe 14th cent.; Stavely, Westmd., was Stavele ('in STEAVENSON = Stephenson, q.v. Kendale') A.D. 1335; Staveley, Lanes, occurs as Stavele and Stavelay in the 13th STEBBING (Eng.) Bel. to Stebbing (Essex), cent. 14th cent. Stebbing, 13th cent. Stebing = (prob.) the Stubby Lea [O.E. stybb, a tree-stump STAVE RTON (Eng.) Bel. to Staverton (Glouc. -t- O.East.E. «k^ (O.N. e/j^'), a

and Wilts : I3th-i4th cent, same spelling meadow]

Northts. : a.d. 944 Steefer ttin ('Cart. Sax', STEBBIN(G)S, pi., and genit., of no. 792). Stebbing. [As most of the Stavertons are in the STEDMAN = Steadman, q.v. West, the p\., stafir, of O.N. staf-^ ( = STEED (Eng.) i = Stead, q.v. O.E. 5to/), staff, stave, post, can hardly come into question (in any case we should 2 a nickname from the Stallion [O.E. expect the genit. pi. stafa, not the nom.); stidd] the first element does not seem to be a STEEDMAN = Steadman, q.v. pers, name; and it is app. merely a ptaooetically extended form of O.E. sttrf STEEDS. pl„ and genit,, of steedi q.v, — —— —

i88 Steel Stephenson

specif. Chesh. surname STEEL (Eng.) i a pers. name and nick- This Lane, and "I metal [O.E. st$U, is found in those counties with the same STEELE J name from the stieU = O.N. stdl, steel] spelling in the i6th cent. Robert StAc—Hund. Rolls. STELLA (Eng.) Bel. to Stella (Durh.) anc. Stellinglei, app. repr. an A.- Sax. With that great campion Gray Steill *Ste(a)llittga-ledh = the Lea of the [var. Steel].—Sir Gray Steill, 2789. Ste(a)ll- Family [-inga, genit. pi. of the 3 Dweller by a Stile [North. E. steel, a fil. suff, -ing]

stile ; O.E. stiget] STEMBRIDGE for Stanbpldge, q.v. "Steel, pr. of stile".— There is a Stembridge in co. Glamorgan. Dial, of Lonsdale (ii. Lanes), p. 80. STEMSON for Stenson, q.v. STEELS, genit., and pi., of Steel. STENHOUSE (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at = Stean(e,q.v. the Stone-House [O.E. stckn = O.N. ItIene}' steinn (Dan.-Norw. ste;0 + OE. O.N. hiis] 2 a syncopated form of Stephen, q.v. STENNETT, a double dim. of Stephen, q.v. [Fr. dim. suff. -et"] STEENIE = Steen» + the E. dim. sufi. -ie. Stephen Smith's been paying his STENNING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Stckning = ST.ffi:N's Son [O.E. stttn, stdn, a stone, daughter Nan . . . rock the fil. suff. -ing} Now if Steenie Smith . . . -f 2 V. Steyning. Line. Rhyme ; Halliwell, p. 798. STENNINGS, Stenning's (Son). STEENSON, Steen's Son : v. Steeti. STENSON (Eng.) i = Steenson, q.v. STEENSTRAND (Eng. or Scand.) Dweller at the Stony or Rocky Shore [O.E. sttkn= 2 Bel. to Stenson (Derby) the Domesday Steintune = (app.) Stan's Farm or Estate O.N. steinn, a stone, rock + O.E. strand [the genit. of O.E. = O.N. strond] stAn, stdn= O.N. steinn, a stone, rock -f- tin] (Eng.) Dweller by a Steeple or STEEPLE STENT (Eng.) Dweller at an Allotment or Tower [O.E. stiepel, a tower] Pasturage [Dial. E. stent, stint (Cumbd.

As is well known, the tower of a church Gloss., 'a cattle-grass') ; f. Ei stint, to limit] was sometimes detached from the main STENTON fEng. or Scand.) Bel. to Stenton structure. = the Stone or Rock Dwelling(s or STEER 1 (Eng.) a nickname and sign-name Farmstead [O.E. stdkn — O.N. steinn STEEREJ from theOx[O.E. st^or: cp. Dut. (Dan.-Norw. sten), a stone, rock + O.E. and Ger. stier, a bull] O.N. /«'«] STEERS, Steer's (Son). Stenton, Haddington, was Steinton, c. 1 150. STEEVE, a dim. of Steph^n, q.v. Cp. Stanton. STEEVENS = Stephens, q.v. STEPHEN (Gr.) Crown or Wreath [Gr.

STEEVES, Steeve's (Son) : v. Steeve. "ZritpaviK, whence Lat. (and A.-Sax.) Stephanus] STEGGALL (Scand.) Dweller at (app.) the Steg-Slofe [Dial. E. and Scot, steg, (i) ...se forma c^Sere Stephanus (...the proto-martyr StephetC).— a gander, (2) a stag ; O.N. steggi, a male bird + O.N. hall-r, a slope] Mlfric's Homilies ('Dom. Sept'.) Seinte STEIN-: V. the Appendix of Foreign Names Stefne i)>olede [suffered] be for such Ger. names as Steinbach, 'Stony stones. Ancren Riwle ('Wrej>|>e'). or Rocky Brook' ; Steinberg, 'Rocky Hill'. Sir Lancelott Sr STEINFORTH, a var. of Stainfopth, q.v. and Steven bold. [with the first element influenced by Marr. of Sir Gawaine (Fragmt.) O.N. steinn, a stone, rock] STEPHENS, Stephen's (Son) 1 _. ^Stephen.,. Corresponding to the Ger. Steinfurt. STEPHENSON, Stephen's Son / STELFOX (Eng.) a nickname from the pre- Gilbert fil. Stephani. datory animal [the first element is app. f. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. M.E. stelen, to steal, go stealthily; O.E. Richard Stephenes. Stefan + M.E. Q,E.fox\ Sows. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. — — — — ——

189 5tepkin Steyning

8TEPKIN, a double dim. of Stephen, q.v. STEVENTON (Eng.) Bel. to Steventon or Ste- [E. dim. suff. -kin, O.L.Teut. -k-in] vington (Berks : 14th cent. Styvington, 13th cent. Styvintott, Stivinton, Domesday STEPNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stepney (M'sex). Stivetune ; Beds : 13th cent. Stivinton, 14th cent. Stebenhethifi, 13th cent. Steben- Domesday Stiventone ; Hants : 14th cent. hith, Domesday Stebenhede [The second Stivington) = the Estate of the StIf- element is no doubt for O.E. hS>S, a land- Family [A.Sax. *Stifinga-tiin — st!f, stifi, ing-place, harbour, (not for kdiS, a heath), rigid, hard, prob. fig. (as with the cog- as in the case of 'Lambeth' ; and the first nate Dan.-Norw. stiv), inflexible, stub- element prob. represents the adj. form of born + -inga, genit. pi. of the fll. suff. -ing a var. of O.E. stybb, a tree-stump (the + tun, estate, farmstead, etc^ haven app. had tree-stumps as mooring- posts] Steventon, nr. Abingdon, Berks, is prob. the place (with changed land-ele- 'Stepney' seemingly began to be used same ment) as the Stifinge-hame referred to in for earlier 'Stepnetn' c. 1600. a grant to Abingdon Abbey by King The ancient importance of Stepney as Eadgar in 964 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 1142). a haven is suff. attested by the fact that all children born at sea in English vessels STEVERSON for Steveson, q.v. were supposed to belong parochially to Stepney. STEVESON, Steve's Son: Steve, a dim. of STEPTO(E \ (Eng.) app. not local names but Stephen, q.v.

STEPTOW J nicknames relating to gait (early lit. and orig. forms not found) [f. O.E. steppan, to step STEWARD \ (EngO Seneschal ; + td, a toe] STEWART J Sty-Ward [M.E. styward, sti- ward, steward, stuard, etc. ; O.E. stiw(e)ard STERK (Scand.) Strong, Stern, Severe (= O.N. st(uar^S-r) — stigu, sty, animal- [O.N. sterk-r] enclosure w(e)ard, guardian, keeper] Cp. Stark. -I- Hugh le Stivfard.—Hund. Rolls. (Eng.) for Stipk, q.v. But, shortly, from the castel on a nyght. STERLING (Eng.) i nickname from the The lordes styward, — God yeve [give] former coin so called [M.E. sterling perh. ; him meschance 1 — ...

= starling : v. under Starling] Came into the ship allone. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 913-16. (occ.) 2 for Stapling (q.v.) through the pron. Starling. Schyr Eduuard, that had sic valour, Wes ded, and Johne Steward alsua. (Celt.) for^tirling. q.v. / Barbour, The Bruce, xviii. 108-9. STERN 1 (Eng.) Austere, Severe [M.E. It was not till after several generations Sterne, O.E. stieme, styme'\ STERNE / that the Fitz-Walters and Fitz-Alans took Henry Sterne. Hund. Rolls. that name [Stewart], destined to become (Sc^nd.) Star (a sign-name) [Dan.- so illustrious, from their office of steward Norw. stieme, O.N. stiarna, a star] of the royal household. C. Innes, Some Scotch Surnames, p. 34. But the name in our directories is fre- quently the Ger. Stem = Star. In the baptismal registers of St. James's, Clerkenwell, a.d. 1723-5, the STERNS, Stern's (Son). same parents are called both Steward and STERRY (Teut.) Big, Strong, Stout [M.E. Stewart. stere, app. f. the compar., stceri, ot O.N. STEWARDSON, Steward's SonI v. Ste- st6rr{= O.H.Ger. stiurt), bi& powerful; Stewart's or an O.E. cognate (allied to E. steer, O.E. STEWARTSON, Son/ ward, Stewart. stior, a bullock) + the E. dim. suff. -y] Storry. iCp. STEWIN, a Scot, form of Stephen, q.v. STERT = Start, q.v. Sanct Stcwin and his tormentouris. STEUART = Stewart, q.v. Burgh Reeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1531. STEVEN = Stephen, q.v. STEYNING (Eng.) Bel. to Steyning (Suss.), Steven's (Son) STEVENS, \ "^^Pien.etaohen the A.-Sax. Staningas (K. iElfred'sWill: 'set Steven's Son/ '• STEVENSON, Steeningum ' (dat.) = (the Estate of the) Thomas Stevenson. ST.EN- Family [O.E. stdsn, stdn, a stone,

Yorks PfiU-Tax, A.D. 1379. rock -t- the pi. of thefil. suff. -ing^ — —

190 sticker Stirrup

(Eng.) (Pig-) Killer [M.E. stikkere = STICKER ', STILEMAN Stile (q.v.) -I- E. man. f. O.E. stician {— Dan.-Norw. stikke), to stick, kill (pigs, etc.] STILES, pi., and genit., of Stile, q.v.

le Stikkere. John STILL (Eng.) i Silent, Quiet, Gentle [M.E. Soms. Stibs. Roll, A.D. 1327. O.E. stille] STICKFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stickford; or Walter StiWe.—Hund. Rolls. Dweller at the Stick-Ford (i.e. a ford (occ.) 2 a weak form of Steel, q.v. whose passage was marked out or other- wise facilitated by sticks or stakes) [O.E. STILLINGFLEET (Eng.) Bel. to Stilling- sticca (= O.N. stika), a stick, stake +ford] fleet (Yorks), i4tncent. Stilyngflete, Domes- day Steflingeflet, A.-Sax. *Stifelinga-fliot= (Eng.) Bel. to Stickland STICKLAND ; or the Stream of the Stifel Family [the Dweller at the Steep [West. Eng. Land pers. name is f. (with suff. -et) O.E. stif, stickle, O.E. sticol, steep, nigh land] + bard, firm, inflexible -f -inga, genit. pi. of Stickland, Soms., is, like Sticklepath, the fil. suff. -ing H- fl^ot, a stream, water] nr. Watchet. STILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stillington (Yorks), A.-Sax. STICKLEPATH (EngJ Bel. to Sticklepath ; or Domesday Stivelinctun, Dweller at the Steep Path [West. E. *Stifelinga-tiin = the Estate of the stickle, O.E. rfjco/, steep, high + O.E./xztS] Stifel Family [v. under Stillingfleet, and O.E. tun, estate, farm, etc.] There are villages called Sticklepath in -I- Somerset and Devon. As Stillingfleet and Stillington are both in the vicinity of York the connexion

, STICKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stickley; or Dweller is doubtless with the same A.-Sax. pro- at I the Stick-Lea (i.e. a meadow fenced prietors. in by sticks or stakes) [O.E. sticca(=0,'S. stika), a stick, stake -|- ledh] STILLMAN = Still (q.v.) + E. man.

2 the Steep Lea [West. E. stickle, O.E. STILLWELL1 (Eng.) Dweller at the CoN- high -|- sticol, steep, O.E. ledh] STILWELL Jstant Spring (one not in- A Sticlegh, Sticcle, is mentioned in a termittent) [O.E. stille, constant, etc. Soms. Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327. -f w(i)ella, a spring]

STIOKNEY (Eng. or A.-Scand.) Bel. to Stinson, Steenson, q.v. Stickney (Lines), i6th cent, same spelling ItImSOn'^}^"'^

[O.E. {(e)g = O.N. ey, island, waterside : the first element is app. an oblique (genit. STINSON, V. Steenson. pi.) form of O.E. sticca = O.N. stika, a "[(Eng.) a nickname (or sign-name) stick, stake, pile] STIRK STIRKE J from the Bullock or Heifer [O.E. STIFF (Eng.) Stiff, Hard, Firm, Strong, styric\ Proud [M.E. stififi, O.E. stif = Dan.- (Scand.) conf. with Sterk, q.v. Norw. stiv = Dut. stijf] STIRLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Steer- John Stiie.—Hund. Rolls. Pasture [O.E. stSor (= Dut. stier), a steer, STIGAND (Scand.) Mounting [O.N. Stigand ox 4- land] (Mod. Norw. Stiand), f. the pres. part, of stiga, to mount, ascend] STIRLING (Celt.) Bel. to Stirling, 16th cent. Striveling, isth cent. Striviling, 13th cent. Stigand was perh. the most famous Estrevelyn, Estrivelin, 12th cent. Strivilen, name ecclesiastically in iith-cent. not improb. repr. a Cymric *Ystrefelyn, England. It occurs in Domesday-Book in Yellow House [Cym. ystre(f, a dwell- this form. ing +Jelyu, mutated form oimelyn, yellow] Gervase fil. Stigandi. In Strivelingschire is the toun of Pipe-Rolls, ti6o. A.D. Striveling.— Boece, Scot. Hist., tr. Bellenden. STIGGI N, a weak Anglicized form of Stigand, q.v. (Eng.) conf. with Sterling, q.v.

STIGGINS, Stiggin's (Son). STIRRIP (Eng.) Bel. to Styrrup (Notts), STIRR0Pti4th cent. Sterappe, Styrop, 13th STILE (Eng.) Dweller at a Stile [Q.E. stiget] STIRRUP) cent. Stirap (for Stirop) = ihc John atte Stile.—/f«»rf. Rolls. Steer-Hope [v. steer and Hope] — — — —

igx Stirsaker Stockport

STIRSAKER ] (Eng.) Dweller at (the) STOCK DALE (Ena and Scand.) Bel. to STIRZACKER ^ Steer's Field [the genit. Stockdale (yorks, Westmd., etc.) = the STIRZAKER J of O.E. st^or = O.N. stlorr, a Tree-Stump Valley [O.E. stoc(c = O.N. steer, ox + O.E. acer = O.N. akr, a field] stokk-r, a tree-stump, trunk, log -|- O.E. = O.N. dal-r, a valley] Stirzaker, N. Lanes, was Styresacre dal A.D. 1443, Steresaker a.d. 1379, Steres- One of the Yorks Stockdales was acre a.d. 1332. Stokdale in the 14th cent. a STITT (Eng.) app. a weakened form of O.E. There is Stockdalewath [O.N. wa'S, a ford] in s = Strong, Hard. Cumberland.

STIVE (Eng.) Stiff, Strong, Hard [O.E. STOCKEN, a M.E. pi. form of Stock, q.v. stif] STIVENS, a weak form of Stevens, Stephens, STOCKER (Eng.) i = Stock (q.v.) + the q.v. agept. suff. -er. (later) 2 a Grubber-Up (of tree-stumps) St. JOHN, an Anglicized form of the common [Dial. E. stock, to grub or root up] French eccles. place-name St. Jean — anc. conf. St. Jehati [v. John] 3 with Stoker, q.v,

STOATE 1 „. .. Elena le Stocker. =Stott,q.v.„„ STOATT ; Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Walter Stokker.— STOBART 1 Inq. ad q. Damn., c. A.D. 1440. STOBBARD \ = StUbbard, q.v. STOBBART J STbCKFORD \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Log or (a STOBB = Stubb, q.v. [cp. Dut. stobbe, a STOCKFORTH J Stump Ford ford whose stump, trunk] passage was facilitated by logs or stumps) [O.E. stoc(c+/o»-i] STOBBS = Stubbs, q.v. STOCK HAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stockham (13th (Eng.) i Dweller by a (conspicuous) STOCK cent. Stockham); or Dweller at the Tree- Tree Stump or Trunk ; or a Post or Stump or Trunk Enclosure [O.E. stoc{c Pillory [M.E. stockfe, stokk, etc., O.E. + ham{ni\ stoc(c = O.N. stokkr] William de la Stocke. STOCKIN, I for Stocken, q.v. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. 2 for Stocking, q.v. Hen. del Stock.— iMttc. Inq., A.p. 1323. STOCKING (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Stocking (13th cent. Stocking) ; or Dweller at the Jordan atte Stokk. Tree-Stump or Trunk Meadow [O.E. Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. stoc{c = O.N. stokk-r -\- O.E. ing = O.N. Reginald atte Stocke. eng, a meadow] Close Rolls, A.D. 1330. STOCKINGS, genit., and pi., of Stocking. And Scarlette he was flyinge a-foote Fast over stocke and stone. STOCKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stockley (i3th-i4th ' Robin and Hood Guy of Gisborne', cent. Stockley(e, Stoklegh, etc.) ; or Dweller S7-8 ; Percy's Religues. at the Tree-Stump or Trunk Lea [O.E. Occ. the name may represent an old stoc{c + ledK\

' dat. pi. : cp. the on stoccum ' of a Soms. Stockley and Stock, Calne, Wilts, are charter A.D. 963 ('C.S.' no. 1116). referred to in the same Inq. ad q. Damn., 2 occ. conf. with Stoke, q.v. A.D. 1445-8, as Stockley and Stocke. Cp. Stokeley. See Stocks ; and the note under Stockton. (Eng.) STOCKMAN = Stock (q.y.) -f- man. STOCKBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Stockbridge STOCKPORT (Eng.) Bel. to Stockport (Hants : 14th cent. Stockbrigg, 13th cent. (Chesh.), 13th cent. Stokport, Stockeport, Stocbrigge, Stokebrigg ; Yorks : 14th cent. i2th cent. Stokeport [O.E. stoc(c, a log, Stokbrig' ; etc.) = the Log-Bridge [O.E. beam, post, etc. -1- O.E. port, a town, by stoc(c, trunk, log, etc. + brycg'\ extension from port (Lat. porta), a (city) William de Stokynbryg.— g*te1 Lane. Fines, hS, 1370. See Stopfopd. —— —— — ——

192 stocks Stonehewer

pi., genit., of q.v. STOCKS, and Stock, STOKELEY \ (Eng.) i Bel. to Stokeley ; or Dweller at [v. He swor her this, by stokkes and by STOKELY J the Stoke-Lea stones. under Stoke, and -f M.E. ley, O.E. ledKl Chaucer, Trail. & Cris., iii. 589- 2 conf. with Stockley, q.v, And all about old stockes and stubs of STOKER (Eng.) i = Stoke (q.v.) -|- the E. trees. agent, suff. -er. Spenser, Faerie Queene, I. ix. 34,. 2 conf. with Stockep, q.v. STOCKTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stockton, 13th. (Dut.) Fire-Tender [Dut. stoker'\ 14th cent. Stockton, Stokton, Stocton, Domes- day Stochetun, etc., A.-Sax. Stoctiin the = STOKES (Eng.) i pi., and genit., of Stoke, q.v. Tree-Stump or Trunk, or Log-Fenced, 2 conf. with Stocks, q.v. Enclosure [O.E. stoc{c + tun\ Petrus de Stokes (Kent). Stockton is not so common a surname as the prevalence of the place-name Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4.

would lead us to expect ; hence it is prob. Robert de Stokes (Oxon). that in some cases the pers. 'Stockton' Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

has been cut down to 'Stock' : v. Stock. Gair de Stokes.— STOCKUM for Stockhann, q.v. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1317-18. William Stokes. STOCKWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Stockwell, 13th- 14th cent. StokwellU, A.-Sax. StocwyU{a = MSS. D. and C. Wells, A.D. 1490.

the Well by the 'rREE-STUMP(s ; or the John Stokys, alias Stokes. Log-Fenced Well [O.E. stoc(c + wyll{a, Lane. Fines, A.D. 1550-1. wielKa] STOLLARD = Stallard, q.v. (Eng-) Horsekeeper [M.E. IToDAR? ) STOMBRIDGE for Stonbridge, Stanbridge, •S""'*''-*. et=- OE. stM, stud, STODDARD [ i q.v. herdof horses -|- hierde, heorde, o-rXr>r\AD-r I STONARD = Stannard, q.v. ItSSSaRt) herd, keeper] = q.v. Walter Stodhirde.—Par/. Writs. STONBRIDGE Stanbridge,

For the vowel-change in the surnames STONE (Eng.) Bel. to Stone ; or Dweller at a cp. Hardwick. Stone (Obelisk, etc.), Rock, or Stone Castle There has prob. been some confusion [M.E. ston(e, stan{e, O.E. stdn\ with Stothard, q.v. John de la Stone—Hund. Rolls. Cp. Studdapd. Stone, Staffs, occurs in the 13th cent, freq. as both Stane and Stanes; Stone, STOGDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Stock or Wore, was Stanes in Domesday-Book Tree-Stump Valley [O.E. stoc(c + denu] and in the 13th cent.; so that 'Stone' The voiced -g- for -c- (-k-) is due to the must sometimes be interpreted with influence of the following voiced letter -d-. plural significance. Conf. with the next name. STONECLOUGH (Eng.) Dweller in or by a Stony or Rocky Hollow [O.E. STOGDON (Eng.) Dweller at the Stock or stdn, a stone, rock -|- *cm, a hollow] Tree-Stump Hill [O.E. stoc{c + dUn] Conf. with the preceding name. STONEHALL (Eng,) Bel. to Stonehall; or Dweller at i the Stone Hall [O.E. stdn STOKE (Eng.) i Bel. to Stoke, M.E. Stok(e, + h(e)aiq O.E. Stdc (' set Stdce ' — dat.) = the Dwel- 2 the Stone or Stony Corner ling-Place, Village [O.E. stic; conn, [O.E. h{e)al(h, a corner] with O.E. stoc(c, a stock, trunk, log, etc.] William de la Stonhall.— Petrus de Stok (Kent).— /fanrf. Rolls. Charter-Rolls. A.D. 1*04-5. (Eng.) STONEHAM Bel. to Stoneham : v. Baldewin de Stoke (Suff.) Stanham. Hand. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Stephen de Stoahsm.—Hund. Rolls. Prepositus de Stoke (Soms.) STONEHEWER (Eng.) Stonecutter [M.E. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2, stonhewer; f. O.E. stdn, a stone, and 2 conf, with Stock, q.v. hedvoan, to cut] — — ————— —

193 Stonehill Storkey

(Eng.) pi., of STONEHILL Dweller at the Stony or STOOPS \P1-1 and genit., Stoop, StopOi Rocky Hill [O.E. sfdn + hylQ STOPES f q.v.

STONEHOUSE (Eng.) Bel. to Stonehouse; or STOPFORD \(Eng.) Bel. to Stockport.

Dweller at the Stone House [O.E. stdn STOPFORTH J Stopford and Stopforth are old + hits] corrupt forms, nevertheless making good

Stonehouse, Glouc, was Stonhus in the sense [v. under Stope] ; but Stok(e)port,

13th cent. Stockeport, &c., are earlier : v. Stockport. " ' Stopford law-—no stake, no draw.' STONEMAN (Eng.) = Stone (q.v.) + E.man. Stockport is the place meant, nearly one

STONER (Eng.) i Stonecutter, Stone- half of which borough is in Lancashire." mason [O.E. stdn, stone + the agent. Lane. Legends, Sec, 1882, p. 207* suff. -er] STOPHER, a contr. of Christopher, q.v. 2 = Stone (q^v.) + the agent, suff. -er. (rarely) 3 for Stonop, q.v. STOPP I a var. of Stoop, Stope, q.v. (occ.) 2 an unvoiced form of Stobbi STONES, pi., and genit., of Stone, q.v. Stubb, q.v. Elena de Stons. William del Stopp. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. STONESTREET (Eng.) Dweller at the Stone, STOPPARD 1 assim. forms of Stopford, i.e. Paved Road (usually Roman) [O.E. STOPPORT J Stockport, q.v. stdn strckt] Salomon de Stonstrete (Kent). STOPPS 1 °f Rolls. P'*' ^^^ S^"*-' Stopp. Hund. STOPS J STONEY (Eng.) Bel. to Stoney; or Dweller STORCK = Stork, q.v. at I the Stony or Rocky Island or Waterside [O.E. stdn, a stone, rock Thomas Storck. Hund. Rolls. + (g] STORE (A.-Scand.) Strong, Powerful, Big 2 the Stony Land [for O.E. stdniht] [M.E. stor{e, O-N-stdr-r] STON(E)YHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the For Sir Anlaf, the king of Danmark. Stony Wood [O.E. stdnig, stony + hyrst, With an ost [host] store and stark, a wood] Into Inglond is come. STONHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Stonham = Stone- Gy of Warwike, p. 383. Cp. Storr. ham, Stanham, q.v. STORER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Storekeeper, Store- Stonehill, q.v. STONHILL- man; (Scotl.) Flockmaster [M.E. and

M.Scot, ; f. STONHOLD (Eng.) Rock-Faithful [O.E. storour, etc. (with agent, suff^ star, O.Fr. estor, store, provisions ; ult. stdn, a stone, lock+hold, faithful, loyal, etc.] 1. Lat. instaurare, to restore] STONHOUSE = Stonehouse, q.v. Thomas Storour. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. STONIER = Stonep (q.v.), but with the A.-Fr. agent. suS. -ier instead of E. -er. Tyrrheus thare fader was hie maister and gyde This name was occ. used for Stone- Of stedis, flokkis, bowis, and hirdis hewer, q.v. wyde. to STONOR (Eng.) Bel. to Stonor (Oxf.), 13th As storour the kinge, did kepe and cent. Stonore = the Stony or Rocky jrym [tend]. Bank [O.E. stdn 4- 6rd\ G. Douglas, Mneid, ed. 1710, p. 224, A stanora occurs in a land-grant a.d. 758 11.25-7. King Offa (' C.S.' no. by 216). STOREY! = Store (q.v.) -t- the E. dim. suff. STOODLEIGHl STORIE i-e)y,-ie. =Studleigh,_e+„wi«!KU Studley,c+.,wi... q.v.„„ STOODLEY J Cp. Storrey. Stoodleigh, Devon, was Stodlegh in the STORK (Eng.]) a nickname and sign-name 14th cent. from the bird [O.E. store - Scand. stork] STOOP l (Scand.) Dweller at a Post, Pillar, Cp. Storck. STORE J or Column [North. E.: O.N. stdlpi, I whence Dan.-Norw. stolpe, a post, prop] STORKEY = Stork (q.v.) -f- the E. dim. suff. ' "Stoop, a post, a gate-post of stone or -ey. wood,"—(?;w, Dial, lQns4ale, p. 81, J for Stftrkey, q.v. — —— — ;:

194 storm Stovill

STORM (Teut.) ' a pers. name and nickname And Grace gaf Piers

[f. M.E. storm, O.E. storm, m., O.N. storm-r, Of his goodnesse foure stottes ; m. (= Dut. storm - Ger. sturm, M.Ger. also Al that hise oxen eriede [ploughed], storm), a storm, uproar, tumult] Thei to harewen [harrovv] after. Piers Plowman, 13489-92. Hugo Storm. Hund. Rolls. This Reve sat upon a ful good stot, STORMONT. Bel. to Stormont (Perth), a.d. That was al pomely [dappled] grey, and 1292 Starmonthe (Johnson) [If the name is highte Scot. Celt., the second element must be Gael. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 615-16. monadh = Wei. mynydd, a mountain-range aur nebbour's stot or stirk break into (but Gael, monadh now means a moor, If til' fog [aftermath] let us net [not] pinfald heath), and the first element may be Gael. it.—A Bran New Wark (Westmd. Dial.), star, a Steep cliff, broken teeth ; but perh. 1 1. 476. more likely the name is Teut., viz. late 78s, O.E. stdr, O.N. stdrr, great + O.E. munt, STOUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stoughton, like

borr. f. Lat. mons, montis, a mountain (cog- ,, Staughton, a form of Stockton, q.v. nate, in any case, with the above Celt. words] STOUR (Celt.) Dweller by the River Stour (several in England), usually Stur, dat. STORMS, Storm's (Son) : v. Storm. Sture, in charters of the A.-Sax. period [prob. f. the prim, form of Wei. ystwrio STORR (Scand.) Big, Grkat fO.N. stdr-r (mod. (ystwr, a stir, noise), to stir, bustle; cognate Scand. storl with O.E. styrian, to stir(up), agitate* O.N. Roger Storre. styr-r, a stir, tumult, M.E. and Dial. Yorks Pott-Tax, A.D. 1379. E. and Scot, stour, O.F. estour, estur, a con- flict, commotion, to Cp. Store. agitation, Scot, stour, move swiftly, to cause foam, or spray STORREYl and related to the base of E. storm = Ger. = Storr (q.v.) -|- theE. dim. sufl. STORRIE Sturm ; and to Bret, stdr, a river] STORRY e)y,-ie. (A.-Scand.) a var. of Store, q.v. . Cp. Stor(e)y. Cp. Stower.

STORRS, Storr's (Son) : v. Storr. STOURBRIDGE. Bel. to iStourbridge (Wore), 14th cent. Sturbrugg, Stourbrugge = the STORT (Eng.) Dweller at a Tail or Tongue Bridge over the R. Stour [y. Stour, OF Land [O.E. steort"] and + M.E. hrugg(e, O.E. brycg'\ A Storte (Wilts) occurs in the Charter- 2 Stourbridge (Camb.), formerly Sterre- Rolls a.d. 1283. bridge, earlier Steresbreg = Ster's Bridge Cp. Start. \Ster occurs as a pers. name in Domesday-

Book ; it is prob. for the O.Scand. Styr: = Store (q.v.) the E. dim. suff. -y. STORY -t- cp. O.N. styr-r, m., a stir, tumult] STOTE (Eng.) a nickname or sign-name Irom STOURTON (Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Stourton the Stot [v. Stott] gVilts, Warw., etc.) = the Farmstead or (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Stout, Bold [O.Fr. state on the R. Stour [v. Stour, and

esto{u)t : V. under Stout] -I- O.E. tun\ Conf. with Sturton, q.v. (^°S-) Stot-Herd [v. under ItOTHARt) STOUT 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Bold, Strong, Stott, and M.E. herde, O.E ItStHERD + STOUTE / Proud; (later) Corpulent [O.Fr. *'^''*J STOTHERTJ esto{u)t, stout, bold ; O.L.Ger. stolt = Du,t. stout, bold = Ger. stols, proud] William Stothard.—/f«M(f. Rolls.

There has prob. been confusion with STOVEL ] (Fr.) Bel. to Estouteville (Seine- Stoddard, Stodart, q.v. STOVELL Inferieure), anc. Estoteville [Fr. STOVILL J ville, Lat. villa, estate, farm, etc. STOTT (Eng.) a nickname and sign-name the first element is doubtless a pers. name from the Stot, i.e. a Horse, Bullock, (withfem. suff. -e) f. O.F. esto(u)t, stout, Dial. etc. [M.E. and E. and Scot. stot{te, a bold, O.L.Ger. stolt = Dut. stout, bold] stallioi^, horse, bullock, ox : cp. O.N sltit-r, Joh'is de Stotevill.— a bull (Swed. siut, a bullock, Dan.-Norw. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 260-1. stud, an ox] Thomas Stot.— Agnes de Stovile. Ifanc. 4sske-R?lls, A.D, 1262-3. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. — — — : —— —:

195 Stoven Strauss

[O.E. STOVEN "I (Eng.) Bel. to Stoven (Suff.); or STRAND (Eng.) Dweller at a Shore STOVIN J Dweller at the Stock or Tree- strand = O.N. strand] Stump or -Trunk [O.E. stofn] STRANp, a North. E. and Scot, form of " Stoven : a stumpy post." Strong.

Northts. Dial. ; T. Wright. . . . Strang and stitSm6d [resolute]. STOW "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Stow or Stowe [O.E. Cynewulf, Dream of the Rood, 40. STOWE stdw, dat. stdwe, a place] J Fra mi faas [foes] jiat war sa Strang.— "... apud locum ubi vulgari dicitur 13th cent. Metr. N. Eng. Psalter nomine at Stou)e."-~ Ps. xviii. 17.— Charter A.D. 956 ; Cart. Sax. no. 986. King Hart intohiscumlie castell Strang. Oda de Stow. G. Douglas, King Hart. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. STRANGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Foreign [M.E. Joh'es de Stowe. stra(u)nge, O.Fr. estrange (Fr. Strange), Ing. ad g. Damn., A.D. 1369. LatI extraneus, foreign] John le Straunge. Hund. Rolls. STOWEL "I (Eng.) Bel. to Stowell (Wilts: See Lestrange. STOWELLJA.D. 1300-1 Stowell; Soms.: 13th cent. Stawell; Glouc, etc.) [v. under STRANG(E)WAYS (Eng.) Bel. to Strange- Stow, and + O.E. heal(h, a corner, nook] ways (Manchester), i6th cent. Strange-^ But the Glouc. Stowell was Stanuuelle waies, 15th cent. Strangways, 14th cent. in Domesday-Book, i.e. the 'Rock-Spring' Strangwas, Strongways = the Strong [O.E. Stan, a stone, rock + welle, a spring] Stubble [O.E. Strang, strong + O.E. wdse = Ger. wasen (M.H.Ger. wase, STOWE R (Celt.) a form of Stour', q.v, O.H.Ger. waso), (damp) sod, grass, brush- Stower (West),Dorset, is on the R. Stour. wood, stubble] The second element is that seen in E. (A.-Scand.) a form of Store, q.v. 'wayzgoose,' a stubble-goose, and Dial. E. STOYLE, a dial, form of Style, q.v. 'wase', 'waze', a pad or bundle of straw.

(q.v.) STRACHAN (Celt.) i Bel. to Strachan (Kin- STRANG MAN = Strang -f- E.man. cardine), anc. Strathauchin [the first v. under Strang(e)way8. element is Gael, srath, a valley, strath STRANGWAYS, the second elem. is app. for Gael, achadk^ STRATFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stratford = the a field, with the dim. sufi. -in] Street-Ford, i.e. the Ford on the 2 conf. with Strahan', q.v. Roman Road tO.E. strckt (Lat. strata via), (Roman) road, street +fora] STRADLING (Eng.) app. a nickname for a - straddle-legged individual [f. straddle, a Stratford - on Avon, e.g., occurs in freq. i.strdd, pret. sing, of O.E. j

stroke ; O.E. strican (pret. sing.' strdc), to estate, etc.] rub, (also) move, go (E. 'strike'] STRAUSS (Ger.) a nickname = Crest,

Robert le Straker.— Plume : see the Appendix of Foreign Lane. Assise-RolU, A.D. 1246. Names. — — —

196 Strawson Strongbow

STRAWSON (regarding which evidence is Stretford, Lanes, 13th cent. Stretford and lacking) may be a corrupt form of Stratford, is "near the R. Mersey, where Strongson, q.v. (Hardly for 'Strauss's the Roman way to Chester crossed." Son'). STRETTELL \ (Eng.) [Early forms are lacking of q.v. STRAYTON, a North, form Stratton, STRETTLE J of this local surname, but the second element will be either O.E. h{e)all, a var. of Strachan, q.v. STREACHAN, a hall, or O.E. h{e)al{h, a nook, rather than STREAK \(Eng.) Stern, Strong, Violent O.E. hyll, a hill, although the surname is found in Cheshire in the lyth STREEK; [O.K. stn&e (=I>\it. strak] Sft-etA/W cent. : the first element is O.E. strdet, a Cp. Stretch. (Roman) road] STREAT = Street, q.v. There is a Streethall or Strethall in Essex, occurring as Strethalle a.d. 132 1-2. STREATER \ Streeter, q.v. STREATHER J STRETTON (Eng.) Bel. to Stretton, 13th cent.

Stretton, A.-Sax. Strdkt-tiin : v. Stratton.

STREATFErLD "I (Eng.) Dweller at the Field (Eng.) STREATFIELD J or Plain of the Roman STRIBLING a voiced form of Stripling Road [v. under Street, and + O.E.feld, [-E. strip + tiie (double) dim. suff. -l-ingi a fie^ld, plain] Lower mentions a Streatfeild in E. STRfCKLAND (Eng.) Bel. to Strickland (Westmd.), 13th cent. Stirkland, Sussex called Stretfelde in the i6th cent. Stirkeland = the Stirk-Land [v. under Stirk, and-f STREET 1 (A.-Lat.) Dweller at the (Roman) O.E. land] Road [O.E.strdst (Lat.i^ratovia), STREETE J > See the Westmd. quot. under Stott. (Roman) road, street] Our 13th and 14th cent, records contain STRIDE (Scand.) Hard, Stubborn, Strong such entries as ' [christian name] de la [O.N. strCS-r] Strete', 'atte Strete', and 'del Strete.' William le Stride. Street, nr. Shepton-Mallet, Soms., is on Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1357-8. " the ancient Fosse-Way ". Street, nr. STRINGER (Eng.) String- or Cord-Maker Kingsland, Hereford, is "on the Roman (esp. a maker of bow-strings) [O.E. streng Way to Staunton." (= O.N. streng-r), string, rope -|- the STREETEN for Streeton, Stretton, q.v. agent, suff. -ere] Both Strenger and Strynger occur in STREETER = Street (q.v.) the agent, + Yorkshire in the 14th cent. suff. -er. (A.-Scand.) earlier STREETON = Stretton, q.v. STRING FELLOW Streng- fellow = Strong Fellow [M.E. streng, STREFFORD, an assim. form of Stretford,q.v. O.E. strenge = Scand. streng (O.N.

strang-r), severe, strong -f- M.E. felawe, STRELLEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Strelly (Notts), O.E. fMaga=O.N. fdlagi, partner, fellow] = STRELLY J i2th cent. Stretleg, Stratlega Cp. Strongfellow. the Street-Lea [v. under Street, and + O.E. ledKl STRIPP (Eng.) app. a nickname for a Thin Person one as thin as a strip STRENSAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Strensham — [O.E. be- stripan, to strip] : hence the dim. STRENSHAM J (Wore). 13th csai. Strenges- ham, but app. the StrengesM of a Wore. 'stripling.' charter a.d. [As the stands 972 name it STRODE, a M.E. form of Stroud, q.v. represents 'Strang's Home' (O.E. Mm,

home, residence) : the loth-cent. second STRONG \ (Eng.) Powerful, Hard, element is O.E. h6, ridge a or promontory. STRONGE J S-E.WEKE.\U.E.strong{e,strang{e, Streng (O.E. streng, severe, strong) must O.E. Strang^ have had a hdm, and prob. the two forms co-existed] STRONG BOW (Eng.) a nickname[O.E. Strang, strong + boga, a bow] STRETCH (Eng.) Stern, Strong, Violent Ranulf Strongbowe.—HmmA Rolls. [O.E. strec\ Richard Cp. the guttural form Streak. of Clare, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil, a ruined baron Hamon Streche. later known by the nickname of Strongbow, who in Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Aacts., A.D. 1302-3. defiance of Henry's [II.] prohibition

STRETFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Stretford ; v. landed near Waterford. Str^tforj), Green, Hist. Eng. People, p. 898, — —— — — — — — '

197 Stronsfellow Stukley

STRONG FELLOW (A.-Scaud.), i6th cent. STUARD : v. Steward. Strongfellowe [O.E. strong = O.N. strang-r v. + QX.fMaga = O.H.Magi] STUART : Stewart. Cp. Stringfellow. STUBB (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the STRONG ITHARM (Eng.)for Strong-in-thb- Tree-Stump [O.E. stybb, stubb = O.N.

Arm : cp. Armstrong. stubb-r] ... eft on ellen stubb Cheshire born, Cheshire bred, (. . . again to the alder-stump). Strong i'th' arm, weak i'th' yed. Berks Charter, A.D. ; Cart. Sax. Chesh.' Saying. 956 no. 1 183. This couplet may really owe its origin Guy de Stub.—Gt. Ing. Serv., A.D. 1212. to the fact that Strongitharm is (or was) mostly a Cheshire surname. John de Stubbe.—Z,a«c. Fines, A.D. 1333.

The Dan.-Norw. stub denotes ' stubble STRONGMAN = Strong (q.v.) + man. as well as ' tree-stump.'

STRONGSON, Strong's Son : v; Strong. STUBBARD UEng.) Ox-Herd [Dial. E.

ST ROOD : V. Stroud. STUBBART stub, an ox ; prob. a nickname STUBBERD for the animal f. O.E. stybb, (Celt.) Dweller STROTHER by a Stream STO(B)BART J stubb = O.N. stubb-r, a stump, [Gael, Ir.) (and sruthair, a stream] log -I- E. herd, O.E. kierde, a herdsman] There are the Strother Hills, Durham ST U B B I N for Stu bbing, q.v. ' and an Alan del Strother ' was Bailiff of Tindale (Tynedale) in 1358. STUBBING (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at the Cp. Struther. Tree-Stump Meadow [O.E. stybb, stubb = O.N. stubb-r, a tree-stump 4- O.North. STROUD (Eng.) Bel. to or Stroud Strood ; or and East.E. ing = O.N. eng, a meadow] Dweller at the Brushwood or Thicket [O.E. strod = M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. struot, Henricus de Stubbyng. bushes, underwood, thicket] Yorks mi-Tax, A.D. 1379. Strood, Kent, was Strdd (genit. Strddes) Pl- "''^ Senit., of Stubbing. in a charter dated a.d. 889. STUBbInS^}

In the Charter-Rolls, a.d. i 199-1200, a Nicholas de Stubbings.—fla«rf. Rolls. Westgrove and a La Strode are bracketed

' BBS (Eng. and Scand,) pi., and genit., of together as Bosci ' [M.Lat. boscus, a STU bush, thicket]. The surnames 'atte Stubb, q.v.

' Stroude ' and atte Strode ' occur in a Soms. Richard de Stubbes. Subsidy-Roll a.d. 1327. Hund. Rolls (Yorks).

STROYAN (Celt.) Dweller at a Streamlet With knotty, knarry, bareyne trees olde, [Gael, sruthan {th mute), f. sruth, a stream, with the dim. suff. -dn\ Of stubbes sharpe and hidouse to biholde. STRUDE, a var. of Strood, Stroud, q.v. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 1977-8.

STRUDWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Strudwick; or See also the quotation from Spenser Dweller at the Bushy Place [v. under under Stocks. Stroud, and O.E. wic, a place] + " Ye'll find a pretty many stubs about A strdd wic occurs in a Sussex charter when ye gets into de wood ". dated a.d. 956 ('C.S '. no. 961). Diet. Kent. Dial., p^ 166.

STRUTHER (CeU.) Dweller by a Stream STUCK (Eng.) Short; Stumpy [M.E. stuk; [Gael, (and Ir.) sruthair'] I. O.E. stocc, a stump]

STRUTHERS = Struther -f the E. pi. (and STUGKEY (Eng.) Short and Thick [Dial. genit.) -J affix. E. stucky, stocky ; f. O.E. stocc, a stump] There is a Struthers in co. Fife, The West. Eng. (voiced) form is rfMggy STRUTT (Teut.) Stiff, Pompous [Low Ger. "I yer [hear] that 'is missis is a stuggy strutt, stiff, etc.: cp. O.E. strtiiian, to be little body. stiff, and O.N. sirdt-r, a pointed hood] Peasant-Speech af Devon, p. 130, In the Hundred-Rolls the same individ- 1 for ual is referred to as 'John le Strut' and STUCKLEY 1 Stookley, (j.v. STUKLEY 'John Strutt." ; 3 foj stukeley, q.v. —

198 5tuddard Sturton

STUDDARD \ (Eng.) = Stoddard, Stoddart, STURGES STUDDARTJq.v. STURGESS Sturge's (Son) : v. Sturge. (Scand.) Ox-Herd [Dan.-Norw. stud STURGIS (= Swed. stut), an ox + hyrde, a herdsman] Johannes Sturgys.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. STUDLEIGHl (Eng.) Bel. to Studleigh,

STUDLEY I Studley, the M.E. Stodky, (Storm): see the Appendix of '— STURM Siodlegh, A.-Sax. StSdledh (' td stddledge Foreign Names.

dat. : 'C.S.' no. 620) = the Stud-Lea [O.E. stod, a stud (of horses] STURMAN (Eng.) i Ox-Man or -Herd [v. under Sture', Steer, and + man] The Warw. Studley was Stadlei in Domesday-Bk. 2 Steersman, Skipper [a descendant Cp. Stoodleigh, Stoodley. of the O.E. steSrmann, steersman, captain]

STUKELEY(Eng.)Bel. to Stukeley (Hunts), STURMER(Celt. + E.) Bel. to Sturmer(e loth cent. (Lat. charters) Stivecleia,Styvec- (Essex), 14th cent. Sturmere, A.-Sax. lea = the Clearing - Lea [f. O.E. Siurtnere = the Stour-Lake [v. under O.E. a lake] stxfician, to root or grub up + ledh, a Stour (Celt.) and + mere, meadow] The village is situated near the R. lake formerly covered about STU NT (Eng.) Stubborn ; Stunted ; Stupid Stour. The [O.E. stunt\ 20 acres : it is mentioned ("embe [about] Sturmere") in the A. - Sax. poem 'The The meaning varies somewhat ace. to Battle of Maldon', a.d. 993. dialect — e.g. : East Yorks, 'stubborn',

also 'short and thick' ; Kent, 'sullen', Rarely this name may be for the Ger.

'dogged' ; Lines, 'fierce', 'sulky". Sturmer, ' a blusterer.'

- - ?Lat.) Sturdy orig. STURDEE \ (A. Fr. ; STURMINSTER (Celt. + A.-Lat.) Bel. to STURDY J Rash, Reckless [M.E. sturdi; Sturminster (Dorset), 14th cent. Stur- O.Fr. estourdi (Fr. dtourdi, giddy, thought- minster = the (R.) Stour-Minster [v. prob. orig.] less) ; of uncertain but Lat. under Stour (Celt.), and -|- O.E. mynster Walter Stmdx.—Hund. Rolls. (Lat. monasterium), a monastery, church]

}' Sturtevant,Sturtivant. STU RT (Eng.) Bel. to Sturt or Stert ; or lTURmVA*N7 Dweller at a Tail or Tongue of Land [O.E. sUort] STU RE f (i6th cent. Stuer), a West. Eng, form of Steep, q.v. I3-I4th cent. West. Eng. records contain such surnames as 'de la Sturte' and 'atte "Thee art lick [like] a skittish stwe."— Sturt.' Exmoor Scolding, 1. 49. See also "Notes on the Sture Family Cp. Start and Stort- of England', by Rev. W. H. Hornby STURTEVANT"! The evidence is not con- Steer (Reprint from The Antiquary, 1887), STURTIVANT elusive, but the name who would like to connect both 'Sture' J (found also as Startivant) is app. a nick- and 'Steer' With O.N. styrr, 'a stir', 'tumult'. name—'Start Away' I^for a messenger or 2 = Stoup, q.v. pursuivant [f. M.E. sterten, to start, and A.-Fr. ava{u)nt, forward, away, O.Fr. STURGE is not an easy name, but it is app. avant, Lat. ab ante] merely a voiced descendant of the O.E. sterced-, 'stern', 'stout', 'strong' (seen in Willelmus Styrtavant. sterced-ferKS, 'stern, etc., -minded', in the Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Old Northumbrian poem 'ludith') [conn, with O.E. stearc, rigid, stern, strong; STURTON (Eng.) i a metathesized form of and therefore with E. 'starch'] Stretton, Stratton, q.v. 2 = Stourton, q.v. STURGEON \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from STURGIN J thefishso called {O.Vx.est{o)ur- Sturton (Grange), Yorks, was Stretun in geon (Fr. esiurgeon), L.Lat. sturjo, -onis; f. , Domesday-Book. Sturton, Notts, form. O.H.Ger. sturU)e, mod. stiir (= O.E. Stretton, "is situated on Ermine Street," styria), a sturgeon] as also is one of the Line. Sturtons. The Wilts', The surname is usually Sturgeon in our 'Nicholas de Sturton, mentioned I4th-i5th cent, records; Sturgion occurs in the Testa de Nevill, evid. hailed from 4hat county. in the i6th cent. the mod, Stourton in — — —— :

199 Stutfield Suggie

STUTFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Stutfield or Stot- Sudbury,. Suffl, occurs in A.-Sax.

field ; or Dweller at the Horse or Cattle records as SitSbyrig'-dat. case. Field [v. under Stott, and + M.E. O.E. Ric'us [de] Sudbury. feld] Inq. adq. Damn., A,D. 1326. STUTT(A)FORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Horse SUDDELLl (Eng.) Dweller at i the South or Cattle Ford [v. under Stott, and + Dale [O.E. sA^ d(Bt\ SUDELL , + Kford] J 2 the South Corner [O.E. sA^ + STUTTARD i for Stothard, q.v. heali/t] 2 conf. with Studdard, Stoddard, q.v. SU DLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Sudlow ; or Dweller at the South Hill or Tumulus [O.E. STUTTER (Eug.) Stutterer [f. late M.E. sA'S + hlfkuj] stut{te, M.E. stolen, to stutter : cp. E.Fris. stuttem = Dut. stotteren, to stutter] Sudlow, Chesh., occurs as Sudlow and Sudloe in the 17th cent. STYDOLPH \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. StfSwulf Suffield (Yorks.: STI DOLPH J ('Liber Vitae Dunelm." Stithmlf) SUFFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to = Strong Wolf [O.E. stUS, stiff, strong, Domesday Sudfelt, Sudfeld ; Norf.) = the firm + «)«//] South Field or Plain [O.E. swS + feld]

STYE (Eng.) Dweller by i a Sty [O.E. ^^^•(a, SUFFOLK (Eng.) One from Suffolk, the M.E. a sty, animal-pen] Suffpik{e, etc., A.-Sax. SA'^folc = the South Folk (of the East Angles). 2 a Path [0,E. siig, a path] A Latin charter dated a.d. ('Cart. The scheref made to seke Notyngham, 895 Sax.' no. 571) has "in pago Suthfolchi". Bothe be strete and stye.—

Roliyn Hode and the Munke, 301-2. . . . they of Kente, Southsex, and Surrey, Estsex and of Southfolke and of STYER = Stye + the E. agent. saS.-er. Northfolk.— Malory, Morte dArthur, XXI. iii. STYLE (Eng.) Dweller by a Stile [O.E. stigol, -el\ Suffolke and Norfolke near, so named of their sites. Richard de la Style.—ifMBrf. Rolls. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxiii. 135. STYLEMAN = Style E. man. + SUGAR (Eng.) is doubtless for the M.E.. Sulgar, which occurs more than once as a STYLES, geuit;, and pi., of Style, q.v. surname in the Yorks Poll-Tax, a.d. 1379 [the second element is O.E. gdr, a spear STY(E)MAN = Stye (q.v.) + E. man. the first element seems to represent O.E.

SUART = Seward, q.v. : cp. Stuart from sylla, good] Steward. (A.-Fr.-East.) a compar. late nickname The Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, has as or trade-name from the article [M.E. surnames both 5«ar/ and Sueherd. suger, Fr. sucre. Span. azAcar (a- for Arab. al, the) ; Arab, sokkar, sugar] Q^.-Fr.-Lat.) a SUCH \ Dweller by Tree- (Eng.) Dweller at the Sow-Hollow SUCHE J Stump [Fr. souche; prob. f. the pp., SUGDEN succisum, of Lat. succidere, to cut down] [0.(N.)E. sugu, a sow -|- denu, a hollow] Alan de la Souche. Hund. Rolls. Robertus de Sugden. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SUCKBITCH (Eng.) for the M.E. Sokespic, a nickname, = Suck-Bacon, for a rustic SUGG (Eng.) I a nickname and sign-name [f. O.E. sitcaii, to suck + sptc, bacon] from the Sow [Dial. N. and East.E. and ,S<^ql. sugig, 0.(N,)E. sugu = Swed. sugga, SUCKLING (Eng.) a nickname [f. O.E. stican, a sow] to suck the (double) dim. suff. -Hng] + 2 a nickname from the bird so called Robert Suciiag.—Hund. Rolls. [M.E. sugge, O.E. sugga, a bird]

SUCKSMITH (Eng.) an imit. form of SUGGIE = Sugg (q.v.) -f the N.E. and Scot, Sixsmith, q.v. dim. suff. -ie,

SUDBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Sudbury =the South Suggie.— {i) a young sow; (2) a fat Stronghold [Q.E. srftS + burh] person (North. Scot.).—Jamieson, ——— ———— —— —

200 Suitor Sumption

SUITOR = Soutep, q.v. SUMMERSET : v. Somepset.

SUMMER(S)FORD : v. SomepfoPd. sullivan 1 sullevan; SUMMERSGILL (Scand.) Dweller at Sumar's, or SuMARLiDE's, Ravine [v. SULLOCH 1 (Celt.) Keen-Sighted; Sharp, under Summep and Somepby, and -t- SULLOCK Knowing [Gael, and Ir. suileach] J O.N. gil, a ravine] SULLY "l(Fr.-Lat. + Celt.) Bel. to Sully SUMMERSHALL (Eng.) Bel. toSomersall SULLEY J (Normandy), a.d. iiig Sul[l]iacum (Derby), the Domesday Sumersale = = the Estate of Sulla [i-ac-um, the Sumer's, or Sumerlide's Hall [v. under Lat.-Gaul. poss. suff.] SummePand Somepby and+O.N.E.Aa//]

(Eng.) Bel. to Sudeley (Glouc), anc. SUMMERSKILL (Scand.) i for Summepsgill, = ' Sulley, Sudley, &c., Domesday Sudlege 2 for Summepscale, q.v. ^' the South Lea [O.E. siiS + ledh] SUMMERSON i Summer's Son : v.'Summep. Bartholomew de Sulley, or Sudeley (GloMc,).—Hund. Rolls. 2 for Sumnepson, q.v.

Sully, Glam., app. owes its name to a SUMMERVILLE = Somepville, q.v. Norman knight Appa- SUMNER ] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Summoner, "Sully was given by Fitzharamon to Sir SUMNOR ritor, Ecclesiastical-Court Robert de Sully, who had a castle here." \ SUMPNErJ Officer [M.E. sumenor, —Nat. Gaz. som{p)nour, somonour, etc., A.-Fr. somenour,

etc. f. O.Fr. som(m)oner, to summon, Lat. SUMMER I an O.Teut. pers. name and nick- i name from the season [O.E. sumor, sumer summonere, to remind secretly] = O.N. sumar (Dan.-Norw. sommer, Swed. Hugh le Sumenor. sommar) = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. sumar (Ger. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. = O.Fris. sumur = Dut. sommer) somerl John Sompnour. John Somer. Vale Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1428-32. Sonts. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. As sisours fassize-men] and somonours, Henr' Somer. Sherreves and hire [their] clerkes, Charter-Rolls, temp. Hen. VI. Bedelles and baillifs.^ Piers Plowman, 998-1000. 2 a contr. of the A.-Scand. Sumerlide or Millere, Sumerlida: v. Summerlee and Somepby. Ther was also a Reve and a A Somnour and a Pardoner also. 3 for Sumnep, q.v. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 542-3. SUMMERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at Summer's A Somonour is a rennere up and doun. Field Iv. under Summep, and + M.E. do. do. D 1283. Q.E.feld\ S U M N E RS, (the) Sumner's (Son) 1 v. Su m- (Fr.) for'Somerville, q.v. SUMNERSON, (the) Sumner's SoNj nep.

SUM M ERLEE 1 (A.-Scand.) for the A.-Scand. SUM(P)TER (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) Pack-Horse SUMMERLEY ] Sumerlide or Sumerlida: v. Man, Sumpter-Horse Attendant [M.E. under Somerby. sum{e)ter, sumpter,som{e)ter,O.Tx. sommetier, L.hat. summatarius, a pack-horse driver; In mod. Norwegian we find the form f. L.Lat. sagmarius, a pack-horse ; Gr. Sommaarlee as well as earlier Sumarlide. a&yna, a pack-saddle]

I Thomas le Someter. SUMMERS Summer's (Son) : v, Summep. De Banco Rolls, A.D. 1272-3. 2 for Sumneps, q.v. William le Sumeter. SUMMERSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Somersby Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. (Lines) [prob.the same name as Somepby Ralph, alias Ranulph le Sumpter. (q.v.), but with a genit. -5] Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4.

SUMMERSCALE 1 (Scand.) Dweller at the SUM(P)TERMAN = Sum(p)tep + man. SUMMERSCALES Summer- HuT(s [O.N. J SUMPTION (A.-Fr.-Lat.) an aphseresized sumar + skdli, a hut] form of a name given to one born on the The Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. 1379, has both festival of the Assumption (isth August) 'de Somerscale' and 'de SomerscaUs' as [f. the pp., assumptus, of Lat. assumere, to surnames. take to oneselt^ — — —

201 Sumpton Suttle

SUMPTON, a corrupt form of Somerton, q.v. Rivers glso have imposed names to some men, as they have to towns situated SUNDAY (Eng.) a nickname and pers. name on them; as the old Baron Sur Teys, that from the day [M.E. sunedai, sunnedei, etc., is, on the River Teys, running between O.E. sunnan-dceg\ Yorkshire and the Bishoprick of Duresme. (Eng.) Bel. to Sunderland; SUNDERLAND Camden, Remains cone. Brit., ch. or Dweller at the Private or Reserved Surnames'. Land (land set apart') [O.E. sundarland] SUSSEX (Eng.) Bel. to Sussex, the A.-Sax. The Lane. Sunderland was Sunderland Slits Seaxe = the South Saxons. in the 13th and 14th cent. ; the Yorks Sunderlandwick was Sundrelofiwic in Si's Seaxe and East Seaxe. A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 823. Domesday-Book ; the Durham place was Sounderland in Boldon Book. SUTCH = Such, q.v. ; SUNMAN (Eng.) the Domesday and A.-Sax. SUTCLIFF \ (Eng.) Dweller by the South Sun(fi)matt = Sun(ny Man [O.E. sun- SUTGLIFFE / Cliff [O.E. jijts + clif'\ {sunne, sunna), sun-, sunny -f- man{n'\ This surname occurs in the Yorks PoU-Tax, A.D. 1379, as both &)u(Ac/(/ and SUNNER for Sumner, q.v. Sothclyff.

SUNNERS for Sumners, q.v. SUTER 1 (A.-Lat.) Shoemaker [O.E. sitere, SUTORJ Lat. jMtor] SUNTER for Sum(p)tep, q.v. Patrick le Suter. SURFLEET (Eng.) Bel. to Surfleet (Lines), Chesh. Chmbrlns'. >Accts., A.D. 1303-4. 13th cent. Surflet = the Sour Water See Souter. [M.E. sur, O.E. sAr, sour + M.E.fiet, O.E. Jleot, water, a stream] SUTHERLAND (Scand.) Bel. to Sutherland, the O.N. Su'Srland = the Southern for Seple, q.v. SURLE Land (compared with the Orkneys).

SURMAN \ (Eng.) Sour or Surly Man SUTHERST (Eng.) Dweller at the South SURMON J [M.E. sur, O.E. siit, sour + mati\ Wood [O.E. iu'tS -1- hyrsi\

Cp. 'Sweetman' ; and E. 'surly'. luT?HlRY}^-So"thPey. SURR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) prob. for the M.E. and M.Scot, ser, sere, etymologically more SUTHREN, V. Sothep(a)n.

correct than sir, sire : v. Sire.

" luTL!EFF}^°'^Sutcliff,q.v. "Gud Ser, behald, and thu may se . . —Scot. Legends of the Saints (Machor and SUTTER for Sutep, q.v. Dewynik). SUTTERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Sutterby Hardly, for more than one reason, for (Lines) = the Southern Dwelling or the Scand. sur [O.N. sur-r\ 'sour,' 'sUUen'. Farmstead [O.N. su'Sr (Swed. soder) + b^-r] SURRAGE for Suppidge, q.v. SUTTERLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Sotterley (Suff.), SURREY! (Eng.) Bel. to Surrey, the M.E. 13th cent. Soterle = the South Lea - (dat. SURRY ISurreye, A. Sax. StiWg [Soter- for M.E. Sother-, O.E. suiSra, siitSra, SiiSrige) = the Southern Waterside prop, compar. of silS, south = O.N. (of the Thames opp. old London) [O.E. sUSr (v. under Suttepby) + M.E. ley, sttS, south -|- .sriSffl, prop, the compar. of O.E- ledh, a lea] ((e)g, waterside, etc.] SUTTILLI (Eng.) Dweller at the South " sfitS ofer Temese on SitSrige."— SUTTLE ; Hill [O.E. siiS hyll; with inter- A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 851. dentalism lost through Scand. influence : Cp. Southpey. cp. Suttepby] SURRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the South Soothill, W. Yorks, was Sutill in the 14th cent. Ridge [O.E. srftS -|- hrycg'\ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Subtle, Clever, , Cun- SURTEES (Fr.-Lat. + Celt.) Dweller On the ning [A.-Fr. sotil, etc. ; Lat. subtilis, fine, [Fr. Lat. super, on ; and v. (R.) Tees sur, thin] Tees] And if that thow sotil be, The M.Lat. form of this name was super Help now thiselve.— Tysam or Tmam. Piers Plowman, I2i8i-3t — — ——— —

202 Suttley Swan5comb(e

SUTTLEY for Sutferley, q.v. SWAiNSTON (Eng.) Dweller at Swain's or Swan's Farmstead [v. under Swain, SUTTON (Eng.) Bel. to Sutton, the M.E. and + O.E. mn] Sutton{e, A.-Sax. SUVtun - the South En- There is a Swainstou jn the Isle closure, Farmstead, or Village of Wight. [O.E. siiS, sOp + mn] Sutton, Surrey, occurs in a wholly SWALE (Scand.) the Norse Svale, O.Norse cold, fresh] Latin charter dated a.d. 727 ('Cart. Sax.' Suali [O.N. sual-r, cool, no. 39) as "apud Su^tone," Ricardus Swale. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SUTTOR for Sutor : v, Suter. (Teut.) Dweller by the R. Swale [prob. SWABEY (Scand.) Bel. to Swaby (Lines), f. O.E. swilian (prt. sg. swal), to swill, \ wash] SWABY J 13th cent. Swaby [O.N. 6^-r, farm, estate: the 'first element, Swa-,'ma.y re- Thomas de Swale. present the O.N. pers. (ethnic) n^me Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Siidf-r (=0.E. Swckf), 'Swabian'; or O.N. (Eng.) Dweller at a Swale [Dial. E. Sueinn (= O.E. Swan) (v. Swain] swale, " a gentle rising of the ground, but declivity" app. f. SWAFFHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Swaffham (Norf. with a corresponding ; and Camb.: 13th cent. Swaffham, Swafham) O.E. swellan (prt. sg. sweall), to swell] = Sw.«;f's Home or Estate [v. under SWALES, Swale's (Son) : v. Swaie, esp.i Swaby, and + O.E. hdm\ (Eng.) a nickname from the bird We find the Cont. Low-Ger. counter- SWALLOW [M.E, swalewe, swalowe, O.E. swealwe] part of this place-name — SuAfliim—in a gth-cent. register of the Abbey of Wer- (Scand.) Bel. to Swallow (Lines), a.d. den-an-der-Kuhr. 1226-7 Swalewe [prob. Dial. N. and East

E. swallow, a deep hollow, abyss ; O.N. (Eng.) Bel. to Swafield (Norf.), SWAFFI^LD suelg-r, f. suelga, to swallow : cp.. O.E. 13th cent. Swafeld [O.E. feld, afield, plain: swelgend, an abyss, whirlpool, f. O.E. for the first element see under Swaby] swelgan, to swallow, absorb]

SWAILES, V. Swales. SWAN 1 (Eng. and Scand.) i a nickname SWANN \iTom the Swan [O.E. swan ~ orig. SWAIN "I (Scand. and Eng.) Swine- SWANNE JO.N. s»a«-y] SWAINE J herd; later Herdsman, Servant, Henry le Swan. Rolls or Man generally [M.E. swayn(e, sweynie, of Pari.

swein, etc. ; O.N. sueinn = U.E. swdn] 2 a sign-name. John le Swein,—Hund. Rolls. Thomas atte Swan. Close Rolls. Sueinn (Swed. Sven, Dan.-Norw. Suend, 3 = Swain, q.v. a youth, servant), like the almost equally SWANCOCK = Swan (q.v.) the pet suff. lowly Karl (churl), became a royal name + ' -cock. Sueinn konungr tiagu-skegg . . . [ob.

1014] SWANCOTT "I (Eng.) Dweller at i the Herds-

I mai?sCot [O.E. swain, (King Sweyn Forkbeard . . . ). SWANCOAT «i;a'«, a herdsman + coi\ Sueinn Dana-konungr ok Ol^fr Suia- the konungr ... 2 Swan-Cote [O.E. swan -f cot\ (Sweyn, King of the Danes, and Olaf, There is a township called Swancott

King of the Swedes . . . ). in Shropshire. The Death of Olaf Trygguason. SWANNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swannington

Hym boes [behoves] serve hym-self (Norf. : 14th cent. Swenington ; Leic.) = that has na swayn, the Estate of the Swan- Family Or elles he is a fool, as clerkes sayn. [A.-Sax. *Swdninga-tun — swan (= O.N.

Chaucer, Cant- Tales, A 4027-8. Sueinn), swain, warrior -f- -inga, genit. pi.

of the fil. suff. -ing | tun, estate, etc.] With that sprong forth anakedswayne.— Spenser, Shepheards Cat. (March). SWANSCOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Swanscombe {S.tnt), i^th cent. Swaneschampe, A.D. 695 8WAINS0N, (the) Swain's Son: v. Swain. Suanescamp ('C.S'. no. 87) = Swan's Thomas Swaynesson.— Camp [the genit. of O.E, swdn, a swain, rorfe PoU-Tm A.D. 1379. warrior + eamp, borrowed f, Lat. camp-us\ — — — ——

203 Swanson Swepstone

The change in the second element of SWEATMAN = Sweetman, q.v, the place-name has doubtless been helped by the fact that it is topographically SWEENEY! (Celt.) the Irish Suibhne, prob. suitable, the village being situated "in a SWEENY J for Suidhne—dh mute (cp. Ir. hollow" [O.E. cumb (f. Celtic), a hollow] suibhe for suidhe, a session, assize) [Ir. suidh, a hero + the dim. suff, -«e] SWANSON I Swan's Son : v. Swan. (occ.) (Eng.) Dweller at (i) the Swine- 2 = q.v. Swainson, Meadow [O.E. swin + ge)hteg]

SWANSTON (Eng.) i Dweller at Swan's (2) the Swine Island or Waterside Farmstead [v. Swan, and + M.E. -ton, [O.E. swln -I- {{e)g'] to», O.E.7(2n, farm, etc.] Sweeney is the name of a Shropshire township. 2 = Swainston, q.v.

There is a Swanston in c6. Edinburgh; SWEET (Eng.) [M.E. swet(e, suete, O.E. sai/te, and a Swanneston occurs in the Charter- sweet] Rolls for Kent tp. Hen. VI. SWEETAPPLE (Eng.) Dweller by theSwEET- Apple (Tree) [O.E. swdte mppel] SWANTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swanton (Norf.: -i- 13th cent. Swanton, Swantun; Kent: A.-Saz. (Eng.) = Sweet (q.v.) -t- the no. etc.) = SWEETCOCK , Swdnatun — 'C.S.' 1322; the E. pet suff. -cock. Swains' Place [O.E. swdn, genit. pi. swdna, swain, herdsman -fftin, dwelling(s] Adam Swetcoc. Hu«d. Rolls.

SWANWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Swanwick (Hants: SWEETENHAM, v. Swetenham. 13th cent. 5wan«uic; Derby, etc.) = Swan's Place [v. under Swain, and + O.E. wic\ SWEETING (Eng.) i the Domesday Sueting, A.-Sax. Sweting = Swet(a)'s Son [v. (Scand.) Bel. to Swarbrick under and -1- the O.E. fil. sufl. SWARBRECK \ Sweet, (N.Lancs) a.d. Suarte- ing\ SWARBRICK \ 1249 SWARBRIGG J brec = the Black Slope 2 Dweller at the Sweet Meadow [O-E [O.N. suart-r, black -|- brekka, a slope] sw^te + ing (O.N. eng), a meadow] William de Swartebricke. John de Sweting. Testa de Nevill. Latic, Ing., A.D. 1286. SWEETMAN = Sweet (q.v.) -1- E. man. SWART (Eng. and Scand.) Swarthy, Dark Swetman was not an uncommon [M.E. swart(e, O.E. sm(e)art = O.N. A.-Saxon name. suart-r (= Ger. schwarz] There has been sporadic confusion with hrsefen wandrode, (the) raven wan- Swetenham, q.v. dered, swearta.ndssa.lo- swart and dark- SWEETNAM, v. Swetenham. brfln brown. The Finnesburh Fight, 69-70. SWEETSER > Untill a nation straunge, with visage SWEET SIR (Eng. -J- A.-Fr.-Lat.) Sweet [v. swart.—Spenser, Faerie Queene, II. x. 15. SWEETSIRE f Sir Sweet and Sire] sweetzerJ SWATHLING (Eng.) Bel. to Swathlfng Richard Swetesire. (Hants), a.d. 932 Sw(s\>elingeford = the Close Rolls, A.D. 1355. of the Sw^>el Family [the pers. Ford There has been confusion with name is rare, if not unique ; but it is Swltzer, q.v. evid. a nickname f. (with dim. suff. -el) scar, var. of O.E. a O.E. swa^, a a swa]>, SWENEYl i.e^„„„/ v„ _„ pi. the fil, Sween(e)y, q.v. track, trace + -inga, genit. of SWENY ; suff. -ing] SWEPSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Swepstone = q.v. SWATMAN Sweetman, (Leic), the Domesday Scopestone [O.E.

Stan, a stone : the first element is app. f. the pret., scop, of O.E. scieppan, to create,

form ; and the reference is doubtless to a figured or ornamental stone of some kind SWEAR = Swire, q.v. (rather than to the 'Stone of the Poet' SWEARS, Swbar's (Son). [O.E. scSpl — — )

204 Swetenham Swinerton

SWETENHAM ] (Eng.^ Bel. lo Swettenham 2 the Swine-Lea Wood [v. under SWETNAM KChesh.), I3th-i4th cent. Swinley, and + O.E. hyrst] S)NETTEN»/KM } Swetenham = Sweta's ' Home [A.-Sax. *Swetan-hdm — Swdtan-, A John Swinlehurst ' occurs in a Lane. doct. a.d. genit. of Sweta (f. swite, sweet) + Mm, 1576. home, estate] SWINDLEY for Swinley, q.v. The -h- in the surname began early to drop out SWIN DON (Eng.) Bel. to Swindon ; or Dweller Hankyn de Swetenam. at the Swine-Hill [O.E. swin -f

swingelen), to beat flax ; O.E. swinglian (Scand.) the O.Scand. SuinbiSm — (O.E. swingell, swingle, a beating, stroke] Wise Bear [O.N. suinn-r, wise, intelligent -\- biont, a bear] SWINHOE (Eng.) Bel. to Swinhoe (North- umb.), A.D. 1315-16 Swyneho = the SWIN DALE (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Swin- ] Swine-Hill or -Ridge [O.E. swin + hd] SWINDELL \ dale ; or Dweller at the Swine- Valley {O.E. swin = O.N. suin SWINDLE J SWINHOPE (Eng.) Bel. to Swinhope ; or + O.E. dcel = O.N. dal-r] Dweller at the Swine-Hope [O.E. swin; and V. Hope] Swindale, Westmd., was Swindale c. 1200. SWINLEY (EngJ Bel. to Swinley ; or Dweller at the Swine-Lea [O.E. swin + ledh] SWINDELLS pi., and genit., of Swindell, \ Swinley, Berks, occurs as SWINDLES /Swindle. 'a&i Swinled' (dat.) in a land-charter dated a.d. 942. But the Chesh. Swindells are said to SWINNARD (Eng.) Swineherd [M.E. owe their name to a spot called Swyndelves \ SWINNART J swynherd, swynhird{e, O.E. [O.E. ge)delf, a ditch, trench] in the 14th swin-hierde^ cent. SWINNERTONl (Eng.) Bel. to Swinnerton ) SWINDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Swinden ; or SWINERTON /(Staffs) [The 13th - 14th SWIN DIN J Dweller at the Swine-Valley cent, forms Swinfqrlon, Swineforton point [O.E. swin + denu] to 'Swine-ford Farm' (" the village is The W. Yorks Swinden was Swyndenie near the R. Sow"); but the name of the place in the 14th cent., Suindene in Domesday- evidently changed some time in the Book. 13th cent., as (ace. to Staffs topographers) it occurs as Sulvertone in Domesday-Book SWINDLEHURST (Eng.) Dweller at i the and Silverton and Soulverton a.d. 1205-6, Swine-Dale Wood [v. under Swindale, implying a pers. name from O.E. seoifor, -|- and -t- O.E. hyrst, a wood] silver tAn, farm, estatej — — — —

aos Swinney Sympaon

SWINNEY = Sweeney, q.v. 8YDER

SWINSCOE \ (Scand.) Bel. to Swinscoe SWI NSCOW (Staffs), 13th cent. / Swyneskow, well-behaved, respectable] Sviiniscow = the Swine-Wood [O.N. sutn + skdg-r (Dan.-Norw. skov), a wood] She's a girt [great] sider.r— Lonsdale Gloss-, p. 74. (Eng.) SWINSTEAD Bel. to Swinstead; or SYDNEY, V. Sidney. Dweller at the Swine-Place [O.E. swin + stede] SYER I = Sire, q.v. Swinstead, Lines, was Swynested in the 2 a diphthongized descendant of the 13th cent. A.-Sax. Sigehere : v. Seger'., SWINTON (Eng.) Bel. to Swinton; or Dweller SYERS, Syer's (Son). at the Swine-Enclosure or -Farm [O.E. swin ftin] -I- SYKE (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller by a Rill, SWINYARD (EngO i Dweller at the Swine- Gutter, or Small Watercourse Enclosure {O.E. swin+geard, enclosure, fO.(N.)E. sic = O.N. sik] yard] Henricus del Syke. 2 for Swinnard, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. SWIRE (Eng.) I a nickname from some pecu- Syke.—a rill or small brook, more par- liarity of the Neck [M.E. swire, swyer, ticularly in a low, boggy situation.^- swyre, swiere, swer'e, etc., O.E. sw^ora M^TS^idiW, Rural Econ. of Yorks O.N. neck] (= sutri), the (Glossary), 1788. a Dweller at a Swire [Dial. E. swirei Syke.—a small wet hollow. 'a hollow near the top of aliill'; etym. as'] Cunibd. Gloss., p. 98. Cp. the Dorset place-name Swyre. SYKES, pi., and genit., of Syke. (rarely) 3 Cousin [O.E. sw^or (= Ger. Rogerus del Sykes. schwieger-) Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a weak form of Squire, q.v. SYLVESTER = Silvester, q.v. SWITHEN 1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Swibhun = SWITHIN J Strong Hun [O.E. smj, strong] SYMCOX = SImoox, q.v.

SWITHENBANK 1 (Eng.) Dweller at Swith- SYME = SIme, q.v. SWITHINBANK J iN's Bank [v. Swithin and Bank] SYMES = SImes, q.v. SWITZER (Swiss) a Swiss [Early Mod. E. SYMINGTON (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Symington Switzer = Ger. Schweizer: the Schweis, (Ayr: 13th cent. Symondstona; Lanark: Ger. name of Switzerland, is f. the canton 1 2th cent. Villa Symonis Locard) = and town of- Schwyz, a name prob. of Symon(d)'s or Simon(d)'s Estate fv. Romanic (Romansch) orig.] -|- Slmon(d ; and O.E. /«'n] Where are my Switzers ? Malcolm Locard possessed lands in Let them guard the doore. Ayrshire, 1164, and was father of Symon, Hamlet (ed. 1623), IV. v. 97-8. who acquired Symondstoun or Symington, SWORDER (Eng.) Sword - Maker [M.E. CO. Lanark. swerder; f. (with agent, suff. -er) O.E. Burke's Peerage, etc.,s.n. 'Lockhart.' sweord, a sword] SYMMONDS \ :SlmmondSi Simmons, q.v. SWORDSLIPPER : v. under Slipper. SYMMONS j

SWYER = Swire, q.v. SYMMS \ _Bi„,m= „„ SYMMESr-^""'"^'^''- SWYNY = Sweeny (esp. 2), q.v. SYMON = Simon, q.v. SYDDALL = Siddall, q.v. SYMOND j- Simond, SYDENHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Sydenham (Kent, Oxford, Devon), I3th-I4th cent. Sydenham, SYMONS^l =Simond8, Simons, q.v. Sidenhani, A.-Sax. Sidan Mm = Sida's Home [the pers. name Sida, genit. Sidan-, SYMONDSON : Symond's Son, is f. O.E. sidu, m., virtue, chastity, or O.E. ;-^ sid, broad rf- O.E. Mm, home, estate] SYMPSON = Simpson, q.v. ——

206 Syms Tafoer

SYMS = Sims, q.v. SYRED == Slped, q.v.

SYRES = Syers, q.v. SYNNOtJt} = Sinnett, Sinnott, q.v. SYRETT = Sirett, q.v. SYNYER for Senior, q.v. =Si9(s)on,q.v. SYRE = Syer, q.v. IyIISn}

TAAFFE (Celt.) Quiet, Sluggish [Ir. tamh TA'BOIS, V. Talboys. (mh as vor/] The Irish form of this name is given by TABOR, meton. for Tabopep. de Wulf, 'Sloinnte Gaedheal is Gall', p. TABORER 97, as Tabh (cp. Ir. tabh, ocean) ; but this TABRAR \ V. Tab(b)e is prob. due to an error, especially as seems to be a tabh borrowed word. TACEY, a double dim. of Eustace, q.v. In a note in the 'Annals of the Four (Eng.) Bel. to Tackley (Oxf. : 13th Masters,' under a.d. 1485, the editor says TACKLEY that'Taa'"is the present Irish form of cent. TaMk)ele), Takeley (Essex: 13th the name Taaffe in the county of Louth." cetit.Takeleye, Tackeleg),A.-Sax.*Tiec{c)an' ledh (Teec(c)an; genit. of *Ttec{c)a) = TABARAR = Tab(b)epep, q.v. T/ec(c)a's Lea

TABB, an abbrev. of one of the Tab(b- names. TACON (Fr.-Teut.) Moisy, 'Noms de Famille Norm.' The rare A.-Sax. pers. name Teebba (7th (p. 423), gives as the origin of the evid. allied the Norm. Dial. cent.), of uncertain orig., can hardly have Taguet 'a nail' (cogn. with 'tack') ; it left descendants. taque, E. but is much more likely to be the first element TAB(B)ERER (A. - Fr. - Span. - Ar.) Tabour- of a Norse Thak- name [O.N. ^aik^ later (Dan.-Norw. toJt) = thought, Player ; f. J>i*fe O.E. j'anc, Drummer [M.E. tab(o)urer ; M.E. O.Fr. tabo(u)r (Fr. tambour), a small I'avour, grace (thanks): see underTancred]

drum ; through Span. f. Arab, and Pers. with the Fr. dim. suff. -et (-on in the case tambur, a guitar, drum] of Tacon).

John le Taburer.—/ftt«rf. Rolls. We also find in France the dims. Taconet, Taconnet, Tacnet, Taconnot; as TABER, meton. for Taberer, q.v. well as Tacot.

TABERNER i = Tavernep, q.v. The pers. element in the Norfolk place- name Tacolneston is prob. a Scand. Benedict Taberner. Hund. Rolls. T{h)akulf (= A.-Sax. Thancwulf) ; and the 2 Tabour-Player [f. M.E. tahurn(e, a medial '« in the place-name an early form ot O.Fr. tabourin (Fr. tambourin), a misreading for v. small drum, tambourine; a dim. oitabo(ii)r: V. under Tab(b)epep] TADD is prob. for the Wei. tad, 'father'. Willelmus Taburner. TADHUNTER for Todhuntep, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. In Latin vocabularies of the M.E. period TADLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tadley (Hants)^ a.d. taburner and the less correct taberner are 909 Tadanledh = Tada's Lea [A.-Sax. genit. of glossed timpanista and timpanizator[{. Lat. Tadan-, Tada ; prob. borrowed tympanum, a tambourine, kettledrum] f. Wei. tad. father]

TABLER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Table- or Tablet- TADLOO 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tadlow (Camb.) Maker (playing tables or boards and TADLOWJi3th cent. Tadelowe, A.-Sax. writing-tablets being more particularly *Tadan-hMw = Tada's Hill or Tumu-

meant) [f. Fr. table ; Lat. tabula, a board, lus [v. under Tadley] gaming-board, writing-tablet] TADMAN (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. Tdtmann = Bartholomew le Tabler.— Wn<* of Pari. Merry Man [O.E. tdt- (= O.N. teit-r), TABLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tabley (Chesh.), 13th, cneerful, merry] cent. Tabbele, A.-Sax. *Tabban-ledli = TAFF = Taaffe, q.v. T^bba's Lea [A.-Sax. Teebban-, genit. of for T

ao7 Taft Talmati

TAFT, a North, form of Toft, q.v. (as 'craft' is Talehot s'est dit dans I'andenne langue °f '<=™ft') pour pillard, voleur; peut-Stre pourrait-on "Taft, a messuage".- rattacher cette denomination k I'habitude Jamieson, Scot Diet. qu'avaient et qu'ont gard6e certains TAGART "1 ((.gjj j,pjjjj. jjf MaoTaggart, bandits de se rendre m6connaissables en TAGERT J TAGGART q.v. se noircissant le visage.— Moisy, Diet. Patois Norm., p. 615. TAGG (Scand.) a nickname from the animal TALBOYS (A.-Fr..Lat. + Teut.) i Bel. to [Dial. E. tag, a yearling sheep: cp. Swed. Taillebois (Orne, Normandy) ; or Dweller tacka,, a ewe] at the Cut Wood [f. Fr. tailler, to cut (cp. a of the first year". "Tag, Tagge, sheep Tallis) ; and see Boys, BoyceJ ^"'' Cp. Tegg. ^"^*' ^^"*' 2 Wood-Cutter or -Trimmer [same ^'^""-^ Cp.Talfer. (A.-Gr.) a pet form of Agnes [Gr. ayi/lx, pure, chaste, sacred] TALFER ) (A,-Fr.-Lat.) the Fr. Taillefer, a Both Tag and Tagge occur as surnames TALFOR ( trade- or nick-name = Cut Iron [f. Fr. tailler, to cut (cp. Tallis), and -1- Fr, in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379. fer, Lat. ferr-um, iron] (q-v.) the William Tailefer.—.ff»«rf. Rolls. TAGG ETT \ = -^^Sg + Ff. dim. TAGGITT suff. -et. As one of William the First's com- panions, Taillefer is mentioned more than TAGUE (Celt.) a contr. of Mac Tague, q.v. once by Wace Sires, dist [dit] Taillefer, merci, TAILER, V. Taylor. Jo [je] vos ai lungement servi. Roman deRou, ii. 183 sqq. TAILYOUR, a Scot, form of Taylor, q.v. TALIE8IN (Celt.) Fair Front, Radiant Tailyouris [var. Telyouris\ and Sowtaris, Brow [Wei. tal, the front, forehead, etc.+ blist be ye ! iesin, fair, radiant, etc.] Dunbar, Telyouris and SenvtariS' TALINTIRE (Celt.) Bel. to Tallentire (Cumb.), . . . litstaris, wobstaris, — tailyeouris. A.D. 120S Talghentir [app. Cym. taken Burgh Seeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1505. (c as k), front, brow + tir, land : this ety- mology seems to be borne out by the TAINTER 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tinter, Dyer topography— " the village is situated on TAI NTERER S- [f. Fr. teint, a dye (Fr. teinturier, a declivity"] TAI NTOR ) a dyer) ; Lat. tinct-^s, a dyeing (Celt.) this —'tingere, to dye] TALLACK As is a Cornish name the orig. may be the Corn, form (talhac) of Stephen le Teynterer. Hund. Rolls. Wei. talaivg, 'having a large forehead' [f. John le Teyntour.—i?oWs of Pari. Corn, and Wei. (and Bret.) tal, the front, forehead.] TAIT (A.-Scand.) Cheerful, Gay, Brisk "I The cogn. Bret, talek, 'qui a un gratia TAITE • [M.E. te:v/, tete (Scot, tait), O.E. tdt front', is used as a family-name in Brittany. TAITT J = O.N.te«-r] TALLAND 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Talland (Cornwall), (later) (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i a nickname from TALLANT J evid. named from the Saint some peculiarity of the Head [Fr. tlte^ Tallan to whom the church is dedicated. O.Fr. teste, a head ; Lat. testa, a pot, (fig.) a skull] TALLBOY, an imit. form of Talboys, q.v. 2 Tite is also a French local name (cp. TALLEMACH(E (Fr.) a nickname from the Head). O.Fr. tal{e)mache, 'wallet,' 'knapsack.' TALBOT Peter Talemache.—if««rf. Rolls. TALBOTT (A. - Fr.) Pillager, Bandit TALLERMAN (Eng.)prob.forTallman (q.v.), TALBUT fO.Fr. talebot'\ in which case -er is a phon. intrusion TALBUTTJ ; it may, Talebotus Talebot.— however, be the compar. suff. Pine-Rolls, A.D. 1284. TALLIS (A..Fr.-LatJ Dweller at the Cut or Ta/Jo/ occurs in the listof "Compagnons Trimmed Copse [Fr., taillis, a copse

de, Guillaume ^ la CpnquSte de I'Angle- prop, "jeune bois mis en coupe r6gl6e"; f. terre en MLXVI" graven over the main Fr. tailler.to cut; Lat. talea, a cutting, graft] doorway (inside) of the old church at TALLMAN T (Eng.) Willing or Prompt Man DiveS; and, of course, in the alleged copies TALMAN [M.E, tal, willing, obedient : cp. of the Roll of Battle Abbey. J O.E. ge)tal, duick, prompt] In the dialect of Normandy talbot signi- Walter Talman.- fies 'lampblack', 'pot-black'— Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1337, — — > — —

308 Talmadge Tapeser

TANKARD for Tan c red, q.v. TANKERD I TAM, a North, form of T(h)om, q.v. Both of these forms of Tancred are found as early as the 14th cent, in Eng. forms TAMBLIN 1 North, (with intrus. -J-) of records. TAMBLYN J Tomlin, q.v. TANKERAY, v. Tanquenay. TAME (Celt.) Bel. to Thame ; or Dweller by the R. Tame or Thame [O.Celt, tdm, (Eng.) Dweller at the Scrub [v. under quiet, placid] TANN Tanfield] John de Tame (Oxon)—/7«»i. Soils. William de Tan.— Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. TAM KIN = Tam, T(h)om (q.v.) + the E. (double) dim. suff. -kin [O.Low Teut. There is a Tan Hill in Yorks. -k-in] (Scand.) an O.Scand. pers. name = Tooth, Tusk [O.N. tann-r, later tsnn; ^°'^'^- ^°™® Tomlin, q.v. TAMLYN } °^ .seen in Hilditann-r, etc.] TAMMAGE, an assim^ form of Talmage, Adam Tan. Tallemach(e, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

TAMPLIN 1 North, forms (with intrus. -/>-) TANNAR\ (Eng.) Leather-Maker [O.E.

TAMPLING r of Tomlin, q.v. TANNER r tannere\

TAM'S (Son) See the quot. from 'The Tanner of TAMS, 1 „ Tom T<'h^nm TAMSON, Tam's Son] ^- ^^'^^ T(h)om. Tamworth' under Barker.

TANCOCK I = Tann' (q.v.) + the pet suff. TANNATTl = Tann' (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. -cock. TAN N ETT J suff. -at, -et. 3 an unvoiced form of Dancock, q.v. There seems to have been some con- fusion with Dannatt, Dannett, q.v. TANCRED (A.-Fr..Teut.) the O.Teut. Tancrad, Dancrat(A..Sax.Thancred,O.^.Thak(k)rad), TAN NOCH 1 (Celt.) Dweller at a Meadow &c. = Gracious Counsel [O.H.Ger. TANNOCK J [Gael, (and Ir.) tamhnachi danc = O.Sax. thank = O.E. ^anc = O.N. Yakk-, Y'oldl, thought, favour, grace, thank TANQUERAY (Fr.-Teut.) Bel. to Tanqueray + O.H.Ger. rdt = O.Sax. rdd = O.E. (France), M.Lat.*ra«cAmac«»i =T(h)anc- rckd = O.N. rats, advice, counsel] heri's Estate [for the first element see under Tanored: the second is O.Sax. and TANDY, an unvoiced form of Dandy, q.v. O.H.Ger. fieri, army; the third is the Lat.-Gaul. possess, suff. -dc-um] TANFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to TanEeld (Yorks« : 14th cent. Tanfeld, Domesday Tanefeld; The Seine-Inf^rieure place-name Tan- Durh.) = the Scrubby Field [O.E. tdn, carville is the same name with the Lat.- pi. of td, a twig, branch + feld, a field, Gaul. poss. suff. replaced by Lat. villa. plain] Bel. to Tansley (Derby), the TANGYE (A.-Fr.-Celt. and Corn.) the Fr. TANSLEY. Tanguy, Bret. Tanguy, Tanneguy (M.Lat. Domesday Taneslege [O.E. ledh, a lea : the first element seems to be the genit. of the Tanneguidus) [perh. Bret, tdn (5= Wei. O.Scand. pers. name Tann-r (v. Tann'], and Corn, tdn), fire + Bret. guiti(= Wei. gwiw, Corn, gwyw, apt), brisk] TANTON (Celt.+E.) Bel. to i Tanton (Yorks), Jenner (who does not attempt to ex- the Domesday Tametun = the Enclosure plain the name) has the following note: or Dwelling(s on the R. Tame [O.E. tun, "Tangye a quite (Tanguy, common name enclosure, etc. ; and see under Tame] in Brittany, from St. Tanguy, one of the entourage of St. Pol of Leon).''—'Corn. 2 Taunton (Soms.), 13th cent. Tanton A.-Sax. Tantiin = the Enclosure or Names' : Hdbk. Com. Lang., 1904, p. 199. Dwelling(s on the R. Tan (now Tone) For the first element we may compare [O.E. tun, enclosure, etc.: for the river- the fem. name Tannwen of ' the Mabinog- name cp. O.Ir. tdin, tdn, water] ion.' Guido de Tanton. Doubtless the Tengy (not infreq.) of the Hund. Rolls (Soms.). Hundred-Rolls (a.d. 1274) is the same name Tengy ad Fontera (Camb.) tapIsIrI'-t^p'^^^)^"' — — — —— —

209 Taphouse Tarr

TAPHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at a Tavern or TAPSTER (Eng.) (orig. female) Beer-Seller, Inn [O.E. tceppa, a tap + hus\ Innkeeper [M.E. tappester(e, O.E. Their senses are with blacke damnation tappestre] drunke, He knew the tavernes well in all the toun. Whose heart is Satans tap-house or — his inne. And everich hostiler and tappestere. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 240-1, John Taylor, Workes i. A (1630) 3. TARBARD There are places called Tap House in TARBART

both Devon and Cornwall. , TARBERT \ forms of Torbart (etc.), q.v. TAR BET TAPISER 1 (A.-Fr. - Lat. - Gr.) Tapestry- TARBUTT

TAPISSER j- Worker, Upholsterer [Fr. f. Fr. tapisserie, tapes- TAPSER j tapissier ; TARBERT \ (Celt.) Bel. to Tarbet or Tar- try, to/iji, a carpet, etc.; Lat. to/>?/e, tapestry, TARBET jbert = the Isthmus [Gael, tair- etc., Gr. Tiiriit, a carpet, rug] beart\ Tarbet or Tarbert, co. Argyle, "is sit-

TAPLAY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tap(e)ley (Devon), uated on a neck of land between East

TAPLEY I iz'(iicmtTapplegh,A..-S>?>.-x..*T(eppan- and West Tarbert Lochs".

Jedh [the pers. , = TiEPPA's Lea name (Scand.) for Torbert, q.v. Ttzppa, genit. Teeppan-, is app. a nickname (for an innkeeper) f. O.E. teeppa, m., a tap TARBOCK \ (Scand.) Bel. to Tarbock (Lanes), (whence ttsppere, a tavern-keeper] TARBUCKJanc. Torboc, Torhec = Thor's There may have been sporadic confusion Brook [O.N. bekk-r, a brook] with q.v. Tabley, TARGE (Fr.-Teut. and E.) a nickname and (later) local name [Fr. targe, a shield, = Tamplin (q.v.), with -m- assim. TAPLIN target ; O.N. targa = O.E. targe, targa, a to -P-. small shield] Richard Targe. Hund. Rolls. TAPLING = Taplin with intrus. -g. TARGETT i = Targe (q.v.) -f the Fr. dim. suif. -et. [O.Fr. targuete, a small shield] TAPP (Eng.) I the A.-Sax. pers. name Tappa : V. under Tapley. Often meton. for Targetman

"Scutati . . . Armezdeboucliers. 2 an abbrev. of one of the Tap- names. The shieldbearers, or targetmen." a North, (esp. Scot.) form of Topp,q.v. 3 Nomenclator, A.D. 1585. TAPPENDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Tappenden or 2 for Torgett, q.v. Toppenderi (Kent), anc. Tappendene, (Scand.) Bel. to Tarleton A.-Sax. *T(eppan-denu=TMPPA's Valley TARL(E)TON (Lanes: i3tn cent. Tarleton; Glouc. : anc. ITiBppan-, genit. of Tteppa : v. under Tarald's or Tapley] Thorleton) = Thorwald's Estate [v. under Thorald, and -|- O.N. TAPPER (Eng.) Beer-Seller, Innkeeper tun, enclosure, estate, etc.] [M.E. tapper{e, O.E. tappere] The form of the pers. name in this John le Tapper. Hund. Rolls. place-name is exactly paralleled by the Norw. place-name TarlebS, in 1563 TAPPIN = Tapp (q.v.) + the;A.-Fr. dim. Tharallebo. suff. -in. Tarald and Torald are present-day Norwegian forms of the O.N. Thirald-r TAPPING I = Tappin, with intrus. -^. or Thoruald-r. 2 for an A.-Sax. Tapping— Tapp- + TARLING: v.TeMing, the fil. suff. -ing : v. under Tapley. (Scand.) Dweller by a Pool [M.E. Cp. ' Tapping-oe Hall', Essex. TARN tern(e, O.N. tisrn] TAPPLY = Tapley (q.v.) In Kyng Arthurs tym ane awntyr [ad- venture] bityde TAPSCOTT (Eng.) Dweller at Ta(p)p's Cot BythererKeWathelynr'TgaraWadling, [v. under Tapp, and -)- M.E. cotl, O.E. or Tarn Watling,in Cutnberland "]. ' cot, a cottage] The Awntyrs of Arthure, 1-2.

var, TAPSQN, Tap(p)'s Son ; v. Tapp. TARR, a of Tppr, q.v. —— — — ;

210 Tarrant Tawyer

TARRANT (Celt.) Bel. to Tarrant (Dorset), TATLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Tetlow (Lanes), 14th named t. the River, 9-i3th cent. Tarent cent. Tetlawe=TiETA.'s Hill or Tumulus [f. (with post-« intrus. -/) the early form [the A.-Sax. pers. name Tata is a var. of ofWel. (and Corn.)Yara«(«, noise, thunder Tata (v. under Tait(e) :—l-O.E. hlAw, = Bret, taran, noise-maker = Ir. toran, hill, etc.] 'a sounding or great noise' (E.Ir. torand, Some confusion with Tad low (q.v.) thunder) = Gael, torunn, 'a loud, murmur- was inevitable.

, ing noise'] Tarent Abb'ia. fo"- Tattenhair, q.v. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1236-7. TATNELl}

TATTAM for Tatham, q.v. TARRETt) **"' Terratt, Terrett, q.v. TATTENHALL (Eng.) Bel. to Tattenhall (Chesh.), A.D. Tatenhale, A-Sax. forms of Terry, q.v. 1303-4 T^RRY^ } *ratanA(«)a?/=TATA'sHALL[rata»-,genit. of Tata (v. under Tait(e) + O.E. A(e)aH, Sharp, a hall] TARTT } (^°S.) Severe [O.E. t{.e)ari\

TATTERSALL "I (Eng.; Bel. to Tattershalt TASKER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Thrasher, Reaper; TATTERSHALL f (Lines), 13th cent. Tattes- Task-Worker, i.e. Piece-Worker [M.E. hall, Tateshale, A.-Sax. *Tatesh(e)all = taskerie ; f. (with agent, suff. -er) M.E. Tat's Hall [v. under Tait(e, and + taske, O.Fr. tasque, tasche (Fr. tdche), a task; O.E. h{e)atl, a hall] L.Lat. tasca, taxa, a tax; Lat. taxare, to appraise] TATTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tatton (Chesh.), Gilbert Tasker. 13th cent. Tatton, A.-Sax. *Tatan-tiin = Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Tata's Estate [Tahn-, genit. of Tata Henry le Taskere.?— (v. under. Tait(e) -|- O.E. tUn, estate, etc.] Lane. Ing., A.D. 1293. TASSELL (A.-Fr.-Lat:) a nickname from the TATUM for Tatham, q.v. Hawk [M.E. tassel{l for earlier tercel, O.Fr. TAUNTON (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Taunton : v. t{i)ercel, male hawk ; f. (with dim. suff. -el) Tanton'. O.Fr. tierce, tiers, Lat, tertius, third]

(A.-Fr..Teut.) the French Tassel, a dim. TAVENER ^ f. the O.Ger. Tas{s)o. TAVERNER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tavern-Keeper (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.) a double dim. L TAVERNOR [M.E. taverner, etc.Fr. tavemier, TAVINER Eustace, q.v. f. Fr. taverne, a tavern, Lat. TAVINOR tdbema, a hut] TASSEL(L)ER, a form of Teaslep, q.v. TAVNER Falco le Taverner. Hund.Rolls. TAVNOR , TATCHELL, the Frenchrac^e/ (^aterTacheau), Taverner.— a double dim. f. Eustache: v. Eustace Rie'us Inq. adq. Damn., A.D. 1410-11. l-el, dim. suff. ; Lat. -ell-us]

Gilbert Tachel.— if«n(/. Rolls. Thiseriotoures thre, of whiche Itelle ... Were set hem in a taverne forto drynke... TATE, V. Tait(e. By Seinte Marie I seyde this taverner.— Nicholas Tate.—Hund. Rolls. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, C 661, etc.

TAVISTOCK (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Tavistock TATlM'""}fo^Tatham,q.v. (Devon), a.d. 981 lavistoc—'at Tavistoce', (daU = the Dwelling(s on the R. Tavy

TATHAM(Eng.) Bel, to Tatham (Lanes), 13th [O.E. st6c,a dwelling-place : for the river- cent. Tateham, tatham = Tata's (m.) or name cp. Ir. tamhach (nth as v), quiet, Tate's (f.) Home [v. under Tait(e, and sluggish, the stem of which (tamh) is + O.E. Mm, home, estate] cognate with Wei. taw (also a river-name), still, quiet] TATLOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Tatlock (Chesh. or Abbas de Tavistock. SXancs), i6th cent, same spelling[the first Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1285-6. dementis the A.-Sax.pers. name Tata (m.)

or Tate (f.) (v. : under Tait(e) the second TAWER \ (Eng.) Leather-Dresser [f. is element rather for O.E. lacu, a stream, TAWYER J M.E, taiven, to prepare skins th^n 0,£. loc{a, an enclosure, stronghold] O.E. tdwian, to prepare, dress] ; — ": —

ail Tayler Tedmund

a farm, estate, TAYLER \ (A.-Fr..Lat.) Tailor [M.E. toy- element rather O.N. bf-r, TAYLOR/ lo{u)r, tayler, etc., O.Fr. taitteor than O.N. ey, island ; the first element (Fr. tailleur), prop, cutter; Fr. tailler, to doubtless being an abrasion of a pers. various O.N, Thio'S- cut ; Lat. talea, a cutting] name, prob. one of the = A.-Sax. Th^od-) names] This name was Latinized Pamtentdrius. ( q.v. Some foolish knave (I thinke) at first TEBB, a pet form of Theobald, began TEBBAT(T The slander that three Taylers are one 1 = (q.v.) the Fr. dim. TEBBET(T Tebb + man suff. TEBBIT(T -flt, -et, -ot. When many a Taylers boy I know hath the beene TEBBOT(T 2 weak forms (cp. ¥v.ThSbaut, tebbut(t; Thiebaut) of Theobald, q.v. Hath made tall men much fearefuU io be seene. TEBBAT(T)S John Taylor, Workes (1630), iii. 73. TEBBET(T)S = Tebbat(t)'s, etc., (Son) : v. TEBBIT(T)S Tay!:IrIon}('^^) TAILOR'S Son. TEBBOT(T)S Tebbat(t, etc. TEBBUT(T)S; TAYNTON (Eng.) Bel. to Taynton (Oxford

13th cent. Teynton; Glouc. : 13th cent. TEBBS Tebb's (Son) : V. Tebb. Teynton, Tethingtone, etc., Domesday TEBBES I Tetinton, Tatinion, prob. representing an A.-Sax. *Tcetan-tiln = TjETa's Estate TEBBY I = Tebb (q.v.) + theE. dim. suff. -y.

[Talati; genit. of Tceta : the pers. name is 2 conf. with Tebay. prob. conn, with O.E. tpetan, to caress, and therefore with O.E. tat = O.N. teit-r, (Eng.) a descendant of the first element cheerful] TEDD of an A.-Sax. Theod- name (as Theodbald, TEAGUE, acontractedvar. of Mao Tigue, q.v. Theodberht, Theodred, Theodric, etc.) [O.E. ^eSd, nation, people] TEAKLE = Tickle, q.v. The ibth-cent. Bishop of London, TEAL was also called Tedred; and (Teut.) a nickname from theWATER- Theodred, TEALE Tedric is a common Domesday form of FowL [M.E. tele, O.E. *tckle] TEALL Theodric.

Martin Tele.—Hund. Rolls. Nowadays 'Ted' is used as a pet form of 'Edward'. TEALING (Teut.) iia nickname from the waterfowl, the Teal [cp. M.Dut. teeling, TEDDER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. Theodhere = mod. taling, a teal] National Army [O.E. ^edd, nation, people 2 Bel. to Tealing (Forfar), 15 th cent. + here, army] Teling.

TEDDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Teddington TEAR "1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Peak or Point (Wore), A.D. 969 Teottingc[_a]tun, a.d. 780 TEAPE J [West. Eng. leap ; a lengthening of ' Teotting[a]tun — the Estate of the E. 'tip'] Teotta Family [Teotta is app. a pet TEAR (Celt.) contr. of Mao Tear, a form I form of an A.-Sax. Theod- name (y. Te^d) of Mao Intyre, q.v. fil. TEARE J -I- -inga, genit. pi. of the suff. -ing + iuK, estate, etc.] TEARLE (Eng.) Stern, Strict, Severe 2 Teddington (M'sex), anc. [the > [O.E. ^earl] Todynton :|:|A|}= etymol. is prob. the same as i] Tees, q.v. TEDMAN for Tedmond, q.v. TEASDALE = Teesdale, q.v. TEDMONDHEng.) i for the A.-Sax. Theod- TEASLER (Eng.) Teaser, Carder [f. O.E. TEDMUNDJ »i««i= National Protector Idsel, a teasel; tdsan,to tease or card (wool] [O.E. \edd, nation, people -|- mund, hand, protector] TEBAY \ (Scand.) Bel. to Tebay (Westmd.), TEEBAYJi4th cent. Tybay, Tybey(e, 13th 2 for (Bury) St. Edmund (with the -/ of cent. Tibbeie, Tybbeye, Thebeye, Thyby, etc. 'St.' attracted to the pers. name) : v.

[Earlier forms are desirable ; but as the Edmund. township is " situated under Tebay Fell Godfrey 4e St. Edmund. the name is evid, Scand., and the second Hmd. Rolls (Norf.). — — — — — — —

im Tee Templeton

TEE I for Tighe : v. Mao TIghe. Encore aujourd'hui Ton donne, en patois picard, le fabri- 2 poss. also representing the initial of nom de telliers aux cants de toiles. some T name : we may compare Teebee, near Washington, U.S.A., which Moisy, Noms de Fam. Norm., p. 426. name, it is beUeved, represents the = Tillett, q.v. initials of Thomas Blandford, an early tW^Tt] proprietor. TELLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Taling= Tjel's

TEEBAY, V. Tebay. Son [O.E. ge)tal, swift ; with the fil. suff. -ingi TEECE for Tees. q.v. TELLWRIGHT (Eng.) Tent-Maker [O.E. TEED teld wyrhta—teld, a tent + wyrhta, a var. of Tedd, q.v. TEEDE I Wright, maker] There may have been some confusion TEER, a contr. of Teer, a form of Mao Mac with Tiiewright. Intyre, q.v. TEMPANYI „ Tim«<.«« TEES \(Celt.) Dweller by the R. Tees, TEMPENYJ v-Timpany. TEESE Jform.TVw, Teys [There is little doubt TEMPERLEYl _ that this is a bi-elemental name, that the = Timperley,-r:„„^„,^„ q.v.„„ first element corresponds to the Scot, TEMPERLY ) river-name Tay (occurring in the 12th TEMPEST, the Fr.-Lat. equiv. of E. Storm. cent, as Tey), representing the GaeL tdmh = Ir. tdmh (aspirated form of O.Ir. tdm), Isabella Tempest. pron. practically like the cogn. Wei. taw, Yorks Poll-Tax, A.!). 1379.

quiet, sluggish, placid ; and that the rem- (A.-Lat. and A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller in nant (-s)ofthe second element represents TEMPLE or by a Religious House, esp. a Precep- the Old Celtic word for water seen in tory of the Knights Templars [O.E. Mod. Gael, and Ir. uisge (O.Ir. u{i)sce) = temp{e)l ; Lat. templ-um, whence also Fr. Wei. wysg] temple] Where Teis first from my bounds rich For example, at Temple Bruer, Lines, Dunelme TOurham] doth divide. " are the ruins of a Knights Templars' Urayton, Polyolbion, xxviii. 314. preceptory, founded before 1185"; Cp. Surtees. Temple Newsham, W. Yorks, "was a Knights Templars' preceptory"; the TEESDALE (Celt, -t- Teut;) Dweller in the Manor of Temple Sowerby, Westmd., Valley of the Tees [v. Tees, and + O.K. "was given by the Viponts to the Knights dtel = O.N. dal-r, valley] Templars"; the Knights Templars poss- essed Temple Bryan, co. Cork, in the (Teut.) a var. of Tagg, q.v. TEGG 14th cent. a about first A lamb becomes teg the Les localit€s qui portent le nom de le Michaelmas after its birth. Temple spnt d'anciennes prgceptoreries Leic. Gloss., p. 270. dependant de I'ordre du Temple. (Celt.) Fair, Handsome [Wei. tSg] Cocheris, Noms de Lieu, p. 165. A gentil maunciple [purveyor] was ther TEGG IN = Tegg (q.v.) + the dim. suff. -in. of a tewj^fe.—Chaucer, Prol. Cant.Tales,s67.

TEIR, a contr. of Mac Teir or Mac Tier, a (Celt.-Lat.) Dweller by a Church [Ir. form of Mac Intyre, q.v. and Gael, teampull; Lat. templ-um, a TELFER temple] TELFOR V. Talfer, Talfor. TEMPLEMAN (A.-Lat. + E.)=Temple(q.v.) E. TELFOUR -I- man. Ambrose le Templeman. Hund. Rolls. TELFORD for Telfor. TEM PLER 1 (A.-Lat.) Templar [M.E. tempter, The real name of Telford the engineer TEMPLAR/ L.Lat. templarius: v. under was Telfor. Temple] 'Wm&mTevap\e:T.—Hund. Rolls. TELLER \ (A. - Fr. - Lat.) Cloth - Maker, TELLIER r Weaver [O.Fr. tellier, Ulier (mod. TEMPLETON (A.-Lat. -f- E.) Bel. to Temple- Fr. toilier), a weaver; f. telle, Lat. tela, cloth] ton =x= the Temple-Town [v. under Johannes Teller. Temple, and + M.E. -ton, tun, O.E. tUn, Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. estate, village, etc.J — —!

213 Tench Tester

The manor of Tenjpleton, Devon, TERRATT1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) double dims, ot dim. sufif. formerly belonged to the Knights TERRETT J Theodonio, q.v. [Fr. Templars. -at, -et\ The present-day French forms are (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a nickname from the TENCH Terrat, Terret. Terriet, Thiret, Iherret, "fat and sleek" fish so called [M.E. O.Fr. Therriet, Thiriot, Thieriet, Thierrat, tenche (Fr. tanche), Lat. tinea, a tench] Thierret, Thierriot, etc. We should naturally expect a fish nick- name to arise in a maritime county: hence Cp. Terry. we find a 'John Tenche' in the Line. TERRELL Hundred-Rolls. 1 V. Tirrell. TERRILL J TENISON, V. Tennison, Dennison. contr. of TERREY \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Theodoric, TENNANT 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Tenant, Farmer TERRY 1 q-v- TENNENT J [f. Fr. tenant, holding, pres. Terry.—Hund. Rolls.

part. , of Lat. tenere, to holdj tenir, Geoffery Terri.— do. TENNER for Tanner. Wo was Hawkyn, wo was Kerry Wo was Tomkyn, wo was Terry I unvoiced forms of TENNESONl Dennison, 'The Turnament of Tottenham", 222-3 : TENNISON ; q.v. Percy's Reliques. TENNEY, an unvoiced form of Denney, q.v. The present-day French forms are ThSry, Thidry, Thierry.

N I EL is prob. to be referred to the French TEN A form, Terrick, preserving the orig. (Cher) village - name Theniou (form. guttural, remained in Cheshire (and prob. Theniot), a dim. f. a dial. var. of chine, elsewhere) in the late-i7th cent.; and a ' oak-tree '. I3th-cent. Latinization was Terricus. TENNISWOOD. Bel. to Tenniswood, app. (Ir.-Lat.) a dim. of Terence, q.v. Yorks and for 'Dennis's Wood'. TERRISS, Terry's (Son) : v. Terry [the TEN NY, an unvoiced form of Denny, q.v. formation corresponds to Harriss (Harry's] TENNYSON, an unvoiced form of Dennison, q.v. TESMOND(Eng.) the M.E. r«»itfMrf postu- TENPENNY for TImpany, q.v. lates an A.-Sax. *Teosmund, 'Protector from Evil' [O.E. teoso, injury, fraud, evil, (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Minder, Watch- TENTER etc. -I- mund, protector] man, Herdsman [an aphzeresized form The first element in this name is doubt- of 'attender'; f. Fr. attendre, to wait—Lat. less that seen in the loth-cent. Ties- attendere, to stretch to] berd ("dux"), 'Cart. Sax', no. 689; -iVt Tenters : watchers of cattle or sheep interchanging with -eo-. on the moors. Lonsdale Gloss., p. 85. [for etc., Fr. 2 Dyer M.E. teynturer, TESSEYMAN 1 the i4th-cent. Tacyman = teinturier, f. Lat. tinctura, a dyeing] TESSYMAN J Tacy's or Tacey's Man Both Teynturer and the Lat. Tinctor (-Servant) [v. Taoey, and -t- E. man^ occur as trade-names in the Hundred- Rolls. TESTARD (A.-Fr.-Lat. -h Teut.) a nickname = Great Head (cp. Greathead) [O.Fr. TEPPER for Tipper, q.v. teste (Fr. tite), a head ; Lat. testa, a pot, TEPPETT, an unvoiced form of Tebbett, q.v. skull + the Fr. intens. suff. -ard, Teut. hard, hard] TERENCE (Ir.-and Fr.-Lat.) the Lat. Teren- Robert Testard.—ffawrf. Rolls. tius [prob. f. Terentum, the place in the is a fairly common name in Campus Martins where the secular sports Testard were held] France; but the mod. form Tetard (cp. Fr. tStard, bull-head, tadpole) is more The Irish sometimes use Terence for frequent. their native Tiirlough {Toirdhealbhach).

1 [f. (with TERLING (Eng.) Bel. to Terling (Essex), the TESTER I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Assaykr A.-Sax. Terlingas = (the Estate of) the TESTARJ the agent, suff. -er) M.E. O.Fr. Terl- Family [the pers. name is app. a teste, a testing-pot, refining-pot; Lat. testa, form of O.E. \earl, stern, strict -H -ingas, apotj pi. {-infftm, dat. pi.) of the fil, suff. -ins\ » for Testardi q.v, — — —— .

214 Tetbury Thames

TETBURY(Eng.) Bel. to Tetbury (Glouc), TEWSON, Tew's Son : v. Tew. the A. -Sax. Tettanburg=TTsnn:A'sSTRONG- HOLD [the pers. name Tetta, genit. Tettan, THACKER (Eng.) Thatcher, Roofer [M.E.

is conn, with O.E. tdstan, to caress, and thackerie ; O.E. ^aca, ^cec = O.N. ^ak, a therefore with O.E. tdt- (=. O.N. teit-r), roof, thatch + the agent, suff. -«re] merry] THACKERAY ^ (Scand.) Dweller at the TETLEY (Eng.) i Bel. to Tetley [for the first THACKERY element see under Tetbury; and + M.E. THACKARAY Thack or Thatch Corner (store - place) [O.N. ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow] THACK RAH ^ak, thatch -)- urd (Dan.-Norw. This name may, however, also be due THACKRAY vraa), a corner] to an early filial form, as a Tettincgledh THACKWRAY/ for Tettingaledh \_-inga, genit. pi. of the Johannes de Thakwra. 'son' suff. -ing'\ occurs in a loth-cent. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Kentish Charter: 'Cart. Sax', no. iioi.

2 for Tetlow, q.v. THACKSTER(Eng.)(orig.) Female Thacker , or Thatcher [v. Thacker, but with the TETLOW ) (Eng.) Bel. to Tetlow (Lancs)> O.E. fem. agent, suff. -estre"]

TETLAW J 16th cent. Tetlow, isth cent- Tetlowe, 14th cent. Tettelowe, Tettelawe THADD/EUSl the Lat. forms of the Gr. [for the first element see under Tetbury; THADDEUS J Thaddaios (Qa^Saioi), occurring in the A.-Saxon version of St. Mark (iii. and + O.E. hl(kw, a hill, tumulus] 18) as Taddeus. Thaddeus is much used TEVERSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Teversall (Notts), among the Poles; and the Polish hero of 15th cent. Tyvershalt, 13th cent. Teversalt, Balfe's famous opera 'The Bohemian Domesday Tevreshalt [the second element Girl' is not letting the name readily be

represents O.E. holt, a wood : the first forgotten in this country. Thaddeus is elem., evid. a pers. name in the genitive, also used in Ireland for the native Tadhg is prob. a corrupt form of A.-Sax. Theod- (v. MacTague), as shown, e.g., in Con- frith] cannon's ' Mion-Chomhr^dh', p. 129.

TEVERSHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Teversham [" The most prob. etym. of ' Thaddaeus' (Camb.), 13th cent Teveresham, Domesday seems to be that proposed by Dalman, Teversham [for the first element see under who sees in it the Heb. abbrev. of a Gr.

Teversall ; and+O.E. hdm, home, estate] name beginning with Theo- (' God '), as in Theudas."—Hastings, Diet, Christ and TEW (Celt.) Fat, Plump [Wei. tew\ Gasp., ii. (igo8) 726] John le Tieu. Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1359-60. TUAtNpl(E°g- and Scand.) Thane [M.E. '**^''' ^*'=-' °-^' ^ eg{e)n=OM. ^egH\ (Eng.) Bel. to Tew (Oxon), 13th cent. THANE J Tiwe, Domesday Tewa, Tewe, Teowe [the Eadulf cynges Tpegn on SflS Seaxum.— A.-Sax. pers. name TeSw^f, Tiiv(e, with a A.-Sax. Chrott., A.D. 897. local sufi. lost: the A.-Sax. Tlw, Mars, The worthy Thane of Rosse . . also denoted the Runic T] . . . that most disloyall traytor, Cp. Tewln. The Thane of Cawdor.

Macbeth, I. ii. TEWER (Eng.) Skin-Dresser [M.E. fewer; f. le M.E. tewan, tawen, to dress sicins; O.E, John Theyn.—ffMHrf. RolU. tdwian, to prepare] Cp. Thayne. A tewer of skynnes. THAME, V. Tame. Cathol. Anglic, A.D. 1483.

TEWIN (Eng.) Bel. to TeWin (Herts), the THAMES (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Thames, the A.-Sax. Domesday Tewinge, loth cent. Tiwingas Temes, Tmmes, Tamis, Temis, etc. (" be-saSan (dat. pi. Tiwingum) = (the Estate of the) Temese" in K. iElfred's Introd. to Gregory's Tiw(e Family [v. under Tew', and + 'Cura Past.'), the Lat. Tamesa and Tamesis first the pi., -ingas, ot the fil. suff. -ing'\ [The element is the O.Celt, tdin- (seen in Ir. and Gael. (Eng.) Bel. to TEWK(E)SBURY Tewkesbury tamh, Early Jr. tdm = Mod. Wei. taw), (Glouc), 13th cent. Teuksbury, Domesday still, placid, sluggish : the second elem. is Teodechesterie = T(h)eodec's Strong- a relic of an O.Celt, word for water seen [the pers. name is f. hold A.-Sax. \e6d, in O.Ir. u(i)sce, Mod. Ir. and Gael, uisge = people, with the suff. nation, dim. -ec:— Mod.Wei, wysg, water, a stream; cp, -f itarh, a fortified place] Eadalej — — + — '

215 Thanet Thew

". . . flumen dividit quod appellatur THELEN (Ger.) : v. the Appendix of Foreign Tamesis."—De Bella Gall., V. xi. Names. Tak two stronge men, THELWALL (Eng.) Bel. toThelwall (Chesh.), And in Themese cast hem. \ THELWELL j 13th cent. rA^fea»e/= the Plank- Piers Plowman, 7743-4. Well [O.E. Yel, a plank -^a)(i>Ha, a well]

Fair Isis . . . (the Mother of great 'Wall' is a Chesh. form of 'well.' Tames).— Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xiv. 281. THEOBALD (Teut.) People-Bold [O.Teut. Cp. Tame ; and see the quot. under Theod{p)bald, Thiodbald, Theotbald, etc.: Surrey. V. under Theed, and + O.E. Me)ald = O.Sax. (and O.H.Ger.) hald = O.N. ball-r (Celt.) Bel. to Thanet (Kent), the THANET (for earlier 6a/8-r) = Goth. balS-s, bold] A.-Sax. Tenet, Tenaet, Tcenet, Tanet, etc., brother of .ffithelfrith, Lat. Tanat-us [prob. O.Ir. td(t)ndit, a A Theodbald was watery place] king of Northumbria, ob. A.D. 617. Theobald was the usual ?3th-cent. form. THARM \ app. contr. of Strongitharm, q.v. THARME J (Hardly for O.E. }^{f)arm, an The Fr.-Teut. forms are : Thibault,

entrail 1) Th^aut, Thiebault, Thi^aut, ThUbaud, THARP = Thopp, q.v. Thibaud, Thibault, Thibaut, etc.

THATCHER, th6 palatal form of Thacker, Cp. Tibbald. q.v. THEOBALDS, Theobald's (Son). When thatchers thinke, their virages worth their worke. THEODORE (A,-Fr.-Lat-.Gr.) Divine Gift G. Gascoigne, Steele Glas (A.D. 1376). [Lat. Theodorus, Gr. ee63upos -Oeds, God

-f- a der. of Supeiv, to give] THAXTER, V. Thackster. THEODORIC (Teut.) People or Mighty (A.-Fr.-Teut.)represents an O.Frank, THAYER Ruler [O.Teut. Theod(o)ric, Thiodric, cognate, 'Ihiadher (A.D. ,799), of A.-Sax. Thiudrik, etc. : v. under Theed, and 4- A.Kyci\thiad- = O.E. rAeorfAere= National O.Teut. rlk; as in O.E. rlca = Goth. Goth. = l>e

TheSdrlc we61d Froncum ' THAYNE, V. Thane, Thain. {Theodric ruled the Franks). "Or gyff [if] the Thaxne off Fyff in Widsm {The Traveller), 1. 49. ." were [war] . . —Wyntoun, Cr&nykil, vi. 2269. THESAURER\(A.-Lat.-Gr.) Treasurer [f. (with agent, suff. Lat. THEAKER, a var. oi Thaoker, q.v. THESORER J E. -er) thesaur-us, Gr. er/xa-vp-ii a treasury] (Eng.) Bel. to Theakston or THEAKSTON(E \ "... the superplus to be deliverit to Theakstone (Yorks) [Early THECKSTON(E J Alexander Park, or the uther thesaurertox forms are lacking except that, ace. to the tyme."— Turner ('Yorks Domesday-Bk.', p. 59), Burgh Reeds, Edinb., A.D. 1560. "Theakstpn"corresponds topographically

; and the form in to the Domesday Eston THETFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Thetford (Norf.), The second element is 1619 is Thekeston. the A.-Sax. Theodford ('set Theodfordd — therefore rather O.E.

Theod- names ; rarely directly from an A.-Sax. Theoda [O.E. ^edd^O.S&Tn. thiod= THEW (EngO Servant, Bondsman, Slave [M.E. O.E. O.N. |>:dtJ=Goth. J)i«da= O.H.Ger. diot(a, theow, ferfw, T^e&tva} thiat(a, nation, people] "... and yi ^edwan drincaS medo"

William Thede.—^««rf. Rolls, ( , . . and the thews drink mead).— Cpl Tee«l(e and Tedd. OhUKrecmdWWstan(^.mix^)' —— ; —

2l6 Thewless Thome

1 (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. toThirn(e; THEWLESS \ (Eng.) Immoral, Virtueless THIRN Dweller at the TnoRN-Tree THEWLIS J lO.E. yedwleds] THIRNEJor [O.E. = O.N. \ymi\ Thomas Thewelesse. _ \yme Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. THIRSK (Scand.) Bel. to Thirsk (Yorks), THEXTON for Theckston, q.v. 14th cent. Thresk, 13th cent. Tresis, Domesday Tresch, Tresche (ck as k) = the THICK (Eng.) i Thick-Set, Stout [M.E. Marsh or Fen [Scand. trdsk] thikke, thicke, O.E. )>«c«] a corrupt forni' of Thipsk, q.v. William le Thikke. THIRST, Soms. Subs. Soil, A.D. 1327. THIRSTON, V. Thurston. 2 Dweller at a Thicket [M.E. thicke, a corrupt form of Thurkettle, thicket: ,cp. O.E. Yiccet and Dial. Dan. THIRTICLE, a tykke, a thicket] q.v. From his tall steed, he rusht into the THIRTLE for Thurkell, Thurkettle, q.v. thick.—The Faerie Queene, II. i. xxxix. The Yorks place-name Thirtleby was THICKBROOM (Eng.) Dweller by or among Torchilebi (ch as k) in Domesday-Book. the Thick Broom [O.E. yicce + brdm, the broom-plant] THISELTON, v. Thistleton.

THICKLE (Eng.) Fat [O.E. ^iccol] THISTLETHWAITE (Scand.) Dweller at the

Thistle-Clearing [O.N. distill -f- ^ueii\ THICKNESS \ (Eng.) Dweller at a Thicket THICKNESSEJ [O.E. ^icnes, thickness, THISTLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Thistleton

thicket] (Rutl. : 13th cent. Thistelton, Domesday

Tisterton, for Tistelton Lane. : 13th cent. THICKPENNY (Eng^) a nickname from a ; Thistelton) the Thistle- trade-sign [O.E. ^icce +penig, a penny] Thistilton, = Enclosure [O.E. JjMte/ (=0.N.})irf«7/) -f- THIMBLEBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thimbleby tAti\ (Line: 13th cent. Thumbleby; Yorks: THISTLEWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the Domesday 7'«OTJW6i)=THeMBEL's Estate Thistle-Wood [O.E. J>wte/ -(- vmdu\ [the pers. name is a nickname f. O.N. Yomb, paunch (we find l>ambar-skeifir, THOM, a dim. of Thomas, q.v. pauncn-shaker, as a nickname): hO.N. Robert fil. Thome.—Hund. Rolls. 6ji-r, farmstead,' estate, etc.] (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.-Heb.) Twin [Lat. THINGWALLI (Scand.) Bel. to Thingwall THOMAS Heb. Tomi\ Thomas, Gr. Thomas {Qaims) ', THINGWELL; (Lane. : 12th cent. Tingwella

Chesh. : Domesday Tinguelle) = the Witodllce Thomas, 4n of J>am twelfum, Parliament-Field (ofthe Scandinavians) l>e is gecweden Z)idimus [Gr. SlSv/ios,

[O.N. ^ing, pariiament + uoll-r, dat. uelli, twin] . . . field] St. John, XX. 24. (A.-Sax. version). V. THIRGOOD, Thupgood. Walter Thomas.—ff««

THIRLWALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Thirlwall THOMASIN = Thomas (q.v.) -f- the Fr. dim. THIRLWELL / (Northumb.),i3thcent.rAMr/e- suff. -in. iua//=the Pierced or Broken Wall THOMASON, Thomas's Son: v. Thomas. [O.E. I)jir/,aperture, hole, gap, (adj.) pierced w{e)all] -I- THOMASSET=Thoma8 (q.v.) = the Fr. dim. Thirlwall is situated "under the great suff. -et. Roman Wall." The name was Latinized Murus Perforatus. THOMASSIN = Thomas (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -in. THIRLWAY [(Eng.) Dweller at the Gap- i THIRLAWAY f Way [v. under Thirlwall, and THOMASSON ^ Thomas's Son : v. Thomas. -1- 0.'&.weg\ 2 = Thomas (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. As this is a Northeastern surname, the suff. -on. relation is app. to an opening in the Roman Wall between Tyne and Solway. THOME, like Thonrii a dim. of Thomas, q.v, — — —

217 Thomerson Thornby

THOMERSON for Thomasson, q.v. THORGANBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thorganby (Yorks, Lines) = Thorgunn's Farm- THOMES, THOME's'(Son). \ v. Thome, stead [the O.N. (fem.) pers. name (Mod.

THOMESON, Thome's Son ) Thomas. Norw. Torgutm) is a compound of Thdr-r Petrus Thome-son. (v. Thop) and gunn-r (= O.E. gu^), war, battle] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. The Yorks place is stated to be repre- THOMLIN = Thorn (Thomas), q.v., + the sented in Domesday-Bk. byTiw'^iW ; but Fr. double dim. suft. -g)Z-j«. O.N. Thorgisl [gisl, hostage], Mod. Norw. Torgils, and Thorgunn have only the first THOMLINSON, Thomlin's Son. element in common.

THOMM, a dim. of Thomas, q.v. THORLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Thorley (Herts: 15th cent. Thorley, 13th cent. Torleye, 1 v. THOMMS, Thomm's (Son) Thomm, Domesday Torlei ; Hants, etc.) = Thor's THOMMSON, Thomm's Son. J Thomas. Lea [v. under Thop, and + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley(e, etc.] THOMPSON for Thomson, q.v. THORMAN, a weak form of Thopmond, Thopmund, q.v. THOMS,Thom's (Son) 1 „ ^.„ Thom== THOMSON.Thom's Son)''-^*'*""'^''""'^- THORMOD 1 (Scand.) Thor-Mood [O.N. THORMOOD ; Thormo'S-r(=A.-Sax.Thurmod): THOR \ (Scand.) f. the O.N. Tkori-r (Mod. V. Thop, and wrath, THOREJ Norw. Tore), a der. of Th6r-r, the + O.N. moV-r, God of Thunder [Q.N. Th6r-r = A.-Sax. courage (mood)] Thtir (occ, Thdr), Thunor — \unor, There has been confusion with Thop"- thunder] mond. " TMrr er isanna framastr" THORMONDl (Scand.) Thor's Protection {Thor is of the gods the foremost). THORMUND/[O.N. Thormund ( = A.-Sax. " Hamo Thor is mentioned in a charter Thurmuttd) : v. Thop, and + O.N. mund, of 1 122 as holding half a bouv^e of land hand, protection] in Alderney ". de Gruchy, The Settlement of Norm. THORN l(Eng.) i Dweller by a Thorn- (Jersey Soc, 191 1), p. 46. THORNE / Tree [O.E. for«] Roger atte Thorn. Orm fil. Thore.—Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1179. Close Rolls, A.D. 1424-5. THORALBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thoralby (Yorks), 2 Dweller at the Sign of the Thorn. the Domesday Turalsbi = Thorald's And Oliver the dyer at the Thome.— Farmstead [v. Thorald, and + O.N. Pasqnin, A.D. W-r] Night-Cap, 1612; Lower.

THORALD (Scand.) Thor - Ruler [O.N. TH§RNALl:Y''}f°'^ThoPneIey.q.v. Thoruald-r: v. Thop, and + O.N. uald-r, ruler; uald, power, might] THORN BER (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn- The Mod. Norwegian form is Torald. Grove [O.E. \>om -\- beam, a grove] THORNBER(R)Y THORBURN (Scand.) Thor - Bear [O.N. THORNBOROUGH (Eng.) I Dweller at the Thorbiorn: v. Thop, and + O.N. hiorn, THORNBORROW Thorn-Hili, [O.E. ^orn bjom, a bear] THORNBROUGH + beorh, a hill] The O.Norse Thorbiorn was Anglicized 2 conf. with Thopnbup^, Thurbe(o)rn [O.E. be(p)m, warrior]. g.y, Torbern and Turbern are the Domesday THORNBURY (Eng.) Bel. to T-hornbury forms. Thorebern, Thorbarn, and Thurbem (G1ouc.:a.d.896 Thornburh, 't6 Thombyrig,' occur as surnames in the Hundred- dat.; Heref. : 'aet Thornbyrig', dat.— Rolls, A.D. 1274. 'Wulfgeates Cwide' [Will] ; Devon, etc.) = the Thorn-Stronghold [O.E. )>«-« THORESBY 1 (Scand.) BeL to Thoresby + burh, a fortified place] THORSBY ; (Yorks: Domesday Toresbi; The Herefordsh. parish includes "Wall Notts: 14th cent. Thuresby, Domesday Lines Hill treble-ditched camp." Turesbi ; : 13th cent. Thoresby \ etc.) = Thor's Farmstead [v. Thor, and THORNBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thornby; or Q.U.b$-r\ Dweller at the THORN-Tree Farmstead Cp. Thuraby. i;O.N. J-fffw -h b$-r\ — :

218 Thorncroft Thrale

THORNCROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn- THORNTON (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Thorn- - Croft [O.E. ^orn + croft, a small field] ton ; or Dweller at the Thorn Tree Enclosure or Farmstead [O.E. O.N. 1 (Eng.) at the Thorn- THORNDIKE Dweller Yorn + O.E. O.N. tun] THORN dyke; Dike [O.E. ^em + die] Thornton, Dorset, occurs in a charter THORNELEY\ A.to. as ' (Eng.) Bel. to Thornley; or 958 xt^omtAne' — dat. The THORNELY various York. Thorntons appear in Dvveller at the Thorn-Lea THORNLAY Domesday-Bk. as Torentun, Torentune, THORNLEY [O.E. l>or» + leak (M.E. ley, Tornetun, Torneton, ; Lane. lay]' Tomitun THORNLY Domesday entries being Torenton, Toren-

But the I3th-cent. forms of the Lane. tun ; Chesh., Torintone. Thornley, Thontedelegh and Thornedeley, Forms in the Hundred-Rolls (a.d. 1274) show that the meaning here is Thorn- are Thorneton, Thorntone. Head Lea [O.E. hedfod, head, high

I ground, upper part] THOROGOOD (Eng.) a nickname = THORNELOE (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorn- THOROUGHGOOD Very Good [O.E. ^rh, Hill [O.E. ^om + hl(kw\ THOROUGOOD th(o)rough; in compds., THOROWGOOD very -)- gid, good : cp. THORNES, pi., and genit., of Thorn(e, q.v. O.E. Yurh-Mlig, very holy] (A.-Scand.) for Thurgood', Thupgate. THORNEWILL \ (Eng.) Dweller at the THORNWILL TnoRN-Tree Spring [O.E. J THOROLD for Thorald, q.v. ^om + w(J.)elld\ THORNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Thorney; or THOROTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thorotpn (Notts), Dweller at i the Thorn-Island [O.E. 13th cent. Thurverton, Thorverton, Domes-

/ day Torvertune Thorferth's )fortt + i(e)g\ = Estate [the pers. name is a compound of Thor 2 the Thorn-Enclosure [O.E. fom -l- haga\ (V. Thop) and O.E./er(A)tS, mind, spirit O.E. tAn, farm, estate] Thorney, Camb., was the A.-Sax. \iont(g. + Thorney (Island), Sussex, and Thorney THORP 1 (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to Thorp, (Island), Westminster, were bothTomeia THORPE Thorpe = the Farmstead, Ham- in Latin deeds of the A.-Sax. period. J let, Village [O.E. and O.N. ^orp] Thorney, Notts, was Thornhawe and Thomehawe in the 13th cent. yfa.nB.dsThorpe.—Hund. Rolls. The cok, that orloge [clock] is oithorpes THORN EYGROFT (Eng.) Dweller at the lyte [little].— THORNIORAFT Thorny Croft [O.E. Chaucer, Parlement of Foules, 350. THORNICROFT ^omig 4- croft, a small THORNYCROFT field] THORRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thorrington There are a Thorneycroft in Yorks and (Essex), 13th cent. Thorington, A.-Sax. a Thornycroft (14th cent. Thomicroft) in *Thoringa-tUn =the Estate of the Thor

Chesh. Family [v. underThop, and -I- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, fawn, estate, THORNHILL] (Eng.) BeL to Thornhill; or etc.] THORNILL t Dweller at the THORN-Tree THORSBY, v. Thoresby. THORN ELL J Hill [O.E. \orn + hyll] Thornhill, Yorks, the Domesday Tomil, THRALE (A. -Scand.) Thrall, Servant, was Thornyll and Thornhyll in the 14th Slave [M.E thral(e, O.N.E. J>rcB/=O.N. cent, ^All] And sw4 hw4 swS welle in iow e^rist THORN I LEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Thorny • oSSe foertSmest wosa biS Lea [O.E. Tfomig + leak (M.E. ley] Jie alra ]fr(kl otfSe . TH0RNL(E)Y, v. Thor'nel(e)y. St. Mark X. 44; O. Northumb. vers. (Rushworth Gospel). THORNS, pi., and genit., of Thorn, q.v. In Wycliffe's version of the above verse TH0RN(E)THWAITE (Scand.) Bel. to Thorn- the Lat. servus and Gr. SoCXos have been rendered thwaite ; or Dweller at the Thorn- servaunt. Clearing [O.N. ]>ueit] )fom + My servant, which that is my thral One of the Cumbd. places was Thorn- by right.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, C 183. ^wayi in the 13th cent. Cp. Thew. —

219 Thrave Thurgood

THRAVE (A.-Scand.) One of a Company Hadden hir [their] beestes and hir (prop, of Threshers: Halliwell) [O.N. J>re/t herbergp.ge [abode];— = O.E ge)]'rrced, thread -|- the [f. textile-manuf.) ; Potter ; Turner agent, suff. -ere] O.E. ^rdwan, to twist, turn, throw] THRELFALL (Scand.) Bel. to Threlfall (N. The turner's lathe and the potter's Lanes), 13th cent. Threlefel, Threlefal = wheel are still called a ' throw'. the Thralls' Fell [O.N. ^rMl (genit. Hardly O.E. ^owere, ' martyr'. pi. ^Alla), a thrall, serf +fiall,fell, a hill (also dial., a moorj THRUPP for Thropp, Thorp, q.v.

THRELKELD (Scand.) Bel. to Threlkeld ^"^ Throasell.Throstle, q.v. (Cumb.), I3th-i4th cent. Threlkeld = the THRuItlE^ } Thrall's or Thralls' Spring [v. under Sire Thopas fil in love-longynge, Threlfall, and -|- O.N. kelda, a spring] Al whan he herde the thrustel synge. Chaucer, Cant- Tales, B 1962-3. THRIMBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thrimby (Westmd.), 13th cent. Thirneby, Thumeby THURBURNi v. Thorburn. = the THORN-Tree Farm [O.N. ]?ymi{-tr^, THURGALAND 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Thurgoland + bf-r, farm, etc.] THURGOLAND / (Yorks), the DomesdayTar- THRING (Eng.) Bel. to Tring (Herts), 13th gesland = Thurgisl's Land [v. under cent. Thring, Domesday Treunge [the Thurgis(8, and + O.E. land] name app. represents the genit. pi., THURGALLforThurkell, q.v. Thyringa-, or the dat. pi. Thyringum, of the A.-Sax. family-nameT'Aj'WH^a.s (-iHgas, THURGAR 1 (Eng.) Thur-Spear [A.-Sax. pi. of the ' son' sun. -ing), seen in 'WfdsiS,' THURGUR J Thurgar (=0.1i.Thorgeirr):ThAr 1. : = ruled] Thyringuni\ 62 W6d [we61d .= ThSr (v. Thor) 4- gdr,a. spear] THRIPP, a metath. var. of Thorp, q.v. [O.E. THURGARTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thufgarton iox\orp] Jfrep (Notts : 13th cent. Thurgarton, Domesday Turgarstune; Norf.)=THURGAR's Estate THR1ST (Eng.) Bold, Brave [O.E. J>r/rf] [v. Thurgar, and-j-O.E. tun, farm, estate] Bel. to Throck- THROCKMORTON (Eng.) THURGATE (A.-Scand.) an Anglicized form morton (Wore), 13th cent. Trokemartuite, of the O.N. Thorgaut-r [v. under Thor, Trokemertutt, c. i2ooTrochemerton [the first and + Gaut-r, the ethnic name] two elements prob. represent an A.-Sax. A Thurgot was an early-i2th-cent. pers. name Thracmier {DragmtEr is recor- bishop of St. Andrews. ded), f. Yracu, force, energy, violence, and mdre, famous (for the vowel-change cp. THURGIS(S (Eng. and Scand.) for the A.-Sax. ' ' ' :-^ mon for man ') + <«», farm, Thurgisl, 0.li.Thorgisl=TaoR's Hostage estate, etc.] [v. under Thor, and -f- O.E. O.N. glsl, a Throgmorton Street, London, owes its hostage] name indirectly to the Wore, place. The mod. Norweg. form of the name is the metathetic TorgilSi THR00P1 THROPP t metath. forms of Thorp, q.v. THURGOOD (A.-Scarid.) like Thurgate for THROUPj the O.N. Thorgaut-r. Adam de la Throppe,—H««rf. Rolls. (Eng.) for Thoro(ugh)good, q.v. There stood a throop, of site delitable, The Domesday forms were Turgod and In which that poure folk of that village Turgoti Hundred-Rolls, Thurgod, — : — — — .

220 Thurkell Thwaits

THURKELL 1 Thurkell and Thurkill were THURSBY (Scand.) Bel. to Thursby (Cumb.), = THURKILL } A.-Sax. forms of the O.N. 13th cent. Thoresby, 12th cent. Toresbi T H U R KLE Thorkell, a contr. of Thorketill Thor's Farm or Estate [v. Thor, and O.N. Jji-r, farmstead, etc.] V. Thurkettle. -t- Cp. Thopsby, Thoresby. THURKETTLE.themod. form ofthe A.-Scand. THURSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Thursfield Thurcytel, O.N. Thorketill=THOK's (Sacri- = ficial) Cauldron [v. under Thop, and + (Staffs), the Domesday Turvoldesfeld O.N. ketill\ Thurwald's Field or Plain [the pers. name (in the genit.) is a compound of Thus the incident of a jarl named Thur (v. Thor) and O.E. w(e)ald, might, Thorketill asking King Eadweard (K. power : 1- O.E. feld, a field, plain] Alfred's son) to be his lord is narrated in the A.-Saxon Chronicle under the (Eng. and Scand.) the A.-Sax. year 918 in the words: "Thurcytel eorl Thurstan, O.N. Thorstein{n = Thur's or hine ge-sohte him t6 hl^forde." Thor's Stone [v. under Thor, and -f- O.E. stdn = O.N. steinn] THURLBY(Scand.) Bel. to Thurlby (Lines: Wi[g]stan Thurstanes sunu. 13th cent. Thurleby), Thoralby (Yorks: The Battle of Maldon (A.D. 297-8. Domesday Turalzbi) = Thor(u)ald's 993), Farmstead [v. Thorald, and + O.N. Thurstan-us Dispencer. bf-r, farm, estate] Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1228-9. Thurstan de Torp. THURLEIGH (Eng.) Bel. to Thurleigh (Beds: \ Hand. Rolls, A.D. 1274. THURLEY ; Domesday La £s^a), Thurley (Kent: A.D. 1316-17 ThurUy) = Thur's The second element in this pers. name prob. denoted primitively a stone Lea [v. under Thor, and -|- O.E. ledK\ monu- ment or image worshipped in the name of Thor. THURLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Thurlow (Suff. : I3th-i4th cent. Thrillow(e, for Threlowe ; THURSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Thurston (Suff.) ' the metathesis cp. ' throp ' for thorp ') = and Thur(s)ton (Norf.), 13th cent. Thurs- or Thur's Hill Tumulus [v. under ton = Thur's Estate [v. under Thor, Thor, and O.E. hlAw] + and -I- O.E. tun, farm, manor, etc.]

THURMAN for Thurmond, q.v. William de Thurston (Norf.).— Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274.

THURWIOD 1 (Eng. and Scand.)THOR. Mood Ric'us de Thurston (Norf.).— THURMOOD;[A.-Sax. Thurmod=0.^. Thor- Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1303-4. mo'S-r: v. under Then, and -|- O.E. mdd = Confused with Thurstan, q.v. O.N. mdS-r, wrath, courage (mdod] Alan Thurmod. Hund. Rolls. THURTELLl dentalized forms of Thurkell, THURTLE /Thurkle, q.v. There has been confusion with Thur- mond. THURWARD(Eng. and ScandJ Thor-Guar- TiiAH[A.-S«ii.Thurweard=OJH.Thonidt^-r^ THURMOND! (Eng. and Scand.) Thor's In an iith-cent. THURMUND J PROTECTION [A. - Sax. Thur- will (' Dipl. Angl.', p. wefindtheformrAarwerrf. mund = O.N. Thormund : v. under Thop, S91) Thoreward and + O.E. O.N. mutid, hand, protection] is the form in the I3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls. Toruard is the mod. Norw. name Walter Thurmond.—£r««rf. Rolls. THURWOOD for Thurward. THURNAM "[(Eng.) Bel. to Thurnhara

THURNHAMI /Jl/(Lane's), 13th cent. Thimum, THWAITE (ScandO Bel. to Thwaite = the Thymum, Domesday Tiernum = At the Clearing [O.N. i>ueit, a clearing; prt. sing. Thorns [O.E. ^yrnum, dat. pi. oi}fyme, a of *\>uita (= O.E. Ywitan), to cut] thorn-tree] Thwaite, Norf., was Tkweit a.d. 1292. The -h- in this name does riot seem to occur until nearly the end of the i6th cent. THWAITES1„, A : c^. •' genu., of THWAITS / P °" Thwaite.

THURNSCOE (Scand). Bel. to- Thurnscoe Thomas de Thwaytes.—Ca/. Inq. P.M- Yorks) or ; Dweller at the Thorn-Wood Thwaites is the name of a Cumberland O.N. \ymi-r, a thorn-tree4-sft<^-r, i a wood] chapelry, — : '

9ftl Thwellin Tickenhurst

THWELLIN for Uewellyn, q.v. THE Tidbriht or Tidberht Family [for Evan ap Thewelin.— the pers. name see under Tibbert Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1335. + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing+tun, farm, estate] THYNNE (Eng.) Thin [M.E. thitine, thyntie, 2 Tibberton (Glouc), form. Tyberton, O.E. J^ynrie] the Domesday Tebriston, where -s- (as in Thomas Tbynae.—Hmd. Rolls. other cases) no doubt represents the strong aspirate in the A.-Sax pers. name TIBB, like Tebb, a pet form of Theobald, q.v. Tidbriht or Tidberht [v, under Tibbert ', We find Tibha and Tiba as early as the and + O.E. tUn, farm, etc.] 8th cent. There is also a Tibberton in Salop, as Gradually Tib came to be used as a pet well as a Tiberton in Herefordshire, form of Isabella, and even as a term for a common woman, as we see from the TIBB(E)S, TiBB(E)'s (Son) : v. Tibb. following : Perkyn the potter into the press past, TIBBIN = Tibb (q.v.) -)- the dim. suff. -in, And sayd, Randol, the refe, a doghter thou hast, TIBBLE, a weak form of Theobald, q.v. Tyb the derei— TIBBLES, TiBBLE's (Son). ' The Turnament of Tottenham ' Percy's Reliques, TIBBY = Tibb (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y.

. . . every Coystril that comes inqui- ring for his Tib.—Pericles, IV. vi. iSi, TIBBYSON, Tibby's Son.

In Udall's ' Roister Doister' (e. 1550), TIBKIN = Tib (v. Tibb) +the E. pet suff. -kin. Tib or Tyb and the dim. Tibet are used indifferently for the same female TICE (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Tisa, app.

character. . a var. of Tesa, Tasa [f. O.E. ge)ti,se, pleasant (for the change from -s- to -c- TIBBALD, a form of Theobald, q.v. 1 cp. ' twice TIBBALDS '] Tibbald's (Son). TlCEHURST(Eng.) Bel. to Ticehurst (Suss:), I TIBBALS 14th - istn cent. Tichehurst, Ticheshurst, TIBBAT(T 1 = Tibb (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. Tichesherst, Tychehurst [for the first ele- TIBBET(T suff. -at, -et, -ot. ment V. under Tiohborne, and + O.E. TIBBIT(T 2 weak forms (cp. the Fr.Thibaut, hyrst, a wood] TIBBOT(T Thiebaut — -«- for -1-) of Theo- TICHBORNE (Eng.) Bel. to Ti(t)chborne TIBBUT(Tj bald, q.v. (Hants), 13th cent. Tycheburn, Tichebom, Cp. Tebbat(t, etc, A.-Sax. Ticcebume = the Goat-Brook [the O.E. dim. ticc-en, a kid, postulates a TIBBAT(T)S ticc(a, m. (cp. ticces ham, A.D. goo, 'Cart. TIBBET(T)S Tibbat(t)'s, etc., (Son) : v.Tib- Sax.' no. 596), ticce, L, a goat :— + O.E. TIBBIT(T)S bume, a brook] TIBB0T(T)S bat(t, etc. tibbut(t)s; TICH FIELD (Eng.) Bel. toTi(t)chfieId (Hants), c. A.D. gioTiccenesfeld ('Cart. Sax.' no. 629) TIBBELL, a weak form of Theobald, q.v. = the Kid's Field [y. under Tiohborne, and + O.E. feld, a field, plain] TIBBELLS, TiBBELL's (Son). Abbas de Tichefeld.— TIBBENHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tib(b)enham Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1335. (Norf.), 13th cent. Tibenham, A.-Sax. *Tibanhdm = Tiba's Home or Estate TICKELL 1 (Eng.) Bel. tp Tickhill (Yorks), /14th cent. Tikhill, 13th cent. \Tiban-, genit. of Tibah'. under Tibb) + TICKLE the O.E. ham, home, etc.] Tykehull = Goat-Hill [O.E. ticc, a goat (v. under Tiohborne) -i- O.E. hyll descendant of i the the A.-Sax. TIBBERT, a (M.E. hull, etc.] Tidberht [O.E. tid, season, festival, time This is more likely than a connexion + be{o)rht, bright, glorious] with Scand. tik, a bitch. 2 the A.-Sax. Theodberht [O.E. ]>e

TIBBERTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Tibberton TICKENHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Tickenhurst (Wore.) the Domesday Tidbertun, loth (Kent) = the Kid-Grove [O.E, ticcen, a cent. Tidbrihtingla]tuti = the Estate of kid + hyrst, a grove, wood] — — — — —

282 Ticknall Tildeti

Honest TICKNALL (EnfT.) Bel. to Ticknall (Derby), TIDY 1 (Eng.) t Readv, Prompt ; j f. M.E. tid{e, — the Kid-Corner I Neat [M.E. tidy, Hdi; c. A.D. 1000 Ticenheal TIDEY = [O.E. ticcen, a kid + healQi, a corner] O.E. tid, time, season (cp. Scand. tidig Dut. tijdig, early, timely] TlCKNER\(Eng.) Bel. to Ticknor (Kent), And travailleth and tilieth TICKNOR/A.D. Tycanora ('Cart. Sax.' %^z For a tretour also soore no. 442) = Tyca's Bank or Shore [the As for a trewe tidy man. pers. name Tyca, genit. Tycan-, is prob. a Piers Plowman, 13837-9. var. of O.E. ticc(d, a goat (v. under Tich- Tidi, Tida (v. borne) : h O.E. 6ra, a bank, shore] (rarely) 2 for the A.-Sax. under TIdd), with the E. dim; suft. -e)y. The surname Tycknor occurs in a Lon- marriage-license a.d. don 1575. TIDYMAN, V. under Tidy, and -1- E. man. (Dutch) Designer, Draughtsman contr. of MacTler, q.v. (Dut. teekenaarl TIER, a Ticknor is a famous American name. TIERNAN (Celt.) Lord.Master [IT-Tigheant' an — tigheam(a (gh mutel ( = Wei. TIDBALL (Eng.) i for the common A.-Sax. teym, a king), O.Ir. tigeme, a lord -f- the Tidb(e)ald [O.E. tid, festival, season, time dim. suff. -dn\ - -1- bie)ald, bold] The stem of this nameis, of course, the 2 for the A,-Sax, Theodb{e)ald : v. Theo- second element in the famous '.' bald.

Tl DD(Eng.) I the A.-Sax. Tidda,iBOTe commonly TIERNAYI (Celt.)LoRD,MASTER[Ir.rig'ft«flr»- a Tida [f. O.E. tid, festival, season, time] TIERNEY / ach — tigheamifl (^A mute), lord -1- the pers. suff. -acA] 2 Bel. to Tydd St. Giles (Camb., 13th

' " cent. Tid, Tyd), Tydd St. Mary {Line, Tierney ' is chiefly found in Dublin, 14th cent. Tydd) [prob. the A.-Sax. pers. Tipperary, andGalway—a very scattered name Tid{d)a with a lost local element] name." Matheson,5/>c/.i?/'<.S«m/rW.(i909),p.73.

TIDDEMAN "I (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tid(i)man [f.

TIDOIMAN J O.E. ft'rf, festival, season, time TIFFANY "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Gr.)DiviNE Showing Lat.. +man(n : cp. O.E. tid writere, an annalist] TIFFEN [[Fr. Tiphaine, Theophanie, Theophania, Gt. eto^d «o — Geiis, Tiddeman Boker. Rolls of Pari. TIFFIN } God -t- a der. of ipalvav, to show] TIDDER (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Tidhere [f. O.E. Cristina Typhayn. tidi festival, etc. -f here, army] Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. 2 for the A.-Sax. Theodhere [f. O.E. This name seems to have been given \e6d, nation, people + here, army] to a child(of eithersex)bornon Epiphany Day (6th Jan.). TIDESWELLl (Eng.) Bel. to Tideswell (Derby), 13th cent. Tideswell, TIDSWELL J TIGG, v. Tegg. Domesday Tidesuuelle = Tide's or Tidi's Well [the pers. name fwith masc. vowel- TIGHE, a contr. of MacTlghe, q.v. suff.) is f. O.E. tid, festival, season, etc.: (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tilbe(o)rht [O.E. + O.E. w{i)ella, a spring] TILBERT good, liberal he{o)rht, bright, illus- " til, + It is said that the town derived its trious] name from an ebbing well, which still TILBROOK (Eng.) Bel. to Tilbrook (Beds), exists, but has long ceased to ebb." {Nat. = GazX—The wonder is that a well which 13th cent. Tilhroc, Domesday Tilebroc " " Tila's [Tila, genit. Tilan-, f. O.E. " ebbed for so long " still exists I Brook til, good, liberal -f- broc, a brook] ' Tideswell ' was much discussed in Notes & Queries in the early months TILBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tilbury (Essex), 13th of 1904. cent. Tillebyr', Tilbery, etc., A.-Sax. Tila-

(Baeda, ' Hist. Eccl.' iii. 22) = Tila's TIDGWELL fJr TItohwell. q.v. burg Stronghold [y. under Tilbrook, and -t- Tl OMAN, v. under Tiddeman. O.E. burg, a fortified place]

TIDMARSH (Erig.) Bel. to Tidmarsh (Berks), TILDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Tilden (app. Kent), form. Tidmershe = Tid's Marsh [v. under 13th cent. Tildenne = Tila's Valley [v. Tidd, and -|- M.E. mersh{e, etc., O.E. under Tilbrook, and -(- O.E. denu, dat. mersc] dene, a valley] —

223 Tildesley Tillotson

(Eng.) Tillet.— TILDESLEY \ Bel. to Tyldesley Marquis du Pam Direct. , TILDSLEY J (Lanes), 13th cent. Tyldesley, The form of the place-name in the Tildesle [An unrecorded A.-Sax. pers. Meuse; Vosges, etc., Departments is name (in the genit.) seems to be involved (le)Thillot. here, prob. *TiloV, i. til, good, with the Cp. Tilly. dim. suff. -o«;— + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley, le, Cont.-Teut. cog- etc.), a lea, meadow] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) if. the nate of O.E. til, 'good' (v. under TilP)i TILESTON, V. Tilaton. with the Fr. dim. suff. -et.

TILEWRIGHT (Eng.) Tile-Maker ; Potter 2 f. a pet form of Matilda (v. under [O.E. tigelwyrhta] Malkin), with the Fr, dim. suff. -et. In the A.-Sax. Version of S. Matthew, xxvii. 7, tigelwyrhta is used to translate the =TMiy,q.v. Gr. Kepa/ieis, a potter, V^fe]

TILLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tilling = Till- TILFORD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tilford (Surrey) (v. Till') -1- the ' son' suff. -ing. TILLFORD J [Early forms seem tp be lack- ing, but the first element is probi the TILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. toTillington (Staffs: pers. name seen in Tilbrook and Tilbury: Domesday Tillintone Suss. ; Heref.), the ford over the Wey has long been ; A.-Sax. *Til(l)inga-ttin = the Estate of replaced by a bridge] THE Til(l)- Family [the pers. name is

f. O.E. til, good genit. pi. of the TILL (Eng.) a descendant of one of the A.-Sax. -f- -inga, fil. suff. -ing ttin, estate, etc.] Till- or Til- names, as Tilla, Tilli, Tila, + Tile, Till, Tilbe{oyht, .TilfriS, etc. [f. O.E. But the Sussex place was Tullingtun in til, good, liberal] a Latin charter a.d. 960, pointing to a Thomas fil. Tilla.— different origin.

, Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246. TILLI0L(L (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Lime- (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a pet form of Matilda : v. Tree [O.Fr. tiliol {Mod. Fr. tilleul), Lat. under Malkin. *tiliol-us, a dim. form of tilia, a lime-tree] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Til or Thil (France); Petr' TilWoW.—Charter-Rolls, tp. Ric. U. or Dweller at a Lime-Tree [Lat. tilia] This name seems almost entirely to The surname Du Thil in France has have merged into Tilly. been largely replaced by the later Du

Theil (Dutheit). TILLISON, TiLLiE's or Tilly's Son : v. Tilly >,". TILLARD 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the FrenchTillard, r\LLE/\RD j Tilhard, O.Frank. Tilhard -= TILLMAN 1 (Eng.) i Plougijman, Husband- Good (and) Brave [the O.Frank, cognate TILLMON J man [f. O.E. tilian, to till+»jaB(», of O.E. til, good, liberal + hard, hard, »20n(n] brave] 2 Good Man [A..Sax. Til{l)man, Til(t)- TILLCOCK= TilP,' (q.y.)-t-the pet suff. -cocit. mon — til, good, liberal] Tilmott was the name of one of the TILLER (Eng.) iHusbandman [f. O.E. tilia, I English priests who accompanied the ill- TILLIER land-cultivator, labourer; with later J fated Hewalds in their mission to the E. agent, suff. -er, or A.-Fr. -jer] Continental Saxons a.d. 690, as related by The stalke, the greyne, and floures alle. Beeda, ' Hist. Eccl.', v. 10. That to the tilieris f6rdone[destroyed]: Chaucer, Som. of the Rose, 4338-9. TILLOCK (Eng.) Good rA.-Sax. Tilluc — til, ^ood, Mberal -I- the dim. suff. -uc] 2 Good' Army rA.-Sax. Tilhere — til, good, liberal -t- here, army] TILLOT(T (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the same name as Tilhere was a famous 8th-eent. bishop Tillet(t (A.-Fr.-Teut.), q.v., but with the of Worcester. Fr. dim. suff. -ot instead of -et.

The Mbd. Fr. tilleur, a 'stripper', Tillot is not now a very common 'hemp-scutcher", has prob. had no sur- French surname. influence in this country. nominal (A.-Fr.-Lat.) for Tillet(t (A.-Fr.-Lat.), q.v. TILLET(T (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Lime- Tree Grove [Fr. Tillet, f. Lat. tiliet-um TILLOTSON, Tillot's Son. — tilia, a linden- or Ume-tree, with the JohaHnes Tillotson.— plantatioa-suff. -et-um] Yorks Poll-Tax, A,D. 1379. —

224 Tills Tinckler

TILLS, TiLL's (Son) : v. Till. TIMEWELL (Eng.) The first element is hardly the herb-name 'thyme', and it is TILLSON, TiLL's Son : v. Till, prob. for ' timber' [O.E. timber, timber, a In the Yorks PoU-Tax (a.d. 1379), this building], the whole name denoting surname is found in the forms Tilleson, a timber-roofed well. Tylleson, and Tyllson.

TIMIN = Tim(m), q.v.+the Fr. dim. suff'. -in. TILLY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Tilly (France) = Gilbert the Linden-Grove [Lat. tilietum — tilia, Timin.—^««rf. Rolls. a linden- or lime-tree + the plantation- Timin's (Son). suff. -et-uni] TIMINS, There are several places in France TIMLETT = Tim(m), q.v. -f the Fr. double called Tilly, two of them being in the dim. suf. -el-et. Dept. of Calvados. A de Tilly occurs in the List of " Com- TIMLIN = Tim(m), q.v. + the Fr. double pagnons de Guillaume k la ConquSte de dim. suff'. -el-in. i'Angleterre en MLXVI " graven over the main doorway (inside) of the old church TIIV!(N1, a dim. of Timothy, q.v. at Dives, Calvados. TIMMIE = Timm (q.v.)-)-the E. dim. suff. -/e. Philipa de Tylly alias Tilli.—Cn/. Geneal TIMMIN = (q.v.) -|- the Fr. dim. (Eng.) Good [f. the A.-Sax. name-stem Timm suff. -in. n/(/- {til, good), with the E. dim. suff. -y] TIMMINS, Timmin's (Son). A riV/i occurs in the LiberVitae Dunelm.

TIMIVIIS, Timmie's (Son) : v. Timmie. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a double dim. oi Matilda : V. under Malkin. TIMMON I = Timm (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. TILLYER = Tilliep, Tiller', q.v, suff. -on. (rarely) 2 for Timoii, Gr. {Acts, TILMAN: V.Tillman. Tlfuov vi. 5.) [f. Gr. Ti/ios, Ti/iii, honour, reward] TILNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Tilney (Norf.), 13th Timmon's (Son). cent. Tilney(e, A.-Sax. *Tilanig = Tila's TIMMONS, Island or Waterside [Tilan-, genit. of TIMMS, Timm's (Son) : v. Tim(m, Timothy. Tila, f. O.E. til, good + i{e)g, island, etc.] (A.-Gr.) Honoured of God [Gr. TILSLEY for Tildesley, q.v. TIMOTHY tt/iieeos (Lat. Tinietheus),f.nfidu, I honour,

TILSON I V. Tillson. revere -|- Beds, God : cp. the reverse for- mation Qe6-Ti.fi.os, honoured of God] occ. 2 for Tllston, q.v.

(Celt.) Harper, Minstrel [Ir. TILSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tilston (Chesh.), TIMPANY tiompdnach, f. E.Ir. tiompan, ' a small 17th cent. Tilston, i6th cent. TyUton, instrument' ; conn, with Lat. A.-Sax. *Tilestiin = Tile's Farm or stringed tympan-um, a. timbrel] Estate [the pers. name (in the genit.) is f.

O.E. til, good : 1- tun, estate, etc.] Tl M PERLEY (Eng.) Bel.toTimperley {Chesh.), John Tylston. 14th cent. Tymperlegh,Tymperley [The first Chstr. Freemen-Rolls, A.D. 1537-8. element is app. not for ' timber,' but for an A.-Sax. pers. name Timhere, whose Bel.toTilton TlLTON(Eng.) (Leic.), 13th cent. existence may be inferred from the Tym- Tylton, Domesday Tiletone = TiLA'S Farm erington occurring in an ' Inq. ad quod or Estate [A.-Sax. Tila, genit. Tilan-, f. Damn." for Yorks tp. Edw. II. :— -)- M.E. O.E. til, good Itin, estate, etc.] + ley, legh, O.E. ledh, a lea, meadow]

TIMBRELL (A.-Fr.-Ldt.-Gr.) a nickname f. TIMPSON (with intrus. p) for Timson, q.v. the Timbrel [a dim. f. M.E. O.Fr. timbre, a tambourine] TIMS, Tim's (Son) 1 v.Tim(m,„ -n^i.^ Timothy.Ti,v,«th« TIMBS (with intrus. b) for Tim(m)8, q.v. TIMSON, Tim's Son)

TIMCOCK = Tim(m, q.v. -K the pet suff. TINCKER (Eng.) Tinker [M.E. tinkere, f.

-cock. tinker, to tinkle ; of imit. orig.]

TIMES = Tims, q.v. TINCKLER = Tinkler, q.v. —— —— ————

225 Tindal Tirebuck

TINDAL 1 TIPKINS, TiPKTN's(Son). TIN DALE (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tindale, TIPLADY, app. a nickname for a libertine. TINDALL \ 13-I4th cent. Tyndale, i.e. the TINDELL (River) Tyne-Dale [O.E. daU / TIPLER (A.-Scand.) orig. Beer-Seller [cp. TINDILL a dale, valley] TINDLE Norw. tipla, to tipple, freq. of tippa, ' to J drip from a point or tip']

TINGAY"! (Scand.) Dweller at the Parlia- Tiple, v., to sell ale or beer. Tipler, TINGEYJ MENT-FiELD \0.^.\ing, assembly, the person who sold it.

parliament (Dan.-Norw. ting, court of Boston Records, i6th cent. ; T.Wright. justice) hagi, a field] + No inn keeper, ale - house keeper, victualler, or — TINGHILLI (Eng.) Dweller at the Meeting tipler ... Abshp. Grindal, Remains, p. 138. TINGLE for Court Hill [O.E. ^ing, a meeting, court of justice + hyll] TIPPER (Eng.) Header, Pointer, Mounter The interdental (Ih) sound has been (one who furnished articles with metal lost through Scand. influence (see under tips or mounts) [M.E. tipper{e, f. M.E. tip,

: we find a 'Ricardus Tynghill' suff. TIngay) a tip, with the agent, -er{e ; Teut.] in the Yorks Poll-Tax a.d. 1379, which Henry le Tipper. name had becomeTjin^^/ by the 5th cent. 1 Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. (Celt. + Eng.) Tingle may sporadically Richard le Tippere. be a gutturalized form of Tindal, q.v. Chesh. Chmbrlns'. Accts., A.D. 1303-4. TINING (Eng.) Dweller at an Enclosure !^!pp|^.._ unvoiced forms of Tibbet(t, q.v. (esp. a new enclosure) [Dial. E. titling, f. I tine, O.E. tynan, to fence, enclose] Tl PPET(T)S, unvoiced form of Tibbet(t)s,q.-v. Thomas atte Tynyng. Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. TIPPIN I for Tibbin, q.v. 2 for Tipping, q.v. TINKLER (Eng.) a North, form of Tinker: V. Tlncker> [f. M.E. tinklen, to tinkle] TIPPING (Eng.) Tippa 's Son [the A.-Sax. (' Dipl. Angl'., My bonny lass, I work in brass, pers. name Tippa p. 395) 'son' suff. the is f. A tinkler is my station. -f the -ing: name Burns, The Jolly Beggars, 212-13. an O.Low Teut. word seen in E.Fris. and L.Ger. tippen, Swed. ti^pa, to tap, tip, Henry le Tirikeler. strike gently] Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1278. Ewan Typpynge. Rogerus Tynkler. Preston Guild-Rolls, A.D. 1542. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. There has been confusion with Tippin

TINLING is prob. for the imit. ' ting-a-Hng', a for Tibbin, q.v. nickname for a Tinker or Bellman. TIPPINS, Tippin's (Son) : v. TIppln.

TINMOUTH : v. Tynemouth. TIPPITT for TIppett, TIbbett, q.v.

TINNISWOOD I V. Tennlswood. TIPPLE for Tibbie, q.v. TINNSWOOD J TIPPLER = Tipler, q.v. TINSLAY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tinsley (Yorks), cent. TINSLEY \ 14th Tyneslawe, Domesday TIPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tipton or Tibbington TIN SLY J Tineslawe [O.E. hlAw, a hill, tu- (Staff's), 13th cent. Tibinton, Domesday mulus: the pers. name is evid. that seen in Tibintone, A.-Sax. *Tibinga-tiin = the Tyneberht, the name of a gth-cent. bishop Estate of the Tiba Family [tlie of Lichfield, again is which a var. of the A.-Sax. pers. Tiba or Tibba is a pet contr. fairly-common A.-Sax. pers. name Tun- of a name whose first element is Tid- or beip)rht = World Bright or Glorious ; the Theod-, etc., with a second element beginn- first element being the O.E. tun, a farm, ing with 6-, as -b{e)ald or -be(o)rht -|- estate, but in the abstract denoting the -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff'. -ing + tun, world ; pers. and the element (in the farm, minor, etc.] genit.) in the Yorks place-name may be a There is also a small chapelry called shortened form of Tyneberht] Tipton in Devonshire. TINSON for Timson, q.v. TIREBUCK, as it occurs in the neighbourhood TIPKIN (16th cent. Typkyn) for TIbkin, q.v. of Tarbock (v. Tarbook), is no doubt a — ;

226 Tirney Tiverton

(Eng.) Bel. to Titchmarsh corrupt imitative form of that name ; but TITCHMARSH Tirebuck, the Liverpool novehst, used to (Nortliants), I3lh cent. Tichemersh{e = say that the name was due to an ancestor the Goat-Marsh [v. under TIchborne, who was so fleet a runner as to " tire and -t- O.E. mersc, a marsh] " the buck I TITCHWELL(Eng.) Bel. to Titchwell (Norf.), TIRNEY = Tierney, q.v. A.u. 1199-1200 Tichewell = the Goat- Spring (spring used by goats) [v. under TIRRELL (A.-Fr.-Teut.), the 13th cent. Tirel, TIchborne, and -f O.E. w(i)ella, a spring, Tirell, Tyrel, Tyrell, weak forms of tlie well] Domesday Turold, Tnrald, O.N. Tlwr(u)ald-r TITE, the French form of Titus, q.v. (A.-.Sax. Thurw{e)ald) = Thor - Ruler [O.N. Thor-r uald-r, ruler uald, power, + ; TITFORD (Etig.) Bel. to Tetford (Lines), 14th might] cent. Tetford [for the first (pers.) element Rad' TnsW—Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4. see under Tetbury] Walter Tyre].—Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274. TITHERINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tytheringtou Edward Tirell et Thomas Tyrell. - (Chesh. : 13th 14th cent. Tyderinton, Ing. ad g. Damn., temp. Hen. VI. Tyderington ; Glouc. : 12th cent. Tidring- The French surnames Tirel, later ton, Domesdayrzirra/MBe; Wilts), A.-Sax. Tireau,Thirel, laterThireau, are considered *Tidheringa-tun or *Theodheringa-tiin = i\ie by some French writers to be referable to Estate of the Tidhere or Theodhere

Thierry : v. Terpy. Family [for the pers. name see under Tidder: 1- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. TISBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Tisbury (Wilts), suff. -ing -I- tiin, farm, estate, etc.] A.-Sax. Tysseburh, Tysanburh (dat., ' t6 Tysanbyrig) = Tysa's Stronghold [the TITHERLEIGH (Eng.) Bel. to Titherleigh A.-Sax. pers. name Tysa is prob. conn. (Dorset), Tytherley (Hants) [O.E. ledh, a pleasant : a with O.E. ge)t(kse, f- bmh, lea, meadow: for the first (pers.) element fortified place] see under Titherington] TISDALE ] TISDALL \ = Teesdale, q.v. TITLEY (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Titley (Heref.), the TISDELL Domesday Titelege, A.-Sax. *Tita7t-ledh = Tita's Lea [Titan-, genit. of Tita -1- ledh, TISSINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tissington {., dat. ledge, a meadow] (Derby), 13th cent. Tissinglon, Domesday 2 for q.v. Tizinctun, A. - Sax. *Tysinga-tun = the Tetley, Estate of the Tysa Family [for the TITLING (Scand.) a nickname from the pers. under -|- name see Tisbury, and SpARROvy [O.N. titling-r] -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suft. -ing + tiin, for estate, farm, etc.] TITLOW Tetlow, q.v.

TITCHBORNE : v. Tlohborne. TITMAN for TIdman : v. under TIddeman.

TITCHEN (Eng.) a nickname from the Km TITMAS \ (Eng.) a nickname from the TiT- [O.E. ticcen, ticgen, a kid] TITMUS MOUSE [M.E. tytmose, titmose — TITMUSS [tit, small (cp. O.N. titt-r, a tit) + TITCHENER] (Eng.) may be apocopated TITTMUS j mose, O.E. mdse, a small bird] TITCHENORJ forms of 'Titchen-Herd', i.e. [v. the Kid-Herd Titchen] ; but analogy TITSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Tittesworth of Buller and Calver seems to show that (Staffs), I3tli cent. Tettesworth, Tetesworth the second element is really the agent, = Tet(t)'s Farm or Messuage [cp.

suff. -er ; and in any case the meaning is Tetley, Tetbury ; and -|- O.E. W0r%] the same. TITTERINGTON, v. Titherington. Lower, 'Eng. Surn.', ii. 43, says: "A village in western Sussex bears the name TITTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Titterton or Itchenor. In the same district resides a Tytherton (Wilts) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate: family surnamed Titchenor." This is for the first (pers.) element see under perhaps worth mentioning. Lower's idea Titherington] being that ' Titchenor ' " is probably a corruption of ' De Itchenor.' " If he had TITUS (Lat.) is prob. conn, with Lat. Titan, suggested that the T- of ' Titchenor' had Gr. TiTiv, 'a giant'. been "attracted'' from the preposition 'at' TIVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Tiverton (Devon), it would have been more to the point anc. Twyfordton = the Double-Ford but neither case is probable. Town [O.E. twi-, two-, double -^ ford + TITCHFIELD : v. Tiohflelcl. tiin, enclosure, farm, town] — —— — : — — ——

227 Toal Tollemache

" There are two bridges over the Exe TOFT (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Toft ; or Dweller at and Loman, at the points where these a Croft or Messuage [M.E. and Dial. E.

rivers ; f. were formerly forded". Nat. Gaz. toft ; O.E. toft, 'a piece of ground' O.N. homestead (Dan.-Norw. 2 Tiverton (Chesh.), a.d. iy}2-^Teverton topt (p as /), a

a croft ; Swed. tomt, ground, place] [liere a pers. name is in question, prob. toft, meaning in Old Norse, the fairly common A.-Sax. Tidfri'S — + A subsidiary "the foundations of a former tiin, farm, etc.] walls or TOAU = Toole, q.v. building", may be compared with the Kent. Dial, secondary signification, " a TOBBIAS 1 (Gr. - Heb.) Jehovah is Good piece of ground on which a messuage

TOBIAS I [Gr. Tw^fas, Heb. Tdbhiydh—tdbh, formerly stood," and the N. Lane, "a field

good ; Yak, a contr. of Y'h&vdh, the Lord] where a house or building once stood." Ego Tobias presbyter rogatus testis "In a court-book of the manor of Der- subscripsi. wentwater, Gawan Wren was fined ten shillings about 1640 for having two fires Kentish Charter, A.D. 699 ; Cart. Sax. on in one at the same time." no. 99 tofi Cumbd. Gloss., p. 104. T°|f,^}v.Tohy. In Piers Plowman (II. 27, 29) the word seems to denote an eminence TOBIN, a double dim. of Tobias, q.v. I seigh [saw] a tour on a toft . . . deep dale bynethe. TOBINS, Tobin's (Son) : v. Tobln. A Cp. Taft. TOBIT(T (Gr.-Heb.) [Gr. Twj3fe)fT = Heb.

Tdbhiydh : v. Tobias] TOFTS, pi. (and genit.) of Toft.

TOBY, an Anglicized form of Tobias, q.v. TOKE (A. - Scand.) the 13th cent. Take, "Who so hath rauche, spende manUche": Domesday Toka, Tochi, Tocha, etc., I)anus, c. So seith Tohye.— Piers Plowman, 5781-2. A.-Scand. Toca VToca 1030, 'Liber Vitse' Hyde Abbey), Toce, O.N. ... as seyde the aungel Raphael to Take, Toki, a pet contr. of the O.N. Chaucer (Pcrsoiins Tale), I Thobie. — 905. ThiffSgeir (mod. Norw, Tiodgeir, Tiogiei, etc.) = National Spear [O.N. ^iSS, TOD \ (Teut.) I a nickname from the Fox nation, people geir-r, a spear] Scot, fox, -f- TODD J [M. and Dial. N.E. and torf, a a bush (the fox was called a tod from his TOKELIN = Toke (q.v.) + the Fr. double

brush) : cp. O.N. toddi (Dan.-Norw. tot), a dim. suflf. -e)l-in. tuft = Dut. tod, todde, a rag = Ger. notte, Richard Tokelyn. a tuft] Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. John le Tod. Pari. Writs. TOLEMAN = Tolman, q.v. This tod, to rest him, he passit to ane TOLER = Toller, q.v. craig . . . Than [then] rorfLowrie lukit quhair he TOLFREE"! (Eng.) Toll- Free (free from couth lour [hide]. TOLFREY J taxation) [M.E. and M. Scot, toll- Henryson, Trial of the Fox. fre, O.E. toll-frio, 'exempt from toll'] helpless lambs I trust them wi' him My ; The uther mous that in the burgh can Oh, bid him save their harmless lives byde Frae dogs, an' tods, an' butchers' knives ! Wes gild-brother and maid ane fre Burns, Poor Mailie, 28-30. burgess, 2 Dweller at the Bush or Small Toll-fre als[o], but [without] custum Thicket [etym. as i] mair or less. Henryson, The Uplandis Mous, 10-12. At length within an yvie todde.— Spenser, Shep. Cal. (March). TOLL (A.-Heb.) a dim. of Bartholomew, q.v. (Eng.) Dweller at a Toll - House TODHUNTER (Eng.) Fox-Hunter [v. Tod ; and Hunter] meton. for Toller, q.v. [O.E. toll, toll, toll-house] TODNAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tod(d)enham

TODMAN J (Glouc), the Domesday TVo&Aaw, TOLLADY, an assim. form of Toplady, q.v. A.-Sax. *Teodanhdm = Teoda's Home or TOLLEMACHE for Tallemache, q.v. Estate [Teodan-, genit. of Teoda (f. O.E. A connexion with M.H.Ger. tolmetsche d, nation, people) -|- hdm, home, etc.] (Ger. dolmetsch). Hung, tolmdcs (of Turk, TOFIELD, app. (with intrus. -d) = Tufflll, q.v. orig.), 'interpreter', is not likely. — ; —

228 Toller Tongue

TOLLER (Eng.) Tax-collector [M.E. toller(e, O.K. tollere] TOMKlll}f°'^T°'"'*'"^''l-^- Of ryche Pers, jie tollere.— = q.v. E. Robt. of Brunne, Handlyng Synne, 5814. TOM KIN Tom (Thomas), + the (double)^dim. suff. -kin [O.LowTcut. -k-in] Loke Matheu was first toller.— The 14th - cent. (Yorks) form Cursor Mundi, 25<8°4- was Thomkyn. Taillpurs and tynkeres, And tolleres in marketes. See the quotation from 'The Turnament Piers Plowman, 438-g. of Tottenham' under Terry.

"1 TOMKINS, ToMKiN's (Son) 1 TOLLET(T (A.-Fr.-Heb.) double dims, of „ t-„,„^.'"'"xin. TOLLIT(T q.v. TOMKINSON, Tomkin's SonJ^- I Bartholomew,

TOLLEY 1 (A.-Heb.) double dims, of Bar- TOMLEY, a metalhetic form of Tolmie, q.v.

TOLLY I tholomew, q.v. TOMLIN -Tom (Thomas), q.v. -f the double (Scand.) Tollei and Tolli are mod. dim. suff. -e)l-in. Norw. forms of the O.N. Thorleik-r = Thor's Sport or Contest [O.N. leik-r, The 14th - cent. English forms are sport, contest, etc.] Tomelyn, Thomelyn, Tomlyn, Thomlyn.

Thomelin is now somewhat rare in TOLLMAN 1 (Eng.) Toll-Man, Tax-Col- France. TOLMAN \ LECTOR [M.E. O.E. toll, toll, tax TOLMON man] ToMLiN's(Son) 1 J + TOMLINS, „ .r„,„,i„ ^- 'O""""- TOMLINSON, Tomlin's Son j TOLMIE, a Scot.-Gael. form of the A.-Scaud. Holm(e, q.v. HenricusThomlynson. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TOLMIN, 17th cent. Tolmin, Towlmyn, is prob. a Northern local name, in which case the TOMLYN = Tomlin, q.v. second element is the O.N. minni, mynni, TOMMAS = Thomas, q.v. mouth (of a river, valley, etc.) : in Eng. applied to the meeting of either usage TOMPKIN= (with the common post -»; intrus. streams or roads), as in Stalmine, q.v, p) Tom kin, q.v. and the first element may be the O.N.

pers. name Toll. But there has been some TOMPKINS,ToMPKlN's(Son) "I ^ .. ^' '""PX'"- confusion with Tolman. TOMPKINSON,ToMPKiN'sSoN J '

TOLMING = Tolmin (q.v.) with excresc. -g. TOMPSETT TOMPSITT i for Thomasset, q.v. TOLNER (Eng.) Tax - Collector [O.E. tolnere'] TOMPSON = (with the common post-w

TOLSON, Toll's Son : v. ToM. intrus. />) Tomson, Thomson, q.v.

TOM, like Thorn, a dim. of Thomas, q.v. TOMS, Tom's (Son) 1 Tom, like Thorn, a TOMSON, Tom's Son J dim. of Thomas, q.v. TOMALIN for Tomlin, q.v. TOMSETT TOMAN (Eng.) a syncopated form of Tolman, TOMSITT I for Thomasset, q.v. q.v. (Celt.) a nickname f. the Ir. toman, a TONER (Ir.) The family of O'Tomhrair, who 'bush,' a 'tuff. now call themselves Toner, took their name from an ancestor 'lomhrar.—^Joyce, TOMBLESON, like Tombllnson, with intrus. Ir. Names of PI., ii. 139. b for Tomlinson, q.v. TONG 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tong or Tonge; or TONGE > Dweller at a Tongue ^SZtll^lol^--^-""''!- or Point of TONGUE I Land (such, e.g., as would be formed by the meeting of two streams) TOMBLINSON for Tomlinson, q.v. [M.E. tonge, tunge, O.E. tunge, a tongue] TOMBS for Tom(e)8, q.v. Two brooks meet at Tong(e (13th cent.

Tonglie), Salop ; and Tongland, Kirkcud- TOMES = Toms, q.v. bright, " stands at the confluence of the rivers Tarf and TOMEY, a double dim. of Thomas, q.v. Dee". The Yorks Tong, Tunge in the 13th cent., occurs as Tuinc in TOMILTY, see the commoner form Tumilty. Domesday-Bk. —— — ——— —

229 Tonkies Topham

TOOMBS for Tom(e)8, q.v. TONKlll|f°^T°"k'ns-q-- TOOMER is f. the North. Fr. place-name St. with the t of St. TONKI N \ I a double dim. of Ant(h)ony, q.v. Omer, anc. St. Audomar, " " name [the pers. TONKYNrN J [E. di m. suff. -kin, O.LowTeul.~ ~ attracted to the pers. -k-(n\ name isa compound of O.Ger. aud{=0.^. 2 for Tomkin, q.v. au'S-r = O.Sax. dd=O.E. edd), prosperity,

wealth, happiness, and mdri ( = O.E. TONKINS, Tonkin's (Son) 1 „ T^„^i„lonKin. mcere), famous] TONKINSON, Tonkin's Son r William de St. Omero. Hund. Rolls. TONKS, a contr. of Tonkins, q.v. TOOMEYl (Celt.) the Irish O'Tuama = TONSON I Tony's Son : v. Tony, Ant(h)ony. TOOMY J Descendant of Tuam [Ir. d or 2 for Tomson, q.v. ua, grandson, descendant : the pers. name is f. the Ir. tua{i)m, a stronghold] TONY, a dim. of Ant(h)ony, q.v. TOON 1 ^'own, q.v. TOOEY, V. Toohy. TOONE J

I3th-i4th cent. Togod, in spite of (Eiig.) vars. TOOGOOD, TOOP I lengthened of Tupp, apparent phonological difficulties, seems TOOPE J q.v. ; but there may have been to represent the Domesday 'lurgod, O.N. some confusion with Topp, q.v.

Thorgaut-r (mod. Norw. Torgaut) : v.

Thupgood, Thupgate. TOOTAL(L ) (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the French

TOOTEL(L ( r(?fe/,adoubledira.ofTheodopio, TOOHY (Celt.) North-Country ; Boorish q.v. [Fr. dim. suff. -el] [Ir. Tuathach {th as h) — nepotic or genit. is the case with A.-Fr. form O'Tuathaigh — f. tuath, the north + As so often the agent, suff. -acK] names, our I3th-cent. form is the present- day French form = Toke,q.v. ^°g|^,} Custance Totel. Hund. Rolls. (Eng.) for Toothlll, q.v. TOOKER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Tucker, Fuller (of cloth) [iVI.E. tuker(e, tokker, a to(u)ker{e, TOOTH (Eng.) a nickname, like the cognate fuller; f. Fr. toquer (^toucher), to beat, Dent [M.E. toth, O.E. t£^, a tooth, tusk] knock ; of Teut. orig. : cp. Low Ger. tukken = Ger. zucken, to twitch, jerk, etc.] Thomas Toth. Hund. Rolls.

Roger leTukere.—/fM«(/.ifflHi,A.D.i274. at a TOOTH ILL \ (Eng.) Dweller Toot-Hill, Alex' le Toukere. TOOTILL /i.e. a Look-out - Hill [M.E.

Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. totehill, totehylle ; i. M.E. toten, O.E. tdtian, to peep out, project O.E. hyll, a hill] John Touker (Soms.). -f- MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. I474-S- John de Totehill.— Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Taillours, tanneris, And tokkeris bothe. TOOTING (Eng.) Bel. to Tooting (Surrey), the Piers Plowman, 438-9 (MS. Trin. 2). Domesday Totinges, in Latin charters of Tucker, sb,, fuller.— the A.-Sax. period Totinge = (the Estate West Devon Gloss., A.I>. 1796. of the) ToTA Family [A.-Sax. Totingas (dat. pi. Totingum): the pers. name Tot(t)a I3th-cent. TOOKEY (A.-Scand.) the Toky, nth is a pet form, of one of the A.-Sax. Torht- cent. the name as Tokig: same Took(e, names (O.E. torht, beautiful, glorious) -|- suff. Toke (q.v.), with the dim. -ingas, pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing]

(Celt.) v. O'Toole. TOOLE TOOTLE I for Tootel(l\ q.v. TOOLEY (A.-Scand.) the I3th-I4thcent. Toly, 2 for Toothlll, q.v. Toll, nth-cent. Tolig (also O.Dan.), a pet form of the O.N. Thorleik-r = Thor's TOOVEY (A.-Scand.) the common nth-cent. (Domesday SpoRTor Contest [O.N. leik-r, sport, etc.] Tofig Tovi), O.N. Tofi, a dim. of rAzoSi)flH-f= National Ruler [O.N. Mod. Norw. forms of O.N. Thorleik-r are Jiio'S, nation, people -|- vald-r, ruler] Tolleik, Toilet, Tolli.

(Celt.) the Ir. Tuatkal{l)ach {th as h) = TOPHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper Field; Tuathal (v. O'Toole) with the pers. suff. or the Hill-Field [O.E. topp, a summit -ach. -f ham{m, a piece of land] — — —

230 Tophill Totler

TOPHILL (Eng.) Dweller at the Top of the TORMEY (C^lt.) the Irish Tormach (nepotic Hill [O.E. topp, a summit + hylt\ — genit.—form O'Tormaigh) [f. the Ir. verb tormach-aim, I increase, magnify; tormach, is app. a nickname fo( TOPLADY a libertine. m., an increase, augmentation]

(Eng.) Dweller at the TOPLEY Upper TORNEY (Celt.) for the Irish O'Torna, i.e.

; or the Hill- Meadow Meadow [O.E. Descendant of Torn(a = a Lord [Ir. topp, a summit-|-Zea'A(M.E. ley), ameadow] 6 or iia, grandson, descendant -\- the genit. oilr.tdrn, a head, summit; lord, sovereign] There are a Topley in Shropshire and a Topley Pike in Derbyshire. "Tomey is now a pretty common family- name, the correct form of which is O'Torna. TOPLIFF (Eng.) Bel. to Topcliffe (Yorks), According to O'Curry, they derive their 14th cent. Topcliffe, 13th cent. Topclyf, name from the celebrated poet Torna Domesday Topedive = the Top of the Eigeas, who flourished in the fourth

Cliff [O.E. topp, a summit + clif] century ; and they inhabited the district of O'Torna in the North of Kerry." TOPLIS l (Eng.) Dweller at the Top Leas Joyce, Ir. Names of PL, ii. 139

TOPLISS J [O.E. topp, a summit ; ledh, a lea, meadow] TORPIN (Scand.) form. Torphin, the O.N. Thorfinn-r (mod. Norw. Torfinti) [v. under TOPP (Eng. and Scand.) Dweller at a Summit Thon, and -f Finn-r, the ethnic name] [O.E. topp = O.N. topp-r\ (A.-Lat. A.-Celt.) (Scand.) a nickname f. the O.N. topp-r, TORR ] ; Dweller at a 'tuft', 'lock of hair', 'forelock'. TORRE / Tower, or Tower-like Rock or Hill [O.E. torr, a tower, rock, tor; Lat.

TOPPER = Topp (q.v.) + the E. agent, turr-is, a tower ; cogn. with Celt. tor{r, a sufl. -er. mound, heap, pile, conical hill, tower, castle] for TOPPIN Topping, q.v. Henry atte Torre. Fine-Rolls.

TOPPING (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Top (Scand.) for the O.N. Thori-r, Thdr-r Meadow [O.E. topp = O.N. topp-r, a top, (mod. Norw. Tore) : v. Thor. summit + O.N.E. ing, OM.eng, ameadow] TORRAN (Celt.) Dweller at a Knoll or Hillock [Gael, torran (Ir. tordn) a TOPPLE for Tophill, q.v. — torr, hill + the dim. suff. -dn] TORBART TORRANS (Scand.) the O.N. = : TORBARD Thorbiart-r TORRANCE i = Torran (q.v.) + the Eng. Thor-Glorious [v. TORBERT Thor, and TORRENCE pi. -J suffix. TORBET(T + O.N. biart-r, bright, glorious, TORRENS J etc.] TORBUTT There are places called Torrance in cos. Lanark and Stirling. TORDOFF (Scand.) a corrupt Yorkshire de- 2 Irish var. of q.v., like scendant of the O.N. Tkio'Sulf-r (A.-Sax. Terence, and, it, used for the Ir. Theodwulf) = National Wolf [O.N. Toirdhealbhach : v. Torley. Jpii'S, nation, people + lilf-r, wolf]

The mod. Norw. form of this name is TORRIEl I like Terry', a contr. of Theo- Tiodolv TORRY J doric, q.v.

2 like Torrence", used for Ir. TORGETT (Scand.) the O.N. Thorgaut-r {mod. the Toirdhealbhach : v. Torley. Norw. Torgaut) : v. under Th ungate. TORT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Wry, Crooked [O.Fr. TORKINGTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. toTorkington tort, Lat. tort-US, twisted, crooked] (Chesh.), i3th-i4th cent. Torkinton, Old A.-Scai\A. *Torhinga-ttin = i\\e, Estate of Ralph le Tort. Plac. de quo Warr. the ToRK- Family [thepers. M&meTork{a TORTOISESHELL, an imit. form of is a contr. of the O.N. Thorkell, Thorketill, Tatters- hall, q.v. mod. Norw. Torkell (v. Thurkell, Thur- : kettle) h -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. TOTHILL, V. Toothill. -ing -f ttin, estate, etc.]

TOTILLER "I (Eng.) Tatler [f. M.E. totelen, TORLEY 1 (Celt.) the Irish Toirdhealbhach TOTLER J tatelen = L.Ger. tateln, to tattle] (fil. TORLOGH I —genit. — form MacToir- dhealbhaigh) [Ir. tdir, aid, help +dealbhack, John Totiller.—i?t)H5 of Pari. ingenious, inventive ; handsome] The Chaucerian form was totelere. • —

231 Totman Townshend

TOTMAN for Tottenham, q.v. TOWERS (Eng.) the Tower's (Son) : v. Tower', Tawer. TOTTENHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tottenham (A.-Fr.-Lat.) pi. of TowerS q.v. TOTTMAN I (M'sex), the Domesday Tote- ham, A.-Sax. = Tot(t)a's *Tot(t)an-hdm TOWERSON (Eng.) the Tower's Son : v. HoMEovEsTATE \Tot{t)an-,%m\t. oiTot{Oa, Tower', Tawer. a pet form of one of the A.-Sax. Torht- :- q.v. (torht, glorious) names 1- ham, home] TOWGOOD = Toogood,

The Turnament of Totenham have we TOWL 1 I for Toll, q.v. in mynde.—Percy's Reliques, II. I. iv. TOWLE / 2 for Towell, q.v.

\ (Eng.) TOTTIE 1 descendants of the A.-Sax. TOWLER for Toller, q.v. TOTTY ( Tota, Totta,: pet forms of one of the Torht- [O.E. torht, glorious] names (thus TOWLSON for Tolson, q.v. the eighth-cent, bishop of Leicester Torht- "1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town ; orig. helm was familiarly Totta), -|- the E. dim. TOWN an ENCLOSURE, then a Farmstead, suff. -ie, -y. TOWNE J Village [M.E. t{o)un, t{o)une (M. Scot. Johannes Totty.— toun{e), O.E. tun] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. And he went and drew him to aan of TOTTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tottington the citezenis of that cuntre, and he send

(Lane. : 13th cent. Totyngton, Totingtone, him into his toune to fede swyne.

= St. Luke, XV. ; M.Scot, vers. (Nisbet). Totington ; Norf.), A.-Sax. *Totinga-tun 15 the Estate of the Tota Family [for the In parts of the country, e.g. in the West pers. name see under Tottie, and -|- the ot England and in Scotland, the town, or genit. pi., -inga, ot the fil. suff. -ing -f tun, 'toon' (Ihe pron. of O.E. tun), is still the estate, etc.] farmyard. TOUHILL = Toole, O'Toole, q.v. TOWNDROW (with intrus. -t?-)for Town row, TOULMI q.v. Tolmin. TOULMI NEJ TOWNEND (Eng.) Dweller at the Town (Village) -End [M.E. toun{e, O.E. tiin, farm, TOULSON, V. Tolson. hamlet, village -f- M.E. O.E. ende] TOURNAYlv. the commoner Eng. form He lives agen the town-end.— tourney; Turney. S.W.Linc. Gloss., p. 155. Cp. Townsend. TOUT (Eng.) a nickname fM.E. and Dial E. f. TOWNER (Eng.) =Town (q.v.) -f the agent, tout{e, the buttocks ; O.E. totian, to project, protrude] suff. -er.

- And Nicholas is scalded in the toute.— TOWN H ER D 1 (Eng.) Town HERDSMAN or

Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3853. TOWNERD \ Farm-Bailiff [v.underTown, and M.E. herd{e, O.E. hierde, guardian, TOVEY, V. Toovey. -I- keeper, etc.] TOW (Eng.) Tough [Dial. E. tow, O.E. toh] Augustin Tuuherd.— i/wwrf. Rolls.

at TOWCESTER (Celt. & A.-Lat.) Bel. to Tow- TOWNLEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller the Town (Village)-MEADOw[M.E. cester (Northants), 14th cent. Toucestre, TOWNELEY J f(o)M«, Domesday Touecestre, A.D. 921 Tofeceaster O.E. tiin + M.E. ley, etc., O.E. Udh] ' ('t6 Tofe ceastre' — dat.) = the (Roman) The Lane. Towneley was Tounley,Toun- Camp on the R. Tow [the river-name is a lay, in the 14th cent. form of the Welsh river-name Taw{e — (Eng.) This term goes back to Wei. taw, still, placid, sluggish ( = Ir. TOWNMAN Anglo-Saxon times [O.E. tun mann, 'man tdmh — »iA as T)) + O.E. ceaster, Lat. castra, a camp] belonging to a tfln' — tun, farm, estate, manor, etc.] TOWELLl , 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Town TOWILL / TOWNROE TOWNROW J (Village)-Row (of Dwellings) TOWER (Eng.) a var. of Tawer, q.v. [O.E. tAn -\- raw]

Gilbert le Tower.—Hund. Rolls. TOWNS, Town's (Son) : v. Town. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Tower [M.E. TOWNSEND 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the End OF O.Fr. t(o)ur, Lat. turr-is] TOWNSHEND J A Town (Village) [O.E. tiin, Hugh de la Tour.—Ca/. Inq. P.M. genit. tunes + ende"] — — — —

232 Townsley Trapnell

Henry atte Tunesende. Hand. Rolls. TRACEY I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Tracy (Nor-

TRACY f maudy) : (i) Tracy- Bocage — A.D. Asomonour isarennereupanddoun. . . 1 198 Traceium, 141 7 Tracheium ; (2) Tracy- And is y-bet [beaten] at everich tounes sur-Mer — i2thcent.7VacsM»i, 1155 (Wace, ende.—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, D 1283, 85. 'Rom. de Rou') Tracie, 1255 Tracheium Unto yone hospitall at the tounis end.— [the Lat. suff. -eium denotes possession : Henrysoii, Test, of Cresseid, 382. the first elem. embodies a pers. name, The intrus. -h- in the second form of prob. the Lat.-Gr. Thrasius, f. Gr. thrasys this name is found as early as the 13th (fifiaais), bold, courageous] cent. Richard de Tracy. Hund. Rolls. TOWNSLEY, equiv. to Townley, q.v. (Celt.) the Irish Treasach (nepotic — genit. — form O'Treasaigh) [Ir. treas, battle TOWNSON I Town's Son : v. Town. 4- the agent, suff. -acK\ 2 a corrupt form of Tomlinson, q.v. TRAFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Trafilord (Man- 3 for Towlson, Tolson, q.v. chester), I3th-i4th cent. Trafford = the Tree-Ford (i.e. a ford whose passage was TOWSE, Tow's (Son) : v. Tow. facilitated by tree-stumps or timber-piles) [O.E. tre&w, a tree, timber (= Dan.-Norw. TOWSON I Tow's Son : v. Tow. tra, Swed. tra) -f ford[\ 2 for earlier Townson, q.v.

TRAHAIARN 1 (Celt.) the O.Welsh TraAaj-arM, TOWSTER, the fem. form of Tower=Tawer, TRAHARN [ a nickname of strength =

q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suif. -estre'] TRAHERN J Super-Iron [Wei. tra, over, super- + haiarn, iron] TOWZER (Eng.) i Teaser, Carder (of yna bu vrwydyr ym mynyd Cam, wool, etc.) [f. E. touse, M.E. tusen, to pull Ac y ac yna y WasTrahayam uab Caradawc uab about ; of Teut. orig.] Gruffud wyr lago. 2 used as a nickname for a Roisterer, (And then took place the battle on Cam Rowdy [same etym.] mountain, when was slain Trahaiarn, son But let him loose amongst my kitchen- of Caradoc, son of Griffith, grandson of furniture, my maids, never was seen so lago).— tarmagant a towzer. — Brut y Tywysogion (Chronicle of the

Otway, The Atheist (1684) ; T. Wright. [Welshi Princes), A.D. 1079. Trahern ap Howel ap Rys (a Welsh TOY 1 (Scand.) a specif. East, and North. hostage in Chester Castle). TOYE J name, I3th-I4th cent. Toy, Toye, seems Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts.,A.Ti. 1301-2. to represent the O.N. Thia'Sgeir (mod. Norw. Tiogiei) = A.-Sax. Theodgar, i.e. TRAIL forms of Thrale, q.v. [cp. Dan.- National Spear [O.N. JjirfS = O.E. ^edd, TRAILL nation, people + O.N. geir-r = O.E. TRALE Norw. trcel=Swsd.trdl, a bondman] gdr, a spear]

(Celt.) the Irish O'Tuaith (th mute) = TRAINER ] (Celt.) the Irish Treinfhear or

Descendant of Tuath, i.e. Northern TRAINOR \ Trdunfhear {fh mute) = Strong

[Ir. tuath, northern] TRANNER J or Brave Man ; Hero [Ir. triun (pron. train), strong, brave -|- the asp. form TOYNBEE (Scand.) Bel. to Toynby (? Lines) ot fear, a man : cp mod. Gael, treunair, [O.N. by-r, farm, estate: the first element 'dihgent man'] doubtless represents a pers. name : v. TRANT, V. Trent. under Toynton] TRANTER (Teut.) Peddler, Carrier [cp. TOYNTON (Scand.) Bel. to Toynton (Lines), | TRANTOR M.Dut. tranten, to walk slowly; a.d. 1317-18 Toynton [O.N. ttin, enclosure, \ TRAUNTOR J Low Ger. trant, a walk, pace] homestead : the first element prob. repre- sents'the O.N. (fem.) pers. nameThid'Sunn, Dick Dewy's father, Reuben, by voca- which (as Rygh points out in his 'Gamle tion a tranter, or irregular carrier.

[Old] Personnavne', p. 250) occurs in T. Hardy, Under the Greenwood-Tree, i. 2. modern times as Tiown and Tion] TRANTOM for Trentham, q.v. TOZER, v. Towzer. TRANTUM

TRACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Trackway TRAPNELL (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the YxmchTrapinel, [Fr. trace, a trace, path; Lat. tract-us, a a double dim. i. Fr. trapu = Squat, course, etc.] Stumpy [v. under Trapp] — ;

233 Trapp Tregear(e

TRAPP (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Trappe, TREDEGAR (Celt.) Bel. to Tredegar (Monm.) Trap(e = Squat, [Fr. of = Tegyr's Homestead [Wel. tre, home- Stumpy trapu ;

Teut. orig. : cp. Ger. trapp, a heavy step stead, etc. : the stem of the pers. name trappen, to walk heavily] 7V^^»" (with T regularly mutated to D in the place-name) is Wel. tSg, fair, hand- John Trappe. Hund. Rolls. some. The name Tegyr occurs in the ac Olwen). TRAPPS, Trapp's (Son) : v. Trapp. 'Mabinogion' (Kulhwch

TRASK (Scand.) Dweller at a Bog or Marsh TREDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Tredington [Scand. trdsk] (Wore. : 13th cent. Tredinton, Domesday Tredinctun, 10th cent.Tredinctutt,Tyrdintun, TRASS, a form of Trace, q.v. : cp. Scot, tras, 8th cent. Tredincgtun ; G\ouc. : 13th cent. 'a game-track'. Tredintone, Tredigtone), the A.-Sax. *Tred- inga-tun = the Estate of the Treda TRATT, a var. of Trott, q.v. Family [the pers. names Treda and - TRAVERS \ (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dwellerat a Cross- Tyrda (both 8th cent. Worcestersh. names) are evid. easier-pronounced var. TRAVERSE J Road [O.Fr. travers-e; f. Lat. transversus, oblique, athwart] masc. formations on the fem. noun f'ryj', might, strength -{- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. estate, etc.] '"'^^'^ forms of Travers(e, q.v. -ing + tun, TRAVISS I TREE (Eng.) Dweller by a (conspicuous) In the late i6th and early 17th centuries Tree [O.E. treow\ the same individual is often called indiff- (Fr.) Bel. to (Oise, etc.) or erently 'Travers' and 'Travis'. Trie ; Dweller at the Uncultivated or Fallow Land TRAYNER 1 [O.Fr. trie, "terrain vague, inculte "] TRAYNORJ Trainer, Trainor, q.v. TREEBY (Scand.) Dweller at the Tree- TRAYTON, a var. of Treeton, q.v. Farmstead [O.N. -eto«e= the Tree Enclosure To taken other folkis thyng or Farmstead [O.E. treo + ttin] Through robberie or myscounting. And that is she that makith trechonres. — TREEVES = Treves, q.v. Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 194-7. TREFFRY 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Treffry (Cornwall) = the Town of the Slope [Corn. TREACY, a form of Tracy (q.v.), esp.' TREFRY I and Wel. tref, a homestead, village, town TREADAWAY (with intrus.-a-) for Treadway, + the Corn. cogn. of Wel. rhiw, a slope] q.v. TREFUSESl (Celt.) Bel. to Trefusis (Corn-

TREFUSIS I wall) [Corn, and Wel. tref, a

TRlDGO?D°}^--r»^'-dg°'d.q- homestead, village, etc. : evidence of early forms is lacking, and the wild shots of TREADWAY 1 (Eng.) prob. descendants of an Cornish historians and others at the origin TREDWAY ] A.-S,&x.*Thrythwig = Mighty of the second element are not worth War or Warrior [O.E. ['rj't', might, quoting here ; in ray opinion it represents strength -(- wig, war (wiga, warrior] the pers. name Huws with the later addit. of one of the Corn. pi. sufis., -es^ TREADWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Spring or Well by a Path or Road [Dial. E. tread, TREGARTHEN 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tregarthian

a path, track, way ; f. O.E. to tread tredan, TREGARTHIAN J (Cornwall) [Corn, and Wel.

-I- E. well, O.E. w{i)ell(a, a spring] tre, a homestead, etc. -I- the pi. of Corn. garth, Wel. gardd, a garden (-en, Corn. pi. TREANOR = Trainor, q.v. suff. ; -ian for yon, pi. suff.]

1 (Eng.)i assim. forms of Trennble, TREBBLE TREGEAR(E (Celt.) Bel. to Tregear(e (Corn- Trimble, Trumble, q.v. TREBLE J wall), 14th cent. Tregaer = the Town of 2 descendants of the A.-Sax. Thryth- the Fort [Corn, and Wel. tre, a home-

&(e)rtW= Mightily Bold [O.E. I'^-ji)', might, stead, village, etc. -|- a mutated form of strength -|- b(e)ald, bold] Corn, car = Wel. caer, a fort, camp] — —

234 Tregetor Trent

The corresponding Wei. place-name is If this name had signified 'the Big Tregare. Estate' the m of mer or mear would have

been mutated to v : cp. Trevean. TREGETOR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Juggler [M.E.

f. O.Fr. tresgeter, to jnsjgle tregeto(u)r; ; TREMELLAN (Celt.) Dweller at the Mill ) Lat. trans, across -\-jactare, to throw] TREMELLEN IEst.ate or Village [Corn.

TREMELLIN J and Wei. tre, a homestead, TREGOS(E (Celt.) Bel. to Tregos(e, Tre- 1 village, etc. -|- Corn. mel{r)an = 'We]. melin, goos(e (Cornwall) = the Town TREGOZ(E J a mill] of the Wood [Corn, and Wei. tre, a home- stead, village, etc. -|- the mutated form, TREMENHEERE (Celt.) Bel. to Tremenheere -gos, of Corn, cos = Wei. coed, a wood] (Cornwall) = the Menhir-Estate [Corn. and Wei. a homestead, village, etc. -|- Henr' de Tregoze. tre, Corn. men = Wei. maen, a stone + Corn. Charter Rolls, A.D. 1270-1. heer = Wei. Mr, long] TREHEARN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at an TREHEARNE later forms of Trahaiarn, TREMLETT Aspen - Grove [Fr. Trem(b)let, f. Lat. TREHERN etc., q.v. TREHERNE tremiilet-um (mod. Fr. tremblaie), a place planted with aspens ; Lat. tremul-us TRELAWN \ (Celt.) Dweller at the Church- (whence Fr. tremble,a.n aspen) -|- the 'plan- TRELAWNY/TowN [Corn, and Wei. tre, a tation' suS. -et-um1 homestead, village, town Corn. Ian = -f TRENCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Cutting Wei. llan (O.Wel. lann), a church : the -y or Alley [M.E. trench(e ; f. O.Fr. trencher i uTrelawny represents the Corn, dim . suff.] (mod. trancher), to cut] Trelawny, par. Alternon, Cornwall, And in a trench, forth in the park, gooth form. Trelany, Trelone, is the Domesday she.—Cha ucer. Cant. Tales, F 392. Treloen. The correspondingWelsh place-

name is Trellan ; Welsh has also the TRENCHARD (Fr.-Lat. + Teut.) a nickname formation llandref, 'church-village' {-dref from O.Fr. trencher, 'to cut' [O.Fr. trencher

mutation oi tref, 'village'.) (mod. trancher), to cut : the (intens.) suff. -ard in the name is for the O.Teut. hard, (Celt.) Bel. to Treloar (Cornwall) TRELOAR hard, brave] [Corn, tre, a homestead, etc. -|- lowr, downward, lower] TRENDELLl (app. Celt.) Bel. to Trendle TRENDLE / (Soms.), 14th cent. Tretidyl [If TREMAIN (Celt.)Bel. toTremaine(Corn- I the name is not the O.E. trendel, a circle V wall) TREMAINE = the Town of the (as of stones), the stem is prob.West. Eng. Stone [Corn, and Wei. tre, TREMAYNE J trend, a current or stream — app. f. Wei. a homestead, village, etc. Corn, = -f- men tren(t, rapid; and the suff. the dim. -et\ Wei. maen, a stone] "In the name Tremaine we may be sure TRENDER, v. Trinder. that the second syllable is not an adjective TRENNER = Trainer, q.v. or it would be 'Trevaine' ; so the meaning is not, as one might think, 'the stone TRENT I Dweller by the River Trent, 12th house' (not a very distinguishing epithet cent. Trenta, loth cent. A.-Sax. charters in Cornwall), but probably 'the house of Trenta, Traenta, the Treonta of the A.-Sax, the stones', i.e. of some stone circle or Chron, a.d. 924, and the Treanta of Bseda. other prehistoric remains." What the river was called during the Jenner, Handbk. Com. Lang., p. 193. Roman occupation is uncertain. Dr. Brad- The corresponding Welsh place-name ley's ingenious emendation in 1883 of is Tremaen or Tremain. In the parish of Tacitus's ('Annales', xii. 31) "castris " Tremain, Cardigan, "is the Llech-yr-Ast antonam into "cis trisantonara'', and his Stone." identification of the "Ti-isantona" thus evolved with the mod. Trent, which seems TREMBLE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by an Aspen- to have been accepted by Prof. Rhys Tree [Fr. tremble, an aspen; Lat. tremul-us] ('Celt. Brit.', ed. 1908, p. 80), cannot be (Eng.) V. Trimble, Trumble. said to be convincing, and are perhaps no longer viewed with favour by their author. TREMEER 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tremeer or Tre- In my opinion the name is a survival of TREMEREJraere (Cornwall) = Mer's or the Lat. torrent-em (Ital. torrinte), a torrent, Mear's Home or Estate [Corn, and Wei. in allusion to the famous bore or eagre of

tre, a homestead, etc. : the pers. name is the lower part of the river ; the of the the Corn. mSr or mear (= Wei. mawr), big] etymon falling out at an early period owing — —

235 Trentham Trigge

to the stress being on the second syllable: TREVETHICK 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Trevethick we may compare the name of the Trenta, TREVITHICK J (Cornwall) = the Physician's a mountain-stream of the Austrian Alps. Dwelling [Corn, and Wei. tre, a home- stead, etc. -\- the mutated form, -vethic, of . . . ane of the sherriffes men, Corn. or Good William a-Trent was slaine. ?nethic medhec = Wei. meddyg (Lat. medic-us), a physician] Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, 75-6. 2 Bel. to Trent (Dorset) [app. the West. T^i;;fTV}v-T.vet(t. Eng. trend, a current or stream prob. f. ; Wei. tren(t, rapid] There is a Trevet in co. Meath, anc. Trefoil, i.e. 'Three Sods or Turves', "so TRENTHAM Bel. to Trentham (Staffs), named . . . because when Art, son of Conn TRENTAM I2th-I3th cent. Trentham = ihe of the Hundred Battles, was buried there, TRENTUM Enclosure on the R. Trent three sods were dug over his grave in

[v. Trent , and O.E. hamm, a piece of + honour of the Trinity" (Joyce, 'Irish Local land, enclosure] Names', p. 90) ; but this place has prob. TRESHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tresham (Glouc), had no surnominal influence. loth cent. Tresham ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1282) = (prob.) Treowe's Home [the geuit. of TREVINE (Celt.) Bel. to Trevine (Cornwall) = O.E. treowe, tr^we, true + hdm, home, the Little Farmstead [Corn, tre, farm, estate] homestead, etc. -|- the mutated form, Will'us Tresham.— -vean, of Corn, bean, Man, little] Charter Rolls, tp. Hen. VI. TREVISA (Celt.) Bel. to Trevisa (Cornwall) = TRESILLIAN (Celt.) Bel. to Tresillian (Corn- the Lower Town [Corn, trev = Wei. wall) =Silian's or Sulian's Homestead tref, a homestead, hamlet, etc. -f Corn. isa = Wei. is, lower] [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead : Sultan represents Julian] TREVOR (Celt.) i the Irish Treabhar = Pru- Sihan, Cardigansh., is for St. Suhan dent, Discreet [O.Ir. trebar] (Julian), as the dedication of the ancient 2 Bel. to Trevor (Cornwall), a form of church shows. Trevear, q.v. There is also a Trevor in co. TREVARTHEN (Celt.) Bel. to Trevarthian Denbigh. (Cornwall) = the High Farmstead [Corn. TREW = True, q.v. trev, a homestead, etc. -|- arth, high-|-the "individualizing" suff. -an ox-en] TREWEN (Celt.) Bel. to Trewen (Cornwall) = the White House [Corn, and Wei. tre, a TREVEAR (Celt.) Bel. to Trevear (Cornwall) homestead, etc. + Corn, and Wei. -wen, = the Big Farm or Estate fCorn. and mutated form o{ given, fem. oigwyn, white] Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. -t- Corn, -vear, There is also a Trewen in co. Cardigan. mutated form of mear or »!«»"= Wei. mawr (Eng.) Bel. to Trewhitt (Nor- ( = Ir. and Gael, mor), great] TREWHITT thumb.), 13th cent. Terwit, Tirwhit [perh. TREVELIAN \ (Celt.) Bel. to Trevelyan repr. O.E. tredw-(ge)'wrid, a thicket] TREVELION (Cornwall), the Domesday TREWlNNARD(Celt.-t-E.)Bel. toTrewinnard • Trevelien = Elian's TREVELYAN Home- (Cornwall) = Winnard's or Wynn- STEAD TREVILIAN [Corn, trev, a home- heard's Home or Estate [Corn, and TREVILLIONJ stead, etc.] Wei. tre, a homestead, etc. ; and see TREVELLICK (Celt.) Bel. to Trevillick Winnard] j TRICKER for Trigger, q.v. TREVILLICK ) (Cornwall) = Meilic's Home-

stead [Corn, and Wei. tre, a homestead, TRICKETT, the French Triquet, Tricot, etc., f. etc. ; with the M of the pers. name mu- the O.N. Trygg, Tryggui (v. Trigg), with

tated to V : the pers. name Meilic occurs the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot. in the M'dbinogion ('Kulhwch ac Olwen')] Thomas Triket. Hund. Rolls.

= q.v. TREVER Trevor, TRICKEY =Trigg (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y. TREVES (Fr.) Bel. to Treves (France).Tr6ves, TRIGG l(Scand.) the Norw. Trygg, O.N.

Gard, e.g., was Treve a.d. 1227, 1244, and TRIGGE i Tryggui=iheTKiiSTi, True [O.N. 1262; but 'apud Tr/wMwi' occurs in 1289, trygg-r] and 'Parochia de Trivio' in 1309. If these A Tryggui was, of course, the father of M.Lat. forms were to be trusted, the name King Olaf Trygguason (Olafr konungr would, of course, mean 'the Three-Roads' Trygguason) of the sagas. The form in Meet'. our I3th-i4th cent, records was Trig- and — — ——. — — — — —;.

236 Trigger Triston

Tryg. The word is the second element 2 Velveteen Maker or Dealer [f. Fr. in the name of the Norse Iting of Dublin, tripe, imitation velvet, velveteen] Sigtryggr, who figures, e.g., in the great Wallerand Colbert, trippier de velours

Nial Saga. . ( 70) —Godefroy 1 5 TRIGGER (Scand.) represents an O.N.Tryggeir TRIPPET(T = Tripp (q.v.)4- the A.-Fr. dim. = Trusty Spear [O.N. trygg-r, trusty, suff. -et. true + geir-r, a spearj Johannes Trypet. A.D. TRIGGETT = Trigg (q.v.) + the Fr. dim. Yorks Poll-Tax, 1379 suff. -et. TRIST (A.-Fr.) Dweller at a Tryst or Hunt-

TRIGGS, Trigg's (Son) : v. Trigg. ing-Station [M.E. O.Fr. triste, L.Lat. tristd] TRIIVIBELL . (A.-Fr.-Lat.) var. of Tremble, Lo, hold thee at thy triste clos, and I TRIIV1BLE q.v. J Shal wel the deer unto thy bowe drive. (Eng.) for Trumble, q.v. Chaucer, Trail. & Cris-, ii. 1534-5. TRIMBEY The French triste, l^at. trist-is, 'sad', does \ V. Thrimby. TRIIVIBY not seem to have given rise to a pers. name at any rate to one that has survived. TRIIVIIV1ER (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. — Trumhere = Strong Army [O.E. trum, TRISTAN (Celt.) Noisy One, Blusterer strong, firm + here, army : tlie E. verb, f. (with suff. [Wel. trystan (Pughe) ; -an) 'trim', O.E. trymman, is f. the base truni] Wel. trystio, to make a noise, bluster A famous Trumhere was Bishop of the trwst, a noise (cp. trwstan, clumsy] Mercians in the 7th cent. Drystan mab Tallwch. There has no doubt been some con- ' Breuddwyd Rhonabwy ' (Dream of fusion with the Cornish name Tremeer, Rhonabwy) ; Mabinogion, etc. q.v. Trystan the son of Tallwch. TRINDER (Eng.) Wheeler, Wheelwright do. do. tr. Guest.

[M.E. trinder ; f. O.E. trinde, something The mod. Welsh version (Edwards) has round — tryndel (trendel), a wheel] (with mutation) Hugh le Trinder.—ifM«

trippe, 'to trip', 'skip', etc. : cp. O.N. trippi, 'a young colt'. so nenne wir in Tristan. Gilbert Tn^.—Hund. Rolls: nu heizet triste triure [mod.Ger. trauer,

sorrow] . . TRIPPER i TRIPPIER U?"e) I = Tripp (q.v.) + the von triste Tristan was sin name. TRIP(P)YERj'^-^g*="'-^"*^-^'-- 11. 1996-2001. Cp. Tristram. 2 for Tripherd, q.v. (A.-Fr.) the common FTenchTrip{p)ier= TRISTON I for Tristan, q.v. I Tripe-Dealer [Fr. tripier, f. tripe, tripe 2 for the Corn. Trestean, Tresteen(e (of Celt, orig.) the -f agent, suff. -jVr] (i7fh cent.)- = (prob.) the Stained or Tripier. Celui — qui vend en detail les Coloured House [Corn, and Wel. tre, a issues des animaux tuds k la boucherie. homestead, farm, etc.-|-the Corn. cogn. of Littr6, Diet., ed. 1889. Wel. ystaen, stained, coloured] — — —— — ——

237 Tristram Trousdale

It is = tempting to see the Corn, slean is prob. a mistake ; if it were not, the Wei. ysiaen, tin, in ttiis name. second element would represent hope (v. Hope), 'a hollow', and the first doubtless TRISTRAM (Celt.) lias been confused with be the O.N. troll, 'an elf, 'ogre', 'giant'. Tristan (q.v.); but it is, of course, a diffe'.r- ent name. We get the cl ue to the meaning TROOD, a var. of Trode, Trodd, q.v. from t-he medJEeval romancers, e.g. And by cause I byrthe TROOP (A.-Scand.) metath. var. ofThorp(e, shal dye of the ) of the [thee], I charge the [thee] gentyl- TROPE V q.v. (Mod. Scand. torp, a farm, also woman that thou pray my lord kynge TROUP J occurs in place-names as -trup). Melyodas that whan he is crystned lete Cp. Throop. calle hym Trystratn, that is as moch to TROSTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Troston (Suff.), saye as a sorouful byrthe. the A.-Sax. Trosting\a\tiin = the Estate Malory, Morte d Arthur, Will. i. OF THE Trost(a Family [the pers. name And we know from Sir Tristram's tem- is a form of O.N. traiist-r, trusty, firm ; f. porary inversion of his name toTramtrist traust(MoA. Scand. trost, comfort), help, (VIII. viii.) that the second element is protection -f -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. -tram [Wei. (and Corn.) trist (Lat. tristis), suff. -ing + tun, estate, etc.] sad, sorrowful + (app.) the early form, *tram, of Wei. traf, a strain, labour, travail TROT(T)MAN i=Trot(t)'s Man (-Servant): V. Trott. (cp. Wei. Tafwys=Thames ; Rhufeinwr= Roman; Addaf = Adam] 2 = Trott (q.v.) -(- man ( = Mod. Ger. Soe did S>- Tristerant, y' gentle kt, Trautmann, O.Ger. Trutman). To the forrest fresh and gay. TROTT (Teut.) the 14th cent. Trot(e, Trut, 'Marr. of Sir Gawaine': Percy's Reliques. Trout, etc., 13th cent. Trot{e, Troyt, i2lh Tristram de Haule. Hund. Rolls. cent. Trote, Troite, Truite, A.-Sax. Trot(a Tristram was the spelling used by Marie (not common) = Beloved, Dear; Friend de France (13th cent.) in her 'Cheverefoil.' [Forms of the M.H.Ger. and O.H.Qer. trdt (subs, and adj.), dear, beloved, friend TRISTRAN for Tristram, q.v. (Mod. Ger. traut) : cp. M.H.Ger. trohtin, a Tristran is the form in an Old-French var. of truhtin, lord, prince. The compds. poem printed in Fr. Michel's 'Tristan', formed with triit- in M. H. Ger. are (1835), e.g.— . . . le pur Tristran. numerous] TRITTON for Treeton, q.v. Trottuc {-uc dim. suff.T occurs as the name of a swineherd of Ecgwine, bishop (A.-Fr.-Teut.)theA.-French TRIVET(T Trivet, of Worcester, d. a.d. 717/8. a labio-dentalized form of Trippet(t, q.v. Nicholas Trivet. TROTTER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Pedestrian, Run- ner,Messenger [O.Fr. trotier (Fr. Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. trotteur); John Tryvet. of Teut. orig.] MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. 1384. Trottier is a fairly common French surname.

T^§^TE}=^-",q.v. An p.Ger. Trothari, 'Beloved Army', is

recorded ; but a corresponding A.-Sax. 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Path or TRODD Track name does not seem to occur. TRODE ; [O.E. trod] TROGGER, a var. of Trigger (q.v.) with the TROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Troughton (N. form of the first element influenced by Lane), form. Troghton = the Farmstead in the or Dan.-Norw. tro, 'trusty', 'true'. Trough Hollow [M.E. trogh, a trough, O.E. troh, trog, basin, hollow -f- (A. - Fr. - Teut.) Loiterer TROLLOP(E \ ; M.E. -ton, tun, O.E. tiin, farm, etc.] TROLLIP / Slattern [Dial. E. and Scot. v. trollop, i. troll, Fr. trdler, to stroll; Ger. TROUNCE, Trowns.

trollen, to roll, loll : -op prob. represents TROUNSON, V. Trownson. the adv. up] In the Lane, dialect (and one or two TROUSDALE (Eng.) Bel. to Troutsdale (N. others) the word has taken a final -s Yorks), the Domesday Truzstal (z = ts) = Aw should as soon think o' gettin' wed TRtiT(E)'s Stall [for the pers. name see to a co'n boggart as sich a trollops.— under Trott, and -|- O.E. st(e)all, a place, Waugh, Sneck-Bant, p. 91. stead, cattle-stall] A 'William de Trollop' occurs in a On analogy, the Domesday form here I4th-cent. Durham record. The 'de' here is to be trusted. — — — : — ' — — —

238 Trout Trumble

TROUT (Teut.) a var. ot Trott, q.v. TROWSDALE"! „ -r„„,.„j„i» TROWSDALLJ v- Trousdale. (occ.) (A.-Lat.) a nickname from the fish so called [O.E. triilit, Lat. tructd] TROWSE (Eng.) Bel. to Trowse (Norf.), 14th

Thomas Trout. cent. Trowes, Trows [pl.of trow : v. Trow] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TROY (Fr.-Lat.-Celt.)Bel. toTroyes (France), The surname Bucktrout occurs. anc. Augusta Trecorum, or Tricas(s)i, TROUTBECK (N.Eng. or Scand.) Bel. to the chief city of the Gaul, tribe the [prob. conn, with O.Ir. tri, by, Troutbeck (Westmd. : 13th Tricassii cent.Troutbek ; (as the descriptive pers. Cumbd. : 14th cent. Trutbek) = the Trout- through, and Brook [O.E. triiht (the Scandinavians element) O.Ir. cas, curly hair (Gael, cas, may have borrowed this word, but it does to curl] to recorded), Lat. not seem be tructa, a Jacobus de Troys alias Troye. trout+O.N.E. bec{c=OM.bekk-r, abrook] Hund. Rolls.

TROVER (A.-Fr.-Lat.), the A.-Fr. trovur, O.Fr. Our troy-weight is derived from this troveor (Fr. trouv^re) = a Troubadour place. [conn, with Fr. trouver, to find, invent] TRUBRIDGE = Trowbridge, q.v. TROW (Eng.) Dweller at i a Trough or (Eng.) Faithful, Loyal [M.E. tre{o)we, Hollow [O.E. trog\ TRUE etc., O.E. tredwe} 2 a Tree [O.E. a tree (also fig.) tredw, ; a cross] TRUEBODY (Eng.), the i7th-cent. Truboddy, William atte Trowe. Hund. Rolls. I3th-I4th cent. Treubodie [v. under True, and -I- O.E. bodig^ 1 se it, by ensaunple, In somer tyme on trowes TRUECOCK (Eng.) = True (q.v.) -|- the E. Ther some bowes ben leved [are pet suft. -cock. leaved]. Piers Plowman, 9798-9800. TRUEFELLOW (Eng.) = True (q.v.), and see (Eng.) Bel. to Trowbridge TROWBRIDGE under Fellow(e)s. CWilts), 14th cent.Trowbmgge, Trowbrigge, 13th cent. Troubrigge = the Tree, i.e. TRUEFIT(T (Eng.) The second element is [O.E. Wood Bridge treiw + brycg] doubtless for 'foot' [cp. Scot, fit, foot], and The wooden bridge has long been re- the first elem. is more likely to represent placed by a stone structure. the O.E. tredw, 'wood', than O.E. treowe,

'faithful' ; the whole name therefore being

TROWELL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Trowell (Notts : equiv. to the present-day Timber-Toes.

TROWL(E I 13th cent. Trouwell, Domesday This is confirmed by the O.N. trS-f6t-r,

Trowalle), Trowle (Wilts : 14th cent. 'wooden foot or leg. Trowell) = i the Spring in the Hollow 2 the Spring by the Tree [v. under TRUELOVE (Eng.) Faithful Love [M.E. Trow, and-f-O.E. w(i)ella, a well, spring] trewe-love, O.E. (poet.) tre6w-lufu\

As the Notts place is situated " at the In the 14th cent, this was the name of foot of a declivity" meaning ' prob. applies an aromatic herb (a 'breath-sweetener') to it. Under his tonge a trewe-love he beer [bare].—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 3692. TROWER for Thrower, q.v. In the same (Miller's) Tale (A 3714-15) TROWLER (Teut.) Troller, Trundler [f. Chaucer has

M.E. troUen, to roll ; through Fr. (mod. Alias, quod Absolon, and weylawey,

I Fr. trdler, to drag about) from Teut. : cp. That trewe love was ever so yvel biset Ger. trollen, to roll, troll] E-"- TROWN (Scand.) i the 14th - cent. Yorks TRUMAr}=-^-«(^-) + Troune seems to represent the O.N. Thomas Treweman. Hund. Rolls. JpriiSinn, Strong, Mighty [O.N. Jj/-mS = O.E. J;rji«, strength, might] 2 the i4th-cent. Yorks Trogne, Trogune, TRulDAfE^}^^'-°fT''°"«dale,q.v. is app. f. an O.N. *Thru'Sgunn-r= Mighty (in) War [O.N. ]>ru'S, might -|- gunn-r, TRUMBLE (Eng.) I a descendant oftheA.-Sax. war, battle] Trumbald = Strongly Bold [O.E. trum, -|- bold] (Son) strong, firm b(e)ald, TROWNS, Trown's „«..,„ \„t-^- '^°^"- TROWNSON, Trown's Son ; ' 2 a metathetic form of Turnbull, q.v. — —— — — —

239 Trum(in Tuder

TRUM(WI (Eiig.) a descendant of a shortened TUBMAN I Cooper, Tub-maker [L.Ger. form of one of the A.-Sax. Trum- names tubhe, a tub]

{Trumbald,Trumberht,Trummine,eXc)\0.'E.. 2 TuB(B)'s IVIan (-Servant) : v. Tubb. trum, strong, firm] TUCK (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Tucca, Tuca [prob. The Welsh trum, 'a ridge', 'summit', has f. the stem of O.E. tiician, to adorn] app. had no surnominal influence. Peter Tnck.—Close Rolls, A.D. 1278. q.v. TRUMP = Tr'unn(m (q.v.) with intrus. -p. (A.-Scand.) for Took(e, Toke, TUCKER, V. Tooker. TRUMPER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Trumpeter [IVl.E. trompe, a trumpet the agent, trumpe, + TUCKERMAN i =Tuoker, Tooker (q.v.) + suff. f. l'"r. trumpa, a -er ; trompe, O.H.Ger. E. man. trumpet] Walter Tromper. 2 (the) Tucker's Man (-Servant). Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. TUCKETT I = Tuck (q.v.) + the A.-Fr. dim. TRUMPINGTON (Eug.) Bel. to Trumpington suff. -et. (Camb.), 14th ceat.Trumpyngto(u)n, A.-Sax. Willelmus Tultet. *Truminga-tun = the Estate of the Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379- Trum(a Family [see under Trum(m, 2 the Fr. Touguet = Corner, Angle, and + -inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. End [O.Fr. tou(c)quet] estate, etc.] -ing + tiin, The South. Fr. tuguet, 'an owl', has At Trumpyngtoun, nat fer fro Cante- prob. had no surnominal influence in this brigge. country. Chaucer, Cant.Tales ('RevesTale'),A 3921. TUCKEY \ = Tuck (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. TUCKIE suff. -ey, -ie. TRUNDELLl late forms ofTpendell, Tren- J TRUNDLE Idle, q.v. Cp. Tookey. "The Norfolk Trundles are clearly de- TUCKMANianequiv.ofTucker,Tooker, q.v. scended from the Trendle family in that 2 Tuck's Man (-Servant) : v. Tuck. county, found there so early as 1360". Bardsley, p. 767. TUCKSON, Tuck's Son : v. Tuck.

TRUSCOTT (Eng.) Early forms are lacking : TUCKWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Draw-Well represent 'Trut's Cottage' the name may [f. M.E. tukken. Low Ger. tukken, to pull [see under and O.E. coi\ Trott, + up, to draw -f M.E. welle, O.E. w(i)ella']

TRUSTRAM 1 through earlier Trystram for Cp. Tugwell. TRUSTRUM J Tristram, q.v. TUDBALL, a corrupt form of Theod{o)bald : v. Theobald. TRY (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Try or Trie (several in [see under (Fr.] France). Tree TUDDENHAM T (Eng.)' Bel. to Tuddenham

(Suff. : A.D. Tuddan-hdm Gaston de Try. Paris Directory. TU DN AM J 854 ; Norf.) = Tudda's Home or Estate [the TRYMBY, v. Trimby. pers. name Tudda, genit. Tuddan-, is a pet form of one of the A.-Sax. Thedd- names — the I4th-cent. (Yorks) Tubb, TUBB (Teut.) O.E. \e6d = O.Sax. thiod = O.N. JxrfS =

7mJ«, A.-Sax. (loth cent.)Tubba, : Domesday Goth, ^iuda, nation, people — -j- O.E. O. Scand. Tubba = O.Ger. Tubo [app. ham, home, etc.] unvoiced forms refble. to O.N. dubba Joh'es de Tudenham. (from which Late O.E. dubbian is bor- Charter Rolls, A.D. 1284-5.

rowed), to equip, arm, dub ; cogn. with (early L.Ger. dubben, to strike] TUDHOPE (Eng.) Bel. to Tudhope forms lacking) = (prob.)TuD(D) a's Hope or Tubba is recorded as the name of a Valley [v. under Tuddenham and Hope] Danish chief who was wounded at the (Wel.-Gr.) the Wel. Tewdwr, a form sack of the monastery at Medeshamstede TUDOR \ of q.v. (Peterborough) c. 870. TUDER J Theodore, Ac y bu uarw Dyfynwal uab Tewdwr (Heb.) a dim form of Tobias, q.v. (And there died Dyvynwal, son of Tudor).— TUBBS, Tube's (Sou) : v. Tubb. Brut y Tywysogion {Chron. ofthe\Welsh'\ TUBBY = Tubb (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -y. Princes), A.D. 760. — — — —;

240 Tudworth Tummons

Ac yno y Has Tewdwr uab Einawn. TULETT, v. Tullett. (And there Tudor, son of Einon, was TULK (Scand.) Interpreter, Spokesman slain).— do. do. A.D. 993. [O.N. tulk-r ; whence mod.5cand. tolk, an David ap Rese ap Tudder al' Tudor. interpreter, translator] Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1322-3. But in the Middle-English period tulke,

" : Tlieodore, Tudor". Tewdwr or tolke, somewhat vaguely denoted a 'Enwau Personau': Anmyl-Spurrell Diet. 'soldier', "knight', 'personage'. (ed. 1915), p. 333. TUDWORTH (Eng.) Bel. toTudworth (Yorks), TULL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) a French form of the Lat. the Domesday Tudeuuorde = Tud(d)a's Tiill-us, Tulli-us [orig. obscure] Farm or Estate [y. under Tuddenhara, and + O.E. wor^, farm, estate] TULLETT = Tull (q.v.)-|-the Fr. dim. suff. -et. TUER = Tewer, q.v. In addition to Tullet, we find in France the forms Tullat, Tullot, and Tullon. TUFF (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. Tuf, Tuffa, a nick- tufty — name [f. O.E. ge)\uf, bushy, I'm/, TULLEY, V. Tully. a tuft ; whence Dial. E. tuff, a tuft, lock]

2 Tough [O.E. tdh^ TULLIS, Tully's (Son) : v. Tully.

TUFFILL 1(A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Touville TULLOCH 1 (Celt.) Bel. to Tulloch (Scotl.) ancTyovilla, at Hillock [Gael. TUFFIELD I (Eure, Normandy), TULLOCK J or Dweller a

Tyouvilla [Lat, villa, farm, estate : tlie (and Ir.) tulacK] first element is doubtful] TULLY (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Celt.) Bel. to Tully TUFFIN,i6th cent.ri!i^«, a form of Tiffin, q.v. (Somme) = TuLLius's Estate [M.Lat. TUF(F)NELL (Eng.) Bel. to Tuf(f)nell, early *TuUiacum:dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. possess. suff.] forms of which are lacking ; but analogy points to an A.-Sax. = *Tuffan-heall (Celt.) I the Ir. Tuile—MacTuile, O'Tuile Hall' genit. of 'Tuffa's \Tuffan-, TufTa [cp. Ir. tuile, a flood] (v. Tuff) + O.E. heall, a hall] 2 the Ir. Tdithliagh — O'Tdithligh [Ir. surgeon] TUFFS, Tuff's (Son) : v. Tuff. tdithlia{i)gh, a The various Irish places called Tully TUFFT 1 (A.-Scand.) var. of Toft, q.v. [O.N. are from Ir. tulach, 'a hillock': cp.Tulloch. TUFT J tupt, topt (p as/), a homestead] TUG MAN for Tuokman, q.v. TUMBER (Eng.) Tumbler, Dancer [M.E. tumber{e, O.E. tumherel TUGWELL (Eng.) Dweller at a Draw-Well [f. conn, with M.E. toggen, Low Ger. tukken, \lr.Tomaltach TUMELTY \ (Celt.) Big, Bulky to pull or draw up -|- M.E. welle, O.E. TUMILTY filial form Mac Tomaltaigh, w(i)elld\ J— nepotic form O' Tomaltaigh \ tomalt, size, Cp. Tuckwell. bulk -t- the pers. sufi. -acK\ TUITE (A.-Fr.-Scand.) Bel. to Tuit or Thuit Tomaltach, tighearna Ciauachta Glinne (Normandy) = the Thwaite or Clearing Geimhin, d6cc. [O.N. ^ueit, whence Norw. tveit, a clearing] {Tumilty, lord of Cianachta, etc., died). " Sir Richard de Tuite, Knt., accom- Annals of the Four Masters, A.D. 752. panied Strongbowto Ireland in 11 72, and According to Concannon.'Mion-Chomh-

d. 121 1, leaving two sons, Sir Richard de rddh', p. 129, 'Thomas' has been used to Tuite, Knt., surnamed the Black, and replace the Ir. 'Tomaltach'. Maurice Tuite, ancestor of Tuite of Sonagh." TUMMON for Tom-Man, i.e. Tom's Man

Burke's Peerage, etc., s.n. 'Tuite'. (-Servant) : v. Tom, Thomas.

Cocheris, in his 'Noras de Lieu' (p. S8), In the Yorks Poll-Tax, a.d. 1379, we erroneously attributes the T(h)uit names find Tomman, Thomeman, and Thomasman in Normandy (e.g. Thuit Anger and as surnames. Thuit Signol in the Dept. Eure, and Braquetuit and Carquetuit in tlie Dept. TUMMOND = Tummon (q.v.) with the com- Seine-lnf6rieure) to the Scand. toft. mon post -« excresc. -d.

q.v. TUKE, a Scot, form of Tooke, TUMMONS, Tummon's (Son) : v. Tummon. — —— —

241 Tumson Turn bull

TUMSON, a form of Thomson, q.v. TUPMAN = Tup (q.v.) -|- E. man; more Robert Tumson. specif., a Breeder of Tups or Rams.

Lane. Inq. (1915), A.D. 1346. Tupman, sb., a breeder of, or dealer in, tups.—MiW. Agric. Gloss. TUNBRIDGE (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tunbridge (1790). orTonbridge (Kent), 14th cent.Tonebrigge, TUPPER = Tup(p (q.v.) -|- the E. agent, suff. 13th cent. Tonebrugge, nth cent. Tonhrucg -er: equiv. to Tupman, q.v. = the Bridgk over the R. Tun or Ton(e Cp. Buller, ip.E. brycg: for the river-name cp. the Calver. Somersetshire Tone, earlier Tan prob. ; TURBEFIELD conn, with O.Ir. tdn, water] TURBYFIELD I for Turberville, q.v. Prior de Tonebrigge. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1325-6. TURBERVILLE IfFr.) Bel. to Turberville,

TURBURVILLE / 13th - cent. Hundred and TUNDER tor Tunner, q.v. other Rolls Turbervile, Turbervill ; doubt- less an obscure spot in N. France = TUNKS = Tonks, q.v. Turbert's Estate [the French pers. name TUNLEY, V. Townley. Turbert = Torbert (qv) ; Lat. villa, estate, farm] More specifically Tunley, Glouc. TURBETT ^ TUNNARD, V. Townherd. TURBITT TURBOT(T forms of Torbet(t, etc., Tor- TUNNELER (A.-Fr.) the M.E. toneler, toneleur, TURBAT(t bert, q.v. Fr. tonnelier = a Cooper, Cask-IMaker TURBUT [f. O.Fr. tonnel (mod. Fr. tonneau), a tun or TURBERT ' cask : the stem is prob. ult. of Celt, orig.] Turbert, Turbot, Turbut, occur in our TUNNER (Eng.) Cooper, Cask-Maker [M.E. I2th-i3th cent. Rolls. O.E. tunne (prob. ult. Celt.), a cask + the agent, suff. -ere] TURCK 1 (A. - Fr. - Tatar) Turk [Fr. Turc; TURK /said to be ult. f. a Tatar word TUNNICLIFF(E ] Bel. to Tunniclifif (Roch- meaning 'brave'] TUNNECLIFF(E Idale), 17th cent. Tunnicliffe, William le Turc—Hund. Rolls. TUNNACLIFF(E J earlier Tunaleclif [M.E. (Celt.) clifife, O.E. clif, a cliff: the first element Boar [Wei. twrch = Gael, and is prob. for tunnel, O.Fr. tonnelle — the Ir. tore (genit. tuirc), a boar] whole name therefore denoting a cliff, or — Twrch mab Annwas. ' Kulhwch ac rock, into which a tunnel had been driven] Olwen' ; Mabinogion.

TUN NOCK (Eng.) 13th- 14th cent. Tunnok, A rare A.-Sax. pers. name Turea, seen in 1 2th cent. Tunnoc, repr.. the A.-Sax. pers. , the 8th-cent. Turcandenu (Turkdean, Glouc.) name Tun(n)a with the dim. suff. -oc [f. and Tureanwyll ('Cart. Sax', no. O.E. tun, va., garden, manor, world] 165), has prob. had no surnominal in- fluence.

TUNSTALL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Tunstall (a com- TUNSTELL ! mon Eng. place-name), A.-Sax. TURKINGTON = Torkington, q.v. TUNSTILL J r«'«jteaH= the Farm or Manor Stabi,e(s [O.E. tun, farm, etc. -|- steall, TURLE;}forTeaHe, q.v. stall, stable]

TUNSTEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Tunstead (a TURLEY = Torley, q.v. fairly common Eng. place-name) = the = Tonlogh, q.v. Village [O.E. ttinstede] TURLOUGH TUNWRIGHT (Eng.) Cask-Maker; Cooper TURNBULL (Eng.) a nickname of courage -|- [M.E. tunwryght ; O.E. tunne, a cask and strength, Turn-the-Bull [f. O.E. wyrhta, a maker] turnian, to turn -)- 6m;-]

TUP ) (Scand.) a nickname from, the Ram The well - known incident of King TUPP([Dial. E. tup, a ram; prob. Scand. Robert Bruce being saved from the fury tupp, a cock, with transferred meaning] of one of the white bulls in Stirling Park is recounted in Bellenden's (i6th cent.) (Scand.) Tup-Herd [v. under TUPHERD translation of Boece's 'Scotorum Hist.' Tup, and O.N. hir^i-r, a herdsman] + It is said. King Robert Bruce, eftir his Willelmus Tuphird. coroiiatioun, went to ane hunting in this Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. wod, havaud bot ane quiet cumpanie — — — ; —— —— —

242 Turnell Turton

with him, and eschapit narowlie of his ^yrne, a thorn-tree: the second may be leif; for ane of the bullis, eftir that he wes either O.E. ham(m, an enclosure, piece of sair woundit be the huntaris, ruschit feirs- land, or for the O.E. dat. pi. suff. -uni\ lie the king, he had on howbeit na The Yorks place was Turneham in the wapinnis in his hand to debait himself Poll-Tax A.D. 1379, and Thurnham and fra the dint thairof. Incontinent, ane Turnham in the Charter-Rolls A.D. 1 199- of gret spreit, quhilk wes standing man 1200. Thurnham, N.Lancs, Tiernum in neir afore king by, lap the ; and nocht Domesday-Bk., was consistently Thirnum allanerlie [only] kest the bull be manifest or Thymum in the 13th cent., pointing to force to the erd, bot held him, quhill the the dat. pi. suff. -um. Thornham, Kent, remanent huntaris slew him with thair was Turneham in Domesday-Bk. wappinnis. This man that rescoursit the king wes callit Turnbull, and wes TURNOR 1 rewardit with riche landis be the king. turnour}^"""'^^'^'^"'""^''-

Cp. the French Tournebauf [Fr. bceuf TURNPENNY] (Eng.) a nickname for an (Lat. bos, bovis), an ox, bull]. TURNPENY J adept at what is now called France has also Toumebulle— 'Pitch and Toss,' or some similar coin- Les Tournebulle de Champagne portent turning game [f. M.E. t{p)mnen, O.E. d'azur k trois tetes de buffle. turnian -f- ^.^.peny, O.TS., peni{n)g\ Larchey, p. 466. Nicholas Turnepeny. Hund. Rolls. TURNELL (Eng.) As this is specifically a TURPI N (A.-Fr.-Scand.) the French Turpin, a Yorks surname the connexion is evidently descendant of the O.Scand. = with the place-name Thornhill (Domesday Thorfinn-r Thor-Finn [v. under Thor, and + the Tamil) in that county: v. Thornhill. ethnic name Finn-r] There do not seem to be any grounds for Turfi n . Domesday-Bk. association with the Fr. tournelle, 'a small tower'. John Turpin. Hund. Rolls. TURNER (A.-Fr.-Lat. & Eng.) Lathe- The eighth-cent, archbishop of Rheims I of this name figures in the 'Chanson TURNOR \ Worker [M.E. t{o)urnour, t(o)ur- de TURNOURJ KM>-, t{o)urner; f. M.E. t(o)urnen, Roland' (1. 170) Li due Oger et 1' arcevesque Fr. tourner (Lat. tomare), to turn ; and Turpin. O.E. turnian\ In the Pfaflen Konrad's twelfth-cent. Geoffrey le Turner. German version of the 'Chanson' he is Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274 called "ther biscof Turpin."

Aylbricht le Turnur.— do. 'His name' (quoth he), 'if that thou Will'us Tumour. list to learne. Is hight Sir Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2. Turpine, one of mickle might'. Tourneur and Letourneur (rarely Le Spenser, The Faerie Queene, VI. m. xl. Tourneur) are common surnames in France. TURRELL \ (A.-Fr.-Scand.) theFrench Turrel, - (Fr. Lat.) i One from Le Tourneur TIRRELL J a descendant of the O.Scand. (Calvados, Norm.), a.d. 1155 Tourneor = Thor(u)ald-r: v. under Thorald, and cp. (prob.) (the Place of) the Turner [Fr. Tirrell. tourneur, a turner] TURTILLl (A.-Lat.) a nickname from the 2 for the French Tournier = Tourna- TURTLE / Turtle-Dove [M.E. turtel, turrtle, ment-Champion [Fr. tournier, 'champion O.E. turtle, f., turtla, m.; Lat. turtur] de tournois, homme qui dgfie volontiers And oxe, and cullfre [O.E. dove], plusieurs combattants en champ clos' — culfre, and turrtle. Ormulum, 1. f. tourner, O.Fr. torner, Lat. tomare, to turn] 989. Soul [sole] as the turtel that hath lost TURNEY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toTournai, Tour- hire make [mate]. TURNAY / nay, or Tourny (all in Normandy), Chaucer, Cant. Tales, E 2080. M.Lat. Torneium, Turneium = Tornus' (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Crooked [Fr. (later or ' Estate {-eium, possess, suff.] ToMrfe/ Tourteau), a dim. f. Lat. tort-us, crooked] The forms in our i3th-i4thcent. records were de Turney, Turnai, Torney. TURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Turton (Lanes), 13th- 14th cent. Turton = the Tower-Dwel- (Eng.) Bel. TURNHAM to Turnham : (i) Turn- ling [M.E. tur, Late O.E. tHr (Lai. turris), ham (Hall), Yorks ; (2) Turnham (Green), a tower + M.E. -ton, O.E. tiin, residence, M'sex [the first element represents O.E. estate] — — —

243 Turvey Twining

shortened Turton Tower is one of the most in- TWEEDIE 1 (17th cent. Twedy) q.v. teresting structures in tlie neighbourhood TWEEDY I forms of Tweed(d)ale, of Bolton. Lane. Legends, p. 59. TWEEDLEY (Celt. -|- Eng.) Dweller at the O.E. TURVEY "I (Eng.) Bel. to Turvey (Beds) [prob. Tweed-Lea [v. Tweed, and -t- ledK] TURVY J O.E. turf-haga, grassy enclosure lost if the forms TWELL, an aphseretic form of Attewell, q.v. (with A-) ; but Domesday Torvei and Torveie, and a later Turfeye, were to be trusted, the second element TWELLS, genit. of Twell. would be O.E. i(e)g, island, riparian land] TWELVES, an imit. form of Twells. TUSHINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Tushingham (Eng.) Bel. toTwemlow (Chesh.), (Chesh.), A.D. 1303-4 Tussingham, A.-Sax. TWEMLOW 13th - 14th cent. Twemlowe = (At) the *Tuscinga-hdm = the Home of the Double Hill or Tumulus [O.E. twdm,. Tusc(a Family [the pers. name is app. dat. of twegeii, m., two -|- hloewe, dat. of a nickname from O.E. tiisc, a tusk (dial., hl(kw, m., a mound, etc.] and in Shak., 'tush'), large tooth -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. ham, home, -ing -t- TWENTYMAN for Twinterman, q.v. estate] TWICEADAY TUSLER (Eng.) a var. of Teasler, q.v. ; and i V. Twis(a)day. cp. Towzer. TWICEDAY

v. Twitchell. TUSON = Tewson, q.v. TWICHELL, (Eng). Bel. to Twickenham TUSTIN (A.-Fr.-Scand.) the French Toustin, TWICKENHAM loth cent. Tuiccan- Toustain, for earlier Turstein, O.N. Thor- (M'sex), Tuuiccanham, A.D. (or Tuicanhamme, A.D. stein{n: v. under Thunstan. ham, 790 793) 704 Tuican horn (all Latin charters) [O.E. Turstin-us. Domesday-Bk. twic{c)en, a junction (usually of roads, Toutainville, Eure, Normandy, earlier but also of streams) -j- ham(m, an enclo- Toustainville, was anc. Turstini villa. sure, piece of land]

Its ancient name was . . . , referring TUTHILL to its situation between two streams or TUTILL = Tooth ill, q.v. brooks that flow into the Thames at either TUTTLE end of the village. -iVa?. Gaz. (1868). TUTT \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Tut{a, TWIDALE [prob. conn, with the O.Teut. I for Tweedale, q.v. TUTTE J TM(a TWIDDLE Thiuda-,Thiot{a- names : see underTheed] TWIDDY\v. Tweedie, Tweedy, Tweed- TUXBURY for Tewkesbury, q.v. TWIDY J (d)ale. (Scand. Eng.) Bel. to Tuxford TUXFORD -f TWIFORD, V. the commoner form Twyford. (Notts), i3th-i4th cent.r«fe5/orrf=TuKE's or Toke's Ford [v. Toke, and-l-O.E./ord] (Eng.) Scion, Cadet [O.E. twig = TWIGG I TWIGGEJ Dut. twijg, a twig, branch, scion, . 1 corncorrupt forms of TWADDELL \ Tweed(d)ale, etc. (=Ger. zweig, branch, scion, etc.] TWADDLE /q.v. TWIN = Thwaits, q.v. TWAITS TWINE (Eng.) Twin [O.E. ge)tivinn] TWAMLEY TWINN TWAMLOW;^'\^ Twemlow'wemiow. TWINEHAM 1 TWINEM U. Twynham. TWEDDELL 1 (i6th cent.Tweddel) forTweed- TWINHAM TWEDDLE J(d)ale, q.v. J TWINING (Eng.) Bel. to Twining (Glouc), (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Tweed, TWEED the Domesday Tueninge, A.D. 814 (Lat. i2th cent. 8th 14th cent. Twede, Tweda, charter) Bituinceum = Between Streams cent. Tuidus [prob. conn, with O.Wel. [O.E. betwin, etc., between + ed(u)m, edn, a spreading tyw, that which tyWiad, ; dat. pi. of ed, a stream] overspreads] The village ... is situated on the (Celt, Eng.) Dweller in the road from Gloucester to Worcester, be- TWEEDALE ] f TWEEDDALE ITweed-Valley [v. Tweed, tween the rivers Severn and Avon. TWEEDLE J and -f- O.E. diell Nat. Gas. — — — — ——

244 Twink Tyar

TWINK (Eng.) a nickname from the Spink or TWOHILL, V. Toole, O'TooIe. Chaffinch [Dial. (West.) E.] TWOMEYl , = Toom(e)y,T- , q.v. Twink, a chaffinch. TWOOMY / Leigh, Chesh. Gloss-, p. 216. TWOM(B)LOWl ( T I ^""^ Twemlow, q.v. TWINTERMAN (Eng.) Herdsman, Shep- TWOM(B)LEY j

herd ; more specif., the man who tended for the two-year-old animals [Dial. E. : f. O.E. TWOYEAROLD (Eng.) a nickname a ten-

twi-wintre, of two winters (years] der of two-year-old animals : cp. Twin- terman. A cow-calf is called a twinter or stirk during its third year. Leic. Gloss., p. 280. This clumsy surname seems to have Twinter, a sheep of two winters. died out in the 17th or iSth century. Cumbd. Gloss; p. 107. TWYCROSS (Eng.) Bel. to Twycross ; or The Cleveland Gloss. (Addit.), as well Dweller at the Double Cross [M.E. as a sheep, twinter, two-winter has thrinter, O.E. twi-, double -|- M.E. cros, O.N. kross] a three-winter sheep. TWYDELL for Tweed(d)ale, q.v. TWIS(A)DAY'I (Eng.) a name given to a child TWISEDAY born on a Tuesday (or to a TWYFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Twyford, 13th cent, J foundling discovered on that day) [O.E. usually Twyford; or Dweller at the Tiwes-dtEg, Tiw's Day] Double Ford [O.E. twi-, double -|- ford] The spelling Twysontheday mentioned Thomas de Twiford, Mason. by a correspondent of 'Notes Queries' & Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1354. (2gth April, as occurring in 1916, p. 351) Thomas de Twyford, Mason. a Patent Roll of 1411 shows that a late do. do. A.D. mediaeval scribe thought that the name 1356. Twisaday meant 'Twice a day'. TWYMAN for Twyn(h)am, q.v. TWISDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Twysden (Kent), TWYNHAM 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Twynham (now 13th cent. = Twysden the Twin (Double) TWYNAM Christchurch, Hants),^ituated Valley [O.E. twin J ge)twisi, + denu, between the rivers Avon and Stour. valley] [Although Twynham — O.E. be)twyn, TWISLE (Eng.) Dweller at a River-Fork etc., between — occurs in a late copy of [O.E. twisld] a charter of K. jEthelstan ('Cart. Sax.' no. the TWISS "1 (Eng.) Twin [O.E. ge)twisa — twi-, 738), second element, -ham, is prob. really for the dat. pi., TWISSE J double] ed{u)m, of O.E. ed, a river ; it is, in fact, usually stated that TWISSELL = Twisle, q.v. the 'aet Tweoxnedm' of the A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 901, refers to Christchurch; but this TWIST for Twiss, q.v. is not likely for more than one reason] About 1 590-1620 members of the same Twynham was once a place of con- Kenyon (Lane.) family were called 'Twiss' siderable importance, and is more likely and 'Twist.' than the Sussex Twineham (which is TWITCHELL. Dweller in an Alley or Nar- prob. ofthe same etymology) to have given row Passage [Dial. E. twitchel(l] surnames In Twitchell, sb., a narrow passage or alley Edward the Confessor's reign the priory contained one prior between houses. Leic. Gloss., p. 280. and 24 canons, and afterwards fell into the hands of

TWITCHEN (Eng.) Bel. to Twitchen ; or Ralph Flarabard, Bishop of Durham, upon TWITCHIN Dwell.weller at the Two-Roads' whom it was bestowed by William II., TWITCHING Meet (Lat. biviiim) [M.E. and who rebuilt the Church, dedicating twychen, twichen, O.E. twicen(e, 'place it to Christ. It was on this occasion that where two roads meet'] the town assumed its present appellation Twitchen, Devon, is prob. referred to of Christchurch, instead of its ancient in the Hundred-Rolls (Devonsh.) entry xiai^e, Twyneham.— 'Richard de la Twichena.' Nat. Gaz., s.n. 'Christchurch.' TWYNING = TWITE for Thwalte, q.v. Twining, q.v.

TWOGOOD = Toogood, q.v. TYACK "1 (Celt.) Farmer, Husbandman TYACKE J [Corn, tyac = Wei. taiawg, taeog] TWOHIG (Celt.) the Irish O'Tuathaigh: v. Toohy. TYAR, V. Tyep. — — — — — —

245 Tyars Uden

Brick-Maker TYARS, V. Tyeps. TYLER \ (Eng.) Tile- or tygheler(e; i. O.E. TYLOR J [M.E. iyler(e, tiler{e, TYAS \ (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Teuton, German tigele, a tile, brick + the agent, suff. -ere]

TYEAS I [A.-Fr. O.Fr. tyeis, tyois, tyes. this, for q.v. M.H.Ger. tiusch, tiutsch ; cogn. with Dutch TYMMANY TImpany, and Teutonic] TYMS = Tims, q.v. Waleiand le Tyeis. Hund. Rolls. (Celt.) the Irish Avoit une coustume ens el tiois pays . . . TYNAN O'Teimhneain (mh Adonc tenoient Franc les Tiois por mute) = Descendant of Teimhnean amis. Berie aus grans pies, V. [the pers. (nick-) name is a double dim. f. Ir. t^mh, a veil, cover] TYDD = Tidd, q.v. = ^indale, Tindall, q.v. TYNDALL } TYDEMAN = Tiddeman, q.v. TYNE (Celt.) i Dweller at the R. Tyne [the TYE (Eng.) Dweller at a Common, Croft, or connexion seems to be with O.Erse tain, Enclosure [M.E. and Dial. E. tye, O.E. water] tyg, tiag\ There is also a R. Tyne in Scotland. Hugh de la Tye. Hund. Rolls (Sussex). 2 the Irish O'TVimAra (wA mute) [f. the Tie, sb., an extensive common Tye, same stem as Tynan, q.v. ; with the dim. pasture. Diet. Kent. Dial., p. 180. suff. -in] A croft callid Wohies Tie. — TYNEIVIOUTH (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Tyne- MS. Accts. St. 's, Cant. (1510). mouth = the Mouth of the R. Tyne [v. There are places called Tye Green in under Tyne, and -f- O.E. tniiva] Essex and Suffolk. TYRE = Tyer, q.v. (Celt.) for Tighe, MacTighe, q.v. TYRER, lit. Attirer, the equiv. of Tyerman, TYER (Celt.) Tiler [Corn, tyor, a tiler; f. ty, q.v. to coverj TYRRELL, v. Tirrell. (Fr. TYERMAN + Eng.) Tireman ; Dress- Henry Tyre). Hund. Rolls.

Dealer ; Costumier ; Head-Dresser TYRWHITT, V. [tire, tyer, is for the M.E. atir, atyr{e, attire, Trewhitt.

dress, head-dress ; f. atiren, atyren, to TYSON I = Tyas's Son : v. Tyas. attire, adorn, O.Fr. atirier, to adorn] 2 for Dyson, q.v. Tireman, a dealer in ornamental

clothing . . . Tirewoman, a milliner. TYTE, V. Tite, Titus. T. Wright, Prov. Diet., p. 965. TYTHERINGTON, v. Titherington.

TYERS, Tver's (Son) : v. Tyer. TYTHERLEIGH, v. Titherleigh. TYG v. Tighe, MacTighe. TYTLER (Eng.) Tatler [M.E. titeler, f. titelen, TYG ^^ I titeren, to tattle ; conn, with Low Ger. TYHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Tye-Wood tateln, to tattle] Of alle tale-telleris [v. under Tye, and -|- M.E. hurst, O.E.

And . . . — hyrst, a wood] titeleris Piers Plowman, 14523-4. TYLDESLEY = Tildesley, q.v. TYZACK (Fr.) Bel. to Tizac (Gironde) = TYLEE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at a Tile-field or (prob.) Titius's Estate [M.Lat. *Titi- TYLEY J Brick-field [O.E. tigel leak] acum—dc-um, the Lat.-Gaul. possess, suff.] u

UBANK (Eng.) Dweller at the Yew-Bank There are a Yewdale near Coniston [O.E. see iw; and under Banl<] Water and a Udale Beck flowing into the UCHTRED, V. Ughtred. Lune. = nnil"^ 1 (Eng-) Bel. to Udale or Yewdale UDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Yew-Valley "'^ Yew-Valley [O.E. iw + dal] [O.E, iw denu] UDELL J + — —

246 Udy Umpleby

UDY (Teut.) 1 6th cent. Udie, the Domesday Both Vlgar and Ulger occur as sur- Udi [app. f. a var. of O.N. awS-r = O.Sax. names in the Hundred-Rolls. dd (= O.E. edd), prosperity, riches, luck] ULUATHORN(E 1 (Scand.) Bel. to UUathorne Uda occurs as the name of a monk in UULITHORN(E f (Westmd.), i6th cent, same the 'Liber Vitae Dunelm.' ; and Udd is spelling = (prob., with intrus. -a-) Ulf-r's found in England in the eighth cent. The Thorn-Tree [O.N. Alf-r, wolf -|- ^om, Continental forms preclude a derivation f. thorn- tree] O. Wei. udd, a 'chief, 'lord'. Ulthwaite, Westmd., was Ulvethewayt UFF (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Uf{f)a [f. O.E. «/, m. A.D. 1301. (= Svved. uf), owl] ULLMER (Teut.) i for the O.N. Ulfmcerr = (Scand.) an assim. form of the O.N. 1 ULMAR I A.-Sax. Wulfmar, i.e. Wolf- Ulf-r = O.E. Wulf. ULMER J Famed [O.N. mcerr = O.E. mcere, famous, glorious] UFFINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to UfSngton : i the A.-Sax. *Uffingatun = the Estate of the 2 the O.l'eut. Ulmar, Ulmer = Owl- Uffa Family [v. under UfT, and + O.E. Famed [O.H.Ger. ula, uwila = O.E. lile -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, (Dut. uil), owl + O.H.Ger. and O.Sax. estate, etc.] mdri = O.E. metre, famous, etc.] 2 the A.-Sax. C/^a«fMK = UffA 's Estate Ulmer and Ulfmer (common) are the \Uffan-, genit. of Uffa; and -|- O.E. tuti] Domesday- Bk. forms. The Berks Uffington occurs as Uffentiin ULLOCK (Scand.) Bel. to UUock' (Cumb.), (for Uffantun) c. a.d. 930 ; and an Uffentiin repr. the occurs in a loth-cent. Durham charter 13th cent. Uhelayk, Ulvelaik, pers. name = Wolf-Sport ('Cart. Sax.' no. 685). O.N. Ulfleik-r [O.N. leik-r = O.E. Idc, sport, contest],

UFFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Ufford (Northants : with a local suff. lost : the form Ullayk anc. Ufforde; Suff.: 13th cent. Ufford), mire [O.N. myr-r, a bog, moor], in fact, A.-Sax. *Uffa{n)ford = Uffa's Ford occurs a.d. 1285. \Uffan-, genit. of TJffa (v. under Uff) ; (Scand.) the O.N. (mod. Norw. and + O.E. ford] ULPH Ulf-r Ulf Ulv) = Wolf. The Uffawyr^ [O.E. wyr^, worlS, estate] of a Northants charter dated a.d. 948 prob. ULVERSTON (Scand.) Bel. to Ulverston (N. relates to the same proprietor who is Lane), 13th cent. Ulveston, a.d. 1196 connoted in the Ufford nr. Stamford. Olveston = Ulf-r's Homestead [see under Ulph; and -1- O.N. «ZOT)«6«,J7»/owJ! (which Spear [O.N. geirr = O.E. gar, a spear] is usually said to be Anlaby) ='*Hunleif's —— —

847 Uncles Upton

Estate [the pers. name corresponds to UPCHER, V. Upsher. the A.-Sax. Hunldf, and is a compd. of (Eng.) Bel. to Upchurch ; or Hun-, the ethnic name, and O.N. leif = UPCHURCH

: Dweller at the Upper or High Church O.E. Idf, relic, heritage 1- O.N. by-r, farm, estate] [O.E. Up + cirice] Upchurch, Kent, was Upcherche in the UNCLES 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Uncle's (Son) [M.E. 13th cent. UNKLESj MMcte, tinkle; Fr. onde; Lat. avun- cul-us\ UPCOTT (Eng.) Bel. toUpcott, I3th-I4thcent. Uppecot{e, Upcote; or Dweller at the Upper UNDERDOWN (Eng.) Dweller Under the or High Cottage [O.E. Up + coi\ Down or Hill [O.E. under; dun, dat. dune'] This is a West. Eng., esp. Devonshire, Richard Underdoune. Testa de Nevill. name. (Eng.) Dweller Under the UNDERHAY UPCRAFT (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or Hedge or Hedged Enclosure [O.E. High Croft [O.E. up ; and see Craft] under ; and v. Hay] UNDERHILL (Eng.) Dweller Under the Hill UPFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or [O.E. under; hyll] High Field [O.E. up + feld]

William Underhiil.—ffM«d. Rolls. UPFILL for Upfield.

UNDERWOOD (Eng.) Dweller Under the UPFOLD (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or High Fold [O.E. up fal(o)d, a fold, pen, stall] Wood [O.E. under ; wudu, dat. wuda] + John Underwode. UPHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Upham (Hants, Wilts, Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. etc.), 13th cent. Upham; or Dweller at the Adam Undirwode. Upper Enclosure or Dwelling [O.E. Vale Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1280. up -\- ham(m] (Eng.) Bel. to Uphill, 13th cent. UNDRELLfor Underhill, q.v. UPHILL Uppehull, Uppehill; or Dweller at the UNETT, i6th cent. Unet, is app. the O.Scand. High or Lofty Hill [O.E. tip + hyll\ pers. name Une [prob. f. O.N. una, to be (Celt. Heb.) a corrupt form of happy] with the Fr. dim. suff. -et. UPJOHN -I- the Wei. Ap-John = Son of John, q.v. UNSWORTH (Scand. + E.) Bel. to Unsworth [Wei. ap, ab, son (of] (Lauc.) = Unn's Farm or Estate UPPERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Upperton ; or [Undeswortk is the form in 1322 ('Extent Dweller at the Upper or Higher Farm- Manor, Mchstr.'), but the is -prob. the d stead or Village [cp. Upton] common post-n intrusion, and the pers. name the O.Scand. Unn-r (mod. Unn and There are an Upperton in Sussex and an Upper Town in Cumberland. Und), f. O.N. unna, to love : h O.E. KiortS, farm, etc.] UPRICHARD (Celt. + Teut.) a corrupt form

This name is occ. for H unsworth, q.v. of the Wei. Ap-Richard : v. Pritchard.

UNTHANK (Eng.) Bel. to Unthank (a fairly UPRIGHT (Eng.) Upright, Erect [M.E. O.E. common Eng. place-name), 14th cent. apriht] Unthank, 13th cent. Unthanc, denoting land UPSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Upsall' (N. Yorks), settled upon 'without leave' of the lord of 13th cent. Upsal(e, Domesday Upesale, the manor [O.E. un\anc, displeasure, ill- Upsale = the Upper or High Hall [O.E. will, in the genit. case signifying 'against up -\- sat]

one's will', 'without leave' ; as clearly UPSHER "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Upshire (Essex) = shown, e.g., in the A.-Saxon Chronicle, UPSHIRE the Upper or High District or A.D. 901, where one MS. has "blitan |)Bes J Parish [O.E. Ap scir] cyninges I6afe" (without the King's leave) + and another "faes cynges unjiances''] UPSON, a syncopated form of Upstone, q.v.

UNWIN (Eng.) I the 13th cent. Unwine, 12th UPSTONE (Eng.) Dweller at the Upper or cent. Unwin-us [evid. the A.-Sax. unwine, High Stone or Rock, or Stone Castle enemy; lit. 'not a friend' — ««-, negative [O.E. up + stdn] prefix, and wine, friend = O.N. uvin-r] UPTON (Eng.) Bel. to Upton (acommon Eng. (rarely) 2 the A.-Sax. Unwene ('fseder place-name), 13th cent. Upton, A.-Sax. Unwenes'.— WfdsfS, 230) [O.E. unwene, Uptiin = the Upper or High Farmstead unexpected — un-, negative prefix] or Village [O.E. up -\- t4n] — —

348 upward Utrickson

UPWARD for Upwood, q.v. from the reference to the Inverness Urquhart in Adamnan's Life of St.

(Eng,) Bel. to ; or UPWOOD Upwood Dweller Columba (III. xiv.) as Airchartan (with at the Upper or High Wood [O.E. tip + -dn dim. suff.) [prob. Gael, and Ir. air, on, wudu] at -f the asp. form oi cart (Lat. guart-us), Upwood, Hunts, was in the Upwode a quarter, fourth part : cp. the Cartron 13th cent., Upwude (a dat. form) in a loth (Fr. quarteron, a fourth part), 'a quarter of cent. Latin charter. land', of Irish place-nomenclature ; and Eng. farthing (O.E. fedr^ung, a fourth URAN, see the commoner form Urian. part), 'a division of land', also found in URBAN (A.-Lat.) Urbane [Lat. Urban-us, place-names] belonging to a city (urbs\ URRY (Teut.) an assim. form of the Domesday representing URCY 1 (Fr.) One from Urcy, Urjay (France), Ulric, Uluric, the O.N. form, Ulfrik-r, of the common A.-Sax. Wulfric URSY J the M.Lat. Ursiacum = i\\e Estate of Ursus [the pers. name is Lat. ursus, a = Wolf-Powerful.

bear ; the suff. is the Lat. -Gaul, possess. Simon Urri. Hund. Rolls. -dc-um\ (Celt.) Bel. to Urray (Ross& Cromarty), 16th cent. Urray, Uurray [prob. the first (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Ure [O.Celt. URE element is the river-name Ure (v. Ure), fresh, ar, pure] and the second for Gael, achadh, a field]

UREN (Scand.) a nickname: Impure, Un- URSWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Urswick (Lane), chaste [Dan.-Norw. uren — «, negative 13th cent. Urswyk, Urswyke, Ursewik, + ren, pure, etc.] Urswic =IJrsa.'s Place [O.E. wic, a place: the pers. name is prob. f. O.E. yrsian, to URIAN forms (Urien, esp., being Welsh) of 1 be angry] URIEN [ the Lat. Uranius, Uranus, Gr. Oipavds = the [f. URION J Heavenly One Gr. oipa,v6s, URWICK, a weak form of Urswick, q.v. heaven] URWIN for Irwin, q.v. Owain mab Urien. Mabinogion, etc. Urien, Rhydderch, and others, who URY, V. Urry. warred with Hussa, king of Bernicia from for q.v. 567 to 574, figure very conspicuously in USBORN(E Osborn(e, old Welsh poetry.— USHER "1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Doorkeeper [M.E. Rhys, Celt. Brit. (ed. 1908), p. 145. USSHZR ] uschere, uss{h)er, O.Fr. ussier (Fr. John fil. Vnan.—Hund. Rolls. huissier), Lat. ostiarius, doorkeeper]

URIDGE (Eng.) Bel. toUridge (ace. to Lower The iisshers and the squiers been y-goun a Sussex name occurring as Eweregge in [gone].—Chaucer, Cant. Tales, F 293. the 14th cent.) = the Ewe-Ridge [O.E. USHERWOOD, V. Isherwood. ho{e -f hrycg\ USK (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Usk, anc. Isca uRLmG}f°'-"'"^'"-q- [O.Celt, use- (c as k), as in O.Ir. usee, uisce, mod. Ir. uisge, Gael. uisg{e = Wei. wysg, URLWIN (Eng.) the 13th - cent. Urlewyn,, water, stream] Domesday Urlewine, A.-Sax. Eorlwine = Earl-Friend [O.E. eorl, nobleman, chief, UTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Utley (Yorks), the Utelai, A.-Sax. *Ut{t)an-ledh = earl -f wine, friend] Domesday Ut(t)a's Lea [the pers. name Ut{t)a URMSON I for Urmston, q.v. {Utta was the name of a priest—abbot of Gateshead mentioned more than once 2 for Orm(e)8oni q.v. — in Beda's 'Hist. Eccl.') is prob. f. O.E. URMSTON (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Urmston ylan (base iit, out), to expel, banish] (Lane), I3th-i4th cent. Urmeston = \3rm's I cannot trace that there has been any Estate or Farmstead [the genit. of Urm, confusion with Otley. the Anglicized form of O.N. Orm-r (v. Opm(e) -f O.E. tun, farm, etc.] UTRICK (Eng.) a North-eastern descendant of the A.-Sax. pers. name U\>elric, Oe^elric (Celt.) Bel. to Urquhart, fairly URQUHART a [f. O.E. oe^el, country, native land, home-f- common Scot, place - name, occurring ricla, ruler] 1 2th- 14th cent, as Urchard; but we get

the real clue to the meaning of the name UTRICKSON, Utrtck's Son : v. Utrick. ——— ; ;

249 Uttermare Vass

UTTERMARE HA.-Fr.-Lat.) for the French UTTING (Eng.) the I3th-i4th cent. Uttyng, UTTERMERE S d'Oulremer = From Beyond Utting, A.-Sax. Utting, Uting = Ut(t)a's THE Sea(s (Across the Channel) [Fr. Son [v. under Utiey, and + the O.E. fil. outre, O.Fr. oltre, Lat. ultra, beyond + Fr. suff. -ing'\ mer, Lat. mare, sea] UTTLEY, V. UtIey.

UTTERSON I Ughtred's Son : v. Ughtred. 2 for Utrickson, q.v. UWINpV. Ewin.

VAC HER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Cowherd, Cowman Cp. Fann(e.

[Fr. vacher ; f. vache, Lat. vacca, a cow] VANCE for Vannes or Vans, pi. of Van(n, q.v. Simon le Vacher. Hund. Rolls- VANDERBILT (Dut.) Of the Heap: v. the VAGG.v. Wagg. Appendix of Foreign Names.

VAHEY 1 (Celt.) for the Irish Mac an Bheatha VANNER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Winnower [M.E. van-

as [Ir. ner(e (cp. Fr. : v. VAHY ) [bh u ; M as K) mac, son + an, vanneur) Van(n, and-f the of the + the genit. of beatha, life] E. agent, suff. -er, earlier -ere\ VAIL Sporadically this name may be for the VAILE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller in a Vale [M.E. Fr. vannier, 'basket-maker' [f Fr. van, VAILL val{e, Fr. val, Lat. vall-is, valley] winnowing-basket], Van{n)ier is a com- VALE mon French surname. Robert de la Vale. Cp. Fanner. Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 1292. VANSON seems to be a late name and to VAISEY 1 represent one of the Dutch Van- [Dut. van, , \ = Vasey, Vassey, q.v. VAIZEYJ of, from] names, combined with Eng. son.

VALENTINE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the YrenchValentin, VARDON 1 V^''''°"'„ ^ ^•^• m., Valentine, f., Lat. Valentin-us, -a [f. VARDEN 1 = Lat. valens, valentis, strong, healthy] VAREYI (A.-Fr.-Lat.) True [M.E. veray,

VALLANCE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Valence VARY J O.Fr. verai (Fr. vrai), Lat. *verac-us VALLENCE J (several in France) = the — ver-us, true]

Stronghold [Lat. Valentia ; i. valens, VARLEY (Fr.) Bel. to Verly (Picardy), a.d. valentis, strong] 1 197 Verli ('Dict.Topog.') [prob. repr. Lat. VALLENTIN virgulet-um, a thicket, copse] VALLENTINE^ V. Valentine. Hugo de 'VexW.—Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1184. VALLET(T (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Valet [M.E. vallet (Celt.) for ihelxxshMacanBhearshuiligh

Fr. valet, footman, valet, O.Fr. vaslet, dim. (bh AS V ; sh as K) = Son of the Sharp v. Spear (a nickname) [Ir. f vas(s)al: Vassal(l] mac, son -f- an, of the -f- the asp. form of bear, a spear, Adam le Vallet.— and the genit. of siiileach, sharp, prop, Close Rolls, A.D. 1311- 12. sharp-sighted] VALLIS (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the O.French Vallois, VARNEY = Verney, q.v. mod. Gallois = Welshman (also Wal- VARNHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Vernham (Hants), loon) [see under Walsh] ] VARNAM ^ 13th cent. r^^KMOT. If this 13th- (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Les) Vallois VARNUM J cent, form can be trusted the h (France) = the Vales [a pi. form f. Lat. in the name is intrusive, -um being the vallis, vale, valley] O.E. dat. pi. suff ; the name therefore In French directories the surname meaning At the Ferns [O.E. feamum, Vallois occurs with and without prefixed dat. pi. oifearn (=Dut. varen), fern]

de ; Desvallois also occurs. VARRlLLY, v. Varley (Celt.).

VAN 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller by theWiNNOW- VASEY, V. Vas8(e)y. VANN / ing-Fan [Fr. van, Lat. vann-us'\ Richard atte Vanne. VASS (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Servant, Vassal [Fr. Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 1292. Vasse, f. L.Lat. vass-us, a servant, vassal — ———— — —— —;

250 Vassal Venes(s

f. the Celt. : cp. O.Bret, uuas, mod. Bret. A frankeleyn was in his compaignye . . . guaz — Wei. and Corn, gwas, lad, youth, A shirreve hadde he been, and a coun- servant] tour [accountant]. nowher such a worthy Si alicujiisseniscalcus.qui servusest, et Was vavasour- Chaucer, dominus ejus xil vassosinira domum habet Cant. Tales, A 331, 359-60.

. . . ^-Lex Alamannorum, 79 : 3. VEACH = Veitch, q.v. Vasse le Poynur. Hund. Rolls. VEACO for Veacock, q.v. Cp. Wace. VEACOCK (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Vid(e)coq VASSAL (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Dependant, Ten- = Woodcock [O.N.Fr. videcoc, videcoq, etc. dial, a f. VASSALL ant, Subject ; orig. Servant (Norm. vico), woodcock ;

VASSEL [M.E. Fr. vassal, L.Lat vassal-is, Teut. : cp. O.E. wi{o)ducocc]

VASSELL f. L.Lat. vass-us : see under Vass] Le vannel, le videcocq, le merle, le The king, perceiving such his veine. coulon, et moult [many] d'autres oyseaux. Promotes his vassal still, —Modus, 1°95 v°; Godefroy. Lest that the basenesse of the man VEAL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Calf [M.E. veel, vel{e, Should lett [hinder], perhaps, his will. 1 VEALE etc., O.F. veel, viel (Fr. veau) ; Lat. 'Argentile and Curan', 71-4 : Percy's VEALL vitell-us, little call (a term of endear- Religues. VEALLE'' ment), dim. o\' vitul-us, bull-calf] VASSAR \ (A.-Fr.-Celt.) shortened forms (14th Roger le Vel.—Hund. Rolls. VASSER cent. Vausour) of Vavasour, q.v. J 2 for Viel(e, q.v. Vasseur is a common French surname.

VEALS, Veal's (Son) : v. Veal.

VASSEY 1 (Fr.) Bel. to Vassy (Calvados), 12th VA8SIE [cent. Vaacie,M.l.?A.*Vas{s)iacum = VEAREJ vere, q.v. VASSY ) (prob.) Wasi's, or Waso's, Estate [the pers. name is app. f. the O.H.Ger. VEARS, VEAR's(Son) : v. Vear, Vere. h)was (= O.E. hwas), keen (seen in VEARY = Verey, q.v. Gervas) ; the suff. being the common Lat.-Gaul. possess, -dc-uni] VEASEY \ VEAZEY Vessey, q.v. VAUGHAN\(Celt.) Little, Small [Wei.

VAUGHN I Vychan, mutation of bychan\ VEEVERS (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Viviers, a com- Rys Vychan. Brut y Tywysogion, A.D. mon French place-name = the Game or 1248, Fish Preserves, Parks, Warrens [pi. In I3th-cent. West.English records we of Fr. vivier (whence A.-Fr. vever, fishpond), f. Lat. vivere, to live] find the forms Vachan and Vaghan. Lat. vivari-um ; VEITCH (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vic(h, a common VAUS = VAUSE \ = Vaux, q.v. French place-name an Estate, Hamlet, Village [Lat. vlc-us\

VAUX (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vaux, a common VENABLES (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toVenables (Eure) French place-name = the Vales [Fr. prob. a form of Fr. vignobles = Vine- pi. vaux, oival, a vale, valley ; Lai. vall-is\ yards [f. Lat. vinea, vineyard : the orig.

Robert de Vaux. of -able is disputed ; it prob. represents little Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1 184-5. Lat. oppidul-um, town] de Venables occurs in the list of " Com- This surname was Latinized de Vallibus. pagnons de Guillaume k la conqugte de I'Angleterre en MLXVP' graven over the VAVASOUfJR I (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Under-Vassal main doorway (inside) of the old church VAVASSEU;URJR rA.-Fr.i[A.-Fr. vavassur, vavaso{u)r (Fr. ; at Dives, Calvados. f. vavasseur) ; L.Lat. vassus vassorum, William de Venables. Rolls. vassal of vassals : v. under Vass] Hund. Will'us le Vavassur. VENES(S] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Venice, Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1 187-8. VENIS \lta\.Venezia, l.at. Venetia [f. the Joh'es le Vavasor. VENUS J people-nameF««e

251 Venlmore Vernay

VENIMORE\ voiced forms of Fenemope, Bertram de Verdun. etc., Pipe-Rolls, A.D. 1161. VENMORE J Fenimore = Finnemore, q.v. VERE (A.-Fr.-Scand.) Bel. to Ver (Calvados, VENN, a voiced (West-Couxitry) form of Manche, Oise,- Eure-et-Loir) = the Fish- Fenn, q.v. ing-Station [O.N. ver'] John atte Venne. Ver, Calvados, occurs a.d. 1066 as Ver A.D. Soms. Subsidy-Roll, 1327. and Ver-um. "Annals of a Clerical Family See Henry deVeT.—Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274. Being some Account of the Family and Descendants of William Venn, Vicar of Hugo de Vere. A.D. 1289-go. Otterton, Devon, 1600-1621" (1904), by Charter-Rolls, John Venn, F.R S. VEREY (A-Fr.-Lat.) i True [M.E. veray, verray, etc., O.Fr. verai (Fr. vrai), Lat. VENNEL ] I Dweller by a Gutter or Ditch; *verac-us ver-us, true] VENNELL > or in an Alley [North. E. vennel, — VENNALlJ a gutter, sink; also Scot, venall, And lyke to ben [be] a verray gentil- an alley — M.Fr. venelle, a small street, man. alley f. Lat. a vein, watercourse] ; vena, Chaucer, Legende of Good Women, 1068. Isabel de la Venele. Hund. Rolls- 2 for Verp(e)y. q.v. Richard en le Venel.— do. VERGE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at the Virgate 2 voiced forms of Fennel(l, q.v. or Yardland [A.-Fr. verge ; f. Lat. virga, a rod] VENNER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Huntsman [A.-Fr. Richard de la Verge. veji{o)ur, veneur (Fr. veneur), Lat. venator, Close Rolls, A.D. 1275. hunter, sportsman]

Robert le Venur. Hund. Rolls. VERITY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Truth [Fr. Verity —

vMte, truth ; Lat. veritatem, ace. of Veritas'] William Venator.— do. VMt^.—Surnom d'homme sincere, v6ri- Thomas le Veneur. Fine-Rolls. dique, comme ceux de Leal, Liau, Leaut^, Cp. Grosvenor'. Loyau, Loyaut^, qui existent aussi. Larchey, Diet, Noms, (Eng.) a voiced (West-Country) form of des p. 486. Fenner, q.v. VERNER 1 (Fr.-Teut.) French forms of the VERNIER O.Teut. Warenher(i,Warinhar{i [v. VENNING, a voiced form of Fanning, q.v. J under Warin, and -|- O.Sax. O.H.Ger. VENOUR, v. Vennen. heri, hari = O.E. here = Goth. harji-s = O.N. herr, army]

VENTRIS(S I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) weak forms (owing William Verner. in this VENTERS J to the stress having Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1284. country fallen back to the first syllable) of Cp. Garnier'. the Norman (Orne) place-name La Vent- rouse = the Red Market-Hall [North. This pers. name occurs in the Doubs Fr. vente, a market (-hall), f. Lat. vendere, place-name Vernierfontaine.

to sell ; and see under Rous(e] VERNEYl (A.-Fr.-Ceh.) Bel. 10 Vernay or VENUS for Venes(s, q.v. VERNAY I Verney (France) = the Alder- VERD (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Green [Fr. Grove [L.Lat. vernet-um (-et-um, planta- tion suff.) ; f. Gaul, vem-os (Fr. ver(g)ne) = verd, green ; Lat. virid-is^ Wei. gwern-en = Bret, guem = Ir. and VERDIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) = Verd (q.v.) -1- the Gael, /earn (O.Ir. fern), alder-tree (feam- dim. suff. -in [Lat. -in-us^ ach, alder-grove] VERDON (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Verdon, Ver- Item, un petit verney assis au terroir de 1 Manopou. VERDUN ) dun, fairly common French place- names = the Green Hill (-Fort [the Charter, A.D. 1412 ; Ducange, s.v. Gaul. cogn. of Wei. gwyrdd = Corn, guirt 'veniiacum' [-i-acum was sometimes used (allied to Fr. vert, O.Fr. verd, Lat. virid-is), for -etum\ green -)- Gaul, dun-on (long a). Latinized In our I3th-cent. rolls we find the dun-um, hill, hill-fort] forms (with prefixed de) Verney, Vernay, Verdon. Marne, was Verdon A.u,. 1162 aniVernai. Vernay or Verney is naturally and Verdun a.d. 1222. Verdun, Meuse, not an uncommon place-name in France was the Lat.-Celt. Virodunum. but no doubt the chief source of the — —— —— —

252 Vernon Vicker

Anglo-French surname is St. Paul-de- VEY (Celt.) a contr. of Mac Vey, q.v. Vernay, Calvados, Normandy. (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Le Vey (Calvados, [Dial. VERNON (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Vernon Norm.) ; or Dweller at The Ford ford] (France) [the stem is that of Verney Fr. vey, vay (Fr. gu£), Lat. vad-um, a (Lat. (q.v.) : the suff. is either the dim. -on Calvados has also 'Le pont du Vay'. -i-on-em), or else it represents, as in some other cases, Lat. -i-an-utn] V|V|^/} = Vescy, q.v. de Vernon occurs on the mural list of "Compagnons de Guillaume k la Con- VIAL 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the French Fra/, a syn- quete de I'Angleterre en in Dives MLXVI" VIALL Icopated form of the saint-name Church ; and Vernoun figures in the so- VIALLEj Vital, Lat. Vitalis [Lat. vital-is, of called copies of the Roll of Battle Abbey. life, vital ; f. vita, life] William de Vernun. Vitalis de Engayne. Testa de Nevill. Patent Rolls, A.D. 1218-19. 2 for Viel(e, q.v. Vernon is a common French place- name, but the chief source of the A.-French VIALLS, VlALL's (Son) : v. Viall. surname is prob. Vernon, Eure, Normandy.

VIAN \ (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Bel. to Vienne (several VERRALL 1 (A.-Fr.) i the French Verel(le = VIANE in France) = the White Town. VERRELL True fO.Fr. wr-, Lat. ver-us, true J

VERRILL J -l-theFr.dim. suff. -f/, Lat. -e//-Mi] Vienna (Austria), i2lh cent. Wienna, the Lat.-Gaul. Vindohona [Gaul. 2 for the Freiich Veriet = a Pasturage was = O.Ir. (mod. Ir. and Gael. [North. Fr. veriel] uindo-s find flonn) = Wei. gwyn = Bret, guen, white, VERRER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) the French Verrier = in Gaul, \ fair : hona occurs frequently VERRIER (Glass-Maker [Lat. vitrari-us; f. place-names with the generally accepted vitr-um (Fr. verre), glass] meaning of 'habitation(s' (for app. mod. In our I3th-i4th cent, records the Celt, cognates see under Rathbone]. Is&re, was anc. Vienna. Vienne, forms (with prefixed Ic) are Verrer, Verrour \ Vienne, it is less often Verer. Calvados, was Viana A.D. 1198 ; and prob. this place with which we are more VERREY 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) 1 Bel. to Verrey, Verry, particularly concerned. VERRY Verrie, (forms of) Verrerie (France) J Joh'es de Vienna. = the Glass-works [Fr. f. verrerie ; verre, Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1315-16. Lat. vitr-um, glass] 2 for Verey, q.v. VICAR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Incumbent; orig. a Dep- uty or Substitute [Fr. vicaire, a vicar, VERT (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to (Le) Vert (a common curate ; Lat. vicari-us, a deputy] French place-name) = (The) Green [Fr. vert, Lat. virid-is, green] Nature, the vicaire of the almyghty Lord.—Chaucer, Pari, of Foules, 379- VERTUE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Virtue [Fr. vertu, Lat. v. virtutem, ace. of virtus, virtue, manly VICARS I (the) Vicar's (Son) : Vicar. excellence, valour, etc.] 2 Dweller at the Vicar's House. VERY I v, Verey. Peter atte Vicars. 2 for Verp(e)y, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. toVessey(Manche, VESEY vicary, VICARY "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Vicar [M.E. VESSEY J Norm. ; also Burgundy), prob. cor- VICAREY vicarie, etc. : v. under Vicar ; and responding to the South. Fr.Vissac, M.Lat. J cp. Fr. vicairie, curacy, vicarage] Vitiacum = the Estate of Vitius [the

Roman name Vitius, m., Vitia, (., is f. Lat. 'Sire Freest', quod he, 'artow [art thou] ?' I vita, life : -dc-um is the Lat.-Gaul. possess. a vicary —Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 22. suff] Of persons [parsons] and vycaryes Vescy. Richard de Hund. Rolls. They make many outcryes. John Vessy. Skelton, Colyn Cloute, S7^-3- Ing. ad q. Damn., tp. Hen. VL VICK (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vic or Vicq (a com- Apparently there has been no confusion mon French place-name) = the Village with Vassy. [Lat. vic-us^ VEVERS = Veevers, q.v. VICKER = Vicar, q.v. —— — — — ————

253 Vickerage Viney

The viker hadde fer hoom. VIGARS s (The vicar had far to go home). VIGERS I Piers Plowman, 13924. VIGGARS

etc. (Son) : v. Vigar, etc. VICKERAGE 1 (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Dweller, or Ser- ^'iqOrs^I-Vigar's,

VICKERIDGE f vant, at a Vicarage [v. under VIGOURS Vicar: the Fr. suff. -age is the Lat. -atic-us] VIGUERS VIGURS VICKERMAN (A.-Fr.-Lat. -|- Eng.) Vicar's VI LAIN "I (A.-Fr.-Lat.) orig. Farm-Servant, Man (-Servant) [v. under Vicar] VILLEIN J Peasant ; Serf \M..7...vileyn,vilein,

Robert le Vicarmon. villein, O.Fr. villain (mod. vilain) ; f. Fr. Vale Royal Ledger-Bk; c. A.D. 1334. ville, Lat. villa, country-estate, farm] WillelmusVikarman. Hugh le YWem.—Hund. Rolls. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Thus as he spoke, loe with outragious cry VICKERS = Vicars, q.v. A thousand villeins rownd about them swarmd. Spenser, Faerie Queene, IL ix. 13. VICKERSON, (the) Vicar's Son : v. Vicar. VILLIERS (Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Villiers (Nor- VICKERY = Vicary, q.v. = the [L.Lat. villarius mandy) Hamlet ;

f. Lat. villa, country-house, farm] VICKESS for Vicars, q.v. Les villaria, petits villages ou hameaux, etaient composes de dix a douze feux, ou VICKRESS, (the) Vicary's (Son) : v. Vicary. families.—Cocheris, Noms de Lieu, p. 84. As might be expected, Villiers is one of VICKRIDGE, V. Vicl

VICTOR (A.-Lat.) Conqueror [Lat. victor] VI N AL 1 (app. A.-Fr.-Lat. -1- E.) Bel. to Vine- VINALLJ Hall (Sussex), form. Vynehall. VIDDLER 1 voiced or West-Country forms of

VIDLER JFidler. VINCE I a dim. of Vincent, q.v.

2 Vinn's (Son) : v. Vinn, Vincent. VI EL (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Old [A.-Fr. viel(e, etc., I VIELE O.Fr. vieil(s, etc. (FT.vieil,vieux}, old VINCENT (A.-Fr..Lat.) Conquering [Fr. J ; f. Lat. vetul-us, oldish] Vincent, Lat. Vincentius ; vincens, -entis, pres. part, of to conquer] 2 for Vial, q.v. vincere, Roger Vincent. Hund. Rolls. 3 for Veal(e, q.v. VINCETT, an assim. form of q.v. VIGAR Vincent, VIGER VINE (A.-rr.-Lat.) Dweller at a Vine or Vine- VIGGAR (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i Vigour [M.E. vigor, [Fr. a vine, ; O.Fr. vigo{u)r (Fr. vigueur), Lat. yard vigne, vineyard Lat. VIGGOR vinea, vineyard] VIGOR vigor, force] VIGUR VINER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Vine-Grower, Vine- Dresser [M.E. viner, 2 for the French Viguier = Provost vyner, vyn{o)ur = (q.v.) -1- the agent, suff. etc. (in Vine -er, : cp. Languedoc, Provence) [Fr. viguier ; Lat. vinitor, vine-dresser] Lat. vicari-us, a deputy] William le Viner. Patent Rolls. Viguier.—Mot qui ne se dit qu'en Lan- guedoc et en Provence. Ilsignifie lejuge Symon le Vynur. Hund. Rolls. qu' on apelle Prevdt dans les autres pro- The modern Ft. vigner-on, 'vine-grower', vinces de France. Les Dues ou les Comtes is commoner as a surname in France than de la premiere race des Rois Franyois Vignier. avoient des viguiers, ou des Lieutenans qui rendoient justice en leur absence. VINES, pi., and genit., of Vine, q.v. Diet, de Richelet (1680), ii. 530. VINEY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vigny, Vignay In France, Viguier is a much commoner (France) ; or Dweller at the Vineyard surname than Vigueur. [Lat. vinet-um (in Late Lat. the form 3 voiced (West - Country) forms of viniacumoilen occurs i-dc-um replacing Vicar, q.v. the 'plantation' suff. -et-um), vineyard] — —

254 Vining Vokin

"1 (Eng.) West-Country surname VINING 1 prob. labio-dentalized forms VIVASH a said (with great probability) to VINNING / (through Fr.) of Winning, q.v. VIVEASH I represent Five Ashes (Trees) [O.E. fif, VINN, a dim. of Vincent, q.v. five ; asc, ash-tree] Cp. the Devonshire place-name 'Five VINRACE is prob. for Vineress, a fern, form Oaks'.

of Vinep (q.v.) : cp. Fr. vigneronne, 'female VIVIAN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Lifeful [Fr. Vivien, vine-grower'. Vivian, Lat. Vivian-us ; f. Lat. viv-us, The 'Genealogy of Vinyace', by Mr. Den- living, lively] nis Vinrace, is of too modern a character Vivian, occ. found as Vivien, is a fairly to be of use to the philologist. common name in our I3th-i6th cent, VINSONN| records ; e.g., in the same Lane. Assize- VINSU Nj ViNN's Son : v. Vinn, Vincent. Roll of A.D. 1246 we find both forms of the name. VINTER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Vintner [M.E. vineter, VIZARD (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a French form of the O.Fr. f. Lat. vineyard] vinetier ; vinet-um, O.Teut.H'/iAarrf= Wisely or Prudently William !e Vineter. Hund. Rolls. Brave [O.Teut. wis, wise, prudent + hard (O.E. h(e)ard), hard, brave] (A.-Fr.-Lat.) i the flicwer-name VIOLET \ ; Wisheard was the name of an A.-Sax. also complexion-nickname; perh. VIOLETT J a ealdorman who witnessed a charter, dated also a dress-nickname [Fr. violet, violet- A.D. 809, of Coenwulf, king of the Mercians coloured, violette, the violet ; dim. f. Lat. and Kent. viola, violet] VIZE = Vyse, q.v. 2 Dweller at a Path [Dial. Fr. violet,

f. ol dim. of viol, a path ; prob. a dim. Lat. VIZER (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Observer ; Overlooker via, a way] [Fr. viseur ; f. viser, to observe, aim — Lat. Violot is a Haute-Marne place-name. visere, to observe] VIPAN John le Visur. Hund. Rolls. VIPON for Vipont, q.v. VOAK voiced or West-Country forms of VIPOND \ VOAKE I Foake or Fowke (Fouike), q.v.

VIPONT (A.-Fr.-Lat.) One from Vieuxpont VOAS (Teut.) Anglicized forms of the Dut. (Normandy) = the Old Bridge- [Fr. ] VOCE \ and Low Ger. Vos (Fox), q.v. in the vieux, O.Fr. vie{i)ls, Lat. vetulus — vetus, VOSE J Appendix of Foreign Names. oXd.+'Pr.pont, Lat. pons, pontis, a bridge] (Celt.) Bald [a mutated farm of Wei. This surname was Latinized de Veteri VOEL : cp. Wei. as v), Ponte. tnoel, bald pen-foel (J bald-headed]

There is a Vieuxpont in Calvados ; and another in Orne. VOGEL (Ger.) Fowl: v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. VIRGIN (A.-Fr.-Lat.) surnames prob. derived "I VIRGO Ifrom residence by a mediaeval im- VOGLER (Ger.) Fowler: v. the Appendix of VIRGOEJ age of the Virgin [O.Fr. virgine Foreign Names.

(Fr. vierge) ; Lat. virgo, -inis, a maiden]

VOGT (Ger.) Overseer ; Bailiff ; Provost : VISICK, a West. Eng. form of Fishwick, q.v. V. the Appendix of Foreign Names.

VITTERY (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Vitry (a com- VOISEY (Fr.) Bel. to Voisey (Haute-Marne), mon French place-name) = the Glass- A.D. 1162 Voisie [sufl. early forms upon works [cp. Fr. vitrerie, the mod. meaning which to come to a definite etymol. con-

of which is 'glaziery', 'glazier'^ woik' ; f. clusion are not forthcoming : phonetically vitre, Lat. vitr-iim. glass (cp. Lat. vitrari-us, Lat. visc-um, mistletoe, with the planta- glass-maker] tion- suff. -et-um, would suit]

VITTY (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Vitt^; prob. VOKES, a voiced (West-Country) form of f. the O.L.Ger. wit(t)ig = WiSE [O.Sax. Foakes = Foulkes, q.v. wit{t)ig=O.E. wit^ig,wise = Scana. vittig, VOKIN, a form of witty ; and cp. O.E. ivltega, wise man, Voak (q.v.) with the A.-Fr. prophet] dim. suff. -in. Cp. Witty. The French form is Fouquin. — — — — :

255 Vokins Waddon

VOKINS,VoKm's(Son). VOYCE (Fr.) Bel. to Voise (Eure-et-Loir), 13th cent. Voisia [O.Fr. voyse, voise, a road] VOLLER, a form of Vowlep = Fowlep, q.v. VOSS (Teut.) an Anglicized form of the Dut. VOYLE, a form of Fr. vieil=OiJ> : cp. Viel(e. and Low Ger. Vos (Fox). The French surname Voillard is con- VOULES, V. Vowles. sidered to be a form of Fr. vieillard, 'old man'. VOWELL"! (Eng.) voiced (West-Country) VOWLE forms of Fowell, Fowie, q.v. J VOYSEY = Voisey, q.v. (Celt.) for Voel, q.v. VOWLER, a voiced (West-Country) form of VYNER = Vinep, q.v. Fowlep, q.v. VYSE (M.Lat.) Bel. to Vyse or Vise, an old VOWLES, Vowle's (Son) : v. Vowle. contr. of Devizes = the Marches [Devi- VOX, a voiced (West-Country) form of Fox, zes was Diviste tp. Hen. I ; f. Lat. divisus, q.v. a division] John Vox. = Vivian, q.v. Sonts. Subsidy-Roll, A.D, 1327. VYVyTn} w

WACE (A.-Fr.-Celt.) Servant, Vassal [Fr. WADDELL \ (Eng.) i Dweller at Wada's Hill Wace, i. L.Lat. uass-us, uas-us, a servant; f. WADDLE ] [M.E. Wadhull{e, A.-Sax. *Wad-

Celt. : cp. O.Bret, uuas, mod. Bret, guaz anhyll — Wadan- geuit. of Wada : v. under = Wei. & Corn, gwas, a youth, servant] Wade'] Robert de Wadhulle.— Geoffrey Wace. Hund. Soils. Hund. Rolls (Beds). Wacius fil. Huberti.— do. 2 the Domesday Wadel, A.-Sax. Wadel (Teut.) there has been interchanging [v. under Wade', and-f- the E. dim. suff. -el\ with Wass', q.v. 3 a nickname for one who waddles [E. Cp. Vass. waddle, freq. of wade, O.E. wadan, to go]

WACKER (Teut.) Watchful, Alert [O.E. WADDEN for Waddon, q v. wacor, wcec{c)er, etc. = Dut. wakker = Ger. WADDIE 1 (Eng.) a form of the A.-Sax. pers. wacker, O.H.Ger. wackar = O.N. vakr, WADDY name Wada, with later E. dim. suff. watchful, alert (Dan.-Norw. vakker, vigo- J -y. rous, valiant, noble] -ie, Cp. Wadey. The A.-Sax. form of the pers. name was Wacer. WADDILOVE (Eng.) for Wade-in-Love (a nickname) [O.E. wadan, to go, advance, Wacker (i) Active : "He's a wacker little wade; /«/«, love] chap." (2) Angry.—Diet-Kent. Dial., p. 183. Henry Wadeinlove. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. WACKETT (Teut. + Fr.) Watchful, Alert Adam Wadinlof. [f. the Teut. root *wak, watchful, etc. Yorks (seen in 'Hereward the Wake') + the Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. A.-Fr. dim. suff. et'\ WADDINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Waddington

(Yorks : 14th cent. Waket occurs several times as a sur- Wadyngton ; Lines), name in the i3tli-cent. Hundred-Rolls. A.-Sax. *Wadinga-lun = the Estate of THE Wada Family [v. under Wade', and -inga, genit. pi. of fil. WADDACOR^ (Eng.) Bel. to Weddicar or -I- the suff. -ing -f- WADDAKER Weddiker (Cumb.), I3tli-i4th tiin, estate, etc.] WADDECAR cent. Wedakre, Wedacre = the WADDLE: v.Waddell. > Field [O.E. wedd, a WADDICAR Weedy WADDON (Eng.) Bel. to Waddon (Surrey weed -I- cEcer, a field] 14th cent. Waddon ; Dorset, etc. : 13th In lyth-cent. Lane, and Chesh. records cent. Waddon) [O.E. dun, a hill: the the forms Waddaker, Waddicar, Wadiker, first element is prob. the A.-Sax. pers. and Wediker occur. name Wada\ — — —

256 Waddrupp Wagener

A Waddiin is mentioned in the famous WADSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wadsworth will (c. A.D. 1002) of Wulfric SpoT, founder (Yorks), 14th cent. Waddesworth, Domes- of Burton Abbey. day Wadeswrde = Wade's Estate [v. Wade', and -1- O.E. wor^, estate, etc.] WADDRUP(P for Wardrobe, q.v. WADWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wadworth WADE (Eng.) i Dweller at a Ford [O.E. (Yorks), 14th cent.Waddeworth, Domesday ge)wad = O.N. udS, a lord] Wadewrde = Wade'S or Wada's Estate Will' de Wade.— [v. Wade', and -|- O.E. wor^, estate, etc.] Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 199-1200. WAFER, meton. for Waferer, q.v. Henry de la Wade. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. WAFERER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Wafer - Cake Maker or Seller [M.E. wafrer{e, waferer 2 the common A.-Sax. pers. namelVada, ; occ. Wade [f. O.E. wadan, to go, advance] f. (with agent, suff. -er) M.E, A.-Fr. wafre, O.Fr. waufre (Fr. gaufre), a, wafer; of Wada [wefild] Hselsingura Teut. orig. : cp. Dut. & Low Ger. wafel, (Wflrfe [ruled] the Hselsings). a wafer] Widsie (The Traveller), 1. 46. Waferers (male and female) apparently Wada was the name of one of the went from house to house with their ealdormen concerned in the murder of the wares and were evidently employed to Northumbrian king ./Ethelred towards the deliver private messages, often making close of the eighth century. assignations, in the course of their calling, Andrew Wade. Hund. Rolls. as appears from Chaucer's "baudes, wafereres" ('Cant. Tales' C 479) and the (Eng.), occurring temp. Edw. I. in WADER reference to wafer-women in Beaumont Yorkshire as (as an le waider, wayder and Fletcher's 'Woman-Hater'. occupation), seems to have denoted a wading fisherman [f. O.E. wadan, to go, WAG DEN 1 (Eng.) Dweller at (prob.) the wade] WAG DIN /Soft or Wet Valley [O.E. wdc, WADESON, Wade's Son : v. Wade'. -)- soft denu, valley : the c of wdc has been voiced to g in the surname under the WADEY = Wade' (q.v.)+the E. dim. suff. -y. influence of the following voiced letter d] WAD HAM (Eng). Dweller at (prob.) Wada'S WAGER"! (Teut.) 14th cent. (Yorks) Wagur Home [v. under Wade', and+O.E. hdm, = home, estate] WAGURj = Weigher [cp. Swed. wdgre Dut. weger= Ger. wager, weigher ; f. O.N. This surname occurs as Waddeham in uega = Dut. wegen = Ger. wdgen = O.E. 1522. wegan, to carry, weigh]

WADKIN I = Wade' (q.v.) + the E. (double) WAGG (Scand.) i a nickname [f. M.E. waggen, dim. suff. -kin [O.L.Teut. -k-in\ O.N. uaga (whence Swed. wagga) = O.E. 2 for Watkin, q.v. wagian, to wag, shake, waddle] Wagge occurs as a surname in the WAt)LEIGH \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wadley = (prob.) Yorks and Lines Hundred-Rolls. WADLEY J Wada's Lea [v. under Wade', and + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley, etc.] 2 Dweller at a Wall [M.E. waggle There is a Wadley in Berks, and a (with the medial vowel prob. influenced 'Hugh de Wadele' occurs in the Norfolk by 'wall' and O.E. wdh), O.N. uegg-r, Hundred-Rolls. whence Swed. wdgg, Dan.-Norw. vceg = M.Dut. weegh = O.E. wdg, wdh, a wall] (Eng.) Bel. to Wadlow = Wada's WADLOW Cp. Waugh. Hill or Tumulus [In a Latin charter of Caedwalla, king of Wessex, dated A.D. WAGG EN ER (Teut.) Wagoner [a comp. 680 ('Cart. Sax', no. we find ] 50), Uuadan WAGGONER I late formation (with E. agent. hlceu, for A.-Sax. Wadan hldew — Wadan- WAGENER J sufi. -er) on Dut. wagen, a genit. of Wada (v. Wade') -1- O.E. hlikw, wagon] mound, etc. ; and Wadelow occurs in a In 'Titus Andronicus', V. ii. 48, waggoner Charter-Roll, a.d. 1322-3, relating to Beds. is used in the sense of 'charioteer'. WADMAN (Eng.) Wad's or Wade's Man Bardsley pertinently notes that 'James (-Servant) [v. Wade', and -1- E. man] Waggoner' was baptized at the Dutch WADROPl Church, London, in 1610. , i for Wardrobe, q.v. WADRUP. Cp. Wainer. — ; — —— :

257 Waggett Wakley

fortune he [Sir Gareth] WAGGETT 1 = Wagg' (q.v.) + the A.-Fr. Atte laste by ther heard the dim. sufl. -et. cam to a castel, and he wattes uppon the' walles. 2 a voiced form of Waokett, q.v. Morte dArthur, VII. xxx. WAGHORN UScand. or Scand. + E.) a The corresponding mod. French sur- for a Hornblower Lille, I'agent de police WAG HORN E I nickname name is Guet. "A or Trumpeter [see under Wagg', and + est appelg guet." O.Scand. and O.E. horn] v. WAITES, the Waite's (Son) : Wait(e. John Waghorne.— Close Rolls, A.D. 1393-4. WAITHMAN (Eng. and Scand.) Hunter,

Huntsman [Scot, and N.E. : O.E. wd'S- WAGNER (Ger.) Wagoner : v. the Appendix O.N. ueiS-r, the chase, hunting -1- manti] of Foreign Names ; and cp. Wainep. The cognate German surname is WAG SPEAR (Scand. or Scand. E.) a nick- Weidmann. + , , name synonymous with Shakespear(e, q.v. [see under Wagg', and + O.N. spior WAKE(Eng.)WATCHFUL,ALERT[f.O.E.a)a«a«, eogn. — O.E, spere, a spear] ivcBc{c)an, to be awake, keep watch ; with O.N. uakr, watchful]

"1 (Scand. or Scand. E.) a WAGSTAFF -i- Thomas le Wake. nickname for a wand^bearing WAGSTAFFE J Plac. de quo Warr., A.D. 129 1-2. official, as a Beaple [see under Wagg', and + O.N. staf-r = O.E. staf, a staff] WAKEFIELD (Eng.)vBel. to Wakefield (Yorks Walter Waggestaf.—/f«Brf. Rolls. 14th cent. Waykfeld, Wakfeld, 13th cent. Wakefeld, Domesday Wachefeld (cAas k) WAIDE = Wade, q.v. =the Soft or Wet Plain or Field. [O.E. wdc, soft(=Dut. iwojtand O.N. uok-r, WAIDSON = Wadeson, q.v. moist, damp) -|- feli]

WAIGHT I for Wait, q.v. WAKEFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the Watch or 3 conf. with Wight, q.v. Guard Ford [O.E. wacu (as in niktwacu, night-watch) + ford\ WAILES = Wales, q.v. WAKEHAM (Eng.) Bel.' to Wakeham ; or WAI Dweller at or by the Watch-House [v. vt- \ (Eng.) I melon, for Wainman, q.v. WAI under Wakeford, and + O.E. ham, a house, dwelling] 2 a name f. the trade-sign of a Wagon [O.E. wffi(ff)«] or WAKELEY I (Eng.) Bel. to Wakeley; at the Soft or WAINER (Eng.) Wagoner, Carter [O.E. WAKELY J Dweller Wet w

WAISTELL = Wastell, q.v. WAKER (Eng.) Watchful, Alert [M.E. waker, O.E. wcecer, wacorj (A.-Fr.-Teut.) WAIT 1 Watchman [M.E. The waker goos.^ WAITE wayte, &c., O.Fr. waite, O.Sax. \ Chaucer, Pari, of Foules, 358. WAITT J O.H.Ger. wahia, a guard, watchman] Robert le Wayte.—P«r/. Rolls. WAKLEY=Wakeley, q.v. — — ——: :

258 Walbom Walford

WALBORN (Scand.) the O.Scand: Ualbiorn= WALDER (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers. Slaughter or Deadly Bear [O.N. ual-r name W{e)aldhere = Mighty Army [O.E. = O.E.wcbI, slaughter, the slain + O.N. ge)w(e)ald, might, power + here, army] biorn, bear (A.-Sax, has the term wcelwulf] A Waldhere was a 7th-cent. bishop of London. WALBY (Scand.) Bel. to Walby (Cumberland), 14th cent. Walby — the Wall-Dwelling(s Cp. Walter. [Scand. wall + by] WALDEVE \ (Eng.) the M.E. Waldeve,Waldief, The village appears to have derived its WALDIVE / Watdeof, A.-Sax. Wat^eof [O.E. name from its situation near the Roman W(e)al(h, foreigner,Welshman +\>eof,thie{] wall of Severus. Nat. Gaz. This (chiefly Northern).name, evid. orig. WALCH 1 a nickname of contempt, ultimately came =Walsh,,,,„,„h q.v.„„ WALCHE [ to be borne by some of the highest Anglian dignitaries. WALCOCK (Eng.) i = Wale (q.v.) \ +the E. pet (occ.)2==Wald(q.v.) J suff. -coc*. WALDEW = Walthew, q.v. Walekoc—i^Mwd. Rolls. WALDIE = Wald (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. -ie. WALCOT Y (Eng.)Bel. toWalcot(t (common); WALDING = Wald, q.v. + the 'son' suff. -ing. WALCOTTJor Dweller at the Wall-Cot- tage (i.e. a cottage enclosed by a wall) Johannes Waldyng. [O.E. w{e)all + cot] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379.

The Line. Walcots were Walcote in the WALDO = Wald (q.v.) -|- the Cont. Teut. I3kh cent. : that near Alkborough is re- form. suff. -0. ferred to in a spurious charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 22) as 'Walcote super Humbram.' WALDRAM (Teut.) the O. Teut. Wald{h)ram, I Walcott, Norf., was Walecot in the 13th WALDREN \ Wald{h)ramn, Walderan(n, &c. cent. Walcot, Wore, was Walecot in WALDRON J = Mighty Raven [see under the 1 2th cent. The Warw. Walcot was Wald, and 4- O.Teut-. hram{n, ram(n, raven Walecote in Domesday-Bk. see Raven]

WALD (Teut.) Power, Might [f. O.E. WALDY - Wald (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. ->r. ge)w{e)ald = O.Sax. ^z)aiaM=Q.N. uald = (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Wale, Wala, Goth, wald- =O.H.Ger. gi)walt] WALE W{e)alh = Foreigner, Welshman [O.E, W(e)alih Wald occurs as a royal name in (fem. Wale) = O.H.Ger. WalQi] "Wi'dsitS' (1. 61). 'Wealda presbyter' wit- Adam. "Wale.— Rolls. nessed a charter dated a.d. 904. The mod. Hund. Norweg. Vald (cp, O.N. vald-r, ruler) WALES (Eng.) I Bel. to Wales, either the coun- sometimes weakens to Vail. try or the Yorkshire parish (Doiilesday Wales)lO.E. Wedlas, ploiWealh, aWelsh- WALDEG RAVE for Walgrave, q.v. man] The excrescent -de- occurs early, as we Engle and Seaxe ... find a 'Ric'us de Waldegrave' in the Wedlas ofer c6mon.

Charter-Rolls A.D. 1383-5. 'Song 1 of Brunariburh' A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 937. WALDEN (Eng.) I Bel. to Walden, 13th cent, Cecilia de Wales. usually Waleden{e = (a) the Forest- Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Valley [O.E. w{e)ald, a forest -|- denu, a

valley] 2 Wale's (Son) : v. Wale. Abbas de Waleden (Essex). WALESBY (Eng. -|- Scand.) Bel. to Walesby Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1234-5. (Lines, Notts : 13th cent. W alesby, Domes- (6) the Welshmen's Valley [O.E. day Walesbi) = Wale's Place [v. Wale,

Weala, genit. pi. of WealQi, a Welshman, and -t- O.N. b$-r, farmstead, &c.] foreigner] WALFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Walford = the Walden, Herts, e.g., occurs repeatedly Welshmen's Ford \0.'K.Wedla, genit. pi. as Wealadenu (dat., 'on Wealadetie") in of Weal{h, a Welshman -|- ford] an A.-Sax. deed ('Dipl. Angl.-', pp. 649-50). The Somerset Walford occurs as Weala- a the A.-Sax. pers. name W(e)alden= ford in a charter dated A.D. 682 ('Cart. Ruler, Governor [O.E. w{e)alden(d] Sax.' no. 62); the Heref. place is Wdlforde Walden fil. Gospatrick.— TVsta de Nevill. in Domesday-Bk., and the Shropsh. town- — — — : —

259 Walgrave Wallon

for a sluggish ship Waleford and Walifordeia Domesday- WALK LATE ) (Eng.) a nickname [f. M.E. walken, to Bk. WALKLETT ) individual to roll, &e. -|- M.E. walk ; O.E. w{e)alcan, Ric'us de Walleford. late, O.E. IcBt. slow, sluggish] Charter-Rolls (Salop), A.D. 131 6- 17. WALKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Walkley (Yorks) (North- WALGRAVE (Eug.) Bel. to Walgrave [the first elem. is prob. for O.E. W{e)alh, ants), anc. Walgrave = the Wall-Grove (M.E. Welshman : the second is O.E. ledh (grove by or enclosed by a wall) [O.E. ley), meadow] w{e)all + grdf] (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for the 14th cent. Ace. to Burke, a 'John de Walgrave' was WALKLIN 1 Walkelyn, 13th cent. Walkelin, SheriS of London a.d. 1205. WALK LING J ii-i2th cent. Walchelin, Domesday Cp. Waldegpave. Walchelin-us [f. M.H.Ger. Walch, O.H. Gei.Walh, foreigner, Celt = O.E.W{e)alh, j WALHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Walham or Welham foreigner, Welshman -1- the Fr. double V. Welham. dim. suff. -el'in] With Walham Green, M'sex, cp. the Walc{h)elin was the name of an nth- Welham Greens of Herts and Kent. cent, bishop of Winchester.

WALKDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Walkden (Lane), WALKMILL (Eng.) Bel. to Walkmill;. or

A.D. 1 5 14 Walkeden, 1408 Walkedene Dweller at or by the Fulling-Mill roll, [the first elem. is prob. tor O.E. W{e)alh, [M.E. walkmyln(e ; f. O.E. w(e)alcan, to Welshman: the second is O.E. denu, valley turn, full + myln, a mill] the of a Lane. Rentail a.d. (cp. Walshedene There are places called Walkmill in 1323-4] Lane, Northumb., and Salop.

WALKER (Eng.) i Fuller or Thickener (of WALKSTER, orig. the fern, form of Walker, cloth) [M.E. walker(e (M.Scot, walcar), q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suff. -estre^ = Dut. and Ger. walker) O.E. w(e)alcere ( ; f. O.E. w{e)alcan, to roll, turn, full] WALL (Eng.) Dweller at i a Wall [O.E. w(e)all (Lat. uall-um'] Geoffrey le Walkere.—iy«wrf. Rolls. [M.E. and Dial. E. wall(e, a She [Queen ] curst the weaver 2 a Well ; M.E. well(e, O.E. welle, and the walker well or spring for wiella, &c.] That clothe that had wrought.

' ' 'The Boy and Mantle,' 53-4 : Bp. Percy's The surnames atte Wall(e,' de la Folio MS. Wall(e,' &e., are pretty common in our I3th-i4th cent, rolls. Wobstaris [weavers], walcaris, and bonet makaris. The village of Wall, Northumb., is near Burgh Reeds. Aberdeen, A.D. 1531. the Roman Wall. Wall, Staffs, is on the site of a Roman station. In the early Manchester directories all cloth-dressers called the fullers and were WALLACE 1 = Walli8, q.v. — 276. walkers. Lane. Gloss., p. WALLAS J Walker, aNorthumbrian township, prob. Williame Wallace, wicht [active, strong] owes its name to a cloth-walker. and wyse. Ring of the Roy Robert, 139. 2 the A. -Sax. pers. name W{e)alchere, In Henry the Minstrel's (Blind Harry's) earlier W(e)alhhere [f. O.E. W(e)alh, 'Actis and Deidis of the Illustere and foreigner, Welshman -f lure, army] Vailyeand Campioun Schir William Wal- lace' (iS'h cent.) the spelling Wallas Walcherviis an nth-cent, bishop of A ('wicht Wallas') oec. occurs. Durham. (Eng.) Dweller at the Well- (late) 3 Pedestrian (a nickname) [same WALLAKER \ or Spring-Field [v. etym. as i] WALLIKER /Field Wall', and -1- M.E. afe^-, O.E. ««?•, a field] WALKINQTON (Eng.) Bel. to Walkington (Eng.) Dweller at the WelL-Land (Yorks), 14th cent. Wdlkynton, Domesday WALLAND or Spring-Land [v. Wall', and + M.E. Walchinton, O. Angl. *Walhinga-tun = the O.E. land] Estate of the Walh- Family [O.E. -|- (A.-Fr.-Lat.)WALLOON[Fr.praHo»; W(e)alh, foreigner, Welshman -inga, WALLEN ] genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin, estate, WALLI N y f. Lat. Gall-us, a Gaul ( = O.H.Ger. farm, &c.] WALLON J Walh, a Celt] — ; ——————

26o Waller Walne

(A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Welshman, Celt WALLER (Eng.) i Wall-Maker, Mason, WALLIS {K-Fr. Waleis, Waleys, Walais, Walays, Bricklayer [M.E. waller{e ; M.E. ixial(h ' (Fr. Gallois, Welshman) ; L. Lat. O.E. w{e)aU, a wall -|- the agent, suff. -ere] Walleys Walcnsis ; f. O.Teut. W(e)alh, foreigner^ Henry le Wallere.^Hund. Rolls. Celt] ; In the M.E. period this trade-name was Ricardus Walensis. Latinized murator and cementarius. c. A.D. MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, 1185. , (occ.) 2 (Salt-)Boiler [f. M.E. walleti, Maddok le Walays.— O.E. w(e)allan, to boil] Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1246.

Wallers, n., Salt-Makprs.— Roger le Waleis. West Wore. Gloss. (1882), p. 33. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Richard le Waleys. WALLET (A.-Fr.-Teut.) a nickname from the Lane. Fines, A.D. 1322. bag so calledrM.E.MjflZrf, of uncertain (but John Walleys. doubtless Fr.-Teut.) orig. : semantically Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1322-3. O.N. fiall = Dut. and M.(H.Ger. vel, a skin, Richard Walays. suit, esp. if wall-et {-et dim. suff.) is would Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. conn, with the stem of Fr. valise, a wallet as i (Fr. Pays de but there are, of course, phonetic difficul- 2 Of Wales [etym. (pi.), the ties] Galles) : cp. O.E. W(e)alas Welsh]

WALLEY (Eng.) i Dweller at the Wall (Em- Adam de Waleys.^ bankment) Lsland or Low Riparian Inq. ad q. Damn., A.I). i^oS-i}. Land [O.E. w(e)all ig, eg] + William de Waleis. The Domesday name of Wallasey Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1310-11. (Cheshire) was Walea. King Willam [L] adauntede [subdued] 2 for Whalley, q.v, that folc of Walis.— Rob. Glouc. Chron., 7668. WALLHAM, v. Walham, Welham. As Walys wes and als Irland.—^Wyn- (Extr. f. early MS. WALLING (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Wealing = toun, Oryg. Cron. Seotl. of Weal(h)'s Son [O.E. W{e)al[h, foreigner, The Bruee). -|- Bar-' Welshman the fil. suff. -ing] As Walis was and als Ireland.— j bour, The Bruce, I. 100 (ed. W. M. Mac- occ. (A.-Fr.-Lat.) (with excresc. -g) for kenzie). Waller), Wallin, Wallon, q.v. Wallis is the mod. Scand. word for WALLING FORD (Eng.) Bel. to Wallingford 'Wales.' (Berks), 13th cent. Waling{e)ford, A.-Sax. Cp. Wallace and Walsh. Welinga-ford, Wealinga-ford = the Ford OF the Weal(h Family [O.E. Weal(h, WALLRAVEN, v.Walraven. foreigner, Welshman -|- -inga, genit. pi. pi., and genit., of Wall, q.v. of the 'son' suff. -ing -f ford] WALLS,

' iElfred's 'Orosius' (V. xii.) has Welinga- WALLWORK for Wal(l)wopth, q.v. ford— v. Walworth. ... neah \>ckm forda J>e man hcfet WALLWORTH, Welingaford (. . . near the ford called WALLWRIQHT (Eng.) MasOn [O.E. w{e)dll, W ). wall -h wyrhta, worker] WALMERSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Walmersley WALLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wallington (Lane), 13th cent. Walmeresley [the pers. (several in England) [y. under Walling- name (in the genitive) is either A.-Sax. ford, and + O.E. t^n, farm, estate] W{e)al{h)m(er (y.mider Wale, and + O.E. The Herts place is likely, A.-Sax. , Wallingtone in mcbre, famous) or, less Domesday-Bk., whereas the Surrey village W(e)aldmeer (O.E. ge)w(e)ald, power, occurs therein as Waletone (no doubt an might) : \- O.E. /ra'A (M.E. fey), meadow] error). WALMESLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Walmsley

Ralph de Walington.— WALMISLEY (Lane. : isth cent. Walmesley) Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. WALMSLEY for Walmersley, q.v.

Walter Wallyngton. WALN \ syncopated forms of Wallan, Inq. ad q. Damn,, tp. Hen. VL WALNE 1 Wallon, q.v. — — ; —

261 Walpole Walter

WALPOLE (Eng.) Bel. to Walpole (Norf. Walschemen and Scottes.—Trevisa's Suff.}, 13th cent. Walepol, Walepole^the tr. (A.D. 1387) Higden's PolychronicoH Wall-Pool [O.E. w{e)all + pdl] ('de Incol. Ling.'). Robert de Walepole.— In the later colloquial [Irish] language Charter-Rolls (Suff.), A.D. 1267-8. the word Breathnach = BTiton, Welshman, application to According to the National Gazetteer has been confined in its those who adopted the family-name (1868) Walpole St. Andrew and Walpole have oi Walsh.—Joyce, Irish Pl.-Names, a. 123. St. Peter (Norf.) are both "situated on the I Roman sea-wall." Cp. Wallace, Wallis.

WALRAN for Walraven, q.v. WALSHAM 1 (A.-Scand.; Bel. to Walsham

(Norf. ; Suff.), 13th cent. Wals- Walrann Oldman. Hund. Rolls. WALSOM J ham, Walesham = W^ls's Home [the WALRAN D "1 (Teut.) the O.Ger. Walerand = pers. name (v. Walsingham) is an Angli- cization (cogn. with WALROND J Battle-Shield [O.H.Ger. wal of the O.N. Ualsk-r = O.E. wcbI, slaughter, battle, &c. -|- A.-Sax. WcbUsc), foreign, Celtic (mod. O.Teut. rand (O.N. rond), a shield] Scand. Velsk, Welsh):—+ O.E. hdm = O.N. heim-r, home, estate] Walerand le Tyeis [v. Ty(e)ds]. Hund. Rolls. Wtsls occurs as a pers. name in the A.-Sax. poem 'B6owulf,' 1. 1798. WALRAVEN \ (Teut., esp. Scand.), the 13th- WALRAVIN J cent IFa/ra/» (Camb.), Domes- WALSHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Walshaw (Lane. : day Walraven (Line), early -nth- cent. 14th cent. Walschdgh ; Yorks, &c.) = Wailr(efen= Deathly Raven [O.N. »aZ= I Wal(h)'s;Wood [O.E. w(e)alh, foreigner, O.E. wcel, slaughter, death, &c. + O.N. Welshman -|- scaga, a wood] hrafn = O.E. hreefn (\atei r^fen), a raven] 2 the Wall-Wood [O.E. w{e)all, a wall]

Cp. Raven. WALSHMAN (Eng.) Welshman : v. Walsh.

WALSALL (Eng.) Bel. to Walsall (Staff?), WALSINGHAM (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Walsing- i2th-i3tn cent. Walsale, Waleshale, nth ham (Norf.), 13th cent. Walsynghani; A.- cent. Waleshale, a.d. roo2 Walesho = Sax. Walsingahdm ('Dipl. Angl.', p. 563) = Wal(h)'s Hill [the genit. of O.Merc. the Home of the W^els Family [for the Walh, Welshman -|- (i) ho, a hill, bluff; pers. name see under Walsham, and -|-

(2) O.Merc. hal(d = O.N. hall-r (with -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing -f- ham, \ lost final dental) (=Ger. hfllde, O.H.Ger. home, estate] a slope, hill] halda), The shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham

Duignan ('Staffs Place-Names,' p. 159) was very famous for centuries ; and the ' says that "some time in the 11 th cent, town is mentioned in old ballads-^e.g., the terminal changed to Aafe", which he in one beginning— interprets as 'hall'—unhkely in this case, As yee came from the Holye Land as " the town was formerly confined to an Of Walsingham ... eminence." Post-Z d is often lost in local nomenclature and in dialects. Through in 'Bp. Percy's Foho MS.' ; and also in not taking this fact into consideration 'Gentle Heardsman, tell to me', in the Canon Taylor was misled into confusing same collection. O.West-Sax. feflZ((Z (M.E. AeZrf(e), 'slope', WALSTER (Eng.) the fem. form of Waller, 'hill', f. heald(=0.^. hall-r), 'sloping', with q.v. [O.E. fem. agent, suff. restre'\ O.W. Sax. healQi, 'corner', 'nook'. WALTER (Teut.) Mighty Army [O.Teut: WALSBY, V. Walesby. Walther, ^Walthar, Waldhar, Waldheri, (A.-Sax. O.H.Ger. WALSH '1 (Eng.) Welshman, Celt [M.E. &c. W{e)aldhere) — gijwdlt = O. Sax. gt)wald = Goth, waldr WALSHE ) Watshe,&.c.; O.E.WeBlisc,W(e)alisc, = O.E. ge)w(e)al3 = O.N. uald, might, Welsh, foreign; f. W(e)al{h, Welshman, = foreigner] power -I- O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri, hart Goth, harji-s = O.E. here = O.N. John le Walshe.^ her-r, host] Lane. Fines, A.V. 1326. army,

Walter' fil. Bernardi. . . . and Walshe [auditors of Chester]. —Vale-Royal Ledger-Bk., A.D. 1438-9. CJuwter-Rolls, AS). 1201-6, Griffyn the Walshe.— Walter Walrond.^- Piers Plowman, ^12^. Hund.-Rolls, A.D. 1274. — — — —— —

262 Walter Wannop

The Domesday form is Walterus or William de Waleton. Walterius. The h of the second element Lane. Assize-Rolls, A.D. 1285. was dropped at an early period in Alicia de Walton. England, but is still retained in German. Yarks Poll-Tax, A.D. Thus in the German translation ('Walt- 1379. hari-lied') of the famous loth-cent. Latin Richard Walton. epic 'Waltharii Poesis' the hero is con- Inq.ad q.Damri,, A.D. 1413-14. sistently Walther; and this is the form in Walton, Cumb., and West Walton, the 'Nibelungenlied'. Norf., owe their hame to proximity to a Nu[now],brpJ'errWaHf«n',bro]>errmin. Roman Wall. Ormulum (c. A.D. 1200), i. = Walter (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim. The Old French forms of this Teut. WALTRbT sufF. name were Walther, Gualter (as in the -ot. 'Chanson de Roland'), Gauter; mod. Fr. WALTSTER for Walster, q.v. forms are Gaultier, Gauihier, Gautier, &c. Cp. Walder and Waters. WALWORK for Walworth, q.v.

WALTERS, Waiter's (Son) WALWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Walworth (Surrey: \„ Walter.,,,„n.„„ WALTERSON, Walter's Son f^' Domesday Waleordd ; Durham : c. 1200 Waleurthe), A.-Sax. *W{e)ala-w0r^ i^ the WALTHAM(Eng.)Bel.toWaltham(acommon Welshmen's Farm [O.E. W{e)ala, genit. Eng. place-name) = the Enclosure or pi. of W{e)al(h, Welshman -|- wo?S, farm, Dwelling by the Wood [O.E. w{e)aii, a enclosure] wood + ham{m, an enclosure, etc.] WALWYN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. W(e)alhwine = The orig. d in the name was unvoiced Foreign or Welsh Friend [O.E. w{e)alh, to (through the influence of the following t foreigner, Welshman + wine, friend] aspirate) at an early period: thus, although Waltham, Suss., was Uualdham in the 7th WAND (Eng.) a nickname from the MolE cent., in the loth cent, it was Waltham; [O.E. wand] and other Walthams were either Waltham or Wealtham in the A.-Saxon period. WANDS, Wand's (Son). '

William de WaMham.—Hund. Rolls. WANDSWORTH (Celt. -f Eng.) Bel. to Wands- worth, the Domesday Wandelesorde, A.- - WALTHEF "I see the commoner (but less Sax. Wendles war's. WALTHEVE J correct) form Waldeve. [The river-name (Wandle) is Celt, (with (Eng.) the A.-Sax. W{e)al{h)^e6w WALTHEW \ dim. suff. -el), and allied to the Yorks R. = Foreign WALTHO J Slave [O.E. w{e)alh, Went and the Wei. Afon [river] Wen, a foreigner, Welshman+jjeim), a slave,serf] viz. wend, the early form of Wei.gwen {(.), In 'Be6wulf' (11. 1229-30) this is the name gwyn (m.) = Bret. ^g« = Gael, and \x.fionn of a woman (O.Ir.^«i=Gaul. vind-), white, clear: with e(5de Wealh\>edwiov^, I went WealhtheowioTth, regard to the second element, the A.-Sax. cw6n Hr68gares. ] Hrothgar's queen. form quoted above occurs in a Lat. + A.-Sax. charter, dated a.d. 693 ('Cart. Sax.' WALTON (Eng.) Bel. to Walton (common) = no. 82), which is prob. a spurious deed I the Farmstead or enclosed HXmlet by, fabricated centuries later ; and the land- or situate near, a Wall [O.E. w(e)all, a name is rather O.E. waro'S, bank, shore wall + tun, a farm, etc.] (=Ger. werder, 'small island in a river', 2 the Farmstead or Hamlet by the M.H.Ger. werd, O.H.Ger. werid, warid, Wood [O.E. w{e)ald, a wood] island) than O.E. wor^, farm, estate]

3 the Welshmen's or Serfs' Place WANE=Wain(e, q.v. [O.E. w{e)ala, genit. pi. oiw(e)alh, Welsh- man, serf] WANKLI 1 for q.v. |!^ Walklin, This place-name occurs in Domesday- WANKLYN Book variously as Waletone (the spelling, WANNOP (Eng.) early forms seem to be e.g., of Walton-on-Thames and Walton- lacking {-op is prob. (as in other cases) on-the-Hill, L'pool), Waltone, Waletun, for O.E. hdp, a hollow ; while first Waletune. the element may be either O.E. wann, dark, Henr' de Waleton. or 0.'E,.ge)wan, diminished, curtailed, with Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1226-7. ref. to the shape of the hollow] —— ] — — ;

263 Want Wardlow

WANT (Eng.) a nickname from the Mole Weard maSelode, (The) ward spake,

[M.E. and Dial.E. wani{e, O.E. wand, a Jjcfer on wicge saet, where on horse he sat, mole (animal] ambeht unforht. officer fearless. Bedwulf, 577-9. Walter le Wante.— Plac. Dam. Cap. Westm. For any wye [man] or warde, Wide opned the yates [gates].— In Wiltshire, in addition to want, the Piers Plowman, 12723-4. forms woont and 'oont are used {Wilts Gloss., p. 78). 2 0f the Watch or GuARD[M.E.a)a/-rf(g, O.E. w{e)ard (f.), a watching, guarding] WAPLE for Walpole, q.v. Walter de la Wd^xde.—Hund. Rolls.

WARBEY 1 (Scand.)earlyformslacking,butthe (Celt.) for the Irish and Gaelic Mac-an- WARBY J signif. is prob. 'UerS's Farmstead' Bhaird (bh as ro) = Son of the Bard [O.N. uot^-r (genit. uar^ar) = O.E. w(e)ard, [Ir. and Gael, mac, son -f- an, of the + the watchman, guardian 0,N.6j;-»-| farm, &c.] + asp. genit. of bard, a poet] WARBLE (Eng.) a descendant of the A.-Sax. WARDALE Wcerb(^e)ald = Faithfully Bold [O.E. WARDELL } = Wardle, q.v. wckr, faith, fidelity, &c. + b{e)ald, bold] WARDILL J WARBLETON (Eng.) Bel. to Warbleton WARDEN (Ai-Fr,-Teut.) Guardian [A.-Fr. (Suss.), 13th cent. Warbeltone = W^er- wardein, O.Fr. gardein, guardian ; O.Fr. b(e)ald's Estate [v. under Warble, and garder, warder, to guard ; f. the Frank. + O.E. tun, estate, &c.] cogn.(cp.O.Sax.aiarrf^«)ofO.E.n;(a)arAa«, to watch over] WARBOISE (Eng.) Bel. to Warboys (Hunts), I WARBOYS 13th cent. Wardeioys; loihceni. (Eng.) Bel. to Warden (forWardon) = the or Watch-Hill [v. under WARBISS J Weardebusc = the Watch or Ward- a hill] Guard Bush or Thicket [O.E. weard (f.), Ward ; and -f- O.E. dAn, genit. wearde,s. watching, guarding +6Mic] William de Wardon. Hund. Rolls. WARBRECK\(Scand.) Bel. to Warbreck or Warden, Kent, e.g., was the A.-Sax.

Weardclun ; Warden, Beds, was the WARBRICK J Warbrick~(N. Lane). 13th cent. Warthebrec = the Watch or Guard Hill Domesday Wardone; Warden Law [O.E. [O.N. uot^-r (genit. uarSar), a ward, watch hl(kw, a hill], Durh., was Wardon in the Boldon Book. + brekka, a slope, hill : cp. O.N. uar^berg^ watch-rock] WARDLAW (Scot.-Eng.) Dweller at the or Watch-Hill [v. under WARBURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warburton Ward- -|- hill] Ward ; and O.E. hldsw, a (Chesh.), A.D. 1 303-4 W«rJ

WARDLE (Eng.) Bel. to Wardle ; or Dweller The parish-church of Warburton is at the Ward- or Watch-Hill [v: under dedicated to St. Werburg, the Mercian Warcl, and-l-M.E. hull, O.E. hyll, a hill] King Wulfhere's virgin daughter, who was buried at Chester. Both the Chesh. and Lane. Wardle were form. Wardhull. WARCOP](A..Scand.) Bel. to Warcop (Eng.) Bel. to Wardleworth WARCUP/(Westrad.), 13th cent. Warthecop, WARDLEWORTH = the Ward-Hill Farm [v. Warthecopp = .the Watch or Guard (Lane.) under Wardle, Ward, and -|- O.E. wor^, Hill-Top [v. under Warbreck, and + an farm, &c.] app. Scand. borrowing of O.E. copp, a summit] WARDLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wardley ; or Dweller at the Ward- or Watch-Lea WARD 1 (Eng.) i Guard, Watchman, [v. under Ward, and + M.E. ley, O.E. Keeper [M.E. ward{e, O.E. w(e)ard WARDE I leak, a meadow] (= O.Sax. ward = Goth, wards '= O.H. Ger. wari] WARDLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wardlow (Derby) or Dweller at the Ward- or WaTch- Thomas le Ward. Hund. Rolls. HiLL [v. under Ward, and + O.E. hlcbw, a hill] John le Warde. do. —— —— — — —— ;

264 Wardman Warkworth

WARDMAN (Eng.) = Ward' (q.v.) + man grave = the Weir-Grove [O.E, wer, weir [O.E. w(e)ardmann, wdtchman, guard] + grdf, grove]

WARDOUR (Eng.) i Warder [v. Ward, and WARHURST (Eng.) Dweller at the Weir- + the A.-Fr. agent, suff. -our] Wood [O.E. wer, weir + hyrst, wood, copse] 2 Bel. to Wardour (Wilts), loth cent. (aet <&-a«^dat.), = the Weardora Weard WAR IN l (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Warin, Watch or Guard Bank or Shore [v. WARING J Guarin, Guerin, Gerin ('Chanson de under Ward, and + O.E. 6ra, a bank, Roland'), O.Teut.iri2>-m(o, Werin(o, found shore] very commonly as a single name and also freq. in compound names like Warinbald, (A.-Fr.-Teut.) WARDROBE^ Keeper of the Warinbert, Warinfrid, Werinbald, Werin- WARDROP or Wardrobe Dress- hard, &c. Warino, Werin, Werina (f.), [M.E. ward(e)r:obe, WARDROPE Chamber Werino, occur, e.g., in Heyne's coUeption VVARDRUPP/ O.Fr. warderobe {Ft. garderobe) ; of gth-i ith cent. Old Low Ger. names f. OFr. warder, to guard (v. under Ward), ('Altniederdeutsche Eigennamen') and robe, O.H.Ger. roup, roup, booty] [usually said to be f. O.H.Ger. weri (mod. Thomas de la Wardrobe. wehr) = O.E. waru, defence, protection Plac. deQuo Warr. but much more likely to be (with dim. suff. -in) f. O.H.Ger. and O.L.Ger. war Adam de la Garderobe. Cal. Inq. P.M. (mod. Ger. wahr), iuct- = M.Dut. (14th Wymond of the Wardrop is my richt cent.) waer (mod. Dutch waar) = O.E. name.^-Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 221. wckr, true—^^cogn. with Lat. ver-us, true]

WARDROPER "1 =Wardrop(e, Wardrobe, Warin-us (common).—Domesday-Bk. WARDROPPER f (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er. Warin de la Stane, Hund. Rolls.

(Eng.) i Bel. to Ware ; or Dweller at WARE Ivo fil. Guariu. Patent Rolls. the Weir or Dam [M.E. ivcwie, wer{fi, O.E. zu«>-=Low Ger. ware, a weir] The form with added -g seems to make its first (genuine) appearance in the i6th- Henry de Ware. Hund. Rolls. cent. Ralph de la 'Wa.xe.—Hund. Rolls. Richard Warynge. Fines, Ware, Herts, was Waras (a pi. form) in Lane. A.D. 1528. Domesday-Bk. Quant assez eust Charlemaine ris et

' 2 Wary, Astute, Prudent [M.E. joie men6e, lors fut command6 au due war{e, O.E. wter] Guarin de Monglainne qu'il gabast [O.Fr, gaber, to jest].—G{u)arin de Monglane, 176. Thorn' le Waire. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 199-1200. WARK 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wark ; or Dweller at Ant in werre [war] war ant wys.— WARKEjor by the Fort or Castle [M.E. Death of King Edw. I., 1. 14. werk{e, O.E. ge)we{o)rc, a work, fortifica- tion] verray fooles, nyce and blynd ben ye I Ther n'is nat oon can war by other be 1 And Jiaes on Eastron worhte Alfred Chaucer, Troil. & Cris., i. 202-3. cyning l;#t!e werede geweorc aet i£|>elinga eigge. What man so wise, what earthly witt so ware...?— (And aftefwards, at Easter, King Spenser, Faerie Queene, I. vii. i. .£ltred, with a small company, built a at Athelney).-— Cp. Warr(e. fort (work) A.-Sax. Chron., A.D. 878.

WAREHAM (Eng.) Bel. to i Wareham (Dor- c. 1 Galfridus de Werk, A.D. 1300.— WAREAM Uet), A. -Sax. Chro^. A.D. 876 Coldstream Chartulary, p. 42. WARHAM ] Werham = the Weir - En- At Wark, Carham, Northumb., " are closure or -Dwelling O.E. wer, weir f -f- traces o£ a border castle." ham{m, enclosure, &c.] 2 Warham (Norf.), 13th cent. Warham WARKWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Warkworth = [same etym.] the Fort- or Castle-Farm [v. under Wark, and -|- O.E. voor^, a farm, &c.] WAREING = Warm(g, q.v. At Warkworth (a.d. i 199-1200 Werh- WARGRAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Wargrave (Berks), wurthe), Northumb., "the castle stands 14th cent. Weregrave, Domesday Wer- on a rock". . — : ————

26s \ Warland Warren

WARLAND (Eng.) Dweller at the Weir- In addition to the fairly common 'de \ Land [v. under Ware', and + M.E. O.E. Werne' in Soms. i3th-i4th cent, records '««<*] we also find 'atte Werne'. \ W^RLEY (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Warley (fairly WARNER (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i the French War-

\ common) , usually = the Weir-Lea [v. mer, Guamier, Guamer,' Giimier, O. (under Ware', and + M.E. ley, O.E. leak, Teut. Warinherii, Warinhar(i, Werinherii, Wemhere, &c. [v. under Warin, and 1 a meadow] + O.Sax. O.H.Ger. heri, hart = O.E, here 1 Warley, Yorks, is the Domesday H^erZa. '= = O.N. her-r Goth, harji-s, army] Gt. Warley, Essex, was Werleye Magna, A.D. 1320-1. ' Warner-US is the form in Domesday-

Bk. and the i2th-cent. Pipe-Rolls ; War- But Warley, Wore, I3th-i4th cent. ner and Wariner (le Botiler) occur in the Werweleye, Weruelege, Domesday Wer- i3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls. welie, evid. has ah A.-Sax. compound pers. name for its first element, prob. 2 a contr. of Warrener, q.v. *Wieraieard. Richard le Warner. Hund. Rolls- (occ.) 2 for Ward ley, q.v. Watte the Warner. Piers Plowman, 3107. WARLOW for Ward low, q.v. ' WARNES, Warn(e)'s (Son) v. Warn(e'. WARLTERS, a corrupt form of Walters, q.v. : WARNETT, the French Wamet = Warn(e, WARMAN (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. WcBrmann= Warin (q.v.) -1- the Fr. dim, suff. -et. True Man [v. under Warin(g, and -|- O.E. manti] We also find the Fr. form Warinot \r0t, dim. suff.] in our i3th-cent. rolls. 2 Weir-Man [v. under Ware'] 3 for Warmund, q.v. WARNFORD \ (Eng.) Bel. to Warnford WARNEFORDJ(Hants: loth cent, 'of \&m WARMBY for Wharmby, q.v. [from the] Waranford^, 'aet Wemteforda'— dat.; Soras.,&c.)= the Troop or Military WARMINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warmjngton Ford [O.E. wearn, a troop -|- ford\ (Northants : 13th cent. Wermington, loth

cent. Wermingiiin, Wyrmingtun ; Warw. WARNHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Warnham (Suss.), 13th cent. Warmyntan, Domesday War- 13th cent. Warneham = (^xoh.) Wernas mintone) = the Estate of the Wyrm(a Home or Estate [v. under Warn(e, Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. wyrm Warin, and -f O.E. hdm, home, &c.] (= O.N. orm-r), serpent, dragon + -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing 4- tin, WARNICK 1 (Teut.) = Warn(e> (q.v.) -f- the dim. suff. estate, farm, &c.J WARNOCK J -ic, -oc.

WARMOND "1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Warmund = =E}=Ware.q.v. WARM U N D J True or Faithful Protector [O.E. true, &c. mund, hand, pro- wAr, + Henry atte Warr. T tection, protector] Soms. Subs.-Roll, A,D. 1327. Ace. to the A.-Saxon genealogies a John la Warre. Lane- Fines, A-J). 1310. Pr

WARN WARRALLl (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Warel, . (A.-Fr.-Teut.) 1= Warin, q.v. WARNE } WARRELL J Garel (later Gareau) [f. the Teut.

stem seen under Warin ; and -|- the Fr. The forms Wamo and Werno, contr. of dim. suff. -el\ Warino and Werino, occur in O.Ger- (Eng.) for Worrall, q.v. records. WARRAN for Warren, q.v. Roger Watne. Hund. Rolls- WARREN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) i Dweller at, or 2 a contr. of Warren, q.v. Keeper of, a Game-Preserve [M.E. (A..CeIt.) Bel. to Wearn (Soms.), 13th wareine, wareyne. Sec, O.Fr. warenne (Fr. cent. Werne, loth cent. Wefn{e ('Cart. garenne), L.Lat. warenna, a warren ; Sax.' no. 1294) [prob. Yfel. gwem, marsh, f. O.Teut. ivarian, to preserve, protect, meadow; alder-grove] kinder] — — —— —

266 Warrender Wase

Hamelius de Waren'.— where the word occ. has the meaning Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1 200-1. 'ford', there has evid. been confusion with John de Warenne. O.N. Ma«, a ford. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Joh'es de Warenna comes Surr'. WARTON (Eng.) I Bel. to Warton (N. Laac, two, both occurring in Domesday-Bk. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1338. as Wartun; Northumb.) = the Weir-Farm There is a village called Garennes in [O.E. wer, weir, dam -|- tun, farm, &c.] the Eure Dept., Normandy. The Wertun occurring in a (Latin) grant 2 for Wapin, q.v. by King .^Ethelstan to St. Cuthbert's,

Warren-US deEngayne 1 Durham ('Cart. Sax.' no. 685), app. does Testa de Nevill. Warm-US de Engayne J not refer to the Northumb. Warton. WARRENDER for Warrener, q.v. 2 Bel. to Warton or Waverton (Warw. 13th cent. Wavertone, Waverton) = the WARREN;ner|WA.-Fr.-Teut.) Warren-Keeper Aspen-Poplar Farm [the woird waver ["v. under Warren', and -|- the seems to have been applied to the aspen- WARRI NER I E. agent, suff. -er] poplar ; f. O.E. wcefre, wavering, flickering] William le Warenner. Hund. Rolls. There has probably been some con- When the buckes take the does, fusion with Wharton. Then the viarriner knowes WARWICK \(Eng.) i Bel. to Warwick There are rabbets in breeding. WARWICKE .(Warw.), 13th cent. Warewyk, Cobbes Prophecies, &c. (Madrigals), J Warewyck, 12th cent. Warewic, Domes- A.D. 1614. day Warwic, A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 914-915 The French form is Garennier. Wckrinc wlc, 'set Wdzring wicum'; Latin Cp. Warner'. charter dated A.D. 710, but written cen- turies later, 'in plaga Warewicensi WARRENS, pi., and genit., of Warren, q.v. ('Cart. Sax.' no. 127); for orig. Wtkringa wicum (dat. pi.) = (at) the Camp or WARRICK for Warwick, q.v. Fortified Place of the W^r- Family for Warwioker, q.v. WARRICKER [the pers. name is f. O.E. wckr, true + WARRI N,v. Warren. -inga, genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing + wlc, dat. pi. wicum ; sg. dwelling(s, pi. WARRING, v. Waring. camp, fortress] WARRINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Warrington The spellings- of the name in the 14th- (Lane), 14th cent. Weryngton, 13th cent. 15th cent. MSS. of the famous 'Guy of Weringtott, 12th cent. Wlinton, Domesday Warwick' are noteworthy Walintune, A.-Sax. *W(e)al(h)inga-tun = Gye he hyght of Warwykk. 1. 123. the Estate of the W(e)alh Family — 1 hyght Gye of Warwyke.—1. 5973. [O.E. W(e)alh, Welshman, foreigner -|- (Camb. MS. Ff. 2, 38). -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tun, estate, farm, &c.] Gij of Warwike his name Was.—1. 157. (Auchinleck MS,). The earliest forms virith -/- cannot be / ;- ignored : the — interchange is a well- GuyeofWarrewik his name was.—1. 157. known phonetic characteristic of the (Caius MS.). A.-Norman period. 2 Bel, to Warwick (Cumb.), 13th cent, The Bucks hamlet Warrington may, Wardswyk, Wardwyk, Warthwik = the however, represent an A.-Sax. *Waringa- Guard's or Watchman's Place [0.(N.)E. tiin, 'the Estate of the Waer- Family.' ward = O.N. uortS-r, watchman, &c. •\- O.E. wic, dwelling(s, &c.] WARRY (Scot.-E.) True [M.Scot, warray, f. O.E. wckr, true, with later dim. werray ; WARWICKER = Warwick (q.v.) + the E. suff. -J/] agent, suff. -er.

WARSON, Warr's Son : v. Warr, Ware, WASE (Eng.) Dweller at a Muddy or esp. 2. Marshy Place [0;E. wase, mud, marsh WARTH (Eng.) Dweller at a River-Bank = O.H.Ger. waso, damp soil, sward] or a Shore [O.E. iwaj-otS] (A.-Fr.-Celt.) = Wace, q.v. Dialectally, warth sometimes denotes a river-side meadow. In the North, Philip Wase.—if««d. Rolls. —

267 Washbourn(e Waters

WASHBOURN(E T (Eng.) Bel. to Washbourne Sax', no. 67s), dated A.D. 931, but prob. an WASHBURN(E f (Glouc: Domesday Wasse- nth cent, copy, has the form Wachenesfeld

\ borne; Devon: 13th cent. Wasseburne; (twice) and also Wceclesfeld. The late Prof. \ Wore, &c.) = the Flood-Brook, i.e. Skeat has a long and careful note on this \ a brook liable to flooding [O.E. ge)wcBsc, name in his 'Place-Names of Berkshire' flood, a overflow + bume, a stream] (p. 42) ; but I differ entirely from his con- clusions. He interprets as 'Wacol's Field', WASHINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Washington because, he says, the form Wceclesfeld (Suss., Durham, Derby), A.-Sax. Hwtesis)- "makes far better sense". It is true that inga-tlin=t\xe Estate of the HwiEs(s- O.E. wacen, wcecen, orwceccen, is usually in- Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. hwais{s flected as a fem. noun ; but nouns ending (= O.H.Ger. h)was), sharp, keen + -inga, in -en are also common to the neuter genit. of the fil. suff. pL -ing + tun, and masc. inflections with genit. -es. estate, farm, &c.] Besides, the phonetics are against Wcecles-

The Sussex place occurs in the loth feld being the true orig. form ; and cent, as Wasinga-tun, Wassinga-tiin, and analogy shows A.-Sax. Weed- commonly

Hwessinga-tun ; the Durham village was yielding a mod. Wall-. in the 13th cent., Wessinton Wassyngton WATCHORN (Eng.) Dweller at a Watch or in the 12th cent. (Boldon Book) ; the LooK-OuT Horn-shaped Hill [O.E. Derbyshire township is also known as wcBcce -H horti] Wessington. WATERALL (A.-Fr.-Teut.) repr. the M. French The ancestors of the first President of Gauterel, mod, Gautereau, Gautreau ; f. (with \, the United States are believed to have dim. suff. -eT) Gauter, Gautier, Gualter. come from the Durham village. O. Teut. Walther : v. Walter.

WASON, Wase's, or Wage's Son : v. Wase', WATERER (Eng.) Dweller by the Water Wace. [O.E. wceter -\- the agent, suff. -ere]

WASS "1 (Eng.) I Bel. to Wass (Yorks), app. Cp. Brooken.

WASSE J a form of Wase : v. Wase. WATERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Water(y (occ.) 2 Sharp, [O.E. = Keen hwcesis Field [O.E. wceter + feld] O.H.Ger. h)was\ WATERHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the House (A.-Fr.-Celt.) = Waoe, q.v. by the Water [O.E. wceter + htis] ' Waso. Domesday-Bk. There is a place called Waterhouses in WASSELIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) 13th cent. Wascelin, Durham. [f. O.H.Ger. Wascelyn, Wacelin, Wacelyn WATERLEADER (Eng.) Water-Carrier hjwas, sharp, keen + the Fr. double dim. [M.E. waterleder ; f, O.E. wceter + a der. suff. -el-in] of Udan (M.E. leden), to lead, carry] WASTALL WATERLOW (Teut.) If this name were English WASTEL meton. for Wastelep, q.v. it would mean the 'Mound [O.E. hlcew^ by WASTELL the Water'; but it seems to be an Angli- cization of the Belgian Waterloo = the (A.-Fr.-Teut.) WASTELER Cake -Maker Water(y Lea [Flem. water + loo (00 as 0) [M.E. wastekr; f. M.E. A,-Fr, wasteHl = O.E. ledh, meadow,] (Fr. gateau), cake or bread of superior WATERMAN (Eng.) i Boatman, Ferryman quality ; O.Fr. gastel, O.H.Ger. wastet] lO.E. wceter -\-mann] Of smale [small] houndes hadde she that Adam le Wateiman.—Hund. Soils. she fedde With rosted flessh, or milk and wastel 2 occ. for the M.E. Wa{l)terman, i.e. breed [bread].— Wa(l)ter's Man (-Servant) [v. Walter, Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 146-7. and cp. Waters]

WATCH FIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Watchfield WATERS, a form of Walters, q.v., the form doubtless being (Berks, Soms., &c,) ; or Dweller at the mainly due to the French Watch-Field, i.e. the Field of the Watch- homogetietic Wauter, Waut{h)ier. House [O.E. w(ecce(n), a watch, vigil -I- The occurrence of Waters as the name feld, a field, plain] of noblemen in two ballads in (among Watchfield, Berks, the Domesday others) the Percy collection, viz. 'Young Wachenestfeld, occurs in the 8th and 9th Waters' and 'Child Waters' (see the quot. ceat.dLsWacenesfeld. A charter ('Cart. under ChMd(e), suggests that the -s in — : — — . —

268 Waters on Wattson

some cases is not the Eng. genit. but the Robert Watmaghe.^— O.Fr. formative (nom.) suft., as in "li Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. quens Gualters" (the Count Walter) of

' (Eng.) Early to the Chanson de Roland', 1. 800. 'Child WATNEY forms seem be Waters' was translated into German with lacking: phonetically the name reprt-ji the title 'Graf [Earl] Walter.' sents an A.-Sax. *Watanig = 'Wata's Island or Riparian Land' [O.E. ig, WATERSON, a form of Walterson, q.v.: cp. island, &c.]

Waters. ^ WATSHORN for Watohorn, q.v. Johannes Wauterson. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WATSON \ Wat's or Watt's Son : v. WATSOUNJ Watt. WATERWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the Farm or Estate by the Water [O.E. wteter + In the Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379, we find both Watsonaxid Wattson as surnames.

WATES = Waites, q.v. Robertas Watsoun de Yselye, A.D. WATFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Watford (Herts: 1537-8. Coldstream Chartulary, p. 86. 13th cent. Wateford, loth cent. Watford— WATT, a dim. of Walter, q.v. 'Cart. Sax.' no. 812; Northants : 13th' cent. Watforde) = the Hurdle-Ford Watte the warner; [O.E. wat-el, wattle, hurdle + ford] Piers Plowman, 3107. A hundred thousand Kentishmen WATH \ (Scand.) Bel. to Wath ; or Dweller gathered round Tyler of Essex. WATHE J at the Ford [O.N. aaS] Wat Green, Hist. Eng. People, p. 486. The Yorks Waths occur in Domesday- Bk. as or Wate. Wat WATTERS, like Waters, a form of Walters, q.v. WATKIN, a double dim. of Walter", q.v. [E. dim. snS. -kin, O.L.Teut. -k-in] WATTERSON, like Waterson, a forin of q.v. WATKINS, Watkin's (Son) "1 Walterson, . - ^|v. Watkin. WATKIN SON, Watkin's Son J WATTIE =Watt (q.v.) -|- the E. dim. suff. -U. WATKISS, an assim. form of Watkins, q.v.

WATTIS=Wattie's (Son) : v. Wattie. WATLING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name Wailing, Wcetling = WiETL(A)'s Son [the WATTLEWORTH, aa assim. form of Ward le- pers. name is doubtless a nickname f. worth, q.v.

O.E. watla, a swathe, bandage : 1- the 'son' suff. -ing\ WATTON (Eng.), Bel. to Watton (Yorks: Domesday Wattune; Herts: Domesday'. Wailing occurs as the name of a tenant Watone; Norf.), 13th cent. Watton (a%d in the Boldon Book (Durham, 12th cent.) normally A.-Sax. *Watan-tlin (cp. Watan^ Geoffrey Wateling.—ffM«i. Rolls (Norf.) cumb, 'Cart. Sax.' no. 246) = Wata's 2 occ. short for Watlington, q.v. Estate \_Watan-, genit. of Wata + tin, estate, farm, etc.] WATLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Watlington Wattune occurs in a Latin charter (c. (Oxon : 13th cent. Watlington, 9th cent. A.D. 970) to Westminster Abbey. Watton, Uuaetlinctun, W(Btling[a\tun ; Norf.: 13th Yorks, has been identified with the Veta- cent. Watlington) = the Estate of the dun of Baeda's 'Hist. Eccl.', V. iii. If the W.«tl(a Family [v. Watling: -inga, identification and the form are correct the genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin, farm, second element in this case is O.E. diin, estate, &c.] 'hill.' And as Wsitton, Herts, occurs WATMAN, Wat's or Watt's MAN(-Servant) several times as Wadtiin in an A.-Sax. V. Watt. manor-record ('Dipl. Augl.', p. 650), this is doubtless 'Wada's Estate.' WATMOUGH"! (Teut,) Wat's Relative, more

WATMUFF /specif. Brother-in-Law [v. WATTS, Watt's (Son) 1 ,,, . " ***"• Watt ; and + North. E. mough, maugh, WATTSON, Watt's Son f brother-in-law, f. O.N. mdg-r, brother-in- William Wattes.— law, father-in-law, son-in-law = O.E. /f«»rf. Rolls. magu, mdga, kinsman, son] Cp. Watson. — —— I — —

269 Wauchope Weare

(Scot.-Eng.) WAUCHOP(E Bel. to Wauchope ('Cart. Sax.' no. 908), Weland's Smithy, i.e. (Dumfr.), 14th cent. Wdchop, Walghopp, Wayland Smith's Cave, Berks ; and in 13th cent. Waluchop = the Welsh Hope 'Welandes stocc'CCS.' no. 603), Bucks. or Hill-Recess [O.N.E. walk, Briton, And some of the chroniclers give Weland -|- Welshman -hop : v. Hope] (evid. Anglicized) as the name of a Danish invader of England a.d. 860-1. forms of Wold, q.v. [The second element seems to be really WAUDE } (^"80 -land, not -andai anger, zeal, and the name prob: repr. O.E. wea(l)land,(oxe\gn land, Thomas de la Waude. Hund. Rolls. the inference being that the characteriza- Wauds, sb.pl., Wolds : thus the ridge of tion of the heroic Weland, Super-Smith, hills in the East, part and of the North (Teut.) Vulcan, is based on a real pre- Riding of Yorksliire is called ; and some- historic persotiage, a smith of exceptional times the country adjoining is called the fame, who received from the Saxons a wauds.^ nickname appropriate to an apparently Brokeshy; Ray's North-Ctry. Wds. (1691). foreign origin. The synonymous O.Norse WAUGH (N.Eng.andScot.)Dwellerat a Wall Volund-r and O.H.Ger. Wielant do not [O.E. wag, wdh; whence Scot, waugh, correspond in form, a fact which prob.

f wauch, a wall] points in these cases to borrowing from 1 the Saxons before the migratory Willelmus Wahh.— period] Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. liaet is Hraedlan it is Hraedla's relic (or laf, legacy), As this is more specifically a Border Welandes geweorc Weland's work. name, the Wall in question is doubtless Hadrian's. Bedwulf, 913-14. Cp. Welland. WAVERLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Waverley (Surrey), V. I3th-i4th cent. Waverley, Waverle = the WAYLETT, Wallett Waver-Lea [see under Waverton, and WAYMAN (Eng.) i = Way (q.v) -f- E. man. -1- M.E. ley, le, &c., O.E. ledh, a meadow] Abb' de Waverle. 2 for Waithman, q.v. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1331. WAYMOUTH for Weymouth, q.v. WAVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Waverton (Cumb.: WAYNE = Waine, q.v. 1 3th cent. Waverton; Chesh.) = the Waver Enclosure or Farmstead. WAY RE = Ware, q.v. The Cumb. place is on the River Waver. Waver [O.E. wck^re, flickering, wavering] WAYTE}=Wait(e,q.v. seems to have been used as a name for WAYTH the aspen or trembling poplar (cp. 1 ^ yNeXM^watnie, Qq.v.v 'Wavertree,' Lane; also: "Wavers, yonng WAYTHE f timberlings left standing in a fallen wood" WEAFER = Weaver, q.v. —E. Yorks Gloss., 1788); and our Waver and Weaver streams were app. so called WEAKLEY = Weekley, q.v. from the prevalence of this tree along their banks: cp. Ash-Brook, Willow-Brook, WEAKLIN = Wakelin, q.v. Withy-Brook, Alder-Brook, Eller-Beck, WEAL 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at a Well [O.E. EUer-Burn, &c. WEALE wiellal 2 = Wale, q.v. WAY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Path or Road WEAL L J

WAYE ; [M.E. wey{e, O.E. weg'\ WEALD (Eng.) Dweller at a Weald or Thomas de la Weye. Hund. Rolls. Forest [O.E. weald] WAYGOOD (Eng.) a descendant of the A. -Sax. WEALTHY for Walthew, q.v. pers. name Wigod= War-God [O.E. wig, (Eng.) Dweller at a Weir [M.E. I war + god, a god] WEAR WEARE wer{ei O.E. wer, weir, dam, fishing- place] WAYLAND (Eng.) i Bel. to Wayland (Norf.), 13th cent. Wayland, Weyland, Weylond, John de la "Were..—Hund. Rolls. &c. = the Way-Land [O.E. weg, a way^ The Somerset parish Weare "derived path -I- lani\ its present appellation from a wear that 2 the A.-Sax. mythological and ^ers. formerly existed on the river [Axe]". name Weland, as in 'Welandes smitSSe' Nat. Gas. — ; — ) ——

270 Wearing Weedon

Cp. Ware. WEBER (Ger.) Weaver : v. the Appendix of Foreign Names. (Celt.) Dweller at the R. Wear, loth centWyrei". et meam villara dilfectam WEBLEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Webb's or 'Cart. Sax.' no. 685), Wyremnihe": Weaver's Lea [v. under Webb, and -f- hardly be Ptolemy's Vedra [the name can M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, a meadow] separated from that of the Welsh rivers Wyre and the Lane. W3rre (13th cent. WEBSTER (Eng.) (orig. female) Weaver Wyre): O.Wel. wyre, a spreading] [M.E. webster(e, webester[e, webbester(e,

&c. ; O.E. webbestre, female weaver] WEARING, V. Waring. John le Webestere. WEARMOUTH (Celt. + E.) Bel. to Wear- Htind. Rolls, A.D. 1274. mouth [v. under Wear (Celt.), and -|- le Webbester. O.E. miilSa, river-mouth] Adam Lane. Fines, A.D. 1332.

WEARN (A.-Celt.) Wollen webbesters [var. Wollewebsteres^ I V. Waifn(e WEARNE And weveres of lynnen. Piers Plowman, 436-7. WEATHERALL, v. WetheralL

(Eng.y i the A.-Sax. pers. name WEDDELL ) WEATHERBEE, v, Wetherby. Wedel.Wadel: v.VJsiddleW WEDDLE } ) 2 = Weedall, Weedell, q.v. WEATHERBURN, v. Wetherburn. WEDELL WEDDERBURN (Scot.-Eng.) Bel. to Wedder- v. Wetherby. WEATHERBY, burn = the Wether-Brook [Scot, wedder, WEATHERED O.E.we^er=0.^.ue/Sr(Da.n.-NoTw.vader), k V. Wetherhead. WEATHERHEAD. a wether, ram -|- burn, O.E. bums, a stream] WEATHERHERD, v. Wetherherd. WEDDERSPOON, v. Wetherspoon. WEATHERHOG(G, v. Wetherhog(g. WEDDICOMBE, v Widdicombe. WEATHERILT, v. Wetherheald. WEDGE (A.-rr.-Teut.) Pledge, Surety WEATHERLEY [Early Mod. E. wedge, M.E. O.Fr. wage V. Wetherley. WEATHERLY [ (Ft. gage), L.Lat. wadium: cp. O.N. «eS (=0.E. wedd), genit. pi. wetS/a, a pledge, WEATHERSPOON, v. Wetherspoon. ' surety] Bel. to Wedgwood WEATHERSTONE, v. Wetherstone. WEDGWOOD \ (EngJ I (Stafifs) [Earlier forms than WEDGEWOOD I WEAVER (Eng.) i Cloth-Weaver [M.E. the i6th-cent. Wedgwood ssem to be lack-

wever{e ; f. M.E. weveit, O.E. wefan, to ing. The name is prob. a voiced form weave] of O.E. wacce, a watch or guard + wudu, wood] Cp. Webb(e, Webber, and Webster. a 2 Dweller by the R. Weaver (Chesh.) WEDLAKE ) (Eng.) Pledge-Gift [O.E. wed- a gift, [v. under Waverton] WEDLOCK J Idc—wedd, a pledge -f- Idc, offering] William Weyver, booker (Chesh.). There is no trace of this being also a Siar-Chmhr. Proc, c, A.D. 1520 (Bostock V. Dutton). local name; otherwise it would denote 'Weedy Lake.'

WEBB "1 (Eng.) Weaver [M.E. wehhe, O.E. WEDMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Wedmore (Soms.), WEBBE webba (m.), webbe (f.), weaver] J 14th cent. Wedmor = the Weedy Moor le Adam V^ebhe.—Hund. Rolls. [M.E. wed, O.E. weod, a weed -f- M.E. My wif was a webbe, mor(e, O.E. mor, a moor] And woUen cloth made WEEDALL (Eng.) Dweller at i the Weedy She spak to spynnesteres ] WEEDELL \ Corner (-Field) [O.E. we'od, To spynnen it oute. WEEDILL J weed(s -|- healXh, a corner] Piers Plowman, 2901-4. 2 the Weedy Hill [O.E. hyll] A webbe, a dyere, and a tapycer. — , Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 362. WEEDEN \ (Eng.) Bel. to Weedon (Bucks, WEEDON J Northants : 13th cent. Wedont WEBBER (Eng.) Weaver [M.E. mebberfe, A.-Sax. W^odiin) = the Weedy Hill O.E. webbere] [O.E. w^od, weed(s + dun, hill] — —— — —— :

271 Week Welford

WEEK UEng. and Scand.) Bel. to Week, a WELBY (Scand.) Bel. to Weljjy (Lines : 13th-

WEEKE J phoDologically more correct form 14th cent. Wellebie, Welleby ; Leic.) = the than the commoner Wick, q.v. Well or Spring Farm [O.N. uel{l (Dan.- Norw. vald, with intrus. -d) b^-r] Three of the Somerset places so named -I- are or were called indifferently Week or Gilbertus de Welby. Wick. Inq. adg. Damn., A.D. i349_

= q.v. WEEKES 1 1 genit., and pi., of Week(e, q.v. WELCH Walsli, WEEKS J 2 assim. forms of Wilkes, q.v. Nicholas Welch, cooper. Chester Freemen, A.D. i638-9- WEEKLEY\(Eng.) Bel. to Weekley (North-

WEEKLY J ants), a.d. 956 Wlcledh = the WELCH iVi AN (Eng.) Welshman: v. Walsh- Wick-Lea [v. under Wick, and + O.E. man, Walsh. ledh, a meadow, &c.] Thomas Welchman. Wills at Chester, A.D. 1621. WEET (Eng.) Active, Bold [O.E. hwdkt, active, brave: cp. sharp, bold, the N.E. WELCOIVlE(Eng.) i a nickname [M.E.roefcow/^, weet, nimble] welcume; cp. O.E. wilcuma, a welcome guest] WEETiViAN (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Hwdetman{n [v. Weet, and + O.E. man{n'\ Cp. the synonymous French surname Bienvenu. App. not conf. with Welghtman. 2 Bel. to Welcombe (Devon : 14th cent. WEEVER = Weaver, q.v. Welcombe) = the Well-Valley [O.E. w{i)ell(a + cumb: v. under Combe] WEGG "1 (Scand.) the I3th-I4th cent. Wegge, In a Devonshire charter dated A.D. WEGGEj Wege, nth cent. Wege (DomesA&y), 739 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1331) we find a wealda Wegga (a pet contr. of one of the O.N. , cumb mentioned; but this does not refer Udg- = A.-Sax. W(kg- names) [O.N. udg-r to the Welcombe nr. Hartland. = O.E. wcBg, wave, sea] WELD \(Eng.) Dweller at a Weald or This IS a very ancient Teut. name- WELDE Forest [O.E. weald] element, a WcegdcBg, e.g., being given in J the A.- Sax. genealogies as the name of John atte Welde. a descendant of Woden. Pat. Rolls, A.D. 1330. Willelmus Wege: Willelmus del Weld.— Poll-Tax, A.D. Yorks Pqll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Yorks 1379. Richard Welde, sherman. 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wighill(W. Yorks), WEIGAUL Chester Freemen, A.D. 1563-4. WEIGELL ^ 14th cent. Wyghehale, Domesday for q.v. WEIGHILLj Wicheles [prob. O.E. wic, sg. WELDHEN, app. Weidon, dwelling(s, pi. fortifications, castle, &c. -|- WELDON (Eng.) Bel. to Weidon (Northants h{e)alas, pi. of h{e)al(h, a nook, corner] J ^thceat. Weidon, 13th cent. Weledon; Sec); or Dweller at the Spring-Hill [O.E. WEIGHT for Wait(e, q.v. •m{i)ell{a, a spring + dun, a hill] WEIGHTIVIAN for Waithman, q.v. WELFARE \ (Eng.) a nickname [M.E. welfare; WEI NT for Went, q.v. WELFEAR JO.E. wel, well H- faru, a faring, (lit.) a journey] WEIR, V. Weap(e. Simon Welfare. Hund. Rolls- Note: "The M'Nairs of Cowal, &c., WELFORD (Eng.) Bel. to 1 Welford (Berks), Anglicize their name as Weir."— loth cent. Weligford = the WlLLOw- MacBain, Inverness Names, p. 62. ' Ford [O.E. welig, a willow + ford\

WELBORN(E ] (Eng.) Bel. to Welborne 2 Welford (Warw.-Glouc), I3th-I4th WELBOURN(E WNorf.), Welbourne (Lines), cent, Welneford, Domesday Welleford = WELBURN J Welburn (N. Yorks'); or the Ford of (by) the Springs [O.E. Dweller at the Well or Spring Brook w{i)ella, a spring, genit. pi. w{i)ellena + [O.E. w(i)eU{a + burna] .ford\ The Yorkshire villages occur as Welle- 3 Welford (Northants), I3th-i4th cent. brune in Domesday-Book. The Lincoln- Welforde, Welleford = the Ford by the shire place was Wellebum in the 13th cent. Spring [O.E. w{f)ell{a, a spring -f-/or

272 Welham Welling

WELHAM (Eng.)Bel. to Welham; or Dweller WEL(L) BELOVED (Eng.), the isth-cent. Wele- I at the Spring-Enclosure [O.E. beloved, has its French equivalent in w(fiell(a, a spring + ham(m a piece of Bienaime, the name of the admiral who land, enclosure] represented the French Government at Walter de Welham. the funeral of Queen Victoria. Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. WELLBOURN(E, v. Welboupn(e. Cp. the common local name Springfield. WELLBURN, v. Welburn. WELLBY, V. Welby. 2 At the Sprinos [O.E. w(i)ellum (occ. WELLEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Wells [M.E. w(i)ellun), dat. pi. oiw(t)ell(a, a spring] wellen, wells: v. Wells] The Notts place ("St. John's Well WELLER (Eng.) i Dweller by a Well or . . . has lost much of its former celebrity'') Spring [M.E. welle, O.E. w{i)ella the was Wellum, Wellom, i3th-i4th-cent. + agent, suff. -ere] Wellun and Wellon in Domesday-Book. 2 for Wilier, q.v. The'Yorks village, Wellom{e I3th-i4th (Eng.) Bel. to Wellesley = Cent., was also Wellun and Wellon in WELLESLEY the Well's Lea [O.E. wiell, genit. Domesday-Bk. The Leic. parish is on wielles, a spring 4- (M.E. the R. Welland; consequently in Dom.- ledh legh, lev, &c.), a meadow] Bk. we fii)d Walendeham, as well as Tho' Waleham. de Welleslegh. Inq.adq. Damn. (Soms.), A.D. 1310-11. The documentary evidence shows that Philip' de Welleslege.— the second signification is the commoner. Charter-Rolls (Soms.), A.D. 1331. WELK (Eng.) a nickname from the Whelk The Index to the 'Cal. MSS. Dn. & Ch. [O.E. weol(p)c] Wells' has the following forms of the M.E. period: Welleslegh, Weleslee, Weleslegh,/ Matilda le We\ke.—Hund. Rolls. Welesleghe, Welesleye, Wellesleghe, Wellest leigh, Wellesleye, Wellesley^h, Wellesliai WELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Spring [O.E. ., w(i)ell(a'] Wellislegh.

Robertus de Welle.— . . . Waleran de Wellesley, who is Charter-Rolls (Lines), A.D. 1250-1. stated to have been of a branch of Wellesley, of Wellesley, co. Somerset. Johannes del Well. This Waleran was justice itinerant for Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Ireland in 1261. As a surname Well has almost entirely Burke's Peerage, &c., s.n. 'WeUington.' been swallowed up in Wells. This name has the appearance of em- bodying a personal name, but app. it WELLAN (Eng.) i an apocopated form of does not. Welland, q.v. Cp. Wesley. 2 for Wellen, q.v. WELLICOME (Eng.) I Dweller at the Willow- WELLAND (Eng.) i Bel. to Welland (Wore), Valley [O.E. welig, a willow -f cumh 14th cent. Wenland, 13th cenl. Wen(e)lond, (Celt.), a valley] Weheland = Wen(n)a's Land [A.-Sax. 2 for Welcome, qv. *Wen(n)an-land, Wen(n)an- genit. of WELLING (Eng.) Bel. to Welling, A.-Sax. Wen(n)a, f. O.E. wdna, hope] Wellingum, Welingum (both dat. pi. forms 2 Dweller at the Spring-Land [O.E. occur in the same loth-cent. Hertford-

w(i)ell{a, a spring, well + land] shire Latin Will : 'Cart. Sax.' no. 812) = At (the Place of) the Wel- Family [the 3 Dweller by the River Welland, occurring in very late copies or versions pers. name is either f. O.E. wel, more of Latin charters of the A.-Sax. period as commonly wcel, slaughter, death, &c., or Weland3.nd. Weelandhhe orig.is doubtful, O.E. wela, prosperity, happiness, &c.: -1- the dat. pi., but seems to be the dat. (either pi., -ingum, of the 'son' w{i)ellun, or sing. m(t)ellan) of 0.'E.w(i)ella, suff. -ing] William de Wellynge. a spring ; the -d in the name in that case being therefore the common post-» Hund. Rolls (Norf.) intrusion] The place referred to in the above- cited loth-cent. Herts doct. seems to There has been confusion with Way- be that now called Welwyn. land, q.v. There is a Welling in Kent, but it is WELLARD, v. Willard. said to be a modern village. — — — —

273 Wellings Wemyss

WELLINGS is found as a surname as well as WELLSTEAD (Eng.) Dweller at the Spring- Welling: in this case the -s is app. WELLSTED Stead [O.E. iu(i>//(n, a spring, merely an imitative suff. WELLSTEED well Steele, a place] WELLSTOOD^ -I- WELLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wellington (Soms.: 13th cent. Welington, Laud-Giant WELLUM, V. Welham. —Lat. cum A.-Sax.—by King Eadweard WELMAN, V. Wellman. to Bishop Asser Welingtun, Weolingtuu; Salop: 14th cent. Wellington, 13th cent. WELSBY, v.Walesby.

Welinton, Welintone\ Heref. : 14th cent. Wellington; Staff.: 15th cent. Welington), WELSH, V. Welch, Walsh. for orig. A.-Sax. = the We{6)linga-tim WELSTEAD Estate of the Wela or Weola Family V. Wellste(a)d. [the pers. name is O.E. wela, meola, weal, WELSTED I prosperity, &c. -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the WELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Welton = the Farm- fil. suff. -ing tiin, estate, &c.] -f stead by the Spring [O.E. w{i)ell{a, a The first Duke of Wellington took his spring -f tiin, a farmstead, &c.] title from the Somersetshire town. Welton, Northants and Lines, was Welton I3th-I4th cent. Welton, Soms., (Eng.) or WELLMAN Dweller at a Well was Weleton 13th cent. Welton, Yorks, Spring [O.E. w(i)ell{a + mamt] was Welleton and Welletun in Domes- day-Bk. WELLOCK, V. Wheelock. WEM (Celt.) Bel. to Wem ; or Dweller by the WELLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wellow; or Dweller Cave or Den [M.Ir. and Gael, uaim (mod. (-/for by the Willow [O.E. welewe'] uaimh, uamk) ; cogn. with Wei. ogof earlier -m), a cave, den] The Wilts place occurs in various (Cave of the men), "a charters of the A.-Sax. period as Welewe; Uamh nam fear Island of St. and either the Hants or the neighbouring very singular cavern in the Mac Cormaig, in the Sound of Jura." Wilts Wellow (or both) is referred to in

K. jElfred's Will : "and minre yldstan The same word is used in the Irish dehter fisene h^m set Welewe" (and to my Odyssey with reference to the cave of the eldest daughter the vill at Wellow). A Cyclops stream ("flumen") called Welwe is men- Is and sin tanic Uilix d'iarrair ind fir tioned in an eighth-cent. Somerset Latin m6ir, co riacht co dorus na \\-uama (Then charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 200). went Ulysses to seek the big man and the door of the cave). — John Schuphurd of Welewe (Soms.), came to Ulysses), 1. Merugud Uilix (Wandering of AD. 1 390- —AfS5. Dn. & Ch. Wells. A.D. 1300, 11. 50-1. But Wellow, Notts, I3th-I4th cent. (Eng.) Bel. to Wem (for Whem); or Welha(g)h, Welhawe, is f. O.E. w(i)ell(a, 'a Dweller at the CORNER or Nook of Land spring,' and haga, 'an enclosure.' [O.E. hwemm] Salop, in Domesday-Bk. Wenie, WELLS (Eng.) Bel. to Wells ; or Dweller at Wem, the Springs [O.E. m{i)ell, wylla, a spring, is prob. Celtic. fountain] WEM BLEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wembley (M'sex), Both Wells in Somerset and Wells in WEMLEY J 9th cent. (Lat. charters) Wemba = [A.-Sax. Norfolk occur in charters of the A.- lea, Wambe lea Wamba's— Lea Sax. period as 'aet Wyllan — dat. of wylla *Wamhan-ledli (dat. led) Wamban-, genit. —and WelUs. The Soms. name refers of Wamba, a nickname f. O.E. wamb, more specifically to a spring near the stomach] cathedral called St. Andrew's Well; but WEMS "1 (Celt, -f- Eng.) Bel. to Wemyss there are "numerous springs in the neigh- WEMYSS J (Scot.) ; or Dweller by the Caves bourhood." [v. Wem (Celt.), and -|- the E. pi. suff. -s'\ Ego Wlfhelm Fontanensis episcopus. The coast [at Wemyss, co. Fife], which Cart. Sax. no. 794, A.D. 944. is bold and rocky, extends a considerable Gilbert de Welles. distance into the sea, and is perforated Hund. Rolls (Norf.), A.D. 1274. with many caves. One of these caves extends 200 feet in length, and in another WELLSPRING (Eng.) Dweller at a Spring James IV was entertained by gipsies. [O.E. w{i)ell{e)spryng, a spring] Nat. Gaz. (1868) — ; ——— —— ——

274 Wenborn Weint

WENBORN (Scand.) app. represents an O. WENLOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Wenlock (Salop), Norse Uinbiorn = Friendly Bear [O.N. I3th-I4th cent. Wenlok, Wenloke, Domes- uin-r, a friend + biorn, a bear] day Wenloch = (prob.) Wena's Strong- hold [A.-Sax. *Wenan-loca — Wenan-, WEN genit. of (f. (Eng-) I = Went(e, q.v. Wena wena, hope) -f- loca, a WEN DE } stronghold, fortified enclosure] John atte Wend, A.D. 1381.— Prior et Conventus de Wenloke. Blomefield, Hist- Norf. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1268-9.

(rarely) 2 f. the A.-Sax. pers. name Wenda (llie form Wendel—with dim. suff. WEN MAN = Wainman, q.v. -el—was commoner, esp. compounded) WENN (Eng.) Dweller at the Furze [a var. of [the ethnic name : prob. f. an O.Teut. word seen in O.H.Ger. wentt, a bovmdary, M.E. winne, whynne, whin, furze; cogn. turning (Mod. Ger. wende, a turning, with Scand. hven, bent-grass] turning-point); hence the Mark or March Johannes atte Wenne. People—O.H.Ger. iw?Mte« = O.Sax. wend- Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1315-16. ian = O.E. wendan = Goth, wandjan, to turn] WENNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wennington (Lanes, Hunts, Essex), the A.-Sax. *Wen- WENDENl (Eng.) Bel. to Wenden (Gt. and inga-tiin = the Estate of the Wena Little), 13th cent. WENDON J Wendon(Essex), Family [the pers. name is O.E. wSna, [doubtless (as is so often Wenden, Wendon hope -f- the genit. pi., -inga, of the fil. the case) -den is for -don, O.E. dun, a hill suff. -ing + tun, farm, estate, &c.] the first element prob. being the pers. The Hunts place occurs in a loth-cent. name Wena (O.E. wSna, hope): if the -den Latin grant as Wenintona and Wenigtone. were really original (certainly Domesday- The Lanes township was Weninton, Wen- Bk. has Wendena) it, of course, would igton, and Wenington in the 13th cent. ; it be O.E. denu, a valley] is situated on the Wenning Brook, whose In 1261-2 the manor of Wendon (Essex) name is doubtless from the place-name. belonged to Mauricius de Berkeley. There has been some confusion with

WENDLIN "1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wendling (Norf.), Winnington.

WENDLING I 13th cent. Wendling, A.-Sax. (?Celt. -|- Eng.) Bel. to Wensley *Wend(e)lingas (dat. Wend(e)lingum) = (the WENSLEY (Yorks), 13th cent. Wenslay-dale, the Estate of the) Wendel Family [v. under Domesday Weudreslaga and Wentreslage Wend', and -|- the pi., -ingas, of the O.E. [O.E. ledii, a meadow : the first element ' ' son suff. -ing'\ Abbas de Wendlyng. has the appearance of being a pers. name in the genit. ; but pre-i ith cent, lorms are Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1352. desirable ; and, in fact, the Domesday But for the occurrence of the same -re- may represent the river-name Ure, in patronymic in Wellingborough (North- which case Went- would also be Celt., ants), the A.-Sax. Wendlingburg, we prob. O.Wel. g)went, a plain] might have suspected the -ing of the Norfolk place-name tobetheO.North. and WENT (Eng.) Dweller at a Passage, Alley, ] East.E. ing, borrowed from O.N. eng, WENTElor Crossway [Dial, and M.E.

'meadow.' WEINT j went{e; f. O.E. wendan, to turn, to go] (Celt.) Bel. (Bucks), WEN DOVER toWendover Henry de la Wente. Hund. Rolls. 14th cent. Wendover, Domesday Wen- Is thorugh a goter [gutter] by a privg dovre, 10th cent. (obi. case) (zt Weendofron wente (/ as v) = the White or Clear Water Into chaumbre [the early form of Wei. g)wyn {iem.g)wen) my come... Chaucer, iii. = Corn, guyn, gwin = Bret, guen = Gaul. Troil. & Cris., 787-8.

vind-,vih\\.e, fair -f- the early form of Wel. Went, a way; as, 'at the four wents', dwfr — Corn. rfo/er=Bret. dour = Ir. and i.e. at the meeting of the four ways. Gael, dobhar = Gaul, dubr-, water] Pegge, Kenticisms (1735). Went, a crossway. WENHAM (Eng.) Bel.to Wenham (Suff.), 13th- 14th cent, and Domesday Wenham = (prob.) Parish, Diet. Suss. Dial. (1875). Wena's Home [A.-Sax. *Wenan-hdm— Wents, narrow lanes in Cockerraouth, Wenan-, genit. of Wena (f. wSna, hope)-f Workington, and other towns. hdm, home, estate] Dickinson, Cumbd. Gloss. (1878). —— — —

275 Wentworth Western

Between the Tower and the river at A shipman was ther, wonynge [dwelling] one time was a passage which led into fer by weste; the churchyard ... this passage became a For aught I woot [know] he was of street, and is now Prison Weint.— Dertemouthe. Stonehouse, Streets of L'pool (i&6^), p. 16. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 388-9.

TheYorks river-name Went(e (v. under WESTACOTT = Westcott (q.v.) with phon. Wandsworth) has prob. had no surnominal intrus. influence. -a-. Cp. Wend(e. ^°'"^®^*''^"' "'•'' WeIt EUL I WENTWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wentworth

(Yorks : 14th cent. Wynt(e)morth, Domes- WESTAWAY = Westway (q.v.) with phon.

day Winteworde ; Cambs : a.d. 1428 intrus. -a-. Wynteworthe (Skeat, ' PI. Names Camb.,' p. 27), Domesday Winteworde), A.-Sax. WESTBURY (Eng.) Bel. to Westbury (a *Wintanwor'S = Winta's Farm or Estate common Eng. place-name) = 1 the West [Winta — the name of one of the early Stronghold [O.E. west + burh, burg, a descendants of Woden — is app. not a fortified place]

Tent, name : it is prob. Celt., t. the early Thus, Westbury-on-Trym occurs in a form (v. under Wandsworth) of Wei. charter of Offa, king of the Mercians, as white, fair, blessed : 1- O.E. Ivor's, g)wyn, 't(5 Westbyrig' — byrig, dat. oiburg; and farm, estate, homestead] Westbury-on-Avon in a charter by the same king as Wesiburg. The Bucks place WERE = Weir, Wear(e, q.v. was Westburi in the 13th cent.

-\- WERNETH (Celt.) Bel. to Werneth (Lane. : 2 the West Hill [O.E. west beorh] 14th cent. Wernyth, 13th cent. Vernet = the Alder-Grove, Alder-Mead [Wei. WESTBY(Scand.)Bel. to Westby = the West [O.N.««;-r4-Jj'-'',farm,estate] g)weriiydd {dd as th), f. g)wem-en, alder- Farmstead tree, with the pi. suff. -ydd] The Yorks place occurs as Westeby in the 14th cent. WERNHAM, v. Warnham. Cp. Westerby. WERRY, V. Warry. WESTCOATT, v. Westcott. Peter Werri.- -Hund. Rolls. WESTCOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Westcomb(e = WESCOTT for Westcott, q.v. the West Valley [O.E. west + cumb (f. Richard de Wescote. Celt.] Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. WESTCOTT (Eng.) Bel. toWestcot, Westcote, or at the WESLAKE for Westlake, q.v. Westcott ; Dweller West Cottage(s [O.E. west + cot, pi. cotui WESLEY I for Westley, q.v. Nicholas de Westcote. Hund. Rolls. 2 for Wellesley, q.v. WESTERBY (Scand.) Bel. to Westerby; or Arthur Wellesley, first Duke of Welling- Dweller at the Western Farmstead ton, signed himself 'Wesley' in the early [O.N. Mff.s

WESS I = Wass, q.v. WESTERHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Westerham 2 for West, q.v. (Kent), Late A.-Sax. Westerham = the Western Estate [O.E. westera, prop, WESSCOTT for Westcott, q.v. cpv., more westerly -t- hdm, home, resi- dence, estate] WESSON, an assim. form of Weston, q.v. WESTERMAN (Eng.) Western Man [O.E. (Eng.) One from the West ; a West- WEST westerne mann] couNTRYMAN [M.E. west(e, O.E. west] -t- Robertus del West. WESTERN (Eng.) Westerner [O.E. Kirater/i^, Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. western] ——— — — — — :

276 Westerton Westron

WESTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Westerton = the the O.E. genit. pi. -a, which circumstance Western Farm or Estate [v. under makes it likely that the local name was Westerham, and+ O.E. tiin, farm, estate] also orig. pi. = the Westmen's Cottages [v. under Westman, and + O.E. cot, pi. WESTGARTH (Scand.) Dweller at the West cotu, dat. pi. cotum] Enclosure [O.N. uest-r + gar'S-r\ WESTMARLAND for WestmoKe)land, q.v. WESTGATE (Eng.) Bel. to Westgate; or Dweller at the West Gate (of a city or WESTMORE (Eng.) Dweller at the West enclosure) [O.E. west + geat\ Moor [O.E. west + mor (M.E. mor(e] William de Westgate. Hund. Rolls- WESTMOR(E)LAND (Eng.) Bel. to West- WESTHALL (Eng.) Bel. toWesthall; or Dweller moreland, A.-Sax. Chron. a.d. 966 West- at the West Hall [O.E. west + h{e)all] tnoringa land = the Land of the Sons (People) of the West Moor(s [O.E. At Westhall, Suff., we find the tauto- west a moor genit. pi. of logical 'Westhall Hall'. + m6r, + -inga, the 'son' suff. -ing + land]

WESTHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Westham ; or Rad'us Com' Westmorland'. Dweller at the West Dwelling or Charter-Rolls, tp. Hen. IV. Enclosure [O.E. west + ham, hamni] Cold Cumberland, which yet wild West- Thus Westham, Sussex, is so named merland excells from its position with regard to Pevensey. For roughness, at whose point lies rugged Fournesse Fells, (Eng.) Dweller at the West WESTHEAD Is fill'd with mighty moors. . . . Head or Top [O.E. west + hedfod (M.E. Drayton, Poly-Olbion, xxiii, 209-11. heved, &c.), head, top, high ground] Robert del Westheved. WESTOBY for Westerby, q.v. Lane. Fines, A.D. 1313. WESTON (Eng.) Bel. to Weston (common) WESTHORP(E (Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to = the West Farmstead, Hamlet, or Westhorpe = the West Farmstead, Village [O.E.^est -\- tun, dat. tune] Hamlet, or Village [O.E. west = O.N. Tlie two ts were assimilated to one in uest-r O.E. O.N.)>orp: v. Thorp(e] + the A.-Saxon period. Thus, to take two Joh'es de Westhorp (Line). loth-cent. instances, Weston, nr. Bath Ittg. ad q. Damn., AD. 1408-9. (so called from its position relative to the latter), is referred to as "in loco qui WESTLAKE (Eng.) Dweller at the West dicitur at Westune" (dat. : 'Cart. Sax', Stream or Pool [O.E. west + lacu, no. 1009) ; while Weston, Dorset, is stream, pool] spoken of as "in loco quern solicolae at

There is a Westlake in S. Devon. Westune vocitant" (dat. : 'C.S.' no. 696).

WESTLEIGH] (Eng.) Bel. to Westlei-h or Will'us de Weston. WESTLEY IWestley = the West Lea Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1270-1.

WESTLY J [O.E. west + ledh : v. Lea, Leigh] WESTOVER (Eng.) Bel. to Westover (Soms. A.D. 1325-6 IVestovere] Hants, &c.) = the Westley, Camb., was Westele m the West Edge, Bank, or Shore [O.E. west 15th cent., Westle in the 13th. + dfer]

WESTMACOTT for Westmancott, q.v. WESTOW (Eng.) Bel. to Westow = the West Place [O.E. west; and v. Stow(e] WESTMAN (Eng.) Westerner [O.E. west + man{n, sometimes mon{n\ WESTRAY (Scand.) i i6th cent. Westwray(e Thomas Westman. = the West Nook or Corner [O.N. urd\ Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. uest-r -I- The corresponding O.N. uestma'S-r 2 One from the Island of Westray denoted more specifically a man from the (Orkneys), 13th cent. Uesturey = the British Isles, esp. Ireland. Western Island [O.N. uestri, prop, cpv., more westerly -|- ey, island] WESTMANCOTT (Eng.) Bel. to Westman- cot(e (Wore), the Domesday Westmone- 1^^"- °f Western, q.v. cote, where the medial e prob. represents WESTRON 277 Westrop Wevill

WESTROP \ (Eng. & Scand.) Bui. to Westrop WETHERH(E)ALD (Eng.) Dweller at the WESTROPE orWestrup = the West Thorp Wether-Slope [O.E. TO^tS(^)r -1- h{e)ald: WESTROPP or Village (p.E. west = O.N. V. Heald] WESTRUP ' uest-r + O.K. O.N. ^rop, ^orp] (Eng.) Wether - Herd Cp. Westhorp(e. WETHERHERD ; Shepherd [O.E. we'S{e)r + hierde] WESTRUM for Westerham, q.v. WETHERHOG(G (A.-Scand.) a nickname from the sheep WESTWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the West Road male (Wether -Hog) so called dialectally = [O.K. west + [O.E. we'S{e)r O.N. ue^r; and v. Hogg] WESTWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Westwick = the Wether-hog : A male lamb of a year West Dwelling(s [O.E. west + wic] old. — Cole, S.W. Line. Gloss-, p. 165. The Yorlcs place was Westuuic in Domesday-Bk. Tlie Camb. township WETHERLEY(Eng.) Dweller at the Wether- Lea [O.E. we^e)r ledh (M.E. ley'] was Westwik, Westwyk, and Westwyc in + the 13th cent. Westwick, Norf., was West- WETHERSFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the in the wyke 14th cent. Wether's Field [the genit. of O.E. we'S{e)r feld] WESTWORTH (Eng.) Dweller at the West -f- Farm or Messuage [O.E. west + lvor^ Wethersfield, Essex, was Wetheresfeld in the 13th cent. WETHERALD, v. Wetheph(e)ald. WETHERSPOON (A.-Scot.) Dweller at tlie WETHERALLl (Eng.) Dweller at the Wether's Pound [the genit. of O.E. WETHERELL \ Wether-Nook or -Corner we'6[ey -\- piind (N .JE. and Scot, pun).

WETHERILL J [O.E. we^e)r, wether, sheep pound, enclosure] + h(e)aUh, nook, etc.] WETHERSTON(E, v. Witherston(e. (Scand.) Dweller at the Wether-Slope [O.N. ne^r -f hall-r] WETHEY, v. With(e)y. As the Cumberland Wetheral (13th cent. Wetherhal{e, Wederhale) "is situ- WETTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wetton [early forms

ated on the steep banks of the Eden," seems to be lacking : phonologically an it is evid. of Scand. origin. orig. A.-Sax. Wettan- or Wtetan-tiin = 'Wetta's' or 'Wseta's Estate' is admis- Cp. Wetherh(e)ald. sible] WETHERBEE for Wetherby, q.v. There appears to have been some con- fusion with Watton, q.v. WETHERBURN (Eng.) Dweller at the Wether-Brook \0.^.we'^{e)r + burne] WETWANG (Eng.) Bel. to Wetwang (Yorks), Cp. Wedderburn. 14th cent. Wetewange, Domesday Wet- wang- = the Wet Plain or Field [O.E.

WETHERBY (Scand.) Be!, to Wetherby wikt -t- wang\ (Yorks), the Domesday Wedrebi = the (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wifel, Wether or Sheep Farm [O.N. ue'^r WEVILL a nickname from the Weevil [M.E. wevil, + b^-r] wivel, O.E. wifel, a beetle] (Eng.) Bel.toWetherden (Suff.), WETHERDEN At first sight it would seem strange 13th cent. Wetherden = the Wether- that this nickname from an insect should Valley [O.E. welSiey + denu] have been so common among the A.- Saxons as the longish list of O.E. place- WETHERED for Wetherhead, q.v. names, identified (as in the cases of WETHERELD the mod. Wiveliscombe, Wivelsfield, WETHERELT for Wetherheald, q.v. and Wivelsford) and unidentified, con- WETHERILT taining it shows it to have been. The explanation is that wifel (like wibba, also WETHERFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the meaning 'beetle' and used as a pers. Wether-Field [O.E. we'^[e)r + feld] name) is conn, with O.E. wefan, 'to weave', Cp. Wethersfield. the weevil at one stage of its existence enclosing itself in a protecting web or

WETHERHEAD(Eng.) Dweller at theWETHER cocoon ; and the nickname would there- Head or Top [O.E. we'S{e)r + hedfod, fore commonly be applied to a weaver, head, top, high ground] which accounts for the fact that Wifel only . —

278 Weyland Whatling

seems to occur as the peis. element in Hw.ela'sLea [the pers. name is f. O.E. place-names and not in the extensive hwcEl, hwal{l, bold, forward -|- ledh, list of attesters of A.-Saxon charters. meadow] The point is further illustrated by the WHAM (Eng.) Dweller at a Corner or Nook denotes cognate E.Fris. wefer, which [O.E. hwamni] both 'weaver' and 'beetle' ; and by Ger. WHARAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wharram (Yorks), weber, which, in addition to 'weaver', I the the connotes the genus bombyx [Lat. bombyx, WHARRAM j Domesday Warham = silkworm] Dwelling or Enclosure in or by the Basin or Hollow [O.E. hwer, basin, WEYLAND, V. Wayland. cauldron, hollow -1- ham(m, dwelling, enclosure] WEYMAN, V. Wayman WHARDLE for Wardle, q.v. WEYMOUTH (Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Wey- mouth (Dorset), 13th cent. lVeyniuth,\n a WHARFE (Eng.) Dweller at a Wharf [O.E. an embankment, dam] late and corrupt copy of a charter of King hwerf, jEthelstan ('Cart. Sax.' no. 738) Waimou\>, (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Wharfe WaymouY = the Mouth of the K. Wey [prob. conn, with Wei. givyrf, pure, fresh] [the river-name is Celt., f. the early form a var. of q.v. of Wei. givy, -wy ( = 0. Ir. fia), water, WHARMBY, Quarmby, which more commonly yields the Angli- WHARNCLIFFE (Scand.) Bel. to Wharncliffe cized Wye (thus the Montgomeryshire (W. Yorks) [app. O.N. huenia, basin, Afon [River] Gwy is also called Wye cauldron -|- kleif, cliff: the name, there- River), although the Wei. Conwy is fore, denoting a cliff with a basin-like Englished Conway : —|- O.E. muSa, river- mouth] depression]

WHARRIE 1 (Celt.) f. the East. Scot, whaurie, (Eng.) Bel. to Whaddon (fairly WHADDON WHARRY \ a term of endearment [app. f. the common), the A.-Sax. Hwdetedun = the WHARY J Pict. cogn. of Wei. chwaer, a

Wheat-Hill [O.E. hwdste + dun] sister ; with E. dim. suff. -ie, -y] Whaddon, Bucks, was the Domesday (Eng.) Bel. to Wharton (several), Wadone. Whaddon, Glouc, was Wadune WHARTON 13th cent, usually Querlon (for Wherton) inDomesday-Bk.,Warfrfo/ieand Watdone in = the Farmstead in or by the Basin or the 13th cent. Hollow [O.E. hwer, basin, cauldron, hollow (= O.N. huerr, kettle, cauldron, WHAIT 1 (Eng.) Active, Vigorous, Bold WHAITEJ \OJ£..hw(Bi\ cave) -f tiin, farm, &c.] But the Westmoreland Wharton, al- Whaite's (Son). WHAITES, though occurring repeatedly in the 13th WHALAN and 14th cent, as Querton, is found as Werfton in 1202 ; and if this earlier form is WHALEN for Whelan, q.v. WHALON to be trusted the etymon is prob. O.E. hwerf, 'embankment', 'dam' ('wharf).

WHALE 1 (Eng.) i a nickname (from the WHATE = Whalte, q.v. WHALL J Whale) for a ponderous individual (the name Whalebelly is also said to WHATELEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Whateley or exist) [O.E. hwcel] cent. WHATELY \ Whatley (Soms.), 13th Thomas le Whal. WHATLEY J Whateleg,' in late versions of Cal. Geneal., A.D. 1303. charters of the A.-Sax. period Whate- leighe ('Cart. Sax', nos. = the 2 Bold, Forward [O.E. hwal, hwal{l] 168, 438) Wheat-Field [O.E. feycete -1- ledK\ 3 for Wale, q.v. See Wheatl(e)y; and cp. Whatfield, WHALEBONE for Walbopn, q.v. Suff., and Whatcroft, Chesh.

(Eng.) for a.Q * WHALEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whaley; doubtless 'WHATLING A.-Sdix.. Hwmtling (cp. 'Whatlington', Suss.) = Hw^t(e)l's the same name as Whal ley, q.v. Son [the pers. name is f. O.E. hwat, WHALLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whalley (Lane), active, bold, brave, with the dim. suff. the M.E. Whalley{e, Whallay, Walley, -{e)l + the 'son' suff. -ing\ Wallay, Qualley, Quallay, A.-Sax. ('Chron.' There has prob. been some confusion A.D. 798) Hwealledh = Hweala's or with Watling. —— : — —

279 Whatman Whelan

WHATMAN I = Wheatman, q.v. Cp. Ryman. Richard Whatteman. 2 = Whiteman, q.v. Soms. Subs-Roll, A.D. 1315-16. WHEATON (Eng). i Bel. to Wheaton = the 2 for Watman, q.v. Wheat-Enclosure [O.E. hwikte +tun] WHATMORE (Eng.) Bel. to Whatmore (Salop) 2 = Whitton, q.v. = the Wheat-Moor [O.E. hwcete + m6r\ Wheaton Aston, Stafls, was Whetone Aston in the 14th cent. WHATMOUGH for Watmough, q.v. WHEATSTONE = Whetstone, q.v. WHATTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whatton (Notts 13th cent. W(h)atton, Domesday Watone ; Leic.) = the Wheat-Farm [O.E. hwAte + WHEBLe'"} "^"""P' '°™^ °'^ Wlbble, q.v. tun] WHEELAN, V. Whelan. WHAYMANforWayman, q.v. WHEELER (Eng.) Wheelwright [O.E. hwM, (Celt.) Dweller by a (Cornish) WHEAL Mine a wheel -|- the agent, suff. -ere] [Corn, hwel, whel] Richard le Whelere. The names of Cornish Mines are fre- Close Rolls, A.D. 1347. quently very amusing. Sometimes they This emanate from the name of the estate in name was Latinized Rotarius in mediaeval which they are situated; and oftener from rolls. the name of the landlord, or a favourite WHEELEY, a syncopated form of Wheatley, one of his family, as Wheal Edgcumbe, q.v. Wheal Tremayne, Wheal Frances, Wheal WHEELHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at, or by, the Elizabeth, Wheal Kitty, &c. Sometimes Wheel-House (i.e. a shed which covered their origin may be traced to the ancient a wheel used lor hauling or raising (as Tin Bounds, as Ale and Cakes, Ding water) [O.E. -\- hiis] Dong, &c. Others are the result of hwM fancy, or perhaps situation, or circum- Willelmus de Whelehous. stance, as Wheal Chance, Wheal Cost is Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Lost, &c.— WHEELOCK(Eng.)Bel. toWheelock(Chesh.), Tregellas ('Town of the Groves'), 14th cent. Whelok [lack of suff. early Cornish Tales, p. 142. forms makes this unique name difficult to

WHEAT elucidate : prob. the second element is (Eng.) White, Fair [O.E. hwit] O.E. loc(a, enclosure, stronghold, and the WHEATE I first for O.E. hwit, white] Dweller WHEATCROFT (Eng.) at a Wheat- WHEELTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wheelton (Lane), Croft [O.E. hwdete + croft, a small fieldj 14th cent. Whelton, Queltone, 13th cent. Quelton (for Hwelion) [here again the lack WH EATLAN D (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wheat- of A.-Sax. forms makes impossible a Land [O.E. hwdste -f land] definite pronouncement as to the origin

2 the White Land [O.E. hwit + land] of the first element of this unique name : a reasonable suggestion, however, is that it represents O.E. hwealf, hollow, con- WHEATLEYl (Eng). Bel. to Wheatley ; or cave) : 1- O.E. tiin, enclosure, &c.] WHEATLY J Dweller at i the Wheat-Lea [O.E. hwdete + leak] WHEEN (Eng.) a Northern form of Queen, q.v. 2 the White Lea [O.E. hwit + ledh] It need hardly be said that this name Johannes de Whetlay. has nothing to do with the Scot, wheen,

Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. O.E. hwene, 'somewhat', 'a little' : cp. Wheatley, '^oiis,Wateleie and Wateleia Lane, wheem for O.E. cweme, 'convenient', in Domesday-Bk., was Whetleye, and also and whick for O.E. cwic, 'living'. Whiteley, in the 14th cent. Wheatley, WHEILDON = Wheldon, q.v. Durh., was Whetley and Whatley in the 14th cent. Wheatley, Oxon, was Watele WHELAN (Celt.) i a form of O'Phelan, q.v. in the 13th cent. Wheatley, Doncaster, 2 for the Irish O'h-Oileain = De- was Watelage in Domesday-Bk. scendant OF OiLEAN [Ir. d or ua, grand- the intervocalic insertion WHEATMAN (Eng.) i Wheat-Man (Dealer) son -f- h -f- [O.E. hwikte -H maniii] the genit. of oilean, nurture, instruction] ;

280 Whelch Whiskard

first WHELCH for Welch, q.v. of O.K. pul{l : for the element earlier forms are desirable, but it prob. repre- WHELDON "1 (Eng.) Early furms of this sents O.E. wylm, wielm, a flowing, burst- WHELLDON J local name seem to be lack- ing out] ing; but the probabilities point to O.E. WHINERAY \ hwealfi 'hollow,' as the source of the WHINERY (Scand.) Dweller at the first element: the second represents O.E. WHINNERAH I Whin-Corner [Scand. hven, diin, 'hill.' WHINRAY [bent-grass -f- vraa (O.N. urd), There has prob. been some confusior: WHINROW corner, nook] with Weldon, WHINWRAY The i6th-cent. N.Lanc. spellings WHELEN 1 Whin{e)rawe (found in addit. WHELON \ for Whelan, q.v. Whinrow, to reflect the mod. Scand. WHELLAN J Whinwray), pron. {aa almost as aw). WHELP (Eng. and Scand.) Cub (as a term of endearment) [O.E. hwelp — O.N. WHINFELL (Scand.) Bel. to Whinfell (Cumb., Westmd.) = the Whin-Fell [see under huelp-r ( = O.H.Ger. h)welf) : prob. ono- matopoeic] Whineray, and -|- O.N. fall, hill] a weak form of q.v. 'Guelplt- is a Fr.-Teut. form ; cp. the WHINNETT, Whinyate, Ital.-Teut. pers. name Guelfo, whence the (Scand.) Dweller at the Whin- famous Ital. family-name Guelfi. WHINNEYT

WHINNY J Field [see under Whineray, and field, WHENHAM for Wenham, q.v. -I- O.N. hagi, pasture] WHINYATE (Scand. -|- E.) Dweller at the WHEN MAN for Wenman, q.v. Gate or Opening by the Whin [see WHENNERY, v. Whineray. under Whineray, and -|- M.E. yate, O.E. geat] WHERRY, V. Wharry. WHiPP (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wippa, Wipp{e [f. the Teut. stem *wip, to swing, WHERWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wherwell (Hants), &c., seen in Dut. to skip. loth cent. (King Eadred's Will) Hwerwyl wippen, Low Ger. to bob, Dan.-Norw. = the Well in the Basin or Hollow wippen, vippe,

to swing, see-saw ; and ult. in E. whip] [O.E. hwer, basin, hollow, cauldron -f- wylQ, wiell, well, spring] A thane named Wipp-ed is recorded, in the A.-Sax. Chron., under a.d. 465, as WHETHERLEYl c ... .. , f"-- WetheHey, q.v. having been slain by the Britons in Kent. WHETHERLY } Allan Wyppe.—Hund. Rolls. WHETSTONE (Eng.) Bel. to Whetstone = the White Stone or Stone Castle WH IPPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whipple or Whiphill [O.E. hwil + Stan] (14th cent. Whiphulle, WhyphuU, Soms. 13th cent. Wiphulle, Wilts) = Wippa's WHETTON = Whitton, q.v. Hill [see under Whipp, and -|- M.E. WHICKER for Wicker, q.v. }mll(e, O.E. hyll, hill]

I cannot trace that there has been any WHICKHAM for Wickham, q.v. confusion with Whimple. for q.v. WHIDBURN Whitburn, WHIPPS, Whipp's (Son): v. Whipp.

WHIELDON = Wheldon, q.v. WHIPPY = Whipp (q.v.) -f the E. dim. suff. -y.

WHIFFEN UCeh.) Direct evidence is lack- WHIRK = Quirk, q.v. WHIFFIN / ing, but the name seems to re- WHISHAW(Eng.)Bel.toWhishaworWishaw present the Wei. chwipyn, 'quick,' 'swift,' (Warw.), the Domesday Witscaga = the with the p mutated to ph = ff. White Wood [O.E. hwit -j- scaga, a WHIGHAM forWigham, q.v. wood]

WHILEY for Wiley, q.v. The etymology is supported by the proximity of Whitacre. WHILLOCK = Wheelock, q.v. WHISKARD (Eng.) for the uncommon A.-Sax. WHIMPLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whimple (Devon), Wisg{e)ard = Wise Defender [O.E. wis, 13th cent. Wympel [the second element wise, prudent + g{e)ard, fence, bulwark, is avid. Dial. E. pell, pill, a pool, a form &c.] — — —

281 Whisker Whitehand

WHISKER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. IVisgar = WHITBURN (Eng.) Bel. to Whitburn; or Wise Spear [O.E. wis + gar] Dweller at the White or Clear .Stream [O.E. burne'] WHISKEY for Wiskey, q.v. hwit -h Whitburn, Durh., was Whitburne in the loi- WHISLER Whistler, q.v. i4th-cent. Survey of the Palatinate of Durham. WHISSON (Eng.) an assini. foim of Whiston, q.v. WHITBY (.Scand.) Rcl. to Whitby = the WHISTLER (Eng.) Whistler, Piper [O.E. White Dwelling(s [O.N. hiiit-r 4- by-r] Irwistlere] Whitby, Yorks, the Domesday Witebi, Johannes Whi.sleler. was Slreones halh before the Danish in- Yorks PoU-Tax,A.D. 1379. WHISTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whiston (several) WHITCHURCH (Eng.) BeL to Whitchurch = the White Stone, Rock, or White- (common) ; or Jeweller by the White Stone Residence [O.E. hivit + stdit] Church [O.E. hwit + cirice] The Yorks place (where there are Whitchurch, Salop, and Whitchurcli, quarries of white stone) occurs as Wite- Dorset, were Latinized in our mediaeval Stan in Domesday-BooU, in which botii rolls as Album Monasterium, or de Albo Staff, hamlets are Witestone. The North- Monasterio, and Frenchified Blancminster ants parish was Whiston m the 13th or Blauncminster. Whitchurch, Hants, cent. The Lane, village was Whitstan occurs in the A.-Saxon Chron., under in the 14th cent. : here "the old Whiston a.d, iooi, as '<&\. Hwitciricean'—dat. form. Hall and its outbuildings, still to be Whitchurch, Denbigh, is also known by seen, are built of white stone." the equivalent Welsh name Eglwys Wen. WHITACRE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at i the White WHITCOMB 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Whitcomb or WHITAKER J Field [O.E. hwit + acer] WHITCOMBEJ Whitcombe = the White 2 the Wheatfield lO.E.hwmte + acer\ Valley or Hollovj? \0.'E. hwit + cumb

The two Warwicksh. Whitacres were (Celt. : v. Combe] Netherwhitacre and Overwythacre (for Over- or whytacre) in the 14th cent. WHITE (Eng. & Scand.) Of White Fair Complexion [O.E. hwit = O.N. huit-r] WHITADDER (Eng.) Dweller at the White Hwita was the name of an 8th-cent. or Clear Spring or Watercourse bishop of Lichfield.

[O.E. hwit -t- didre] Roger le Whyte.—i/M«d. Rolls. There is a stream of this name in co. Haddington into which runs a Black- WHITEAKER = Whitaker, q.v. adder. WHITEAR = Whittier, q.v. WHITBECK (Scand.) Dweller at the White or Clear Stream [O.N. huit-r + bekk-r\ WHITEAWAY (with intrus. -a-) for White- way, q.v. WHITBOURNE (Eng.) Dweller at the White or Clear Stream [O.E. hwit -j- burne] WHITEBREAD = Whitbread, q.v. More specifically Whitbourne, Here- WHITECHURCH = Whitchurch, q.v. fordsh. WHITEFIELD = Whitfield, q.v. WHITBREAD (Eng.) a trade-name for a seller of White Bread, i.e., the best bread WHITEFOOT (Eng.) Dweller at the White [O.E. hwit -f bread: as bread in A.-Saxon (liill-) Foot [O.E. hwit -t- f6t] more commonly meant 'crumb,' 'piece,' the usual term for 'white bread' was WHITEHALGH (Eng.) Dweller at the White hwite hldf, white or wheat loaf] Corner or Nook [O.E. hwit + h(e)alh] This name was Frenchified by Norman William de Whitehalgh. scribes as Blancpain or Blauncpain. On Preston Guild Rolls, A.D. 1397. the other hand, there is no doubt that Cp. Greenhalgh. Whitbread was sometimes an Angli- cization of an orig. French Blancpain, WHITEHAND (Eng.) White Hand (a nick- usually occurring to-day in France as name) [O.E. hwit + hand] Blanpain. Adam Whythand. William Wytebred.—i/M«d. Rolls. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. —— — —

28: Whitehead Whitgift

Isoud la Blanche Mains. 2 occ. for the A.-Sax. pers. name Morte d'Arthur, VIII, xxxv. Wihtmcbr = Sprite-Famous [O.E. wiht, sprite, elf mckre, famous, glorious] Blanchemain does not seem to have -f survived in France. WHITEOAK (Eng.) Dweller at the White Oak [O.E. hwit 4- dc, oak-tree] (Eng.) i With a White Head WHITEHEAD ; White-haired, Fair-haired [O.K. hwit WHITER (Eng.) 1 Bleacher [O.E. hwit, white -{ hedfod] -I- the agent, suff. -ere] Adam Whiteheved. Cp. Whitster. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.r>. 1379. 2 ocr. for the A.-Sax. pers. name 2 (occ.) Dweller at the White Head or Wihthere = Sprite-Army [O.E. wiht, (of field, Top &c.) sprite, &c. -f here, army] Cp. Blackhead and Greenhead. There has been some confusion with Whittier, q.v. WHITEHORN (Eng.) Dweller at the White Corner (horn-shaped piece of land) WHITES, White's (Son): v. White. [O.E. hwit + horti] But Whithorn, Wigtonsh., the Candida WHITESIDE (Eng.) Dweller at the White (of hill, dale, etc.) [O.E. hwit -\- Casa of Baeda ('Hist. Eccl.' III. iv.), re- Side a presents the O.E. Hwitcsrn = White side] House [O.K. hwit + cern] Richard Whhside.—Hund. Rolls. WHITEHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the White WHITETHREAD (Eng.)a curious corrupt form House [O.E. hwit + hits] of the common A.-Sax. pers. name Stephen atte Whitehous.— Wihtrckd = Sprite-Counsel [O.E. wiht, sprite, &c. -|- counsel] Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. rdd, Wihtrmd was the name of a Kentish (Eng.) Dweller at the White WHITEHURST king, d. A.D. 725. Wood [O.E. hwit -h hyrst, a wood] Cp. Blackhurst. WHITEWAY (Eng.) Dweller at the White Way or Road [O.E. hwit -\- weg]

WHITELAM 1 (Eng.) a nickname: White WHITEWOOD (Eng.) Dweller at the White WHITLAM I Lamb [O.E. hwit -\- lamb] Wood [O.E. hwit + wudu] Alicia Whitlambe. Cp. Blackwood. Yorks PoU-Tax, A.D. 1379. WHITEY (Eng.) Dweller at the White Hey WHITELAW (Eug.) Dweller at the White or Enclosure [O.E. hwit -h ge)hceg, haga] Hill [O.E. hwit -I- hl(kw, a hill, (burial) mound] Nicholas de la Wytheg'. Hund. Rolls.

WHITELEGG \ forms of Whiteley (q.v.) WHITFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Whitfield; or WHITELEGGEJ with the guttural g of the Dweller at i the White Field [O.E. 4- dat. form, ledge, of ledh, i., retained. hwit feld]

2 the Wheat-Field [O.E. hwckte -V feld] WHITELEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the White this local WHITELY ] Lea [O.E. hwit + ledh (M.E. In our 1 3th-ccnt. Rolls surname ley), a meadow, field] occurs as Whytefeld and Wytefeld.

(Eng.) i a White WHITELOCK With Lock ; WHITFORD (Eng.) Dweller at the White

White-haired ; Fair-haired [O.E. hwit Ford [O.E. hwit -\-ford]

-t- locc, lock of hair, hair] WHITGIFT (Eng.) Bel. to Whitgift (W. Yorks), 2 Dweller at the White Enclosure or 14th cent. Whidgift. Stronghold [O.E. hwit -\- loc{a] [This unique name is curious, and not 3 occ. for the A.-Sax. pers. name without difficulties. The I4th-cent. form, Wihtldc = Sprite-Play [O.E. wiht, sprite, however, gives us a good clue to the pro- elf -|- Idc, play, sport, etc.] bable origin of the first element — O.E.

WHITEMAN I = White (q.v.) -(- man. ge)hw(kde, small, slight ; and the second reasonably be supposed to be what 2 for WIghtman, q.v. may it seems—O.E. gift, denoting more esp. a WHITEMORE (Eng.) i Dweller at the White bridegroom's marriage-gift to his bride. Moor [O.E. hwit + m6r] This interesting place-name therefore — — —— —

283 Whitham Whittham

app. exemplifies the famous old Teutonic WHITNEY (Eng.) Bel. to Whitney (Heref.), custom of giving a wife a present on the 13th cent. Wyttenye, Whiteney, A.-Sax. morning after the wedding as the price of *Hwilan-ig = Hwita's Island or Low her virginity, the act being crystallized in Riparian Land [Hwitaii-, genit. oiHwita, the - term 'morning gift'—O.K. morgen- f. hwit, white f ig, island, &c. (Whitney gifu = O.N. morgingiof= Ger. morgengabe] is on the R. Wye)] Eustachius de Wiiiteney. WHITHAM (Eng.) Dweller at the White Charter-Rolls (Heref.), A.D. 1283-4. Enclcsure or Dwelling [O.E. hwit + ham{m] There has been confusion with Witney, q.v. WHITING (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name Hwiting = Hwit(a)'s Son [O.E. hwit, WHITRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at the White -\- white, fair + the ' son ' suff. -itig] Ridge [O.E. hwit hrycg] Gerin Wyting. Hund. Rolls. More specif., Whitridge in Northum- berland. 2 Dweller at the White Meadow [O.E. hwit + O. North. & East. E. ing (O.N. eng), WHITRIGG (Scand.) Dweller at the White a meadow] Ridge [O.N. huit-r -\- hrygg-r]

WHITLAM, V. Whitelam. Whitrigg, Cumb., was Whyterigg in the 14th cent. WHITLEYl (Eng.) Dweller at i the White

(Eng.) i White's Son : v. White. WHITLIE J Field or Meadow [O.E. hwit + WHITSON ledh] 2 for Whitsunday : a name given to Simon de Whitleghe. one born on that day [O.E. hwita sunnan- Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. dceg, lit. White Sunday] 2 the Wheat-Field [O.E. hwdte + William Wytesoneday. Hund. Rolls. ledh] WHITLOCK = Whitelock, q.v. WHITSTABLE (Eng.) Bel. to Whitstable (Kent), 14th cent. Whitstaple = the White see WHITLOW (Eng.) Dweller at the White Staple or Market [O.E. hwit ; and HilL [O.E. hwit + hlcBw, a hill, (burial) under Staple] mound] WHITSTER (Eng.) (orig. Female) Bleacher Cp. Whitelaw. [O.E. hwit, white -f- the fem. agent, suff. -estre] WHITMAN = Whiteman, q.v. Whitster, sb., a bleacher. This word is WHITMARSH (Eng.) Dweller at the White now almost obsolete, but 'Whitster's Marsh [O.E. hwit + mersc] Arms' is still a common alehouse sign. Lane. Gloss. (1875), p. 280. WHITMELL (Eng.) = Whitmlll, q.v. " Whitaker, Whitacre. (Scand.) Dweller at the White Sand- Wh!™E^R^ } HiLL [O.N. hutt-r + mel-r, a sand-hill, sand-bank] WHITTALL (Eng.) i Dweller at the White

Hall [O.E. hwit -I- h(e)all] (Eng.) Dweller at the White WHITMILL 2 interchanged with Whittle, q.v. Mill [M.E. whit, &c., O.E. hwit + M.E. mille, &.C., O.E. myln] WHITTAM for Whitham, q.v.

WHITMORE (Eng.) Dweller at i the White WHITTARD (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name Moor [O.E. hwit + mor] Wihth{e)ard = Sprite-Brave [O.E. wiht, sprite, &c. -|- h(e)ard, hard, brave] Whitmore, Staffs, was the Domesday Witemore. WHITTEAR = Whittier, q.v. 2 (occ.) the White Mere [O.E. hwit + mere] WHITTEMORE = Whitmore, q.v. William de Witimere. WHITTEN for Whitton, q.v. Hund. Rolls (Salop) WHITTER = Whiter, q.v. Whitnell (Soms.»), WHITNALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to 14th cent. Whitenhull - the WHITNELL I WHITTERIDGE = Whitridge, q.v. White Hill [O.E. hwilan, obi. form of the weak decl. -|- hyll] WHITTHAM = Whitham, q.v. — — — — —— —

284 Whitthread Whitwill

WHITTHREAD = Whitethread, q.v. Ric'us Whityngton et alij (London). do. do. A.D. 1410-11. WHITTICK 1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name This is the Dick Whittington of legend- WHITTOCK \Hwit{t)uc, HwU(t)oc, f. = hwit ary-cat and pantomimic fame. WHITTUCK J White, with the dim.siiff.-uc-oc.

WHITTLE (Eng.) i Bel. to Whittle = (a) the WHITTIER (Eng.) White-Leather Dresser; White Hill [O.E. hwit + hylX\ Harness - Maker [M.E. whitetawier, (6) the White Nook or Corner [O.E. whitawyer, &c, (Dial. E. whit{t)awer) ; f. M.E. whit{e, O.E. hwit, white, and M.E. hwit -I- h{e)alh^ tawen, O.E. tdwian, to prepare or dress, The Lane. Whittle (-le-Woods) was as skins] Withul{l, Whithull, also app. Wythalg and Geoffrey le Whitetawier. Quitehalhe, in the 13th cent., Whityll in ihf^ Mun. Gildh. Loud. 15th cent.; so that there has been early contusion here, some of is Whitawer, a collar-maker or maker of which doubt- husbandry-harness. less due to the lact that there are one or two other small spots in Lane. o( the same Northants Gloss., ii. 396. name. Whittawer, one who "taws" whit- 2 = White (q.v.) [O.E. hwit'\ + the leather ; also a husbandry-harness maker dim. suff or mender; speaking generally, a whit- -el. tawer is to a saddler what a cobbler is to 3 interchanged with Whittail, q.v. a shoemaker. Leic. Gloss., p. 289. WHITTOME for Whitham, q.v. WHITTING = Whiting, q.v. WHITTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Whitton (common) WHITTINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Whittingham = (a) the VVhite Farm or Hamlet [O.E. hwit -j- tun'] (Northumb. : 14th cent. Whitingham ; Lane: 13th cent. Whytingham,Dom

Witingheham ; Haddington : 13th cent. O.E. hwit, wliite, fair] Whitingham), the A.-Sax. *Hwitinga-hdm 2 = Wheaton, q.v. = the Home OF the Hwit(a Family [O.E. hwit, white, fair -|- -inga, genit. pi. of the WHITTONSTALL (Eng.) Bel. to Whittonstall fil. suff. -ing + ham, home, estate] (Northumb.), a.d. 1307 Whitonstall = Robert Whittingham. (prob.) Hwita's Stall or Place [the Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1439-40. genit., Hwitan-, of the A.-Sax. pers. name Hwita, f. O.E. hwit, white, fair \- O.N.E. WHITTINGSTALL for Whittonstall, q.v. stall, place, stead, stall]

WHITTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Whittington WHITTOW 1 (Scand.) Dwellerat the White (common): i the A.-Sax. *Hwitinga-tun = WHITTOWE J How, Hill, or Burial-Mound the Estate of the Hwit(a Family [O.E. [O.N. huit-r + haug-r] hwit, white, fair -inga, genit. pi. ot the -f- (Eng.) Dweller at the White Hoe or fil. suff. -ing -^ tiin, estate, farm, &c.] Hill [O.E. hwit + ho] 2 for the A.-Sax. *//witoj-to'« = HwiTA's V. Whitey. Estate [Hwitan-, genit. sing. o( Hwita, f. WHITTY,

hwit, white, fair -f- tiin] WHITWAM (Eng.) Dweller at the White Whittington, Wore, occurs in a Latin Corner [O.E. hwit \- hwamm, a corner, charter dated a.d. 816 ('Cart. Sax.' no. angle] 357) as Huitingttin and Huuitingtun. The Glouc. parish, formerly Whyttyngtone, was WHITWELLl (Eng.) Bel. to Whitwell (com- Witetune in Doraesday-Bk. The Staffs WHITWILL J mon) = the White or Clear (Lichfield) village, 14th cent. Whitington, Spring [O.E. hwit -\- w(i)elld] was Hwituntun in the loth cent. Gt. Whit- tington, Northumb., was Whitington Magna Two of the Yorks places so called were a.d. 1296. The Lane, township was Uuiteuella and Uuiteuuelle in Domesday- Book. Whityngton and Whytington in the 13th cent., Witetune in Domesday-Bk. Walter de Wytewelle. Ric'us Whytington et Henr' London et Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. alij (London). Johannes de Whitwell. Cal. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1409-10. Yorlis Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. — — — —

285 Whitworth Wickfield

WHITWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Whitworth = WICK "I (Eng.) Bel. to Wick [O.E. wic (sg.), the White Farmstead [O.E. hw{t+ war's] WICKE J dwel]ing(s, village, market-place,&c.; Whitworth, Lane, was Whyteword in (pi.) camp, castle] the cent., 13th Wyteworth and Whiteworth And was bar wonnand in fiat wik in the 14th. jjat hight losep, a burges rile. (And there was dwelling in that wick = q.v. WHITYER Whittier, [Capernaum] One called a rich burgess.) WHOLESWORTH for Holdsworlh, q.v. Joseph, Cursor Mundi, 12491-2. WHORMBY for Wharmby, q.v. (Scand.) Be!, to Wick ; or Dweller at a (small) Bay, Inlet, or Creek [O.N.k;^] WHY I for Quy, q.v. Cp. Week. 2 for Wye, q.v. WICKEN (Eng.) i Dweller by a Mountain- WHYATT for Wyatt, q.v. Ash [Dial. E. for (tree) wicken quicken ; prob. so called from the sensitiveness of (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Whiteborough WHYBREWl ; the leaves : M.E. quik, O.E. cwic, Hving, WHYBRO Vor Dweller at the White Hill lively (cp. O.E. cwicbedm, aspen-tree] WHYBROW J [O.E. hwit + beorh] Wicken, the mountain-ash or rowan- 2 for Wybrow, q.v. tree. S-W. Line. Gloss., p. 167.

WHYMAN 1 Cowman [N.E. and Scot, why, At Seal Bank, near Greenheld, Saddle- quy, Dan.-Norw. kvie, O.N. kuiga, a heifer, worth, is a place called the Wicken-Hole, + man (Dan.-Norw. mand—pron. man— from the abundance of trees of this kind O.N. maun-] growing there. Lane. Gloss., p. 28 1. 2 for Wyman, q.v. Cp. Rowntree. WHYMPER (Eng.) for Whimperer [E. whim- 2 a pi. form of Wick, q.v.

per = Ger. wimmern, to whimper : onoma- topoeic] WICKENDEN (Eng.) Divellcr at the Moun- tain-Ash Valley or Hollow [v. under WHYTE = White, q.v. Wicken, and -|- M.E. den{e, O.E. denu, WHYTLAW = Whitelaw, q.v. valley]

WIARD, see the commoner form Wyard. WICKENS (Eng.) i pi. of Wicken', q.v. 2 a weak form of Wilkins, q.v. WIATT, see Wyatt.

i = (q.v.) -(- the E. WIBBLE (Eng. andA.-Fr.-Teut.) adescendant WICKER (Eng.) Wick oilhe A.-Sax.Wibald,Wigh{e)ald = War- agent, suff. -er. Bold [O.E. wig, war, battle + b{e)ald, 2 a descendant of the common A.-Sax.

bold, brave] ; and f. the homogeiielic Fr. pers. name Wihtgdr = Elf-Spear [O.E. Guibal, O. Teut. Wifgjbald. wiht, sprite, elf -|- gar, spear] A Wihtgdr was a nephew of Cerdic, the WIBERD 1 (Eng. andA.-Fr.-Teut.) the common sixth-century king of Wessex. WIBERT J A.-Sax. Wigbe{o)rht(raTe\y Wiberht) = War-Bright or -Illustrious [O.E. WICKERS, Wicker's (Son) ] wig, war, battle -|- be(o)rht, bright, bril- v. Wicker. WICKERSON, Wicker's Son J liant, &c.]; and i. the homogenetic Fr. &uibert (Domesday Guibertus), earlier WICKES I genit. of Wlck(e, q.v. Wibert, O.Ger. Wibert, Wigber(h)t, &c. 2 an assim. form of Wilkes, q.v. Wiberht occurs as the name of a witness to a Wore. (Lat.) charter c. a.d. 800. The WICKET(T(A.-Fr.-Teut.) Dweller by a Little of the French saint Guibert was name Gate [M.E. O.Fr. wiket (Fr. guichet); f. Latinized Vichbertus- (with Fr. dim. suff. -et) Teut., as O. Sax. Adam Wyberd. Hund. Soils. wikau = O.E. wican = Dut. wijken = O.H.Ger. wihhan (mod. weichen), to yield, WIBROW, see the commoner form Wybrow. give way = O.N. uikia, to move, turn, yield] (v. WICH (Eng.) Dweller at a Wick Wick) ; iDUt this palatal form Wich, Wych, refers WICKFIELD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wick- more particularly (in the Middle-West) Field [v. under Wick, and -|- M.E. O.E. to salt-works [cp. O.E. s{e)aliwic] feld\ — —

286 Wickham Widowson

A Wykfeld occurs in the Charter-Rolls In Eng. place-names -den is frequently for Staffs A.D. 1252-3; and a Wikefeld in for -don [O.E. diin, a hill, down]: cp. the an Inq. ad q. Damn, for Berks A.D. 1314-15. Devon place-name Widden Down.

WICKHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wickham (common); WIDDER"! (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name or Dweller at the Wick-Meadow or WIDER J Widhere = Great Army [O.E. -Enclosure [v. under Wick, and -f O.E. wid, wide, great -f- here, army] ham{m\ WIDDERS I Widder's (Son) : v. Widder. Thus in Berks, Essex, Wickham Hants, 2 for Widdows. and Kent occurs as Wicham in charters of the A.-Saxon period. WIDDICOMB(E (Eng.) Bel. to Widdecombe

(Devon) ; or Dweller at the Withy- WICKIN I an assim. form of Wilkin, q.v. Valley [O.E. wmg{= O.H.Ger. wida, 2 for WIcken, q.v. M.H.Ger. wide), withy, willow -|- cumb (L Celt.), valley] WICKiNG (A.-Scand.) Viking, Pirate [O.E. A wi'Sigcumb occurs in a Soms. charter O.N. wicing, uiking-r] A.D. 854 ('Cart. Sax', no. 476).

WICKiNS, Wickin's (Son) : v. WIckin. WIDDISON for Widdowson, q.v.

WiCKLEY (Eng.) Dweller at thd Wick-Lea WIDDOWS (Eng.) (the) Widow's (Son) [v. under Wick, and -|- O.E. leak (M.E. [M.E. wid{e)we, O.E. widwe, widow] ley), a meadow] Cp. Wigley'. WIDDOWSON^ (Eng.) (the) Widow's Son [M.E. wid{e)we, O.E. widwe, widow] WICKLIFFE, V. the commoner WyclifFe. WIDFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Widford ; or Dweller at the Wide Ford [O.E. wid + ford] WiCKNER 1 (Eng.) Bailiff, Steward [O.E. occurs in a loth-cent. WICKNOR I wicnere] A widaford Wilts charter ('Cart. Sax', no. 756). WICKS I genit. of Wick, q.v. WIDGAR 1 (Teut.) the common A.-Sax. pers. 2 an assim. form of Wilkes, q.v. WIDGER J name Wihtgdr (occ.Witgdr), O.Ger. Wi{h)tger = Elf-Spear (magic speai) WICKSTEAD 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wickste(a)d [v. [O.E. O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wiht, creature, WICKSTED I under Wick and Stead ; the elf, demon -f O.E. gdr = O.Sax. O.H. WICKSTEED ) O.E. wkstede denotes literally Ger. g^r (O.N. geir-r), a spear, javelin] 'dwelling-place', as in the quotations ; but as a place-name the connotation seems The voicing of Mo rf in the surnames to imply community—'village-community': is due to the influence of the following see the quotation from the Cumbd. Gloss. voiced letter g. under Stead as to common rights] WIDGERY (Eng.) a palatalized descendant of wongas [fields, plains] and wlc stede. — the A.-Sax. Wigric = War-Rhler Beowulf, 4915. [O.E. wig, war -|- rica, ruler] wlc stede weligne dwelling-place a palatal form of [accus,] prosperous WIDGINGTON, WiggintOn, Wcfegmundinga of the Wffegmund q.v. family. WIDMER (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. pers. name Bedwulf, 5207-8. Widmckr = Far-Famed [O.E. wid, wide, The chief source of the surname is the far -{- mikre, famous] Cheshire Wicksted, 14th cent. Wykstede, 2 Dweller at the Wide Mere [O.E. Wyckesiede. wid -f- mere, a lake]

= Widmerpool, is Pool', WIDCOMBE(Eng.)Bel.toWidcombe(Soms. : Notts, 'Widmeer's 14th cent. Wydecombe, loth cent, wida as the I2th-cent. form Widmespol and the cumb— 'on widan curnb'); or Dweller at the Domesdajr Wimarspol show. Wide Valley [O.E. w(d -f cumb (Celt.): WIDNELL for Withnell, q.v. V. Combe] WIDOWSON(Eng.) (the) Widow's Son [O.E. WIDDEN (Eng.) Dweller at i the Wide wid{u)we + sunu] Valley [O.E. wid + denu] William le Widwesone. 2 the Wide Hill [O.E. wid + dun] Plac. de quo Warr, — — —

287 Wier Wigham

WIER = Weir, q.v. WIGFULLforWigfail, q.v.

"^"^^ °^ Whiffen, Whiffln, q.v. (Teut.) Warrior [13th cent. wIpFm' 1 WIGG War; Wygge, Wigge, A.-Sax. Wigga, Wicga,

WIGAN (Eng.) 1 Bel. to Wigan (Lane), 13th Wiga, Wig ( = O.Ger. Wigo, Wigi, &c.,=

cent. Wygayn, Wygati, Wigan [Although O.N. Uigi) — wig. war ; wiga, warrior] this place is evidently very ancient no Wig, a descendant of Woden (who prob. very early forms of the name are found. fl. in the 3rd cent. A.D.), was an ancestor At first sight the name would seem to be of the kings of Wessex. the genit., wigan-, of O.E. wiga, warrior the (cp. wigan camp of loth-cent. Sussex WiGGAN, v. Wigan. charters : 'Cart. Sax", nos. 834, 1125), with a lost local second element ; but more or WIGGANS, V. Wigans. less reliable history tells us that several

battles were fought in -|- the neighbourhood WIGGETT 1 (A.-Fr.-Tent.) = Wigg (q.v.) between the Britons and the Saxons WiGGOTT ) the Fr. dim. suff. -et, -ot. (Iligdeu's 'Polychronicon', bk. v.) and The modern French surnames are "the fact remains that large quantities Viguet, Vigot. of bones of men and horses have from time to time have been turned up here''. (Eng.) descendants of the A.-Sax. pers. 1 believe that the name is the pi., wigan, name Wigod, Wiggod = War-God [O.E. of O.E. wiga, warrior, the reference being wig, war -|- god, a god] to the slain in these battles, and the Adam Wigod. Hund. Rolls. inference being that the bodies were so numerous as to preclude immediate burial WIGGIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Wigg (q.v.) + the and thus to give a distinctive name to the Fr. dim. suff. -in. battle-area] (Eng.) for Wigan, q.v. . . . sub urbe de Wygan.— Higden's Polychronicon, v. bk. WIGGINS, WiGGiN's (Son) l^wyi^^in""'esm- . . . under the citee of Wygan.— WIGGINSON, Wiggin's Son/ Trevisa's Transl. A.D. 1387. (Eng.) Bel. to Wigginton (sev- Wiganthorp(e,Yorks, is a different name, WIGGINTON eral), A.-Sax. *Wig(g)an-tun = Wig(g)a's the Domesday Wichingastorp {ch as k) Estate \Wig{g)ati-, genit. ot Wiglg)a (v. showing tliat it represents the 'Viking's C3.E. farm, estate, &c.] Thorp'. Wigg) -I- tun, Wigginton, Staffs, was Wicgintun in the 2 the I3th-cent. pers. name Wygan, nth cent. ; also Wigetone (Domesday-Bk.). Wygeyn, Wigeyn ; repr. the O.E. wigend, The Oxfordsh. parish was Wygynton in Warrior [ = O.Sax.«;(^a«(f and O.H.Ger. the 13th cent. The Herts place was wigant (mod. Weigand — a Ger. surname] Wygenton in the 131)1 cent. The N. Yorks Wygan le Bretun. Hund. Rolls. township was Wichisiun in Domesday- Bk., as if the scribe thought that the pers. WIGAND, v. under Wigan^ name was Wigg{e (genit. Wigges). WIGANS, WiGAN's (Son): v. Wigan'. (Eng.) Bel. to Wiggles- WiGFALL (Soand.) Dweller at (app.) the WIGGLESWORTH (Yorks), 14th cent. Wyielsworth, Battle-Hill [O.N. uig, battle, war -|- worth Wyglesworth, Domesday Wincheleswrde, fiall, a hill, mountain] A.-Sax. *Wigeleswor^ = Wigel's Estate Wigfall' occurs in the A 'Henricus de or Farm [the pers. name (with dim. suff.

Yorks PoU-Tax, a.d. ; but it does not 1379 -el) is f. O.E. wig, war, or wiga, warrior the spot in necessarily follow that ques- (the same name with further dim. suff. tion is in Yorkshire. An A.-Sax. equivalent -in, Wigelin—'Wigelines beam', i.e. child would which is prob. the be *wigbeorh, —occurs in the A.-Sax. poem describing original of the Essex Wigborough, where the Battle of Maldon A.D. 993) : is "supposed to mark the spot a tumulus + O.E. wor'S, estate, &c.] where those slain in a battle with the form seems to Northern pirates were buried." The Domesday be merely an accidental nasalization. WIGFIELD seems merely to be a voiced form of Wicl

288 Wight Wilburton

WIGHT (A.-Scand.) Agile, Strong [M.E. WIGNALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wiggenhall (Norf.), wyght, wight, wiht (M. Scot, wicht), active, 13111 cent. Wigenhale, O.Angl. *Wig{g)an-

strong ; O.N. uigt, neut. of uig-r, fit for hall = Wig(g)a's Hall lWig(g)an-, gen\t.

fighting] of Wig(g)a: v. under Wigg -1- O.Angl. Sire Werch-wel-with-thyn-hand, hall] A wight man of strengthe. WIG RAM (Teut.) War-Raven [O.Teut. wig, Piers Plowman, 5194-5. war -I- ram, as in O.H.Ger. h)ram = O.E. . . . she [Cenobia] koude eke hnem{n, raven] Wiastlen, by verray force and verray myght. WIGSON (Eng.)WiG(G)'sSoN : v. under Wigg. With any yong man, were he never so wight.— Chaucer, Cant. Tales, B 3455-57. WIGSTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wigston (Leic), I

See also the quotations under Wallace. WIGSTONE I early-iith-cent, Wiggestdn = Wigg's (Stone) Castle [v. under Wigg (Eng.) tlie A. -Sax. pers. name Wiht ; and O.E. stdn] (also Wihta), common as the first element -I- in compound names [O.K. elf, sprite, wiht, WIGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wigton, A.-Sax. creature] *Wig{g)antun = Wig(g)a's Estate or

Farm [Wig(g)a7i-, genit. of Wig(g)a : v. WIGHTMAN = Wight (q.v.) -f man. under Wigg -|- O.E. ttin, farm, &c.J (Eng.) WIGHTWICK Bel. to Wightwick, the The Cnmbld. place was Wigeton in the A.-Sax. *Wihtan-wic = Wihta's Wick 13th cent., Wiggeton 12th cent. The Scot, [Wihtan-, genit of Wihta : v. Wight' + burgh was Wyggeton in the 13th cent. O.E. wic: V. Wick] WIG Z ELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wigsell (Suss.), anc. WIGINTON, v. Wigginton. Wigsale = Wig's Hall [the genit., PFjIg-gi-, of Wig: v. under Wigg O.E. seel, hall] WIGLESWORTH, v. Wigglesworth. -t-

a form of q.v. WIG LEY (Eng.) i Bel. to Wigley (Derbysh.), WIKE, Wick, 131I1 cent. Wyggeley, A.-Sax. *Wigfg)an- Walter de la W'ike.—Hund. Rolls. ledh = 'WiG{G)A's Lea [Wigig)an-, genit. of Wike, Harewood, Ycirks, was Wic in Wig(g)a: V. Wigg + O.E. ledh (M.E. ley), Domesday-Bk. a meadow] 2 Bel. to Wigley (Hants), A.-Sax. WIKEMAN I = Wike, Wick (qv) -I- man. Wicledh ('Dipl. Angl.', p. 495) = the WIKMAN -|- Wick-Lea [v. under Wick ; and O.E. ledh, a meadow] WILBERFORCE (Scand.) Bel. to Wilberfoss (Yoiks), 13th cent. Wylberfosse = WiL- WIGMAN (Eng.) Soldier [O.E. wigmatm; f. borg's Waterfall [O.N. foss, fors, wig, war : conesp. to O.N. uiemai-r. waterfall] warrior] WIGMOND, V. Wigmund. WILBRAHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wilbraham (Camh.: A.Sax.Wilburgehdm, 'Dipl.Angl'., WIGMORE (Eng.) i Bel. toWigmore (Heref. Chesh.: A.D. ; p. 597 ; 1303-4 Wilberham) Salop), A.-Sax. *W''i;g-(^)fl?;-»j(>r=WiG(G)A's = Wilbukg's Home or Estate [A.-Sax.

Moor [Wig{g)an-, genit. of Wig(g)a : v. Wilburge, genit. of Wilburg (fem.) : v. Wigg -t- O.E. mdr (M.E. mor{e] Wilbur + ham, home, &c.] Abbas et Conventus de Wiggeraore. WILBUR (Eng.) the A.-Sax. fem. name Wil- Charter-Rolls (Heref.), A.D. 1264-5. burh or Wilburg = Beloved Stronghold Prior Abbacie de Wigmore. or City [f. O.E. wil(l)a, will, wish, joj', Ing. ad q. Damn. (Heref.), A.D. 1332. thing desired or beloved -f- burh, burg, a 2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wigmckr = fortified place] War-Kenowned [O.E. wig, war, battle A Wilbiirh was a daughter of Penda, -|- mdere, famous, &c.] the 7th-cent. king of Mercia.

WIGMUND (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers. The cognate Mod. Scand. (fem.) name name Wigmund='Wak-Vrotechovl [O.E. is Vilborg. wig, war, battle -(- mund, (lit.)hand, pro- WILBURTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wilburton tection, protector] (Camb.), A.D. 970 Wilburhtiin ('Cart. Sax'. A Wigmund was the son of Wiglaf, a no. 1268) = WiLBURH's Estate [v. under 9th-cent, king of the Mercians, Wilbur; and -f O.E. tiin] — —— — —

289 Wilby Wildsmith

WILBY (Scand.) Bel. to Wilby (Northants, The Weald of Sussex is always spoken Norf., Suff.), 13th cent, usually Wylleby, of as The Wild by the people who live in Wyleby = UiLi's Farm or Estate [the the Downs. pers. name (= A.-Sax. Willa) is f. O.N. Parish, Diet. Suss. Dial. (1875). P- 'So- uili (genit. uilia), will, desire, joy, &c. : for q.v. + by-r, farmstead, &c.] WILDASH Wildlsh, There has been some confusion with WILDBLOOD (Eng.) a nickname for a Rake Welby. [O.E. wilde + bl6d\ Richard Wyldeblode. WILCOCK 1 14th cent. Wylcoc, Wylkok, Wil- York Minster Fabric-Rolls. WILCOCKE I kok, 13th cent. Wilecoc, Wilecocc = Will (pers.), q.v. + the pet swfi.-cock. WILDBORE (Eng.) a nickname (rom the Wild There has been some confusion with Boar [M.E. ,wild{e, O.E. wilde + M.E. Wilcot(t. bore, O.E. bar'] (Eng.) a nickname from the , WILD(E)GOOSE WILCOCKS, WiLCOCK's (Son) \ vwiicooK. Wild Goose [O.E. wilde gds"] WILCOCKSON, WiLCOCK's Son J + Adam Wylltokson. WILDER (Eng) represents the common Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379- A.-Sax. pers. name Wealdhere = Mighty Army [O.E. ge)weald, power, might -|-

WILCOT(T (Enp.) Bel. to Wilcot (Wilts ; here, army] 13th cent. Wilecole, Wikoie, loth cent, Cp. Walder and Walter.

'xXwilcottim —Asit. pi. ; Oxon, Salop ; also

: v. Willicote, Glouc. : a.d. 1400-1 Willicotes, WILDERS, Wilder's (Son) Wilder. Domesday Wilcote) [O.E. cot (nom. and (Eng.) Dweller by the Wild- accus. pi. cotu, dat. pi. cotum), cottage. WILDERSPIN Animals' Enclosure [the genit. of O.E. The first element is not so easy as it wilder, wildeor, wild animal, deer -\- pund, looks: it is perhaps natural to see in it enclosure, pound] a form of O.E. wyll{a, wi{e)ll(a, a spring,

well ; but this is unlikely because 'of Cp. Wetherspoon. abbodes wylle' (from the abbot's spring) WILDES, Wild(e)'s (Son) : v. Wild(e'. occurs within a few words of the wil cotum quoted above from charter no. a.d. 748, WILDEY 1 (Eng.) i = Wild(e' (q.v.) -|- the E.

in 'Cart. : also 940, Sax'. the form pre- WILDAYJ dim. suff. -{e)y.

cludes a pers. name ; and O.E. wil(l)a 2 Dweller at the Wild or Unculti- (compounded wil(l-), desire, pleasure, joy vated Hay or Enclosure [O.E. wilde is improbable : I believe that wil here + haga] must represent a cognate of the O.N. tiil, misery, wretchedness (compounded) ; WILDING (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. pers. name miserable, wretched—the inference being Wealding = Weald(a)'s Son \Weald(a that the cottages in question were f. O.E. ge)weald, power, might -}- the 'son' dilapidated] suff. -ingl There has been confusion with Wiloock. 2 Diveller at the Wild or Unculti- vated Lea [O.E. wilde + O.N.E. -ing for q.v. WILCOX Wlloocks, (O.N. eng), lea, meadow]

WILDISH (Eng.) "The surname Wildish was W,'l:c§XEN}^-Wilcockson.q,v. prob. given to its first bearer not from any particular wildness of demeanour but

"I (Eng.) 1 WILD Savage, Fierce, Un- because he came I'rom the wild [cp. O.E. WILDEJ GOVERNED [M.E. wild{e, wyld{e, Wild"] or weald of Sussex. The peasants wilde] who go to the South -Down farms to Walter le Wilde.—iJuMif. Rolls. assist in the labours of harvest are still called by their hill - country brethren "2 Dweller at a Weald [O.E. weald, forest] Wildish-meu."—Lower, Eng. Surn., i. 57.

Here the form of the name shows that WILDMAN = Wild (q.v.) -|- man. there has been confusion with M.E. WILDS, Wild's (Son): v. Wild'. liiildie, O.E. wilde, uncultivated, desert.

There 's a franklin in the wilde of Kent. WILDSMITH (Eng.) Weald-Smith [v. Wild" I. Hen. IV., Il.i. 60. and Smith] —— — —

290 Wildy Wilier

WILDY = Wildey, q.v. WILKS, Wilk's (Son) : v. Wilk. WILKSHIRE for Wiltshire, q.v. WILEMAN for Wildman, q.v.

WILKSON, Wilk's Son : v. Wilk. WILES I ior Wildes, q.v. WILL (Eng.) I a dim. of William, q.v. 2 a diphthongized form of Wills, q.v. 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Willa [f. O.E. willa, will, determination, pleasure, thing WILEY (Eng.) i = Wylie, q.v. desired or valued]

2 Wily, Sly . [f. O.E. wil, a wile] Here is Wil wolde wife [know], If wit koude teche hym. WILFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Wilford (Notts), 13th Piers Plowman, cent. Wyleford, Wylleford, late 12th cent. 5148-9. Wileford, Domesday Wilesforde (where the 3 Dweller at a Well [M.E. will{e, O.E.

palatal .y {sh), as in other cases, represents wylla, a spring] O.E!. guttural g) = the Willow -Ford William atte Wille.— \- [O.E. wylig, welig, a willow-tree ford'\ Soms. Subs. Roll, A.D. 1327. the parish-church is As dedicated to St. WILLAN for Willin, q.v. WiUrid, local historians have assumed that Wil- is a contraction of the saint- WILLANS, Willan's (Son).

name ; but the early forms are wholly WILLARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name against this theory. Wilh{e)ard — Resolutely Brave [v. The Suffolk Hundred of Wilford has under Will' and -|- O.E. h{e)ard, hard, prob. the same etymology. brave] Cp. Welford'. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Guillard: (a) f. the O.Ger. Will{h)ard, Willihard, WILGOOSE for Wild(e)goose, q.v. cogn. of A.-Sax. Wilh{e)ard [as above] ; (6) f. the first element of one or other of WILIE: v. Wylie. the O.Teut. Will- names -|- the Fr. dim. WILIES: WiLlE's (Son). suff. -ard [O.Frank, hard, hard, brave] WILLASTON(Eng.)Bel.toWillaston(Chesh.2; WILKLK "1 \ I a shortening of Wilkin, q.v. Salop) = Wiglaf's Estate [the common Wl l^l^g. A.-Sax. pers. name (here in the genit.) 2 for Willock, q.v. Wigldf is compounded of wig, war, battle,

and Id/, relic : 1- tiin, farm, manor, &c.] WILKENS = Wilkins, q.v. Willaston, Wirral, was anc. Wilaveston; WILKERSON for Wilkinson, q.v. Willaston, Nantwich, was Wylaston in the 14th cent.

WILKES, WiLK(E)'s (Son) : v. Wilk(e. WILLATT (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the French Guillat,l WILKEYl = Wilk(e (q.v.) + the E. dim. suff. the first elem. of one or other of the WILKIE ] -{e)y, -ie. O.Teut. Will- names [v. under Wilier] -f the Fr. dim. suff. -at. WILKIN (Eng.) the I3th-cent. Wylekin, Wilekin, Cp. Willett, Willott. late- I2th- cent. Wil{l)ekin, Wilechin, a double dim. of William, q.v. [£. (double) WILLATTS, WiLLATT's (Son). dim. suff. -kin, O.L. Teut. -k-{n\ WILLCOCK = Will (pers.), q.v. -|- the E. pet We find the form Uuillikin in a loth - suff. -cock. nth cent. 'Index Bonorum ' of the Abbey of Werden-an-der-Ruhr. w!!:LCOx'^^}W"-^^°™'^(Son).

WILKINS, Wilkin's (Son) 1 ,,,.,,. " '""Kin- WILLDER = Wilder, q.v. WILKINSON, Wilkin's Son / Christopher Wilkyns. WILLER (Teut.) Beloved Army [A.-Sax. MSS. Dn. & Ch. Wells, A.D. 1546-7. Wilhere = O.Ger. Williheri, &c. (whence Fr. = willio Adam Wylkynson. Guiller) — O.E. willa O.Sax. = O.H.Ger. willo, willio (mod. wille) = Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Goth, wilja = O.N. uili = Dut. wil (Fris. Richard Wilkynson, baxter. wille), will, pleasure, thing desired or be- Nicholas Wilkynson, sherman, alias loved -I- O.E. here = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. Nicholas Shermon. heri = Goth, harji-s (ace. hari) = O.N. Chester Freemen Rolls, A.D. 1474-5. her-r = Dut. heer, army, host] — ——

291 Willes Willicombe

WILLES = Willis, q.v. used in the 13th cent, by de Joinville

(' Guillaumes de Bouon ') and his con- WILLET(T(A.-Fr.-Teut.) the common French temporary Jehan Sarrazin ('Guillaumes Guillet, f. the first elem. of one or other of Longue Espee quens [count] de Sales-

the O.Teut. Will- names [v. under Wilier] bieres en Engleterre '). In 'Raoul de + the Fr. dim. suff. -et. Cambrai ' (ed. Soc. des anc. textes franf.) " Cp. Willatt, Willott. the form is Willaume. In the chanson de geste " ' Aliscans ' we find ' Li quens WILLET(T)S, WiLLET(T)'s (Son). Guillames. Guillaume IX, Due d'Aquitaine (d. a.d. 1127), who wrote poems (pre- WILLEY (Eng.) i = Will' q.v. + the E. served) in the Provenfal language, was dim. sufl. -ey. called Guillem. The nth-cent, poem de- scribing the ' Voyage de Charlemagne a 2 Bel. to Willey (common) = (a) the Jerusalem, &c.' has ' Guillelmes d'Orenge'; Willow [O.E. wylig, wilig, welig] the ' Chanson de Roland,' 'Willalme de the (b) Willow-Lea [O.E.wyligt&c. + Blaive, ' The L.Latin forms were ledh] Willelmus {as in Domesday-Book), Willem- us, and Guillelmus. (c) the Well-Lea [O.E. wylla + ledh] (d) WiLLA's Island [O.E. i{e)g, island. Tho [when] Willam bastard hurde telle low riparian land] of Haraldes suikelhede [treachery]. Rob. Glouc. Chron., 7332. Wiley, or Wylye, Wilts, was Wilig, Welig, in the A. - Saxon period (the For what thing Willam wan a day with Wilts river Wil{l)ey was also Wilig). his bowe, Willey, Salop, was Wyliley and Wileiley Were it fethered foul, or foure foted in the early 14th cent. Wil(l)ey, Herts, best, was Wylye and Wyly in the 13th cent. Ne wold this William never on with Willey, Warw., was Wilee in the 12th hold to himselvp. cent., in Welie Domesday-Bk. Willey, William and the Werwolf, p. 8. Beds, was Wylye in the 13th cent. 14th- cent. records also mention a Wylye m It had bene better of William a-Trent Essex and a Wylley in Notts. To have bene abed with sorrowe. The Weoledh ('t6 wed ledge'—dat.) of an Robin Hood & Guy of Gisborne, 77-8. early-ioth-cent. charter (' Cart. Sax.' no. Guillaume is very common in France as 627) is identified by Mr. Ed. Smith as a surname as well as christian name; and Willey near Farnham, Surrey. The name it has numerous derivatives. prob. means ' Wee Lea.'

WILLGOOSE for Wildgoose, q.v.

WILLIAM (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Beloved Helm(et, i.e. Protector [for the first elem. see under Wilier, and + O.Teut. helm, as in O.E., O.Fris., O.Sax. and O.H.Ger. helm = O.N. hjdlm-r = Goth. hilm-s]

Although Wilhelm is given in the A.-Saxon genealogies as being the name The first of the above two facsimiles is of a great-great-grandfather of the early- from the Sussex Domesday-Book. The 7th-cent. E. Angl. king Raedwald, and second, reproduced from Lower's 'Hand- Willelm was an nth -cent, bishop of book tor Lewes ' (ed. 1855), is from an London, the name was not common inscription on a leaden coffin believed to among the A.-Saxons; and William owes date trom a i3th-cent. reijiterment of the its popularity in this country to the first remains of William de Warenne, founder Priory c. the two post - Conquest rulers, who are of Lewes 1078: curl at the end referred to in the A.-Sax. Chronicle as ot the name is the usual mediaeval con- traction representing -us- Willelm (' Willelm cyng'). The Old Ger. forms were Willihelm (mod. Wilhelm) and = O.Norse (mod. WILLIAMS, William's (Sou) "1 Willehalm Uilhjdlm-r William. Vilhelm) = Dut. Willem. Froissart has WILLIAMSON, William's Son J

Guillaumes (' Guillaumes de Gauville '), with nom. suff, -s\ and this is the form WILLICOMBE = Wellicombe, q.v. — — . — —

292 Willie Wilioughby

WILLIE I = Will',', q.v. + the N.E. and Scot, WILLINS.Willin's (Son) v.Willin. dim. suff. -ie. WILLINSON, WiLLiN's Son

Well agreed, Willie [var. Willye] : then sitte thee dowiie, swayne. Willie's (Son) WILuls } 1^.,,,^ Spenser, Shep. Cal. (Aug.) WILLISON, Willie's Son J Of all thir maidens mild as mead AddmWylis.— York.

WILLIES, Willie's (Son) : v. Willie. WILLMENT for Willmond, q.v.

WILLIMOTT, V. Willmott. WILLIVIER l(Teut. ) Belovedly Famous

WILLMORE I [O.Teut. Willimar, Willemar, WILLIN = Wlll^^ + the Fr. dim. suff. -in. v. &c. : under Wilier, and + O.H.Gei'. and Ricardus Wylyn. O.L.Ger. mdri = Goth, mer-s = O.E. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. mdkre = O.N. mcer-r, famous, illustrious] Guillin is a fairly common French The I3th-cent. Hundred-Rolls contain surname. both Wilmer and Wilmar as surnames.

Tlie homogenetic Guillemer is now rare WILLING I for Willln, q.v. in France. 2 the A.-Sax. Willing = Willa's .Son [v. WilP, and + the O.E. fil. suff. -ing\ WILLMETT 1 the common French Guillemet,

WILLMITT J f. Guillem (Guillaume), with dim. WILLINGHAM ( Eng. ) Bel. to Willingham suff. -et: v. William.

(several) [O.E. hdm, home, estate : for the first elem. V. under Wlllington] WILLMOND (Eng.) Beloved Protector [A.-Sax. Wilmutid: v. under Wilier, and One of the Line, places was Willing- -t- O.E. mund, (lit.) hand, protector] ham A.D. 1317-18. The Domesday form, Wivelingeham, of theCamb. parish points WILLMOT \ I the common French Guillemot, to an A.-Sax. *Wifelinga-hdm = the Home WILLIVIOTT J f. Guillem {Guillaume), with dim. or Estate of the Wifel Family [-inga, suff. -ot: V.William. genit. pi. of the 'son' suff. -ing + O.E. 2 the O.Teut. Willimot, Wilmod, &c. = hdm, home, estate : v. WIvell] Beloved Heart or Mind [v. under Wilier, WILLINGS, WiLLiNG's (Son). and -f- O.H.Ger. tnuot (mod. mut), O.Sax. O.Fris. O.E. WILLINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Willington mdd = Dut. moed = Goth. mod-s = O.N. mrfS-r, mind, heart, courage, (several) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first wrath elem. is ol diverse origin—thus the Domes- (mood] day form, Ullavintone, of the Warw. Henry Wilmot. Hund. Rolls, A.D. 1274. Willington postulates an orig. A.-Sax. Wylymot, svvynhird. *Wulfldfinga-tun = the Estate of the Yorks Poll-Tax, 1379. Wdlflaf i'"AMiLY ; the forms Wiflinctun, of in Wivelinton, the Durh. place the Feod. WILLOCK (Eng.) the A.-Sax. Willoc [f. O.E. Prior. Dunelm. imply an A.-Sax. *Wifel- willa, will, pleasure, thing desired or be- - inga tiin = the Estate of the Wifel loved 4- the dim. suff. -oc]

Family ; the Chesh. Willington occurs as Wilanton, Wylanton, A.p. 1302-4, implying WILLOCKS, WiLLOCKS (Son). an A.-Sax. *Wil{l)an-tun = Wil(l)a's WILLOTT, the common French Guillot, f. the Estate ; whereas the normal A.-Sax. form of Willington would be * Willinga-tun — the first element of one or other of the O.Teut. Will- [v. -|- Estate of the Willa Family, which is names under Wilier] the Fr. prob. the meaning of the Shropsh. place- dim. suff. -ot. name {Willinton a.d. 1243-4). But the Cp. Willatt, Willett. Bedf. place-name, Willintone A.B. 1315-16, was Wyliton A.D. 1291, in Domesday-Bk. WILLOUGHBY (Scand.) Bel. to Willoughby Welitone, implying the Willow Enclo- (several) = the Willow-Farm [f. an O.N. sure or Farm [O.E. wylig, welig -\- tun] cognate {*uilgi-r) of O.E. wylig = L.Ger. wilge = Dut. wilg, willow -|- O.N. by-r, WILLINK, a var. of Willing, q.v. farmstead] — — ——— —

293 Willows Wiltshier

One of the Line, townships occurs as 2 Wilsden ( Yorks), the Domesday Willahyg in tlie 11th cent.; another as Wilsedene = Wille's Valley [O.E. denii, Wyhigheby in tlie i3tli cent. The Warw. a valley] parish, Wylughbi in the 14th cent., was Wilebei in Domesday-Book. Tuo of the WILSHAW forWilsher, Wiltshire, q.v. three Notts places were Wilghebi c. 1200 and Wilgebi in Doinesday-Blc, in wliich WILSHER ] the Leic. Willoughby is entered as WILSHERE Uor Wiltshire, q.v. Wilechebi {ch for g). WILSHIRE J

WILLOWS (Eng.) Dweller at the WiLLOW- WilsMre, e.g., is the spelling in the late- Trees [O.E. wylig, wclig, a willow] i6th-cent. transl. of Polyd. Vergil's ' Hist. Angl.,' bk. I. Johannes atte Wylowes. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WILSON, Will's Son : v. Wlll',=. WILLOX for Willooks, q.v. Robert Willesson. Lane. Inq., A.D. 1346. WILLS I Will's (Son) : v. WilM,^ Adam Wyllson. 2 Dweller at the Wells : v. Will''. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WILLSHER LLlHIRE}f°'^Wi't^'^"'«''l-^- Wl WILTHEW, a var. of Walthew, q.v. WILLSON, Will's Son: v. WilP,^ (Eng.) Bel. to Wilton (common) = Cp. Wilson. WILTON 1 the Spring-Enclosure or -Farmstead WILLY = Willey, q.v. [O.E. wil{l, wyl(l, a spring, well -|- tun, enclosure, farm, &c.] WILLYAMS = Williams, q.v. 2 the Willow-Enclosure or -Farm- WILMAN: v. Willman. stead [O.E. wilig, wylig, a willow -f-

WILMER 1 WILMOREJ V. Wlllmer. Wilton, Wilts, the A.-Sax. Wiltun, Wyltiin, which gave name to the county WILMINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wilmington (A.-Sax. Wiltun sctr), is evid. the 'Well- this Wilton is situated on the (several), normally i Ihe A.-Ss-^.^'Wighelm- Farm.' As Willow) it inga-tun = the Estate of the Wighelm R. Wil(l)ey (A.-Sax. Wilig = Family; 2 A.-Sax. *Wynhelminga-tun = luis unquestioninglybeen assumed, on the the Estate of the Wynhelm Family authority of Asser ( ... in monte qui dicilur Wiltun, qui est in meridiana ripa [-inga, genit. pi of the fil. suff. -iiig + itin, estate, manor, farmj flumiiiis Guilou, de quo flumine tola ilia paga nominatur. — Asserius, 'de Rebus The Kent parish was Wilmington in the Gestis .^ifredi '), that the town took its 14th cent., Wilminton and Wylmingtun name from the river ; but the place occurs Suss, place was in the 13th cent. The consistently in the A.-Saxon period as Wilmyngton, Wilmington, c. a.d. 1300. Wiltun or Wyltiin (not Wiligtiin) ; and I But the Soms. hamlet was Wynlmdiddun believe that the Welsh bishop was mis- in the 10th cent. C Cart. Sax.' no. 1099) = informed on this point. The Yorks Wynel's Mead Down or Hill. Wiltons occur in Domesday-Bk. as Wiltune and Wiltone. Wilton, Heref., occurs as WILMOT cum Castello a.d. 1204-5. Wilton, 1 Wilton ^ vVillmot(t,vvnimouL, q.v. WILMOTT/ Cumb., was Wilton in the 13th cent. Wilton, Hawick, was Wiltun and Wiltona WILMSHURST (Eng.) Bel. to Wilmshurst in the 12th cent. [O.E. hyrst, a wood : the first element is an A.-Sax. pers. name in the genit. Alan' de Wilton. Wighelm, Wynhelm, or Wilhelm] Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1203-4. Margery de Wiliton. Wl LMSLOW (Eng.) Bel. to Wilmslow (Chesh.) Hund. Rolls (Berks), A.D. 1274. [O.E. hlckw, a (burial) mound, hill : for the Wilmshurst] first elera. see under WILTSHEAR

) Bel. to i Willesden WILTSHEAREl WILSDEN \ ( Eng. Domesday Welles- WILTSHER for Wiltshire, q.v. WILSDON J (M'sex), the done, lothceiit. Willesdiin = Wii.LE'sHiLi. WILTSHERE [O.E. diin, a hill] WILTSHIER ——— —; — — :

294 Wiltshire Wincott

WILTSHIRE (Eng.) Bel. to Wiltshire, the WIMPOLE (Eng.) Bel. to Wimpole (Camb.),

A.-Sax. Wilttin scir ; f. the town Wiltun : 14th cent. Wynipole, Wynepol, Domesday V. Wilton (Wilts). Winepole [Skeat in his Pl.-Names of

' Camb.' construes as Wina's Pool' : this Roger de Wilteschire. Hund. Rolls. is, of course, quite feasible ; but, in my Cp. Wilshep(e. opinion, the name is much more likely to

mean the ' Pleasure-Lake ' - O.E. wyn(n, WIMBLE (Eng.) i a descendant of (a) the -|- pleasure pol : cp. O.E. wyngrdf grdf, a A.-Sax. pers. name Wineb(e) aid [O.E. — grove] wine, friend, protector -f- b{e)ald, bold]

(b) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wynb{e)ald WIMPORY is prob. for 'Whimperer': v. [O.E. wyn{n, joy] Whymper. 2 prob. occ. short for Wimbledon. WIMSHURST for Wilmshurst, q.v. WIMBLEDON (Eng.) Bel. to Wimbledon WIN BOLD 1 (Eng.) the (i) A.-Sax. Wineb(e)ald (Surrey), anc. Wymbeldon, Wymbaldon WIN BOLT I (= O.Ger. Winibald), (2) A.-Sax. [The identification of this place with the Wynb{e)ald: v. under Wimble. WibbandUn (' Wibba's Hill ') of the A.-Sax. Chron., a.d. 568, cannot be accepted, and WINBUSH:v. Wimbush. it is improbable on phonetic grounds nor can an identification with the WINCH (Eng.) Bel. to Winch (Norf. : 14th cent. or Dweller at a or Wimbedounyngemerke of a M.E. copy of a Winch) ; Bend [f. O.E. (as in the dim. charter dated a.d. 967 ('Cart. Sax.' no. Corner wine- form winc-el), a bend, corner] 1 196) be received. The first (pers.) elem. of the name prob. represents an A.-Sax. Thomas atte Wynch. Wineb(e)ald or Wynb(e)ald (see under Cal. Geneal; A.D. 1291. Wimble), the second being O.E. diin, hill] WINCHCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Winchcombe

: WIMBLES, Wimble's (Son) v. Wimble. (Glouc. : the Domesday Winchelcombe, 9th

cent. Wincelcumb ; Kent, nr. Godmersham WIMBORNE(Celt. + Eng.) Bel. to Wimborne also 9th cent. Wincelcumb) = the Corner- (Dorset), the A.-Sax. Winbuma [O.E. Valley [O.E. wincel, a corner -f- cumb burna, a stream : the first elem. is prob. (f. Celt.), a valley] Celt., viz. the early form of Wei. g)wyn, or rather (as afon [river], earlier avon (Abona), WINCHESTER (A.-Lat.) Bel. to Winchester, lilie Ir. amhain, is fem.) the fern. g)wen, 14th cent. Wynchester, 13th cent. Winchestre,

white, bright (cp. Wandsworth) ; the Win Wincestre, Domesday Wincestre, A.-Sax. burn is also called the Allen burn (Ir. Winte ceaster, Wintanceaster, Lat.UentaBel- alain, O.Ir. dlaind, white, bright, clear) ^arM»?('MarketoftheBelgae')[The Colonial a fact not without ethnic significance] Lat. venta (uenta), f. Lat. vendere, to sell, had the sense of 'market ': this meaning Winburne ecclesia. survives in the French place - names Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1205-6. Vente(s (Dial. North. Fr. vente = ' fair,' WIMBUSH (Eng.) Bel. to Wimbush or Wim- ' market '), the Spanish Venta(s and bish (Essex), 13th cent. Wymbisse, nth Portug. Venda(s (the standard Span.

cent. Wimbisc [O.E. -bisc, -busc, bush : the venta and standard Portug. venda = 'inn,'

' first element prob. repr. O.E. win (Lat. as well as sale '). Tlie A.-Sax. ceaster is uin-um), wine, vine- (as in wintreow, vine] f. the Lat. castra (pi. of. castrum), a fortified camp] WIMER (Eng.) the Domesday Wimer-us, A.-Sax. Wlgmckr = Battle - Famous WINCKLE: v. Winkle. [O.E. wig, war, battle + mcere, famous] WINCKLEY: v. Winkley. WIMPENNY for Winpenny, q.v. WINCKWORTH for Wingerworth, q.v. WIMPLER (Eng.) Wimple-Maker [f. (with (Eng.) i Dweller at Wine's agent, suff. -er) M.E. ivimpel, O.E. wimpel, WINCOTT [O.E. -|- winpel, a kind of hood (as worn by Cottage wine, friend, protector Chaucer's prioress] cot] Alan le Wympler. Cp. Winscott, Salop. Wardrobe-Acct., A.D. 1264-5 (Bardsley). 2 an unvoiced form of the A.-Sax. pers, WIMPLESTER (Eng.) Female Wimple - name Winegod = Protecting God [O.E. wine, friend, protector god, a god] Maker [v. Wimpler ; but with O.E. fem. -f- agent, sufi. -estre\ Robert Wynegod. Hund. Rolls. — — —

295 Windas Wing

WIN DAS for Wind us, q.v. 2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wendel [v. Tliis surname has prob. no connexion under Wend(e'J witli the M.E. windas, O.N. uinddss = WINDOVER: v. Wendover. Dut. windas, ' windlass.' WINDOWS for Windhouse, q.v. WINDCUP for Winkup, q.v. (Teut.) the O.Teut. WINDRAM \ Win(i)dram WINDEBANK (Eng.) Dwi-llei- at a Bank with = Friendly Raven [O.Sax. WINDRUM I a Winding Path [O.K. ge)wind, winding O.H.Ger. wini (= O.E. wine), friend, with

path ; and see Bank] euphonic suff. -d + *O.Sax. O.H.Ger. O.E. raven] In the i6th cent., in addition to Winde- h)ram (= hram{m), bank, we find tlie spelling Wyndebancke. WINDRESS (Eng.) = Winder" (q.v.) + the WINDEL(L, V. WIndle. A.-Fr. fem. sufl. -ess.]

WIN DEM ER for Windermere, q.v. Conf. with Windross, Winderhouse, q.v. WINDER (Eng.) i Winder (occup.) [M.E. with f. WINDRIDGE (Eng.) Dweller at a Ridge windere ; M.E. winden, O.E. windan, to wind] a Winding Path [O.E. ge)wind, a winding path + hrycg] Richard le Windere. Hund. Rolls- for q.v. 2 Bel. to Winder ; or Dweller at a WINDROSS Winderhouse, Winding (as a valley) [O.E. ge)wiiid + (Eng.) Bel. to Windsor, 13th cent. the agent, suff. -ere] WINDSOR Wyndesore, Windelsor, &c., the Domesday The Cumberland Winder was Wynder Windesores, A.-Sax. Wendlesora = Wen- in the 13th cent. del's Shore [for the pers. name Wendel see under Wend(e" + O.E. dra, a bank, WINDERHOUSE (Eng.) = Winder' (q.v.) + shore] house [O.E. hiis] for Windhouse, q.v. Nicholas Winderhouse. WINDUS Lane. Wills, A.D. 1672. WINDUST for WIndus, Windhouse, q.v. (Celt. E.) Dweller by Lake WINDERMERE + WIN FIELD (Eng.) i Bel. to Winfield [O.E. Windermere, late 12th cent. Winandermer feld, a field, plain : suff. early forms to [the last elem. is O.E. mere, a lake : the determine the orig. of the first element Cymric elements are doubtless f. early (whether the pers. name Wina or Wine, forms represented by Mod. Wei. ^wyn - battle Winne or Wynna ; ge)winn, ; wyn(n, nant-hir — g)wyn, white, clear + naitt,a. winding path ; &c.) are pleasure ; ge)wind, glen with a stream + hir, long : cp. the not available] Wei. place-name Nanthir] Winfield, Kent, was formerly Wingfield.

' WINDHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Windham or Wynd- A Winfelde maner ' is mentioned in a ham = the Enclosure with the Winding I4th-cent. Notts Inq. ad q. Damn. A

' Path [O.E. ge)wind, winding path + Richard de Winfeld ' occurs in the Hun- ham(m, enclosure] dred-Rolls forNorthumb. The Sussex Windham was Windeha' in The Winnefeld in the famous Will of Domesday-Bk. Wulfric, c. A.D. 1000, is app. Wingfield, Derbysh. WINDHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at a Winding 2 V. Winkfield, Wingfield. House (threads,y arns, &c.) [f. O.E. windan,

twist -j- : cp. O.E. windecrmft, to wind, hus WINFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Winford (Soms. : embroidery-cralt] 14th cent. Wyneford; Dorset) [O.E./orrf, a first see the etym. Willelmus de Wyndhows. ford : for the element Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. note under Winfield] commonly found as WIndus. More WING (Eng.) I Bel. to Wing (Rutl.; Bucks), 13th cent. Wenge = the Plain or Field [O.E. WINDLE (Eng.) i Bel. to Windle (Lanes: wceng, wang (cp. the allied O.E. ge)wenge, 14th cent. Wyndhull, 13th cent. Windhulle), = the cheek] Windhill (Yorks : 14th cent. Wyndhill) the Hill with the Winding Path [O.E. In the Domesday Witehunge (Bucks) is unorig., ee)wind, a windingpath + hyll (M.E. hill(e, -unge represents Wing, the -h- hull(e), a hill] and Wte- is doubtless for O.E. AoitV, 'white.' — ; — —

296 Wingate(s Winnard

(occ.) 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Winga 2 Winkfield (Wilts) [Here we seem to (Domesday Winge), a pet form of Winegdr: have the West. Dial. E. wink, a (draw-)

V. well ; by metonymy f. wink, a winch Winger. ; O.E. wince'] WINGATECSI (Eng.) i Bel. to Wingate(s Thei'e has prob. been some confusion W1NGETT(S (Durh., Lane, Northumb. &c.), J with Wingfielcl, q.v. for earlier Windgate(s = tlie WlNDFNG Gate(s, i.e. gate(s moved by winding [f. O.E. windan, to wind, turn + geat, a gate] WINKLE (Eng.) Dweller at the Corner or Nook [O.E. wincel] Wingate, Durh., was Windegatis in the Wincle, Chesh. 13th cent. ; Wingates, Lane, was Wind- More specifically gates in the 14th cent. WINKLEY (Eng.) Bel. to i Winkleigh (Devon), (occ.) 2 for the i3th-cent. Wynegod, 13th cent. Wynklegh [A.-Sax. forms are A.-Sax. Winegod = Protecting God desirable, but the name prob. represents [O.E. wine, friend, protector + god, a god] O.E. wincel, a corner -|- Udh, a lea] (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wine- WINGER 2 Winckley (Lane), 13th cent. Wynkede- gdr = Protecting Spear [O.E. wine, legh, Wynkedeley [A. - Sax. forms are friend, protector gdr, a spear] -f desirable, but the first elem. is prob. Dial. E. a (draw-) well, by metonymy WINGERWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wingerworth wink,

f. a winch, O.E. ; the second (Derby), a.d. 1302 Wingerworth = Wine- wink, winc(e being for M.E. heved, O.E. a head gar's Estate [O.E. wor^'] hedfod, or top (cp. the Herts place-name 'Well-

WING FIELD (Eng.) i Bel. to WingHeld (Suff.), Head') -I- M.E. ley, legh, O.E. ledh, a lea] 13th cent. Wingefelde, 12th cent. Wingefeld [v. = Winga's Field or Plain Wing^ WINKS, Wink's (Son) : v. Wink. and -h O.E. feld] 2 Bel. to Wingfield (Derby), a.d. 1291 WINKUP (Eng.) forWinkhope [the first elem. Wynefeld, 1199-1200 Wynfeld, c. 1000 is prob. Dial. E. wink, a (draw-) well (v. (Wulfric's Will) Wimiefeld = Winne's or under Winkfield^) : tlie second is O.E.hdp, Wynna's Field or Plain [O.E. feld] lit. a hoop, in place-nomenclature denoting

a round enclosure or ring ; also a round Cp. WInfleld, WInkfield. hollow] (Eng.) Bel. to Wingham (Kent, WINGHAM WINKWORTH for Wingerworth, q.v. &c.), 14th cent. Wingham, 13th cent. Wyngeham, Wingeham, A.-Sax. Winganhdm Wl N M I LL (Eng.) Dweller at, or by, a Windmill = Winga's Home or Estate [v. Wing^, [O.E. wind + myln] and -f- O.E. ham, home, &c.] But Wingham, Kent, although app. WINN l(Celt. ) White, Fair; Blessed occurring as Winganhdm in the loth cent. Wl N N E J [Wel. g)wyn = Corn. g)win] (' Cart. Sax. no. 766), is identitied with the Uuigincgga ham of a ninth-cent. Latin Cp. Gwynn(e. charter (' C.S.' no. 380), representing an (Eng.) I the common A.-Sax. pers. A.-Sax. Wigingahdm = the 'Home or name Wine, Wina, Wini = Friend, Pro- Estate of the Wlg(a Family' [O.E. wig, tector [O.E. wine]

war ; wiga, warrior] Wini, the 7th-cent. bishop of London, bought the see from Wulfhere, king of the WINGRAVE (Eng.) Bel. to Wingrave (Bucks), the Domesday Withungrave = the Withen Mercians, as related by Baeda, ' Hist. Eccl.,' vii. Grove [adj. form, with suff. -en, of O.E. HL wiSig, a willow -|- grdf, a grove] 2 the A.-Sax. Winn, Winne, Wynna [f. O.E. ge)winn, war, battle] WINK (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wineca, Johannes Wynne (Lond.). a dim. f. Wine = Friend. Inq. ad q. Damn., A.D. 1421-2. Alexander Wynk. Godfrey Wynne. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Chester Freemen, A.D. 1582-3.

WINKFIELD ( Eng. ) Bel. to i Winkfield

( Berks ), loth cent. Winecanfeld = WINNARD (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wineca 's Field or Plain [A. - Sax. Wyn{n)heard = Pleasantly Firm [O.E. Winecan-, getiit. of Wineca, a dim. f. Wine wyn{n, joy, pleasantness -f h{e)ard, tiard, = Friend -i-/£W] firm] — :

297 Winner Winston

WINNER (Eiig.) I [f. Winnower M.E. wine- This surname has no connexion (as to the wen, windewen, O.E.windwian, to winnow] second elem.) with the Cumb. place-name 2 the A.-Sax. pers. name Wynhere = Winscales (late 13th cent. Windscales — prob. Joyful Soldier [O.E. wyn{n, joy + here, -d- a phon. intrus.), which involves army (as the second elem. in pers. names the O.N. skdli, ' hut,' 'shed.' often short for heremann, soldier] WINSLADE (Eng.) Bel. to Winslade (Hants) WINNETT = (q.v.) the Winn + Fr. dim. suff. -et. = Wine's Way [the genit. of O.E. wine, friend -|- Idd, way, course] WINNICK for Winwick, q.v.

WINNICOTT: v. Wincott. WINSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Winsley (several) = Wine's Lea [thegenit.of O.E. wine, friend WINNING (Eng.)theA.-Sax. Wining=Wm^'s + leak (fem. dat. ledge), meadow] Son [O.E. wine, friend + the ' son ' suff. Winsley, Salop, was Wineslegh in the -ing\ 14th cent., Winesleg in the 13th cent. WINNINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to i Winnington (Chesh.), A.D. i-io2-^Wynyngton,Winington, WINSLOE "I (Eng.) Bel. to Winslow (Bucks : A.-Sax. *Wininga-tun = the Estate of WINSLOW r Lat. charter dated A.D. 795 I^mei- THE Wine Family [O.E. wine, friend + hlauue ; Heref.)=WiNE'sHiLLor Burial- -inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing + tiin, MouND [the genit. of O.E. wine, friend -f estate, farm] hlcew, hill, &c]

2 Winnington ( Staff. ), Domesday

Wennitone [O.E. tiin, estate, farm : the WINSON (Eng.) i Win(n)'s Son : v. Winn. first elem. is a pers. name, either Wenna 2 a syncopated form of Winston, q.v. (f. O.E. wena, liope), or, more likely, Wynna (f. O.E. wynn, joy] Thus the Glouc. Winson was Winestune in Domesday-Bk.

WINPENNY \ (Eng.) a nickname for a Miser [f. WINPENY J O.E. ge)winnan, to gain, get WINSOR for Windsor, q.v. + peni(n)g, penny] William Winnepeny. WINSTANLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Winstanley Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts., A.D. 1303-4. (Lane), A.D. 1356 Wynstanlegh, a.d. 1252 Wynstaneslegh, a.d. 12 12 Winstaneslege = WIN RAM (Teut.) the O.Teut. Winiram = Wynstan's Lea [for the pers. name see O.E. Friendly Raven [O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wini under Wlnstone^ ; and -f ledh (fem. (= O.E. wine), friend + *O.Sax. O.H.Ger. dat. ledge), meadow] h)ram (= O.E. hrcEm{m), rav-en] WINSTER (Celt.) Bel. to Winster (Westmd. q.v. WINROW for Whinrow, Whineray, 13th cent. Winstirthwaytes ; Derbysh.) ; or Dweller by the R. Winster = the White (Eng.) Bel. to Winscombe WINSCOMBE or Clear River [f. the early form of (Soms.), 14th cent. Wynscombe, 13th cent. Cym. g)wyn, m., g)wen, f. (final dental lost), Wine's the Wynescumbe = Valley [ white, clear + the Cym. cogn. of Bret. genit., wines, of O.E. wine, friend cumb + ster, river: v. Stoup] (f. Celt.), valley] The river near the Derbysh. Wmster is WINSER for Windsor, q.v. now called the Derwent = the ' White or

Clear Water ' [Wei. dwr = Bret, dour = WINSFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Winsford (Soms. : Gaul, dubr-i water : the vowel-change 13th cent. Chesh. : 15th cent. Wynesford; ' in Derwent ' is due to the influence of Wynsfurth (brygge), i4th cent. Wyneford) the -e- in the second elem.] prob. it was = Wine's [the genit. of O.E. wine, ; Ford once, at this spot, known as the Winster. friend + ford] WINSHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Winshara (Soms.), WINSTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Winston = Wine's A.D. 1408-9 Wynesham = Wine's Home Farm or Estate [the genit., wines, of O.E. or Estate [the genit. of O.E. wine, friend wi?te, friend -|- iiin,^ farm, &c.] -f hdm\ The Durh. place was Wineston in the 14th cent., Wyneston in the 13th. The WINSKIL(L (Scand.) Bel. to Winskil(l (Yorks ; Suff. parish was Wynston in the 14th Cumb.) = Uin's Gill or Ravine [the cent., Wyneston in the 13th. genit. (in -s) of O.N. uin-r, friend -|- gil, ravine] 2 conf. with Winstone. — — — —

298 Winstone Winyard

WINSTONE ( Eng. ) i Bel. to Winstone WINTERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Winterton(Norf.: (Glouc), 14th cent. Winestone = the Domesday Wintretuna; Line), 13th cent. Battle-Stone (Monument) [O.K. win{n, Winterton = Winter's Farm or Estate war, battle + std?i] [v. Winter, and + O.E. ttin] There is a tradition that this place owes WINTHORP(EUEng.) Bel. to Winthorpe its name to a stone erected by a king of WINTHROP J (Notts), 12th cent. Wime- Wessex to commemorate a victory. t(h)orp, Domesday Wimuntorp = WlG- 2 the A.-Sax. (loth cent.) pers. name MUND's Farm or Estate [v. Wigmund, Wynstdn [As this (loth-cent.) name stands and -f O.E. \orp\

' it Ls literally Joy-Stone ' (O.E. wyn{n, joy, (Scand.) Bel. to Winthorpe (Lines), a.d-

pleasure) ; but, as this does not make good 1309-10 Winthorp [O.N. ]'orp, a farm : the sense, it is pretty evident that it represents first elem. prob. represents one of the earlier in an Winstdn (Winestan occurs O.N. Uin- (uin-r, friend) names] Domesday-Bk.) = Battle-Stone (O.E.

' WINTLE for Winkle, q.v. win(n, war, battle), the stone ' prob. referring to a stone weapon] WINTON (Eng.) Bel. toWinton (Yorks: Domes- 3 conf. with Winston. day Wiiietun; Lanes: a.d. 1622 Winton;

Westmd. ; Haddingt. 12th cent. Wynton) WINTER (Eng.) This season-name has been = Wine's Farm or Estate [O.E. wine, used in pers. nomenclature from a very friend + tiin, farm, &c.] early period [O.E. winter = O.Fris. winter An unidentified Winitun occurs in a = O.Sax. O.H.Ger. wintar =Go\h. wintru-s] Latin charter of the Confessor (dated a.d. 1066). WINTERBON for Wintepborn(e, q.v. Thomas de Wineton (Kent). Hund. Rolls. WINTERBORN(E 1 ( Eng. ) Dweller by a for q.v. WINTERBOURN(E I Winter-Brook, i.e. a WINTOUR Winter, stream which flows only WINTERBURN(E J WINTRINGHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wintringham in the winter (the wet season) [O.E. (Yorks : a.d. 1200- i Wintringham, Domes- winterburne] day Wentrighd ', Camb.), Winteringham

(Lines : a.d. 1317-18 Wintringham, Domes- WINTERBOTHAM \ (Eng.) Dweller at aWiN- day Wintringehd), O.Angl. *Winteringahdm

WINTERBOTTOM J TER Valley or Hollow = the Home or Estate of the Winter [bottom — O.E. botm — denotes in S.E. Family [v. under Winter, and + the Lane, a valley or hollow] genit. pi., -inga, of the fil. suff. -ing 4- ham, John Winterbotham (Win wick, S. home, &c.] Laiic). Chester Marr. Lie, A.D. 1623. WINTROP: v. WInthrop.

' A ' winter-bottom was prob. a valley WINWARD (Eng.) As there is no trace of an or hollow which was used by shepherds A.-Sax. pers. name which this could repre- for shelter in the winter. sent it seems evident that the surname is for Winwood, q.v. WINTERFLOOD (Eng.) Dweller by a Winter-

ToRRENT [M.E. winterflod, O.E. winter -t- WINWICK (Eng.) Bel. to Winwick (Lanes: 13th cent. Wynewyc, Wynquic, 12th cent.

Wynewhik, Winequic, Winewich ; Hunts :

WINTERS, Winter's (Son) : v. Winter. Domesday Winewiche ; Northants : Domes- day Winewic, Winewiche) = Wine's Place WINTERSCALE (Scand) Dweller at a Win- [the pers. name is O.E. wine, friend ; and ter Hut or Shed [O.N. uetr, for earlier v. under Wlok] *uintt (mod. Scand. vinter) + skdli^ Joh'es de Winwik (of York). Magota de Wynterscale. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1358. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Cp. the Heref. place-name Wiutercott. WINWOOD (Eng.) Early forms are lacking, but the first element prob. represents the WINTERSGILL (Scand.) Dweller at Winter's A.-Sax. pers. name Wine [O.E. wine, friend] Ravine [the pers. name is f. the season (v. WINYARD (Eng.) Dweller at a Vineyard Winter) — O.N. uetr, earlier *uintr (mod. [O.E. wlngeard] Scand. vinter) -|- O.N. gil, ravine] William atte Wyneard. WINTERSON, Winter's Son: v. Winter. Sams. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. ——

299 Winzar Wiston

WINZAR WISHAW (Eng.) Bel. to Wishaw (Warw. : [ for Windsor, q.v. WINZER Domesday Witscaga; Lanark) = (prob.)

the Wide Wood [O.E. wld, wide -f- (Eng.) WIRE short rorWiREDRAWER.a common sc[e)aga, a wood] mediaeval occup. surname [O.E. lu/r, wire] Whishaw seems to be a different name. Rauf le Wyrdrawere. Mentis, of Land. WISKE (Celt.) Dweller by the R. Wiske; or I in one of the places named there- WIRKSWORTH (Eng.) Bel. to Wirksworth WISKEY [

WISKIE J froraiNewby Wiske, Danby Wiske, (Derbysli.), Domesday Werchesuuorde, a.d. = ' Kirkby Wiske [M.Wel. wysg, a stream 835 (Lat. charter, Cart. Sax.' no. 414) Wyrcesuuyrth = the Work's Enclcsure Ir. and Gael, uisge, O.Ir. u(i)sce'] or Estate [the genit. of O.E. wyrc, a var. (Teut.) the L.Ger. Wiske \i.wls, wise -j- of weorc, a work + wyr'S, a var. of w{e)or^, the dim. suff. -ke] enclosure, &c.] Mr. P. B. Wiske, of Brooklyn, N.Y., in- that his father changed his ' forms me The ' work evid. has reference to the lead mining and smelting operations con- surname from Whiskey to Wiske ; his ducted here since Roman times: "the great-grandfather having emigrated in 1813 Saxons carried on mining operations to America from Poole, Dorset, where the iSth-cent. deeds. here on an extensive scale." The above- name Whiskey occurs in cited charter refers to a lead-rent. Mr. Wiske has found the forms Wyskye, Wyskie, Wiskye, Wiskie, Whiskie, Whiskey WIRRALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wirral (Chesh.), c. in i6th-i8th cent. Sussex records. A.D. 1000 (dat. pi. 'on Wlrhalas Wiyhalum) WISKER for Wisgar-, q.v. = the Myrtle-Corners [O.E. luzV, myitle WISLER 4- the pi. of O.Merc. hal{h, corner, nook] 1 for Whistlervvnisxier, qvq.v. WISSLER J

WISBEY \ (Scand.) Bel. toWhisbv (Line), 14th WISSETT (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the YtenchGuisset [f. WISBY J cent. Wisteby, O.N. *Uistaby-r = the O.Teut. wis, wise 4- the Fr. dim. suff. -eti Store-Place [O.'N. uista, genit. pi. oluist, WISTON (Eng.) This simple-looking surname food, provisions -|- by-r, dwelling(s : cp. lias various origins : i Bel. to (a) Wiston O.N. uistaskip, store-ship] — 13th cent. (b) Wis- (Suss.), Wisteneston ; taston (Chesh.), A.D. Wystanston WISCAR for Wisgar, q.v. 1303-4 ; (c) Wistestou (Heref.), 13th cent. Wis- WISDEN (Eng.) Dweller at the Valley of the taneston = WIgstan's Farm or Estate ° [O.E. wise, a sprout, . Undergrowth [see under ; and + O.E. tiiti] growth (cp. Dial. E. wise, a stalk) -|- denu. 2 Bel. to Wiseton (Notts), 1 3th-i4th cent. a valley] Wiston, Domesday Wisetone = Wisa's Farm or Estate [the pers. name is f. WISDOM (Eng.) a nickname [O.E. wisdom, O.E. wisa, a leader — O.E. wis, wise] wisdom, learning] 3 Bel. to Wiston {Suii.),ioT'[n.Wissington, Wymund Wysdom. Hund. Rolls. A.-Sax.. *Wisinga-tun (a Wissingsete occurs in the Charter-Rolls for Norf. temp. Hen. WISE (Eng.) Sage, Learned [M.E. wys{e, Ill) = the Estate of the Wisa Family wisie, O.E. wis^ l-inga, genit. pi. of the fil. suff. -ing]

WISEMAN (Eng.) r = Wise (q.v.) -f- man. 4 Bel. to Wiston (Lanark), early-i5th cent. Wyston, 12th cent. Wicestun = 'WlCE'a 2 a name for a Wizard or Conjuror. Estate (Wice is stated to have been a WISGAR (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wisgar well-known I2th-cent. knight) [the pers. = Wise Spear [O.E. wis + gar, a spear] name is prob. the A.-Sax. Wicg, a var. of Wig{a — Warrior] (Eng.) Dweller at the Meadov\?land WISH 5 Bel. to Wiston (Pemb.), which "takes O.E. wise] [M.E. wyssh, its name from Castell Gwys, a fortified " seat built by Sir P. Gwys, the Norman WISHARD 1 (A.-Fr.-Teut.) Wise, Sagacious (Nat. Gaz.) [Gwys, found to-day in France WISHART j [O.Fr. guisc(h)ard, guiscart-O.N. as Guis, represents O.Teut. Wis{o, f. wis, uizk-r, wise, &c. -|- the Fr. intens. and wise] dim. suff. -ard, O.Teut. hard, hart (O.N. har^-r, hard] 6 for the common A.-Sax. pers. name Wigstdn = War or Battle Stone [O.E. . . . take with the [thee] Syr Gawayn war, battle a stone : the name my neuew, Syre Wysshard, Syre Clegys, wig, -f stdn, prob. primit. denoted a stone weapon] Syre Cleremond, and the Captayn of Cardef.—Aforte d'Arthur, V. ix. 7 for Whiston, q.v. — :

300 Wistow Withycombe

WISTOW \ (Eng.)iBel.to(fl)Wistow(Leic.), WITHERBY for Wetherby, q.v. WISTOWE J I3th-i4th cent. Wistowe, Domes- day Wistanestou Wistaustow (Salop), WITHERiCK (Scand.) Dwellerat the ; (&) Wether A.D. 1199-1200 Wistanestowe = Wi'gstan's or Sheep Ridge [O.N. ue^r (= O.L.Ger. Place [for the pers. name see under wither) 4- hrygg-r'\ -|- Wiston" ; and O.E. stdw, a place] WiTHERIDGE (Eng.) Dwellerat the Wether The church at Wistow, Leic, is dedi- or Sheep Ridge [O.E. we^e)r ( = O.L.Ger. cated to St. Winstan. wither) + hrycg] 2 Bel. to Wistow (Hunts), loth cent. Wicstoue (Lat. charter to Ramsey Abbey WITHERiNGTON 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Withering- 'Cart. Sax.' no. 1311) = Wicga's Place WITHRINGTON J ton (Wilts), A.-Sax. *Wi{h)theringa-tun = the [the pers. name is f. O.E. wi(c)ga (genit. Estate of the

: Wi(h)there Family [v. ; -|- wi{c)gan-), warrior — wig, war 1- O.E. Wither- and genit. fil. stdw, a place] -inga, pi. of the suff. -ing + tun, estate, farm, &c.] A later version of the above-mentioned Ramsey charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1310; WITHERS, Wither 's (Son) : v. Wither. ' Dipl. Angl.', p. 254) has Wistowe. WITHERSPOON for Wetherspoon, q.v. 3 Bel. to Wistow (E. Yorks) [etym. of first elem. uncertain : prob. as '] WITHERSTON(E (Eng.) Bel. to Witherstone (Dorset) = Wi(h)there's Stone (Monu- WITBY for Whitby, q.v. -1- ment) [v. Wither ; and O.E. stdn] WITCHURCH for Whitchurch, q.v. WiTHEYl (Eng.) Dweller at i the Willow- WITHY / Tree [O.E. wi'Sig] WiTCOIVIB 1 (Eng.) i Bel. to Witcomb(e = WiTCOiVlBE I the Wide Hollow or Valley 2 the Willow Island or Low Riparian [O.E. wid + cumb (of Celt, orig.] Land [O.E. wtSig, a willow 4- i(e)g, 2 for Whitcomb(e, q.v. island, &c.] Witcombe, or Whitcombe, Glouc, was Walter de la Wythege.—Hund. Rolls. Wydeconibe in the 14th cent. WiTHiNGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Withington (common) = (normally) the or WiTHALL (Eng.) i Bel. to Withall (Wore), Withy 13th cent. Withale = WiTA's Hall [O.E. Willow Enclosure [M.E. and Dial. E. h(e)air\ withen, a pi. and adj. form of with(e, O.E. 2 for Whittall, q.v. wi'S^e, a withy, willow •-)- M.E. -ton, tun, O.E. tun, enclosure, farm, &c.]

WiTHAIVl (Eng.) i Bel. to Witham (Essex : The Lane, place was Withintone in the A.-Sax. Chron., a.d. 913, ' set Witanhdm; 14th cent., Wythinton in the 13th. The Line. Soms.}, 13th cent. = V^n:A.'s ; Witham Chesh. township was Withinton a.d. 1303-4. Home or Estate [O.E. wita, genit. witan-, But the Glonc. Withington. wise man, councillor -|- ham, home, &c.] Widendune in Domesday-Book, is the Wudiandun of 2 lor Whitham, q.v. an 8th-cent. Lat. charter (' Cart. Sax.' no. i.e. WuDiA's WITHEl (Scand. ) Dweller by a Willow 156), Hill [O.E. dun, hill: WITH [Dial. E. with(e, a withy or willow the A.-Sax. pers. name Wudia (or Widia), J ; O.N. «i« == O.E. wiMe, a withy] genit. Wudian-, is a nickname f. wudu, wiodu, a ship, by metonymy from the same The willow-tree is called a with-ixec or word = wood] withy-tree. Northants Gloss., ii 403.

WITHIPOLL : v. Withypoole. A Withe, Herts, occurs in the Charter- Rolls A.D. I22b-7. WITHNALL \ (Eng.) Bel. to Withnell (Lane), WITHNELL J 13th cent. Wythenhull, 12th cent. WITH ECOiVl BE (Eng.) Dweller at the Willow Withinhull = the Withy or Willow Hill

Hollow or Valley [v. under Withe ; and [M.E. and Dial. E. withen, a pi. and adj.

-I- O.E. cumb (f. Celt.), valley, &c.] form of with(e, O.E. wfSSe, a withy, willow -1- M.E. hull, O.E. hyll, a hill] WITHEMAN = Withe (q.v.) -f- man. WITHYCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Withycombe ; WITHER (Eng.) the Late A.-Sax. (and Domes- or Dweller at the Willow Hollow or day) Wither, for earlier Wihthere=SvKlTE- Valley [O.E. wHSig, a withy, willow -j- [O.E. wiht, sprite, elf, -|- Army &c. here, cutnb (f. Celt.), a valley] army] A wtSigcumb occurs in a Soms. charter

for ' WITHERALL Wetherall, q.v. A.D. 854 — Cart. Sax.' no. 476. — — ;

301 Withypoole Wogan

WITHYPOOLE (Eng.) Bel. to Withypoole ; or was Witone in Domesday-Bk. Witton, Dweller at the Willow-Pool [6. E.iu/S!^, Northwich,wasWytoxin the 14th cent. The a withy, willow + pdl, a pool] Lane, township was Wytton in the 13th cent. The Yorks Witlons were Witun in WlTLEY(Eiig.)iBel.toW)tley (Wore. : Domes- Domesday-Bk. Wilton Gilbert, Durh., day R'ljZ^^^, loth-cent. Lat. charter PFW^a'A; was Wittone in the 14th cent., Witton in Surrey : Domesday Witlei) = Wita's Lea the 1 2th (Boldon-Bk.) [the pers. name is f. O.E. wita, genit. But Witton-le- witan-, wise man, councilior -f ledh, Wear, Durli., was Wotton meadow] as well as Witton in the 14th cent., app, the Wuduton [O.E. wudu, wiodu, a wood, 2 for Whitley, q.v. forest] of Symeon of Durham.

WITMORE (Eng.) i Bel. to Witmore = WITTS, Witt's (Son) : v. Witt. Wit(t)a's Moor [v. under -|- Witley ; and

O.E. 7n6r\ WITTY (Eng.) i Wise, Skilful [M.E. witti, A Wiitan mor occurs in a loth-cent. O.E. wit(t)ig'\ grant of land ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1230) at 2 for Whitty, Whitey, q.v.

Witney, Oxon ; and the proprietor is doubtless the same person as in the WIVELL (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wifel

following name (Witney). (intervocalic/ as v) : v. Wevill. 2 for Whitmore, q.v. WIVELSFIELD (Eng.) Bel. to Wivelsfield WITNEY (Eng.) i Bel. to Witney (Oxon), lolh (Suss.), the A.-Sax. H^j/efe/^W = Wifel's cent. Wyttannig, Witanig (' Cart. Sax.' Field or Plain [v. under WIvell, Wevill 1230) = Wit(t)a's Island or Low and H- O.E. feld] Riparian Land [the pers. name is f. O.E. WIVELSFORD(Eng.)Bel.toWivelsrord (Wilts), wita, genit. witan-, wise man, counciUor tlie A.- Sax. Wifelesford = Wifel's Ford -I- i{e)g, island, &c.] [v. under Wivell, Wevill ; and -f- O.E./ord] 2 for Whitney, q.v. WIX for Wicks, q.v. WITT (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Wit{t)a =

Wise Man, Councillor [O.E. wita, sage, WOAK ) (Teut.) repr. the O.Tent. name-stem

&C.1 WOAKE ( Wok- [cogn. with O.E. Wealh, A Witta was an early descendant of foreigner, Welshman; and Lat. Uolcae, the Woden and ancestor of the Kentish kings. name of a Gaul, tribe]

Witta we6ld Swiifefum WOAKES, Woak(e)'s (Son). (WjVtaruledthe Swaefs, i.e.Swabians).

(En Bel. ; or Dweller Widst^ (The Traveller), 1. 45. WOB U R N g.) toWoburn by the Crooked or Winding Brook [O.E. WITTER (A.-Scand.) Wise, Prudent [Late w6, crooked -\- burne'] O.E. witter, O.N. uitr\ Streams called Woburne are mentioned (Eng.) V. Wither (Wit-her). in charters' of the A.-Sax. period relatin g to various counties. WITTERICK \ (Eng.) the A.-Sax. pers. name Abbas de Woburne (Beds). WITTRICK i PFiAinc= Sprite-Ruler [O.E. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1241-2. wiht, sprite, elf, &C. -|- rica, ruler] WODDERSPOON for Wetherspoon, q.v. WITTEY : v. Witty. a M.E. form of q.v. WITTING (Eng.) the A. - Sax. pers. name WODE, Wood,

Wit{t)ing = Wit(t)a'sSon [v. Witt ; and WODEHOUSE = Woodhouse, q.v. -f- the O.E. til. suff. -ingl Richard del Wodehus.—/f««d. Rolls. WITTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Witton (common) = {a) Wit(t)a's Farm or Estate [v. Witt; WOFF I an assim. form of Wolf(e, q.v. and + O.E. ttin, farm, &c^ (b) the Wide 2 a labio-dentalized form of Waugh, q.v. Farmstead [0;E. wtd, wide] 2 for Whitton, q.v. WOFFENDEN, an assim. form of Wolfenden, Witton, Wore, was Wytton in the 14th q.v. cent., Witune and Witone in Domesday- Blc, Wittun a.d. 972 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 1284), WOGAN (A.-Celt.) an Anglicization of the Wiltona a.d. 716 ('C.S.' no. 134). The Wei. Gwgan [f. Wei. gwg, a scowl, frown Warw. place, Wytton in the 14th cent., 4- the dim. suff. -an] — —

302 Wold Wolton

Gwgawn Gleddyvrudd. The NorthantsWoUaston and the Glouc. ' Breuddvvyd Rhonabwy ' (Dream of Woolaston were Wolaveston in the 13th

Rhonabwy) ; Mabinogion. cent. The Staffs Woollaston, Wol{l)aston in the 13th The Pembrokeshire Wogans are said cent., was Ullavestone in Domesday-Bk. Shropsh. Wollaston to be descended from a Welsh chieftain The named Gvvgan ab Bleddyii. was Wolastone {-e doubtless unorig.) 13th cent. Wollaston, Wore, was Wolarston The Irish form of this is name Uagan. a.d. 1327, prob.repr. A.-Sax. Wulfgdrestun. WOLD (Eng.) Dweller at the Wold lorig. a forest) [O.E. w(e)ald, a forest] WOLLER for Waller, q.v. Cp. Waud. WOLLEY I V. Woolley. WOLF 1 the anc. Teut. animal-name [O.E. 2 for Walley, q.v. = O.Sax. = O.H.Ger. WOLFE J wulf wulf wolf = L.Ger. (incl. the Anglian dialect WOLLINGTON for Wallington, q.v. spoken between Schle.'^wig and Flens-

burg) wulf = Dut. and Fris. wolf = Goth. WOL(L)MAN : v. Woolman. wulf-s = O.N. ulf-r] WOLSDENHOLME for Wolstenholme, q.v. Wulf Wonreding [Wonred's Son]. Bedwulf 5922. WOLSELEY \ (Eng.) Bel. to Wolseley (Staffs),

WOLSELY J 1 3th cent. Wulfsiesley, Wulfsies- WOLFENDEN ] (Eng.) Bel. to Wolfenden leg' = WOLFENDINE I (Lane), A.D. 1614 same spell- Wulfsige's Lea [the A.-Sax. pers. name is a compound of wulf, wolf -1- sige, WOLFFINDEN I ing = the Wolf-Valley [O.E. wulf-\-t\ie. adj. suff. -en+denu, valley] victory : — ledh (f , dat. ledge), meadow]

WOLFERSTAN 1 ,,, 4. , ^- Wolver.ston(e., WOLSEY (Eng.) for the common A.-Sax. pers. WOLFERSTON(E | name Wulfsige = Wolf-Victory [O.E.

WOLFF : V. Wolf(e. But most of the Wolffs wulf -{- sige, victory] in our directories are of recent Continental In the 9th-ioth cent, there were three origin. bishops of Sherborne of the name Wulf- sige as well as WOLFHUNT (Eng.) WoLF - Hunter [O.E. ; a bishop of London. wulf -|- hunta, hunter] The Domesday-Bk. form was usually Richard le Wnllhunt.—/fwwrf. Rolls. Ulsi.

WOLFNOTH (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers. WOLSTENCROFT (Eng.) Bel. to Wolstan- name Wulfno^ = Wolf-Boldness [O.E. crnft (Lanes), early-iyth-cent. Wohtencroft, wulf + n6^, boldness, daring] Woolstencroft =- 's Croft [O.E. WiilfnffiS was the name of a brother of croft, a small field]

King Harold II : it was also the name of WOLSTENHOLME (Eng.) Bel. to Wolsten- their paternal grandfather. holme (Lanes), 14th cent. Wolfstanesholm, WOLFORD (Eng.) i Bel. to Wolford (Warw,), 13th cent. Wlstartesholme = Wulfstan's I2th cent. Wlwnrth, Domesday Uolwarde Holm [O.E. holm = O.N. holm-r, river- = the Wolf Bank or Shore (Wolford island or low waterside-land] is on the R. Stour) [O.E. wulf -f waro'S, WOLSTON 1 ( Eng. ) i Bel. to Wolston river-bank, &c. : v. under Warth]

WOLSTONE ( (Warw.), 13th cent. Wlfriches- 2 for Walford, q.v. ton, 1 2th cent. Wlvricheston = Wulfric's

WOLFSON, Wolf's Son : v. Wolf. Farm or Estate [O.E. tiin]

WOLGAR 1 (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name The Berks Woolstone has exactly the WOLGERJ H>M//^rf;- = Wolf-Spear [O.E. same origin. wulf gar, a spear] + 2 V. Woolston. (Eng.) Bel. WOLLASTON to Wollaston or 3 for the common A.-S;ix. pers. name Wool(l)aston (several) = i Wulflaf's Wulfstdn = lit. Wolf Stone or Rock Farm or Estate [the A.-Sax. pers. name [in this pers. name stdn is no doubt used (in the genit., is a of Wulfldfes) compound figuratively to denote ' strength '] wulf, wolf -t- Idf, heritage, relic: — tun, farm, &c.] WQLTERS for Walters, q.v. 2 Wulfgar's Farm or Estate [for the pers. name see under Wolgar] WOLTON for Walton, q.v. — — — — —

303 Woiver Woodbury

WOLVER (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. pers. WONTER UEng.) Mole -Catcher [M.E. name Wulfhere = Wolf -Army [O.E. WONTNERJ and Dial. E. wont, want, O.E. here, army] wand, a mole-f-the O.E. agent, suff. -ere: the second in Wulfhere s6hte ic [ sought I ] and « Wontner repr. the M.E. pi. Wyrmhere. suff. -en]

Wids!^ (The Traveller), 1. 239. WOOD (Eng.) I Dweller at a Wood [M.E. Wulfhere was the name of a 7th-cent. wodc, O.E. wudit] king of Mercia. Richard de la Wode.—Hund. Rolls. WOLV(E)RIDGE (Eng.) repr. the common John atte Wode.— Ca/. Jng. P.M. A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfric = Wolf- 2 Frenzied, Ruler [O.E. rlc-, ruler, lord] Wild [E. Mod. E. wood(e, M.E. wood, wod(e, O.E. w6d] Wulfric was tlie name of a brother of St. Dunstan. Thanne [then] wolde he speke, and crie as he were wood.— i WOLVERSON (Eng.) Wolver's Son : v. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, A 636. Wolvep. . . . what Rage, what Furyes woodef— 2 a contr. of Wolverston(e, q.v. Googe, Eglogs (1563), IV.

And heere am I, and within this WOLVERSTON(E (Eng.) Bel. to Woolverstone wood wood. (Suff.), I3tli-i4th cent. Wolferston [O.E. Mids. Night'sDream (ed. 1623), II. i. 192. /MB, farm, estate; the first element is an A.-Sax. pers. name (in the genit.) — WOODALL for Woodhall, q.v. Wulfhere, Wulfh{e)ard, or Wulfw(e)ard ; suff. early forms to decide which are not WOODARD (Eng.) i the 13th cent. pers. name available] Wodard, 12th cent. Wiidard [prob. f. O.E. wudu, wood h(e)nrd, hard] WOLVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wolverlon -f-

(several) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first 2 Wood-Herd (the herd who tended in element is an A.-Sax. pers. name— Wulf- the wood) [O.E. wudu \- hierde] here, Wulfh(e)ard, or withtlie Wulfw{e)ard, Richard le Wodehirde. Hund. Rolls. ' ' genit. pi., -inga, of the son suff. -ing ; a contr. of thus Wolverton, Wore, in Domesday-Bk. 3 Woodward, q.v. Ulfrinton, wasWulfringettin (for Wulfringa- WOODBERRYY 1 tun) in the loth cent., i.e. 'the Estate of WOODBORO UGH j^' Woodbury. the W^ulfhere Family'; Wolverton, Warw., was Wulwardintone in the I3tli cent., WOODBRIDGE (Eng.) Bel. to Woodbridge ; Ulwarditone in Domesday - Bk., for A.- or Dweller at the Wooden Bridge [O.E. Sax. * Wulfwardingatiin = 'the Estate wudu, \vood -|- brycg, bricg~\ of the Wulfward Family '; the Bucks place Woodbridge, Suff., was Wodebregge in was Wlverintone in Domesday-Bk the ; the 14th cent., Wodebrige'm the 13th. The Norf. parish was Wolferton in the 13th- Wilts place, Wudebrige in the 13th cent., 14th cent. ; Wolverton, Hants, was is referred to as Wodebrigge in a copy Wulfreton in the 13th cent.] made (with alterations) in the M.E. period WOMACK (Eng.), found a.d. 1600 as Womock, of the (Latin) boundary-detinements of a seems to mean HoLLOW Oak (from resi- land-grant, dated a.d. 850, by .(Ethelwulf, dence thereby) [O.E. mamb, womb, hollow, king of the West Saxons. cavity -(- dc, oak-tree] WOODBURN(E (Eng.) Dweller at the Brook WOMBELLlf ,,, . ,, for Wombwell, q.v. by or in the Wood [O.E. wudu -f burna] WOMBILL I

WOM SWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Wombwell WOODBURY (Eng.) i Bel. to Woodbury (Yorks), 14th cent. Wombewell, 13th cent. (Devon), r3th cent. Wodebir=ihe Strong- Wambewell, Domesday Wanbuelle = the hold, by or in the Wood [O.E. wudu + Well or Spring in the Hollow or burh, burg (dat. byrig] Cavity [O.E. hollow wamb, womb, -f- Overlooking the village is an ancient w{i)ella, well, spring] earthwork called Woodbury Castle. Nat. Gaz. WOMERSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Womersley (1868). (Yorks), the Domesday Wlmeresleia = 2 Bel. to Woodbury or Woodborough WuLFMiER's Lea [see under Woolmer; (Notts), 13th cent. Wodeburg, Domesday and -f O.E. ledh (M.E. ley), meadow] Udeburg [same etym. as '] —

304 Woodcock Woodley

There are other smaller places called WOODHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Woodham ; or Woodbury or Woodborough. Dweller at the Enclosure by the Wood [O.E. wudu 4- hamini] 3 Dweller at the WooD-HiLL [O.E. wudu + beQrh, beorg, a hill, mound] The M.E. form was usually Wodeham, as in the case of one of the Essex places; In four different charters, of the 7th, and an Essex Woodham occurs in Queen gth and (two) loth cent., granting land at jEJjelflEed's Will (loth cent.) in the dat. Downton, Wilts, to Winchester Cathedral, form ' set Wudaham.' mention is made in tlie boundaries of (var. denoting wiidu beorh beorch) hyll, evid. WOODHATCH (Eng) Dweller at the Gate of a wooded hill with a tumulus or burial- the Wood [O.E. wudu + hcEc{c, a hatch or mound. gate] WOODCOCK (Eng.) a nickname from the fowl; WOODHAY (Eng.) Bel. to Woodhay ; or at one time a common term for a simple- Dweller at the (Fenced) Enclosure by ton [M.E. wod(e)cok, O.E. wuducocc] the Wood [O.E. wudu (earlier wi(o)du) + ge)hceg, haga, enclosure] WOODCRAFT (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- ] The M.E. form was commonly Wode- WOODCROFT J Cr6ft[O.E. TOMi/«, awood -f- hay(e ; but Woodhay, Berks, was Wydehay croft, a small field] in the 14th cent., Widehay in the 13th. WOODD = Wood, q.v. WOODHEAD (Eng.) Bel. to Woodhead ; or WOODEND (Eng.) Dweller at the End of the Dweller at the Head (Top) of the Wood Wood [O.E. wudu -¥ ende] [O.E. wudu + hedfod] The Yorks place was Wodehed a.d. WOODER (Eng.) Woodman. Wood-Cutter 1379 ; and a Wodheved occurs in an Inq. [O.E. wudere] ad q. Damn., a.d. 1307-8.

WOODERSON (Eng.) i Wooder's Son : v. (Eng,) Bel. to Woodhouse or Wooder. WOODHOUSE ; Dweller at the HOUSE by the Wood [O.E. 2 Woodard's Son : v. Woodard. wudu -f hus\ The Wodehuse and Wodehusu' of the WOODFALL (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- Yorks Domesday-Bk, represent resp. the (Water-) Fall [M.E. mode, O.E. wudu, a O.E. dat. sing, (hiise) and dat.pl. (ktisum). wood -1- M.E./n//, O.E.^^)/(^)fl//, afall(as of water] Cp. Wodehouse. WOODHULLl (Eng.) Dweller at the WoOD- WOODFIN "[(Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- WOODILL J Hill [O.E. wudu + hyll (M.E. WOODFINE I Pile or Wood- Store [O.E. Jiul{l, hil{l\ wudufiti] John de Wodehull. WOODFORD (Eng.) Bel. to Vale Royal Ledger-Bh, A.D. 1366. \ Woodford ; or WOODFORDE J Dweller at the Ford by the WOODIER (Eng.) i Woodman, WooD-C utter Wood [O.E. wudu -f ford] [O.E. wudiere] Tlie M.E. form was usually Wodeford, as in the case of the Wilts and Soms. 2 for Wood-Hewer [M.E. wodhewer(e, places. The A.-Sax. dat. form was 't6 O.E. wuduhedwere] Wudaforda,' as in a Hants charter dated a.d. 701 ('Cart. Sax.' no. 102). WOODIN 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the WooD- WOODING J Meadow [O.E. wudu + O.N.E.

WOODGATE 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Gate(s ing (O.N. eug), meadow] of the WOODGATES I Wood [O.E. wudu + WOODINGTON for Waddington, q.v. geai]

WOODGER for Woodier, q.v. WOODLAND 1 (Eng.)Bel.toWoodland(s;or

WOODLANDS J Dweller at the Woodland(s

WOODHALL ( Eng. ) Bel. [M.E. wodeland, O.E. wuduland] to Woodhall ; or Dweller at i the Hall by the Wood WOODLEIGH 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Woodleigh, or [O.E. wudu + h{e)aU\ WOODLEY J Woodley ; or Dweller at the 2 the Wood-Corner [O.E. h{e)al(h, a Wood-Lea [O.E. wudu + ledh (M.E. legh, corner, nook] ley, &c.] One of the Yorks Woodhalls was Wod- Woodleigh, Devon, was Wodelegh a.d. hall in the 14th cent. 1411-12. — — — — — — ,

305 Wotodliffe Woodward

WOODLIFFE (Eng.) Dweller at the Wood- Woodreve.—the woodman, the forester Cliff [O.E. wudu + clif] of the Midland Counties. WOODLOCK (Eng.) Dweller at the Enclosure Surrdv Provincialisms (Eng. Dial. Soc.)- or Fold in or by the Wood [O.E. wudu Spent upon our hood reefe for coming + loc(a, efi closure, fold] to give us notice of some abuses done to WOODMAN (Eng.) Woodman,Wood-Cutter;' our wood. MS. Accts. (1643), St. John's Hosp., Forester ; later Hunter [M.E. wodeman, Cant.; Diet. Kent. Dial, p. 191. wudeman ; O.E. wudu + mann] / Wudeman{n was a personal name It is improbable that the plant-name among the Anglo-Saxons. Inaprbclama- 'woodruff,' O.E. wudurofe, has had any tion by EadgyS, queen of Eadward the influence on the weak forms of thiS' sur- Confessor, judgment is asked for on a name in .-rofr(e, -ruff(e, etc. certain undesirable fenant named Wude- WOODROW (Eng.) Dweller at the Hedgerow mann, to whom the queen had lent a,' by the horse and who had not paid any rent for Wood [O.E. wudu + rdew, hedge- row] two years (' Dipl. Angl.,' p. 427). Roger Wodrowe. WOODMANSEYl (Eng.)Bel. to Woodmansey Inq. ad q. Damn., ASi. 1310-11. (Yorks) = Woodman's Is- WOODMANSEE [ genit., pi., q.v. WOODMANGY J land or Low Riparian WOODS, and of Wood, [v. -|- Land Woodman ; and O.E. Ue)g, WOODSIDE (Eng.) Dweller at the Side of the island, &c.J Wood [O.E. wudu -\- side\ The place is situated on the banks of the R. Hull. WOODSON, a contr. of Wooderson, q.v.

WOODMASON (Eng. -|- Fr.-Lat.) Wood-Ma- WOODSTOCK (Eng.) Bel. to Woodstock SON [M.E. mode, 0.^.wudu, wood -f O.Fr. (Oxfd.), 13th cent. Wddestok = the- En- masson (Fr. mofon), L.Lat. macio, matio of \ closure the Wood [O.E. wudu + stoc'\ whence also Ger. steinm^te, O.H.Ger. Henry L had a zoological park here, as slemmezzo, stonemason ; like Ger. metzeln, related by William of Malmesbury to butcher, ult. conn, with Lat. macellarius, . . . leones, leopardos, lynces, camelos meat-seller — macellum, meat - njarke.t, . . . habebatque conseptum quod shambles] Wude- stoche dicitur. Gesta Regum Angl., v. WOODNORTH (Eng.) app. short for Wood- Norton (Norf.), the North Enclosure we)ODTHORP(E,(Eng. and Scand.) Bel. to or Farmstead by the Wood [O.E. wudu Woodthorpe = the Village by the Wood

' -1- -I- «or|> turi] [O.E., wudu = O.N. MiS-r O.E. O.N". WOODNOTT\(A.-Fr.-Teut.), 14th cent. Wo- WOODNUTT J denot, f., with Fr. dim. suff, -ot, WOODWALL 1 (Eng.) i Dweller at the Well the Cont.(Low)Teut. form Wddan, WSdin, WOODWELL / or Spring of the Wood [O.E. or Woden, of the A.-Sax. heroic and pers^ wudu -f w{i)ell{a\' name Woden [the name is f. 0.(Low)Teut. 2 a nicknapie from the Woodwale 'w6d-, enraged, rabid, possessed, as in O.E. [M.K.wodeWale, a woodpecker: O.E. wudu,

' aj(Jii(Late 'M.E; and Early MoA.E.^wood) a wood ; the second elem. is prob. a ^ Goth, wdd-s = O.N. S^S-r (= O.H.Ger. borrowing f. O.N. ual-r, a hawk, falcon] wuot\ In many places were nyghtyngales, The cognate present-day French sur- Alpes, fynches, and worfewa/^i. name is Godinot. Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 657-8. WOODRAY (A.-Scand.) Dweller at the Wood- WOODWARD (Eng.) Wood -War den, Corner [M.E. wode, O.E. wudu (O.N. Forester [M.E. wodeward{e, wudewdrd, ttiS-r), a wood + M.E. wra{y, O.N. urd, O.E. wuduw(e)arit\ a corner] WOODREEFE\ Wudu-wearde [dat.'] gebyreS <^lc wind- fylfpd tre6w WOODREEVE ,, WOODREVE i;To the woodward belongs each wind- WOODROFF felled tree).—.Rert; Sing, ^ers.; Thorpe, (Eng.)Wood-Reeve ; Wood- WOODROFFE . ^ Anc. Laws, p. 188.' WOODROOF VBailiff; Forester [O.E. In the Latin transl. of the above A.-Sax. WOODROOFE wudu -j- ge)refa, ge)raefd\ law the woodward is described as "custos WOODROUGH nemoris vel forestarius."

WOODRUFF EUas le Wudeward.^ , WOODRUFFE / Lane. Assige-Rolls, A.D. 1246. — : — —

306 Woodwards Woollcombe

Aylward le Wodeward. WOOLFENDEN: v. Wolfenden. Hund. Rolls, A.Ti. 1274. woolford "Grant by the Dean, John Goodman, woollford;\ V. Wolford." to Humphry Walrond of See, Somerset, for life, of the office of woodward in the WOOLFSON, WooLF's Son: v. Woolf, Wolf. forest of Rociie, Somerset, with the yearly WOOLGAR stipend of four loads of wood and 4s. i V. Wolgap, Wolger. i A.D. ISS3-4-"— WOOLGERiI in Domesday-Bk. as Cal. MSS. Dn. and Ch. Wells, ii. 277. Wulfgdr, occurring > Ulgar, and as Wulgar in the 12th cent., WOODWARDS, (the) Woodward's (Son). was a common A.-Sax. name. Wulfgdr ina|>elodp, (Eng.) Dweller at the Farm- WOODWORTH [jaet vvaes \\^endla le6d stead by the Wood fO.E, wudu + wor^] {Wulfgdri^poke, that was the Wendels' chief). (Eng.) Dweller at the Gate of WOODYAT ] Bedwttlf, 701-2., WOODYATE Uhe Wood [U.E. wode, O.E. The O.Low Ger. form was Wulfger. WOODYATT i oiwrfw + M.E. yai{e, O.E. geat. a gate, opening] WOOLGROVE (Eng.) Dweller by (prob.) the w§§S^ir}f-^°°'"-.i- Wolf-Cave [O.E. wulf + graf] WOOLHOUSE (Eng.) Dweller at the WooL- [M.E. wol{le, O.E, wull WOOF \ assim. forms of Woolf(e, Wolf(e, (Ware-)HousE + M.E. hous, O.E. hiis} WOOFF J q.v. Robertus del Wolhous. WOOFENDEN for Wolfenden, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WOOKEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wookey (Soms.), WOOLLACOTT for Woolcot(t, qv. I3th-i4th cent. Woky = the Soft Ripa- (Eng.) a descendant of the A. -Sax. rian Land [M.E. ivook, wok, O.E. iu4c, WOOLLAM , pers. name Wulfhelnt = Wolf-Lord weak, soft + M.E. e)y, O.E. ig, island, helm, lit. helmet protector, riparian land] fO.E. wulf + ; lord] The source of the R. Axe is in this WOOLLAMS, Woollam's (Son). parish. WOOLLAN for Woolland, q.v. WOOLARD: v. Woollard. WOOLLAND (ETig.) Bel. to Woolland (Dorset) WOOLASTON: v. Woollaston, Wollaston. = (prob.) Wulfa's Land or Estate.

(q.v.) WOOLCOCK (Eng.) = WoWe + the pet WOOLLARD (Eng.) i for the A.-Sax. Wulf- suit, -cock [O.E. cocci h(e)ard = Wolf-BravIe [O.E. mtlf + h{e)ard, hard, brave, firm] WOOLCOT(T (Eng.) Bel. to Woolcot (Soms.) 2 for the' A. -Sax. Wulfw{e)ard = Wolf- = (prob.) Wulf(a)'s Cottage [O.E. cot] Ward [O.E. wulf + w(,e)ard,^ ward, keeper] WOOLDRIOGE (withintrus. -d-) for WoolMoh, q.v. The forms in the I3th-cent. Hundred- Rolls are Wulward, Woleward, Wlward, (Eng.) Bel. to WOOLER Wooler (Northumb), , Wlvard ; liad. a Ric'us Wulleward occurs

' 14th cent. Wolloure, late 13th cent.Woloure in the Charter-Rolls, a.d. 1271-2. [the second elem. evid. repr. O.E. dra, a

bank, shore ; suffly. early forms are not WOOLLASTON : v. Wollaston. available to decide the orig. of the first (Eng.) i for the common elem.] WOOLLATT T pers. WOOLLETT I A.-Sax. name Wulfgedt WOOLEY: V. Wool ley. = Wolf-Goth. q.v. WOOLF \ = Wolf(e, q,v. But most of the 2 weak forms of Woollard,

WOOLFE Woolf(e)s in the London Directory ' J WOOLLCOMBE (Eng.) Bel. to Wool(l)combe are of more or less recent .Continental (Dorset, Soms.) = the Wolf-Valley origin. [O.E. wulf + cumb (of Celt, orig,] WOOLFALL (Eng.) Bel. to Woolfall (Lane). A wulfcumb occurs in the boundary- 14th cent. Wolffal, Wolfall, 13th cent. definements ot several land-charters of Wolfal, Wulfhal = the Wolf-CqrjNEr or the A.-Saxon period relating to south- ^NooK [O.E.wulf + h(e)al(h] western counties. ' :

307 WooUcott Woolwich

WOOLLCOTT = Wooloot(t, q.v. WQOLNOTH for Wolfnoth, q.v. (with WOOLLDRIDGE \ intrus. -d-) for WOOLNOUGH (Eng.) Dyveller at or by the q.v. WOOLLDREDGE J Woolrich, Wolf-Hough [f. M.E. wolven, a pi. and adj. form of wolf, O.E. .wulf; arid see WOOLLER = Woolen, q.v. Hough]

WOOLLEY 1 (Eng.) Bel. to WooUey (several) WOOLPIT (Eng.), Bel. to Woolpit = the WOOLLIE J = I the Wolf-Lea [O.E.wulf+ -(- WoLF-PiT [O.E. wulf pyt(t] . ledh] 2 Wulf(a)'s Lea. A wulfpyttis mentioned in an 8th-cent. Sussex charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 3 the Crooked Lea [O-E. wdh + ledh] 197). Woolpit, Suff., occurs as IVlpit in an The Wilts, place was WoJley in the 14th i iith-cent. bequest ('C.S.' no. 1013). cent. The Yorks villagq^ was WolTey, Wollay, Wolveley in the 14th cent.,Wilvelai WOOLREDGE for Woolrlch, q.v. in Domesday-Book (as if for O.K. wylf, she-wolf). A wulfledh (' on isjulfledge —dat.) WOOLRICH (Eng.) for the common A.-Sax. occurs in an 8th-century Glouc. charter WOOLRIDGE Vpers. name Wulfric = WoLF-

('Cart. Sax.' no. 246). WOOLRYCH J Powerful [O.E. TOM// -I- nV(«] The I3th-cent. forms of this name were WOOLLFORD = Woolford, Wolford", q.v. Wlfric, Wlfrich, Wolvrich, Wulvrich, etc. WOOLLIDGE for Woolwich, q.v. W06lSe!y = Wolsey, q.v, WOOLLIFF (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. name WttlJIdf = Wolf-Relic [O.E. wulf + Idf, WOOLSON (Eng.) i Wolf's Son: v. Wolf. relic, heritage] 2 for Woolston, q.v.

WOOULISCROFT (Eng.) [O.E. croft, a small WOOLSTENCROFT = Wolstencrbft, q.v.

field : the first elem. is one of the A.-Sax. pers. names in Wulf- in the genit.] WOOLSTENHOLME = Wolstenholme, q.v.

(Eng.) Woolley's Son ': v. WOOL(L)lSON WOOLSTON 1 (Eng,) i Bel. to Woblston(e

Woolley. • _ WOOLSTON E f (several) [O.E.

estate ; the first elem. (with genit. -es) is (E Wool-Worker WOOL(L)RIGHT A.-Sax. Wulf or one of the Wulf- com- E. %. wull -t- wxrhtd] pound names ; thus the pers. elem. in the WOOL(L)VE,N 1(Eng.) descendants of the Glouc. Woolston, '4*'' cent. Wolsiston, is evid. Wulfsige (v. Wolsey), a^ it is in the WOOL(L)VIN(E J common A.-Sax. pers. name W«//to!«« = Wolf-Lord [O.K. wulf + Bucks Woolston (e, Domesday Whiestone. wine, friend, lord, etc.] The Lane. Woolston was Wolston and Wlston in the 13th cent.] WOOLMAN (Eng.) i Wool-Dealer [O.E. 2 V. Wolston(e. wull + mann] for the common A.-Sax. pers. name 2 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Wulfman. 3 WulfStan: v. Wolstone.^ WOOLMER (Eng.) for the A.-Sax- pers.

, name Wulfmckr = Wolf-Famous [O-E. wulf + mdsre, famous, glorious] wo§Lvm(E}^«'°°"^^"'W°°"^'"(^- Wulfstanes beam, Wulfmckr se geonga WOOLVERSTON(E, v. Wolverston^e. (Wulfstan's child, Wulfmmr the young, or the Battle junior).^-A.-Sax. poem descr. WOOLVERTON, v. Wolverton. of Maldon, A.D. 993. for pers. I3th-cent. spellings of this name were WOOLVET 1 (Eng.) the A.-Sax. = Wolf-Goth Wolmer and Wolntar. WOOLVETT J nameWulfgedt [O.E. wulf + Gedt, the ethnic name] (Eng.) Wool-Dealer [M.E. WOOLMONGER The Domesday forms of this name are Q.E. wull woUemongere, , wolmongere ; + Ulviet and Ulfiet. mangere, dealer, merchant] WOOLWICH (Eng:) Bel. to Woolwich, A,t). WOOLMORE fpr Woolmep, q.v. 1044 Wulewic, A.D. 918 Uuluuic (both Lat, WOOLNER (Eng.) Wool-Manufacturer charters), prob. repr. A:-Sax. Wulfawic = the Wolves' Place [O.E. wm//b, genit.' [f. M.E. wollen, OvE. mullen, woollen, with pi. of a place] the„agent. sufl. -ere] , wulf -h. wid, — — :

308 Woosey Worley

WOOSEY for Wolsey, q.v. above), from which the present-day 'Worcester' is directly descended, are to due an A.-Sax. Wigivara, IVigware, ^ -wara, -ware, meaning 'inhabitants' (as ' in Cantware, 'people of Kent'). The for Wolstenholme, q.v. WOOSNAM Huiccii of Baeda ('Hist. Eccl.' ii. 2.) has the same Celt. orig. as above. The -cester WOOSTER for Worcester, q.v. is the usual Lat. castra, a camp] WOOTEN WORDEN for Warden, q.v. WOOTON for Wootton, q.v. WOOTTEN WORDLEY for Wardley, q.v. (Eng.) Bel. to Wootton (common), WOOTTON WORDSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wordsley (Staffs), the A.-Sax. Wudutun = the Farmstead 13th cent. Wuluardeslea = Wulfwards by the Wood [O.E. wudu, widu, a wood Lea [for the pers. name see Woollard'; farm, etc.] + tun, and -)- O.E. ledh, meadow] In an Sth-cent. charter (' Cart. Sax. (Eng.) Bel. to Wordsworth, np. 157) Wootton-Wawen, Warw., is WORDSWORTH some small spot now obliterated or Wudu tun in a short superscription in A.-Saxon, Uuidutuun in the Latin body forgotten [O.E. w{e)or^, wyr'S, estate, farm first is is , the elem. an A.-Sax. pers. name (in , of the deed. Wootton, Berks, referred to in a 9th-cent. Latin charter ('C.S.' the genit,)— H'M;/«)(e)flrd (cp. Wordsley),' or (O.E. coun- no. 366) as Uudetun in one MS., Wudtun Wulfh(e)ard, Wulfred rAd,

sel) : a occurs in a loth- (with the A.-Sax. character for w) in Wulfredes wyr^ cent. Hants charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. another MS. A dative form is seen in a 1077] Survey of lands bel. to Winchester In the 14th cent, a family of this name

Cathedral ('C.S.' no. 1161), viz., ; To Wu- (Wurdesworth, Wordesworih, etc.) seems datuna' (prop. WudatuneJ, prob. Wootton to have been settled at or near Penistone,

St. Lawrence, Hants. Yorks ; and this has led to confusion of Domesday forms aire Otone (Beds), the name with the Yorks Wadsworth Odetone (Surrey), Wodetone (Wilts), etc. (q.v.). A Geneal. Memoir of the Family, of Wordsworth is quoted in Prof. Knight's' John atte Wodeton (London). Life of Wm. Wordsworth. Hund Rolls. Cp. Wotton. WORGAR 1 (Eng.) rhot^cised descendants of

WORGER J the common A.-Sax. pers. name v. Warbey, Warby. l^«//^flV= Wolf-Spear [O.E. «;«(/ gdr, WORbD -f- a spear] WORBOYES WORHAM for Warham, q.v. WORBOYS i V. Warboys. WORK (Eng.) Dweller by the Fortification WORCESTER (Celt. + Lat.) Bel. to Wor- \0.^. ge)we{o)rc'\ cester, the Domesday Wirecestre, A.-Sa*. Robert us del Werk. a.d. Chron. 992 Wigera ceaster and a.d. 959 Yorhs Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Wigraccester, in numerous charters of the Cp. Wark. * A.-Sax. period Wigracester, Wigrecester; Wegornd, Weogorna, Weogurna, Wiguma, WORKMAN (Eng.) [O.E. «;«(o)/-cmaBW, work- Wigoma, Guigoma, Wigamia, Weogerna, man, labourer] Wegerna, Wigema. WORKSOP (Eug.) Bel. to Worksop (Notts), [The earliest-recorded forms—last de- 12th cent. Worcheshope, Domes4ay H^ercA-

' cade of the 7th cent. : ad Uuegemensem esope (ch as k) = the Round Valley or ecclesiam' ('Cart Sax.' no. 76) and Hollow of the Fortification [the ' Uuegerna cester' ('C.S.' no. 77) —together, genit., ge)we(o)rces, of O.E. ge)we{o)rc, a especially, with the reference in a charter fortification + hop, i a round hollow or of the Sth-cent. Merciaft King Offa to valley] civitas' 'Wigenta ('C.S.' no. 216), supply Worksop " is situated in a hollow or clue to the — the etymalogy ^the earlyform valley" (Nat. Gaz.). ' (wic) ot Wei. g)wig, M.We\.g)wic,woodl ' (cp. Wei. coed-wig, foresi) -\^ g)wern WORLAND for Warland, q.v. (= Gaul, vent-), alder, the Latinized i ( WORLEY (Eng.) for Warley, q.v. ' Celtic name iVigema' therefore denoting 'Alder-Wood.' Tjje forms Wig(e)ra- (noted 2 for Wortley, q.v. '

399 Worlington Worsted

(Eng.) WORLINGTON Bel, to Worlington WORSDALE I (Celt. + Eng.) Bel, to Wyres-

(Sutf. ; Devon), prob. repr. an A.-Sax. WORSDELL ! dale (N. Lane.) = the Dale of *WckrwulJinga-tun = tha Estate of the the R. Wyre [the river-name is Celt., WjErwulf Family [tlie A.-Sax.' pers. conn, with O. Wei. wyri, a spreading -f name is a compound of wokr, true, trusty, O.E.dal, a valley] and wulf, wolf + the genit. pi., -inga, of WORSENCROFT, a corrupt form of Wol- the fil. suff. -ing + ttin, estate, farm, &c.] stenoroft, q.v. j

i WORMALD (Eng.) for the A.-Sax. pers. ' WORSFOLD (Eng.) [the sefcond elem. is evid, name Wurmb{e)ald= Serpent-Bold [O.E. O.E. /aid, an enclosure for^ sheep, &c,: wurm, serpent, dragon -|- b{e)ald, bold] the first elem, is app, a pers, name (in the 2 conf. with Wopmall.q.v. genit.), prob. one of the A.-Sax;. compound names in lV

WORNUM for Warnham, q.v. ham, home, estate : for the first elem; cp, Worsley and Worston (early forms are WORRALL wanted] WORRELL (Eng.) I for Wirrall, q.v. WORSTEAD 1 (Eog.) Bel. to Worstead (Nbrf .), WORRILL , 14th cent. 13th cent. This is the origin of most of the Cheish. WORSTED J Worsted, and Lane. Wcrrralls, &c. Wurstede [the seeotid plem, is 0,E. stedf, a place : for the first elem. the earliest 2 Bel. to Worrall (W. Yorks) [here the available form of the name points to an elem. is app. O.N.E. a hall second AaW, A.-Sax, pers, name which, under the

is Worrall Hall) : first (there a the elem. weakeninginfluence of the local element, is an A.-Sax. pers, (early prob. name would easily contract into Wur-; this ^ are wantirig) in Wcer- (O.E, w(&r, forms condition would be fulfilled by the com- ' - true) : cp, Worsley (Wore.)] mon Wulfhere (v, Wolver); but Worston (A.-Fr.-Teut.) for Warrall.Warrell.q.v, should be compared] — — — ; ^

31Q Worster Wrang

Chaucer mentions the textile whichtook Neither place is mentioned in Donies-

its name from the Norfolk parish day-Bk. ; but the Lane, village occurs in A frere ther was ... the 14th cent, as Wortkyngtoii, in the 13th Of double worstede was his gemycope. cent, as Worthinton, Wrthinton. Prol. Cawt. Tales, 208, 262. WORTHY (Eng.) i Bel. to Worthy ; or Dtveller WORSTER for Worcester, q.v. at the Farmstead [O.E. w{e)or^ig'\ Worthy, Hants, occurs in various char-j (Eng.)'Bel. to Worston [O.E. tun, WORSTON ters of the A.-Sax, period as Wor^ig. farm, estate] Worston, Staffs, ace. to Duig nan's 'StafT 2 Honourable, Esteemed. Beloved Place-Names,' occurs in the I3th-i4th [f. O.E. w{e)0r^: cp. Worth', and O.N. cent, as Worflestone, Wiveleston, Wyver-^ uet^ug-r, worthy] stone, Wyfridestone. The forms are con- WORTLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Wortleyi^or Dweller flicting, but the last two point to the at the Vegetable-Field [O.E. wyrt, a genit. of the common A.-Sax. pers. name wort, vegetable -|- ledh, a field] WigfriS Mg, war + friS, truce]. Jhe One of the Yorks Wortleys oceuts as final -e in three of the forms quoted is Wirtleie in Domesday-Bk. ; but the Wort- prob. unoriginal, as it has not persisted ley nr. Leeds was Wirkelay in the 13th in the mod. name and in view 'of the cent., Wirkeleia in the 12th, pointing to absence of confirmatory topog. evidence O.E. ge)we{o)rc, a fortification. otherwise the local elem. would represent Johannes de Wortelay.^ O.E. stdn, ''stone,' 'stone monument,' Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. ' castle.'

Worston, Lanes, has also contradic'tory WORTON (Eng.) i Bel. to Worton ; or liweller mediaeval forms— 13th cent. Wortheston, at the Vegetable-Garden [O.E. wyrt, a Worchestone, Wurchestun, Wrthiston, Wrdes- wort, vegetable -1- tiin, an enclosuie, &e.]

ton (1241-2) ; but the last (the earliest) The Oxf Wortons were Worton in the is pi'ob. to be trusted, pointing to the 13th cent. Worton, Yorks, occurs as genit. of 'an Aj-Sax. pers. name W(e)or'S Werlon in Domesday-Bk. worthy, honourable, beloved]. [= 2 occ. for Warton, q.v.

(Eng.) i Bel. to Worth ; or Dweller WORTH WORTS (Eng.) a nickname for a seller or i.e. the at (a) the Worth, Farm [O.E. grower of Vegetables [M;E. wort, O.E. w{e)or^] (J) the Shore or River-Bank ; wytt, a wort, vegetable] [O.E. w(e)ai^, wardS] WOSTED for Wor8te(a)d, q.v. Roger' fil. Jordani de Wurthe. Charter-Rolls, A.D. 1234-5. WOSTENHOLM(E for Wolatenholme, q.v. William de la Worthe. Hund-Rolls, A.D. 1274. WOTHERSPO(0)N for Wetherspoon, q.v. Philip atte Worthe.— (Eng.) Bel. to Wotton, a var. of Soms. Subs.-Roll, A.D. 1327. WOTTON Wootton, q.v. 2 Worthy, Honourable, Beloved is a [O.E. w(e)orS] WOUTERS, Wouter's (Son) : Wouter Dutch form of Walter. WORTHING (Eng.) Bel. to Worthing (Suss.; Norf.), A.-Sax. *Wyt^ingas, *Weor'Singas WOVENDEN, an assim. form of' Wolfenden, = (the Estate of the) WyrS^ or WeorS- q.v. Family [the pers. name is f. O.E. wyt^, WOZENCROFT for Wolstenoroft, q.v. w{e)or^ (v. Worth') -f -ingas (dat. pi. pi. ' I -ingum), of the 'son suft. -ingl Worthing, Suss., was Worthyng in the wragge}^-«-^s(^''i-'- early-i5th ceni., Werthing in the 14th cent. The Wyrtingas of a loth-cent. ch'arter WRAGGS, Wragg's (Son). ('Cart. Sax.' no. 1055) 'i*s been wrongly for Wright, q.v. identified with Worthing, Sussex. Wort- WRAIGHT ing, Hants, is the place rh6ant. WRANG (Scaud.) Wry, Crooked [O.N. WORTHING TON (Eng.) Bel. to Worthington w)rang-r, wry, crooked; whence Dan.- (Lane; Leic), A;-Sax. *Weor^inga-tiin = ' Norw. vrang (vriengen, wry face, wry mouth)

the Estate of the WeorS- Family [the and Swed. vfaang, wrong, perverted ; and pers. name is f. O.E. ro(g)ortS (v. Worth') E. 'wrong/]

' -1- ' ' is equiV.i -ingat genit. pi. of the son ' suiT. -ing "Thus the Yorks Wrangbrook ' + tiin, farm, estate, &c.j in meaning to tlie South. Woburn.' — — — ; —:

3" Wrangham Wrighton

WRANGHAM (A.-Scand.) Dweller at Wrang's Peter Wrench.—/?««<;. Rolls. Home or Estate [O.E. ham = O.N. heima: She knewe eche wrenche and every gise for the pers. name see Wpang] [guise] WRATH (Eng.) Fierce, Savage. [O.E. virdV, Of love, and every wile. ' mod. wroth] Chaucer, Rom. of the Rose, 4292-3. WRATHALL (Erig.) Dweller at Wr^tia's WRENNALL (Eng.) Dweller at'(prob.) Wren- Hall [O.E. h(ejall, hall : the pers. name na's Hall [v. Wren(n'; and + O.E. is f. O.E. wrcett, ornament, jeWel]

, h{e)alt\ WRATTEN for Wratton, q.v. A Wrennanwyll, 'Wrenna's Well'l [Wrennan-, genit. of Wrenna], occurs in WRATTING (A.-Scand.) Bel. to Wratting — a 9th-cent. Wilts Charter ' Cart. Sax.' (Carab.: loth cent. Wreatting, Wrcetting no. 469. ('aet PKratt/n^e'—dat.); Suff,: 14th I cent. Wretting) = Wr.«:tta's Meadow [O. East. There is a Wren Hall in Notts.

E- ing, borr. f. O.N. eng, meadow : the pers. name is f. O.E. wrdstt, ornament, WREYFORD, v. Wrefond. jewel] WRtDGWAY for Ridg(e)way, q.v. WRATTON (Scand.) Bel. to Wratton or Wrayton: v. WPayton. WRIFORD, v. Wreford. WRAXALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wraxall or Wrax- WRIGGLESWORTH(Eng.)aformof Riddles- hall (several) = Wr^^ecc'S Hall [O.E. worth (q.v.), with ^ for d before /. ; h{e)all: the pers. name is f. O.E. wrcBcci/i, exile, adventurer (mod. 'wretch'] • WRIGHT (Eng.) Workman, Worker; Car- penter \M.E. wrighte, &c,, O.E.wryhta, WRAY 1 (Scand.) Dweller Jn the Corner or

wyrhta] . ' Nook [©.N. ar^f] Wray or Wrea, N. Lanes, owing its Se Txe6wyrhta segSS: Hwilc 'e6wer ne pame to its situation at the confluence of notaS craefte minon, ]>opne hiis, and mist- the Hind Burn and Roe Burn, was Wra lice fata, and scypd, e6w eallum ic wyrce? and Wrae in the 13th cent. (The Tree-Bright (carpenter) saith Which of you does not make use of my Thomas del Wra. , Yorks Poll-Taii, A.D. 1379. craft, since houses, and various utensils, ' Cp. Wroe. and ships, for you all I make (build) ?). Mlfrici Colloquium, late loth' cent. 2 for Ray, q.v. ' Ac [but] I wene it worth, of manue, WRAYTON (Scand.) Bel. to Wrayton ,(N. As was in Noes [Noah's] tyme Lane), 14th cent; Wraton, 13th cent. Tho [when] he shoop that shipe Wraiton, Wraton = the Village in the Of shides and of hordes, Corner or Nook [O.N. wra, corner + tri«, Was iievere wrighte saved that wroghte village, &c.] theron. Piers Plowman, 6415-20. WREA I for Wpay, q.v. / In youthe he [the reeve] lerned hadde 2 for q.v. Rea, a good myster [trade]. WREAKS for Reakes, a var. of Raik6s, He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter. Rakes, q.v. Chaucer, 'Cant, Tales, A 613-14. , There is a hamlet calleld Wreaks-Brigg WRIGHTINGTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wrightjng- ' in W. Yorks. \ , ton (Lane), 13th certt. Wryghtyngton, WREFORD (Scand. + Eng.) Dweller at the Wrichtingion, A.-Sax.* Wryhtinga-tAn .= the Ford of the Corner or Nook [v. Wrea, Estate of the Wryhta Family [O.E. wryhta, wyrhta, workman, artificer + -inga, Wray ;^ and + M.E. O.E./or^i] genit. pi. of the fil. suff. •ing + ttin, farm, WREGG, v. Wragg, Ragg. estate, &c.] , pers, nickname WREN ) (Eng.) a name and WRIGHTMAN = Wright (q.v.) -|- E. man. WRENN j from the Wren [M.E. wrenne, O.JE. ' wrenna] , WRIGHTON (Eng.) Dweller at the Wright's ^ ^(Celt.) Lord, Ruler, Chief [O.Wel. rMn] Place [O.E. wryhta, wynhta (gfenit. wryh- tan-, wyrhtan-) + ttin'] WRENCH (Eng.) is doubtless a nickname f. M.E. wrench{e, O.E. wrewc,' 'wile,' 'trick,' A WrightoH occurs in a Yorks ' Inq. ad 'artifice.' q. Damn.', temp. Hen. VL , —

312 Wrightson Wydell

WRIGHTSON, the Wright's Son: v. Wright. In a few cases Wyqrd, Wyart, seem to WRIGLEY (Eng.) 1 Dweller at the Ridge-Lea have merged into Wyatt. [O.N.E. hrycg = O.N. hrygg-r + O.E. ledh (Scand.) the O.Scapd. Uigbidm<=y (M.E. Uy, tegh, &c.] WYBERN ] i War-Bear [O.N. «(?-, war, battle The initial W- in the name is evid. WYBORN -{- hiorn, bjdrn, hear] intrusive, and due to analogy; yet it is WYBURnJ

' J somewhat surprising to find a Willelm'us (Eng.) the Late A.-Sax. Wigbeom = hero,prince] Wryglegh ' as early as a.d. 1379—in the War-Hero [O.E.it/ig+beorn, Yorks PoU-Tax. But the A.-Sax. name is usually an . 2 occ. for Ridley, q.v. Anglicization of the Norse Uigbiorn. -

WRINCH, a var. of Wrench, q.v. Robert Wyborn.—i^Marf. Rolls.

WRIIMGROSE for Ringrose, q.v.

WYBlR5}^Wibert.Wiberd. , WRIXEN \ for Rixon = Ricl

WYBROWj anc. (Latmized fornj) Wigberga . WROE, a var. of Wray', q.v. [cp. the pron. of — the Battle-Hill [O.E. wig, battle, ^

the cogn. Dan.-Norw. vraa [a corner) : aa war -I- heorg, beorh, hill, mound] as aw] Cp. Wigfall.

Thomas del Wro.— 1 for Wiberd. Wibert, q.v. Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. WYBURD

WROOT for Root, q.v. WYCH 1 lengthened,or rather diphtbongized,

WYCHE I forms of Wioh, q.v. WROUGHTON (Eng.) Bel. to Wroughton Adam del Wych.—LawirfFiHei.A.D. 1346. i (Wilts) = Wr6ca's Estate [A.-Sax. *Wrdcan-tun—Ufrdcan-, genit. of Wroca + WYCHERLEY (Eng.) Bel. toWycherley (Salop) ttin, estate, farm, &c.] , = (prob.) Wichere's Lea [M.E. Uy,

,W/R0X(H)ALL (Eng.) Bel. to Wroxhall , O.E. ledh] (Warw.), 13th cent. Wrokeshal, Wrocches- Wycherley, the dramatist, was a Shrop-

. hal. A^-Sax* Wroc(c)esh(e)dlt = WrOc(c)'s shire inan. Hall [O.Merc, hall, a hall] WRYGHT(E = Wright, q.v. WYCLIFF 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Wycliffe (N.

WYCLIFFE I Yorks), the Domesday Witclive;; or IJweller at the White Cliff [O.E. WutpEl'-Woine. hwit -t clif] Wycliffe app. owes his name to WULFSON, v. Wolfson. John

the Tees-side place ; but there are natu- WURSTER, V. Worcester. rally other small sppts of the same name —e.g., the Whitcliveoi a i4th-cent. Soms. WYAND (Eng. and A.-Fr.-Teut.) Warrior, roll seems to be the place referred to as Hero [O.E. wlgend = O.Sax. wigand and 'aet Hwttan Clife' (dat. case) in a charter O.H.Ger. Tvlgant, whence Fr. Guyand, dated A.D. 962— 'Cart. Sax.' no. 1094. Guiand (Ger. surname Weigand] (A.-Celt.) Bel. to WYARD 1 (Eng.andA.-Fr.-Teut.)WAR-BKAVE WYCOMBE Wycombe (Bucks), the Domesday Wicutnbe = the WYART / [A.-Sax. Wigh{e)ard = O.Ger. Wig- (partly) Fr. Valley of the R. Wye [v. Wye (Celt.), hard,. Wighart, whence Guyard, ^ Guiard, Guyart, Guiart—wig, war -|- h(e)ard, and -1- the A.-Sax. form, cumb, 01 Celt.^ (O.H.Ger.) hart, hsifA, brave] ciim (Wel. cwm), a valley] This name (pron. Wickam) has been Adam Wyard.—Hund. Rolls. confused with Wickham. (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the A.-Fr. WYATT IVyot, Fr- WYDELL (Eng.) Dweller at the Wide DELl Guyot (very common), Guiot = Guy (q.v.) or Valley [O.E. wid + dell,dixt] -)- the Fr. dim. sun. -ot. The Herts Wyddiall occurs in Doraes- Wyot de Wrthiston [Worston]. day-Bk. as Widihale, prob. representing Landing. (A.D. 1258), i. 216. ' ' ' Widig's Nook or Corner ' [the A.-Sax. Henry Wyot.—Hund. Rolls. pers. name *Wldig is f. wid, broad -f the Wyot Balistarius.—Ctee Rolls. dim. suff. -i^ {Widuc, with dim, suff. -«c,

Guyet (dim. suff. -et) is also a French is recorded) ; the local elem. is app. O.E. surname. h(e)al{h, a nook] — ——— — — — ——

313 Wye Yalland

WYE (Eng.) Man ; Warrior [M.E. wy(e, 2 Wily [f. M.E. wile, a wile; O.E.

O.K. wiga ; i. wig, war] / I w(g'(o)/, divination] as alle thise wise And wyes The wyly fox, the wedowis inemye. Weren togideres. TheKingis Quair, I. 1089. H«ri P/owwan, 13284-5. (Celt.) Dweller by one of the Rivers WYLSON = Wilson, q.v. Wye \i. the early form of Wei. g)wy, (Eng.) i the A.-Sax. = water ; thus the Wye which runs into the WYMAN tVlgman(« Warrior, Soldier [O.E. wig, war Severn is called Gwy in Wales ; and one + of its tributaries is the Bach-wy = Little r ' man(n\ Gwy. 2 for Wymond, q.v, q.v. WYER (Eng.) i for Wire, q.v. 3 coiif. with Whyman, 2 a var. of Wier, Weir, Wear(e, q.v. WYIVIANS, Wymaiji's (Son). WYKE, a form of Week or Wick, q.v. cent. Roger de la Wylce. Hund. Rolls. WYMARK (Eng.) the I2th-i3th Wymarci Wimarc, A.-Sax. Wigm{e)arc (fem.) = Thus Wyke, nr. Axminster, is also Battle-Emblem [O.E. wig, battle, war -|- galled Week. m(e)arc, emblem, sign (mark] WYKEHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Wykeham= Wick- ham, q,v. WYMER (Eng.) the A.-Sax. »'(g-»ic6f-= Battle- Wyl^eham, nr. Pickering, Yorks, was Famous [O.E. wig, battle, war + mdsre, Wtcam in Domesday-Bk. famous, illustrious]

Wimerus. Domesday^Book. . WYKES, pi., and genit., of Wyke, q.v. Wymer atte Grene. Hund. Rolls. Agneta atte Wykes. Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. WYMOND (Eng.) the common A.-Sax. IVig- WYLSE)'=Wild(e,-q.v. mund: v. Wigmund. Wymond of the Wardrop [Wardrobe]. Thow made the barren hills, wylde%oa\.s Taill of Rauf Coilyear, 221. refuge.—James I., Psalme CIIII. WYNDHAIVI = Windhann, q.v. WYLD(E)S, Wyld(e)'s (Son).

WYLDSMITH, v. Wlldsmith. WYNN \ _ ^'""(^'wui„„/„ ''''•ri„ WYNNE } = WYLER, v.Weiler in thf Appendix of Foreign Names. WYNSER, like Winser, for Windsor, q.v. WYLES (Eng.) i a lengthened, or rather = Winter, q.v. diphthongized, form of Wills, q.v. WYNTER 2 for Wyld(e)s, q.v. WYON = Quyon, q.v.

('^"S-) T diphthongized forms of wvi I ir I WYSE = Wise, qv. WYLY J^""^'^"'^y''l''- Here is Wyll Wyly the myl pecker. WVTH^} = WltHe,q.v. Cocke Lorelles Bote: Percy Soc, vol. ii.

Bel. td Yalding (Kent), app. YABSLEY (Eng.) Dweller at Yabb's or Yebb's YALDING (Eng.) *Ealdingas = (the Estate ot the)\ Lea [Yehh, a Lane. dim. form of Edmund A -Sax. pi., Family [O.E. eald, old -f- the (l-v-) M.E. ley, O.E. leak, a meadow] Eald- + ' of the ' son suff. '-insas (dat. pi. -ingum), -'««] YAKESLEY, v. Yaxley. , YALE, a dial, form of Hale, q.v. Abbot Yakesley pfThorney was a native of Yaxley, Hunts. Nat. Gaz., s.n. Yaxley. YALLAND (Eng.) i V. Yealand. 2 Dweller at the Slope-Land [the YALDEN (Eng.) i dial, for Yald'lng, q.v. Yaldelondi of the Devon Hundred-Rolls surnames 2 a var. of Yelden, q.v. is evid. the orig. of the Devon Yelland: Yalde- is doubtless for (rarely) 3 for the A.-Sax. pers. name Yalland, O.E. heald, a slope] Ealdhun [eald, old -I- the ethnic name Hun] — — —— —

314 Yallap Yeamans

YALLAP \ (Eng.) Dweller at (app.) the Yellow in Denbighshire. In Perthshire the river- YALLOP f Hope or Valley [North. E. and name takes the form Garry. The cognate Scot, yallow, OS., geolo, yellow + hope,ia Irish stream-name is Owen [pron. of Ir. valley or hollow: v. Hope (the orig. sense abhainn, river] Garve, just as Owen-duff, was doubtless ' a round place,' as a round ' Black River,' is the Ir. cogn. of the Wei.

hollow ; f. O.E. hdp, a hoop] Afon-ddu (Carnarvon) = River Dee: Flows ? YAPP (Eng.) the North. E. and Stat, yap = Yarrow sweet as sweet, as sweet flows Quick, Eager [O.E. gedp, cunning,astute] Tweed.

' 'The Btaes ot Yarrow' (Selkirk) ; YARBORO Percy's Reliques- YARBOROUGH = q.v. YARBROUGH Yerburgh, Yerbury, YARWOOD (Eng.) for Harwood (q.v.), with YARBURY common dial, substitution of Y- lor H-. (Eng.) at YARDLEY (Eng,)'Bel. to Yardley ; or Dweller YATE Dweller a Gate [M.E. yatie, at thfe Yard-Lea [M.E. yard{e, yerd(e, yet{e, yeat(e,.0.^. geai, a gate, opening] enclosure, court, O.E. garden ; g{e)ard, Henry del Yate. fence, enclosure + M.E. ley, O.E. ledh, Chesh. Chmhrlns.' A.D. meadow] Accts., 1303-4. William atte Yate. The Wore. Yardley was Yerdeley, i4t,h- do. do. do., A.D. 1347-S./' 15th cent. WiUiam atte Yete. YARE;(Eng.) Quick, Active, Ready [M.E. S^ms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. 1327. yare, O.E. geard] For other wey is fro the yate non. — (Celt.) Dweller by one of the Rivers Chaucer, Troil. & Cris., ii. 617. • Yare or Yar [a contracted form of And whan they came to kyng Adlands Yarrow, q.v.] hall, Untill the fayre hall yate.— YARKER (Eng.) Striker, Beater ; Pre- ': parer, Dresser [f. North. E. and §cot. 'King Estmere Percy's Reliques.

yarh, to Strike, beat, prepare ; M.E. yarken, Sperrc' [fasten] the yate fast for feare of O.E. gearcian, to prepare] fraude. Johannes Yarker. Spenser, The Shepheards Cal.iM.aiy). Yorks Poll-Tax, A.D. 1379. Cp. Yates.

(Celt. Eng.) Bel. to Yarmouth YARMOUTH + YAT(E)MAN (Eng.) Gateman [v. Yate, and (Norf. ; I. o. W.) = the Mouth of the -t- man, O.E. man{n\ R. Yar(e [v. under Yare (Celt.), Yarrow;

and -I- O.E. muta, river-mouth] YATES, pi., and genit., of Yate, q.v.

I here and see bothe ,YARNALL = ArnalU Arnold (q.v.), with How a spirit speketh to helle common dial, prothetic Y-. And biddeth unspere [undo] iheyates-— YARNOLD = Arnold (q.v.), with common Piers Plowman, 12598-600. dial, prothetic Y-. YAXLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Yaxley (Hunts: loth, cent.' Gedces ledh; Suff.) = Geac's Lea YARNTON 1 (Eng.)Bel.toYarnton(Oxon), [the pers.nanie is a nickname f. O.E. gedc, YARRANTON I A.D. 1^206 Erdinton, 1149 a cuckoo : h ledh, a meadow] YARRINGTON J 24r(fc«to«, the Domesday Hardintone (where the H- is prob. un- YEA, v. Yeo. orig.), A.-Sax. *Eardantun = Earda's YEADON (Eng.) Bel. to Yeadon (W. Yorks), Estate [the pers. name Earda (genit. t3th cent. Yedon, Domesday ladun = the Eardaif-) is f. O.E. eard, m., home, native EwE-Hill' [the first elem. is evid. the place or country:^ -1- tun, estate, farm- dial. N.E. yeaw, a ewe, O.E. edwe, eowe stead] + 'don, O.E. dtin, a hill] YARROW (Celt.) Bel. to Yarrow; or Dweller by the K. Yarrow = the Rough or Tur- YEALAND (Eng.) Bel. to Yealand (N. Lanes), bulent (River) [Cym. garw = Gael, and 13th cent. Yaland. Yeland, Yholand, Yea-

Ir. garhh, rough, turbulent : We), garw lauttd, Domesday laliint = the Ewe-Land ' also = a torrent] [v. under Yeadon, and -f O.E. land]

I There is an Afon [River] in (Jarw YEAMAN = Yeoman, q.v. Glamorganshire which "rushes very hurriedly and noisily"; and a river Geirw YEAMANS = Yeomans, q.v. 1 ; — — ..

315 Yeames Yeovil

YEAMES, a prothetic form of Eames, q.v. John atti Yo, Voo.

For riother ante nor jieOTg.-T- Soms. Subsidy-Roll, A.D. I ^zy. Chesier Plays, ii. 55. 3 (rarply) descendants of the A.-Sax. YEARLEY pers. name Edwa, [prob, f. O.E. prothetic forms of Eapl(e)y, q.v. Edwa YEARLY J edw, e&w, m., a (male) sheep, rather than f. O.E. (kis), law^ Scripture, (religious) YEARSLEY (Eng.) Bel. to Ye^rsley (Yorks), ' ceremony] the Domesday Eureslage = Efer's Lea A Edwa or Edwa was a brother of [the genJt. Of O.E. efer, eofor (common as Penda, the 7th-cent. king of Mercia. a pers. name), a boar + O.E. Udh. a v. ' meadow! YEOLAND, Yealand. , YEAT(E (North.) = Ya^e, q.v. YEOMAN (Teut.) orig. Countryman, Rustic ; later Yeat, sb., a gate.—iVortA. Eng. Words Retainer ; Freeholder [M.E. yoman (also yhoman), yeman ; not' found in (1781) ; Eng. Dial. Soc, Ser. B. O.E.-^doubtless borr. f. L.Ger.: cp.O.Fris. YEATES ) gdntan, f. ^a, district, village (Mod. (West) YEATS hNorth.) = Yates, q.v. Fris. gea, district, region), O.L.Ger. gd, Y^ATTS ) district ; cogn. with Mod. High Ger. gau, district, country (as disting. from town), YEATMAN (North.) = Yateman, q.v. M.H.Ger. gou, O.H.Ger. gouwi, gemi; YEILDING for Yelden, q.v. Goth. gawJ, district, country, whence gauia, countryman] YELDEN (Eng.) Bel. to Yelden (Beds), the Henricus Yhoman.

Domesday Giv^ldene = Gifol's Valley / Yorks Poll-Tax, A.T>. izi<). \0.'E..gifol, liberal, generous+de«M, valley] Chaucer's description of the yeoman of If Yelden were on a river lyel (Give!) his day, although somewhat lengthy, is it would have berin necessary to refer to worth quoting, as giving the type which Yeovil. gave rise to the surname A yeman hadde he [the knight], and ser- YELDHAM (Eng.) Bel. to Yeldham (Essex), \ vantz namo [no more] YELDOM /14th cent. Yeldham [As Gt. and At that tyme, for hym liste ride soo Little Yeldham are in a valley the first ; ;, And he was clad in cote and houd of elem. is evid. not for O.E. hdald, a slope :

, grene. it is prob. (with common dial, prefixed Y-) A sheef of pocdck arwes [peacock arrows] for O.E. eald, old :— + O.E. ham{m, bright and kend 1 ! enclosure, dweUing] Under his belt he bar ful thriftily ..." '

var. ! YELL, a of Yale, Hale, q.v. And in his hand he baar a myghty bowe . And by his syde a swerd [sword] and a (Eng.) I v. YELLAND Yealand. bokeler, -

2 v. Yalland'. And on that oother syde a gay daggere . . An horn he bar, the bawdryk [baldric] YELLOP, V. Yallop. was of grene. A forster [forester] was he, sobthly as I YELLOWLEY 1 (Eng.) Dweller at the Yellow gesse.— Vxo\. Cant. Tales, loi-ii"]. YELLOWLY / Lea [O.E. geolu + ledh] Although Chaucer in the above quo- YELVERTON (Eng.) Bel. to Yelverton (Norf. tation has the spelling yemdn, in the Devon) [O.E. tiin, farm, estate : the first Reeve's Tale he refers to. the miller's- elem. repr. (with dial, , common pi-othetic " estaat of yomanrye." Y-) an .A-Sax. pers. name like MSelfriS, the Yeoman's (Son) v. EaldfrilS, Mlfhere, &c.—suff. early forms YEOMANS, \ Yeo- the to decide which are not available] YEOMANSON, Yeoman's Son | man. YEWIAN, V. Yeoman. YEOVIL (Celt.) Bel. to Yeovil (Soms.), the A.-Sax. Gifel (dat. Gifle)\i. the river-name V. YEMANS, Yeomans. Gifel, later Ivel, also Yevel (now the Yeo,

a dial, form of O.E. ed, river ; whence the YENSON, an Anghcization of the Scand. mod. torm Yeovil) ; f. the early form of JeAsen (Johnson), q.v. in the Appendix Wei. gefell, twin (gefail, tongs) ; conn. of Foreign Names. fork Ga6l. a , with Wei. ^-aj?, a = gabhal, fork, Ir. gdbhal (genit. gaibhle), O.lr. gabul, (Eng.) I Vars. of Yew, q.v. Y^y I a fork, gable ; and cogn. with O.E! gafol, 9 Dweller by one of the Rivers Yep: [a a fork, and with E. gable = Ger. giebel, • prothetic form of O.E. ed, streanj, river] •' Vut. gevel, Goth, gibld] — — —

316 Yeoward Youdall

YEOWARD \ = Eward, q.v. / '^^- '^°™® °^ Young, q.v. YEOWART YONGE } With hym ther was his sone, a yang YERBURGHl (Eng.) Bel. to Yarborough " squier.—Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 79. YERBURY f (Line), 14th cent. Yerdbergh, " 13th cent. Yerdeburc{k — the Earth-' YONGEMAN = Youngman, q.v. Fortification [O.E. eor'Sburg, an earth- work. Y- in the name is the common Yule, q.v. dial, prefix : cp. ti.^. yearth for 'earth '] yS§Le}= AtYarborough in (Line), the wapentake YORATH for Yopwarth, q.v. of the same name, are " traces of an extensive camp.'' At Yarborough, Louth YORK "1 (A.-Lat.-Celt.) Bel. tp York, the (Linc.)( G. J. Yarburgh was lord of the YORKE 1 M.E. Yorke, York, DomesAay Euruic, manor in 1869. As^a 'John de Yerbury' O.N. loruik, A.-Sax. Eoforwic, Eoferwic occurs in a Soms. Subsidy-Roll, a.d. 1327, [eof0r,-er (f as vj, boar -t- w(c, place],' Lat. there is (or was) probably a spot of the Eboracum, Eburacum (b prob. pron. nearly- same name \n West. England. as v) — Eburos's Estate [Eburacum is the Roman form of an O.Celt. *Eburacon^ = q.v. YETMAN Yeatman, Yateman, (ace), -dc-um, or -tfc-OM, being the common

domanial or possess, suff. ; while Ebur-osi > YETT = Yate, q.v. Latinized Ebur-us, is a frequent Gaul, Out at the yett Wallas gat full fast.— pars, name meaning 'yew-tree' (the yew Henry the Minstrel, Schir William was a sacred tree) ; cogn. with Gael, and Wallace, iv. 778. Ir. iubhar, O.Ir. ibar (whence the Irish pers. name Ibhar or I var), yew; Wei. ^/lor YETTON (Eng.)' i Bel. to Yetton or Yatton = now means ' hedge or of the '] the Enclosure Farm Gate Agnes de York. or Opening \M.¥.^yet{t, yat{e, O.E. geat^, Yorks Poll-Tax, ^.D. 1379. a gate, opening -|- M.E. -ton, O.E. tun, enclosure, &c.] At t>e ersbisschop of York now will I bigyn.^L. Minot, Poems (14th cent.), ix. 29. 2 for the M.E. pi., yeten/oiyet, a gate. Le nom gaulois de I'if [yew], eburos, a dial, form of Eaton, q-v. 3 joue un rOle important dans la nomen-

clature gdographique des , Gaulois. . . . YETTS = Yates, q.y. I Le nom d'homme Eburus s'est rencontre souvent dans les inscriptions romaines. YEUDALL \ (Eng.) Dtveller at the Yew- ... En Angleterre York, Eburacus, en YEWDALL J' Valley [O.E. iw + d(el'\ derive. Cp. Udall. de Jubainville, Les Celtes (1904), pp. 5 1-2.

YEW (Eng.) I Dweller by a Yew-Tree [O.E. The mod. Welsh name of York is iw] Caerefrog [Wei. caer, fortress, city]. The 2 (rarely) a, descendant of the A.-Sax. Irish name is Ebroch. pers. name Eowa, Edwa; v. Yeo".

YORWARTH is an Aiiglicization of the Welsh v YEWEN for Ewen, Ewan, q.v. form, lorwerth, oi the A.-Sax. Eddweard

[v. Edward] ; and its peculiar form, with YEWS, pi., and genit., of Yew, q.v. the Efpp. phonetic substitution of -r- for -d-, YMAN for Wyman, q.v. is doubtle.ss due to the attempt to, ap- proximate- to the pronunciation of the YOCKNEY (Eng.) Dweller at the Oak-Tree A.-Sax. Edd-. Island" or Waterside [O.E. dcen, adj. lorwerth uab Maredudd form f. O.E. dc, oak-tree -|- ({e)g, island, (lorwerth son of Meredith).

&c. : Y- in the is the dial. ' , name common ' Breuddwyd Rhonabwy (Dresim prefix] of Rhonabwy) ; Mabinogion.

YOUARD 1 YOHE 1 = Yeo, q.v. YOUART \ = Eward, q.v. YOUATT YOEMAN J = Yeoman, q.v. YOHMAN I YOUD 1 , . ,youdeJ =''"'^«'1''- YOLLAND, a var. of Yalland, q.v. = Veuda.,.q.. YOMAN = Yeqoman, q.v. ^Y§^C^L^ — —

317 Youds Zouch

YOUDS, Youd's (Son) : v. Youd, Jude. YOUNGMAN [v. Young, and -t- E. wah] This name is sometimes a recent Ang- YOUELL (Eng.) i Dweller at (a) the Spring licization of the corresD. Ger. JungmOfi. by the Yew(s [O.E.Yto, yew-tree +'w{i)ell(a, well, spring], (6) the Ewe-Spring (spring YOUNGMAY [v. Young and May] frequented by ewes) [O.E. S(o)we, ewe] YOUNGS (Eng.) Young's (Son).: v. Young. 2 conf. with Yuill, q.v. YOUNGSBAND idr Younghiisband, q.v. YOUENS for Ewens, q.v.

YOUNGSMITH , [v. Young and Smith]

YOULLJ ^"'e, q.v. YOUNGSON (Eng.) Young's Son : v. Young. YOXALL (Eng.) Bel. to Yoxall (Staffs), 13th Bel. Yorks),. YOULTON (Eng.) to Youlton (N. cent. Yoxhal(e, lokeshal = (prob.) Geac's Ge6l's the Domesday loletun — (prob.) Hall [the pers. name (in the genitive) Farm 6r Estate [see under Yule, and is a nickname f. O.E. gedc, a^ cuckoo -f- O.E. farm, &c.] -I- tun, O.Merc. hall, a hall] V. YOUMANS, Yeomans. YUILL (Eng.) i Dweller at {a) the Yew-Hill the [O.E. , [O.E. iw + hyll] (b) Ewe-Hill "I (Eng.) This name doubtless owes YOUNG ^{o)we hyll] YOUNGE ifs C9mmonness to being used in -f I 2 conf. with Youell, q.v. the sense of 'the younger' or 'junior' [M.E. yong{e, yung{e, O.E. geong, young] YULE (Eng.) a name given to one born it Christmas [M.E. youle, yole, O.E. geol

. John le Yonge. ffund.^RoUs. = O.N. iol, "a great midwinter-feast in Young, in our directories, is often a ' the heathen-time, afterwards applied to recent Anglicization of the cognate Gei-. Christmas"] Jung. Robertus Youle. Yorks Poll-Tax. A.p. 1379. YOUNGER (Eng.) Junior [cdmpan of Young] YUNG. V. Young. [v. and Husband] YOUNGHUSBAND Young YUNGER, v. Younger. Roger le Yonghusband.— Co/. Rot. Orig. YUNGLING, V. Youngling. YOUNGLING (Eng.) Youth {O.K.geongling— -ling, dim. suff.] YUNGMAN.V. Youngman.

Zachariah, q.v. ZEALEY (Eng.) a voiced (West-Country) ^ACH, a dim. of Zachary, qvA Lord hath Re- form of Sealey, Seeley, ZACHARIAH \ (Heb.) The ZIMMERMAN (Ger.) Carpenter: v. the ZACHARY J membered [Heb. Z'Marydh ; Appendix of Foreiign Names. f. zdkhar, to remember, and Yah, Jehovah] V. Such. ZEAL 1 (Eng.) Bel. to Zeal (Devon), a voiced ZOUCH, ZEALL 1 (West-Country) form of Seal, q,v. Alan de la Zovxhe.— Testa iie Nevill. ,

3i8

ETYMOLOGICAL

Appendix of the Principal Foreign Names

FOUND IN BRITISH DIRECTORIES.

ACKERMANN (Ger.) Husbandman, Agri- BAUER (Ger.) Peasant, Husbandman culturist [O.H.Ger. achar, acchar, a field [M.H.Ger. gebure, O.H.Ger. giburo^

-i- manin] Eng. Acreman. Eng. Bower^.

ADLER (Ger.lJ Eagle [M.H.Ger.adler, adel-ar; BAUM (Ger.) Tree [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. 6o«»i] I. O.H.Ger. adal, noble + aro (mod. aar), Eng. Beam. ^ large bird of prey, eagle] BAUMANN (Ger.) BuilDer [M.H.Ger. ADOLF \(Ger.) Noble Wolf [f. O.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. bu, building, construction + ADOLPH f adal. noble -\- wolf] mdn(n]\ BAUMGARTNER (Ger.) Nurseryman* [see AHRENS.genit. of Ahrent (with dropped -t-) Baum ; and + gdrtner, gardener, f. M.H.Ger. ^art^, 'O.H.Ger. garto, garden] AHRENT (Ger.) Eagle [L.Ger. arent = Dut, arend] BAYER (Ger.) Bavarian [f. the Latinized; ALBRECHT (Gef.) = Albert, q.v. in Diet. tribal name Bauarii] (Fr.) Noble Stronghold, [Fr. ANDERSEN (Scand.) Dan.-Norvv. form of BEAUFORT

ibeau, bel, tine, noble ; Lat. Fr, Anderson, q.v. in Diet. [Dan.-Norw. bell-us + fort, a stronghold, fort ; f. 'Lai.fort-is, strong] son, son] ^ There are several places of this name ANDRE (Fr.) = Andrew, q.v. in Diet. in France.

ANTON (Ger.) for the Lat. Antonius (Eng. BEAUFOY (Fr.) Fine or Noble Beech-Tree

Atft(h)ony), f. the , Gr. Antios, Latinized [Fr. beau, bel, Lai: bell-, fine, &c. -f O.Fr- Antius [Gt. dvTlos, conironting] fay, fai (mod. Fr. fay-ard), Lat. fag-us, a

' I j beech-tree]' APFEL (Ger.) = Apple, q.v. in Diet. [M.H.Ger. There is a Beaufai in Orne, Normandy. ap/el. O.H.Ger. apful] BEAULIEU (Fr.) see Beaulieu in Diet, AREND(T (Dut.) Eagle - [Dut. arend]

BEAUMONT (Fr.) see Beaumont in Diet. ' ARMAND (Fr.) SoLdier, Warrior [f. O.Ger. (A.-Sax. Hariman Hereman) — hari, army, BECK (Ger.) Baker [Dial. Ger. Jec*, M.H.Ger. + man(n] becke,0.ii.Gev.becko]

Arnold', q.v. in Diet. ' ^^'-^ = . ARNAUT } BECKER (Ger.) Baker [Ger. backer, M^H.Ger. becket] ASCHER (Ger.) = Asher, q.v. in Diet. BEHREND (Ger.) Bear [f. O.Ger. Berin (with added -d), a dim. form of O.H.Ger. AUBERT (Fr.) = Albert, q.v. in Diet. bero, ^ bear] (Ger.) forms of Lat. AUGUST \ Altgustus: see BEHRENS, genit. of Behrend (vyitlj dropped AUGUSTE (Fr.) under Austin in Diet. J -d-). '

BE(H)RING (Ger.) Bear's Son [f. O.H.Ger.

' bero, a bear tUe son ' suff. BACH (Ger.) Brook [M.H.Ger.bach, O.H.Ger. -f- -ing] Eng. (Fr.) bah(h] Bach(e, i Batch, and BENOtT form of Benedict, q.v. in Diet. lA.-Scfeind. Beck. BERG (Ger.) Hill, Mountain [M.H.Ger. BARRAUD (Fr.) see under Barpat(t' in Diet. Q^H.Ger, bergl 319 Berger Courtier

BERGER "I (Fr.) Shepherd, Swain [Fr. BRONTE (Gr.) Thunder [Gr. ^povf^J

BERGIER J berger: see Bepgep in Diet.] The father of Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Bronte is said to haye been origin- ' (Ger.) Miner; Mountaineer BERG MANN ally named Prunty. [see upder Berg, and + mann\ (Dut.) [Dut. = Fris. and BERNHARDT (Ger.) Bear-Brave |}O.Ger. BRUIN Brown bruin O.Teut. ftnJn] Berinhard, Berinhari: Berin-, a dina. form oihero, a bear + O.h.Gex. hard, O.H.Ger^ BRUN (Fr.) Brown [Fr. 6n<«, f. Teul/.: see ' hart, hard, brave] under Braun] BERNSTEIN (Ger.) Amber [Ger. bemstein, BRUNEL (Fr.) Brown [•- Brun, with dim.

- suif. amber : the surname is mod. Ger.-Jewish] . -et] BUHL (Ger.) Lover, Sweetheart [Ger. buhle, BIRNBAUM (Ger.) Pear-Tr:ee [Ger. bime, a M.H.Ger. buole, O.H.Ger. buolo'] pear, is really a pi. form ; O.H.Ger. bira,

{. Lat. pir-um, a pear + Ger. baum, a tree : BURCKHARDT (Ger.) Stronghold-Firm see under Baum] [M.H.Ger. burc, O.Teut. burg, city, strong- hold -h hard, hart, hard, firm] BISCHOFF ($er.) Bishop [Ger. bischof; of the Corresp. to the A.-Sax. Burgh{e)arJ. same brig, as Eng. Bishop(p, q.v. in Diet. BURGER (Ger.) Burgher, Citizen [Ger. biir- BISMARCK (Ger.) f. the place-name Bismark ger, M.li.Ger. biirgcere, O.H.Ger, jMr^an] i.e. Bisehofsmark — the Bishop's March or Boundary [see Bischoff, and + BUSSY (Fr.) Thicket, Woody Place [O.Fr. ' O.H.Ger. marka] bus (mod. bois)i O.H.Ger. busc, a Dush,,

' BLOCH (Ger.) Block (nickname) [M.H.Ger. thicket, wood : -y repr. the Lat. planta- ' ' btoch. O.H.Ger. 6/oA(A] tion ' suffix -et-urn\

(fr.) Fair, LfeHT-CoMPLEX- BLONDEAU ] BLONDEL lONED [see Blond in Diet., and CAILLARD l (Fr.) i Piebald (evid. anapparel- BLONDET J -I- the Fr. dim. suffs. -eau, for CALLARD J nickname) [Dial. Fr. cail, caille, earlier -el, and -et] / piebald ; with intens. suff. -ard, O.Teut. BLUM (Ger.) Bloom, Flower [Ger. blume, hard, hard] M.H.Ger. bluome, O.H.Ger. SZuoma] 2 a nickname from the Quail [Fr. caille (of L.Ger. orig.) ; with suff. as above] BLUMBERG (Ger.) Flower-Hill [see Blum and Berg] CASTELNAU \ (Fr.) Nevv Castle [O.South. CASTELNEAU Fr. castel, Lat. castell-um -^ BLUMENFELD (Ger.) Flower-Field [Ger. J O.S.Fr. -nau, -neau, Lat. nov-um, new] pi. , blumen, ol blume (see Blum) +feld, O.H.Ger. feld, a field] CASTRO (Ital., Span,, Portug.) Castle [Lat. BLUMENTHAL (Ger.) Flower-Valley [see castrum, dat. castro] under Blumenfeld; and + Ger. t{h)al, CAZENOVEUFr.) New House [Fr. case

O.H.Gej. tal, a' dale, valley] CAZNEAU \ neuve, Lat. casa nova: see under Case in Diet.] BONNIN (Fr.) QooD [Fr. Jwi, Lat. bon-us, good the Fr. dim; suff. -in] CHAMP (Fr.) Field [Fr. Shamp, Lat. camp-US'] , +

BONVAL(L)ET (Fr.) Good Valet or Youth CHASTEL \(Fr.) Castle [O.Fr. chastel. [Fr. ban, Lat. bon-us, good -f- Fr. valets see Val let in Diet.] CHRISTIANSEN) Scand. forms of Christ- BOUCHARD (Fr.) BiG Mouth [Fr. bouche, CHRISTENSEN J ianson, q.v. in Diet. mouth, Lat. bucca^ + the Fr. intens. suff. -arJ, O.Teut, Aarrf, hard] CLERC l(Fr.)- Clerk [Fr. cUrc, Lat. BOUTEILlER (Fr.) Cup-Bearer [see Butler CLERGUE; cleric-us] in Diet.] COQUARD (Fri) Old Gallant, Old Beau BOUVIER"! (Fr.) Cattle-Drover, Ox-Herd [Fr. caq, a coek -1- the intens. suif. -ard, BOYER \[L.\^3Lt.bovarius;l.l^aX.bos,bovis, O.lerxt. hard] an ox] COUDRAY (Fr.) Hazel-Grove [see Cowdrey, BRAUN (Ger.) Brown [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. in Diet.] O.L.Ger. ftr(i/!] COURTIER (Fr.) Broker, Agent [O.Fr, BRENDT (Ger.) a syncopated var. of Behrend, couratier; Lat. curator, a guardian, over-

q.v. i looker] ;

320 Dacosta Du Pre

DACOSTA \ (Portug.) Of the Coast or DITTMAR (Ger.) People or Mightily

DA COSTA J Shore [Lat. casta, a side] Famous [O.H.Ger. diot(a, nation, people (see Theed in Diet.) -1- mdri, famous, &c.] D'ALLEMAGNEl (Fr.) Of Germany [Lat.- (Fr.) Golden [see in Diet.] D'ALMAINE J Teut. tribal name Al{l)e- DORE Doree matini, Alamanni, usually said to signify DREYFUS "I (Ger.) Trivet, Tripod [Ger. . the 'All-Men,' whatever that may mean. DRE\FUSSj dreifuss; f. O.H.Ger. drt, three Ill all probability there should bfe an fuoz, foot] initial H-, ahd the -e-, -a-, is a phon. +

intrust : I suggpst for the first elem. the A Jewish-Ger. nickname for a^maker O.Teut. halm- (as in OvN. hjAlm-r), ot the article-. No connexion with the

helra(et ; the Alamanni, in that case, being place-name Trfives. ' the Helmeted Men ': dp. Hess(eJ DRUCKER (Ger.) Printer [f. M.H.Ger. DANTE (Ital.) contr. of Durante, q.v. drucken, drucken, O.H.Ger. drucchan, to press]

1 (Portug.) the [Lat. DASILVA Of Wood DU- (niasc.) (Fr.) Of the [O.Fr. deu, del, f silva, a wood, thicket] DA SILVA contr. of de le; Lat. de + ilium (masc. ace]

DEFRAINE 1 (Fr.) Of (the) Ash-Tree fFr, DUBOC /r^«e, Lat ./ra.r!w-«x, an ash-tree] DE FRAINE | DUBOIS DUBOS DE JONG (Dut.) Xhe Young(er [Dul. de, DUBOSC the -f jong, young(er] DUBOSQ (Fr.) Of the Wood [see Buss DUBUC - in Diet.] DELACROIX "I (Fr.) Of the Cross [Lat. DELACROIX/ crux, crucis, a cross] DUBUS . DUBUSC DELACRUZ (Span.) Of the Cross [Lat. DUBUSQUE'' I DE LA' CRUZ crux, crucis, a cross] J (Fr.) the Bush or 'V DUBUISSON 1 OF DU BUISSON J Thicket [Fr. buisson on, DELARUE \ (Fr.) Of the Street [see Rew dim. suiT. : see Buss in Diet,]'. DE LA RUE I (Fr.-Lat.) in Diet.] I DUCHENE (Fr.) Of the Oak-Tree [Fr. DELMAR 1 (Span.) Of the Sea (-Coast) or I DUCHESNE \chene, O.Fr. chesne, quesne: see Lake [Lat. mare, the sea] DEL MAR 1 in Diet.] DUQUESNE J under Cheney DEPASS (Fr.) Of (the) fass or Track \ DUCLOS ] (Fr.) Of the Enclosure [Fr^ DE PASS J [Ft. pas(se; hat. pass-us, a track] CLOSJc/fli; f. Lat. claudere (sup. claur DU ^

^ I sum), to close]' DESBOIS ] (Fr.) Of the Woods [see Buss in. Diet.]_. - DES BOIS j , DUFEU 1 (Fr.) Of the Beech-Ti(ee [Dial DU FEU Ft. feu, fey, fay (Fr. fay-ard), Lat, DETMAR J beech-tree] ; DETTMAR I (Flem,) = Dittmar, q.v. fag-US, [Fr. Lat. DULIEU \ (Fr-) Of the Place lieu, DEVERE '1 (Fr.) Of (the) Fishing-Place /oc-«i, a place] DU LIEU I DE VERE [see Vere in Diet.] DUMAS (Fr.) Of the Little Farm or DEVRIES 1 (Dut.) The Frieslander [Dut. EsTAT? [South. Fr. mas, L.Lat. mans-us; DEVRIESM^, the + Vries, Ffie^landpr, conn, with Lat. mansio, a station]

Frisian : see under Fraser in Diet.] DUMONT \{Ft.) O^ the Mount [Lat. DEWIT(T (Flem.) The White [Flem. de. - hill] \ DU MONT J mont-em, ace. of mons, a DE WIT(t; the ; iwiV, white] under DUPARC "I (Fr.) Or the Park [see DEWOLF l(Flem.) The Wolf [Flem. de, in Diet.] DU PARC J Park DE WOLF I' the + wolf] DUPONT 1 (Fr.) Of the Bridge [Lat. DIAZ (Span.) a contracted genit. of Diago a bridge] DU PONT J pont-em, ace. oipons, (Diego) = Jacob, q.v. in Diet.

DUPRAT -> DIETRICH (Ger.) People or Mighty Ruler DU PRAT (Fr.) Of the Meadow [Lat. [see under Theodoric in Diet.] DUPRE prat-um, a meadow] DU PRE C^^"") '^'™' fornis of Dietricjh, q.v. DIEZ I See Pratt and Pray in the Diet. —

321 Dupuis Finkler

DUPUIS 1 (Fr.) Of the Well or Pit [O.Fr. EPSTEIN (Ger.) Eppo's Stone (Castle) DU puis; puis (Ft. putts), Lat. pute-us] [O.H.Ger. stein]

DUPUY "1 (Fr.) Of the Height [South. Fr. ERDMANN (Ger.) Land-Worker [f. Ger.

DU PUY //>«>, a, height; Lat. podi-um, a erde, O.H.Ger. erda, earth, ground, soil -f- balcony, elevated platform] mann, man]

Le puy est, k proprement parler, la Some German writers on surnames

plate-forme a rebords qui caract6rise la say that this name is from Hartmann 1 cime des anciens volcans d'Auvergne. Larchey, p. 146. ERNST (Ger. and Dut.) Earnestness, Zeal [Ger. ernst, m., M.H.Ger. ernest, O.H.Ger. DURANTE (Ital.) Enduring [Ital. durante; emust = Dut. emsi\ f. durare, Lat. durare, to endure, last] The adj.ffr«rf, 'earnest,' is only Mod. Ger. DUVAL \ (Fr.) Of THE Valley [Lat. vall-is, DU VALJ a vale]

FABER (Ger.-Lat.) Smith; Carpenter [Lat. faber] (Ger.) Boar-Brave [see under EBERHARD(T Latinization of Ger. Schmidt and Everapd in Diet.] Zimraermann. EBERT (Ger.) a dim. of Eberhapd(t, q.v. FALK 1 (Ger.) Falcon, Hawk [Ger. falke, O.H.Ger. ECK(H)ART 1 (Ger.) Sword-Brave [O.H.Ger. FALKE ) /a/cAo] -1- ECJKERT J ecka, 'weapon-point, sword hart, hard, brave] FARGE (Fr.) Dweller by a Forge [Dial. Fr. The A.-Sax. Ecgh{e)ard. farge, a forge ; Lat. fabrica, a workshop]

EDELMANN (Ger.) Nobleman [O.H.Ger. FARGUES (Fr.) a S. French place-name = edili, noble -|- man{n] the Forges \l.Vxav^'a<^.faurgai^x. forge); L,sit. fabrica, a workshop]

EDELSTEIN (Ger.) Precious Stone ; Jewel [O.H.Ger. edili, noble + stein, stone] FARJEON (Fr.) = Farge (q.v.) with the dim. suff. -on [Lat. -i-on-em] EHRLICH (Ger.) Honourable [f. O.H.Ger. Sra, honour the adj. suff. -licK] -f FAUDEL (Fr.) Cattle-Stall, Sheep-Fold [North. Ft. f. the Cont. Teut. cogn. EHRMANN (Ger.) Honourable Man; faud, of O.E. faUp)d, a (sheep-J fold (ep. Dan.- Worthy [f.O.H. Ger.^-a, honour -|-»!aK(«] Norw. fold, a sheep-pen) -|- the Fr. dim. ELKAN (Heb.) an apocopated form of El- suff. -el\ kanah (Vulgate £/<7

God, or Whom God hath Redeemed FAVRE I faber^ [Heb. Elqdndh ; f. El, God, and qdndh, to possess, redeem] FAUST (Ger.-Lat.) Lucky, Auspicious [Lat. faust-us\ ENGEL (Ger.) i the first elem. of various Faust happens also to be the German compd. names (see following) : it is the word for ' fist.' sing; of the national name (O.E. Engle,

Angles or English : see England in Diet.) (Ger.) Fair Mount [Ger. [The etym. is an- O.Teut. word for FEIN BERG fein, f. Fr. Jin, fine -|- Ger. berg, hill] ' meadow,' ' grassland,' seen in O.N. eng, M.Dut. engh, and O.L.Ger. and O.H.Ger. FELDMAN(N (Ger.) Fibld-Man [O.H.Ger. angar (mod. Ger. anger), in which last the feld + man(n] -ar is really a pi. suff. correSp. to the -el (Span, and Ital.) see Fer- O.N. pi. -iar, -jar (engiar, meadows) : FERDINANDOl is the dim. suft.] FERNANDO J dinand in Diet. 2 Angel [see Angel in Diet.] FERNANDEZ (Span.) genit. of Fernando. and ENGELBERT 1 (Ger.) see EngeP, O.H.Ger. FINK (Ger.) Finch [O.H.Ger. fincho = Dan.- ENGELBRECHT f H- O.Sax. berht, Norw. finke'\ ' beraht, bright,' ' glorious,' &c. (Ger.) Bird-Catcher, Fowler [f. (Ger.) see Engel", and -|- FINKLER ENGELHARDT Fink] O.Teut. haft, hard, 'hard,' 'brave.'- 322 Fischer Herz

FISCHER (Ger.) FlSHERfman [f. Ger. fisch, GREL(L)IER (Fr.) Slender, Slim [f. Yr.griU,

O.H.Gex.fisc, fish ; with the agent, suff. -er\ O.Fr. graisle, Lat. gracil-is\

FLACH (Ger.) Flat, Plain, Level; Open GRUNBAUM (Ger.) Green Tree, Privet Field [O.H.Ger./aA(A] [O.H.Ger. gruoni, green -)- houm, tree] Often partly Anglicized as Greenbaum. FOURNIER (Fr.) Oven-Keeper; Parish- Baker [f. Yx.fourn-eau, oven ; Lat./Mr»-as] G RUN BERG (Ger.) Green Hill [O.H.Ger. gruoni + herg\ FREUND (Ger.) Friend ; Kinsman [O.H.Ger. Often partly Anglicized as Greenberg. friuni\ (Fr.) [f.(with FRIEDMANN (Ger.) Man of Peace [Ger. GUERRIER Warrior Fr. agent. suff. -ier) Fr. guerre, war ; O.H.Ger. wert, friede, O.H.Ger. fridu, peace -|- mann] defence, fortification (whence mod. Ger. wehrmann, warrior] FRITZ (Ger.) a dim. oiFriedrich = Frederick, q.v. in Diet. GUILLAUME : see under William in Diet. FUCHS (Ger.) Fox [O.H.Ger. vuhs\ GUNZBURG (Ger.) One from Gunzburg (S. Germany) = GOnz's or GuNz's Strong- hold [GUnz or Gum is a dim. f. one of

GASS "1 (Ger.) Street, Lane, Path [Ger. the O.Ger. Gund- names—O.H.Ger. gund, GASSE / gasse, O.H.Ger. gazza] war, battle—esp. Gundher + O.H.Ger. burg] GERHARD(T (Ger.) see Gerard in Diet.

GINSBERG I f„, „,. ^ ^ (Dut.) '^°'^ GCinzburg, q.v. HAAS Hare [Dut. haas] GINSBURG ) Cp. Hase. GIRARDIN \(Tr.) forms of Gerard (q.v. in HAH N (Ger!) Cock [O.H.Ger. Aa«oJ GIRARDOT J Diet.), with Fr. dim. suff. -in, -ot. HASE (Ger.) Hare [O.H.Ger. haso] GIRAUD (Fr.) form of q.v. in Gerald, Diet. Cp. Haas.

GLUCKSTEIN (Ger.) Lucky Stone [glucli, HEIN(E (Ger.) dim. of Heinrich, q.v. good luck, M.H.Ger. geliicke -\- stein, M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. stein, stone] HEINRICH (Ger.) see under Henry in Diet.

GOETHE dim. form of one or other 1 of the hIinZ^ (Ger.) genit. of Hein(e, q.v. GOTHE J Ger. Gott- names,';s,' more esp. I Gottfried, q.v. HELD (Ger.) Hero, Champion [M.H.Ger. GOLDBERG (Ger.) Gold Hill [O.H.Ger. helt, held = O.Sax. heWS] gold berg, hill] + HENDRIK (Dut. and Scand.) = Henry, q.v. GOLDSCHMIDT\(Ger.) Goldsmith [Ger. in Diet. GOLDSMID goldschmied ; O.H.Ger.goId i HENRI (Fr.) see Henry iu Diet. + smid (IM.H.Ger. smit] HENRIK (Scand. and Dut.) = Henry, q.v. in (Ger.) GOLDSTEIN Gold Stone [O.H.Ger. Diet. gold + stein] In Mod. Ger. goldstein denotes the HENRIKSEN (Scand.) Henrik's Son [Dan.- chrysolite. Norw. soM, son]

GOTTFRIED (Ger.) see Godfrey in Diet. HENRIQUES 1 (Span.) genit. of Henrique, HENRIQUEZ J more commonly Enrique = GOTTHARD (Ger.) see Goddard in Diet. Henry, q.v. in Diet.

GOTTSCHALK (Ger.) God's Servant HER(R)MAN(N (Ger.) Warrior, Soldier [O.H.Ger. Got (genit. Gates) + scale, [O.Gcr. Heriman(n, Hariman{n—O.H.Ger.

servant] and O.Sax. heri, hart, army -I- man{n]

GRAF (Ger.) Earl, Count [Ger. graf, HERTZ ] (Ger.) genit. of a dim. of one of the O.H.Ger. grdv{i)o; cogn. with O.E. GRAF HERZ J Ger. Hert- or Hart- compound a reeve] GRAFF gerdfa, names [O.H.Ger. herti, harti, hard, brave] — ; ; '

323 Hess Krohn

HESS 1 (Ger.) One from Hesse [f. the medi- KELLER \ (Ger.) Cellarer; Tavern-

HESSE I seval tribal name Hehii, the Roman KELLNER J Keeper; Butler [M.H.Ger. Chatti (for Hatti), with the Upper Ger- kellcere, kelnare; Lat. cellarius, store-

manic mutation of f to s through tlie keeper, cellarer] intermed. pron. ts; doubtless named In mod. Ger. kellerer = ' keeper of a from the head-covering (hat) affected ' cellar or tavern ; kellner = barman,' Fris. ' 0.(L.)Teut. halt, surviving in hat, ' tapster,' ' waiter '; kellermeister (lit. ' cellar- O.K. O.N. hdtt-r (earlier hatt-r), Dan.- hat, master ')'= 'butler.' Norw. Aa/,vallied to O.H.Ger. A«o< (mod.

hut) = O-E. hdd, a hood ; the Chatti or KERN (Ger.) Excellent, Choice [Gev.kem,

Hatti therefore being 'the Hatted or essence, marrow ; excellent, choice Hooded People'] O.H.Ger. kemo] KLEIN (Ger.) Little, Small; Neat, Nice see Hyman in the Diet. HYMAn'^'^ I [O.H.Ger. kleini, nice, neat, clean, pure = Dut. klein, small = Eng. clean] HIRSCH (Ger.) Hart, Stag [O.H.Ger. hiruz] Often Anglicized as Kline, HIRSCHBERG (Ger.) Hart-Hill [O.H.Ger. KLUGE (Ger.) Wise, Prudent, Clever hiruz + berg] [Ger. Mug, wise, etc. ; M.H.Ger. kluog, nice, wise, brave, etc. = Dut. HOFMANN (Ger.) Courtier; Farm-Bailiff kluoc, fine, kloek, brave, sagacious] [f. Ger. hof^ farm, manor, court, palace, O.Teut. (incl. O.E.) hof + manri] KOCH (Ger.) Cook [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. koch, earlier choh{h; Lat. coqu-us] HOPFNER (Ger.) Hop-Grower [f. Ger. KOENJG-i hfipfen, hop(a; Late O.H.Ger. hopjd\ (Ger.) King [O.H.Ger. kuning, KONIG i chuning = O.Sax. hining = Dut. HORST (Ger.) Shrubbery, Thicket koning] [O.H.Ger. hors(\ KOHLERwGer.) Charcoal-Borner ; Col- Cogn. with Hurst, q.v. in Diet. KOHLERJLIER [Ger. kohler; f. (with agent. suff. charcoal, coal O.H.Ger. HUGO (Ger.) = Hugh, q.v. in Diet. -e)r) kohle, ; kolo] KOHN (Heb.) a Ger. form of Cohen, q.v. in Diet. JAEGER"! (Ger.) Hunter ]JAM.(jex. jeger{e, O.H.Ger. •ya^^eW = Dut.}"a^er] JAGER ) KONRAD \(Ger.) Bold Counsel [O.Ger. KOHR^^H Kuonrdt—OM.Gex. kuoni (mod. (Scand.) or Johan's Son I JANSEN Jan's -|- = \ kiihn), bold, keen rdt . (mod. rat{h) = q.v. in Diet. [Dan.- JENSEN J Johnson, O.Sax. rad, counsel, advice] Norw. son, son] See Conrad in Diet. JOHANNESEN (Scand.) Johannes's Son 1 _ (Dut.) [Dut. JOHANSEN (Scand.) Johan's Son J KRAMER \ Mercer, Pedlar ' Johnson, q.v. in Diet. [Dan.-Norw.. jij«, K RAMMER J kramer] son] KRAMER (Ger.) Shopkeeper, Tradesman, (Ger.) Young [O.H.Ger. j««^] JUNG Haberdasher [f. (with agent, suff. -er) See Young in Diet. Ger. kram, retail "trade, shop, small wares M.H.Ger. kram = Dut. kraam, booth, stock, wares] Diet. KAHN (Heb.) a Ger. form of Cohen, q.v. in See Cramer in Diet. KRAUS (Ger.) Curly-Headed [Ger.kraus, Cssar [O.H.Ger. KRAUSE KAISER "I (Ger.) Emperor, crisp, curly ; M.H.Ger. krits = O.Sax. = Goth. KRAUSS KAYSER J fejjwr = Usur ai.Dut. inns (mod. Dut. kroes] kaisar; all f. Lat, Caesar] KRAUSSE

is the oldest German word 'Kaiser' KRIEGER (Ger.) Warrior, Soldier [f. (with borrowed from Latin. agent, suff. -er) Ger. krieg, war; M.H.Ger. Cp. Cayser in Diet. kriec, krieg; O.H.Ger. chreg, firmness, pertinacity] Trades- KAUFFMANN \ (Ger.) Merchant; (Ger.) Crown [f. Ger. krone, O.H.Ger. KAUFMANN man [Ger. kaufmann, O.H.Ger. KROHN J Lat. corona] koufman{n = Eng. chapman] cordna; ;;; +

324 Kruej^er Maas

KRUEGERi (Ger.) Publican [Ger. kruger; LEFEVRE (Fr.) The Smith [Fr. le, the + f^re (cp. Fr. or/ivre, goldsmith), Lat KRUGER J I- (with agent, suff. -er) Ger. faber, smith, carpenter] krug, jug, po't ; O.H.Ger. kruog'\

I (Fr.) or KUHN1 (Ger.) Bold, Keen [Ger. kuhn, LEGRAND The Big Tall [Ft. le, kuhnI O.H.Ger. kuoni] LE GRAND J the + grand, L?it.grand-is,-great, tall] KURTZ (Ger.) Short [Ger. kurz, O.H.Ger. \ LEGROS 1 (Fr.) The Big or StOut [Fr. le, KURZ kurz, Lat. curtus] J LE GR08) the; and see under Grose in See in Diet. Cupt Diet.]

LEHMANN 1 (Ger.) Vassal [Ger. lehnmann;

LALLEMAND (Fr.) The German [Fr. L', the LEHNMANN f f. leh{e)n, O.H.Ger. lehan, fee, fief, feudal tenure Lat. ille + allemand, German ; see under + mann, O.H.Ger. D'Allemagne] man{n\

LAM BEL (Fr.) a double dim. of Lambert, LEMAISTRE (Fr.) The Master [Fr. le, q.v. in Diet [Fr. dim. suff. -el, Lat. -ell-us] LE MAISTRE the + maitre, O.Fr. maistre, LEMATTRE master, proprietor, • director, LANDEAU 1 (Fr.) double dims, of Roland, LE MAtTRE governor ; Lat. magister'] LANDEL ..'q.v. in Diet. [Fr. dim. suft. -^aM, earlier -el, Lat. -ell-us\ LEMOINE |(Fr.) The Monk [Fr. 7e, the LE MOiNE Jmoine, monk; Lat. *moni-us; f. (Fr.) The Angel [Fr. £', the; Lat. LANGE Gr. niy-os, alone] ille + ange, angel : see Angel(l in Diet.

LEMPRIERE "I (Fr.) The Emperor (a nick- (Ger.) Long, Tall [f. O.Teut. /a«^, long] LEMPEREUR J name for an imperial servant) LANGLAIS"! (Fr.) The Englishman [Fr. Z,', [Fr. /', the + empereur, Lat. imperator\ LANGLOIS J the; Lat. ille + anglais, earlier LEON (Fr.) Lion [Lat. leon-em, aceus. of lea, anglois, English(man : see under Engel', lion ; whence Fr. //objm,' leonine] and + Fr. -ais -ois, Lat. ensis]

LIEBMAN(N 1 (Ger.) Beloved [Ger. LARCHER (Fr.) The Archer [Fr. L', the; Man and see Archer in Diet.] LIEPMAN(N l/ieJ, M.H.Ger. Hep. O.H.Ger. LIPMAN(N J Hob, dear, beloved + M.H.Ger. LARSEN (Scand.) LaRs' (Laurence's) Son O.H.Ger. man{n\

[see .Laurence in Diet. ; and + the LOEWE 1 (Ger.) Lion [Ger. lowe, M.H.Ger. Seand. fil. suff. -sen, Dan.-Norw. son = LOWE J lewe, louwe, O.H.Ger. lewo, louwo Swed. son'\ (= Put. le'euw), lion ; borrowed forms LEBAS 1 (Fr.) The Short [Fr. le, the ; Lat. which have more in common with Heb. Fr. short, low, shallow LE BAS ,1 ille + has, Ivi than Lat. Ie6\

L.Lat. bass-us; i. Celt. : ep. Wei. bas, low, flat, shallow = Ir. bas, 'any flat thing'] LOHER j(Ger.) Tanner, [Ger. loher; f. loh,

LOjHR J O.H.Ger. Id, tanning-bark + the (Fr.) [Fr. LEBLANC \ The White, Fair le, agent, suff. -er}

LE BLANC j the ; Lat. ille + Fr. blanc, white O.H.Ger. blancQi (Ger. blank} LOH MANN (Ger.) Barker; Tanner [Ger. loh, O.H.Ger. 16, tanning-bark -(- Ger. LEBRETON \ (Fr.) The Breton [Fr. le, the mann, O.H.Ger. man(nY LE BRETON J Lat. ille + breton, of Bretagne

or Brittany, Lat. Britannia (Minor) ; Cat. LUDWIG (Ger.) see under Lewie in Diet.

Britanni, Britons ; Gr. 'Rperravla, BperraviK'/i, LUTHER (Ger.) see Luther in Diet. Britain :—the stem is f. the pnm. form of Wei. brith = Ir. brit, motley, pied,

varicoloured, speckled ; Wei.. Brython = Corn. Brethon = Ir. Breat{h)n-ach (cp. also MAAS. Dweller by the R. Maas, the Fr. Ir. britach, stammering like a Briton),- Meuse, anc. Mosa [prob. a compound

Briton, Welshman ; cp. Wei. Brithwr name of which the second elem. = the {brith, Varicoloured, etc. + {g)wr, man), Fr. Oise ; f. the Gaul. cogn. of O.Ir. u{i)sce, Piet (the allusion, of course, is to the Mod. Ir. and Gael, uisge, Wei. wysg,

painting or tattooing practices of the water, a stream : the first elem. may andent Celts). The argumeht against represent the Gaul. mag-os'(= Wei. ma the connexion of brith with Brython is and Ir. and Gael, magh), a plain, in which fallacious.] case the name, meaning ' Plain of the 325 Martineau Petersen

River,' must have been transferred from MEUNIER (Fr.) Miller [O.Fr. meulnier the level country intersected by the (S.Fr. molinier), Lat. molinarius]

stream to the water itself : there is an

' Irish instance of the word for plain ' be- MEYER (Ger.) Steward, Bailiff; Farmer coming'a river-name—the River Maigue, [Ger. meier, O.H.Ger. meior; i. L.Lat. anc: Maigh; and we may compare major {domus), head servant ; Lat. major, Mallow, Cork, anc. Magh-Ealla, 'Plain maior, compar. of magnus, great] pf the River Alio'] MINDEL (Ger.) see Mendel, the commoner form. MARTINEAU (Fr.) = Martin (q.v. in Diet.) + the Fr. dim. suff. -eau, earlier -el [Lat. MOELLER 1 (Scand.) Miller [Dan.-Norw. -ell-us] MOLLER J . moller'] MARTINET (Fr.) = Martin (q.v. in Diet.) + [Ital. the Fr. dim. suff. -et. MONTEFIORI (It'al.) Flower-Hill

monte, hill, mountain ; Lat. mens, montis MARTINEZ (Span.) genit. of Mart/n or Mar- + fiori, ploijiore, flower; Lat. flos, Jloris] ti'no : see Martin in Diet. MUELLER 1 (Ger.) Miller [M.H.Ger. miil- MAX (Ger.) i an abbrev. of the Latin Maxi- Lat. MULLER I ner, O.H^Ger. mulindri; mus = Greatest [superl. of Lat. magnus, molinarius] great] [Fris. a monk] 2 an abbrev. of Maximilian, q.v. MUNTZ (Fris.) Monk miints,

(Ger.) Minter, Coiner [f. Ger. MAXIMILIAN (Ger.) an arbitrary compd. of MUNZER the Latin Maximus and iEmilianus [see munze, coin, money; Lat. moneta]

under Max' : the Lat. Mmilianus is f. Mmilius, Mmylius; f. Lat. eemulus, egiulous, vying with, or its Gr. cognate NAUMANN (Ger.) a form of Neumann, q.v.

al/iiXos, flattering, winning : see Emelin in Diet.] NEUBAUER 1 (Ger.) New Peasant NEUGEBAUER [O.H.Ger. niuwi, new -|- The Kaiser Maximilian related that his J gCjbAro, peasant, husbandman] father so named him out of admiration for the two great Romans Fabius Maxi- NEUMANN (Ger.) New Man [O.H.Ger. mus and Scipio .zEmilianus. O.Sax. niuwi, new -|- mann]

MENDEL (Ger.) app., with non-Sem. dim. NIEBUHR (Ger.) a Low Ger. form of Neu- suff. -ei, f. the Chaldee min'da', 'know- bauer, q.v. ledge,' 'wisdom,' 'intelligence.' Mindel is the better form. NUSSBAUM (Ger.) Nut-Tree; Walnut-

Tree [O.H.Ger. nuz, nut -I- bourn, tree] MENDELSSOHN (Ger.) Mendel's Son [see Mendel, and -|- Ger. sohn, son]

OHLSEN 1 (Scand.) Ole's i.e. Olaf's Son MENDES 1 (Span.) the genit. of Mend: see OLSEN J [see under OlifT in Diet. : Dan.- MENDEZ I under Mend-el. Norw. son, son]

(Span.) app. f. the fem., mendosa, MENDOZA OPPENHEIM (Ger.) Bel. to Oppenheira (nr. mendacious.' of Span. ffi^Mdrfjo,' the Rhine) = Oppo's Home [O.H.Ger.

heim, home, residence : the O.Ger. pers. MENIER (Fr.) i Miner [South. Fr. minier name Oppo, genit. 'Oppen-, is doubtless f. (Fr. mineur) ; of Celt. orig. : cp. Gael, mein, the stem of O.Sax. (or au allied dial.) Ir. mdin, Wei. mwyn, ore, a mine] opan, open, frank, candid] 2 a form of Meunier, q.v. = Oppenheim, q.v. the 3 a descendant of the O.Teut. Meginher OPPENHEIMER + = Powerful Army [O.Sax. O.H.Ger. agent, suff'. -er. megin, main, power, strength -|- heri, army] PEDERSEN (Scand.) Peder's i.e. Peter's METZGER (Ger.) Butcher [M.H.Ger.. Son [see Peter in Diet. : Dano-Norw. metzjer ; L.Lat. matiarius] son, son] [Rhen. Ger. METZLER (Ger.) Butcher PELLETIER (Fr.) Furrier [f. ^r.peau, earlier metzler; ult. f. Lat. macellarius, provisioh- pel, skin, fur; Lat.^W/w] dealer—ffiace//«»j, provision or meat market] PETERSEN : see Pedensen. 326 Petit Schaffer

PETIT (Fr.) Little [see Petit(t, Petty, in RITTER (Ger.) Knight; Cavalier [M.H.Ger.

Diet.] ritter; f. Flem. : cp. M.Dut. ridder\ PHILIPPE (Fr.),the French form of Philip, RIVIERE (Fr.) River [see under Rivers in q.v. ill Diet. Diet.]

PICOT (Fr.) see Picket in Diet: RODRIGUEZ. (Span.) genit. oi Rodrigo, i.e. Roderick, q.v. in Diet. PINTO (Portug.) Chick, Chickling [Portug.

pinto, pintao] ROSENBAUM (Ger.) Rose-Tree ; Rhodo- dendron [Ger. rose, pi. and adj. form POHL (Ger.) Pool [L.Ger. pohl = Dut. poel = rosen, i. Lat. rosa, rose -j- Ger.- baum, • (High) Ger. ^/«A0 O.H.Ger. 6fl«»», tree] POHLMANN (Ger.) Pool-Man [see Pohl] ROSENBERG (Ger.) Rose-Hill [see under Eng. Poolman. Rosenbaum, and + Ger. berg, O.H.Ger. berg, hill, mountain] POIRIER (Fr.) Pear-Tree [f. Fr. poire, Lat. pir-um, a pear] ROSENBLOHM (Ger.) Rose-Blossom [see under Rosenbaum, and a L.Ger. form, POLLACK (Ger.) Polander [see Polaok in + (Dut. Fris. of Ger. Diet.] blohm bloem, blom), High blume, O.H.Ger. bluoma, flower, blossom] POSENERl (Ger.) Bel., to Posen [the Ger. POSNER •] equiv. of. the Polish Posnanski: ROSEN FELD (Ger.) Rose-Field [see under Posen is the Ger. form ot the Polish Rosenbaum, and -|- Ger. O.HiGer. feld, Posnan or Pozndn: -er, Teut. agent, suff.] field] (Ger.) Rose-Enclosure [see POUPARD'l (Fr.) Child, Youngster [Fr. ROSENHEIM under Rosenbaum, and + Ger. O.H.Ger. , POUPART fpoupard; f. Lat. pip-us, a child, lieim, home, enclosure] with the Fr. dim. suff. -ard, -art, O.Teut. hard, hard, hart, firm, &c.] ROSENI^RANZ (Ger.) Rose-Garland ; PRAGER (Ger.) Bel. to Prague [Ger. Prag, • Rosary [see under Rosenbaum, and + Czech Praha = the Threshold] Ger. O.H.Ger. kram, garland, wreath]

PRALL (Ger.) Chubby [Ger. prall, chubby, ROSENTHAL (Ger.) Rose-Valley [see under stuffed out, tight] Rosenbaum, and + Ger. thai, O.H.Ger. tal, valley, dale] PREVOST (Fr.) Provost [O.Fr. prevost (Fr. ROTH (Ger.) Red, Ruddy [Ger. roth, O.H.Ger. privot) ; Lat. praeposit-us, commander, rdl] prefect] ROTHSCHILD (Ger.) Red Shield (sign-name) [see under Roth, and + Ger. schild, (Ital.) a f. the RALLI patronymic Jjers. name O.H.Ger. scilt, shield, escutcheon] RalU, equiv. to the Fr. Raoul: see Ralf in Diet. ROUGEMONT (Fr.) Red Mount [Fr. rouge, L.Lat. rubjus, Lat. rubeus, red + Fr. mont, REICH (Ger.) Rich; Mighty [M.H.Ger. riche, Lat. mons, montis, hill] O.H.Ger. rihhi] Eng. Rieh. ROYER (Fr.) Wheelwright [Dial. Fr. royer, L.Lat. rotari-us; f. Lat. rota, a wheel] REINHARDT (Ger.) Mightily Firm or Brave [see Renard in Diet:] RUBENSTEIN 1 (Ger.) Ruby-Stone (Ger.- RUBINSTEIN /Jewish nickname) [Ger. RENAUD 1 ^^^ these Fr.-Teut. names in the rubitt, L.Lat. rubin-us, a ruby ; Lat. RPNfli II T ( RENAUT (Diet.; and Reynold, Reginald. rube-US, red -|- Ger. O.H.Ger. iteiB, a stone]

REY (Fr.) King [see Rey' in Diet.] SACHS (Ger.) Saxon [see Sax(e in Diet.] RICARD (Fr.) Powerfully Brave [see SAX j Ricard, Richard, in Diet.] SAUER (Ger.) Sour Morose [M.H.Ger. RICARDO (Span; and Portug.) form .of O.H.Ger. jdr] Ricard, Richard, q.v. in Diet. SCHAEFER SCHAEFFER (Ger.) Shepherd [Ger. schdfer;- RICHTER (Ger.) Judge; Magistrate [f. f. (with SCHAFER agent, suff. -er) schaf, richten, M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. rihten, to M.H.Ger. sch&f, O.H.Ger. scAf, adjust, settle] SCHAFFER a sheep] 327 Schenk Speyer

SCHENK (Ger.) Wine and Spirit Retailer (Ger.) Swan [Ger. ; SCHWANN schwan, Cupbearer [M.H.Ger. schenke, O.H.Ger. M.H.Get O.H.Ger. swan] scenko] SCHWARTZ \ (Ger.) Black [Ger. schwarz SCHILLER (Ger.) Squinter [for Ger, schieler, SCHWARZ J (z as te), M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. squinting person; f. schel, M.H.Ger. swarz] schel(ch, O.H.Ger. awry, squint- scelah, Eng. Swart. eyed] Many admirers of the German poet, SCHWEITZER (Ger.) Switzer, Swiss j however, prefer to connect his name with SCHWEIZER y [Ger. Schweizer (z as te) : see Ger. Schiller, ' colour-play,' ' iridescence.' Switzer in Diet.]

SCHLESINGER (Ger.) Bel. to Schleus- SELIGMAN(N (Ger.) Blessed or Happy INGEN (Thuringia) \^itigen, dat. pi. of the Man [Ger. selig, O.H.Ger. sdlig, happy, 'son' suff. -ing\ blessed] Eng. SMIiman. SCHLOSS (Ger.) Castle [M.H.Ger. sloz

(z as ss), castle, lock, bar ; f. M.H.Ger. SIEBERT 1 (Ger.) Victory-Glorious sliezen, O.H.Ger. sliozan (mod. Ger. SIGEBERT I [M.H.Ger. sige (mod. sieg), schliessen), to lasten, lock] O.H.Ger. sigi, victory + M.H.Ger. ber{h)t, SCHLOSSER (Ger.) Locksmith [etym. as O.H.Ger. beraht, bright, glorious]

under Schloss ; Ger. agent, suff. -er\ Eng. Sebright'.

(Ger.) Smith [Ger. schmied (Low SCHMIDT \ SIEGMUND 1 (Ger.) Victorious Protec- SCHMITT/Ger. ««iY;, MJH.Ger. smid, smit, SIGMUND J HON or Protector [Ger. sieg, O.H.Ger. smid, smith] M.H.Ger. sige, O.H.Ger. sigi, victory -|-

• Ger. mund, M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. munt, SCHNEIDER (Ger.) Tailor, Cutter [f. Ger. hand, protection, &c.] schneiden, M.H.Ger. sniden, O.H.Ger. snidan, to cut] SIEMENS (Ger.) for Siegmunds, genit. of SCHRODER Slegmund, q.v. SCHROEDER (Ger.) Cutter .[f. Ger. M.H.Ger. SCHROETER schroten, schrdten, SILBERMANN (Ger.) Silver-Man (Ger.- O.H.Ger. to cut] SCHROTER scrotan, Jewisb nick- or trade-name) [M.H.Ger. silber, O.H.Ger. silbar, silver -f- manifi] SCHULTZ (Ger,) Magistrate, Bailiff, SCHULZ Mayor [Ger. schulze, f. M.H.Ger. SILBERSTEIN (Ger.) Silver-Stone (Ger.- SCHULZE schultheize (mod. Ger. sehultheiss), Jewish nick- or trade-name) [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. scultheiso (= A.-Sax. scyldkasta] silber, O.H.Ger. siWar, silver -|- M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. jtei«, stone] SCHUMACHER (Ger.) Shoemaker [Ger. schuh, M.H.Ger, schuoch, O.H.Ger. scuoh, SILVERBERG (Ger.) Silver-Hill [Silver- shoe -f- Ger. macher, f. machen, M.H.Ger. repr. the Low Ger. form, silwr, sulwr macheit, O.H.Ger. mahhSn, to make] (w as v), of M.H.Ger. silber, O.H.Ger. silbar, silver + berg (M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. (Ger.) Shoemaker [see under SCHUMANN berg), hill] Schumacher; and -|- mann, man] SOHN (Ger.) Son [Ger. sohn, M.H.Grer. sun, (Ger.) [M.H.Ger. SCHUSTER Shoemaker O.H.Ger. sun{u'\ schuoch-, schuoh-sAtare; Lat. sutor, cobbler] SONNENSCHEIN (Ger.) Sunshine (nick- SCHUTZ (Ger.) Archer; Ranger [Ger. name) [f. Ger. Sonne, M.H.Ger. sunne, schUtz{e, (mod.) marksman, rifleman, O.H.Ger. sunna, sun -|- Ger. schein, m., archer, &c.; M.H.Ger. schiitze; O.H.Ger. M.H.Ger. schin, O.H.Ger. scin, sliine] scuzzo] (Ger.) Sparrow [Ger. Sperling, SCHWAB 1 (Ger.) Swabian [Ger. Schwdbe, SPERLING {. M.H.Ger. spar, O.H.Ger. sparo, sparrow SCHWABE J M.H.Ger. Swdbe ; O..E. Swdsfe + the (double) dim. suff. -ling} (pi.) ; Lat.-Teut. national name Suebi, Suevi. The Suebi or Suevi were prob. the 'Swoopers'; f. the prehist. form of SPEYER (Ger.) Bel. to Speyer or Spires O.H.Ger. sweifan (mod. schweifen) — O.E. (Bavaria), the 8th-cent. Spiraha [O.H.Ger. sivdpan, to sweep, swoop, rush, brandish aha, a stream : the first elem. evid. repr. with O.H.Ger. the O.H.Ger. form of Ger. spier, 'fine (a sword) ; prim. conn, sweihdn, mod. schweben, to hover] blade of grass'; cog;n. with O.E. sp(r, ; ' —

328 Spiegel Voigt

spike, stalk, 'tapering shoot (of reed),' TAILLEFER (Fr.) Cut Iron (nickname) [see and Dan.-Norw. spire; sprout, sprig] Talfer in Diet.] The stream, at whose confluence with THIBAUD tlie Rhine Speyer is situated, is now THIBAULT called Speyerbach [Ger. bach, rivulet] THIBAUT (Fr.) People-Rold [see THIEBAUD Theobald in Diet.] SPIEGEL l(Ger.) Mirror (nick- or trade- THIEBAULT SPIEGL [name) [Ger. Spiegel, M.H.Ger. THIEBAUT

Spiegel, O.H.Ger. spiagal; ult. f. Lat. specul-um, a mirror] THIERRY (Fr.) People or Mighty Ruler [see Terry and Theodoric in Diet.] SPIELER (Ger.) Player, Actor, Performer [Ger. spieler; f. spielen, O.H.Ger. spilon, to play] Eng. Spiller. UHRMACHER (Ger.) Watch or Clock Maker [Ger. uhr, clock, watch ; earlier SPIELMANN (Ger.) Musician; Minstrel Ar, Lat. hora, hour -|- Ger. macher, f. [Ger. f. spielihann ; spielen, as under machen, O.H.Ger. mahhdn, to make] Spieler] Eng. Splllman. ULLMAN(N (Ger.) Allodial Man, i.e. Owner [an assim. form of O.Ger. Uodalmanin— SPIESS (Ger.) Spear, Lance [Ger. spiess, uodal = O.Sax. gSil = O.N. («Sa/ (Dan,- M.H.Ger. spiez, O.H.Ger. spioz] Norw. odel), ancestral property, patri- mony, family estate, -|- SPIRO 1(Gr.) app. ,a contr. of the Greek &c. O.Ger. man{n = O.N. maiS-r (with lost «(«) : cp. O.N. SPYRO ) pers. (nick-) name Spyridon allodial (Sirvpldwv), a dim. form (Gr. cnrvpiSiov) of SSalma'S-r, owner] Gr. (Tirvpls, 'a round basket,' ' fish-basket.'

The patronymic . form Spirop{o)ulo also occurs in England [Mod. Gr. iroi3\os, Anc. VANBRUGH (Flem. and Dut.) Of the Bridge Gr. irfflXos, a young man, son] [contr. of Van de Brug van de (fem.), of the hrug, bridge] STAHL (Ger.) Steel [M.H.Ger. stahel, -I- O.H.Ger. stahal, stdl] VANDERBILT (Dut!) Of the Heap or Mound [Dut. man, of -f der, fem. genit. of de, the STEIN (Ger.) Stone, Rock [O.H.Ger. steiri] -|- belt, a heap, mound] STEIN BACH (Ger.) Stony or Rocky Brook VANDERVELD(E (Dut.) Or the Field [see [see Stein and Bach] under Vanderbilt, and + Dut. veld, field] STEINBERG (Ger.) Stony or Rocky Hill [see Stein and Berg] VANDYCK (Flem. and Dut.) Of the Dike VAN DYCK [contr. of Van den Dyck or Dijk STEINER (Ger.) i Dweller by a Rock VANDYKE (masc] [= Stein (q.v.) -|- the agent, suff. -er]

2 Stone, i.e. Hard or Stuong War- VAN G ELDER (Dut.) Of GELDER(land [Dut. rior [O.Ger. Steinher, Steinhar: see Stein, van, of]

and -I- O.H.Ger. O.Sax. heri, hari, army VERNIER (Fr.) see Verrier in Diet. in pers. noraencl. short for heriman[n;

hariman{n\ VIEHWEG 1 (Ger.) Cattle Way or Run [Ger. STEINHARDT (Ger.) Stone or Rock Hard VIEWEG ]vieh, M.H.Ger. vihe, O.H.Ger. cattle -(- [see Stein, and -|- O.H.Ger. hart(i = Jihu, fehu, Ger. weg, M.H.Ger. O.L.Ger. hard, hard, strong] O.H.Ger. wee = O.Sax. weg, way, road, &c.J

STEINMETZ (Ger.) Stonemason [M.H.Ger. VOGEU (Ger.) Fowl, Bird [M.H.Ger. vogel, steinmetze, O.H.Ger. steinmeszd] O.H.Ger. fogal'= Dut. vogel]

STERN (Ger.) Star [M.H.Ger. sterne, VOGLER (Ger.) Fowler, Birdcatcher O.H.Ger. sterno\ [= Vogel (q.v.) + the agent, suff. -er] STRAUSS (Ger.) Crest, Tuft (nickname) (Ger.) Bailiff; [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. str&z, also denoting VOGT Overseer; Warden Steward; Constable [M.H.Ger. vog{e)t, ' ostrich '] O.H.Ger. fogat; L.Lat. vocat-us; Lat. (Ger.) * STURM Storm [O.HIier. sturm'\ advocat-us] Eng, Storm. VOIGT, a var. of Vogt. ;

329 Volkart Zimmerman (n

VOLKART \ (Ger.) the High Ger. form of the WEINSTEIN (Ger.) Vine-Rock [see under VOLKERT; A.-Fr. Folkard = People-Brave Weinberg, and -|- Ger. O.H.Ger. stein, [Ger. voli, M.H.Ger. volk, vole, O.H.Ger. stone, rock] folc, folk, nation + Ger. O.H.Ger. hart, (Ger.) [Ger. hard, brave : see further under Foulkes WEISS White weiss, M.H.Ger. in Diet.] O.H.Ger. wlz, oMer hwr'z]

WEISSMAN(N (Ger.) White or Fair VOLLMAR \ (Ger.) for earlier Volkmar = Man [see and -|- Ger. VOLLMER J People -Famous [see under Weiss, mann, O.H.Ger. Volkart, and + M.H.Ger. mtEre, O.H.Ger. 'man{n] O.L.Ger. mdri, famous, illustrious] WERNER .\(Ger.) True or Trusty Army WERNHER; [see Warner' in Diet.] VOOGHT (Dut.) Guardian [Dut. voogd: cp. Vogt] WINKLER (Ger.) Dweller in the Corner VOSS (Dut.) Fox [Dut. vos = Low Ger. fos or Nook [f. Ger. winkel, M.H.Ger. winkel, = High Ger. fuclis, O.H.Ger. vuhs] O.H.Ger. winkil, corner, &c. -)- the agent. suff. -CT-]

WIRTH (Ger.) Landlord ; Tavern- or Res- WAGNER (Ger.) Wagoner; (mod.) Cart- taurant-Keeper [M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. wright [M.H.Ger. wagener, O.H.Ger. wiri\ wagandri] WOHLGEMUTH (Ger.) Joyous, Gay [Ger.

WEBER (Ger.) Weaver [M.H.Ger. weber; . wohl, M.H.Ger. wol, O.H.Ger. wola, well f. M.H.Ger. weben, O.H.Ger. weban, to -t- Ger. gemut(h, disposition, spirit, mood weave] M.H.Ger. gemuot, O.H.Ger. gimuoti] WEIGAND\(Ger.) Warrior, Hero [Ger. "^°'-'^ OH.Ger. wolf] VJEXGkHJ ] weigand, M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. WOOLF } e^^""-^ t^^"'- wigaiit : cp. Wigan^ in Diet.] WOLFGANG (Ger.) Wolf-Going (prob. orig. WEIL (Ger.) ViLL (local name) [O.H.Ger. a nickname for a wolf-tracker) [Ger. ^wila, f. Lat. villa (Fr. ville\ O.H.Ger. wolf + Ger. O.H.Ger. gang, going] WEILER (Ger.) Bel. to Weiler = the Village, Hamlet [Ger. weiler, M.H.Ger. \wller, O.H.Ger. wildri; L.Lat. villari-us': see YGLESIAS (Span.) Churches (Dweller by Villiers in Diet.] the) [pi. of Span, iglesia, L.Lat. ecclesia,

church ; Gr. iKK\ti

•win, f. Lat. vin-um, wine -f- Ger. M.H.Ger. O.H.Ger. berg, hill] ZIEGLER (Ger.) Brickmaker, Tiler [Ger., ziegler; f. ziegel, O.H.Ger, ziagal (f. Lat. WEINGARTEN (Ger.) Vineyard [see under tegula), brick, tile -\- the agent, suff. -er]

Weinberg, and -f- Ger. garten, M.H.Ger. garte, O.H.Ger. garto, garden] ZIMMERMAN(N (Ger.) Carpenter £f. Ger. zimmer, room, timber, timber-building; WEINGARTNER (Ger.) Vine-Dresser [see M.H.Ger. zimber, O.H.Ger. zimbar + Weingarten, and + the agent, suff. -er] Ger. mann, O.H.Ge*. man{n, man] — — —

330 Aglionby Cantilupe

AMENDMENTS AND ADDITIONS.

[This short Itsl, embodying the two bHef lists of Addenda and Corrigenda already published,^ is partly anticipatory of the Supplement which is in preparation.']

AGLIONBY (Fr.-Lat. + Scand.) Bel. to Ag- BOTT (Eng.) The A.-Sax. Bota, Botta, Bote lionby (Cumb.), 14th cent. Agillonby, 13th are f. O.E. bdt — O.Sax. bdta, 'compensa- cent. Aglounbi, Aglunby = Aguillon's tion,' ' atonement,' ' remedy.' Estate [the pers. name is a nickname 1. BRETTARGH [the second element prob. O.Fr. aguillon (mod. Fr. aiguillon), a goad, represents tlie O.N. horg-r = O.N.E.Aaf^, spur, a dim. of aguille (tnod. aiguille), a a heathen temple, aItar,-or cairn] needle ; f. Lat. acule-us, dim. ol ac-iis, a needle + O.N. by-r, farmstead, estate] BRITTAIN BRITTAN (Celt.) for the etymology see under Le Breton in the Appen- ALLAN 1 (Celt.) Tlie Wei. Alun and Bret. BRITTEN dix of Foreign Name's. ALLEN J Alan or Alain are doubtless cogn. BRITTON with Gael, alainn = Ir. dluin{n, dlain{n,

O.lv. alaind, 'bright,' 'fair,' ' handsome.' BUTTARl [The first element in these butter; pers. namesmay also be O.E. ALLMAN (A.-Fr.-Lat.-Teut.) a more likely b6t = O.Sax. bota, compensa- etymology is given under D'Allemagne BUTTERICK 2 tion, atonement, remedy] in the Appendix of Foreign Names.

(Teut.) [the first element ALMARIC(H Amal- CALDER (Celt.) Stony. Water [Celt, cal, is doubtless, with dim. suff. -/, f. O.Teut. stone (seen in Wei. calen, whetstone, am{m)a (cp. O.H.Ger. and O.N. amma, caled = Ir. caladh, hard, stony, caletir-^ Mod. Gar. amme, foster-mother] , or stony Ir. tir; ground— hard ground ; and Gael.rfacA iorcal-ach—stone) ; cogn. ANT(H)ONY (A.-Lat.-Gr.) see the etymology with Lat. calx, stone, and therefore with under Anton in the Appendix of Foreign - Wei, Names. Eng. chalk + the early form of dw{f)r, Bret, dour, Ir.. and Gael, dobhar, Gaul, dubr-, water] ARDERN "1 (Eng.) The Cheshire bearers of to In Scottish mediaeval charters the name ARDERNE J this name seem have been 'de Ardene' (see Arden) in the 14th cent. occurs as Caldour, Kaledour, Caledofre,

Caldovere, &c. . Sir John de Ardene. Chesh. Chmbrlns.' Accts, A.D. 1342-3, Cp. Colne. A.D. 1353-4. CAMPBELL*(Celt.) is prob. the same name as the Gaul. Cambaulis (KojU;8ai)\is) men- BIRKMYRE (Scand.) Dweller at the Birch- tioned by Pausanias. Moor [O.N. biork, birch - tree -|- m$r-r, moor] CANTILUPE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) Bel. to Canteloup (Normandy). The name denotes a locality where wolves were commonly heard BOOT (Eng.) The A.-Sax. Bota, Bote, Botta [f. ' "singing," i.e.howhng O.Fr.and North. , are f. O.E. bdt = O.Sax. b6ta, compensa- Fr. (Fr. Lat. to tion,' 'atonement,' 'remedy.' canter chanter), cantare, sing -f- Fr. loup, Lat. lup-us, a wolf] BOSCAWEN (Celt.) Dweller at the Residence This is one of a series of similarly by the Elder-Tree [Corn. bo{s, bod — formed French place-names—C(h)ante-

Wei. bod, a dwelling -f- the Corn. cogn. merle [Fr. merle, blackbird], C(h)ante- of Wei. ysgawen, elder-tree] perdrix [Fr. perdrix, partridge], Sue, &c. There are villages called Canteloup in BOSTON (Eng.) The A.-Sax. pers. name the Manche and Calvados Depts., and Botwiilf here involved is f. O.E. bdt (see others called Chanteloup in the Eiire,

Bott below) -I- wulf. Manche, and other French Depts. — :

331 Cardell Geddes

(Celt.) CARDELL A •deKardiir was mayor CURNEW "I 2 One from (a) Cornwall (CoRN- of Newcastle c. a.d. 1200 [earlier forms CURNOW J ISHMAN) [Corn. Cernow, Kernow desirable are ; but the probabilities point (Wei. Cernyw), Cornwall] to Wei. caer, a fortified place a pers. + (6) Kerneo, KerneC (Fr. Cornouaille), name, perh. Digol^Wel digoll, perfect Brittany [cp. Bret, kerneu, pi. of korn, a there is a Caer Digol in Montgomeryshire] horn] CARLI(S)LE. The .Roman Luguvallum prob. means 'Bright or Shining Wall' [f. the DARWEN (Celt.) earlier Derwent (river-name) early form of Wei. Hug, bright, &c. (cp. = the White or Clear Water [f. the Lyons^) + Lat. vall-um [uall-um), a wall] early form of Wei. dwr ( = Bret, dour = Gaul, dubr-, vyater; -|- the early form of GAUNTER (A.-Fr.) chiefly a var. of Canter-, q.v. Wei. g)wyti (m.), g)wen (f.) (final -t or -d lost), white, clear: the vowel-change in CHALFONT. The Bucks Chalfont is doubtless the first elem. is due to the influence of the Ceadeks funta ('Ceadel's Fount') re- the -e- in the second elem.] ferred to in the endorsement of a loth- cent. Bucks charter ('Cart. Sax.' no. 883) [the pers. name Ceadel is the A.-Sax. ECCLES (Eng.) the genit. of the A.-Sax. pers. Ceadia (see Chad) with the dim. suff. -et\ name Ecci, Ecca, JEcce or Mcci, with dim. suff. -I [prob. f. a var. of O.E. ecg, CHARNLEY "I (Eng.) a more likely etym. is edge, point, sword; cogn. with O.H.Ger. O.E. 'rough' [conn. CHARNOCK ) ge)cymod, echi (mod. ecke) = O.N. egg, edge, &c.] with the stem of O.E. cyrnel, a grain] ECCLESTON 2 the genit, of the A.-Sax. pers. CHART. name noted under Eccles + O.E. tun, A rough common overrun with gorse, ' farmstead,' &c. broom, bracken, &c. Diet. Kent. Dial, p. 28. FARADAY (Celt.) the O.Ir. Feradach (as in the COLNE 1 (Celt.) Stony River [Celt, cat, 'Life of- St. Columba,' I. xii.) = Illus- CALNE I stone (see under Calder above): trious Man [O.Ir. fer (mod. fear), man the n in the name is a relic of the common H- ad, illustrious -|- the intens. suff. -acK\ Celt, word for 'river'—Wei. afon, O.Wel. avon, Lat.-Celt. Abona; Gael, dbhuinn, FIREBRACE (A.-Fr.-Lat.) theO.Fr. Fierebrace, Ir. abhainn (pron. owen), O.Ir. abami\ Fierebrache, Ferebrace, Ferebraz, Ferbras, etc. = Stout or Fierce Arm [O.Fr. fier, CONAN (Celt.) Sense, Wisdom [Gael, and fer, stout, bold, fierce, cruel (Mod. Fr. Ir. con{n, sense, &c. + the dim. suff. -dti] ^«r, proud) ; Lat. fer-us, wild, rough, sav- COUCH (Celt.) a Cornish form of Cooch age -|- O.Fr. brace, brache, L.Lat. brachia, [Wei. coch, red] Lat. brachium, an arm (Mod. Fr. bras (earlier also braz), an arm, is f. brachium; (Scand.) I have been COWPERTHWAITE while brachia, pi. of brachium, has given informed by a distant relative tjearing Fr. brasse, a fathom : cp. Mod. Fr. fier-A- it is the of a this surname that name bras, a bully] small place in Westmorland. Cp. Fairbrass; but the detailed evi- CRUNDALL) (Celt.) is the O.E. crundel, a dence collected by Mr. C. W. Firebrace A.-Sax. land- apparently shows that Fairbrass and CRUNDELL ) frequent word in charters, whose origin has been much Farbrace are really of the same origin as discussed in the past. Since this name Firebrac*. was dealt with in the present Diet, the writer has pointed out, in a short paper read before the Philological Society (an GARVIN (A.-Fr.-Teut.) the Fr.-Teut, form of incorrect summary of which was unfor- the A.-Sax. Gdrwine = Spear-Friend tunately sent to 'The Athenaeum'), that the [O.Sax. O.H.Ger. gir = O.N. geir-r = A.-Sax. crundel is f. the early form of O.E. gdr, a spear + O.Sax. O.H.Ger. Wei. cronell 'a round object,' .f. cron, wi^i = O.N. vin-r = O.E. wine, a friend] crwn, 'round,' 'circular' = Gael, and Ir. West, of Enniskillen, cruinn, O.Ir. cruind, 'round'; and denoted GEDDES. Mr. W. tells that a (round) Tumulus or Barrow or (stone) formerly of Nairn, me there is name in Nairnshire; but 'Circle (a st^n crundel is mentioned an estate of this be from tlie pers. in one A.-Sax. charter) [conn, with the local name may E. crown] name. : " ;

332 Qeikie 5trawson

GEIKIE (Teut.) a dim. form of Geck(e, q.v. ITHELL is prob. not pure Celtic but a [Scot. dim. sufF. -ie] borrowing of 0;E. eeTpel, ' noble,' ' famous,' which survives today, uncompounded, in

GILLMORE may also be f. the Gael, gille, ' the fem. name Ethel ' only. 'lad,' 'servant' + mdr, 'big,' 'great.'

GRAY 2 Bel. to Graye, Calvados (Norm.), LALLIE, a' double dim, of Laurence, q.v. A.D. 1086 Graeium, 1203 Grae [app. Bret. [E. dim. suff. -i«] grae, a sand-flat]

GUELPH : see under Whelp in Diet. MANCHESTER (Gelt. -|- Lat.) the A.-Sax. Mame ceaster [O.E. ceaster, a fortified place, town, usually of Roman orig. HALE (Eng.) when the meaning is 'Slope' Lat. castra, a camp ], Lat.-Celt. Mancunio, the etym. is O.E. h(e)al(d = O.N. hall-r Mancunium. [The Roman forms (as in = O.H.Ger. halda, mod. Ger. halde. the case of London^ postulate a pers. HALGH (Eng.) the meaning -'Slope' shoiild name with the possess, or domanial suff. here be deleted. -ium, -ion. Mancun-os prob. means 'Little or Petty Chief,' from forms represented HANWELL (Eng.) Bel. to Hanwell (M'sex in Welsh by mAn, little, petty, and cun, Domesday Hanewelle; Oxon : 13th cent. leader, chief, lord] Hanewell) = the Cock-Spring (spring frequented by the woodcock) [O.E. hana MISTERTON. The Notts place, although Misterton in (= Ger. hahn, O.H.Ger. hano) -f- w(i)ell{a, the 13th cent., in Domesday- a spring, well] Book is Ministretone = the Minster- Analogy, in this country and on the Town [O.E. mynstir, Lat. monasterium, a Continent, shows that the very rare pers. monastery, church]. The Leicestershire Misterton name Hana is not in question here. The occurs as Minsterton in the

• 14th cent. . oblique form 'on hanan welle,' 'to the cock-spring,' occurs twice in a Wiltshire charter A.D. 901 (' Cart. Sax.' no. 588), RIBBLE. The form iJiife? occurs in an A.-Sax6n (Celt.) see HARE O'Hare. will c. A.D. 1000, as the writer himself pointed out in-1898. We may compare HORDERN (Eng.) It is perhaps tempting the Breton ribl, ' i^iverbank,' ' waterside.' to see in this name the O.E. hordern, ' treasury,' ' storehouse '; but the proba- bilities are all against the theory; and the two places called Hordern are in the SPARE (Eng.) Sparing, Frugal, Thrifty same North-Mercian region where the [O.E. sptzr = O.N. spatr = O.H.Ger.spar] O.E. ceorl- has yielded in place-names STRAWSON. The Rev. S. C. Wood, Rector of the form Chorl-. So that the meaning Stroxton, Lines, informs me that that ' Herd-House ' given in the Diet, must place is referred to in 1612 as "Stroxton stand. alias Strawson," that in an Institution to Benefice a.d. 1558 the parish is called both Stroxton and Strawston, and that a

ISBISTER (Scand.) Bel. to Isbister ' (Orkney 'Thomas de Stroweston occurs in 1366. Shetland); and anc. Osbuster and Usbuster This, trienj is evidently _ the Stro'SistAn = the- East -)- Farmstead [O.N. austr of an iith-cent, agreement (/ore«;(e)ard) b6lstaV-r'\ printed in 'Dipil. Angl.', p. 595 [the pers. See ' Old r Lore Miscellany' (Viking name Stro'^ is app. f. O.E. stnidan, pp. Club), July 1912, p. 104. stroden, to pillage]