DE DE GRUYTER ECONOMICS OPEN Vol. 5, No 1, 2017 G ISSN 2303-5005 TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO Maria Popović Fakultet poslovne ekonomije, Bar, Crna Gora Faculty of business economy, Bar, Montenegro Pregledni članak DOI 10.1515/eoik-2017-0014 , UDK 338.48:725.94(497.16) Review paper APSTRAKT ABSTRACT U radu se apostrofira vrijednost sakralnih In this article value of sacred objects like a objekata kao resursa za razvoj kulturnog i resource for development of cultural and religious vjerskog turizma. Opisano je postojeće stanje tourism is being emphased. It ia being described sakralnih spomenika, njihova spremnost da the current state of religious monuments, u postojećim uslovima budu funkcionalni their wilingness that in existing conditions be činioci turističke ponude. Za istraživanje se functional factors of tourist offer. For research koristi kvalitativno-kvantitativna metoda, it is being used: qualitative and quantitative kojom se opisuju priznati elemente turističke methods with which are being described valorizacije: turističko-geografski položaj, recognized elements of tourist valorization: ambijent, atraktivnost i prepoznatljivost, tourism-geographical location,ambiance, uređenost i opremljenost prostora i atractiveness and identity, decoration and uklopljenost u turističko bogatstvo. Potom equipment of the space in tourist wealth. Then, se kvantifikuju svi segmenti valorizacije the segmenta of valorisation are being quantified kroz ocjenu najreprezentativnijih sakralnih through evaluation of the most representative spomenika u Crnoj Gori. Radom se želi religious monuments in Montenegro. With this ukazati na vrijednost ovog nasljeđa i njegove work, we want to draw attention to the value mogućnosti da relativno lako postane of this heritage and its ability to relatively easy prepoznatljiv resurs kulturnog i vjerskog be recognized as a resource of cultural and turizma. Želi se istražiti koji segmenti religious tourism. It is being wanted to explore turističke valorizacije mogu biti unaprijeđeni, which segments of tourist valorization can be pa na temelju toga i inkorporirani u sistem improved, so on the base of it and incorporated turističke ponude. in a system of a tourist offer. Ključne riječi: valorizacija, sakralni objekat, Keywords: valorization, sacral objects, resource, resurs, vjerski turizam religious touriam 107 ECONOMICS Maria Popović - TURISTIČKA VALORIZACIJA SAKRALNIH OBJEKATA U CRNOJ GORI UVOD INTRODUCTION Crna Gora svojim geografskim Geographical position and a rare compound položajem, te rijetkim sklopom prirodnih of natural and anthropogenic resources across i antropogenih vrijednosti na relativno a relatively small area are the features that malom prostoru, atraktivna je za make Montenegro attractive for tourist visits. turističke dolaske i boravak. Elementi Tourism elements, such as attractiveness, turističkog proizvoda: atraktivnost, level of activity, pleasantness, availability, aktivnost, prijatnost, dostupnost i ljudski and human resources (Collier, 2007: 22) resursi (Collier,2007:22) opredjeljuju define future of Montenegro on the tourism budućnost Crne Gore na turističkom market. In that respect, its production, general, tržištu. U tom smislu proizvodni, opšti, infrastructure and tourism factors are what infrastrukturni i turistički faktori daju joj provides it an advantage over its competitors. prednost u odnosu na njenu konkurenciju. A wide range of cultural resources distributed Za kreiranje jedinstvenog turističkog throughout the country are particularly proizvoda Crne Gore poseban značaj ima important for creation of a unique tourism širok opseg kulturnih resursa na teritoriji product of Montenegro. Religious buildings cijele države. Svojim se mjestom, misijom, tend to stand out in terms of their location, značenjem i ljepotom izdvajaju sakralni mission, meaning and beauty, so the question objekti, pa je pitanje njihove valorizacije of their evaluation is of particular importance od posebne važnosti za razvoj kulturnog i for the development of cultural and religious vjerskog turizma. tourism. Na prostoru Crne Gore nalaze se Montenegro is a home to religious sakralni objekti koji predstavljaju buildings that represent the cultural reprezentativni dio kulturne baštine heritage of national, regional and universal nacionalnog, regionalnog i univerzalnog significance. They pose as artistic creations značaja. Spomenici su velike graditeljske and monuments of significant architectural vrijednosti i umjetničke kreacije, te value, and are witnesses of the past epochs predstavljaju svjedoke minulih epoha from the historical and cultural point of iz kulturološke i istorijske vizure. view. They represented the spirituality Predstavljali su jezgra duhovnosti epoha cores of eras in which they were built, u kojima su nastajali, djelovali i djeluju operated and have been operating over tokom vremena. Osim toga, aktivno su time. In addition, they actively contributed uticali na širenje pismenosti i književnog to the spread of literacy and literary stvaralaštva, te afirmisali likovnu i creations, asserting the establishment of the primijenjene umjetnosti. Osim toga, fine and applied arts. Moreover, these were ovo su bila mjesta okupljanja lokalnog the gathering places of local population, stanovništava, gdje su predstavnici naroda where the representatives of the people donosili važne odluke o organizovanju would make important decisions about the odbrane, političkom djelovanju i organization of defence, political actions aktivnostima koje će opredijeliti njihovu and activities that would decide their fate. sudbinu. U socio-kulturološkoj ravni At the socio-cultural level, we can talk možemo govoriti o njihovom značaju za about their importance in the formation of formiranje identiteta i vrijednosti koje identity and values inherited by traditional baštini tradicionalna i dijelom savremena and to a certain extent - modern state of Crna Gora. Duhovna vertikala naroda Montenegro. High level of spirituality of koji živi na ovim prostorima rezultat people living in the region is the result of je vjekovnog sažimanja autohtonih centuries of merging indigenous creations tvorevina sa uticajima osvajača kojima with the impacts of invaders who found je ovo područje strateški bilo izuzetno this area strategically very interesting. 108 Maria Popović - TOURIST EVALUATION OF RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN MONTENEGRO ECONOMICS zanimljivo. Brojnost te teritorijalna The number and territorial intermingling of izmiješanost sakralnih objekata u Crnoj religious buildings in Montenegro speaks in Gori govori u prilog suživotu tri konfesije: favour of coexistence of the three religions: pravoslavne, katoličke i muslimanske. Ovi Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim. In terms of objekti sa aspekta turističke valorizacije tourist evaluation, these facilities are of varying različitog su značaja, stanja i očuvanosti. importance, status and preservation level. A part Jedan dio njih inkorporiran je u turističku of them is incorporated into regular tourist sights, ponudu, a drugi, ne mali broj, objekata whereas the other, which is by no means a small bi mogao uz veću ili manju pripremu number, could be equally represented in the list biti ravnopravno zastupljen u turističkoj of tourist sights of Montenegro, provided that ponudi Crne Gore. Imajući u vidu more or less adaptation is done. Given the fact činjenicu da prema projekcijama VTO do that, according to World Tourism Organisation 2020.godine 15% ukupnih putovanja biće (WTO) projections, by 2020 15% of all travel will motivisana vjerom, pitanje valorizacije be motivated by religion, it is important to assess sakralnih objekata na teritoriji Crne Gore the issue of evaluation of religious buildings in važno je za analizu. Montenegro. 1. SAKRALNI OBJEKTI NA PODRUČJU 1. RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS IN CRNE GORE MONTENEGRO Ostaci sakralnih objekata na teritoriji The remains of religious buildings across the cijele Crne Gore svjedoče o različitim territory of Montenegro testify about different civilizacijskim uticajima u različitim civilizational influences across different epochs. epohama. Iz predslovenskog perioda The remains of the monastery in Doljani from datiraju ostaci manastira u Doljanima the end of the fifth century, trefoil in Bar from s kraja V vijeka, trikonhosa u Baru iz the sixth century, and the remains of several VI vijeka, te ostaci nekoliko crkava u churches in the Podgorica settlement of Zlatica podgoričkom naselju Zlatica iz VI vijeka. from the sixth century date back to the pre- Iz perioda preromantike i dolaska Slovena Slavic period. The remains of several buildings ostaci su nekoliko zdanja: stara crkva bear witness to the pre-Romance period and the Sv.Jovana u Zatonu kod Bijelog Polja, days of arrival of the Slavs: the old church of St. crkva Sv.Petra – centralna benediktinska John in Zaton near Bijelo Polje, the Church of opatija u Šuranju nadomak Kotora, St. Peter - a central Benedictine abbey in Šuranj manastir Sv.Arhangela Mihaila na near Kotor, Monastery of St. Archangel Michael Prevlaci i Manastir Bogorodice Ratačke on Prevlaka and the Monastery of Our Lady of nadomak Bara. Po mišljenju Čilikova Ratac near Bar. In the opinion of Chilikov, the najmonumentalnija bazilika preromantike most monumental basilica from pre-Romance u Crnoj Gori otkrivena je na Martinićkoj period was discovered in Montenegro in the gradini blizu Danilovgrada (2011:18). Gradina Martinička near Danilovgrad (2011: 18). Iz perioda