MONUMENTA SREBRENICA Research, Documents, Testimonials BOOK 5
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MONUMENTA SREBRENICA Research, documents, testimonials BOOK 5 SREBRENICA THROUGH PAST CENTURIES SREBRENICA THROUGH PAST CENTURIES Consulting editors: Enver Halilović, Ph.D., Professor Jusuf Žiga, Ph.D., Professor Anita Petrović, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Editor: Adib Đozić, Ph.D., Professor Translated into English by: Selma Kešetović, Ph.D., Assistant Professor Publisher: Public Institution for Protection and Usage of Cultural-historical and Natural Heritage of the Tuzla Canton Print: OFF-SET Tuzla Edition: 500 Tuzla – Srebrenica 2016. ISSN 2233-162X CONTENT Author’s Preface ............................................................................................. 5 Dr Edin Mutapčić, Associate Professor SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF SREBRENICA AND THE SURROUNDINGS IN THE 15TH CENTURY ........................... 9 Professor Adib Đozić, Ph.D., Rusmir Djedović, M.Phill MUSALA, VAROŠ AND CIGANLUK IN SREBRENICA IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY ......................................................................................... 55 Rusmir Djedović, M.Phill, Professor Adib Đozić, Ph.D., VILLAGES ORAHOVICA, VIOGOR AND BUĆE NEAR SREBRENICA – IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY ................................................................ 81 Nusret Hodžić, M.Phil. THE VILLAGE SUĆESKA SOCIO-HISTORICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC SKETCHES OF CONTINUITY OF LIFE ................................................ 125 APPENDICES Mihailo J. Dinić SREBRNIK NEAR SREBRNICA ............................................................ 143 DOCUMENTS Dr. Rasim Muratović, senior lecturer JUDGMENT OF THE HAGUE TRIBUNAL AGAINST RADOVAN KARADZIC- CONFIRMATION OF THE GREATER SERBIAN IDEOLOGY, POLICY AND PRACTICE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ........................................................................................155 Mr. Muamer Dzananovic, Senior Associate CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN IN GORAZDE DURING THE SIEGE 1992-1995 .................................................................................................. 191 Author’s Preface Dear readers, before you is the fifth volume namedSrebrenica through past centuries of the well-known edition Monumenta Srebrenica. Why do I say well-known? The reason is simple. This is the fifth year of regular pub- lishing and the fifth volume of Edition which presents a small jubilee that not many scientific and cultural projects can boast about. The result is accom- plished with much hard work, effort and understanding of not just authors, publishers, translators, but also members of the Editorial Board with Dr Sadik Ahmetović at the head and the Organization Board for Commemoration of 11th July 1995, the anniversary of the genocide against Bosniaks in UN “Safe Area Srebrenica“ with Ćamil Duraković at the head. Dr Selma Kešetović in- vested special effort and work in translation of the texts into English. We use the opportunity to thank cordially to all the mentioned. We also thank our dear readers because without your interest this Edition would make no sense. The result of our five-year-long work is composed in 36 published scientific works, out of which 30 are first time published original scientific works and 6 pre-published works that we published as appendices. The works have been written by 23 authors from various scientific disciplines with many scientific and academic years of service, and majority of them are university professors. There are seven works in the fifth volume and they follow the structural pattern of the Edition. There are four original scientific works in the first part of the volume and those are: Edin Mutapčić’sSpiritual and religious characteristics of Srebrenica and its surrounding in the 15th century, Adib Đozić’s and Rusmir Djedović’s two texts Musala, Varoš and Ciganluk in the city of Srebrenica in the late 19th century and Villages Orahovica, Vigor and Buće in the late 19th century. The fourth part of the volume is Nusret Hodžić’s The village Sućeska: Socio-historical and demographic sketches of continuity of life. Mihajlo J. Dinčić’s Srebrenik near Srebrenica, published in 1934 by the Serbian Royal Academy, is placed in the second part of the volume. In his text from 1934 Dinčić did not translate sources from Latin. We have done that as a help to our readers for better understanding. Benjamin Hasanović translated parts of the text from Latin into Bosnian. We have so far published original documents of verdicts brought before domestic and international tribunals for 5 the crime of genocide against Bosniaks in UN “Safe Area Srebrenica” in July 1995. This time we decided to publish two scientific works in this part of the volume. The first is Rasim Muratović’s The verdict of the Hague tribunal in the case of Radovan Karadžić – the confirmation of Serbian hegemony, politics and practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We believe that this approach, at the moment, is absolutely justified because the verdict to Radovan Karadžić for joint criminal enterprise with elements of genocide is too spacious to be published. The second reason for justification of this interpretation of the verdict is that readers will be able to understand its essence, motifs, intentions and goals of the joint criminal enterprise with Radovan Karadžić1 at the head, and for which he was given a sentence of 40 years imprisonment before the International Criminal Tribunal for ex-Yugoslavia in the Hague on 24th March 2016. The second work in this part is Muamer Džananović’s The crime against children in Goražde during the 1992-1995 siege. This work helps us understand all the brutality, mercilessness, scope, and above all uncivilized and inhuman character of the 1992-1995 War against Bosnian society and state which resulted in the genocide against Bosniaks not only in Srebrenica but throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina.2 This work keeps our promise that we made when writing the proposal of this project that we would not refer only to the area of Srebrenica in our research but to the wider area of Bosnian Podrinje which includes Goražde and its surrounding. We decided to give one documentary supplement that refers to the Bosnian language in this part of the volume. It is the cover page for a textbook the Grammar of Bosnian Language from 1890. The reason for this is that, unfortunately, the government of Republic of Srpska still denies Bosniaks and other residents of that entity the right to call their language by its historic name Bosnian, which even the occupational Austro-Hungarian rule in the 19th century did not do. We will use this opportunity to emphasize only several historic facts that undoubtedly confirm centuries-long existence of Bosnian as a 1 The defendant was one of the founders of the Serbian Democratic Party and its president from July 1990 till July 1996. He was the president of the Council for national Safety of Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on 12th May 1992 he was elected for the president of the Presidency of Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was the only president of Republic of Srpska and supreme military commander of armed forces of Republic of Srpska on 17th December 1992. 2 On verdicts for the crime of genocide against Bosniaks from 1992-1995, across Bosnia and Herzegovina, and not only in Srebrenica in July 1995, see more in : Vedad Gurda, Procesuiranje genocida u Bosni i Hercegovini pred međunarodnim, domaćim i inostranim sudovima, u: Edicija Monumenta Srebrenica, Srebrenica kroz minula stoljeća, Knjiga 4, JU Zavod za zaštitu i korištenje kulturno-historijskog i prirodnog naslijeđa Tuzlanskog kantona, Tuzla-Srebrenica, 2015, pp. 32-68. 6 separate linguistic subject, completely equal to Croatian and Serbian and other south-Slavic languages. The first known mention of Bosnian can be found in one notary act in the city of Kotor, when a Venetian prince bought on 3rd July 1436 a girl “of Bosnian origin and a heretic, named in Bosnian (aut. emphasis) Djevena”. In the multitude of facts that confirm the continuity of centuries of Bosnian Senahid Halilović emphasizes the following: ,,Constantine the Philosopher (a writer from the end of 14th and the beginning of 15th century) in his record ‘Skazanie izjavljeno o pismeneh’ mentiones Bosnian in addition to Bulgarian, Serbian, Slovenian, Czech and Croatian. (…) A bishop from Nin in Peri wrote to Fra Arsenio in 1581 in the Bosnian language. (...)Many writers from the 17th century until present day called it Bosnian (together with Slovene, Illyrian, Croatian), such as: Matija Divković (...), Stjepan Matijević, Stjepan Margitić, Ivan Frano Jukić, Martin Nedić, Anto Knežević... (...) In addition to the Czech, Polish, Croatian, Serbian and other languages, a writer Matija Antun Reljković (1732-1798) mentioned the Bosnian language.”3 Rightfully Alija Isaković wrote: ,,Therefore, unlike what is today considered to be the Serbian literary language and the Croatian literary language, the Bosnian language has had the least culturally historic watershed, meanders, internal rising, regional and foreign interference, and the least difference between the folk and literary language. ‘Bosniaks are something special and their language is special among other languages’, wrote Muhamed Hevai uskufi in 1631. The language of this Alhamiado poet and the Bosnian language in his Turkish- Bosnian dictionary Potur-Šahidija (Magbūli ‘ărif) from 1631, the language of Fejzo Softa from the 18th century, the language of a ballad ‘Hasanaginica’, published in 1774 in Venetia, the language of Mustafa Firakija in his petition ‘Mahzar piše bosanska fukara’ (tr.